howey/wiki_en · Datasets at Hugging Face

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[ [ "The Plague (novel)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''The Plague''''' () is a 1947 absurdist novel by Albert Camus.", "It tells the story from the point of view of a narrator in the midst of a plague sweeping the French Algerian city of Oran.", "The narrator remains unknown until the beginning o...	wikipedia
[ [ "Applied ethics" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Applied ethics''' is the practical aspect of moral considerations.", "It is ethics with respect to real-world actions and their moral considerations in private and public life, the professions, health, technology, law, and leadership.", "For exampl...	wikipedia
[ [ "Absolute value" ], [ "Introduction", "graph of the absolute value function for real numbersThe absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero.In mathematics, the '''absolute value''' or '''modulus''' of a real number , is the non-negative value without regard to its sign...	wikipedia
[ [ "Analog signal" ], [ "Introduction", "An '''analog signal''' is any continuous-time signal representing some other quantity, i.e., ''analogous'' to another quantity.", "For example, in an analog audio signal, the instantaneous signal voltage varies continuously with the pressure of the sound w...	wikipedia
[ [ "Arecales" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Arecales''' is an order of flowering plants.", "The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes." ], [ "Taxonomy", "The APG IV system of 2016 pla...	wikipedia
[ [ "Hercule Poirot" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Hercule Poirot''' (, ) is a fictional Belgian detective created by British writer Agatha Christie.", "Poirot is one of Christie's most famous and long-running characters, appearing in 33 novels, two plays (''Black Coffee'' and ''Alibi''), and 51 short ...	wikipedia
[ [ "Miss Marple" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Miss Jane Marple''' is a fictional character in Agatha Christie's crime novels and short stories.", "'''Miss Marple''' lives in the village of St. Mary Mead and acts as an amateur consulting detective.", "Often characterized as an elderly spinster, sh...	wikipedia
[ [ "April" ], [ "Introduction", "'''April''' is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.", "Its length is 30 days.April is commonly associated with the season of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalen...	wikipedia
[ [ "August" ], [ "Introduction", "Depiction of harvesting in the August calendar page of the Queen Mary Psalter (fol.", "78v), ca.", "1310'''August''' is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.", "Its length is 31 days.In the Southern Hemisphere, August is the ...	wikipedia
[ [ "Aaron" ], [ "Introduction", "According to Abrahamic religions, '''Aaron''' ( or ) was a prophet, a high priest, and the elder brother of Moses.", "Information about Aaron comes exclusively from religious texts such as the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament (Luke, Acts, and Hebrews), and the Qu...	wikipedia
[ [ "April 6" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre–1600===46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus.", " 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia.", "*1320 – Th...	wikipedia
[ [ "April 12" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===* 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I.", "* 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.", "* 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to Christia...	wikipedia
[ [ "April 15" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.", "1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscard.", "14...	wikipedia
[ [ "April 30" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.", "1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.", "*1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commis...	wikipedia
[ [ "August 22" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===* 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.", "* 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.", "*1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland and Englan...	wikipedia
[ [ "August 27" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===* 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days.", "1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England.", "1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the Kamakura sh...	wikipedia
[ [ "Alcohol (chemistry)" ], [ "Introduction", "Ball-and-stick model of an alcohol molecule ().", "The red and white balls represent the hydroxyl group ().", "The three \"R\"s stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms.The bond angle between a hydroxyl group () and a chain of carbon atoms...	wikipedia
[ [ "Achill Island" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Achill Island''' (; ) is the largest of the Irish isles and lies off the west coast of Ireland in County Mayo.", "It has a population of 2,345.Its area is around .", "Achill is attached to the mainland by Michael Davitt Bridge, between the villages ...	wikipedia
[ [ "Allen Ginsberg" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Irwin Allen Ginsberg''' (; June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet and writer.", "As a student at Columbia University in the 1940s, he began friendships with Lucien Carr, William S. Burroughs and Jack Kerouac, forming the core of the Beat Ge...	wikipedia
[ [ "Algebraically closed field" ], [ "Introduction", "In mathematics, a field is '''algebraically closed''' if every non-constant polynomial in (the univariate polynomial ring with coefficients in ) has a root in ." ], [ "Examples", "As an example, the field of real numbers is not algeb...	wikipedia
[ [ "August 6" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean.", "1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.===1601–1...	wikipedia
[ [ "Anatoly Karpov" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov''' (; born May 23, 1951) is a Russian and former Soviet chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, ⁣and politician.", "Widely regarded as one of the greatest chess players of all time, he was the 12th World Chess Champi...	wikipedia
[ [ "Aspect ratio" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''aspect ratio''' of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions.", "For example, the aspect ratio of a rectangle is the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side—the ratio of width to height, when the rectangle is oriented a...	wikipedia
[ [ "Auto racing" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Auto racing''' (also known as '''car racing''', '''motor racing''', or '''automobile racing''') is a motorsport involving the racing of automobiles for competition.", "In North America, the term is commonly used to describe all forms of automobile sport i...	wikipedia
[ [ "Anarcho-capitalism" ], [ "Introduction", "The black and gold flag, a symbol of anarchism (black) and capitalism (gold) which according to Murray Rothbard was first flown in 1963 in 261x261px'''Anarcho-capitalism''' (colloquially: '''ancap''' or '''an-cap''') is an anti-statist, libertarian politi...	wikipedia
[ [ "August 9" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt.", " 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens is defeat...	wikipedia
