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On two occasions Cardinal Danneels, the archbishop of Malines-Brussels, addressed the participants, to welcome them on December 30th and, in an improvised and spontaneous manner, to say goodbye on January 1st.
Tuesday evening, 30 December 2008: "God is smiling tonight."
(Brother Alois) A European meeting in Brussels! For many years, there was a close friendship between Cardinal Danneels and Brother Roger, and they spoke together about this project which has become a reality today. Thank you, dear Cardinal Danneels, for inviting us.
And we thank Cardinal Danneels for having associated Christians of other denominations to his invitation, from the outset. We are pleased that representatives of the Orthodox, Protestant and Catholic Churches are present together this evening. And now the Cardinal is going to speak to us.
(Cardinal Danneels) We are more than six billion on this planet and God asks us to live on it together. We are not able to. But tonight, God is watching us and He is delighted. Yes, God is pleased to see this living parable of a new humanity that we are. Forty thousand young people together in prayer, silence and peace. Yes, tonight God is smiling.
God gives us light in the darkness that surrounds us. To each one of us, in creating us, God gave the light of our intelligence, that internal radar that cannot not seek truth. A divine compass that does not lead us astray. For we are all seeking the truth, both believers and unbelievers. But, in addition, God gives us the light of faith: that star of Bethlehem shining tonight over Brussels: Jesus is our light. Enlighten our intelligence, Lord, and revive our faith.
But in these difficult times, we need hope more than anything else. Hope is not the result of a natural optimism. No, there is too much despair in this world for us to settle for a simple carefree character or a naturally happy temperament. We need a divine hope, based on promises that God guarantees. Hope is the heart muscle of our soul. It never has a heart-attack. Lord, give us hope: give us Jesus.
God gives us a heart to love. It is not enough to see clearly by faith, or to live on hope. We need the warmth of love in a cold world. But what is love, true love? It is above all accepting ourselves as we are, thanking God for having created us as we are. For, created by God, we are good. Love consists also in accepting others as they are, not as we would like them to be or dream that they are. Love leaves the other as he or she is. Love is realistic.
Love is always first. It does not wait for the other to love us in order to begin then to love him or her. Love is always first. It does not let anything else go ahead. It is not possessive; it does not try to control the other. It is self-offering; it is first of all a gift. It makes us happy. As Jesus said, "There is more happiness in giving than in receiving."
Thursday evening, 1 January 2009: "I give thanks to God"
I thank God for these blessed days, these days of grace that we have had. Never in the history of the city of Brussels and of all Belgium have we had such a Christmas!
I give thanks to God because every night, close to the Atomium, which is the symbol of men who investigate matter down to its depths, 40,000 young people came here to investigate the things of God. I give thanks particularly for those moments of silence at the heart of the celebrations. It is then that the Holy Spirit creates in us a hollow, a kind of little manger where the Child Jesus can be born.
I give thanks to God for the brothers of Taizé, who for many months have built that manger and decorated here the stable of Bethlehem, so that it could be worthy of receiving us, us and the Lord Christ.
I give thanks to God for the hundreds of volunteers who, throughout these days, were like the shepherds. What did they bring? A bit of wool and a little milk, all they had: the wool of their time and the milk of their availability.
I thank God for all those who came during these days. They are like the Wise Men, they brought their presents, the gold of their faith, the incense that rises and symbolizes their hope, and the precious myrrh of their charity. May God be praised for having so many sons and daughters!
And finally, I thank God for the thousands of families who have hosted so many young people during these days. They said to themselves: the innkeeper had no room in Bethlehem in his inn... maybe there is no room in Bethlehem but, in Brussels and in Belgium, there will be room! I am sure that if the innkeeper of Bethlehem sees us from the sky, he must be saying to himself: If I had known, I would have opened the door. And all these families reply: we have done it.
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2019-04-20T12:12:15Z
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http://www.taize.fr/en_article7956.html
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Angela Osbourne is a special woman, with a long history obsession with Grenache. A native of New Zealand, she now makes her home in the Santa Barbara Wine Country, where she sources unique vineyards for her variations on the beauty that is, Grenache.
You can read more about her story here, and I highly recommend that you get on the mailing list; now! no, not tomorrow, not later, NOW. Having known the winemaker for several years, I am consistently entranced by her wines, and have not had one I didn’t fall instantly in love with.
As I was hopping on a random bus for the Friday evening excursions at the Wine Bloggers Conference recently, I was delighted to learn it was the Renegade Rhone bus, and at the second stop, I walked in to Andrew Murray Winery and there was Angela, an A Tribute To Grace. After holding my summer allocation of Grenache and Rose for several months in order to preserve the precious few bottles I own, I, at first, thought I must be having a Rhône hallucination. But as luck would have it, Angela was there – live and in person – amongst some of my favorite Rhône varietal producers.
So this week, it is only fitting that I bring you my Rosés of Summer: A Tribute to Grace 2013 Rose of Grenache. Make with 100% Grenache, this wine reminds me of a summer’s day in Provence, where the light, pale pinks dominate the landscape. The Santa Barbara Highlands Vineyard, which is also where Angela sources some Grenache for red wine, is in the middle of the Sierra Madre Mountains, at 3200′ elevation.
The vineyard is sustainable managed, and while there are 12 varietals planted here, Grenache is only 4% of the total yield; this is somehow unsurprising given that there are less than 10,000 acres of the fruit in California, compared to over 98,000 of Cabernet Sauvignon. Here, at Santa Barbara Highlands Vineyard, they take Grenache seriously: 4 distinct clones are planted, and only give winemakers have access to fruit from the block this wine is made from.
The whole clusters rested for 24 hours in their skins, given it a just kissed baby’s cheek color; Clone 2 also contributes to the pale rose gold tone, and picking early in the seasons gives this wine an intensity of acid and spice that is perfect ot me. With watermelon, blood orange, Tuscan melon and raspberry notes, with underlying rosehips and hibiscus. This wine represents everything I look for in a rose, and makes my little heart go pitter patter. At $23, get some before it’s going-going-gone!
I purchased this wine myself, although any sips I may have taken in Los Olivos at WBC were entirely provided by the wineries pouring.
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2019-04-24T19:46:19Z
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http://lusciouslushes.com/2014/07/tribute-to-grace-grenache-rose/
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Cirocco Dunlap currently writes for Netflix's Big Mouth and TBS's upcoming show Miracle Workers. She has also written for Man Seeking Woman, Russian Doll, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, The New Yorker, and McSweeney's.
Her short film "Everything is Okay" (above) played at SXSW 2018. You can see more of these on the "Shorts" section of this site.
Her picture book, "Crunch, the Shy Dinosaur", came out with Random House in Summer 2018.
She wrote this essay for the New Yorker.
As an actor, she is typically typecast as a gender-neutral child.
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2019-04-19T03:02:27Z
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https://www.ciroccodunlap.com/about
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Celebrating my birthday exactly how I wanted it. I saw family a few days before (and got a much needed haircut), then headed off to Tortworth Court for a relaxing weekend. I’d actually won a minimoon in a Love My Dress competition a while back, and so we cashed it in for my birthday treat. Divine.
I also got to explore the Cotswolds, which has been on my list for ages. So beautiful.
To top it all off, our mini-moon package included a spa day. We floundered about the pool, had a lovely massage and cosied in our room for most of Saturday.
A new phone! After 3 years a rapidly deteriorating battery and a Black Friday deal coincided, so I treated myself to a Huawei P20. I’ve been so impressed with the brand previously I never considered looking elsewhere, and I have to say I’m impressed. Completely not sponsored by the way!
Feeling like I have a whole new wardrobe. I bought *loads* of bits ahead of our honeymoon and kept it all new and fresh until then, so now I’m able to wear it all. I’ve loved combining more summery dresses with jumpers – this dress in particular goes so well with a black polo neck!
Finally trying out the Brunch menu at Home SW15. It’s our fav spot in Putney (I’ve reviewed them for dinner a while back – have a read here) but we’ve never made it to breakfast. We finally did last weekend and oh my! So gutted it took us this long. I had the BEST brunch dish (crab cakes, poached eggs and hollandaise) that’ I’ve ever had in London.
Whisky Smoked Brie. I don’t need to say anything else!
Our Christmas tree makes me so happy – it’s coppery and rose gold and just so pretty. I’d love to decorate more of our flat with garlands and wreaths but we just don’t have the pennies this year, so I’ve gone all out with the tree instead.
Making Gingerbread houses with Neff. I went to an event last Tuesday where we did a bit of a Bake Off between groups of bloggers. Whilst my team didn’t quite win, we did have an absolutely amazing time and our house didn’t collapse. A fab event, and I got to try the Bake Off ovens which are so fun (and would be insanely practical in a tiny kitchen).
A surprisingly good pub meal in Northamptonshire for my birthday. I do find since loving in London I’ve become a little bit of a food snob, but this was genuinely lovely. I had some perfectly cooked sea bass, followed by a wonderful chocolate bomb dessert. Yum!
How is your December going? Have you cracked out the festive jumper yet?
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2019-04-26T12:51:22Z
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https://ninegrandstudent.co.uk/page/3/
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How often do you use resources from APA?
One of my coworkers tossed his copy of Planning into the trash bin the other day when I handed it to him. He is of the opinion that the only value that the APA offers is the letters behind his name.
It got me wondering what what other resources that APA offers so I started navigating around their website and there is a ton that I was not aware of.
What resources from the APA do you use and how often? I have used a ton of the live webinars from the Ohio chapter for CM credits, and after finding some of the other stuff, I am going to be using a lot more.
I use ICMA more than APA national for actual info. I don't feel I get a lot out of APA as a member and really think they should create more benefit in that line. Think how much more valuable AICP would be if I had access to technical information or helpful advice at no cost. You know, like ICMA does. It would influence more people to take the test and more companies would make sure they would have an AICP planner to get access to that valuable stuff. At least in theory.
They made the PAS reports an included benefit finally, which is positive. They actually have a fair bit of stuff--it is just difficult to access. APA really needs to do some work publicizing things available to members. The state chapters and local sections can help them with this if they'll provide the context and examples.
I've spent a lot of time thinking about this, actually. APA does try to disseminate best practices, but is stymied by the differing state laws that make it hard to take an idea from another part of the country and just simply adopt it. That's why the local chapters tend to be more helpful. I wish they kept a library of model ordinances, that's something I would use.
Planners often disparage APA but I am not sure any professional membership association offers much more than they do. I do like the Urban Land Institute but they are really expensive if you want to get involved past the Associate Member level.
I find Planning mag acceptable.
Zoning Practice is useful 75% of the time.
PAS is very useful and I'll willing pay the price for it.
Other than the above, National doesn't work much for me, but my state chapter and our regional conference is where it's at.
I am not an APA member as I am no longer in Planning and Zoning. I still read Planning magazine. I may be a bit biased, as my sister is the editor in chief.
I tend to flip through Zoning Practice and the Planning mag but I'll be honest, I seldom read it cover-to-cover. When I'm working on ordinance changes, I do often search APA's resources on my topic just to give me a better feel for what's happening on specific subjects in other communities.
Looking for some introductory info for my new Planning Board, I turned to APA. 'The Commissioner' is somewhat interesting for them to peruse but it was a challenge to find really rudimentary material; instead it's articles that might be interesting to a Planning Board member (which is good too).
In the end, I ended up giving my own presentation which likely turned out better anyway.
I have in the past used the resources. However, here lately, not very much. The old Planner's Web was a lot more useful.
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2019-04-22T01:10:13Z
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https://www.cyburbia.org/forums/threads/how-often-do-you-use-resources-from-apa.55353/
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Awaiting with anticipation the coming buds of spring?
Only bare bark and limbs.
Maybe even heartless and murderous.
Of the seasons in life.
Spring will come. . .the new leaf will unfold. . .
I’m so glad I can trust in my Heavenly Father to know what’s best for me. . . I just have to trust in His vision, His plan. Do you feel the same?
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2019-04-23T16:51:49Z
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http://sislynstewart.com/2012/01/poem-dont-you-think-that-god/
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If this is the first time you have visited our Knoxville office, the mapping service below will assist you in finding our location. Simply fill out the form below, and you will be presented with directions that include a map, the travel time, and distance. If you need any additional information, please contact us at Shanks Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Phone Number 865-531-5995.
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2019-04-23T21:54:49Z
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https://www.shanksoralsurgery.com/contact-us/knoxville/
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← PREPARATION…One Word, Express In One Hundred Words In One Hundred Days.
EXCUSE…one word, express in one hundred words in one hundred days.
Excuses Are Not Jargon In The School Of Success. You Either Succeed Or You Make Excuses, You Cannot Make Both. Don’t Make Excuses Good Reasons To Fail, Rather Strong Points For Your Success.
Life Says Succeed Anyhow. Good Stories And Experiences Are Heard From People That Turns Their Frustration Into Fascination.
Life Says If You Succeed, I Want To Hear Your Stories, If Not Keep Them To Yourself.
Excuses Are Strategies Of Enemy, To Inject Procrastination In Your Life, Stop You From Purpose And Kill Your Vision. But There Is A Place For You On Top If You Are Interested.
This entry was posted in Life and Time Management, Self Development, Spirituality, The Peace, The Secret, Vitamin Of The Mind, You! and tagged Bishop David Oyedepo, Excuses and Success, How To Stop Make Excuses, Pastor E A Adeboye, Rotimi Adedokun, The School Of Success, TheSecretMan. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-19T04:40:26Z
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https://thesecret101home.com/2014/12/29/excuseone-word-express-in-one-hundred-words-in-one-hundred-days/
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Feed fractionation of a silica sand sample to a rare earth roll separator (RER) magnetic separator was found to be much more favorable for separation than the whole batch. The performance of the separator depends on both the size and the size distribution of the feed. The correlation between the different size fractions of.
Dec 20, 2017 . Full Text Paper (PDF): Reduction of Iron Content from Silica Sand by . The combined process of scrubbing and magnetic separation can.
Magnetic separators filter and remove metal contamination from your product streams. They guarantee the product quality and prevent damage to machines. Examples of metal contaminants also called foreign bodies: pieces of iron or steel stainless steel in the raw material, staples, nails and screws, bolts and nuts that.
Apr 22, 2015 . This work concerns the removal of iron oxide from silica sandstone to obtain a material acceptable for flat glass manufacturing. For this, we have studied the silica enrichment process using a magnetic separation. Moreover, a leaching process by using hydrochloric acid has been studied under various.
The results show that there is about 25% magnetite by mass in the tailings sample with the main gangue minerals being quartz, feldspars, mica, and chlorite. Therefore, assuming adequate liberation, the recovery of the magnetite by magnetic separation was considered to be viable. The small amount of haematite present.
SiMAG particles are magnetic silica beads with superparamagnetic or ferromagnetic properties and possess either a highly porous or a non porous silica.
Aug 28, 2017 . That's where this cheap and easy magnetic DNA separation method comes in. If it can be optimized and tested with some help from the citizen science community. Commercial DNA separation methods generally involve mixing silica beads into crude cell fractions; the DNA preferentially binds to the silica,.
State of the art magnetic separation equipment, engineered and manufactured by our teams delivers enhanced performance and cost effective operation for . Upgrading staurolite and garnet into magnetics and production of zircon into non magnetics; Production of silica/glass sands; Rejection of magnetic impurities from.
The Magnetic Separator M12 + 12 consists of a clear Plexiglas block with 12 extra strong permanent magnets for a fast magnetic separation (<2 min) with 1.5 ml and 2.0 ml tubes. Optimized to use with M Beads Magnetic silica beads. With 48 tube positions including 24 positions for magnetic separation (12x for 1.5 ml and.
Exporter of Mineral Processing Equipments Wet Drum Magnetic Separator, Spiral Classifier, Silica Separator and Cavity Filter Press offered by Kinc Mineral Technologies Private Limited, Vadodara, Gujarat.
Dec 20, 2017 . magnetic separator. The combined process of scrubbing and magnetic separation. can produce a product with lower iron content and higher weight recovery than the. same process with rod mill product. Keywords: Silica sand, hematite, scrubbing, magnetic separation. 1. INTRODUCTION: One of the major.
May 17, 2017 . In this paper, fine weakly magnetic particles were extracted from iron ore beneficiation tailings and silica (SiO2) was separated and purified using a superconducting high gradient magnetic separator. Based on plenty of contrast experiments, SiO2 content of the magnetic concentrate could be increased.
Mar 17, 2015 . Email: zd [email protected] Skype: ZoneDing.Machine Wet.
Feed fractionation of a silica sand sample to a rare earth roll separator (RER) magnetic separator was found to be much more favorable for separation than the.
Apr 22, 2015 . For this, we have studied the silica enrichment process using a magnetic separation. Moreover, a leaching process by using hydrochloric acid.
Removing Silica and Alumina from Limonite Using Wet High .
Removing alumina and silica from the limonite by wet high gradient magnetic separator was conducted to elevate iron grade of limonite which is based on the investigation of mineralogy of the ore. The.
We are amongst the renowned manufacturers and exporters of magnetic & Silica separator. Designed with the assistance of our novel technology, this separator.
Metal enhanced fluorescent dye doped silica nanoparticles and .
Biosens Bioelectron. 2017 Jan 15;87:881 887. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.034. Epub 2016 Sep 12. Metal enhanced fluorescent dye doped silica nanoparticles and magnetic separation: A sensitive platform for one step fluorescence detection of prostate specific antigen. Xu DD(1), Deng YL(1), Li CY(1), Lin Y(1), Tang.
Exporter of Silica processing machine Silica Sand Magnetic Separator, Silica Vibrating Feeder, Silica Separator and Magnetic Roll Separator offered by Star Trace Private Limited, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
Mar 17, 2015 . Email: zd [email protected] Skype: ZoneDing.Machine Wet Magnetic Separator in the Silica.
SiMAG particles are magnetic silica beads with superparamagnetic or ferromagnetic properties and possess either a highly porous or a non porous silica surface. The beads are available with diameters of 0.5 µm to 1 µm and are easily separable by magnetic batch procedures. The surface area provides a high binding.
Removal of iron from sandstone by magnetic separation and .
For this, we have studied the silica enrichment process using a magnetic separation. Moreover, a leaching process by using hydrochloric acid has been studied.
Glass Raw Materials Cleaning Silica sand, Quartz, Feldspar, Dolomite, etc. Ultra High Purity Quartz Cleaning. Graphite Upgrading, Mangense ore benification, Bauxite Upgrading, Diamond ore benification, Selective Separation of Garnet / Ilmenite / Rutile, Zircon, Benification of Iron ore, recovery of Metals from Slag,.
This work concerns the removal of iron oxide from silica sandstone to obtain a material acceptable for flat glass manufacturing. For this, we have studied the silica enrichment process using a magnetic separation. Moreover, a leaching process by using hydrochloric acid has been studied under various experimental.
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2019-04-20T20:24:05Z
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http://www.tyneteessecurity.com/flotation/1916316529-magnetic-separation-silica/
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The year started off with a rumour that long-term capital gains will be introduced, and market participants were nervous. Finally, it arrived and it gave an excuse for the market to correct.
The market is a slave of earnings (sales and profit) but it runs faster than the earnings if inflows are higher. In this euphoria, investors forget the fundamentals and think that the market will move only in one direction: upwards. They then take higher exposure to mid- and small-caps to earn better returns.
Just look at the Index return now from the peak of 2018: large cap -2.9, mid-cap -18.4 and small-cap -32.7. This clearly shows that if you do not have a proper balanced portfolio, the impact during corrections will be severe (table shows the performance).
Fund managers fared differently, with wide performance levels. Yet, in some cycles, small- and mid-caps outperform large caps by a wide margin. It is good for investors to spread their investments across all three areas to improve returns.
How does this compare with the performance at MyAssetsConsolidation.com?
For the same period, in the portfolios we built for you all, on an average, the exposure to midcaps was 11.4%, small caps 2% and multi-caps 40%. The remaining half included large cap and balanced funds. In 2019, we will be increasing the exposure to mid- and small caps for you.
We were very cautious for more than 15 months and we told you so in emails in Oct 2017 and December 2017(attaching the blog link for reference). In our overall portfolio, the exposure to small- and mid-caps was small, and so the negative impact was reduced to greater extent. Even for clients who came on board only in 2018, we recommended only STP for 2-5 months due to concern on fundamentals of the market.
While even our investors’ portfolios corrected, our strategy helped reduce the loss in them. This clearly shows that asset allocation will give you a better investment experience even if you underperform during the bull phase of the market.
We believe that the worst for the market is behind us, although the market may witness volatility till some lead in the 2019 General Election. With crude and the rupee stabilising, any improvement hereafter will favour the Bulls. If any single party gets at least a simple majority, the market may deliver 16% plus returns (the logic is that since 1980, the market delivered 16-28% in every election year). Corporate results are looking up, and this will also lend support to the market.
So, if you have surplus, do invest in liquid funds and move gradually into equity funds as per your asset allocation.
We are happy to tell you that in the past nearly eight years, our client base has increased substantially, thanks in part to the excellent referrals from you all. During this market correction, I see a lot of faith that you have had in the market and the advice we gave you. Redemption in this volatile period from our investors was less than Rs 10 lakh!
This gives confidence to us and I join my colleagues in saying THANK GOD FOR STITCHING TOGETHER SUCH MARVELLOUS CLIENTS INTO OUR GROUP.
On this happy occasion of the Festival of Lights, let us all share our surplus with the needy.
Link of previous year market views.
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2019-04-22T17:07:54Z
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http://myassetsconsolidation.com/investment-advisory/lead-us-from-darkness-to-light/
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Officer Assistant / ARO – Bachelor Degree in Any Stream. Hindi Computer Typing speed of 30 Word Per Minute.
Additional Private Secretary/ Additional Private Secretary Department – Graduated from the recognized university.
Selection Process: Candidate selection is based on the Online / Written Exam, Interview.
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2019-04-26T07:46:32Z
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https://sarkarirojgaar.com/uppcl-aro-samiksha-adhikari-aps-result/
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Vanessa joined One King West’s team of dedicated Wedding Specialists in early 2018. Having built her career in the hospitality industry, she has become an expert at anticipating her couple’s needs and executing their every dream to ensure a memorable and seamless day. She becomes fast friends with each couple as her warm personality and honest demeanor sets the tone of these special relationships which continue to grow throughout the planning process.
I love seeing how couples will customize their weddings and put their own personal spin on things – I have seen a lot of really interesting favours, decorations and traditions.
Since a typical engagement is now anywhere between 6 months – 2 years I love to see the couple grow during this process. I’m very lucky to be a big part of this special time in my couples lives and I think including me in that is a privilege. I get very close with the majority of my couples and have a laugh along the way! Most of the time it doesn’t feel like work.
