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wi
wi
I, me, my
noun
A1
vygus_00000
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
.kwi
.kwi
I
noun
A1
vygus_00001
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
s
s
man, someone, anyone, no-one
noun
A1
vygus_00002
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
rmαΉ―
rmT
man, men, mankind, Egyptians, people
noun
A1 A1 A1
vygus_00003
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
rmαΉ―
rmT
people, mankind, humanity
noun
A1 B1 Z2
vygus_00004
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉt
it
father
noun
A1 I9
vygus_00005
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
swr
swr
drink
verb
A2
vygus_00006
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
sxꜣ
sxA
to mention
verb
A2
vygus_00007
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
snhi
snhi
check, inspect
verb
A2
vygus_00008
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
nis
nis
divide
verb
{mathematics} A2
vygus_00009
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
sxꜣ
sxA
reminder, memorandum, charge
noun
A2
vygus_00010
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
(a fabric width ?)
noun
A2
vygus_00011
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
smi
smi
r memorandum
noun
A2 D21
vygus_00012
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
sxꜣ
sxA
n reminder, memorandum
noun
A2 N35
vygus_00013
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
dwꜣtyw
dwAtyw
Datians
noun
{cryptic} A4 J15 Z4A
vygus_00014
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉmn
imn
StAw Hidden of Mysteries
noun
{cryptic} A4 N37 N16 G43 Z2B
vygus_00015
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
dwꜣ
dwA
praise
verb
{cryptic} A4 Y1
vygus_00016
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
sꜣtw
sAtw
Satu
noun
A4B
vygus_00017
vygus_2018
1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉmnt
imnt
the West
noun
{cryptic } A4C V13
vygus_00018
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉmn
imn
hidden
verb
{late egyptian} A5A
vygus_00019
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉnm
inm
a (Priestess of Bastet)
noun
A5A D36
vygus_00020
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉnm
inm
wnwt He who hides the hours (epithet)
noun
A5A E34 N35 W24 X1 N14 N5 N33A A40
vygus_00021
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉmn
imn
nTrw the most hidden of gods {epithet} A5A -
noun
R8 Z3
vygus_00022
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉmnty
imnty
the Westerner
noun
A5A X1 D36 X1 Z4 A40
vygus_00023
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wab
wab
pure, purify oneself, bathe, cleanse, purification, purity
noun
A6
vygus_00024
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wab
wab
Wab Priest
noun
A6
vygus_00025
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wab
wab
be a Priest, do Priestly services
noun
A6
vygus_00026
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wab
wab
free (woman)
noun
A6
vygus_00027
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wabwt
wabwt
priestly service
noun
A6 D58 G43 X1
vygus_00028
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wab
wab
Hmt Priestess
noun
A6 N42 X1
vygus_00029
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wab
wab
200 ? (Priestly Title ?)
noun
A6 V1 V1
vygus_00030
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wabt
wabt
embalming place, tomb, sanctuary, workshop, utility room
noun
A6 X1 O1
vygus_00031
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wabt
wabt
foodstuff (as payment)
noun
A6 X1 X2 X4 W22
vygus_00032
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wabt
wabt
food (to be distributed)
noun
A6 X1 X4
vygus_00033
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wab
wab
pure, purify oneself, bathe, cleanse, purification, purity
noun
A6A
vygus_00034
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
bꜣgi
bAgi
/ wrd weariness, languor, slackness, remissness
noun
A7
vygus_00035
vygus_2018
2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
αΈ₯msi
Hmsi
sit, sit down, dwell (in), seat (someone)
verb
A7
vygus_00036
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
gnn
gnn
to be tender
verb
A7
vygus_00037
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wrḏw
wrDw
ib (a name of Osiris)
noun
{greco roman} A7 F34 Z1
vygus_00038
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
gngn
gngn
be soft, be tender
verb
A7 N35 A7 N35
vygus_00039
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
wrḏw
wrDw
weary A7 - Z3A
noun
vygus_00040
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
hnw
hnw
rejoice
verb
A8
vygus_00041
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
hnw
hnw
associates, family
noun
A8 A1 B1 Z2
vygus_00042
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
hnw
hnw
(a body of water)
noun
A8 N36
vygus_00043
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
xbt
xbt
place of execution
noun
A8 O51 Y1
vygus_00044
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
xmt
xmt
Place of Slaughter
noun
{late egyptian} A8 T29
vygus_00045
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
.f
.f
he, him, his, it, its
noun
A9
vygus_00046
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ꜣṯp
ATp
load, be laden
noun
A9
vygus_00047
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
fꜣi
fAi
Carrier, Delivery man
noun
A9
vygus_00048
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ꜣṯp
ATp
be heavy laden (with trouble)
verb
A9 A24
vygus_00049
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
fꜣy
fAy
weight, value, amount, reward
noun
A9 A24
vygus_00050
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
fꜣi
fAi
carry, support, lift