[ [ "Aristophanes" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aristophanes''' (; , ; ), son of Philippus and Zenodora, of the deme Kydathenaion (), was a comic playwright or comedy-writer of ancient Athens and a poet of Old Attic Comedy.", "Eleven of his forty plays survive virtually complete.", "These provide ...	wikipedia
[ [ "Albert Schweitzer" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer''' (; 14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was an Alsatian polymath.", "He was a theologian, organist, musicologist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician.", "A Lutheran minister, Schweitzer challenged...	wikipedia
[ [ "Austrian school of economics" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Austrian School''' is a heterodox school of economic thought that advocates strict adherence to methodological individualism, the concept that social phenomena result primarily from the motivations and actions of individuals and their sel...	wikipedia
[ [ "Abscess" ], [ "Introduction", "An '''abscess''' is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.", "Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling.", "The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed.", "The area of redness often exte...	wikipedia
[ [ "Aalborg Municipality" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aalborg Municipality''' () is a municipality in North Jutland Region on the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark.", "The municipality straddles the Limfjord, the waterway which connects the North Sea and the Kattegat east-to-west, and which sepa...	wikipedia
[ [ "Aarhus" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aarhus''' (, , ; officially spelled '''Århus''' from 1948 until 1 January 2011) is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus Municipality.", "It is located on the eastern shore of Jutland in the Kattegat sea and approximately northwest of Cope...	wikipedia
[ [ "Northern cavefish" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''northern cavefish''' or '''northern blindfish''' ('''''Amblyopsis spelaea''''') is found in caves through Kentucky and southern Indiana.", "The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the species as near threatened.The life cycle of...	wikipedia
[ [ "Abatement" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Abatement''' refers generally to a lessening, diminution, reduction, or moderation; specifically, it may refer to:* 421-a tax abatement, property tax exemption in the U.S. state of New York* Abatement of debts and legacies, a common law doctrine of wills* Abate...	wikipedia
[ [ "Amateur" ], [ "Introduction", "Amateur association football playerAn '''amateur''' () is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income.", "Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, an...	wikipedia
[ [ "Alexis Carrel" ], [ "Introduction", "Carrel in 1912'''Alexis Carrel''' (; 28 June 1873 – 5 November 1944) was a French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques.", "He invented the first perfusion pump w...	wikipedia
[ [ "All Souls' Day" ], [ "Introduction", "'''All Souls' Day''', also called '''The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed''', is a day of prayer and remembrance for the faithful departed, observed by Christians on 2 November.", "Through prayer, intercessions, alms and visits to cemeteries, pe...	wikipedia
[ [ "Anatole France" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''' (; born '''''', ; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers.", "Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters.", "He was a member of the Académie ...	wikipedia
[ [ "André Gide" ], [ "Introduction", "'''André Paul Guillaume Gide''' (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author whose writings spanned a wide variety of styles and topics.", "He was awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Gide's career ranged from his beginnings in th...	wikipedia
[ [ "Algorithms for calculating variance" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Algorithms for calculating variance''' play a major role in computational statistics.", "A key difficulty in the design of good algorithms for this problem is that formulas for the variance may involve sums of squares, which can le...	wikipedia
[ [ "Almond" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''almond''' ('''''Prunus amygdalus''''', syn.", "'''''Prunus dulcis''''') is a species of small tree from the genus ''Prunus'', cultivated worldwide for its seed, a culinary nut.", "Along with the peach, it is classified in the subgenus ''Amygdalus'', di...	wikipedia
[ [ "Demographics of Antigua and Barbuda" ], [ "Introduction", "Antigua and Barbuda population pyramid in 2020This article is a demography of the population of Antigua and Barbuda including population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population." ], [ "Popula...	wikipedia
[ [ "Politics of Antigua and Barbuda" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''politics of Antigua and Barbuda''' takes place in a framework of a unitary parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, wherein the sovereign of Antigua and Barbuda is the head of state, appointing a governor-general to act as vic...	wikipedia
[ [ "Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda''' are via media in the telecommunications industry." ], [ "Telephone", "'''Telephones – main lines in use:''' 37,500 (2006):''country comparison to the world:'' 168'''Telepho...	wikipedia
[ [ "Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force''' ('''ABDF''') is the armed forces of Antigua and Barbuda.", "The ABDF has responsibility for several different roles: internal security, prevention of drug smuggling, the protection and support...	wikipedia
[ [ "Antisemitism" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Antisemitism''' (also spelled '''anti-semitism''' or '''anti-Semitism''') is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews.", "This sentiment is a form of racism, and a person who harbours it is called an '''antisemite'''.", "Though...	wikipedia
[ [ "Economy of Azerbaijan" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''economy of Azerbaijan''' is highly dependent on oil and gas exports, in particular since the completion of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline.", "The transition to oil production in the late 1990s led to rapid economic growth over the period 1...	wikipedia
[ [ "Geography of Azerbaijan" ], [ "Introduction", "Azerbaijan map of Köppen climate classification zonesAzerbaijan is a country in the Caucasus region, situated at the juncture of Eastern Europe and West Asia.", "Three physical features dominate Azerbaijan: the Caspian Sea, whose shoreline forms ...	wikipedia
[ [ "Foreign relations of Azerbaijan" ], [ "Introduction", "The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organizatio...	wikipedia
[ [ "Azerbaijani Armed Forces" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Azerbaijani Armed Forces''' () is the military of the Republic of Azerbaijan.", "It was re-established according to the country's Law of the Armed Forces on 9 October 1991.The original Azerbaijan Democratic Republic's armed forces were di...	wikipedia