What are some details of the planning that brides and grooms often overlook?
Their meals on the day of their wedding. With emotions and nerves running high it’s so important to make time to eat proper meals.
When they see our main ballroom – The Grand Banking Hall in person for the first time! This space is beautiful to anyone who sees it.
Marble, chandeliers, tall ceilings, natural light, history, location, the convenience of a hotel, I hope dedicated Wedding Specialists!
Celebrity wedding you’d want to attend: Justin and Hailey or Ariana and Pete?
Television’s Caitriona Balfe (Outlander) and her fiancé Tony McGill. Photo from Getty Images.
Both. I’ll say wine because Prosecco is a form of sparkling wine haha!
Interested in learning more about our Wedding Venues, Packages and Team?
Call 418-548-8200 or fill-out information the below and you’ll hear from them shortly!
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2019-04-22T00:06:46Z
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https://www.onekingwest.com/blogs/wedding-specialists-qa-spotlight-vanessa/?utm_source=internalblog&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=WOHblog4reasons
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Netball - 15. January 2008.
With Lightning riding high in the league and the Dragons having a tough season so far, this was an ideal opportunity to try out different things and two young players, Jo Harten and Sarah Jane Sullivan, both had their debut performances at home in Lightning colours.
The opening performance of Harten, England’s young shooting sensation, recently transferred from Team Bath, didn’t disappoint a capacity crowd. Harten, at just 18 years of age, has had an impressive netball career already, having represented England in the under 17, 19 and 21 teams. Last season she played for the Mavericks and scored the winning goal against Lightning in the semi-final playoffs.
The crowd were surprised to see Harten on the Lightning bench for the first quarter but the impressive way James (GS) and Stephenson (GA) started made the crowd wonder when, or if, Harten may get on. Lightning’s team play was crisp and sharp, movement was good and the ball was finding its way in to the attacking zone with ease. Once in the circle James and Stephenson were on song shooting at 88% for the quarter and racking up 21 goals. Defensively Kara Luck was having another strong game and Sarah Penny took full advantage of her chance to get court time by dominating the Dragons GS.
The second quarter saw Stephenson leave the court to give Harten her first run out for Lightning. Almost immediately she linked well with James and together they gave the Dragon’s defence with a torrid time. At the other end of the court Jade Clarke (WD), in her first home game since the World Championships, looked strong as part of Lightning’s defensive trio, picking off balls outside the shooting circle. With Lightning’s mid-court controlling play it was one-way traffic and they didn’t miss a single shot, netting another 21 goals to finish the half 42-15 ahead.
The second half saw the home debut of Sullivan (WA) in place of Hampshire amongst a string of Lightning team changes. Not surprisingly the fluency slipped a little moving forwards and occasionally the ball went astray as new combinations struggled to find each other. However Lightning coach Rosie Port must have been happy to see her team put away another 17 goals despite the unease.
The final quarter saw Port rework the mid-court again with Clarke returning in place of Murphy (C) and Stephenson (GA) coming back on. At this point Lightning stuttered slightly in relation to their outstanding play in the first half. Clarke and Sullivan didn’t immediately gel with Stephenson and Harten, but they were still the dominant team. Lightning’s defence restricted the Dragons to only 11 shots, allowing Lightning to take the quarter 14-8, sealing an emphatic 73-34 win.
Lightning’s next game is away against Team Northumbria, on Saturday 26th January. The next home game is on Saturday 2nd February against Northern Thunder. Tickets are available in advance on the ticket hotline, Tel: 01509 226250, or through the website: www.loughboroughlightning.com or on the door (depending on availability) at Netball Centre. At £5 a ticket for adults and £3 for concessions, the game works out as a bargain priced night out for all.
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2019-04-23T21:51:40Z
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http://www.womensportreport.com/impressive-debuts-as-lightning-win/wn/155
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Overivew: Latino U College Access is a college access and success non-profit in Westchester County whose mission is to increase college enrollment and graduation rates among low-income, first generation Latino youth by support students from college exploration and application through college graduation. As a volunteer at Latino U College Access, you represent the first step in helping our Scholars achieve their college dreams.
Volunteers Matter: At Latino U College Access our volunteers guide talented, high achieving Latino high school students who are first in their families to attend college, achieve their academic and life potential. It is our volunteers who coach students as they navigate the college process, serve as role models, and expand what is possible. We are currently seeking dedicated individuals who are interested in transforming the lives of young people to join our volunteer team.
College Coach: As a College Coach you will work one-on-one with a college bound high school senior supporting her through the college application process. You will assist you Scholar in developing a college list, writing the personal essay statement, completing the Common Application, filling out financial aid forms, and providing the encouragement needed to stay on track and take this monumental step forward. Requirements: college graduate, computer literacy, strong communication skills. To considered: complete on-line application, interview, background check, 4 session training workshop. Time commitment: Participate in training; ability to work with consistently with a student from July 2018 - May 2019.
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2019-04-18T20:20:17Z
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https://www.volunteernewyork.org/opportunity/a07F000000o85q6IAA
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Human Resource personnel, managers, supervisors, team members, and anyone who is interested in improving the individual and group behavior within their organization.
To improve the organizational dynamics in your workplace, you need to start with the individual, which means you need to be able to recognize and work with different individual behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions. In this course, you will learn about variables and characteristics that influence an individual’s behavior, attitudes, and perceptions in the workplace, and how these can affect performance. The course also demonstrates how you can improve the attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors of employees at an individual level within your organization.
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2019-04-24T00:31:26Z
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https://www.knowledgenet.com/it-training/courses/individual-behavior-in-organizations/
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You are being offered mastery – Any Advice for Today?
You are being offered mastery. Please look at that sentence; attempt to feel the meaning it holds for you, and then apply that meaning to any stressful situation you may be experiencing.
The other day you were in conversation with another where the idea of punishment came up, and you couldn’t let go of it. The reason is that you and others think that punishment exists, which it does not. You believe that because of things you have done or because of some karmic response you are being punished. You held misunderstanding of the process.
What is always occurring is that what you wanted to achieve in your life is a state of mastery, so everything that shows up is helping you accomplish your goal; nothing less.
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2019-04-25T20:14:00Z
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http://anyadvicefortoday.com/you-are-being-offered-mastery/
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Your business is growing. Sales are increasing, and your demand has never been higher. This is awesome, and you should take a moment to congratulate yourself. Many entrepreneurs would be jealous of your position.
Before celebrating for to long, you need to prepare yourself to handle the growth. Believe it or not, growing too rapidly can actually cause a business to fail if it is not prepared to scale properly. You have to take steps to handle your growth in a sustainable way or else you could lose everything.
There are some common things that business owners need to consider as their businesses start to take off. These questions can help you to prepare for the future of your business. The following are things to ask yourself when your business is growing.
1. Are you Keeping Track of Financials Properly?
Small business owners can sometimes be bad about tracking their financials. You can get away with this when your business is small. However as your business grows larger, not tracking your financials properly can spell disaster, especially with the IRS.
Understanding the basics of bookkeeping and accounting is essential to understanding your business. You need to know these things to determine profitability, future investments, and tax calculations. If your business is truly growing quickly, then you also need to consider bringing on a CPA to help shoulder the load.
2. Do you Need to Bring on New Employees?
As demand for your business grows, you may need to bring on new employees to handle that demand. Hiring employees is an essential part of strategic growth. Early on in the company’s life, be very thorough in your hiring process. You want someone who will be there to stay through the “ups and downs” of the business. It’s worth it to wait longer for the perfect new hire than to hastily choose a candidate and regret it later on.
The wrong hire can be disastrously costly to a small business. So, you need to make sure you are screening for adequately qualified candidates only. If you run into trouble trying to find the right employee, then you might consider reaching out to a recruiting agency. For example, if you work with medical devices, then you might consider partnering with a company that is specialized as medical device recruiters.
3. Do you Need to Invest in a Human Resources Department?
When a business is small, it really does not make sense to invest heavily in Human Resources. However as you bring on more staff, it becomes important that you do this. You may consider bringing on an HR professional and using a Human Resource Information System (HRIS).
What is an HRIS? An HRIS is a software solution for human resource management. It can help track data that is important to managing your employees effectively, such as birthdays, pay rates, benefits, and more. This can be extremely helpful as your company grows larger and more complicated.
4. Are you Providing Good Customer Service?
Sometimes when a business is growing quickly, customer service starts to suffer. You are handling more and more sales inquiries, and you simply do not have time to be on the phone with existing customers. If you start to provide poor customer service, then this can really hurt you in the long run.
You want your customers to be happy and satisfied with your services. You need to answer and remedy their concerns quickly and professionally. If you are having trouble keeping up with customer service, then it may be time to bring on an employee who understands the keys to good customer service.
It is vitally important that you strategically prepare your business for growth. More sales and more demand are very good things, but you have to be ready to handle them. Failure to be ready for growth can cause your entire business to fail. Ask yourself these questions about your business as you move forward.
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2019-04-18T18:45:39Z
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https://robertjrgraham.com/four-things-to-consider-when-your-business-is-growing/
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At AgVet Energy we are passionate about helping business become commercially clever about energy. With extensive experience of working with rural businesses to identify, evaluate, and implement energy efficient and sustainable energy technologies we have developed The Clever Energy Program.
Having gained many valuable insights from previous projects, The Clever Energy Program is the solution that allows those wishing to make the transition to a more sustainable business model for energy efficiency whilst staying commercially sustainable.
At AgVet Energy we work alongside you, our approach is to integrate with you for the long-term to help you to achieve on-going Energy Efficiency.
With The Clever Energy Program, we start with you.
Initially, we will take the time to understand your goals and objectives so we can ensure we tailor our program delivery to your specific needs. Following a series of diagnostics to identify the current energy usage we create a baseline profile and then build out a recommended approach based on what will work best for you with a range of opportunities and solutions to help get you Energy Clever.
Using our 3 step model for diagnostics, AgVet Energy are able to first identify where you can use less energy, therefore reducing the waste in both energy and money to your business. Next we look at how we can help you to increase your energy efficiency and then how to secure the cheapest renewable energy source to suit your requirements. Once demand and waste have been reduced, The Clever Energy Program will continue to monitor and fine tune the opportunities. As your Energy Partner, we stay with you throughout the process and regularly re-asses performance so new opportunities can be optimised.
Through the program we can also assist with funding applications for grants will allow your organisations to assist in any investments in technology and infrastructure needed to establish Clever Energy Solutions.
If you are ready to get Energy Clever on your dairy farm or join our Dairy Farm workshop, learn more.
If you are ready to get Energy Clever at your school, learn more.
At AgVet Energy we focus on what works for you rather than just finding what’s technically or financially feasible.
If you would like to find out more and explore how we can help you please contact Gabriel Hakim.
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2019-04-20T17:13:40Z
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https://agvetenergy.com.au/clever-energy-program/
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The unusual design of the Milo jug from LSA is what sets it apart from all the others. Having a distinct hole which acts as a handle is a stylish but functional design. This handmade jug is the best glassware for everyday use or special events, adding style to an otherwise ordinary day. Handwash carefully with soapy water.
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2019-04-19T02:26:41Z
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https://luxury-gifts.white-almonds.com/product/lsa-international-milo-jug-white/
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Filter Coffeehouse and Espresso Bar opened in March of 2010 with the intent of sharing truly amazing coffee with Washington, DC. From hand-poured cups of carefully chosen single origin coffees, french pressed offerings in the morning hours, to classic espresso-based drinks, all of Filter's products are chosen and prepared with an uncompromising commitment to quality and service. We are proud to join the small wave of coffeehouses in the DC area who are on the path of bringing the attention back to the main ingredient... Coffee.
What is so special about our coffee, you ask? Our coffees are carefully and artfully roasted by Ceremony Coffee, a local roaster in nearby Annapolis MD. Together we have chosen a select list of varietals that will entice everyone from the coffee novice to the constantly caffeinated coffee lover. We are perpetually on the path of learning about and perfecting each coffee we offer our customers.
Made with our single-origin organic chocolate.
2 shots of espresso and 5 ounces of flat milk.
2 shots of espresso brewed over 5 ounces of hot water.
2 shots of espresso "cut with" 3 ounces of warmed milk.
A great cup of coffee available till 3 PM at our Dupont Location, and all day at Foggy Bottom.
Rotating variety of coffees available.
Brewed with real tea and a blend of spices, steamed with choice of milk, slightly sweetened.
Made with our single-origin crganic chocolate.
An assortment of black, green, and tisane teas.
A variety of croissants, muffins, scones, and things baked and delivered daily.
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2019-04-21T04:52:56Z
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http://filtercoffeehouse.com/
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Air Tractor, in conjunction with the FAA’s Lubbock Flight Standards District Office, is sponsoring an opportunity for A&P mechanics to fulfill the annual training requirements for renewal of their Inspection Authorization (IA). A free Inspection Authorization Renewal Seminar will be held Saturday, March 2, 2019 from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. C.S.T. at the Air Tractor training center at the company’s headquarters in Olney, Texas (ONY).
The FAA Inspection Authorization training is for A&P mechanics with an IA who conduct annual and progressive aircraft inspections and return to service major repairs and/or major alterations to aircraft. The seminar includes eight hours of information addressing airworthiness-related topics, human factors, and/or regulatory and policy guidance.
Attendees will learn from subject matter experts. Presentations include PT6 Engine Maintenance presented by Fletcher Sharp of Covington Aircraft; Overhaul and Repair of PT6 Engine Accessories presented by Greg Stewart of Kansas Aviation; an overview of Air Tractor Service Letters and Bulletins presented by Air Tractor President Jim Hirsch; and information on Maintenance DAR activities presented by Robert Salyers of Pratt & Whitney Canada. Seminar attendees will also have the opportunity to tour the Air Tractor aircraft manufacturing facilities. Attendees must present a government-issued photo ID, such as a driver’s license, for access to the manufacturing plant.
The seminar and lunch for attendees are free of charge. Early registration is strongly recommended, as seats are limited. To RSVP, contact Air Tractor, Inc. at 940-564-5616, ext. 221.
For further details and registration information about the seminar, click here.
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2019-04-24T02:30:26Z
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https://airtractor.com/news/2019/02/faa-and-air-tractor-host-free-inspection-authorization-renewal-seminar/
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Kishiwada City is in southern Osaka. It has developed as a castle town since Kishiwada Castle, also called Chigiri, was built in the 16th century.
It is famous for the Kishiwada Danjiri matsuri Festival held in the fall. The main event of the Danjiri-matsuri Festival is the dashing of the mikoshi, or portable shrine, on a 4-ton wooden cart the wheels of which are called Danjiri and which is pulled by 500 to 1000 men, through the streets of Kishiwada. It is called "yarimawashi". When the mikoshi turns the corner at full speed, it is a most powerful and exciting scene to watch.
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2019-04-22T03:04:03Z
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http://www.tokyojournal.com/component/content/article/70-travel-video-library/306-osaka-the-danjiri-festival-kishiwada.html
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Corrections about details of this institutions should be sent to Christian Zimmermann. Corrections about the member listing should be made by the members themselves by adjusting their affiliations at the RePEc Author Service. Adding or correcting alumni is done at the RePEc Genealogy by anyone with a RePEc author account. Serials from this institution can be added with the Publisher-Institution: RePEc:edi:sabeeea line in the series template of their RePEc archive. If there is no local RePEc archive, follow these instructions to create one to have the local publications listed on RePEc services.
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2019-04-20T09:05:20Z
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https://edirc.repec.org/data/sabeeea.html
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Eight new residential design trends turned heads at the annual Best in American Living Awards (BALA), presented by the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) at the 2012 International Builder's Show. One of the most-buzzed-about was a changing approach to "the family triangle." The term refers to the three activities and spaces that generally draw families together: cooking (kitchen), eating (dining room), and relaxation (living/family/great room). The latest approach creates spaces that link these activities, as a traditional great room would, while also allowing private nooks.
The family triangle continues the movement away from formal, compartmentalized space toward more open living. One of the judges, Heather McCune, Marketing Director for Bassenian Lagoni Architects of Newport Beach, CA, said demand for such spaces is strong across all buyer profiles, in all regions of the country.
But the family triangle is more than just a big room. It modifies the conventional open floor plan by including "different areas for different tasks and levels of comfort," says Amy Martino, principal of Building Site Synergy, an architectural firm in Media, PA. "It should be able to accommodate large groups, but should also feel comfortable if just one person is in the room." For instances, eliminating the living room and adding a flex space or den near the kitchen and family room allows for privacy when needed, but let's family members in different parts of the space easily interact with one another.
McCune isn't surprised at this trend. In fact, she sees adaptable spaces as a sign of the times. "We're looking to shrink the home's overall footprint, while allocating space in the home so it lives bigger. It seem natural in a post-recessionary period."
To help the home live bigger, a plan that emphasizes the family triangle will eliminate spaces that aren't needed and more practical touches to spaces that are. Case in point: don't count on hallways sticking around. "The spaces that people never use are gone." says McCune.
What you're more likely to see is a kitchen island with lots of convenient storage and an island sink that faces the living space. The expansive island provides useful workspace for one or more cooks, while also creating a "safe zone" that separates the cook from children and guests. When no one is cooking, the island can also serve as a place to study or work on a project. Incorporating varying counter heights makes the island comfortable for family members and guests of different ages, heights and levels of ability.
A nearly universal element of the family triangle? "Some kind of kitchen command center," says McCune. Often a small dedicated desk area works as a place for bill paying or where children can do homework.
One challenge when designing a family triangle revolves around how to create small pockets of relative privacy in the midst of all that space. According to Martino, designers use architectural elements like ceiling treatments, columns and softfits to create distinct zones for reading, working or simply relaxing, while also retaining the openness of the overall space.
Lighting plays an extremely important role, too. Different levels of lighting with dimmers can accommodate different tasks and completely change the room's ambience. Layered lighting - overhead, sconces, accent lighting, task lighting, and specialty lighting such as a chandelier or colorful pendant - can be adjusted, used separately, or as a group to create a sense of place within the space.
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2019-04-25T04:23:08Z
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https://www.tshopinc.com/blog/the-great-room-evolves
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Jason Ockert is the author of Rabbit Punches (Low Fidelity Press, 2006), a collection of short stories. His work has been included in New Stories from the South, Best American Mystery Stories, and many journals. He teaches at Coastal Carolina University.
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2019-04-23T13:02:35Z
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https://ecotonemagazine.org/ecotone-authors/jason-ockert/
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The Towers family have been farming dairy cows at Brades Farm in the beautiful Lune Valley in Lancashire since 1960. Their hard work ensures that the welfare of their cows is put at the forefront of everything they do and all their milk is fully traceable and environmentally sustainable.
Their Jersey/Holstein milk has a higher protein and fat content than regular whole milk and is not homogenised which makes it ideal for coffee making; it retains all it’s good qualities and improves texture and taste.
We worked with Joe Towers and his family on developing the brand identity, responsive website and packaging, in addition to preparing marketing and PR for the launch of their delicious premium barista milk.
With the launch at London Coffee Festival, in collaboration with one of London’s leading dairy suppliers Allan Reeder, being such a huge success Brades Farm then produced a range of creams aimed at professional chefs.
Winner of Innovators of the Year at the British Farming Awards 2017.
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2019-04-21T10:43:31Z
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https://www.hotfootdesign.co.uk/client-work/brades-farm/
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Truly painful horror movie. For die hards only.
There are no featured reviews for Eerie Midnight Horror Show at this time.
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2019-04-19T14:38:13Z
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https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/eerie_midnight_horror_show
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Winners of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Awards for 1992 are given. AT&T's Transmission Systems Business Unit and Texas Instruments' Defense Systems and Electronics Group is the winner in the manufacturing category. AT&T's Universal Card Services and the Ritz Carlton Hotel Co are the winners in the service category. Granite Rock Co won the small business category award. The awards were created by Congress in 1987 to promote the value of total quality management and as a reward to American companies achieving excellence in quality control.
Telephone and telegraph apparatus, Electronic computers, Subdividers and developers, not elsewhere classified, Electronic Components and Accessories, Hotels and motels, Management services, Short-term business credit, Cut stone and stone products, Brick, stone, & related materials, Dimension stone, Telecommunications equipment industry, Sand, gravel and stone industry, Sand and gravel industry, Stone industry, Credit and debit card industry, Credit card industry, Texas Instruments Inc., Total quality management, Military electronics industry, Ritz Carlton Hotel Company L.L.C., 1992 AD, AT&T Network Services, AT&T Universal Card Services Corp., Granite Rock Co.
Three electronics firms were awarded the 1991 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Awards for improvements in total quality management among US companies. Marlow Industries is a Dallas, TX-based company that manufactures customized thermoelectric coolers. Solectron Corp produces printed circuit boards and subsytems for the computer and electronics industry, and also offers assembly services. Zytec Corp makes ac and dc power supplies for electronic equipment.
Misc. Electrical Equipment & Supplies, Electrical & Electronics NEC, Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing, Electronic components, not elsewhere classified, Environmental controls, Electrical industrial apparatus, not elsewhere classified, Electric equipment, Electronics industry, Solectron Corp., 1991 AD, Zytec Corp., Marlow Industries Inc.
The Semiconductor Industry Assn has reported an increased improvement in the integrated circuits made for miltary applications in the US. Defects in the circuits have been detected at an average of 100 parts per million (ppm), and is steadily declining. Efforts to improve quality have led to an average of less than 100 ppm, an effect of production and testing methods employing total quality management.
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2019-04-21T06:14:18Z
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http://www.readabstracts.com/Engineering-and-manufacturing-industries/Five-Baldrige-Awards-in-year-five-Electronics-firms-capture-Baldrige.html
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A new season maybe encourages some employees to look for a new start. For some reason the advent of Spring seems to herald an increase in employment high court litigation cases relating to breach of restrictive covenants or theft of confidential information. Indeed Spring can be high season for Springboard injunctions! These injunctions can be a powerful tool for companies worried about an ex-employee taking away valuable business in circumstances where restrictive covenants are not as good as they might be or simply don’t exist. They require an employer to point to wrongdoing by the employee whilst employed which then gives them an unfair competitive advantage in their new endeavour. The court can prevent the employee from working in this competitive endeavour for a period of time (e.g. 6 or 12 months) to try to counteract the competitive advantage. A useful and quite common form of employee wrongdoing is the theft of confidential information.
What employees often forget (and this is something which is even more important if they are senior) is that material that they use at work is very likely to belong to their employer and is often confidential. A recent case against Sunderland Association Football Club Limited is a helpful reminder to companies about what constitutes confidential information and what sort of behaviour is and is not acceptable in terms of emails sent whilst an employee of a company.