verb
A9 A24
vygus_00051
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
fꜣi
fAi
mhr Milkman, Milk jug Carrier
noun
A9 A24 G17 D36 O4 Z5 N35 Z4 W23 A24 A2
vygus_00052
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
fꜣy
fAy
weight, value, amount, reward
noun
A9 A24 O39
vygus_00053
vygus_2018
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ꜣṯp
ATp
load, be laden
noun
A9 D36
vygus_00054
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ꜣṯpw
ATpw
load, cargo
noun
A9 D36 Z2
vygus_00055
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ꜣṯpw
ATpw
load, cargo
noun
A9 G43 Y1 Z2
vygus_00056
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
fꜣyt
fAyt
portable shrine
noun
A9 M17 M17 X1
vygus_00057
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ꜣtpw
Atpw
cargo
noun
A9 Q3 Z7 Y1 Z2
vygus_00058
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
kꜣt
kAt
work, construction, craft, profession
noun
A9 X1 Y1 Z2
vygus_00059
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
kꜣt
kAt
work, construction, craft, profession
noun
A9 Z3
vygus_00060
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ꜣtpw
Atpw
cargo
noun
A9 Z7 Y1 Z2
vygus_00061
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
αΊ–n
Xn
Rower, Oarsman
noun
A10
vygus_00062
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mΕ‘a
mSa
expedition
noun
A12
vygus_00063
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mΕ‘a
mSa
march, travel
verb
A12
vygus_00064
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mΕ‘a
mSa
Army, Troops
noun
A12 A1 B1 Z3
vygus_00065
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mΕ‘a
mSa
Soldiers, Army, Infantry, Gang (of workmen), Expedition, Campaign
noun
A12 A1 Z2
vygus_00066
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mΕ‘a
mSa
expedition
noun
A12 D54 Z2
vygus_00067
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mΕ‘a
mSa
make an expedition, expedition
noun
A12 P1
vygus_00068
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mΕ‘a
mSa
Soldiers, Army, Infantry, Gang (of workmen), Expedition, Campaign
noun
A12 Z2 A1 Z2
vygus_00069
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mΕ‘a
mSa
Army, Troops, Infantry
noun
A12 Z3
vygus_00070
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mΕ‘a
mSa
Army, Troops
noun
A12 Z5 Z5 Z3
vygus_00071
vygus_2018
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mt
mt
die, perish, death
noun
A14
vygus_00072
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
smꜣiw
smAiw
companions
noun
{late egyptian} A14
vygus_00073
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
mt
mt
die, perish, death
noun
A14 X1
vygus_00074
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
xftyw
xftyw
enemies, opponents
noun
A14A Z2B
vygus_00075
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
xr
xr
fall (in military sense)
verb
A15
vygus_00076
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
xrw
xrw
battle, war
noun
A15
vygus_00077
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
xrw
xrw
enemy, heretic, foe (of known origin)
noun
A15
vygus_00078
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
sxr
sxr
overthrow, throw down, force into place (dislocated bone)
verb
A15 X1
vygus_00079
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ksw
ksw
bowings
noun
A16
vygus_00080
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
xy
xy
/ Xrd child, boy
noun
A17
vygus_00081
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉαΈ₯ms
iHms
Attendant, household servant
noun
A17
vygus_00082
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
αΊ–rd
Xrd
child, become a child
noun
A17 A1
vygus_00083
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
αΊ–rd
Xrd
nxx an older child
noun
A17 A1 A19
vygus_00084
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
αΊ–rdw
Xrdw
childhood
noun
A17 A17 A17
vygus_00085
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
TA
TA
boy
noun
A17 D53
vygus_00086
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
αΊ–rd
Xrd
boy
noun
A17 G7
vygus_00087
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
xnnt
xnnt
childhood
noun
A17 G7
vygus_00088
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
msdmt
msdmt
black eye paint, galena, stibium
noun
A17 N26 G14 X1 N33 Z2
vygus_00089
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
αΊ–rd
Xrd
n kAp child of the (Royal) nursery
noun
A17 N35 R5 O1
vygus_00090
vygus_2018
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
papa
papa
to give birth, to bear, to be born
verb
A17 Q3 A17 Q3 B3
vygus_00091
vygus_2018
6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
papa
papa
to shine
verb
A17 Q3 L1 W10 N5
vygus_00092
vygus_2018
6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
αΊ–rdw
Xrdw
n mH small children ?
noun
A17 Z2 N35 D42
vygus_00093
vygus_2018
6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
xft
xft
when
noun
{cryptic } A17A E13 N16
vygus_00094
vygus_2018
6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉmty
imty
pHwy district of Pelusium
noun
A18 F22
vygus_00095
vygus_2018
6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉmty
imty
foster child (of king of Lower Egypt)
noun
A18 X1
vygus_00096
vygus_2018
6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ỉmt
imt
Buto
noun
A18 X1 O49
vygus_00097
vygus_2018
6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
α»‰κœ£wi
iAwi
be aged, attain old age, old age, the old, the elderly
noun
A19
vygus_00098
vygus_2018
6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
tnw
tnw
tired land
noun
A19
vygus_00099
vygus_2018
6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
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πŸ›οΈ Ancient Egyptian Multilingual Corpus