[ [ "Geography of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "Armenia map of Köppen climate classification zonesSatellite image of ArmeniaArmenia is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus region of the Caucasus.", "The country is geographically located in West Asia, within the Armenian plateau.", "Arme...	wikipedia
[ [ "Demographics of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "After registering steady increases during the Soviet period, the population of Armenia declined from its peak value of 3.633 million in 1992 to 2.986 million in 2017.Whilst the country's population increased steadily during the Soviet Union as a resu...	wikipedia
[ [ "Politics of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''politics of Armenia''' take place in the framework of the parliamentary representative democratic republic of Armenia, whereby the president of Armenia is the head of state and the prime minister of Armenia the head of government, and of a multi-p...	wikipedia
[ [ "Economy of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''economy of Armenia''' grew by 12.6% in 2022, according to the country's Statistical Committee and the International Monetary Fund.", "Total output amounted to 8.5 trillion Armenian drams, or $19.5 billion.", "At the same time, Armenia's for...	wikipedia
[ [ "Transport in Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "This article considers '''transport in Armenia'''." ], [ "Railways", "===Total=== in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines===Broad gauge===825 km of gauge (825 km electrified) (1995)There is no service south of Yerevan.C...	wikipedia
[ [ "Armed Forces of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Armed Forces of Armenia''' (), sometimes referred to as the '''Armenian Army''' (), is the national military of Armenia.", "It consists of personnel branches under the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces, which can be divided into t...	wikipedia
[ [ "Foreign relations of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "Since its independence, Armenia has maintained a policy of trying to have positive and friendly relations with Iran, Russia, and the West, including the United States and the European Union.", "It has full membership status in a number of in...	wikipedia
[ [ "Demographics of American Samoa" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Demographics of American Samoa''' include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.", "American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United ...	wikipedia
[ [ "Politics of American Samoa" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Politics of American Samoa''' takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic dependency, whereby the governor is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.", "American Samoa is an unincorporated a...	wikipedia
[ [ "Economy of American Samoa" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''economy of American Samoa''' is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned.", "Economic activity is strongly linked to the United States, with which American Samoa conducts the great bulk of i...	wikipedia
[ [ "August 13" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.", " 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.", "* 554 – Emperor Jus...	wikipedia
[ [ "Avicenna" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Ibn Sina''' (; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as '''Avicenna''' (), was the preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers.", "(page 113) \...	wikipedia
[ [ "The Ashes" ], [ "Introduction", "'''The Ashes''' is a men's Test cricket series played biennially between England and Australia.", "The term originated in a satirical obituary published in a British newspaper, ''The Sporting Times'', immediately after Australia's 1882 victory at The Oval, its...	wikipedia
[ [ "Analysis" ], [ "Introduction", " Adriaen van Ostade, \"Analysis\" (1666)'''Analysis''' (: '''analyses''') is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it.", "The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and...	wikipedia
[ [ "Abner Doubleday" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Abner Doubleday''' (June 26, 1819 – January 26, 1893) was a career United States Army officer and Union major general in the American Civil War.", "He fired the first shot in defense of Fort Sumter, the opening battle of the war, and had a pivotal rol...	wikipedia
[ [ "America's National Game" ], [ "Introduction", "thumb'''''America's National Game''''' is a book by Albert Spalding, published in 1911, that details the early history of the sport of baseball.", "It is one of the defining books in the early formative years of modern baseball.Much of the story ...	wikipedia
[ [ "Amplitude modulation" ], [ "Introduction", "Figure 1: An audio signal (top) may be carried by a alt=Animation of audio, AM and FM modulated carriers.", "'''Amplitude modulation''' ('''AM''') is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages w...	wikipedia
[ [ "Augustin-Jean Fresnel" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Augustin-Jean Fresnel''' (10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from t...	wikipedia
[ [ "Abbot" ], [ "Introduction", "St. Dominic of Silos enthroned as abbot (Hispano-Flemish Gothic 15th century)'''Abbot''' is an ecclesiastical title given to the head of an independent monastery for men in various Western Christian traditions.", "The name is derived from ''abba'', the Syriac form...	wikipedia
[ [ "Ardipithecus" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Ardipithecus''''' is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene epochs in the Afar Depression, Ethiopia.", "Originally described as one of the earliest ancestors of humans after they diverged from the chimpanze...	wikipedia
[ [ "Assembly line" ], [ "Introduction", "An Airbus A321 on final assembly line 3 in the Airbus Hamburg-Finkenwerder plantHyundai's car assembly lineAn '''assembly line''' is a manufacturing process (often called a ''progressive assembly'') in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added as t...	wikipedia
[ [ "Adelaide" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Adelaide''' ( , ; , ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia.", "\"Adelaide\" may refer to either '''Greater Adelaide''' (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre.", ...	wikipedia
[ [ "Alan Garner" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Alan Garner''' (born 17 October 1934) is an English novelist best known for his children's fantasy novels and his retellings of traditional British folk tales.", "Much of his work is rooted in the landscape, history and folklore of his native county of C...	wikipedia
[ [ "August 2" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.", "216 BC – The Carthaginian army led by Hanni...	wikipedia
[ [ "Atlantic (disambiguation)" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Atlantic Ocean''' is the second largest of the world's oceans, that separates the old world from the new world.", "'''Atlantic''' may also refer to:" ], [ "Places", "===In Canada===* Atlantic, Nova Scotia* Atlantic Canada===I...	wikipedia
[ [ "Algebraic number" ], [ "Introduction", "The square root of 2 is an algebraic number equal to the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of length 1.An '''algebraic number''' is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rationa...	wikipedia