It is not a defence for an employee to say that they were “banking” confidential information for use in future litigation or for assistance with job-seeking. Michael Farnan tried to email examples of work he had done with Sunderland Association Football Club to his wife’s email address. His main role was to try to obtain shirt sponsorship for the 2012/13 football season. On 3 April 2013 he acknowledged in an email to one of the Directors at Sunderland that it “looks like my time is up” and prosaically announced “I done my best”! He emailed a football agent later that evening a presentation he had prepared whilst at SAFC. The court considered this confidential information and found he did not have a right to do this. It also useful to note that the court did not think the Club could object to emails forwarding documents for printing when it had been agreed that the employee would often work away from the offices. Other emails informing Michael Farnan’s wife of developments at work were considered trivial and not serious breaches. However, an email enclosing board minutes was clearly a serious breach of the duty to keep confidential information confidential.
Theft of confidential information is considered a serious matter by the courts and can lead to significant sanctions, not to mention significant legal fees in enforcing those sanctions. Individuals planning start-ups in competition with their previous employer can be broken and put out of business if they get this wrong. It can therefore be a powerful weapon. If you suspect that an employee has been sending emails either to himself or herself or to a member of their family it is worth checking whether permission had been given for this behaviour and whether the information was truly confidential. The Sunderland case is a useful reminder of how a judge is likely to look at such behaviour.
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2019-04-20T08:16:44Z
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https://www.gqlittler.com/resources/news-and-views/springboards-in-spring.htm
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Data broker LexisNexis said Tuesday that personal information may have been stolen on 310,000 U.S. citizens, or nearly 10 times the number found in a data breach announced last month.
"We need to write to them and offer the same kind of support and investigation we offered the original 32,000," a Reed Elsevier spokeswoman said.
"Of the original group, it's somewhat encouraging that none of them has suffered identity theft."
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2019-04-25T19:45:28Z
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https://linuxsecurity.com/news/hackscracks/lexisnexis-data-on-310000-people-feared-stolen
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3B Anthony Rendon and DH Matt Adams homered for Washington. ... Yankees SS Troy Tulowitzki homered off RHP Anibal Sanchez. ... Sanchez plunked 3B Miguel Andujar in the chest in the second; Andujar remained in the game until the fourth. ... RHP Aaron Barrett pitched in the sixth for Washington; a series of injuries and operations, including Tommy John surgery, have kept him out of the majors since 2015. ... Martinez said RHP Jeremy Hellickson will begin the season as a long man in the bullpen, because a spread-out schedule allows Washington to use a four-man rotation early.
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2019-04-23T18:19:49Z
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https://www.apnews.com/cc27b1f5f06a4295b888133e81b5c733
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I made a card using the JessicaLynnOriginal "Sydney" image... she's so cute! I love her. Of course, I love a lot of the JessicaLynnOriginal stamps/images. If you haven't been to her online store lately, you should check it out... HERE.
I just recently learned that Gerda Steiner Designs has a monthly challenge featuring one of their images. And the participants all get the next month's challenge simply for participating. This month's image is an adorable bunny with a carrot. He made me think of Easter, so I made a card complete with Easter designer paper.
The sponsor - All Dressed Up - provided images for the design team's use as well as a prize for a lucky participant. THANK YOU!
Be sure to participate for a chance to win the prize!
Sue is the hostess of the Baker's Dozen cardmaking group this month. She sent us a fun set of goodies to play with (THANK YOU, Sue!) - embossed paper, designer paper, ribbon, pearls, and punched flowers... and encouraged us to add our own sentiments/images if we wanted to do so. I loved her comment - "just have fun!!" So I did.
I love making cards with JessicaLynnOriginal stamps - so today I have a card to show you that I made with one of her wonderful digital stamps: Stompy Elephant.
Stompy sure is a handsome fellow, isn't he?
On Fridays I reflect on my week and post some of the highlights (and sometimes low points, too) here on my blog.
This week has been busy - in good ways.
We had our mid-year meeting of our association of 26 churches on Monday. It was the first one since my husband became the Director of Missions and I thought it went very well. Our state Executive Director was the guest speaker and he motivated us well.
I've also worked on the writing assignment that I had looming - our national women's missions organization commissioned me to write four blog posts that will appear on their blog in July. I am excited to say that I've completed all four articles. YAY!
I've made 23 cards this week. WOW! I don't usually make that many cards in a week.
I've added some things to my stamping inventory on Evernote, still in my quest to get everything uploaded there.
And perhaps one of the most exciting things for me (since I absolutely love to organize) is that I started organizing all of my dies.
It began with an ebay purchase... I bought 500 outdated magnet calendars HERE.
That box was sure heavy!!!
I think he said it weighed 40 pounds.
I am still undecided on how I'll organize them in the crate. I know I will label the categories to make them easier to find. And of course I'll have a Dies Notebook in Evernote. But I don't know if I want to organize them strictly by company in the crate, or if I want to categorize them... things like "Borders" - "Nestabilities" - "Words" - etc.
Truthfully, I'm leaning toward categories and then in alphabetical order by company within each category, but I am not completely convinced yet. If you'd like, give me your thoughts. It might help me decide.
March is quickly coming to an end so I decided it was way past time to make my card for this month's "From the Heart" challenge. Each month that a person participates, she will receive the next month's image free... so I sure didn't want to miss out on that. Besides, this month's image set (Digging Dog) is just too cute.
There are so many sentiments to choose from!
It's an absolutely adorable set!!!
Each month I receive a mysterious envelope in the mail. It's from one of the Mystery Image gals (a different one each month) - who sends an image to all of us to use in making a card. Then we mail the card to a specified member of the group. Imke keeps us so well organized. And we have fun!
This month Joanna was the hostess - THANK YOU Joanna for great images (and bonus die cuts) to use this month.
Do you ever try to make a card... and can't seem to get it to look right? I had one of those experiences lately, so I thought I'd show you my trial/error journey to happiness.
This card was actually made for a swap group I'm in that also requires matching envelopes, so I stamped a bit of the image on my envelope, too... and added a touch of ink to the edge.
Goodness! I sure own a lot of Embossing Folders................... I don't even want to tell you how many! And I very VERY rarely use one. So... when I found out the new challenge at One Stitch at a Time is "Anything Goes with Embossing" I knew it was going to be a great opportunity to dust off an embossing folder and have some fun.
Nothing is more fun than Christmas, right?
Image: StitchyBear Digi Outlet "Christmas Lights"
It's just one of the many things to love about the JessicaLynnOriginal stamp set that is being launched today - if you love Bulldogs, you're going to love this set!
Ever Have a Morning Like This?
Have a Double Bubble Day!
Happy Birthday Sugar Pea Designs!
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2019-04-19T07:29:26Z
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https://www.cre8tiveplay.com/2016/03/
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As there are many choices, sometimes you’ve just got to take the easy way to easily finalise your dinner plans; look into the mirror and ask, “Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is fairest of them all?” de Silveren Spiegel (translated in English to The Silver Mirror) is the winner.
Michelin worthy de Silveren Spiegel offers contemporary Dutch cuisine prepared by talented young chef Yves van der Hoff, whose father, Jim van der Hoff owns the place. (That’s Chef Yves in the photo above). We set off for our first Dutch Dinner in Amsterdam.
Our little hotel is pretty much in the redlight district so our walk to dinner is …well…..interesting! The small lanes are fascinating as are the various window displays.
The canals are so pretty and we cross several as we take our long leisurely stroll to dinner. Demrak Canal in the central area is wide and the tall colourful buildings are beautiful. I love how they are all a little crooked and then their colourful reflection, in the canal water, is distorted to be even more wobbly. After taking several photos we continue on, me daydreaming about making a little Ipad painting later.
Finally we arrive at our destination, de Silveren Spiegel. We are in a quiet pretty leafy road and across the way is a gorgeous little building that is so old it is bowed in the middle and leans casually to the left like an icecream cone that has started to melt in the heat. The facade is dappled with soft shadows from big leafy trees and the side walk out the front has several pretty little tables sitting under big market umbrellas. This looks very promising.
We are seated at one of the little outside tables and order a little glass of bubbles to start while we ponder the menu. Francisca our bubbly and wonderful hostess, explains the tasting menu options which sound fascinating and we decide on the 5 course option. We ask about wine and Francisca arranges for Harry to come and talk to us about options. She explains that it is her husband Jim who plans the wine cellar and knows the most about the wine. We realise now that this is a family restaurant. We chat a little more her and soon discover that the head chef is her very young son. How wonderful, a whole family affair.
Harry a sharply dressed guy with a big smile is full of energy and enthusiasm as he talks about our wine options. We often enjoy a wine pairing experience but we decide to keep it simple tonight and select a nice Grand Cru Chablis from Bourgogne. Harry is pleased at my love’s choice. It is apparently perfect for the Menu.
I feel so relaxed sitting in this gorgeously calm environment. I love all the lovely well considered touches. Big vases of glorious red gladioli, the table laid with pretty blue and white plates and Riedel glasses. I’m quite excited to try traditional Dutch food and here feels like a place that is genuinely celebrating being Dutch.
Our first course arrives and wow! Far from being a quaint, family, homestyle cooked meal we are blown away to see a Michelin star quality fine dining dish in front of us. Amsterdam’s Oxen Sausage is very pretty dish, plated on a beautifully textured black plate the surface of which looks like caviar pressed into the glaze. A golden cylinder is snuggled into delicately scattered nasturtium leaves and petals. It is so visually appealing to me – I was expecting sausage and here I have a light, airy, feminine dish. Ok so it looks amazing – how is it going to taste? This is a very young lad in the kitchen. Incredible! The crispy crunch of the tube gives way to tender pink very flavoursome meat. The peppery nasturtium and Amsterdam pickle a perfectly balanced accompaniment.
Now I am really excited – I have realised that tonight is going to be far more special than I had imagined.
Next Scallops Saint Jacques, this time a pretty black bowl provides a stunning background for the delicately cooked scallops. Fascinatingly the chef has included a small portion of slow cooked, melt in the mouth beef on the plate and dressed with a light airy elderflower and champagne sauce. Intellectually I’m a bit confused by this dish with vasty different cooking techniques for each of the elements. But weirdly when a little of the slow cooked beef and the quickly treated fresh delicate scallop goes into my mouth, it is a marriage made in heaven.
So the sleepy relaxed thing has now passed and I am tuned in! Eyes wide with wonder, all my senses are now geared up with the excitement of what is coming next.
Out of the blackness and into the light, the next dish is bright and enticing in a wide brimmed deep white bowl. Mussels with fennel, celery, polenta. The sauce light, creamy and foamy is fresh and light in mouth feel but deeply warm in its aniseed flavour. Again an incredibly clever clever flavour combination. Individual elements gorgeous, the whole of the plate exquisite.
It is time for a little glass of red in anticipation of our next dish – Dutch beef loin. We are back to the black plate,which I have to say i just love. As a painter I love, love, love working out of a black canvas. It is a less is more philosophy that leaves space for the imagination of the viewer to influence their interpretation of the work in a way that makes it theirs.
A very generous portion of beef loin is sliced and presented on a wide dark plate. A perfectly smooth and rich potato fondant accompanies the beef with delicate elements of bell pepper and chanterelle mushroom. A rich shiny veal jeau glazes the dish sparingly. Just enough to beautifully balance the dish. The texture of this dish is exquisite, each bite simply dissolves in my mouth leaving a rich velvet memory, like savory chocolate.
We take a moment to breathe trying to catch up with the whirlwind of surprize we have just experienced. Our dessert course is next and Harry is pleased to find us a little something to wash it down!
Oh such a pretty plate, a powder blue glossy ceramic canvas provides the perfect backdrop for our lemon tartlet. A gorgeous little lemon tart is nestled on a crumbled crunchy base along with a chocolate mousse, raspberries and a perfect quenelle of yogurt icecream. The delightful and clever details of crisp meringue sprinkled with raspberry dust and a perfectly clear and delicately bubbled toffee crisp finish a very special dish.
Throughout our meal we have thoroughly enjoyed chatting with both Harry and Francisca. Their energy is contagious, such enthusiasm and pride in their establishment and what they are doing here. Francisca is a very proud mum, she tells us about her son Yves. He is only 22 years old and his team is also very young. I am so amazed that such a young man has been able to create such elegant, complex and deeply creative dishes. Francisca grabs my hand, please come and meet him. She takes me through the restaurant down to the pass, Yves appears and shakes my hand smiling the same highly energised smile as his mum. I can see the other kids in the kitchen and again I am speechless. I feel real joy here, and as a mum, the love of this mother for her child is palpable.
Finally we tear ourselves away to take a beautiful evening walk home. Well to our hotel, but for me home these days is very much wherever my love and I happen to have parked our suitcases. It is for me a feeling of freedom of being completely settled and centred no matter where I am, where we are together.
I learnt in Paris that walking is one of the best ways to understand and feel a place. Second only to eating. To sit at someone’s table and be introduced to their cuisine is simply the best way to feel their essence and the soul of the place you are in.. Today we walked through the center of Amsterdam and then had the privilege of sitting in the van der Hoff home where their young lad blew our minds.
A spectacular introduction to Amsterdam, the walk home is so beautiful, stars above reflecting on the pretty canals as we cross them on our way back to our hotel. I feel as high as a kite and I haven’t even stopped in at a “coffee” shop!
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2019-04-24T17:47:42Z
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https://georgie.cc/de-silveren-spiegel-enchants/
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The 33 RDP Dean A. Frigo Foundation is busy making plans for the seventh annual “Runnin With The Devils” 5K Run/Walk, which will be run on August 3rd, 2013. This 7th annual run walk has grown each year and is a big success because of the support of our sponsors. The support of our sponsors is what helps us continue to direct a high caliber event that has become an event that has show-cased Lowell’s community, and community spirit. Your potential sponsorship of this event will ensure its continued presence and visibility in the town of Lowell.
What would it cost to have your business’s name on 600 moving billboards? Because that is what your sponsorship of the 33 RDP Dean A. Frigo Foundation 5K Run/Walk, PROMOTION OF YOUR BUSINESS!!! Not only do you get your companies name on the back of our race t-shirt, you get your company name listed on our web site, and advertising through our coveted race “Schwag” Bag. You get to put coupons, business cards, flyers, whatever you want to promote your business in the race package that each runner/walker receives. What better way to promote your business in the community than helping the kids in our community?
The 33 RDP Dean A. Frigo Foundation has given out over $35K in scholarship money as well as being a booster club supporter and a High School Athletic corporate sponsor.
Please take time to review the attached sheets, and feel free to visit our web site at www.33rdpfrigofoundation.org for all sponsorship information about our organization and our race. We would also appreciate your questions or comments regarding your company’s interest in participating as one of our race sponsors. Please feel free to fill out the enclosed sponsorship form at your earliest convenience. Or e-mail us at info@33rdpfrigofoundation.org, or call me personally at 219-306-5495 expressing your interest. I will get back to you with additional details and information.
Course: The race starts on Bel Aire by Dairy Queen and loops around the scenic rural north side of Lowell and finishes at Lowell High School.
Organizers: After a tragic accident took Dean Frigo’s Life in 2006 a scholarship fund was set up in his name at Lowell High School. Dean was a popular student athlete who was loved and admired by everyone whose life he touched. The 33 RDP Dean A. Frigo Foundation was established in 2007 to advance one of Dean’s motto’s “paying it forward”. To date the 33 RDP Dean A. Frigo Foundation has paid out over $40,000 in scholarships and school activities.
Participants: Our event hosts over 700 competitors and their family and friends, in addition to nearly 100 volunteers, plus spectators, which help make our event a success.
Amenities: All participants receive a “Swag” Bag, which contains a t-shirt and a list of all sponsors and other cool stuff. Sponsors are also encouraged to put in an add, or a coupon good for their business, even pens, pencils, or water bottles or other promotional item if you chose to promote your business that way. Trophies go to the overall men and women’s winners, 1st, 2nd, and third place in all age group categories, and 1st, 2nd, and third place to team categories.
Beneficiaries: THE 33 RDP Dean A. Frigo Foundation has paid out over $40,000 to Lowell High School seniors and middle school 8th graders through our scholarship programs. We have also sponsored High School events such as Dollars For Devils, High School Corporate sponsorship, and other events that help the children of Lowell.
Advertising: The 33 RDP Dean A. Frigo Foundation in addition to advertising through race applications, flyers and other promotional items throughout the region. Maintains it’s own web site (this one)!! We are also a gold cup race through the Calumet Region Striders Running Club, Running World Magazine and Road ID.
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2019-04-23T12:17:26Z
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http://33rdpfrigofoundation.org/5K_Sponsorship.html
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Search engine marketing is one area of advertising that companies are becoming more involved with. As the name suggests, this side of digital marketing focuses on driving a business’ site to the top of the search results around relevant target phrases — from corporate keywords like ‘personalised travel mugs’ to more fashion-focused targets like ‘dresses’. As a result, this can increase brand exposure and site traffic while improving sales figures.
As well as dibond sign print advertising, business merchandise has not taken a backseat since the sprout in popularity of online promotions. Brand image has never been more important for businesses and shouldn’t be ignored — as a result, more companies are making investments in personalised products that represent what they stand for. Whether this is to help them externally, with the likes of outdoor banners, or internally for your office with the likes of customised calendars.
When looking closer to news publications,many of them still offer printed versions of their product — blurring the line between print and digital.With an understanding of the influence they have online, they’ve been able to merge two channels together and to distribute stories to a wider audience.
Near field communication is another area that should be furtherlooked into when it comes to the relationship between online and offline platforms. Essentially, near field communication is a type of technology thathas the ability toconnect two smart devices — often with the help of a print medium. For example, a section of a poster can be tapped with a mobile phone which will then take the user to the ecommerce site for a specific product.
Digital companies use print marketing: fact!
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2019-04-26T13:52:46Z
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http://www.rabidgeek.net/2019/02/04/in-a-digital-age-how-can-print-digital-marketing-interact-together/
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The Thrifty Groove: Summer fun ~ Yard Sales!!
Summer fun ~ Yard Sales!!
Yard sales, the ultimate summer fun activity for us thrifters! However, it seems that with the economy down, the prices are rising even at yard sales. It is insanity I tell ya. If you are a yard sale seller, you can't expect to us to pay some high price just because that is what you bought it for or that is what some one on Ebay priced it at. If your junk was that valuable to you, you wouldn't have set it out on your lawn in the first place!
And the people who are buying are trying to stretch their dollars since their income has decreased. If we walk up to your yard sale and the first thing we see and pick up is the owl picture you bought back in 1980 from Home Interiors and it has a price tag on it of $5.00 or higher, we are turning around and walking back to our truck and heading to the next sale.
Another thing...what is up with the no pricing items lately? I go to a store and I expect to see a price tag on the items. I go to a yard sale, I expect to see things priced. I HATE to ask how much is this or that. You can feel the seller "sizing you up". Wondering just how high they can go. What is this? A used car lot? I will generally walk away and if approached by the yard sale seller, I tell them straight out that I am leaving because nothing is priced. Then the infamous statement comes out of their mouths, "Make me an offer". Well, here is the deal. you say that to me and I am going to say, "Fine I will take it all for a dime". Hello? What did you expect me to say?
Once in awhile, after many yard sale stops, I hit upon THE seller! The one that has cleaned out their unwanted items, hopes to make a little spending money but, really doesn't want to have to haul it to the trash. These folks are movin' their stuff!
Last week, I found just such a seller. She had tables marked "Everything on this table is.....". She had several different tables with different price points. The highest priced items were $4.00 and there were only 2 items at that price.
And these are the goodies I came home with.
Ya know I love my serving pieces and the more vintage or unusal, the better! I got this solid wood food serving piece for a buck!! How totally cool is this!
Now my favorite find of the day was this BEAUTIFUL Gail Pittman pitcher!! LOVE,LOVE, LOVE it! The blues and greens are just gorgeous! and there is absolutely no flaw to be found! This beauty was $1.00!!!
I really like these ironstone mugs. They are going to our trailer. I do think it is a shame that they were made in China though. They were each .25 cents.
I hope you are having a wonderful and thrifty weekend!
I have a giveaway going on! Don't forget to enter HERE for a chance to win the 18x24 poster!! TONIGHT IS THE LAST NIGHT TO ENTER (SUNDAY)!!
Now check out more summer fun posts at these great parties!
Thank you for saying what so many of us are feeling! I do the same thing... I walk up assess the situation, seller, stuff and leave if I do not feel the power of the sale.
I even some times..."Gasp" do a drive by to get a feeling, I might circle back around and get out, but giving it the once over for curb appeal.
I have been to two sales lately where the items were priced higher than Home Goods, Marshall's or TJ Max Prices. Sorry... I just left and the sellers commented on my speedy exit, I informed them their prices were too high and though the items were nice, they were not nice enough to pay four or five times my flinching point.
Love the things you got at the sale. That service piece is to die for! Perfect for nuts, candies or just about anything.
I am so with you on the yard sales and the prices. The sale I got the milk glass fan vase was awful! The ladies were just chatting away and when I had to ask a price they did the same 'sizing' up and the prices were way high. I saw the vase and the man in the house is the one who said 1/2 off the marked $3 so I bought that. Of course the one yard sale was not priced and most everything was 50 cents...so who knows. Still it's crazy what people want for their junk. (mini rant) SO!!! I love that wooden server that is so awesome.
Really wanted this gift ... but no point in sending emails, Brazil is so far!
You got such a steal on that pitcher! I know for a fact that retails at $40! I am having a yard sale tomorrow and I have items color-coded (yellow tags 50cents, etc). I must admit I do have some things $5 and I have lots of big toys and furniture more than that! I hope someone feels like they hit the jackpot with mine!! I must admit though, I don't think I could have parted with that pitcher for $1.
Hi Diann...gotta love these garage sales, thrift sale, estate sale parties. That pitcher just was it for me...for a buck...what a steal! Looks like you had a wonderful day indeed....and when you have your morning coffee out of your new mugs....makes a girl proud! Thanks for joining in on the party. Enjoy!!~ Debbiedoos.
Great finds...I have a question I'm moving back to USA and really getting into this whole flea market thing but I'm wondering for garage sales how much to you bring in cash and do you try to always have small change with you? And do you say okay this week I'm only spending $10 ?
I always love seeing what you find. I think it is ironic that the American Living mugs were made in China...but I am not surprised.
We are getting ready for a garage sale...I despise pricing things (yes, I am one of those) but I am doing it this time because now that I am a more avid treasure hunter I prefer it that way too!
You have found some great bargains. I like the little leaf dish, so compact.