Dataset Description

A comprehensive multilingual corpus of Ancient Egyptian texts combining multiple authoritative sources, including dictionaries and translated texts from German to English. Available in multiple formats for maximum accessibility.

πŸ“Š Dataset Summary

This dataset combines:

  1. Dictionary Sources (3 sources, ~15,000 entries):

    • Vygus Egyptian Dictionary 2015 (Mark Vygus)
    • Dickson Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
    • Ancient Egypt Dictionary (10,000+ words from Gardiner, Faulkner, etc.)
  2. Translated Corpora (4 sources, ~65,000 entries):

    • BBAW Egyptian Corpus (35,503 entries)
    • TLA Demotic (13,383 entries)
    • TLA Earlier Egyptian (12,773 entries)
    • TLA Late Egyptian (3,606 entries)

Total: ~80,000+ entries covering 4,000 years of Egyptian language history.

πŸ“¦ Available Formats

This dataset is available in multiple formats for maximum compatibility:

Format Description Best For Size
Arrow Native HuggingFace format Fast loading, memory-efficient processing Smallest
JSON Human-readable, structured Data exploration, custom processing Medium
CSV Tabular format Spreadsheet software, basic analysis Medium
ZIP All formats compressed Offline use, complete download Compressed

Loading Examples

Arrow Format (Recommended)

from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("AhmedElTaher/ancient-egyptian-multilingual")

JSON Format

import json
with open('ancient-egyptian-multilingual_full.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

CSV Format

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('ancient-egyptian-multilingual_full.csv')