[ [ "Automorphism" ], [ "Introduction", "automorphism of the Klein four-group shown as a mapping between two Cayley graphs, a permutation in cycle notation, and a mapping between two Cayley tables.In mathematics, an '''automorphism''' is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself.", "It i...	wikipedia
[ [ "Accordion" ], [ "Introduction", "An accordionist'''Accordions''' (from 19th-century German '''', from ''''—\"musical chord, concord of sounds\") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free reed aerophone type (producing sound as air flows past a reed in a frame).", ...	wikipedia
[ [ "Artificial intelligence" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Artificial intelligence''' ('''AI''') is the intelligence of machines or software, as opposed to the intelligence of other living beings, primarily of humans.", "It is a field of study in computer science that develops and studies intelligent ...	wikipedia
[ [ "Afro Celt Sound System" ], [ "Introduction", "''' Afro Celt Sound System''' are a European and African group who fuse electronic music with traditional Gaelic and West African music.", "Afro Celt Sound System were formed in 1995 by producer-guitarist Simon Emmerson, and feature a wide range o...	wikipedia
[ [ "Ancient philosophy" ], [ "Introduction", "This page lists some links to '''ancient philosophy''', namely philosophical thought extending as far as early post-classical history ()." ], [ "Overview", "Genuine philosophical thought, depending upon original individual insights, arose in m...	wikipedia
[ [ "Anaximander" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Anaximander''' ( ; ''Anaximandros''; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia (in modern-day Turkey).", "He belonged to the Milesian school and learned the teachings of his master Thales.", "He succeeded Thales and...	wikipedia
[ [ "APL" ], [ "Introduction", "'''APL''' is an abbreviation, acronym, or initialism that may refer to:" ], [ "Science and technology", "* 132524 APL, an asteroid* Abductor pollicis longus muscle, in the human hand* Acute promyelocytic leukemia, a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia* ''A...	wikipedia
[ [ "Architect" ], [ "Introduction", " An '''architect''' is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings.", "To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have h...	wikipedia
[ [ "Abbreviation" ], [ "Introduction", "Example of 15th-century Latin manuscript text with scribal abbreviationsAn '''abbreviation''' (from Latin , meaning \"short\") is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method.", "It may consist of a group of letters or words taken from the full versi...	wikipedia
[ [ "Aphrodite" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aphrodite''' (, ) is an ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, procreation, and as her syncretized Roman goddess counterpart , desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory.", "Aphrodite's major symbols include seashe...	wikipedia
[ [ "April 1" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.", "*1081 – Alexios I Komnenos overthrows the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, and, after his troops spend th...	wikipedia
[ [ "Antisymmetric relation" ], [ "Introduction", "In mathematics, a binary relation on a set is '''antisymmetric''' if there is no pair of ''distinct'' elements of each of which is related by to the other.", "More formally, is antisymmetric precisely if for all or equivalently,The definition...	wikipedia
[ [ "Aleister Crowley" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aleister Crowley''' (; born '''Edward Alexander Crowley'''; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, philosopher, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist and mountaineer.", "He founded the religion of Thelema, identifying him...	wikipedia
[ [ "Afterlife" ], [ "Introduction", "Idris visiting Heaven and Hell from an illuminated manuscript version of the Islamic text ''Stories of the Prophets'' (1577).The '''afterlife''' or '''life after death''' is a purported existence in which the essential part of an individual's stream of consciousne...	wikipedia
[ [ "Astrometry" ], [ "Introduction", "Illustration of the use of interferometry in the optical wavelength range to determine precise positions of stars.", "''Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech'''''Astrometry''' is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of s...	wikipedia
[ [ "Athena" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Athena''' or '''Athene''', often given the epithet '''Pallas''', is an ancient Greek goddess associated with wisdom, warfare, and handicraft who was later syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva.", "Athena was regarded as the patron and protectress of vario...	wikipedia
[ [ "Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''''Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game''''' is a role-playing game created and written by Erick Wujcik, set in the fictional universe created by author Roger Zelazny for his ''Chronicles of Amber''.", "The game is unusual in that no dic...	wikipedia
[ [ "Athene (disambiguation)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Athene''' or Athena is the shrewd companion of heroes and the goddess of heroic endeavour in Greek mythology.", "'''Athene''' may also refer to:881 Athene, a main-belt asteroid''Athene'' (bird), a genus of small owls*Athene (Cynuria), a town...	wikipedia
[ [ "Alloy" ], [ "Introduction", "From left to right: three alloys (beryllium copper, Inconel, steel) and three pure metals (titanium, aluminum, magnesium)An '''alloy''' is a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metal.", "Unlike chemical compounds with metallic bases, an alloy w...	wikipedia
[ [ "Artistic revolution" ], [ "Introduction", "Throughout history, forms of art have gone through periodic abrupt changes called '''artistic revolutions'''.", "Movements have come to an end to be replaced by a new movement markedly different in striking ways." ], [ "Scientific and technol...	wikipedia
[ [ "Agrarianism" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Agrarianism''' is a social and political philosophy that has promoted subsistence agriculture, family farming, widespread property ownership, and political decentralization.", "Adherents of agrarianism tend to value traditional bonds of local community ov...	wikipedia
[ [ "Atomic" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Atomic''' may refer to:* Of or relating to the atom, the smallest particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties* Atomic physics, the study of the atom* Atomic Age, also known as the \"Atomic Era\"* Atomic scale, distances comparable to the di...	wikipedia
[ [ "Angle" ], [ "Introduction", "rays on the Cartesian coordinate systemIn Euclidean geometry, an '''angle''' is the figure formed by two rays, called the ''sides'' of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the ''vertex'' of the angle.Angles formed by two rays are also known as '''''plane angle...	wikipedia
[ [ "Asa" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Asa''' may refer to:" ], [ "People and fictional characters", "* Asa (name), a given name, including a list of people and fictional characters so named* Asa people, an ethnic group based in Tanzania* Aṣa, Nigerian-French singer, songwriter, and recording ...	wikipedia