My aunt and I used to go to yard sales all the time. I'm talking 25 years ago. People would do just like you said, no prices, and when you asked they would say $10. We'd jump in the car and speed away. I really dislike a yard sale with no prices. Yes it is a pain to do, but it is better then making up the prices as you go. Your best customer is going to be the early morning arrivals. I have not had a yard sale in a lot of years, but I guess we will do one when we move. Thanks for all of the insights.
GREAT finds, Diann! Love that pitcher! Raining like crazy this morning so there will be no yard sales for me this weekend. Maybe a trip to GW and I have some thrifty projects around the house to occupy me. Have a great weekend!
I like how that wooden server fans out to look like a flower...love the colors of the little pitcher.
I am another that doesn't like to find nothing marked at a yard sale...I just turn around and walk away. I also hate yard sales that have nothing but clothing.
Dianne! Great finds!!! I will be posting some new stuff I got today at the yard sales , maybe later tonight.
Diann- Thank you for voicing what so many of us feel. We try to be polite, after all we are technically in someone else's home, even if it is their garage or driveway, but as invited guests we need to be shown courtesy as well.
It is better to get something for their items (in most cases) than to donate them or send them to landfill. I'm all about donating to charities, but if one decides to have a sale, do it the right way.
From reading thrifting and great find blogs I am expanding what I look for at sales. Nice to break out of my narrow hunting groove, but getting more expensive. Even at 50 cents an item, it adds up too quickly.
Fortunately today I hit a charitable event with a bag sale. Hope to be showing off my treasures soon.
You scored big with your pitcher and nut/candy trivet. I would call it 1950's.
Stopping by from debbiedoos party! I have seen those Gail Pitman pieces at Southern Living parties and they are expensive!! I can't believe it was only $1! That is awesome!
Man, you did good! I have to get myself out there tag saleing again. I haven't gone since last summer. It is always amazing to see what you come up with. I love the pitcher and can't wait to see what you do with that wooden server. It could be wonderful filled with jewelry.
Thanks so much for coming and joining "Summer Sundays"!
Amen sister! A yard sale is to get RID of your junk, not make a living! I had one seller actually turn his back to me and continue talking on the phone. I threw the item down and walked off. His loss not mine. You got some great deals!
I am new to blogging, but I hear so much about thrift shopping that everytime I have passed a yard sale I have thought I need to stop. Glad you found such fun things. I am going to stop next time.
You got some great treasures!
The early bird certainly does catch the worm when it comes to yard sales... and so does the savy shopper! Good for you!
I love that wood thing. I was at a garage sale a few weeks ago and the lady wanted $18 for 3 Target looking throw pillows and $26 for a little cloth purse.I think she must have been high!
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2019-04-22T20:07:38Z
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http://www.thethriftygroove.com/2010/06/summer-fun-yard-sales.html?showComment=1277045542438
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Oh Flanders! Yesterday was one of the biggest days of the women’s cycling calendar, the Ronde van Vlaanderen, and I still can’t believe I got to commentate it! I have always wanted to watch it live, of course, and last year we came so close – but this year I saw the last 40km from the commentary box on the finish-line at Oudenaarde, so I could be biased when I say this was a hugely thrilling edition – but really, this had so much drama, fantastic racing, and a really interesting tactical decision I think we’ll be talking about for ages.
Here’s the full replay, with commentary from Rochelle Gilmore and me. You can’t watch it from Belgium, I’m afraid, and you may need to be logged into facebook – but if you can, please give it the hits – not because it’s me, but because it’s the official stream, and demonstrating the audience really makes a difference.
There’s also an unofficial video here, for people not in Belgium/without facebook.
Dan and I podcasted about what it was like commentating the race, with photos I took on my twitter.
There’ll be more videos to come, which I’ll edit in (and please do share anything else you see, in the comments below or on my twitter) and I have a load of great photo galleries and race reports – I definitely recommend reading these because the post-race quotes are great.
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2019-04-22T01:06:39Z
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https://prowomenscycling.com/tag/gracie-elvin/
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Optimisation of gold and copper production at its Gedabek site, in particular the performance of its agitation leach plant, to ensure maximum production at lowest possible cost.
Optimisation of flotation processing at its Gedabek site to exploit the copper content of the ore.
Increase of its production profile by identifying further resources and reserves in proximity of the Gedabek mine within the 300 square kilometre licence area.
Exploration of the Ordubad site with the aim of increasing the Company’s resource base and assessing production opportunities.
The Company will also look to develop the 900 square kilometre additional licences it holds in the occupied territories when the political situation permits.
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2019-04-25T19:43:46Z
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http://www.angloasianmining.com/about_us/group_strategy/
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The dental office reinvented. Conservative, minimally invasive dentistry from a local Playa Vista resident. Easily book your appointment with our general or board certified pediatric dentist online at https://siliconbeach.dental or call us directly at 310-929-7200.
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2019-04-21T15:01:33Z
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http://mannyvista.com/business-highlight-silicon-beach-dental/
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The temptation to criticise one's political allies exists because criticism can help individuals derive personal advantage, either within the group or by forming temporary alliances outside the group. Refraining from criticising your allies is a strategy of deferring or sacrificing individual benefits for the good of the group. But Republicans are supposed to be individualists! Democrats are supposed to believe in collective action for the good of the group. And yet Democrats are perfectly awful at collective action. Democrats are constantly undercutting their presidents; liberals have been lukewarm and quick to turn on Carter, Clinton and Obama, and no Republican president has ever faced the kind of fury from his base that the left directed at LBJ.
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2019-04-25T06:20:54Z
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https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2010/02/thou-shalt-not-vote-with-a-democrat/190474/
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Map Of Virginia BeachPicture Gallery Websitevirginia Beach is just one of the many collections of Certificate Template Example Reference that we have on this website. We have a lot of Sample Certificate Template Example or Letter Template and any other things concerning in this website. We're not just providing info about , but , you can get a lot more reference to create your Template Example or Letter Template as well. So , don't forget to keep visiting States Map with Cities to get the latest update about Sample Template Example or Letter Template and more.
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States Map with Cities, Map Of Us With Interstates was posted August 5, 2018 at 7:41 am by States Map with Cities . More over Map Of Us With Interstates has viewed by 2833 visitor.
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2019-04-20T18:36:39Z
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http://libertaddeeleccion.org/map-of-virginia-beach/map-of-virginia-beachpicture-gallery-websitevirginia-beach/
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Four new buildings totaling 185,000 SF at the Standard Equipment Company (SEC) Energy Products & Services corporate headquarters complex in northwest Houston.
The main building is a 54,000 SF pre-engineered metal warehouse and office facility with elevator and three motorized overhead doors. The other three are crane-served metal buildings for servicing equipment and include a total of 15 bridge cranes and numerous motorized overhead doors. The buildings also include break rooms, offices and continuous translucent wall lighting. The structures rest on slab-on-grade foundations that include perimeter grade beams and 12-foot-deep belled piers.
The scope of work also included site preparation, enhanced electrical service, concrete aprons for each building, and exterior lighting.
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2019-04-20T14:45:12Z
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https://www.satpon.com/sec-energy-products-plant-expansion/
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Novibra spindles can be supplied with a wide range of cutting and clamping crowns. Starting from the traditional steel cutter to modern crowns providing doffing without underwinding.
New generation of clamping crown introduce genuine doffing without underwinding. Can be supplied with a new machine or as an upgrade for existing machine. The crown works automatically depending on the spindle speed change, no significant adjustment on the machine needed.
Clamping crown designed especially for Rieter ring spinning frames introduce genuine doffing without underwinding. Operated mechanically by ring rail of the ring spinning machine.
Heavy duty clamping crown enables doffing without underwinding also for coarser counts. This state-of-the-art clamping crown features all benefits of CROCOdoff enlarging its range of application.
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2019-04-22T07:10:33Z
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https://www.rieter.com/en/products/components/ring-and-compact-spinning/clamping-crowns-for-spindles/
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Aircraft hydraulic systems can be a challenge to design engineers, due to many constraints that are not encountered when designing a system for in-plant or mobile applications. Hydraulic technology first gained a foothold in aircraft flight control during World War II, when hydraulics was introduced for some secondary systems’ control. However, as aircraft flight performance and capabilities increased, hydraulics began to play a larger role in the critical operation and safety of airliners, helicopters, and high-performance military aircraft. Functions often powered by hydraulics in commercial aircraft include primary flight controls, flap/slat drives, landing gear, nose wheel steering, thrust reversers, spoilers, rudders, cargo doors, and emergency hydraulic-driven electrical generators.
In modern aircraft, some of the places that hydraulics come into play include primary flight controls, flap/slat drives, landing gear, nose wheel steering, thrust reversers, spoilers, rudders, cargo doors, and emergency hydraulic-driven electrical generators. Military aircraft also use hydraulics on gun drives, weapons-bay doors, and hydraulic-motor-driven-fan heat exchangers. Factors that must be addressed on an aircraft include pressure conditions (both internal and ambient), temperature extremes, weight, speed, materials, reliability, fluid compatibility, leaks, cost, noise, and redundancy.
Pressures on aircraft hydraulic systems run higher than on many industrial applications, which generally remain in the 1,500 to 2,000 psi range. Most commercial airliners run at 3,000 psi, with military planes using 4,000 psi systems (although some new military aircraft have made the move to 5,000 psi). The impetus for higher pressures comes from space considerations and the need for light weight, because actuators can generate higher torque forces and power from a smaller envelope.
Not only must the systems deal with the expected variables in ambient temperature that are experienced across the whole of the planet’s surface, but temperatures fall well below zero at an aircraft’s cruising altitude. Most commercial systems are designed to tolerate conditions from –65° to 160° F, while military aircraft can handle a temperature range of –65° to 275° F.
MIL-H-5606 — first introduced over fifty years ago and still used on many aircraft. Used on business jets and many U.S. Air Force aircraft, it is highly flammable and considered responsible for the loss of at least one military aircraft, due to the fire created.
MIL-H-83282 — first used by the Air Force in 1982 and the U.S. Navy in 1997, it is less flammable than 5606, but much more viscous at low temperature. The lower temperature limit of MIL-H-83282 is considered –40° F, and it is used in virtually all Navy aircraft.
Skydrol and Hyjet — these alkyl phosphate ester based fluids are used on commercial aircraft, and are less flammable than the military fluids described above. Maximum temperature limit is 160° F. These fluids have been around at least since the 1960s.
Parts manufactured for use on aircraft do face much tougher guidelines on design, construction, and quality control than those used in most industrial applications. A typical hydraulic pump used on an aircraft may cost between $4,000 and $25,000, compared with a comparable industrial pump’s cost of $400 or less.
Great attention must be paid to shoe bearing plates and plate faces, due to poor fluid qualities.
The pump must be compatible with these poor-quality fluids.
Aluminum is often used, due to weight considerations.
It must be smaller and have a higher operating speed.
amount needed to minimize the frequency of filling.
There is currently a focus on building quality systems on a system level. As part of this movement, aircraft companies are increasingly looking to component manufacturers to provide complete aircraft hydraulic systems, instead of a myriad of unconnected parts.
The majority of aircraft have three or four redundant hydraulic systems, which are geographically separate in many cases (especially on fighting aircraft, which must be able to survive being hit by enemy fire).
Particularly interesting is the RAT, or Ram Air Turbine. This last-gasp system comes online in an extreme emergency. The RAT is a spring-loaded device usually located near the nose of the plane, which is deployed in case of a total loss of power. The RAT basically consists of a propeller that turns a hydraulic pump – providing enough power to allow the pilot to make rudimentary landing gear and aileron adjustments upon landing. Its only drawback is noise – commonly on the scale of 120 dBA.
When people talk about noise control, they usually aren’t referring to airline hydraulic systems. After all, why bother tweaking a system to achieve a noise level several decibels lower, when the plane’s engines themselves are drowning out any noise that the hydraulics could possibly make? However, aircraft engines have been engineered to run quieter in recent years both in takeoff and landing situations to appease communities in close proximity to airports. Quieter operation is also important during midflight for passenger comfort. Thus, noise has become an important issue in aricraft design.
Regardless of its function and design, every hydraulic system has a minimum number of basic components in addition to a means through which the fluid is transmitted. A basic system consists of a pump, reservoir, directional valve, check valve, pressure relieve valve, selector valve, actuator, and filter.
An open center system is one having fluid flow, but no pressure in the system when the actuating mechanisms are idle. The pump circulates the fluid from the reservoir, through the selector valves, and back to the reservoir. The open center system may employ any number of subsystems, with a selector valve for each subsystem. Unlike the closed center system, the selector valves of the open center system are always connected in series with each other. In this arrangement, the system pressure line goes through each selector valve. Fluid is always allowed free passage through each selector valve and back to the reservoir until one of the selector valves is positioned to operate a mechanism.
When one of the selector valves is positioned to operate an actuating device, fluid is directed from the pump through one of the working lines to the actuator. With the selector valve in this position, the flow of fluid through the valve to the reservoir is blocked. The pressure builds up in the system to overcome the resistance and moves the piston of the actuating cylinder; fluid from the opposite end of the actuator returns to the selector valve and flows back to the reservoir. Operation of the system following actuation of the component depends on the type of selector valve being used. Several types of selector valves are used in conjunction with the open center system. One type is both manually engaged and manually disengaged. First, the valve is manually moved to an operating position. Then, the actuating mechanism reaches the end of its operating cycle, and the pump output continues until the system relief valve relieves the pressure. The relief valve unseats and allows the fluid to flow back to the reservoir. The system pressure remains at the relief valve set pressure until the selector valve is manually returned to the neutral position. This action reopens the open center flow and allows the system pressure to drop to line resistance pressure.
The manually engaged and pressure disengaged type of selector valve is similar to the valve previously discussed. When the actuating mechanism reaches the end of its cycle, the pressure continues to rise to a predetermined pressure. The valve automatically returns to the neutral position and to open center flow.
In the closed-center system, the fluid is under pressure whenever the power pump is operating. The three actuators are arranged in parallel and actuating units B and C are operating at the same time, while actuating unit A is not operating. This system differs from the open-center system in that the selector or directional control valves are arranged in parallel and not in series. The means of controlling pump pressure varies in the closed-center system. If a constant delivery pump is used, the system pressure is regulated by a pressure regulator. A relief valve acts as a backup safety device in case the regulator fails.
If a variable displacement pump is used, system pressure is controlled by the pump’s integral pressure mechanism compensator. The compensator automatically varies the volume output. When pressure approaches normal system pressure, the compensator begins to reduce the flow output of the pump. The pump is fully compensated (near zero flow) when normal system pressure is attained. When the pump is in this fully compensated condition, its internal bypass mechanism provides fluid circulation through the pump for cooling and lubrication. A relief valve is installed in the system as a safety backup. An advantage of the open-center system over the closed-center system is that the continuous pressurization of the system is eliminated. Since the pressure is built up gradually after the selector valve is moved to an operating position, there is very little shock from pressure surges. This action provides a smoother operation of the actuating mechanisms. The operation is slower than the closed-center system, in which the pressure is available the moment the selector valve is positioned. Since most aircraft applications require instantaneous operation, closed-center systems are the most widely used.
The system A, B, and standby reservoirs are located in the wheel well area. The reservoirs are pressurized by bleed air through a pressurization module. The standby reservoir is connected to the system B reservoir for pressurization and servicing. The positive pressure in the reservoir ensures a positive flow of fluid to the pumps. The reservoirs have a standpipe that prevents the loss of all hydraulic fluid if a leak develops in the engine-driven pump or its related lines. The engine-driven pump draws fluid through a standpipe in the reservoir and the AC motor pump draws fluid from the bottom of the reservoir.
Both A and B hydraulic systems have an engine-driven pump (EDP) and an ACMP. The system A engine-driven pump is installed on the number 1 engine and the system B engine-driven pump is installed on the number 2 engine. The AC pumps are controlled by a switch on the flight deck. The hydraulic case drain fluid that lubricates and cools the pumps return to the reservoir through a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger for the A system is installed in the main fuel tank No. 1, and the heat exchanger for the B system is installed in the main fuel tank No. 2. Minimum fuel for ground operation of electric motor-driven pumps is 1,675 pounds in the related main tank. Pressure switches, located in the EDP and ACMP pump output lines, send signals to illuminate the related LOW PRESSURE light if pump output pressure is low. The related system pressure transmitter sends the combined pressure of the EDP and ACMP to the related hydraulic system pressure indicator.
Filter modules are installed in the pressure, case drain, and return lines to clean the hydraulic fluid. Filters have a differential pressure indicator that pops out when the filter is dirty and needs to be replaced.
– System B EDP pressure drops below limits.
– Flaps are less than 15° but not up.
– 1 engine rpm drops below a limit value.
– Landing gear lever is up.
– Either or both main landing gear not up and locked.
A master caution light illuminates if an overheat or low pressure is detected in the hydraulic system. An overheat light on the flight deck illuminates if an overheat is detected in either system A or B and a low-pressure light illuminates if a low pressure is detected in system A and B.
This entry was posted in Aircraft Design and tagged aircraft, Fluids, Hydraulic, Power, system, Valves. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-18T10:51:22Z
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http://www.aerospacengineering.net/aircraft-hydraulic-system/
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Costa Rica Dream Adventures: Your Partner for Costa Rica!
Costa Rica Dream Adventures (CRDA) is a US Tour Operator that has been in business for over 18 years selling exclusively Costa Rica. We are based in Atlanta, Georgia and we also have an office in San Jose, Costa Rica for 24/7 in country travel assistance. CRDA provides customized packages for individuals, couples, family vacations, weddings, anniversaries, groups, corporate and incentive travel.
We customize itineraries to serve everyone from individuals to large groups. We offer all properties from small boutiques to large all inclusive resorts. CRDA has developed close relationships with these properties which allow us to guarantee agents great pricing and experiences for your clients.
Costa Rica Dream Adventures also offer a wide range of tours to satisfy all travelers’ interest and cost. As presented in our detailed itineraries, the traveler gets their ultimate Costa Rica “Dream Trip”.
Our programs include transportation, hotel accommodations and activities. Our team in Costa Rica will welcome your passengers and provide them with a welcome kit with all their original documents, as well as our local phone number in Costa Rica for 24/7 in country travel assistance. This service assures agents their clients will be taken care while they are in Costa Rica.
All you have to do is call us and we will take care of all the details and find the best prices and options for your clients.
All you your clients need to do is remember to pack their tooth brush.
The programs we offer include 10% agent commission. We charge your clients the retail price and send your commission check to your travel agency. Costa Rica Dream Adventures enjoys prestigious travel industry affiliations: a proud member of ASTA, IATA, ARC, OSSN and Selected Group Travel.
Our main goal is the success of our travel agent partners!
5 days all-inclusive beach front boutique resort located in one of the most pristine beaches in Costa Rica, Playa Panamá and only 30 minutes from the Liberia International Airport in Guanacaste.
Our most popular vacation, Costa Rica Quest will take you to an incredible journey to Costa Rica’s top destinations: San Jose, Arenal Volcano and Tamarindo. The perfect package for adventure seekers!
The perfect program for families who are looking for a combination of adventure and beach relaxation. Zip line through the rainforest, stare at the impressive giant Arenal Volcano and relax at the tropical beaches of Tamarindo.
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2019-04-22T12:34:24Z
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https://www.travelresearchonline.com/blog/index.php/2017/04/costa-rica-dream-adventures/
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Reno, Nev.— The joint meeting of the Nevada Bureau of Land Management’s three Resource Advisory Councils (RACs) will be broadcast over the web on February 6 and 7 at http://www.blm.gov/live/.
The meeting is being held at the High Desert Inn, 3015 Idaho Street, Elko, NV. A public comment period is scheduled for Feb. 6 from 4 to 4:30 p.m. Written comments can also be submitted to RAC Coordinator Chris Rose at crose@blm.gov or by mail at: RAC Comments, Attn: Chris Rose, 1340 Financial Blvd., Reno, NV 89502.
The agenda and additional information will be posted at http://on.doi.gov/1bkJm1g. Individuals who plan to attend and need further information about the meeting or need special assistance such as sign language interpretation or other reasonable accommodations may also contact Chris Rose.
The Sierra Front-Northwestern Great Basin RAC, the Northeastern Great Basin RAC, and the Mojave-Southern Great Basin RAC each have 15-members that represent a variety of public land interests. The Nevada RACs advise the Secretary of the Interior, through the BLM Nevada State Director, on a variety of planning and management issues associated with public land management in Nevada.
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2019-04-18T13:34:12Z
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https://www.basinandrange.org/basin-and-range-blog/blm-tri-rac-meeting-broadcast
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To kick things off, KaBOOM! shares their thoughts on some simple activities you can do with your kids for some good-natured fun in your community.
1. Give a high five—or five!
It’s impossible not to feel energized after a high five. Use this as an excuse to give out as many high fives as possible, to strangers and friends alike.
2. Draw a hopscotch board on the sidewalk.
3. Give classic toys to adults and kids in need.
4. Carry bubbles with you.
5. Create a pop-up playground.
6. Leave painted rocks in unexpected locations.
7. Take a group of kids to the playground.
I agree with you, the play is very important for kids. It is a good idea that you are thinking about providing facility to kids for play every day, everywhere. Moreover, I totally agree with your points. Today time kids are not taking balanced diet. In addition, Games and activities will keep them health and fit. I want to say thanks to KAMBOO Community who thinks about kids. It is a superb blog.
I love these ideas. I am raising my two youngest grandchildren and have often found myself overwhemed. It’s hard at times to come up with creative ideas to keep them busy. These ideas are so simple and I find my head swimming with simple things I did with my own children. When I gather them together, I plan on sending them in, not only to help my babies, but other children as well!
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2019-04-26T15:56:25Z
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https://valpak.com/blog/7-playful-acts-kindness
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Sketches New York is just about the image we ascertained on the internet from reliable imagination. We constitute one brain to discourse this Sketches New York picture on this webpage because predicated on conception via Google Image, Its one of the top reted inquiries keyword on Yahoo Search Engine. And that we also consider you arrived here were looking for this information, aren t You? From many options on the net were sure this pictures is actually a good image for you, and we sincerely we hope you are proud of with what we present.
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2019-04-20T03:15:56Z
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http://kcsa.info/sketches-new-york.html
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Tomorrow is the official launch of issue # 6 of BARZAKH, the University at Albany online Literary Magazine. Here, as preview, a conversation with me published in the issue.
New Issue of Hyperion: Musil, Carmelo Bene, Emilio Villa & More!