🎯 Supported Tasks

  • Ancient Egyptian to English translation
  • Hieroglyphic text analysis
  • Historical linguistics research
  • Egyptological studies
  • Language model training for ancient languages
  • Comparative linguistics
  • Digital humanities research

🌍 Languages

  • egy: Ancient Egyptian (hieroglyphic, hieratic, demotic scripts)
  • en: English (translations)
  • de: German (original translations in TLA/BBAW datasets)

Dataset Structure

πŸ“ Data Fields

Field Type Description
id string Unique identifier for each entry
transliteration_unicode string Unicode transliteration (ꜣ, κœ₯, αΈ₯, αΈ«, αΊ–, Ε‘, αΉ―, ḏ, ỉ)
transliteration_mdc string MDC ASCII-compatible transliteration
translation_en string English translation
translation_de string German translation (where available)
hieroglyphs string Hieroglyphic representation (Unicode/Gardiner codes)
source string Original dataset source
pos string Part of speech (where available)
lemmatization string Lemma information (where available)
grammatical_info string Additional grammatical information

πŸ“ˆ Data Splits

Split Entries Percentage
Train ~72,000 90%
Validation ~8,000 10%

Dataset Creation

πŸ”¨ Processing Pipeline

  1. PDF Parsing: Custom parsers for dictionary formats
  2. Transliteration: Bidirectional Unicode ↔ MDC conversion
  3. Translation: NLLB-200 neural translation (DE→EN)
  4. Standardization: Unified column names and formats
  5. Validation: Manual checking of sample entries
  6. Multi-format Export: Arrow, JSON, CSV formats

πŸ“š Source Data

Dictionary Sources

  • Vygus Dictionary 2018 - R.H. Barnhart
  • Dickson Dictionary - Paul Dickson (2006)
  • Ancient Egypt Dictionary - ancient-egypt.co.uk

Corpus Sources

  • BBAW - Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences
  • TLA - Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae

Usage Guidelines

πŸš€ Quick Start

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load the dataset
dataset = load_dataset("AhmedElTaher/ancient-egyptian-multilingual")

# Access a sample
sample = dataset['train'][0]
print(f"Egyptian (Unicode): {sample['transliteration_unicode']}")
print(f"Egyptian (MDC): {sample['transliteration_mdc']}")
print(f"English: {sample['translation_en']}")
print(f"Hieroglyphs: {sample['hieroglyphs']}")

πŸ” Filtering Examples

# Find all entries with pharaoh
pharaoh_entries = dataset.filter(lambda x: 'pharaoh' in x['translation_en'].lower())

# Get only Demotic texts
demotic = dataset.filter(lambda x: 'demotic' in x['source'])

# Get entries with hieroglyphs
with_hieroglyphs = dataset.filter(lambda x: x['hieroglyphs'] != '')

License & Attribution

πŸ“œ License

CC BY-SA 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International)

This requires:

  • βœ… Attribution to original sources
  • βœ… Indication of changes
  • βœ… ShareAlike distribution

πŸ“š Required Citations

@dataset{egyptian_multilingual_corpus_2025,
  author = {El Taher, Ahmed},
  title = {Ancient Egyptian Multilingual Corpus},
  year = {2025},
  publisher = {HuggingFace},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/AhmedElTaher/ancient-egyptian-multilingual},
  email = {ahmed.g.eltaher@gmail.com}
}

[Additional citations for BBAW, TLA, etc...]

Additional Information

πŸ‘€ Dataset Curator

Ahmed El Taher
πŸ“§ ahmed.g.eltaher@gmail.com
πŸ€— AhmedElTaher

🀝 Contributions

Contributions welcome! Please submit issues or pull requests.

⚠️ Limitations

  • Machine translations may contain inaccuracies
  • Some hieroglyphic representations incomplete
  • Chronological periods mixed in combined dataset
  • Reflects historical biases in sources

πŸ™ Acknowledgments

Special thanks to all contributing institutions and researchers.


Dataset Version: 1.0.0 | Last Updated: 2025-08-14

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