[ [ "The Plague (novel)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''The Plague''''' () is a 1947 absurdist novel by Albert Camus.", "It tells the story from the point of view of a narrator in the midst of a plague sweeping the French Algerian city of Oran.", "The narrator remains unknown until the beginning o...

wikipedia

[ [ "Applied ethics" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Applied ethics''' is the practical aspect of moral considerations.", "It is ethics with respect to real-world actions and their moral considerations in private and public life, the professions, health, technology, law, and leadership.", "For exampl...

wikipedia

[ [ "Absolute value" ], [ "Introduction", "graph of the absolute value function for real numbersThe absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero.In mathematics, the '''absolute value''' or '''modulus''' of a real number , is the non-negative value without regard to its sign...

wikipedia

[ [ "Analog signal" ], [ "Introduction", "An '''analog signal''' is any continuous-time signal representing some other quantity, i.e., ''analogous'' to another quantity.", "For example, in an analog audio signal, the instantaneous signal voltage varies continuously with the pressure of the sound w...

wikipedia

[ [ "Arecales" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Arecales''' is an order of flowering plants.", "The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes." ], [ "Taxonomy", "The APG IV system of 2016 pla...

wikipedia

[ [ "Hercule Poirot" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Hercule Poirot''' (, ) is a fictional Belgian detective created by British writer Agatha Christie.", "Poirot is one of Christie's most famous and long-running characters, appearing in 33 novels, two plays (''Black Coffee'' and ''Alibi''), and 51 short ...

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[ [ "Miss Marple" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Miss Jane Marple''' is a fictional character in Agatha Christie's crime novels and short stories.", "'''Miss Marple''' lives in the village of St. Mary Mead and acts as an amateur consulting detective.", "Often characterized as an elderly spinster, sh...

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[ [ "April" ], [ "Introduction", "'''April''' is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.", "Its length is 30 days.April is commonly associated with the season of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalen...

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[ [ "August" ], [ "Introduction", "Depiction of harvesting in the August calendar page of the Queen Mary Psalter (fol.", "78v), ca.", "1310'''August''' is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.", "Its length is 31 days.In the Southern Hemisphere, August is the ...

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[ [ "Aaron" ], [ "Introduction", "According to Abrahamic religions, '''Aaron''' ( or ) was a prophet, a high priest, and the elder brother of Moses.", "Information about Aaron comes exclusively from religious texts such as the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament (Luke, Acts, and Hebrews), and the Qu...

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[ [ "April 6" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre–1600===*46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus.", "* 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia.", "*1320 – Th...

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[ [ "April 12" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===* 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I.", "* 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.", "* 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to Christia...

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[ [ "April 15" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.", "*1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscard.", "*14...

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[ [ "April 30" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===*311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.", "*1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.", "*1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commis...

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[ [ "August 22" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===* 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.", "* 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.", "*1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland and Englan...

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[ [ "August 27" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===* 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days.", "*1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England.", "*1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the Kamakura sh...

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[ [ "Alcohol (chemistry)" ], [ "Introduction", "Ball-and-stick model of an alcohol molecule ().", "The red and white balls represent the hydroxyl group ().", "The three \"R\"s stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms.The bond angle between a hydroxyl group () and a chain of carbon atoms...

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[ [ "Achill Island" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Achill Island''' (; ) is the largest of the Irish isles and lies off the west coast of Ireland in County Mayo.", "It has a population of 2,345.Its area is around .", "Achill is attached to the mainland by Michael Davitt Bridge, between the villages ...

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[ [ "Allen Ginsberg" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Irwin Allen Ginsberg''' (; June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet and writer.", "As a student at Columbia University in the 1940s, he began friendships with Lucien Carr, William S. Burroughs and Jack Kerouac, forming the core of the Beat Ge...

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[ [ "Algebraically closed field" ], [ "Introduction", "In mathematics, a field is '''algebraically closed''' if every non-constant polynomial in (the univariate polynomial ring with coefficients in ) has a root in ." ], [ "Examples", "As an example, the field of real numbers is not algeb...

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[ [ "August 6" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===*1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean.", "*1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.===1601–1...

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[ [ "Anatoly Karpov" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov''' (; born May 23, 1951) is a Russian and former Soviet chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, ⁣and politician.", "Widely regarded as one of the greatest chess players of all time, he was the 12th World Chess Champi...

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[ [ "Aspect ratio" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''aspect ratio''' of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions.", "For example, the aspect ratio of a rectangle is the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side—the ratio of width to height, when the rectangle is oriented a...

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[ [ "Auto racing" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Auto racing''' (also known as '''car racing''', '''motor racing''', or '''automobile racing''') is a motorsport involving the racing of automobiles for competition.", "In North America, the term is commonly used to describe all forms of automobile sport i...

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[ [ "Anarcho-capitalism" ], [ "Introduction", "The black and gold flag, a symbol of anarchism (black) and capitalism (gold) which according to Murray Rothbard was first flown in 1963 in 261x261px'''Anarcho-capitalism''' (colloquially: '''ancap''' or '''an-cap''') is an anti-statist, libertarian politi...