A superb issue of a magnificently eclectic magazine, just out! Volume VIII, No. 1 (spring 2014) This issue of Hyperion is dedicated to Louis le Brocquy (1916–2012) Complete Issue PDF [forthcoming soon] Also available on issuu.com [forthcoming soon] Cover PDF Mast Head PDF Table of Contents PDF Thought… to the Purpose PDF Nicholas Birns, Reenchantment is not Enough: Gosetti-Ferencei’s Post-Heideggerian Heidegger PDF Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei, A New Poetics of Dasein PDF Carmelo … Read more New Issue of Hyperion: Musil, Carmelo Bene, Emilio Villa & More!
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2019-04-26T13:15:12Z
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http://www.pierrejoris.com/blog/category/literary-magazines-reviews/
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Hello there friends! Thanks for stopping by today! I have a bunch of super cute fun fold cards made by my fellow Whirlwind Stampers at our recent get together. I’m also going to add the recipes for their cards, but since I didn’t make them all, I just received them by swapping my card (that I posted the other day), I’m really guessing… maybe they’ll chime in here if I’m wrong?
This sweet owl punch card was made by my newest downline, Tiffany- and she is already swapping after one month under her belt! Love those owls!!
This is a gate fold card made by Debbie, don’t you just love the black and white with soft sky?? love the new glimmer paper!
Judy made this sweet sympathy card, love the colors! (Please note: “I Like You” and “Bloom with Hope” two stamps used on this card are both Hostess only stamp sets, that means you need to have a $150 qualifying order to be eligible to purchase these special stamps. Love the coloring… oops forgot to put in the chart, but she used Aqua Painters to color this in, I’m sure.
Noelle made us a fun stair step card, she didn’t get to finish but I’ll come back and post once I have the card completed. (Okay if I was just back from a week at the beach for one week I think I’d be forgetting a few things too). Love your work Noelle!
Anne made this fun fold “Z” card- see how it looks like a “Z” (you can really see it when it’s closed). I’m not really sure if she used Aqua Painters, or not, to color in the flowers.
Dania came up with this super fun 6 pocket fold gift card holder (or it could hold six small gifts). It took a fully sheet of 12×12″ DSP.
Last, but certainly not least, is this Pop Up fun fold card by Johanna! Look at how the blooms just pop off the page! Love it! And boy you must love us to cut three of these huge flowers out for each card, by hand!!
Thank you so very much for stopping by today to read my blog. I LOVE reading your comments, and please if the creators of these cards catch any errors in my guess work, please chime in here and let us know the correct supplies you used. thanks so much!
This was one of the fancy fold cards we did tonight at my team meeting. This card is known as the center stair step card, and features the new Mosaic stamp set and punch, and new papers and inks. Hope you like my card!
Thanks so much for stopping by, and don’t forget- I LOVE to see your comments here! thanks for visiting!
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2019-04-20T22:50:10Z
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https://lynnzcrafters.com/category/fancy-fold-cards/
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Look through the profiles of Member members here at New York Flirt that are tagged with Biker. Talking to other singles who have similar interests is a great way to come up with ideas to do on a first date. Register for a Free Profile to Meet Someone Tonight!
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2019-04-23T14:25:42Z
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https://www.newyorkflirt.com/browse-interests/tag,33,biker.html
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One week after Titleist introduced the new 2019 Pro V1 and Pro V1x golf balls on The PGA TOUR, the new models went global, debuting across all other professional golf tours around the world.
And this kickoff week proved to be a winning one for Tatsunori Nukaga, who became the first player across the worldwide professional tours to win with the new 2019 Pro V1x golf ball.
In fact, it was a 1-2 finish for 2019 Pro V1 and Pro V1x players, as Nukaga secured the first victory of his career by edging Seung-Hyuk Kim (new 2019 Pro V1) by two shots to capture the Mitsui VISA Taiheiyo Masters.
Nukaga topped a leaderboard that included eight Titleist golf ball players among the 11 who finished in the top 10 and ties.
Nukaga's victory highlighted a five-win week for Titleist golf ball players. The Titleist grand total has now eclipsed the 200 mark, as players trusting their games to a Pro V1 or Pro V1x golf ball have now accumulated 203 wins across the worldwide professional tours during the 2018 season. That's six times more wins than the nearest competing brand with just 33 and more than all competing brands combined.
Trailing the overnight leader by three shots, longtime Titleist golf ball loyalist Lee Westwood relied on a Pro V1x golf ball to capture the 3,000th worldwide tour victory by a Titleist golf ball player since the model's inception in the fall of 2000.
Westwood birdied five of his last eight holes to fire a closing 64 in South Africa to win the European Tour's Nedbank Golf Challenge by three shots. The win was the Englishman’s first since the 2014 Maybank Malaysian Open and advances his career win total to 24 on the European Tour and 43 worldwide – all while trusting a Titleist golf ball.
Ten of the 12 players who finished among the top 10 and ties relied upon Titleist golf balls for their success.
Titleist was the overwhelming golf ball of choice among players with 71% of players (51 players in the limited field of 72) trusting a Pro V1 or Pro V1x golf ball, more than four times the nearest competitor with 17% (12 players) and more than all competitors combined.
It was a 1-2 Titleist Pro V1x finish at the Blue Bay LPGA Championship in China where Gaby Lopez (Pro V1x) held off her playing partners who happened to be ranked World Nos. 1 and 2.
Lopez was paired in the final round with and prevailed over top-ranked Ariya Jutanugarn, who has already secured LPGA player of the year honors, and Sung Hyun Park, who was World No. 2.
Lopez edged Jutanugarn by one shot after each shot final round 73’s to earn her first career crown. Her previous best finish this year was a 10th place.
Titleist golf ball players have recorded 24 wins on the 2018 LPGA Tour season, nearly five times the nearest competitor (5).
Titleist was the overwhelming golf ball of choice among players with 85% of the field (69 players in the limited field of 81) trusting a Pro V1 or Pro V1x golf ball, more than thirteen times the nearest competitor with 6% (5 players) and more than all competitors combined.
JungHwan Lee (Pro V1x) birdied the final hole of regulation to capture the GolfZon DYB Education Tour Championship by one shot over third round leader SungHo Lee (Pro V1x, TS2 driver, TS2 fairway metal, 718 T-MB/CB irons, Vokey Design SM7 wedges) and GiHo Jung (Pro V1x, 816H1 hybrids, 716 T-MB 4-iron, Vokey Design SM7 wedges, Scotty Cameron 009M putter).
HongTaek Kim (Pro V1x, Scotty Cameron Select Newport 3 putter) fired a final round shot 6-under-par 64 to share fifth place with two other players, including DoYeob Mun (Pro V1x, Vokey Design SM7 wedges).
This was the final KPGA Tour event of the season with Titleist Brand Ambassador Hyungjoon Lee (Pro V1x, TS2 driver, TS2 fairway metal, 818H1 hybrids, 718 T-MB 4-iron, 718 MB irons, Vokey Design SM7 pitching, gap and lob wedges, Scotty Cameron SuperRat Concept 1 Putter) securing the top position on the Order of Merit and earning a 2019 European Tour card.
Titleist golf ball players accounted for 12 wins (86%) in the 14 events on the 2018 KPGA Tour.
Titleist was the most played golf ball at the GolfZon DYB Education Tour Championship with 76% of the field (45 players in the limited field of 59) trusting a Pro V1 or Pro V1x, five times the nearest competitor with 15% (9 players).
And finally, on the Australasian Tour, Jake McLeod (Pro V1x, TS3 driver, 917F2 fairway metal, 718 T-MB/AP2 irons, Vokey Design SM7 wedges) captured the New South Wales Open by two shots over fellow Brand Ambassador and Titleist young gun Cameron John (Pro V1, 917D3 driver, 917F2 fairway metal, 718 T-MB/MB irons, Vokey Design SM7 wedges). The victory was the first of McLeod’s PGA Tour of Australasia career.
McLeod set up his victory with a course record 10-under-par 62 in the third round which included a bogey on his last hole. John rallied on Sunday by posting nine birdies in his runner-up effort.
McLeod topped a leaderboard that included nine Titleist golf ball players among the 11 who finished in the top 10 and ties.
He becomes the 12th consecutive Titleist golf ball player to win a PGA Tour of Australia event this year.
Titleist was the overwhelming golf ball of choice among players at the NSW Open with 82% of the field (128 of 156 players) relying on a Pro V1 or Pro V1x golf ball, more than eight times the nearest competitor with 10% (15 players).
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2019-04-24T16:46:36Z
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https://www.titleist.co.uk/teamtitleist/gb/b/weblog/posts/nukaga-s-maiden-victory-with-new-2019-pro-v1x-highlights-5-win-week-for-titleist-players
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Installed easily do not use dock but was very easy to deactivate.
Installed Cinnamon Desktop installed using synaptic package manager.
I'm testting the Live ISO.
This is great! Booted up quickly and without problems. It's kind of a mix of xubuntu and debian.
A new name for the distro could be Xubian! Or maybe even Dexu!
Menus open fast in my i5-2400 at 3.GHZ, 8GB RAM and a older 320GB hard drive.
This is a simple one "JUST TOOOO MUCH BLOAT ".. Which causes compatibility problems due to the fact not all packages play well together ! But if you want to try a lot of different apps than by all means give this a shot.
Also note this is a French distro that looses a little in the translation.This is good for newbies coming from windows who like a lot of choices with a nice dock.
Pros Very stable with lots of eye candy and utilities as standard.
Cons The install asks a few additional questions that can have a marked change on the what you get if you choose the least appropriate option. Going for "all" works best but this might not be that obvious if you had not used it before.
There are other low calorie systems out there but not all of them are this shiny.
Emmabuntus is a perfect operating system.
Even though I use Windows as my primary OS I enjoy experimenting with Linux distros.
I've had a number of favorite Linux distos over the years and Emmabuntiis is another one.
I'd also like to say that some of the distos that I have liked seem to sour with further improvements.
I'm going to give Emmabuntus a 10 and say please don't try to improve this one.
Very pleasant XFCE and Debian-based distro. Easy installation, and helped configuration. Lots of software installed by default (even too much ?).
I would mainly suggest Emmabuntus to beginners.
A good looking Desktop and not problems with Linux. My level is a little bit more than a beginner. One of the best distributions with XFCE desktop.
I love Emmabuntüs and I can't get enough.I will have a linux Distribution and I will have a good looking Desktop and not problems with Linux. My level is a little bit more than a beginner. In the back I changed my distribution all few years or every year, included Mint.Emmabuntüs is easy, good looking and makes fun.The most software it's easy to installed.
I installed Emmabuntus on an old desktop, 2 Gb RAM with a dual core processor, it ran fine. The install was straightforward and went well, there are several unusual choices after the first reboot, none of which seem to affect anything.
I chose the Ubuntu desktop wallpapers, but got the default Emmabuntus one anyway, for example.
The download is huge, 3.8 GB because it installs a lot of software, I mean an awful lot.
There seem to be two of some things, for example it installs both Stellarium and Celestia which seems an odd thing to do, they both do a good job but I can't imagine needing to have both.
The desktop setup with the Apple-style docks looks good and works OK, but I did have a few crashes.
Overall there are several light weight distros that do a better job.
One of the best distributions with XFCE desktop. New versions are based on Debian instead of Xubuntu.
Emmabuntus team wants to convert recycled computers to modern and complete systems, and I can say that the aim is reached. The key is to use XFCE desktop, an easier and more complete option than LXDE or similar in the same range of RAM consuming.
There could be a download option for a system without such an amount of applications for people with slow internet connections, and a forum in English for international users.
i give it an 8 out of 10 its fast and stable looks good very responsive even on the ancient thinkpad r51e i tested it on cant wait to put it on a quad core now.
but the forum is in FRENCH-ONLY.
Too bad if your French is not modern enough, or at a high level of understanding (myself, just two years of high school studies, over fifty years ago). Good for the target audience: French school users, with old school equipment.
but the forum for the distro is in FRENCH-ONLY.
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2019-04-25T01:47:41Z
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http://www.distrowatch.org/dwres.php?resource=ratings&distro=emmabuntus
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Considerations on the possibility of explanations in sociology and economics from the perspective of methodological individualism. With a case study on social aspects of consumer behavior.
Umfang 124 Bl. : graph. Darst.
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2019-04-22T08:03:17Z
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http://unipub.uni-graz.at/obvugrhs/content/titleinfo/246183
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If you are planning a Corporate Event, Meeting or Conference in Dallas, let GSE AudioVisual help you plan, organize, and execute a professional presentation for your next meeting or event. We can assist your event planners in managing, organizing and delivering your entire technology rental needs to help ensure a successful presentation or event.
Call one of our Dallas sales staff team members toll-free at 1-888-573-6847 or submit a rental quote form today and let us help you with your next general session.
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2019-04-25T03:02:50Z
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https://www.gseav.com/general-sessions-dallas/
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Looking for the perfect way to say "I love you" to that special someone in Locust Hill? Look no further than River Birch Florist & Nursery in Locust Hill, VA for romantic gifts including valentines day flowers, roses and romantic gifts. River Birch Florist & Nursery has everything you'll need for the perfect way to declare your love. Sweep them off their feet with hand delivered fresh flowers! Same day flower delivery available.
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2019-04-23T21:54:10Z
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https://www.riverbirchflorist.com/category/love-romance/75-100/display
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Ski Resort Snow Reports Whistler Black B Snow Report is just one of the many collections of pictures or photos that are on this website. you will get a lot of information about in here. We not only provide information about only, you will get a lot more references to design your dream home. So , don't forget to keep visit Sailsanfrancisco.org to get the latest information about home design, kitchen, bedroom, bathroom, living room, and furniture and more. Ski Resort Snow Reports Whistler Black B Snow Report was posted in April 21, 2018 at 7:18 pm. Ski Resort Snow Reports Whistler Black B Snow Report has viewed by 2 users. Click it and download the Ski Resort Snow Reports Whistler Black B Snow Report.
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2019-04-21T14:48:51Z
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https://sailsanfrancisco.org/ski-resort-snow-reports/ski-resort-snow-reports-whistler-black-b-snow-report/
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Whitehall, street and locality in the City of Westminster, London. The street runs between Charing Cross and the Houses of Parliament. The name Whitehall also applies to the cluster of short streets, squares, and governmental buildings adjoining the street. Whitehall has been the site of principal government offices since the establishment of Henry VIII’s court at Whitehall Palace in the 1530s. The area’s attractions include the Cenotaph war memorial, Downing Street (with the prime minister’s residence), the Horse Guards Parade, Great Scotland Yard (the former home of the Metropolitan Police, now at New Scotland Yard), and the Banqueting House (1619–22), designed by Inigo Jones.
The site of Whitehall Palace was originally occupied by York Place, which was the London residence of the archbishops of York from 1245. Thomas Cardinal Wolsey enlarged the mansion and lived there until his fall, when Henry VIII acquired and reconstructed it and made it his principal residence. Upon the building of St. James’s Palace across the fields, the City of Westminster took more definite shape around the court. The great houses of nobles began to appear between Westminster and the City of London, with gardens down to the river. Jones designed a new palace at Whitehall for James I, but only the Banqueting House was completed (1622).
Charles I was beheaded in 1649 on a scaffold outside the Banqueting House, which survived a fire that destroyed much of the rest of the palace in 1698. For the next two centuries, until 1890, the Banqueting House was used as a chapel. It then became the museum of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies, which it remained until 1962. The following year, after restoration, it was opened to the public, and it is still used for special ceremonial occasions and other large gatherings. Downing Street, originally built by Sir George Downing about 1680, includes famous ministerial residences that were rebuilt after World War II. The prime minister lives at No. 10, the chancellor of the Exchequer at No. 11, and the government’s chief whip at No. 12. Past the Foreign and Commonwealth Offices, the old Home Office, and the Treasury is Parliament Square, which has a small central garden with benches and statues. The square is the site of a bronze statue unveiled in 1973 of Sir Winston Churchill. It leads on to two of the most important buildings in Britain, the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Abbey.
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2019-04-20T15:13:02Z
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https://www.britannica.com/print/article/642744
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Old Business: July meeting minutes were reviewed. Dave made a motion to approve, seconded by Sherrie. August Agenda was reviewed, Dave Torgelson made a motion to approve the agenda, Seconded by Dave Drager. Lamont reported participation at the Renville County Fair. Annie was ill and other volunteers could not attend. Lamont stated that he talked to youth and handed out social host ordinance information. He also stated activity by the booths was slow due to rain. Dave Drager reported that many people just wanted “stuff” because that is what people do at the fair booths is collect free stuff from each booth. Dave asked people who visited the booth to read the water bottle labels. He also stated people wanted to know who the youth on the water bottle was.
Budget Report: Annie reported that the fiscal year to September 30th to 2018, can carry over $12,500. The coalition needs to spend $6675. Funding is in the works to be committed Cedar Mountain Stars will receive $1,000 for their youth group; RCW TADA youth group will receive $1,000; BOLD High school will receive $500 for the You Matter Suicide prevention program that Tom Crus started; Annie is going to contact him. BLHS will receive $1,000 for their youth program; St Mary’s will receive $500/Tracy Bertrand has prevention activities planned; GFW Images will receive $1,000. Other ideas from coalition members were discussed. Dave Drager would like to plan a event similar to National Night Out to promote youth prevention. Annie would like to dedicate $500 to a ministerial youth prevention actiivity. Coalition members would like to see more activities in the faith community. Drug free activity in Hector is a good fit.
Compliance Checks: 86% of alcohol retailers refused to sell to under 21. 21 checks were completed 18 businesses passed. Those that failed: Casey’s/Fairfax; Buffalo Lake Municipal Liquor Store, Main Street Bar & Grill/Renville. Compliance checks have been going on since 2009. Back then there was more than a 50 percent fail rate. It has improved over the years. Buffalo Lake called Annie to set up Responsible Beverage Server Training. Derek & Annie provided the training. They have employees who are going back to college. Annie shared information on all trainings to date: 133 people have completed Responsible Beverage Server Training. The coalition discussed the fact that there is no a liquor license ordinance for Renville County and if that can be a focus for the coalition. Annie would like to work with Dave Torgelson on it.
County Attorney, Coburn’s Pharmacy Horizon Health & several other clinics, Stand Up 4 U Coalition & Northern Pines Mental Health to improve health care to people who are in need of pain management so that they receive proper care for their health. A majority of community members use prescription medications appropriately but abuse of medication specifically narcotics are causing destruction in many families in their community, in the state & across the nation. Annie hopes to have the coalition help develop an initiative for Renville County to address this also. Lamont suggested providing information on this initiative to Renville County Public Helath Advisory Council.
Renville County/RAPAD Coalition Four Core Measures Data: Crista from Pact For Families spoke with coalition members on the Four Core measures DATA 2009- 2016. There are positive changes occuring in the use of alcohol. The most negative being 11th grade males. Tobacco: Use of tobacco has a steady decrease in use grades 7 thru 9. No negative changes have been shown. Marijuana: The negative change noted was more use for females. Overall there has not been a sharp drop in use throughout high school youth. RX Drugs: There have been some positive changes as fas as risk. Bringing awareness to the risk and use is an important focus for the coalition.
Minnesota Program Sharing Conference will be October 19th, 20th in St. Cloud. Coalition members are encouraged to attend.
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2019-04-18T17:02:59Z
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http://rapad.org/rapad-coalition-meeting-august-2017/
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From Canson, France: 252, large, self-adhesive, archival corners in multiple colors and clear. Also, 2-sided, adhesive squares to attach the photo directly to the page.
These skillfully sewn, permanently bound, linen-wrapped albums have 30, dense, cream pages. Each page has been reinforced at the binding and "interleaved" with translucent paper to protect photographs. In four sizes and nine colors. Handmade in Germany.
These laid finish writing sheets are finished with a printed border and color-coordinated, tissue-lined envelopes. These writing sheets are a "not too long" European (A5) 5.75" x 8.25" size. Ink-jet compatible. A generous, 25 sheets and envelopes are stored in a silver, foil-stamped box. Made in Belgium, imported exclusively by OrangeArt.
These crisp, "classic" laid finish flat cards have a lovely deckled edge. The 25, 2.5 x 3.75" cards are boxed with 25 un-lined envelopes. We use them at OrangeArt for our larger-than-typical, business cards, printed letterpress. Could also be used as a gift enclosure or calling card. Made in Belgium. Imported by OrangeArt.
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2019-04-21T10:27:00Z
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https://www.orangeartstore.com/store/c/42-Every-Product.html?pi=3
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Our online booking system offers you the ability to book from thousands of products worldwide. We offer through our booking system a combination of both static and dynamic rates. The Australia and Beyond Holidays (AABH) booking system provides access to accomodation, car hire touring, special events and transfer options globally.
Our system offers real time availability and confirmations. We provide e -documentation and vouchers for all bookings, our e- documentation includes “rich content” (pictures and comprehensive descriptions) of products sold. Our documentation model provides you the opportunity to have your logo and details on the documentation.
Our reporting module means that you are still able to verify your production with your key product suppliers that you book through us.
From the moment you touch down in your holiday destination, you’ll receive superior service, exclusive bonuses and special touches at no extra cost. Make the most of your stay at a My Time resorts and enjoy extra services and inclusions not available to other guests. Bonuses and inclusions vary from resort to resort however personalised service is guaranteed.
My Time resorts are available throughout Australia, Fiji, Vanuatu, Cook Islands, Bali, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Mauritius, USA, Hawaii, Mexico and the Caribbean.
Look for the “My Time” symbol in the booking system so your customers can take advantage of these inclusions.
In addition to My Time offers AABH has access to numerous specials offered by our suppliers from time to time.
As an AABH customer you will receive 24 hour customer support teams both for your clients and you globally.
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2019-04-25T12:16:06Z
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https://aabh.com.au/fit-booking-system/
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WingMakers Forum • View topic - who can give me these WM pictures?
Post subject: who can give me these WM pictures?
"In the unity of things is the wisdom sought" who can give me the original picture?
Last edited by yhg342 on Wed Sep 22, 2010 10:08 pm, edited 2 times in total.
Post subject: Re: who can give me these pictures?
If any one has this picture Please post it on the UKF site for this person, as my computer put a phishing warning when I tried the site given.This may or may not be true but that was the warning from the computer. The picture shown is not from the www.wingmakers.com as it does not have the English words in it.
Post subject: Re: who can give me these WM pictures?
they are too big to post it here.
Thanks for the url to the pictures, as this site was cleared by my software when I clicked on the url.
It is good to share the pictures with others. You do need to give the copyright of these pictures when you use them. This is what it should look like ©1998-2010 WingMakers LLC All Rights Reserved. When sharing the WingMakers materials I make sure I give the copyright information.
It is great to know that WingMakers/Lyricus materials have and can reach around the globe.
