README.md

metadata

license: cc0-1.0
task_categories:
  - audio-classification
  - text-generation
tags:
  - music
  - transcription
  - arrangement
  - musescore
  - musicxml
  - score
  - piano
  - orchestra
pretty_name: Operation Legato
size_categories:
  - 10K<n<100K
dataset_info:
  features:
    - name: score_id
      dtype: string
    - name: song_name
      dtype: string
    - name: artist_name
      dtype: string
    - name: title
      dtype: string
    - name: arrangement_description
      dtype: string
    - name: complexity
      dtype: string
    - name: genres
      dtype: string
    - name: instruments
      dtype: string
    - name: instrumentations
      dtype: string
    - name: tags
      dtype: string
    - name: original_description
      dtype: string
    - name: n_tracks
      dtype: int64
    - name: midi_programs
      dtype: string
    - name: rating
      dtype: float64
    - name: n_views
      dtype: int64
    - name: n_favorites
      dtype: int64
    - name: score_duration_seconds
      dtype: float64
    - name: n_notes
      dtype: int64
    - name: has_lyrics
      dtype: bool
    - name: has_annotations
      dtype: bool
    - name: has_matched_audio
      dtype: bool
    - name: youtube_id
      dtype: string
    - name: youtube_title
      dtype: string
    - name: youtube_query
      dtype: string
    - name: audio_duration_seconds
      dtype: float64
    - name: alignment_confidence
      dtype: float64
    - name: time_stretch_ratio
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokens
      dtype: string
  splits:
    - name: train
      num_bytes: 3389708622
      num_examples: 71337
    - name: validation
      num_bytes: 201828567
      num_examples: 3963
    - name: test
      num_bytes: 188795634
      num_examples: 3963
  download_size: 596054938
  dataset_size: 3780332823
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: data/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: data/test-*

Operation Legato

A comprehensive dataset of 22,060 music score arrangements from MuseScore.

Dataset Description

Each record contains:

• A tokenized music score in a simplified, absolute-timing text format
• Arrangement metadata: instrument(s), complexity level, genre, tags
• YouTube reference for the original song audio (when available)
• Alignment information between the score and original audio

Source

Built from the PDMX dataset - 254K public domain MusicXML scores scraped from MuseScore.com, filtered to the top 15,000 most popular songs with identifiable artists.

Token Format

Scores are represented in a human-readable token format with absolute timing in seconds:

@meta complexity=intermediate
@meta genre=classical
@meta instruments=Piano
@meta arrangement=Solo
@time_sig t=0.000 4/4
@key_sig t=0.000 key=C mode=major
@tempo t=0.000 bpm=120.0
@annotation t=0.000 type=Dynamic mf
@note t=0.000 dur=0.500 p=60 v=80 ch=0 inst=Piano
@note t=0.500 dur=0.250 p=64 v=70 ch=0 inst=Piano

Token types:

Token	Description
@meta	Score metadata (complexity, genre, instruments, arrangement type)
@time_sig	Time signature change with absolute timestamp
@key_sig	Key signature with key name and mode
@tempo	Tempo marking (BPM) with timestamp
@tempo_text	Textual tempo marking (e.g., "Allegro")
@annotation	Dynamics, articulations, section markings
@note	Note event: t=time(s), dur=duration(s), p=MIDI pitch, v=velocity, ch=channel, inst=instrument name

Fields

Field	Type	Description
score_id	string	Unique identifier (PDMX IPFS hash)
song_name	string	Original song name
artist_name	string	Original artist/composer
title	string	MuseScore arrangement title
arrangement_description	string	Human-readable description (e.g., "intermediate Piano Solo arrangement")
complexity	string	easy / intermediate / advanced / expert
genres	string	Genre(s)
instruments	string	Pipe-separated instrument list
instrumentations	string	Arrangement type (Solo, Duet, etc.)
tags	string	User-provided tags
n_tracks	int	Number of instrument tracks
midi_programs	string	MIDI program numbers per track
rating	float	Average user rating (0-5)
n_views	int	View count on MuseScore
score_duration_seconds	float	Score duration in seconds
n_notes	int	Total number of notes
has_lyrics	bool	Whether the score contains lyrics
has_annotations	bool	Whether the score contains dynamics/articulations
has_matched_audio	bool	Whether YouTube audio was found
youtube_id	string	YouTube video ID (if matched)
youtube_query	string	Search query to find the original audio
alignment_confidence	float	Score-to-audio alignment confidence (0-1)
time_stretch_ratio	float	Audio duration / score duration ratio
tokens	string	Full tokenized score content

Statistics

• Total arrangements: 22,060
• With matched audio: ~4,370 (growing)
• Complexity: easy (75%), intermediate (12%), advanced (11%), expert (2%)
• Top instruments: Piano, Flute, Bass guitar, Vocals, Drums, Cello, Saxophone, Violin, Trumpet, Clarinet
• Genres: classical (dominant), folk, soundtrack, rock, pop, jazz, electronic

Use Cases

• Train music transcription models (audio -> score)
• Study arrangement patterns across instruments and difficulty levels
• Generate arrangements from audio in specific styles
• Music information retrieval with aligned score-audio pairs
• Symbolic music generation conditioned on instrument/difficulty

Citation

Built from PDMX:

@inproceedings{long2024pdmx,
  title={PDMX: A Large-Scale Public Domain MusicXML Dataset for Symbolic Music Processing},
  author={Long, Phillip and Pati, Ashis},
  year={2024}
}