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[ [ "August 9" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===*48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt.", "* 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens is defeat...

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[ [ "Aristophanes" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aristophanes''' (; , ; ), son of Philippus and Zenodora, of the deme Kydathenaion (), was a comic playwright or comedy-writer of ancient Athens and a poet of Old Attic Comedy.", "Eleven of his forty plays survive virtually complete.", "These provide ...

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[ [ "Albert Schweitzer" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer''' (; 14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was an Alsatian polymath.", "He was a theologian, organist, musicologist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician.", "A Lutheran minister, Schweitzer challenged...

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[ [ "Austrian school of economics" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Austrian School''' is a heterodox school of economic thought that advocates strict adherence to methodological individualism, the concept that social phenomena result primarily from the motivations and actions of individuals and their sel...

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[ [ "Abscess" ], [ "Introduction", "An '''abscess''' is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.", "Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling.", "The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed.", "The area of redness often exte...

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[ [ "Aalborg Municipality" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aalborg Municipality''' () is a municipality in North Jutland Region on the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark.", "The municipality straddles the Limfjord, the waterway which connects the North Sea and the Kattegat east-to-west, and which sepa...

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[ [ "Aarhus" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aarhus''' (, , ; officially spelled '''Århus''' from 1948 until 1 January 2011) is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus Municipality.", "It is located on the eastern shore of Jutland in the Kattegat sea and approximately northwest of Cope...

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[ [ "Northern cavefish" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''northern cavefish''' or '''northern blindfish''' ('''''Amblyopsis spelaea''''') is found in caves through Kentucky and southern Indiana.", "The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the species as near threatened.The life cycle of...

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[ [ "Abatement" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Abatement''' refers generally to a lessening, diminution, reduction, or moderation; specifically, it may refer to:* 421-a tax abatement, property tax exemption in the U.S. state of New York* Abatement of debts and legacies, a common law doctrine of wills* Abate...

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[ [ "Amateur" ], [ "Introduction", "Amateur association football playerAn '''amateur''' () is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income.", "Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, an...

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[ [ "Alexis Carrel" ], [ "Introduction", "Carrel in 1912'''Alexis Carrel''' (; 28 June 1873 – 5 November 1944) was a French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques.", "He invented the first perfusion pump w...

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[ [ "All Souls' Day" ], [ "Introduction", "'''All Souls' Day''', also called '''The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed''', is a day of prayer and remembrance for the faithful departed, observed by Christians on 2 November.", "Through prayer, intercessions, alms and visits to cemeteries, pe...

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[ [ "Anatole France" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''' (; born '''''', ; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers.", "Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters.", "He was a member of the Académie ...

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[ [ "André Gide" ], [ "Introduction", "'''André Paul Guillaume Gide''' (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author whose writings spanned a wide variety of styles and topics.", "He was awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Gide's career ranged from his beginnings in th...

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[ [ "Algorithms for calculating variance" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Algorithms for calculating variance''' play a major role in computational statistics.", "A key difficulty in the design of good algorithms for this problem is that formulas for the variance may involve sums of squares, which can le...

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[ [ "Almond" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''almond''' ('''''Prunus amygdalus''''', syn.", "'''''Prunus dulcis''''') is a species of small tree from the genus ''Prunus'', cultivated worldwide for its seed, a culinary nut.", "Along with the peach, it is classified in the subgenus ''Amygdalus'', di...

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[ [ "Demographics of Antigua and Barbuda" ], [ "Introduction", "Antigua and Barbuda population pyramid in 2020This article is a demography of the population of Antigua and Barbuda including population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population." ], [ "Popula...

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[ [ "Politics of Antigua and Barbuda" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''politics of Antigua and Barbuda''' takes place in a framework of a unitary parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, wherein the sovereign of Antigua and Barbuda is the head of state, appointing a governor-general to act as vic...

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[ [ "Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda''' are via media in the telecommunications industry." ], [ "Telephone", "'''Telephones – main lines in use:''' 37,500 (2006):''country comparison to the world:'' 168'''Telepho...

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[ [ "Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force''' ('''ABDF''') is the armed forces of Antigua and Barbuda.", "The ABDF has responsibility for several different roles: internal security, prevention of drug smuggling, the protection and support...

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[ [ "Antisemitism" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Antisemitism''' (also spelled '''anti-semitism''' or '''anti-Semitism''') is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews.", "This sentiment is a form of racism, and a person who harbours it is called an '''antisemite'''.", "Though...

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[ [ "Economy of Azerbaijan" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''economy of Azerbaijan''' is highly dependent on oil and gas exports, in particular since the completion of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline.", "The transition to oil production in the late 1990s led to rapid economic growth over the period 1...

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[ [ "Geography of Azerbaijan" ], [ "Introduction", "Azerbaijan map of Köppen climate classification zonesAzerbaijan is a country in the Caucasus region, situated at the juncture of Eastern Europe and West Asia.", "Three physical features dominate Azerbaijan: the Caspian Sea, whose shoreline forms ...

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[ [ "Foreign relations of Azerbaijan" ], [ "Introduction", "The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organizatio...

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[ [ "Azerbaijani Armed Forces" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Azerbaijani Armed Forces''' () is the military of the Republic of Azerbaijan.", "It was re-established according to the country's Law of the Armed Forces on 9 October 1991.The original Azerbaijan Democratic Republic's armed forces were di...