Thank you, yhg342, for sharing these, I have collected many of the pictures as they appeared over the years, and disappeared also ... and you have some that I did not have. I have often wondered why there is not a page of the Art that has been released and then removed, ( to make space for new ones ?) and why so many of the "hidden links" are duplicates when there is so much Art ... because, I appreciate it all of it .
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2019-04-24T00:31:29Z
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http://forum.wingmakers.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=1983&p=77825
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North Carolina Tar Heels Infant Carolina Blue Lil Mascot T Shirt $15.99 No one's youngster is as stylish as yours, so continue that trend with this North Carolina Tar Heels Lil Mascot T shirt. He will be a true fan while you teach him the particulars of the game and raise him in the sport. He'll look darling in the North Carolina Tar Heels colors, so you're guaranteed to have the most fashionable young fan in the stadium.
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2019-04-20T07:18:14Z
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https://photoboothrental9.info/north-carolina-tar-heels-infant-carolina-blue-lil-mascot-t-shirt.php
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Get in Go Far is a one-stop website for young people considering apprenticeships to start their careers.
We also provide information for parents and teachers of young people for whom an apprenticeship might be a good career option.
Not ready or looking an apprenticeship yet? We also list information about traineeships and work experience.
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2019-04-25T17:44:53Z
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http://fyi.cityoflondon.gov.uk/kb5/cityoflondon/fyi/service.page?id=YO_1_1Jst9g&youthchannel=3
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Definition: Group policy provides coverage to a group of people which can. premium rates and premium discount to all members of the group. Also See: Insurance, Nominee, Return, Annuity, Insurable I.
The authors looked at fatal car crash data from a U.S. national database of more. Maryland. The first U.S. legal definition of "drunk" for the purpose of driving was set at.15 BAC in the 1930s and.
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EU Gender Ruling means dearer car insurance for women. Car Insurance Groups Overview If you're changing your car you'll want to think about the cost of.
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Admiral was voted by consumers as Best Car Insurance. But it’s not as simple as a cheap car = cheap insurance, the groups. read our guide on Insurance Groups.
New small hot hatches are not cheap: a Ford Fiesta ST costs £18,000, a Mini Cooper S will set you back £19,000 and an Audi S1 is a staggering £25,600! But there are plenty of second-hand small hatches.
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Jan 3, 2018. Find out which car insurance group your car fits in, with this useful. 'E' means the vehicle exceeds requirements for a car of its type and so its.
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2019-04-19T14:14:05Z
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https://grenadiermilitary.com/car-insurance-wasilla-ak-wiki/car-insurance-groups-definition/
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I would never have thought I would be linking to a BBC blog but this short piece from some American show (which was uploaded to YouTube) is a interesting look at the UK Grime scene. Oh did I mention Mistajam now has a BBC Blog? I'm aware of the grime scene but stay well clear because I'm not the biggest fan of this type of music. But I do respect where this is coming from, even if its lost its way a little. There is a really good point made about the true differences of UK and US hiphop culture. People don't have 23 inch rims on there cars and wear diamonds simply because they can't afford it and they would be robbed. Yep, I'm certainly hearing that. I wouldn't even pull my ipaq on the train ride into peckham sometimes.
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2019-04-19T12:31:27Z
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https://cubicgarden.com/2006/08/22/the-us-on-the-uk-grime-scene/
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PDI provide printed training materials from manuals to tent cards and brochures. We distribute direct to your training venue with a full tracking service. All of this is controlled from your own administration dashboard.
We will ease the administration and ordering of training materials through the use of the PDI online portal. You will have an on-line library of course materials. Here you will be able to upload files, place orders and manage the distribution process. Full management reporting available from your desktop.
We will print your training materials on demand. From click of the mouse to shipping within 48 hours. No more expensive stock holding. Mono and full colour digital printing. Wire binding, folders, lamination - the full range of finishing services.
We will also hold in stock your pens, brochures, tent cards and other peripherals. When ready we will create the full kit, shrink-wrapped and ready to go directly to the training venue.
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2019-04-19T06:46:43Z
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https://www.printed-training-materials.co.uk/
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In keeping with St. John’s Blue-Green theology, the Handmades’ table at the 2018 Christmas Fair will showcase items that encourage re-use. Included will be knitted string market bags, fabric gift bags in all sizes, and all-natural wool dryer balls to replace one-use dryer sheets.
You can help with your donations of 100% wool yarn (for dryer balls) or any other bright colored yarn (think pompom ornaments), and colorful fabric pieces, solid or patterned (for gift bags). Please bring these any Sunday to Lemonade on the Lawn.
And – if you knit, crochet, sew, do small pieces of woodwork, bead, weave or whatever, please consider donating an example of your work for the Christmas Fair.
The Handmades group will meet on Monday, August 20 at 12 noon, in St. John’s Conference Room. Please join us then or contact Betty Gilbert, Anita MacDougall or Janet Stevenson with your questions.
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2019-04-25T07:56:33Z
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https://www.stjcsh.org/blog/handmades-goes-green-in-2018-/
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Premium with Hulu® New 30 Days Free Trial Offer.
PLEASE READ THESE TERMS CAREFULLY AND IN FULL. THEY CONTAIN CERTAIN CONDITIONS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE AVAILABILITY AND USE OF THE PREMIUM WITH HULU 30 DAYS TRIAL OFFER, INCLUDING WHAT HAPPENS AFTER YOUR FREE TRIAL PERIOD ENDS.
from the moment that you activate the Free Trial Period by submitting your payment details.
After the Free Trial Period, you will automatically be charged by Spotify for the then-current monthly price of the Premium with Hulu Offer and the payment method you provided will automatically be charged that amount unless you cancel prior to the end of the Free Trial Period. If you cancel: you will lose access to Spotify Premium and the Hulu Plan and your Spotify account will switch to a Spotify Free account at the end of the Free Trial Period.
To cancel, you must log into your Spotify account and follow the prompts on the Account page or click here and follow the instructions. You may also delete your Spotify account at any time.
(B). satisfy all of the eligibility requirements set out in section 3 of the Premium with Hulu Offer Terms.
4. Availability of the Premium with Hulu 30 Days Trial Offer.
(C). this Premium with Hulu 30 Days Trial Offer being earlier terminated by Spotify.
Spotify makes available this Premium with Hulu 30 Days Trial Offer at its sole discretion. Except where prohibited by applicable law, Spotify reserves the right at any time to modify or discontinue this Premium with Hulu 30 Days Trial Offer, either temporarily or permanently (or any part thereof), with or without notice. Neither Spotify nor Hulu nor any of their affiliates will be liable to you or any other person in the event of any modification, suspension or discontinuance of this Premium with Hulu 30 Days Trial Offer. Eligible Users may only redeem the Premium and Hulu 30 Days Trial Offer once.
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2019-04-19T20:38:04Z
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https://www.spotify.com/us/legal/30-days-free-with-hulu-trial-terms-and-conditions/
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Links and subcategories within the Health and Safety section are provided below.
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Welcome! Same CMC Rescue equipment - Discounted! (factory direct), Rope Rescue, Confined Space Rescue training (our 23rd year!). An informative site with free tools, lists, articles, photo's, etc.
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2019-04-22T21:53:56Z
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http://www.isoosi.com/business/education-and-training/health-and-safety-directory.html
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Whether you are an individual, small business, or student, The Thornton Insurance Agency helps you reduce permanent and temporary Life and Health Insurance costs in Tyler, Texas by shopping and comparing plans. Our quoting software lets you enter demographic information once and receive quotes from competing major medical carriers. Are Pre-Existing Conditions keeping you from receiving health insurance before 2014? Not to worry, we have something affordable that will help you through this period. We also offer Life, Disability, Long Term Care, Critical Illness, Gap, Temporary, Dental and Medicare Supplemental Insurance Policies.
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2019-04-24T02:32:57Z
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http://insurance4dallas.com/tyler-health-insurance/
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2019-04-22T02:14:17Z
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http://fub97.info/2019/01/25/personal-statement-cv-examples-executive-assistant_hs/
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Orange County, USA is home to some of the best e-liquid makers in the world and Charlie's Chalk Dust leads the charge. CCD's extensive range caters for everyone. Their brand portfolio involves the Black & White range, Pachamama, Meringue Family and The Colour of Flavour. From sweet to savoury, candy to awesome menthol hits, there is genuinely nothing Charlie's Chalk Dust can't cater for and their unique, complex flavour profiles are something every vaper should be experiencing.
Really nice flavour and great vape...highly recommended..
Can't believe how this flavour is so strong in an ecig. Truly like Caramel and the flavour stays with you way longer. Great vape too. Have started to mix it with other ejuices, which really works well.
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2019-04-18T19:20:03Z
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https://www.ecigforlife.com.au/stumps-pops-sweet-and-sour-melon-100ml/
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On 25-26 November SCP/RAC brought together in Barcelona (Spain) its National Focal Points for an extraordinary meeting to collect their feedback on the first draft of the SCP Action Plan for the Mediterranean as part of a regional consultation process.
On the 18th and 19th of November Alger hosed a seminar titled "Green chemistry and eco-entrepreneurship" aiming at supporting Green Entrepreneurs for a POPs Free Mediterranean. More than 40 participants were trained during two productive days, in which international experts presented green alternatives to hazardous chemicals (in particular Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs) and shared key tools for the creation of a competitive eco-business.
A SCP/RAC team of the EC funded SWITCH-Med Programme organized a participative workshop entitled ¨Financing pathways for green businesses and sustainable entrepreneurs¨ on 28th of November from 15.00-17.00 at the Global Eco Forum, that took place as part of the Mediterranean Week of Economic Leaders.
The Secretariat of the Barcelona Convention (UNEP/MAP) organised the 4th Coordination group meeting of the Ecosystem Approach (EcAp) project with the objective of presenting and discussing the latest developments of the project with the Mediterranean countries representatives on 9-10 October.
Can a prosperous and regenerative circular economy replace the challenged linear “take make dispose” economy? With the aim of answering this question an SCP/RAC team of SWITCH-Med is organising a webinar on the latest efforts in the Mediterranean region to put circular economy thinking in place, in the framework of the Disruption Innovation Festival (DIF).
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2019-04-26T09:56:50Z
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http://www.cprac.org/en/news-archive/2014
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My friend went to NYC for a couple days this week (Wednesday-Friday I think- it was vacation week for the public schools, so she had it off while I was stuck at school) and so while she was there, she picked up a few things from Kinokuniya for me.
At first I was debating what to ask her to buy, I heard somewhere that they have Hello! Project photobooks but she isn’t a Hello! Project fan (she knows what Morning Musume is due to my random ranting, but that’s it) and I didn’t want her to have to ask about those since that would without a doubt be awkward for her. xD I also wanted something Prince of Tennis, but the only specific thing I could think of off the top of my head was the 30.5 illustration book and I didn’t know how expensive that would be…which would be necessary because I had to give her the cash beforehand.
So, this is basically the scans post to go along with my recent orders that arrived on Friday. Sorry it’s late, but scanning the two limited photobooks took forever, and I had a sleepover last night cause it’s my birthday today (yay!).
EDIT: Sorry that the small versions of the preview images look crappy! In my earlier posts, I actually uploaded them to Blogger, but this time I uploaded them to Photobucket instead. Guess the site handles it differently. Just click the preview images for the full-quality version.
Morning Musume’s latest single Mikan, normal edition. I scanned the photocard of Risa and included it in the .rar file.
Morning Musume’s latest single Mikan, limited edition A which comes with a DVD. I scanned the photocard of Koharu and included it in the .rar file.
Morning Musume’s latest single Mikan, limited edition B which comes with a photobook. I scanned the photocard of Sayumi and I also scanned the photobook- both are included in the .rar file.
Athena & Robikerottsu’s first single, Shouri no BIG WAVE!!!, limited edition which comes with a photobook. I scanned the photobook and included it in the .rar file.
I scanned the covers of the manga for my personal collection, so I thought I’d share them here too if anyone’s interested. For SKET DANCE 1 and Prince of Tennis 40, it’s just the one image so I didn’t bother to upload a .rar file- just click on the preview image. The dust jackets just barely fit on my scanner- I didn’t include the inside back flap because all it is is like a list of Jump tankoubon. For the Prince of Tennis Fanbook 40.5, the book’s really thick, so the dust jacket was too big for my scanner. I scanned the inside flaps separately, so there’s a .rar file for 40.5.
And then, I FINALLY got my Yesasia order that I placed over a month ago. I’m still pissed that it took so long- it really should have shipped out once Mikan was released. It’s all because Sket Dance took so long…but I think it was worth it. Three copies of Mikan (haha, I know, I’m an uber crazy fan), Shouri no BIG WAVE!! limited, Sket Dance volume 1, and the H!P 2007 Winter Live DVD Set.
And now…which photocards did I get??
If I could have chosen which I got, I would have chosen Reina, Junjun, and Risa, my current three favorite members. (or the group card, which I totally didn’t know existed until like five minutes ago…?) I absolutely LOVE Reina, and I love how she looks in the promo pics for this single! She has some really nice shots in the limited photobook- I love her outfit and her hair and like EVERYTHING! @_@ Sadly, luck was not really on my side when I opened these last night.
I’m really happy I got Risa, though. =) She’s my second favorite member, and I like her photocard.
Sayumi’s cute too- she’s not one of my favorite members, but I like her appearance in this single, so I’m fine with getting her card.
Next up is the limited edition of Shouri no BIG WAVE!!, which came with a photobook. I actually had no idea it had a photobook until I opened it up and it came out…xD I totally never saw anywhere just what the limited edition actually had in it.
What I really like about H!P concerts is that unlike concerts by a solo artist or a normal group (lol, as in like, one that stays the same rather than constantly changing), there’s always new groups of people singing an old song. Like current Morning Musume singing a song like LOVE Machine- I love always being able to hear different people sing older songs like that. Compare that to a concert by someone like BoA- you don’t really hear anything new when she sings her older songs, because it’s still the same person singing it- just live instead of a studio recording.
Last but not least, there’s the three manga I ordered. Sket Dance 1, Prince of Tennis 40, and Prince of Tennis 40.5.
Sket Dance is a new manga in Shounen Jump, and it currently has 21 chapters. It’s a random school comedy manga, and it’s really funny. Most new manga hasn’t been doing so well in Jump lately, but I hope Sket Dance survives- it’s really cool and funny, definitely one of my favorite series in the magazine.
Then Inui and Kaidou play doubles against Yanagi and Kirihara, and Inui gets uber beaten up and basically dies in the middle of the court after stopping Kaidou from going into devil mode. Which is an uber scary sight that I hope I never have to see again, btw.
I know, wtf, people actually can get sent to the hospital for playing TENNIS?
Inui wakes up, he has UBER UBER BANDAGES WRAPPED AROUND HIS ENTIRE BODY (ahahaha I love that panel), and then it switches to Fuji vs Niou.
Niou, with his Illusion or w/e it’s called, apparently can turn into Tezuka. I DON’T KNOW HOW IT WORKS EITHER. I mean, he’s not just using Tezuka’s moves, Konomi’s actually DRAWING TEZUKA instead of Niou. And then it turns out that, ZOMG KONOMI PUT AN ANIME FILLER EPISODE IN THE MIDDLE OF THIS MATCH FOR A FLASHBACK, and Fuji played Tezuka as a freshman. Angst happens. Then the volume ends.
-Ooishi’s special skill outside of tennis is that he’s able to tell whether a baby chick is a boy or a girl. Wtf, Ooishi. That’s weird.
-Sanada carries around the “Sanada Family Rock”. xDDDDD oh Sanada. A rock?? Why does his family even have a ‘family rock’ in the first place??
So, there we go. Scans and lyrics should be posted soon.
You are currently browsing the archives for the Sket Dance category.
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2019-04-22T10:55:20Z
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https://resonantblue.wordpress.com/category/manga/sket-dance/
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This concept of this render was to show a sense of freedom and fun. Having just you and the open road, oh yea, and a McLaren P1!
Very nice render. Did the applicant design the McLaren model himself?
which render engine did you used in the image?
Front-wheel drive in McLaren ? Very nice work tho!
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2019-04-20T04:29:34Z
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https://hum3d.com/challenges/the-sprint/
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operator removing his foot from the pedal.
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Powered bending angle setting device.
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2019-04-19T18:18:32Z
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This is a steroid that has actually been recognized in Mazeikiai Lithuania to promote weight loss in the physical body. This is a weight loss steroid which has also been used in vet healtHCAre.
Sportsmens that have been utilizing steroids understand clenbuterol for its lengthy half life meaning that it oftens remain in the physical body for a very long time. On that note, this could not be the steroid to use if you intend to pass any kind of medications test prior to a competition.
Clen is a possible asthmatic medication but since it remains also long in the physical body, the effects of this may be greater than the reliable management of asthma.
The reason why Clenbuterol has located a method with numerous athletes is due to the weight loss quality. Fat does have a method of bringing anybody down and it is challenging to obtain the much needed durability if you do not have much of lean muscles in your body.
This means that you need to lower the fat deposits and replace it with muscular tissues and Clenbuterol can aid you achieve this end. Surprisingly, anyone in Mazeikiai Lithuania that wishes to lose weight for visual reasons additionally locates Clenbuterol as a suitable partner.
By reducing the hunger, weight loss will certainly not only be not directly induced, it will certainly also be straight induced by Clen when the complimentary fatty tissue mass ratio and fat mass proportion is improved.
Clenbuterol is an anabolic steroid which can be made use of as asthma medicine although it has actually not been approved for use in Mazeikiai Lithuania as a result of its long one-half life.
It has a drawback of quiting feature after several weeks of use. It appears that the even more of Clenbuterol you have in your body, the even more the physical body will certainly get utilized to it and the much less it is visiting work and the less fat deposits it will quit burning at this point.
This can be extremely discouraging for any individual in Mazeikiai Lithuania which was anticipating fast outcomes. Also then, you can combat this effect by taking unique prescription anti-histamines like periactim in the 3rd week of using Clenbuterol.
As for other drawbacks of using Clenbuterol it may not benefit your heart so any individual in Mazeikiai Lithuania with heart problems like hypertension has to avoid Clenbuterol.
Several of the side effects of Clenbuterol show in the initial few days of using this steroid just before the body get utilized to having it in the physical body, yet after at some point you will not be anxious or nervous when utilizing Clenbuterol. Start with a little dose and enhance them yet never ever review 200mcgs.
Ephedrine-Free Fat Burning Representative. Keep the pounds off! Clenbuterol is an incredibly effective formula that securely raises your metabolic rate to shred the fat off and keep it off.
Clenn-MAX is rapid acting and one of the most powerful Clen choice formula easily available in Mazeikiai Lithuania over the counter for reshaping your body.
Clenbuterol is a popular item used by athletes, stars and for leisure functions in Mazeikiai Lithuania. CLENN is versatile sufficient to be utilized during bulking and reducing patterns and contains simply one of the most superior active ingredients for instant outcomes.
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2019-04-19T02:17:55Z
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https://communigeek.net/buy-clenbuterol-steroids-in-mazeikiai-lithuania.html
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i like dragons ! this one is well pixed !
There's a white fastidious pixel on the neck.
Excellent work. Especially the scales and detail on the head.
i liked this job and color/tons.
I love this Pixel Art, awsome job!.
I really like the way you did the scales of the dragon.. very original ... nice colors too..
very nice like the texture....too bad its not the whole dragon!
you dragon whore :P still any plans on doing the rest of this?
Wow..I really like the pixel texture on the back of his neck..
you have to finish the body!
excellent palette. Go finish the body now and you've got a winner here!
Maybe you'd want to add another, differently tinted light source - be it a fire breath or something else- to avoid the blue/purple color ramp to become too monotous.
Awesome shading and dithering. Can't wait to see the body.
I hope to see this with a completed body someday.
beautiful. I would prefer diff color eyes, but keeping low color count is important too.
Please do the rest. This is brilliant. I'm plenty sure, that more work on the body, with the same brilliant execution as the head as shown, and you'll take Stoven's dragon out from the top. Man, your improvement is phenominal, especially with just five colors. Keep it up!
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2019-04-18T10:32:15Z
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http://pixeljoint.com/pixelart/10344.htm
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The Champions League reaches the semi-finals stage this week, with two mouth-watering ties scheduled to be played on Tuesday and Wednesday.
Liverpool and Roma go head-to-head in the first leg of their tie on Tuesday, while Bayern Munich and Real Madrid meet the following day. The return legs are set to take place on May 1 & 2.
Read on as we preview both semi-final ties.
Liverpool haven’t won the Champions League since 2005, but their quarter-final victory over highly-fancied Manchester City raised hopes that they could end that barren run.
However, Roma’s second leg performance against Barcelona in the previous round showed that it would be foolish to underestimate them.
The Serie A side were beaten 4-1 by Barcelona in the first leg of their quarter-final tie, but they battled back in the return game to win 3-0 and progress to the last four on away goals.
The Reds are priced at 2/5 with bet365 to qualify for the final, with Roma available at 7/4.
Liverpool comfortably progressed through the group stages without losing a game, and they have seen off both Porto and Man City in the knockout rounds.
Roma finished top of their group above Chelsea and Atletico Madrid in the first stage and their subsequent victories over Shakhtar Donetsk and Barca will give them confidence that they can defeat Liverpool.
Mohamed Salah continued his superb form for Liverpool with his 41st goal of the season at West Bromwich Albion in the Premier League on Saturday and he is priced at 11/5 to score two or more goals on Tuesday.
Bayern Munich face holders Real Madrid in the last four of the Champions League aiming to reach the final for the first time since 2013.
Bayern booked their place in the semi-finals with a 2-1 aggregate success against Sevilla, while Real needed Cristiano Ronaldo’s last minute penalty to see off Juventus 4-3 overall.
The German club are priced at Evens to progress to the final, with Madrid on offer at 3/4.
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2019-04-19T18:30:28Z
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http://www.onlinesportson.net/champions-league-semi-finals-preview-2018.html
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Directs and oversees the preparation and distribution of all periodic financial statements for external use. Ensures that reports, filings and documentation complies with company's regulations, professional standards, and SEC and GAAP reporting guidelines. Confirms that entries, transactions, and accounts are accurately and properly consolidated and are included in internal and external financial statements. Advises management of trends and changes in reporting requirements and recommends best approach for any changes in reporting. May serve as a liaison with or oversee the work of external auditors. May direct the preparation of materials for board or shareholders. Requires a bachelor's degree of Accounting or Finance. Typically reports to top management. Manages a departmental sub-function within a broader departmental function. Creates functional strategies and specific objectives for the sub-function and develops budgets/policies/procedures to support the functional infrastructure. Deep knowledge of the managed sub-function and solid knowledge of the overall departmental function. Typically requires 5+ years of managerial experience.