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[ [ "Geography of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "Armenia map of Köppen climate classification zonesSatellite image of ArmeniaArmenia is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus region of the Caucasus.", "The country is geographically located in West Asia, within the Armenian plateau.", "Arme...

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[ [ "Demographics of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "After registering steady increases during the Soviet period, the population of Armenia declined from its peak value of 3.633 million in 1992 to 2.986 million in 2017.Whilst the country's population increased steadily during the Soviet Union as a resu...

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[ [ "Politics of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''politics of Armenia''' take place in the framework of the parliamentary representative democratic republic of Armenia, whereby the president of Armenia is the head of state and the prime minister of Armenia the head of government, and of a multi-p...

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[ [ "Economy of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''economy of Armenia''' grew by 12.6% in 2022, according to the country's Statistical Committee and the International Monetary Fund.", "Total output amounted to 8.5 trillion Armenian drams, or $19.5 billion.", "At the same time, Armenia's for...

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[ [ "Transport in Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "This article considers '''transport in Armenia'''." ], [ "Railways", "===Total=== in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines===Broad gauge===825 km of gauge (825 km electrified) (1995)There is no service south of Yerevan.C...

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[ [ "Armed Forces of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Armed Forces of Armenia''' (), sometimes referred to as the '''Armenian Army''' (), is the national military of Armenia.", "It consists of personnel branches under the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces, which can be divided into t...

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[ [ "Foreign relations of Armenia" ], [ "Introduction", "Since its independence, Armenia has maintained a policy of trying to have positive and friendly relations with Iran, Russia, and the West, including the United States and the European Union.", "It has full membership status in a number of in...

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[ [ "Demographics of American Samoa" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Demographics of American Samoa''' include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.", "American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United ...

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[ [ "Politics of American Samoa" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Politics of American Samoa''' takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic dependency, whereby the governor is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.", "American Samoa is an unincorporated a...

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[ [ "Economy of American Samoa" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''economy of American Samoa''' is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned.", "Economic activity is strongly linked to the United States, with which American Samoa conducts the great bulk of i...

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[ [ "August 13" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===*29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.", "* 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.", "* 554 – Emperor Jus...

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[ [ "Avicenna" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Ibn Sina''' (; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as '''Avicenna''' (), was the preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers.", "(page 113) \...

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[ [ "The Ashes" ], [ "Introduction", "'''The Ashes''' is a men's Test cricket series played biennially between England and Australia.", "The term originated in a satirical obituary published in a British newspaper, ''The Sporting Times'', immediately after Australia's 1882 victory at The Oval, its...

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[ [ "Analysis" ], [ "Introduction", " Adriaen van Ostade, \"Analysis\" (1666)'''Analysis''' (: '''analyses''') is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it.", "The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and...

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[ [ "Abner Doubleday" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Abner Doubleday''' (June 26, 1819 – January 26, 1893) was a career United States Army officer and Union major general in the American Civil War.", "He fired the first shot in defense of Fort Sumter, the opening battle of the war, and had a pivotal rol...

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[ [ "America's National Game" ], [ "Introduction", "thumb'''''America's National Game''''' is a book by Albert Spalding, published in 1911, that details the early history of the sport of baseball.", "It is one of the defining books in the early formative years of modern baseball.Much of the story ...

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[ [ "Amplitude modulation" ], [ "Introduction", "Figure 1: An audio signal (top) may be carried by a alt=Animation of audio, AM and FM modulated carriers.", "'''Amplitude modulation''' ('''AM''') is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages w...

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[ [ "Augustin-Jean Fresnel" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Augustin-Jean Fresnel''' (10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from t...

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[ [ "Abbot" ], [ "Introduction", "St. Dominic of Silos enthroned as abbot (Hispano-Flemish Gothic 15th century)'''Abbot''' is an ecclesiastical title given to the head of an independent monastery for men in various Western Christian traditions.", "The name is derived from ''abba'', the Syriac form...

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[ [ "Ardipithecus" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Ardipithecus''''' is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene epochs in the Afar Depression, Ethiopia.", "Originally described as one of the earliest ancestors of humans after they diverged from the chimpanze...

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[ [ "Assembly line" ], [ "Introduction", "An Airbus A321 on final assembly line 3 in the Airbus Hamburg-Finkenwerder plantHyundai's car assembly lineAn '''assembly line''' is a manufacturing process (often called a ''progressive assembly'') in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added as t...

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[ [ "Adelaide" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Adelaide''' ( , ; , ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia.", "\"Adelaide\" may refer to either '''Greater Adelaide''' (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre.", ...

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[ [ "Alan Garner" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Alan Garner''' (born 17 October 1934) is an English novelist best known for his children's fantasy novels and his retellings of traditional British folk tales.", "Much of his work is rooted in the landscape, history and folklore of his native county of C...

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[ [ "August 2" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===*338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.", "*216 BC – The Carthaginian army led by Hanni...

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[ [ "Atlantic (disambiguation)" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Atlantic Ocean''' is the second largest of the world's oceans, that separates the old world from the new world.", "'''Atlantic''' may also refer to:" ], [ "Places", "===In Canada===* Atlantic, Nova Scotia* Atlantic Canada===I...

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[ [ "Algebraic number" ], [ "Introduction", "The square root of 2 is an algebraic number equal to the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of length 1.An '''algebraic number''' is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rationa...

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[ [ "Automorphism" ], [ "Introduction", "automorphism of the Klein four-group shown as a mapping between two Cayley graphs, a permutation in cycle notation, and a mapping between two Cayley tables.In mathematics, an '''automorphism''' is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself.", "It i...