These charts show the average base salary (core compensation), as well as the average total compensation for the job of Financial Reporting Director in the United States. The base salary for Financial Reporting Director ranges from $115,698 to $150,332 with the average base salary of $136,779. The total compensation, which includes bonus, health and retirement, can vary anywhere from $127,667 to $176,378 with the average total compensation of $146,164.
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2019-04-22T23:56:01Z
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https://www1.salary.com/Financial-Reporting-Director-Salary.html
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Perennial Star Street favourite and 2018 Michelin's Bib Gourmand winner, Beef & Liberty is shutting its Wan Chai hotspot on 23 April 2018.
In the closure announcement posted on Facebook, re-development of the Star Street neighbourhood was cited as the reason behind the sudden closing. Despite the closure of the Wan Chai branch location, Beef & Liberty's new location at T1 of Hong Kong's International Airport is scheduled to open later this month. The other outlets in Lan Kwai Fong and Stanley will still remain open.
To 'celebrate,' the Beef & Liberty team will be hosting a Big Green Egg Rooftop BBQ on Sunday, 22 Aprll 2018 from 12:00pm to 3:00pm for lunch and 6:00pm to 9:00pm for dinner. Grab your tickets, here. Looking for the best restaurants in Star Street now that Beef & Liberty is closed? Check out our handy Star Street Restaurant Guide!
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2019-04-19T06:28:47Z
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https://www.hkfoodstories.com/home/wan-chais-beef-liberty-to-close-on-23-april-2018
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2019-04-18T14:20:52Z
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2019-04-20T17:14:19Z
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https://www.terkko.helsinki.fi/booknavigator/classical-greek-philology-and-language
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ini harus di crack dulu gan?
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2019-04-20T22:36:54Z
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https://www.mazterize.com/fabfilter-total-bundle-full-version.html
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Trophies are passed down from generation to generation and stay in the family – just as entrepreneurial flair and a passion for trophies has stayed in the Toulet Van Bael family.
The current heads of the business, Michèle Van Bael and her husband Luk Van Den Haute, represent the third generation. They carry with them the knowledge and experience of the past, but customer focus and a keen interest in innovation and new market developments are also second nature to them.
locks (also known as “Constateurs”). However, when Danny and his wife Christine saw the success of trophy production in the USA, they quickly took the step of expanding and producing their own trophies.
Toulet Van Bael, the leading name in trophies, was born, and moved from central Brussels to Anderlecht.
In 1997, Danny and Christine’s daughter Michèle took over the running of the firm. To improve customer focus still further, investment was made in a spacious showroom at larger premises in Anderlecht, new engraving and laser machines were purchased so that any product could be personalised, and the stock was further expanded to meet the demand for both extensive choice and rapid delivery.
Today, the firm’s customers are not just sports clubs and organisations: businesses also come to Toulet Van Bael for awards, business trophies and other items.
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2019-04-26T04:24:25Z
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https://www.award-shop.eu/about-toulet-van-bael/
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Can you help the SSPCA?
The Scottish SPCA is appealing to the kind-hearted people of Aberdeen to help at the pets at home Santa Paws event to raise vital funds for abused, abandoned and injured animals over the festive period.
Scotland’s animal welfare charity is looking for anyone who can spare even an hour of their time; it’s a great festive activity to do with friends, work colleagues or alone to meet new people.
Aberdeen animal, rescue and rehoming centre manager Graeme Innes said: “From now until December 24, folk can visit the Aberdeen Pets at Home store where they will get the chance to meet Scottish SPCA volunteers, supporters, staff members and dogs from the Scottish SPCA’s animal rescue and rehoming centres.
Regular volunteer Heather Rawles said: "I have found that people in Aberdeenshire are very supportive of charities, and there is great respect for the work that the Scottish SPCA do!
For more information on Scottish SPCA fundraising events please email fundraising@scottishspca.org or call fundraising on 03000 999 999 (option 4).
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2019-04-23T06:59:16Z
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https://www.mearnsleader.co.uk/whats-on/volunteers-needed-for-santa-paws-event-1-4311348
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Two games are included in this pack; a sorting game with the flower pots and a continuous flash card game with the word cards and the BUZZ cards.
For the SORTING GAMEchoose either full page or half page versions of the pots. Cut out the word cards, putting the BUZZ cards to the side. Choose the following card sizes: small for individual or partners, medium for small groups, and large for whole group. Students will sort the cards onto the real words and silly words pots.*For individual work during a center time, you can also have them write the words on the included recording sheet for teacher review.For the CONTINUOUS FLASH CARD GAME(this is a really lengthy name for the students, I usually just call it BUZZ for them), cut out the word cards and the BUZZ cards and place them in a cup or a bag. Small groups or the whole class can pass the cup around taking cards out and saying the word. Students will keep the card if they said the word correctly. If students take out a BUZZ card, they must put the BUZZ card back, as well as any word cards they had previously taken out.
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2019-04-23T15:01:26Z
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http://kimteach.com/flower-cvc-word-games-2-games-in-one/
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We are currently seeking a Full Time Lead Rad Tech to fill a key role with our clients community based facility. In this position, you will work with the radiology director in order to coordinate staff and lead with best practices and procedures. This position is perfect for you if you are currently practicing as a Rad Tech and are looking for the next step. Offering very competitive pay, excellent benefits, plus a sign-on relo package.
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2019-04-18T12:23:44Z
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https://www.jobswipe.net/exit/?jobHash=062DF416D0B36009B26DD0211626A3B9
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These success stories make for rewarding reading, so invest a few minutes to discover how our ERP can help you connect your business better.
Marsden Maritime Holdings’ diverse operations include managing tenants, developing property, operating a marina precinct at Marsden Cove and running a share-milking operation on their farmland. Their custom-built, legacy financial management system was holding them back. MYOB Advanced offered an unprecedented level of integration for improved reporting and time savings.
A publicly listed company and majority-owned by the Northland Regional Council, Marsden Maritime needed more from their reporting than your average organisation. They were also on a fast-growth trajectory, with a focus on diversification. Their existing software was old, antiquated and simply didn’t offer the functionality the company needed. It offered no integration, and report writing was particularly limited.
“It meant long hours creating reports in Excel, and there was also a risk of human error with that too,” explains Gavin.
It was also unsupported – only one person in New Zealand knew how it worked.
"Report writing was very limited, so it meant long hours creating reports in Excel, and there was also a risk of human error with that too."
Advanced had functionality that seemed to fit Marsden Maritime perfectly. With a cloud-based solution, Gavin’s small team avoided large capital expenditure, while futureproofing themselves.
Advanced can easily handle real-time tracking of multiple development project costs. This used to be done manually – now it goes straight into the system.
“As soon as the invoices come in, they’re tracked so you know where you are. If you have timely information, you have better decision making,” Gavin explains.
"Advanced fits the team now, but it’s easy to scale without any capital investment. We can just grow."
Gavin was impressed with MYOB Advanced’s flexibility in reporting, and how well the report writer integrates with other tools.
“It saves two working days in a monthly cycle, and requires far less manual formatting,” he says.
This has also given him and his team more timely access to information.
“It means you have a lot more oversight, so we can make better decisions,” says Gavin.
The integration has simplified the management of all the varied areas of the business.
“Being fully integrated, you’re not spread across different systems trying to pull everything together. It really suits us,” says Gavin.
"If we had to do it over, we would go with MYOB Advanced again. We’re happy – and I think my team would say that too."
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2019-04-24T00:40:40Z
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https://www.myob.com/nz/enterprise/case-studies/marsden-maritime-holdings
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Fairview is a Borough located in Bergen County, New Jersey. As of the United States 2000 Census, the borough had a total population of 13,255.
Fairview is located at 40°49'0" North, 74°0'3" West (40.816737, -74.000826).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.2 km2), of which, 0.9 square miles (2.2 km2) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,255 people, 4,861 households, and 3,179 families residing in the borough. The population density was 15,585.5 people per square mile (6,020.9/km2). There were 4,988 housing units at an average density of 5,865.0/sq mi (2,265.7/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 72.46% White, 1.71% African American, 0.38% Native American, 4.97% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 12.92% from other races, and 7.53% from two or more races. 37.05% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
As of the 2000 census, 4.6% of Fairview's residents identified themselves as being of Croatian ancestry. This was the 16th highest percentage in the United States and the highest percentage of people with Croatian ancestry in any place in New Jersey with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry. In the same census, 2.4% of Fairview's residents identified themselves as being of Armenian-American ancestry, the 18th highest percentage of Armenian American people in any place in the United States with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry.
In the borough the population was spread out with 21.1% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 34.6% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 106.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.
Today Fairview has a large Latino population. The Latino groups are very diverse. The populations consist of Cubans, Dominicans, Colombians, Ecuadorians and Central Americans.
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2019-04-24T14:11:30Z
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http://fairviewborough.com/index.php/community
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Dr. Robert A. McCulla is thrilled to offer braces in Turlock, California, to children, teens, and adults who wish to transform their smile from bland to brilliant!
Braces are metal appliances that add pressure to your teeth and gradually shift them into the desired positions throughout time. Metal brackets will be glued to the services of your teeth and those brackets will be connected by a metal wire. If your jaw needs a readjustment, your orthodontic process will also involve the use of rubber bands. The rubber bands will be placed on specific brackets to apply the needed pressure to your jaw to reposition the bone. We also offer rubber bands to decorate your braces in any way you would like. This is a great way to customize the appliance to your liking.
Throughout your orthodontic treatment, you will come into Turlock Dental Care every so often and get your braces tightened. This is a very important step of the process because it will make your teeth continually shift. When you have braces, your teeth will adjust to the pressure the appliances apply to them and they will no longer move. When you come into our office to get your braces tightened, your dentist will reapply the pressure to help the process along.
To learn more about braces, we invite you to give our office a call today! We look forward to answering any questions you might have.
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2019-04-24T18:26:55Z
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https://www.turlockdentalcare.com/dental-care/cosmetic-dentistry/braces/
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2019-04-20T01:05:39Z
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https://pbbc.church/pastsermons
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There's no denying the love here! These slide sandals feature an oversized strap with a beaded design. Cushioned insole.
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Free People by She Made Me olive green bikini top and bottom. Cotton crochet. Lined. Shell detailing on bandeau bikini top. Stretchy cotton. First photo is for styling purposes only. The bikini for sale is olive green.
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Mactan Island happens to be home to one of the few double bank reefs in the world. Situated at the heart of the planet’s richest area for marine biodiversity, the region has become a haven for divers from all over the world. The marine life is so rich and plentiful, that one need not even venture far from shore for spectacular visibility and underwater vistas.
Bigfoot Underwater Studios is located within the Bigfoot facilities at the Bigfoot I.T. and Media Park in Mactan Island, Cebu Philippines.
Copyright @ 2019 Bigfoot Entertainment. All Rights Reserved.
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2019-04-20T21:04:12Z
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http://www.uw-studio.com/location
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As their first new album release in three years approaches, Drive-By Truckers has announced a 36-show concert tour spanning over three and a half months of 2014. Titled English Oceans and led by the first single, “Pauline Hawkins,” the new album is scheduled to hit shelves March 4, while the tour will begin over a month prior on January 31 with the first of two dates in Asheville, NC. The next three shows will be in the band’s homebase of Athens, GA, at the 40 Watt Club, and then they will embark on 25 more North American dates including Terminal 5 in New York City and the Civic Theatre in New Orleans. Six more European stops in May will round out the lineup.
This will be Matt Patton’s second tour as a bassist for Drive-By Truckers but his first as an official member of the band. His first tour with them in Spring 2012 was as a replacement for Shonna Tucker after she left the band between recording Go-Go Boots and the supporting tour. In addition to their new internal structure, outside bands along for the ride in support of the Drive-By Truckers tour include Blitzen Trapper, St. Paul & the Broken Bones, Willie Nelson, and Shovels & Rope. Nelson will only be joining Patterson Hood and crew for one show in Berkeley, CA, on April 12. Keep your eyes peeled for updates in case any more shows are added to the tour or more details are released about the new Drive-By Truckers album!
5/10 Dublin IRL Vicar St.
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2019-04-22T06:51:58Z
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https://seatgeek.com/tba/music/drive-by-truckers-tour-dates-concert-tickets/
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Contact surveys and diaries have conventionally been used to measure contact networks in different settings for elucidating infectious disease transmission dynamics of respiratory infections. More recently, technological advances have permitted the use of wireless sensor devices, which can be worn by individuals interacting in a particular social context to record high resolution mixing patterns. To date, a direct comparison of these two different methods for collecting contact data has not been performed.
We studied the contact network at a United States high school in the spring of 2012. All school members (i.e., students, teachers, and other staff) were invited to wear wireless sensor devices for a single school day, and asked to remember and report the name and duration of all of their close proximity conversational contacts for that day in an online contact survey. We compared the two methods in terms of the resulting network densities, nodal degrees, and degree distributions. We also assessed the correspondence between the methods at the dyadic and individual levels.
We found limited congruence in recorded contact data between the online contact survey and wireless sensors. In particular, there was only negligible correlation between the two methods for nodal degree, and the degree distribution differed substantially between both methods. We found that survey underreporting was a significant source of the difference between the two methods, and that this difference could be improved by excluding individuals who reported only a few contact partners. Additionally, survey reporting was more accurate for contacts of longer duration, and very inaccurate for contacts of shorter duration. Finally, female participants tended to report more accurately than male participants.
Online contact surveys and wireless sensor devices collected incongruent network data from an identical setting. This finding suggests that these two methods cannot be used interchangeably for informing models of infectious disease dynamics.
Contact network data are useful for parameterizing models that aim to understand and predict infectious disease dynamics. For example, the dynamics of sexually transmitted diseases [1–5] and droplet transmitted diseases [6–10] in humans, in addition to various infectious diseases of livestock and wild animals [11–15], are all better understood because of monitoring and modeling the interaction between the respective hosts.
Various network statistics can be computed to investigate how disease might spread across networks, some of which correlate very well with the behavior of host-pathogen systems. For instance, individuals who have many different contact partners (also known as degree) per period of time are more likely to become infected, to infect others, and to become infected earlier during an epidemic than individuals with fewer contact partners [5, 16, 17]. Moreover, even pathogens with low infectiousness can cause epidemics in networks with a highly disperse degree distribution, as opposed to - otherwise similar - networks with a narrow degree distribution . In highly clustered contact networks, the local depletion of hosts results in decreased disease spread [19, 20], and disease incidence growth is polynomial rather than exponential, as observed in unclustered networks . Finally, in networks with a very strong community structure (i.e., networks that can be easily separated into densely connected groups), individuals that connect different communities play a more important role for infectious disease spread than highly connected individuals within communities .
Several methods have been employed for measuring epidemiologically relevant contact data of host populations, including direct observations, videotaping, contact diaries and surveys, as well as wireless sensor network technologies . In this paper, we focus on contact surveys and wireless sensor networks, both of which capture contacts that are sufficient for droplet transmission. Contact surveys for droplet transmitted infections were first introduced in 1997 , and have become a popular method for measuring the structure of potentially contagious contacts [25–30]. In contact surveys or contact diaries, study participants attempt to recall all contacts which meet a given definition and record these contacts on a paper or web-based survey form. More recently, wireless sensor networks have become available as a method for measuring contact networks [8, 31–35]. Currently, these sensors all use similar technologies, are small, and can be easily worn by persons of all ages. The devices emit electromagnetic signals, which are detected and recorded by other sensors within a predefined distance.
The merits and drawbacks of various methods of contact network data collection, including surveys and sensors, have recently been reviewed . Furthermore, several methodological contributions have assessed the features of the survey method. For example, one study compared retrospective and prospective survey designs , another study compared a web-based mode of data collection with a paper-based one , and a third study compared paper-based diaries with data collection on personal digital assistants (PDAs) . Additionally, a recent study assessed reporting errors and biases in contact survey studies .
While both contact surveys and wireless sensor networks have their own particular strengths and weaknesses, a direct empirical comparison to understand whether these frequently applied methods can be used interchangeably has not yet been done. Here, we present the first study to our knowledge that compares contact surveys and wireless sensor networks as methods for collecting contact network data during a single school day at a United States (US) high school.
This study was part of a bigger project . The Pennsylvania State University Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this project (IRB #37640), and the project was also approved under the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) IRB authorization agreement.
The project consisted of two parts, (1) a survey and wireless sensor network part (here) as well as (2) a disease surveillance part (including swabbing; data not used in this paper). Informed consent was obtained from all participants for the survey and wireless sensor network part, and all personal identifying information was removed after contact partner reports were matched with sensor IDs. Additionally, parental consent was obtained for the disease surveillance part for all participants younger than 18.
The contact network study was carried out at a US high school in the spring of 2012. When the data were collected, the entire school population was 974, which included 715 students as well as 259 teachers and other staff. The school was a full-time school and school days had between four and seven periods of 50 or 75 minutes duration. The student population was split in two halves for lunch break, one half having an early, one having a late break. Further, there were time slots assigned for school meetings, advisor meeting, and school clubs.
We did not offer individual incentives to participating students, teachers, or other staff. We did, however, involve the school community by offering scientific projects related to the study, in which students could participate and gain new skills.
Wearable wireless sensor devices, herein referred to as motes, store close proximity records (CPR), which are a detection events between two motes. We used TelosB motes that were programmed to detect each other if the distance between them was two meters or less and only during face-to-face interactions (see Figure S4 in ). A distance cut-off of two meters was used in previous contact studies [30, 38], and it corresponds well with theoretical work on droplet travel distances . The mote beacon frequency was set to three per minute (i.e., every 20 seconds).
We distributed motes to students, teachers, and other staff at the high school on three days in the spring of 2012 . During each deployment day, motes were placed in a pouch attached to a lanyard, and worn around participants’ necks during the school day. Each mote was labeled with a unique identification (ID) number. During the first mote day, participants reported on a paper form their full names and provided an e-mail address if they wanted to complete a web-based contact survey. Because we were interested in directly comparing the contact data collected by the motes to self-reported contact survey data, we only used mote data retrieved from the third mote deployment day, Tuesday, March 13, 2012, which was the same day for which the study participants were asked to report contacts in the web-based survey.
CPRs are concordant, if two motes record each other’s signal at the same time. Discordance means that only one mote recorded another mote’s signal, but not vice versa. Discordances were resolved by imputing missing CPRs.
Following close collaboration with school administrators to assess the appropriate timing, we distributed the web-based contact survey to participants by email on Wednesday, March 14, one day after the third mote deployment day. The school population was repeatedly informed when the contact survey would be sent by email and what day participants would be requested to remember their contact partners.
The online survey asked participants to recall and report all contacts that they had while at school the previous day, Tuesday, March 13. A contact in the survey was defined as a person with whom the participant had one or more interactions that (i) were a maximum of two arms-lengths apart, (ii) more than a 10-word conversation, and (iii) occurred only while at school. The distance cut-off of two arms-lengths was chosen as an easier-to-use proxy for the two meters cut-off that was defined for the wireless sensor network.
Contacts were entered in rows that consisted of two free text fields, where participants could enter the first and last name of their contact partners (or only one of the two if the other was unknown), and radio buttons to report the approximate aggregate contact duration (choice of 5 options: less than 5 minutes, 5 to 15 minutes, 15 to 60 minutes, 1 to 4 hours, longer than 4 hours). Initially, there was one empty row for the first contact. Participants could generate an unlimited number of further rows by pressing a clearly visible button labeled “add another contact”. Reminder emails were sent four days later, before the survey closed on Sunday, March 18.
As described above, survey participants were requested to report the names of all contact partners among the school population in the web-based contact survey. These names had to be matched with names associated with sensor ID numbers to make the two sources of data comparable. To do this, we developed a partly automated computer program to match the survey contacts with a list that linked participant names to sensor IDs.
For every contact partner reported by a study participant in the survey, we assessed the similarity of the contact’s name to the names of all individuals who participated in the mote study. We calculated average similarity scores for the first and last names combined, as well as similarity scores for both first and last names separately. The similarity scores could take values between 0 (totally different) and 1 (perfect match) and were defined as (2×M)/T, where T is the total number of elements in both text sequences and M is the number of matches . Similarity scores were calculated using the ratio() method of the SequenceMatcher class of the difflib Library for Python 2.7.3 that is included in the Enthought Python Distribution 7.3-1 (32 bit).
A reported name was automatically replaced by the sensor ID if a perfect match between a mote study participant and a reported contact partner was found. The name was also automatically replaced by the sensor ID if all three of the following conditions were fulfilled: (i) either the first or the last name was a perfect match; (ii) the other part (i.e., either first or last) of the name had to have a similarity score of at least 0.9; (iii) there was only one match with a maximal similarity score and no additional names had the same score. If a matching problem could not be solved automatically, the names were manually reconciled by study staff, who were provided with the reported name and (i) the five mote study participants’ names with the highest average similarity score, (ii) the five names with the highest last name similarity scores, and (iii) the five names with the highest first name similarity scores. Study staff could then decide if one of the provided names matched the reported name, if the reported name was clearly a person who did not participate in the mote study (recode value was 999 instead of an ID), or if the matching problem could not be solved unambiguously (recode value 888 instead of an ID).
To ensure that all personal identifying information was removed from the contact data, each individual was given a new randomly allocated ID number.
We compared the nodal degree reported from each web-based contact survey (without correcting for discordant reports) to the nodal degree recorded by the mote of each respective participant. To visualize congruence and difference in individual nodal degrees, we used scatter plots that map the mote-based degree of each participant on to her/his survey-based degree. We rendered plots for (i) all contacts reported/measured, (ii) all contacts of more than 5 minutes in duration, and (iii) all contacts of more than 15 minutes in duration. To assess the association between survey- and mote-based degree, we calculated the Kendall’s Tau rank correlation coefficient and estimated the corresponding 2-sided p-value. Finally, we visualized degree distributions for both survey- and mote-based contact data with kernel density plots. All plots were rendered using ggplot2 (version 0.9.3) that we linked into our main code (written in Python) with rpy2 (version 2.3.1, R version 2.15.2).
Having both contact survey and mote data collected from exactly the same setting, we analyzed whether differences in the two methods were a result of (i) underreporting of survey participants, or (ii) differences in the contact definitions underlying the two methods.
We used a previously developed method to estimate reporting probabilities from the web-based contact survey. Briefly, the method is based on the premises that each contact should ideally be reported by two individuals, and that concordant and discordant contact reports can be used to estimate reporting probabilities.
There are three possible combinations of reports:(i) both participants reported contact with each other (the number of such reports is labeled N 1 ss ), (ii) contact was reported by only one of the two involved participants ( N 2 + 3 ss ), and (iii) neither of the two involved participants reported the contact ( N 4 ss , which is unknown).
The average probability estimate that a contact of a specific duration t is reported by a member of the population is then given by the equation P = N 1 ss / N 1 ss + 1 2 N 2 + 3 ss . The complementary probability, Q, of not reporting a contact of duration t is Q = 1 - P. Figures 1a and b provide an illustration of how we calculated survey reporting probabilities. Probabilities were calculated for four types of contact durations: (a) 5 minutes or less; (b) 5 to 15 minutes; (c) 15 to 60 minutes; (d) 1 to 4 hours. Thereby, we assumed the higher contact duration value of every pair of contact reports to be true. Very few contacts lasted more than 4 hours; therefore, these contacts were excluded from the analysis.
Models of contact reporting probabilities. (a) Contact reporting probabilities based on pairs of survey reports (ss), where a circle stands for a contact reported (grey) or not reported (white) by a survey participant. There are four possible combinations: (i) N 1 ss where both contact partners report the contact, (ii) N 2 ss and (iii) N 3 ss where only one of the contact partners report the contact (since N 2 ss and N 3 ss are indistinguishable, we use their sum N 2 + 3 ss ), and (iv) N 4 ss where none of the two contact partners report the contact. (b) All possible combinations of survey reporting statuses, where P stands for the probability of reporting a contact and Q is the complement. (c) Survey reports and mote detections of contacts combined (sm), where a rectangle stands for a contact detected (grey) or not detected (white) by a pair of motes. There are four possible combinations: (i) N 1 sm where a contact pair is reported in the survey and recorded by motes, (ii) N 2 sm and (iii) N 3 sm where only the survey or motes recorded the contact, and (iv) N 4 sm where a contact that actually took place was neither reported nor detected by a mote. (d) P s and P m stand for average survey and mote reporting probabilities, and Q s and Q m are the average probability of a survey or mote not recording a contact respectively. (e) The estimated proportion of the difference between survey and mote data that can be attributed to survey underreporting, based on the models (b) and (d). Here, N 1 ' sm is the estimated amount of contacts detected by the motes and also reported by the study participants if there was no underreporting (estimate is based on P), N 1 ' sm - N 1 sm is the estimated amount of mote-detected but not survey-reported contacts due to underreporting, and N 3 ' sm , is the estimated amount of non-reporting due to differences in contact definitions between the survey and mote studies.
We expanded on the method described above by calculating differences between contact survey reporting and mote recordings. The probability that a contact is reported in the survey study, P s , conditional on being detected by the motes, P m , is defined as P s = N 1 sm / N 1 sm + N 3 sm . Survey reporting is expected to be incomplete and, hence, P s < 1 and Q s > 0, where Q s is the probability of a contact detected by a mote but not reported in the survey. Figures 1c and d provide an illustration of the methods we used to calculate the probability that a mote detection is reported as a contact in the survey. Differences in reporting between the surveys and motes were calculated independently for each of the four contact duration categories described above. Thereby, we assumed the contact duration measured by the wireless sensor network to be true.
The non-reporting of contacts that were detected by the motes, represented by N 3 sm , can have two causes: (i) underreporting by study participants (probability Q), or (ii) differences in the contact definitions underlying both the mote and the survey study. Regarding the latter: motes measure all face-to-face collocation events with a maximal distance of two meters between any two study participants, while the survey’s contact definition only includes conversational contact. Hence, even with perfect reporting, we would expect legitimately fewer survey contact reports than mote detections. Figure 1e illustrates the relationship between differences in both contact datasets (i) due to underreporting ( N 1 ' sm - N 1 sm ), (ii) due to differences in contact definitions ( N 3 ' sm ), and relative to the total difference between both datasets ( N 3 sm ).
The proportion of the difference between mote measurements and survey data that is caused by underreporting is given by N 1 ' sm - N 1 sm / N 3 sm ; the proportion of the difference that is caused by differing contact definitions is given by N 3 ' sm / N 3 sm = 1 - N 1 ' sm - N 1 sm / N 3 sm .
Individual differences in reporting probabilities cannot be estimated using only survey contact data (see supplementary material in ); however, our data allow us to calculate differences in individual reporting probabilities between contact survey data and the mote data, as we assumed that all motes record data with the same accuracy. To assess individual reporting differences, we determined individual P s values for each participant and also for each of the four time duration categories. Individual differences in reporting quality could then be specifically attributed to differences at the individual level.
We assessed individual differences in reporting quality for all participants together, but also for groups defined by gender and by age. Differences between the mean individual reporting probabilities of these groups were tested for significance using a permutation test with 99999 permutation resamples.
The mote derived contact network dataset covers CPRs from 487 (50.0%) individuals of the entire school population, and 320 (32.9%) of them also participated in the base survey, that asked questions about demographics and health. Two hundred and fifty six (26.3%) individuals participated in the contact survey and 245 (25.2%) reported at least one matchable contact in the survey. There were 178 participants (18.3%) for whom we had demographic information, at least one matchable contact report, and mote data. Of those, for whom we had all information, 109 (61.2%) were female and 69 (38.8%) were male. Furthermore, 138 (77.5%) were students and 40 (22.5%) were teachers or other staff.
Of the 1935 contact reports (i.e., directed ties) in the web-based survey, 253 (13.1%) were reported to have lasted less than 5 minutes, 507 (26.2%) were from 5 to 15 minutes, 986 (51.0%) were from 15 to 60 minutes, 179 (9.3%) were from 1 to 4 hours, and 10 (0.5%) were reported to have lasted more than 4 hours. Of these 1935 contact reports, 1475 (76.2%) could be clearly linked to mote study participants, 32 (1.7%) were not clearly identifiable and were given the ID value 888, and 428 (22.1%) referred to members of the school population who did not participate in the study. Three of the 32 not clearly identifiable names were from contacts with a duration of less than 5 minutes, 7 were from contacts with a duration between 5 and 15 minutes, 19 were from contacts with a duration between 15 and 60 minutes, and 3 were from contacts with a duration between 1 and 4 hours.
Most survey participants - 154 or 60.2% - submitted contact reports on the first day of data collection (March 14), and the degree distribution had a mean of 8.0. On the second day of data collection, 31 (12.1%) participants submitted contact reports; the mean degree was 10.4. On the third day, 61 (23.8%) participants submitted contact reports; the mean degree was 5.3. Ten additional participants submitted reports on the following days with a mean degree of 3.8. The degree distributions for the different report submission days are shown in Figure 2.
Survey degree by day of data submission. Box-and-whisker plots showing the reported degree distribution by day of data submission. Day 1 refers to the first day of data collection, March 14.
The motes detected a total of 13972 unique contacts. The vast majority of these contacts (11698 contacts or 83.7%) had an accumulated duration of less than 5 minutes; 1334 (9.5%) lasted 5 to 15 minutes, 899 (6.4%) 15 to 60 minutes, 38 (0.3%) 1 to 4 hours, and 3 (< 0.1%) longer than 4 hours.
The scale of the mote-based nodal degree distribution was approximately one order of magnitude higher than the scale of the survey-based nodal degree distribution when all contact durations were included in the analysis (Figure 3a). The scale of the mote-based degree distribution moved closer to the scale of the survey-based distribution when contacts with short durations were successively excluded from the analysis (Figures 3c and e). Further, there was no statistically significant correlation (at an alpha level of 0.05) between nodal degrees measured by the motes compared to nodal degrees measured by the web-based contact survey when all contacts were included (Figure 3b; τ = 0.097, p = 0.067), whereas we could detect significant, but rather weak correlation (i) when contacts shorter than 5 minutes were excluded (Figure 3d; τ = 0.142, p = 0.008), and (ii) when contacts shorter than 15 minutes were excluded (Figure 3f; τ = 0.206, p = 0.000).
Mote versus survey degree. Left column (a, c, e): kernel density estimates for survey (red) and mote (blue) degree distributions. Right column (b, d, f): jittered scatterplots of the nodal degrees as measured by the mote study versus the nodal degrees as measured by the survey study. 1st row (a and b): all contacts included; 2nd row (c and d): only contacts longer than 5 minutes included; 3rd row (e and f): only contacts longer than 15 minutes included.
In total, 133 (23.5%) web-based survey contacts had concordant reports (i.e., the contact was reported by both participants) and 432 (76.5%) contacts were reported by only one study participant, but not by the other. Furthermore, 536 (3.5%; see Table 1: 15523 contacts in total – 14893 mote-recorded, but not reported – 94 reported, but not mote-recorded) survey contact reports corresponded to a mote-recorded contact and 14893 (96.5%) mote-recorded contacts were not reported by the respective participant. Table 2 shows a cross-tabulation for concordant and discordant records only from the survey data. Table 1 shows the distribution of all concordant and discordant records of survey and mote data across the five contact duration categories. Reporting probabilities, P, reporting probabilities conditional on mote detection, P s , and proportion of differences in mote and survey data due to underreporting, N 1 ' sm - N 1 sm / N 3 sm , are shown for different contact durations and different networks in Table 3.
Columns give the number of contacts detected by motes by five duration categories and also the number of contacts that were not detected by the motes, but reported by a participant. Rows give the number of contacts reported by survey participants and also the number of contacts that were detected by the motes, but were not reported by the respective participant. Each percentage within a cell represents percentage of the row (right) and column totals (lower).
Cell frequencies represent the reports by contact duration for pairs of participants. That is, participant A’s and participant B’s reports about their contact with each other comprise a single observation in the table. Columns give the higher contact duration report, and rows show the lower report. If a contact was reported by only one participant in a pair, then the lower duration value is ‘not reported’. Each percentage within a cell represents percentage of the row (right) and column totals (lower).
Reporting probabilities of (i) survey reporting, P, (ii) reporting probabilities conditional on mote detection, P s , and (iii) proportion of differences in mote and survey data due to underreporting, N 1 ' sm - N 1 sm / N 3 sm . Percentages for P, P s , and N 1 ' sm - N 1 sm / N 3 sm were calculated for four predefined different contact duration categories and for five different networks (all participating individuals included; only participating individuals with a degree of more than 1, 2, 3, or 4 included), all compared to P values calculated from a previous study .
The main results are that (i) the reporting probability is considerably higher for contacts with a long duration than for contacts with a short duration, and that (ii) underreporting accounts for approximately one third to half of the difference between sensor-based and survey-based contact data.
Differences between mote and survey data at the individual participant level are illustrated in Figure 4. Consistent with average reporting probabilities, individual reporting probabilities increased with increasing contact duration. Excluding individuals with very few contact reports (i.e., degree lower than 2, 3, 4, or 5) amplified the overall reporting quality considerably. The probability to report a contact of ≤ 5 minutes duration that was detected by a pair of motes was very small: the median reporting probability for all participants was zero and even the 3rd quartile was close to zero. Only two participants achieved reporting probabilities of more than 25% for the less than 5 minute contact duration category. In contrast, the median reporting probability for the contacts that lasted longer than one hour was 100%.
Individual reporting probabilities. Distributions of P s (calculated for all individuals separately) rendered as box-and-whisker plots. P s values are provided separately for the four duration categories < 5 minutes, 5 to 15 minutes, 15 to 60 minutes, and 1 to 4 hours. The red box-and-whisker plots show the distributions for all individuals, the olive ones for individuals who reported at least two contacts, the green ones for individuals who reported at least three contacts, the blue ones for individuals with at least four contacts, and the pink ones for individuals with at least five contacts. The whiskers extend from the median line to the highest/lowest value that is within 1.5 times the interquartile range.
When the study population was divided into a female and a male group, clear differences in the individual reporting probabilities between these groups appeared: While the mean reporting probability of females was 2.2% in the less than 5 minute contact duration category, we estimated only 1.1% for the male participants (p = 0.020, one sided test). In the category of 5 to 15 minutes, we estimated the mean reporting probability of female participants to be 12.4% and that of males 6.9% (p = 0.026). For 15 to 60 minutes, we estimated 30.9% for females and 18.7% for males (p = 0.006), and for 1 to 4 hours, we estimated 76.4% for females and 46.4% for males (p = 0.036).
Splitting the study population into different age groups did not result in a clear pattern.
Self-reported contact surveys and contact diaries have frequently been used for measuring contact networks relevant for the spread of infectious diseases [25–30]. More recently, technological advances have permitted the use of motes to record high resolution contact data [8, 31–34]. For the first time, we compare these two methods for measuring contact networks in an identical setting. Overall, we found little congruence in recorded contact data between the two methods.
A comparison of the nodal degrees from both methods revealed no statistically significant correlation for all contacts and only weak correlation for contacts of higher duration (Figure 3b, d, f). Furthermore, the empirical degree distribution differed substantially between the two methods (Figure 3a, c, e). Since many studies rely on the nodal degree to fit models of infectious disease spread [7, 10, 25, 43], this finding indicates that survey- and mote-derived degree data cannot be used interchangeably to inform infectious disease models, and it raises questions about the appropriateness of at least one of the two methods for collecting epidemiologically relevant contact data.
Consistent with previous contact survey research , we found that reporting probabilities increased with higher contact duration. In general, persons are typically more likely to recall and report contacts of longer duration than short interactions. Nevertheless, our web-based contact survey reporting probability estimates were considerably lower overall from both unfiltered and filtered network data, compared to earlier findings (see Table 3).
Underreporting is a significant problem in reconstructing contact networks from survey data [23, 38, 44, 45]. Therefore, we were interested in calculating the extent to which survey underreporting contributed to observed differences between the survey and mote data sets. We first looked at the proportion of differences when all participants were included in the analysis across all of the predefined contact durations (Table 3). We found that the proportion of the differences between the two methods caused by underreporting ranged from 40.0% to 50.0%. Excluding participants who reported very few contacts decreased the observed differences between the two methods related to underreporting (33.0% to 51.1% for individuals with a degree larger than three). This finding reflects the effect of individual participant differences in reporting quality.
To analyze the reporting differences between the survey and the mote datasets at the individual level, we calculated the fraction of a participant’s mote-detected contacts that was also reported by the respective participant (Figure 4). Consistent with the average reporting probabilities, we found that individual reporting probabilities increased with increasing contact duration, and that excluding individuals with very few contact reports improved the overall reporting quality considerably. We further found that female participants tended to report contacts more accurately than male participants. These data show how differences in individual participant survey reporting quality can contribute substantially to the difference between mote and survey data sets.
The overall reporting quality differs vastly among studies. For example, Smieszek et al. reported 65.1% of all contacts had concordant reports, and Read et al. [23, 46] reported that 30.2% of the contacts had concordant reports, both of which are higher than the reporting quality observed in this study (23.5% concordant reports, see Table 2). There are some plausible factors that may explain these observed differences. In particular, the study population and setting could have had important effects on the likelihood of reporting a contact. For example, Read et al. obtained contact data from the students and staff at the University of Warwick, and Smieszek et al. obtained contact data from members of three research groups at ETH Zurich, whereas the data presented here were obtained from students, teachers, and other staff at a US high school. First, it is reasonable to assume that it is cognitively more demanding to recall the many more and rather short contacts that are likely to occur at high school, than the fewer contacts likely to occur in a university research setting. Second, the motivation to contribute to a scientific study might be higher among members of a university than members of a high school.
Survey underreporting is highlighted as a reason for the observed differences between the contact data collected by the surveys and motes in this study (Table 3). However, even if survey reporting was perfect (e.g., participants were more motivated to complete the survey, and/or tried harder to remember all contacts, even those of shorter duration) surveys and motes would be unlikely to record exactly the same contact data. The reason for this is that the definition of a contact differs between the two methods: motes measured all face-to-face collocation events within a maximum distance of two meters, while the survey contact definition included only conversational contact that occurred at a maximum distance of two arm lengths. Thus, the contact definition underlying the mote measurements is more inclusive than the survey’s definition, and, hence, we would always expect more contacts detected by motes than reported using contact surveys or diaries.
The extent to which different contact definitions are meaningful for infectious disease transmission depends on the specific pathogen’s modes of transmission. There are four modes of transmission for respiratory infections: (i) droplet transmission (produced from the respiratory tract and expelled by various processes such as talking, sneezing, or coughing, and are at least 60 μm in diameter ), (ii) aerosol transmission (aerosolized particles of a small diameter that stay suspended in the indoor air), (iii) transmission through direct, physical contact, or, (iv) indirectly, through fomites . The role of each of these for, e.g., influenza transmission is currently unclear [47–54]. For the purpose of this study, we were interested in droplet transmission, since there is evidence that close contacts are an important factor in the droplet transmission of many respiratory infections [55, 56].
Droplet transmission, however, depends on various parameters such as droplet size and shape, the velocity with which the droplets are expelled, the viscosity of the droplets, as well as the temperature and humidity of the ambient air [40, 57, 58]. While droplets generated by breathing travel less than one meter, coughing can expel droplets that can be carried more than two meters away, and droplets produced by sneezing can potentially travel more than six meters . Contact studies that relied solely on surveys could fail to record infectious contacts (e.g., via coughing and sneezing) if participants were further than a typical conversation distance apart. On the other hand, motes can be programmed to record interactions up to a specific distance, allowing motes to record all close proximity events regardless of whether any of the involved participants talked, sneezed, coughed, or did any other activity resulting in elevated levels of expelled droplets. Consequently, a contact study that relied solely on motes could result in an over-recording of events irrelevant for the spread of infectious respiratory disease.
Finally, transmission probability is a continuous function of the distance between the infectious and the susceptible individual, rather than a step function. Hence, imposing any specific cut-off will not result in an accurate representation of potentially contagious contacts. In essence, further empirical studies are necessary to test different contact definitions to assess which ones best explain the spread of infections in specific host-pathogen systems. These tests could include motes that are sensitive to changes in breathing, coughing and sneezing.
We report contact data collected from a single school day at one US high school, limiting the generalizability of our findings. Comparing the participation rate of this study with other, methodologically similar studies is difficult, because many of those other contact survey studies used different strategies to obtain study participants, such as convenience samples, cohorts or quota sampling, and often did not report the number of people that participated, compared to the total number approached [e.g., [25, 29, 30, 37, 46]. A comparison with three other contact network studies at schools (which all differed in methodology) indicates that the participation rate in our study might have been lower than could be expected [27, 59, 60]. Reasons for lower participation might have included the overall burden of the entire study, which involved more components than reported in this paper , in addition to dynamics within the school (students or staff unwilling to participate if other peers did not participate).
Since other contact survey studies have shown substantial differences in reporting quality , the poor reporting quality we observed in this study may not occur elsewhere, including other high school settings. In addition to the retrospective design of our survey, a minor part of the underreporting in the surveys might have been caused by the design of our web-based survey: participants had to press an “add another contact” button for every additional contact they wanted to report. While the web-based survey was found to be easy to use and convenient in informal pre-tests, it cannot be ruled out that this design prevented users to report all contacts. Nevertheless, our research revealed that contact survey and mote measurements of exactly the same setting can result in almost unrelated contact networks, which poses questions about the appropriateness of at least one of the two methods.
Additionally, the method we used to estimate underreporting of contacts was based on four simplifying assumptions (for details see Smieszek et al. ): that (i) the probability of reporting a contact, P, depended solely on the contact duration; (ii) reports of a specific contact were stochastically independent; (iii) since the true duration of a contact was not known, the higher value was assumed to be true; (iv) incongruent contact reports were only due to under- and never due to over-reporting (i.e., we believe that the reporting participant was right). While these assumptions were certainly violated in some cases, they were essential to estimate underreporting given the data available from this study.
Finally, we were unable to match all partners reported in the web-based contact survey unambiguously to participants in the mote study (see “Linking survey and sensor data” subsection). One reason for such non-matchable reports is that individuals attempted to report a contact that actually took place, but did not report contact partners’ names correctly. If reported names were too different from actual names, matching was not possible, despite referring to the same contact event. However, even if we assume that all non-matchable contact reports would refer to a contact that actually took place, the results would only change slightly: The P s for the unfiltered data would still be 1.2% for the < 5 minutes contacts, it would increase from 8.8% to 9.2% for the 5 to 15 minutes contacts, from 21.8% to 23.3% for the 15 to 60 minutes contacts, and from 65.2% to 67.3% for the 1 to 4 hour contacts.
First, contact surveys are very flexible and can be designed to collect data in various settings. They are easy to design and do not require substantial technological skills on the part of the researcher. However, since reporting quality varies vastly between different settings and, likely, between different age groups, underreporting of short-duration contacts can be a very serious issue due to the potential relevancy for acute respiratory disease transmission. It is almost impossible to distinguish whether differences in individuals’ reported contact patterns are true differences, or whether they are a result of differing individual capabilities and levels of motivation. Furthermore, surveys are unlikely to be very useful in efforts to collect data on very young children or illiterate populations, who may not be able to complete contact surveys.
Second, validation on the level of individual transmission events is still lacking for both survey- and sensor-based approaches of data collection. While there have been attempts to validate empirical contact data on a population level [7, 10, 43], there is still no proof that such contact data could explain concrete transmission paths in a population. Validation on the level of individual transmission events is important for demonstrating that measured contacts are valid proxies for potentially contagious situations. Such validation could also assist in refining data collection methods for generating contact networks that best account for infectious disease transmission.
Third, while sensor-based approaches for measuring epidemiologically relevant contact networks are objective and substantially more reliable, new sensors need to be developed that overcome the disadvantages of the current generation of sensors. Ideally, new sensors will have the capability of distinguishing various close proximity events of different epidemiological importance (e.g., assessing whether the person is talking, coughing, sneezing, or none of these) and will be able to capture contact with partners who are not equipped with sensors.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this article do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated.
Timo Smieszek, Victoria C Barclay contributed equally to this work.
We thank members of the high school who made this project possible. This research was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through grant U01 CK000178-01 (to MS), a fellowship from the German Academic Exchange Service DAAD through grant D/10/52328 (to TS), a Society in Science: Branco Weiss fellowship (to MS), and NIH RAPIDD support (to MS).
We thank Devon Brewer for his elaborated comments that helped to improve the quality of this paper and Ellsworth Campbell for his valuable contribution to Figure 1. Finally, we thank the five reviewers for their insightful and knowledgeable suggestions.
TS, VCB, and MS contributed to the conception and design of this study. VCB, IS, and MS collected the data. TS performed the data cleaning and the analyses. TS, VCB, JJR, HG, AU, and MS contributed to the interpretation of the data and analysis results. TS and VCB drafted the manuscript, and IS, JJR, HG, AU, and MS revised the manuscript draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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2019-04-22T04:50:39Z
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https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com.preview-live.oscarjournals.springer.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-14-136
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