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[ [ "Accordion" ], [ "Introduction", "An accordionist'''Accordions''' (from 19th-century German '''', from ''''—\"musical chord, concord of sounds\") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free reed aerophone type (producing sound as air flows past a reed in a frame).", ...

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[ [ "Artificial intelligence" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Artificial intelligence''' ('''AI''') is the intelligence of machines or software, as opposed to the intelligence of other living beings, primarily of humans.", "It is a field of study in computer science that develops and studies intelligent ...

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[ [ "Afro Celt Sound System" ], [ "Introduction", "''' Afro Celt Sound System''' are a European and African group who fuse electronic music with traditional Gaelic and West African music.", "Afro Celt Sound System were formed in 1995 by producer-guitarist Simon Emmerson, and feature a wide range o...

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[ [ "Ancient philosophy" ], [ "Introduction", "This page lists some links to '''ancient philosophy''', namely philosophical thought extending as far as early post-classical history ()." ], [ "Overview", "Genuine philosophical thought, depending upon original individual insights, arose in m...

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[ [ "Anaximander" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Anaximander''' ( ; ''Anaximandros''; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia (in modern-day Turkey).", "He belonged to the Milesian school and learned the teachings of his master Thales.", "He succeeded Thales and...

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[ [ "APL" ], [ "Introduction", "'''APL''' is an abbreviation, acronym, or initialism that may refer to:" ], [ "Science and technology", "* 132524 APL, an asteroid* Abductor pollicis longus muscle, in the human hand* Acute promyelocytic leukemia, a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia* ''A...

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[ [ "Architect" ], [ "Introduction", " An '''architect''' is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings.", "To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have h...

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[ [ "Abbreviation" ], [ "Introduction", "Example of 15th-century Latin manuscript text with scribal abbreviationsAn '''abbreviation''' (from Latin , meaning \"short\") is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method.", "It may consist of a group of letters or words taken from the full versi...

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[ [ "Aphrodite" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aphrodite''' (, ) is an ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, procreation, and as her syncretized Roman goddess counterpart , desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory.", "Aphrodite's major symbols include seashe...

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[ [ "April 1" ], [ "Introduction" ], [ "Events", "===Pre-1600===* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.", "*1081 – Alexios I Komnenos overthrows the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, and, after his troops spend th...

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[ [ "Antisymmetric relation" ], [ "Introduction", "In mathematics, a binary relation on a set is '''antisymmetric''' if there is no pair of ''distinct'' elements of each of which is related by to the other.", "More formally, is antisymmetric precisely if for all or equivalently,The definition...

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[ [ "Aleister Crowley" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aleister Crowley''' (; born '''Edward Alexander Crowley'''; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, philosopher, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist and mountaineer.", "He founded the religion of Thelema, identifying him...

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[ [ "Afterlife" ], [ "Introduction", "Idris visiting Heaven and Hell from an illuminated manuscript version of the Islamic text ''Stories of the Prophets'' (1577).The '''afterlife''' or '''life after death''' is a purported existence in which the essential part of an individual's stream of consciousne...

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[ [ "Astrometry" ], [ "Introduction", "Illustration of the use of interferometry in the optical wavelength range to determine precise positions of stars.", "''Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech'''''Astrometry''' is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of s...

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[ [ "Athena" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Athena''' or '''Athene''', often given the epithet '''Pallas''', is an ancient Greek goddess associated with wisdom, warfare, and handicraft who was later syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva.", "Athena was regarded as the patron and protectress of vario...

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[ [ "Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''''Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game''''' is a role-playing game created and written by Erick Wujcik, set in the fictional universe created by author Roger Zelazny for his ''Chronicles of Amber''.", "The game is unusual in that no dic...

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[ [ "Athene (disambiguation)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Athene''' or Athena is the shrewd companion of heroes and the goddess of heroic endeavour in Greek mythology.", "'''Athene''' may also refer to:*881 Athene, a main-belt asteroid*''Athene'' (bird), a genus of small owls*Athene (Cynuria), a town...

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[ [ "Alloy" ], [ "Introduction", "From left to right: three alloys (beryllium copper, Inconel, steel) and three pure metals (titanium, aluminum, magnesium)An '''alloy''' is a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metal.", "Unlike chemical compounds with metallic bases, an alloy w...

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[ [ "Artistic revolution" ], [ "Introduction", "Throughout history, forms of art have gone through periodic abrupt changes called '''artistic revolutions'''.", "Movements have come to an end to be replaced by a new movement markedly different in striking ways." ], [ "Scientific and technol...

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[ [ "Agrarianism" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Agrarianism''' is a social and political philosophy that has promoted subsistence agriculture, family farming, widespread property ownership, and political decentralization.", "Adherents of agrarianism tend to value traditional bonds of local community ov...

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[ [ "Atomic" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Atomic''' may refer to:* Of or relating to the atom, the smallest particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties* Atomic physics, the study of the atom* Atomic Age, also known as the \"Atomic Era\"* Atomic scale, distances comparable to the di...

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[ [ "Angle" ], [ "Introduction", "rays on the Cartesian coordinate systemIn Euclidean geometry, an '''angle''' is the figure formed by two rays, called the ''sides'' of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the ''vertex'' of the angle.Angles formed by two rays are also known as '''''plane angle...

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[ [ "Asa" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Asa''' may refer to:" ], [ "People and fictional characters", "* Asa (name), a given name, including a list of people and fictional characters so named* Asa people, an ethnic group based in Tanzania* Aṣa, Nigerian-French singer, songwriter, and recording ...

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