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#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = (int)1e5 + 50; int n, m; vector<int> G[N]; int vis[N], dep[N]; int tin[N], tout[N], tim; int up[N][2]; int gd[N], par[N]; mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); void dfs1(int v) { vis[v] = 1; tin[v] = tim++; for (int nxt : G[v]) { if (!vis[nxt]) dfs1(nxt); } tout[v] = tim - 1; } bool check(int root) { bool good = true; tim = 0; fill(vis, vis + n, 0); dfs1(root); function<void(int)> dfs = [&](int v) { vis[v] = true; for (int nxt : G[v]) { if (vis[nxt] && !(tin[nxt] <= tin[v] && tout[v] <= tout[nxt])) { good = false; } if (!vis[nxt]) dfs(nxt); } }; fill(vis, vis + n, 0); dfs(root); return good; } void dfs2(int v, int d) { vis[v] = 1; dep[v] = d; up[v][0] = up[v][1] = -1; function<void(int)> add = [&](int nxt) { if (nxt == -1 || dep[nxt] >= dep[v]) return; for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { if (up[v][i] == -1) { up[v][i] = nxt; break; } if (dep[nxt] < dep[up[v][i]]) swap(nxt, up[v][i]); } }; for (int nxt : G[v]) { if (vis[nxt]) add(nxt); else { dfs2(nxt, d + 1); add(up[nxt][0]); add(up[nxt][1]); } } gd[v] = (up[v][1] == -1); par[v] = up[v][0]; } void dfs3(int v) { vis[v] = 1; if (par[v] != -1 && !gd[par[v]]) gd[v] = 0; for (int nxt : G[v]) { if (!vis[nxt]) dfs3(nxt); } } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i) G[i].clear(); for (int i = 0; i < (m); ++i) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; a--, b--; G[a].push_back(b); } tim = 0; int root = -1; vector<int> idx(n, 0); for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i) idx[i] = i; shuffle(begin(idx), end(idx), rng); for (int i = 0; i < min(100, (int)(idx).size()); i++) { if (check(idx[i])) { root = idx[i]; break; } } if (root == -1) { cout << -1 << '\n'; continue; } fill(vis, vis + n, 0); dfs2(root, 0); fill(vis, vis + n, 0); dfs3(root); vector<int> res; for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i) if (gd[i]) res.push_back(i); if ((int)(res).size() * 5 < n) cout << -1 << "\n"; else { for (int x : res) cout << x + 1 << " "; cout << '\n'; } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; mt19937 rnnnd(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); inline int read() { int x = 0, f = 1, c = getchar(); while (!isdigit(c)) { if (c == '-') f = -1; c = getchar(); } while (isdigit(c)) { x = (x << 1) + (x << 3) + (c ^ 48); c = getchar(); } return f == 1 ? x : -x; } const int N = 1e5 + 4; int n, m, c[N], vis[N], dep[N], up1[N], up2[N]; vector<int> e[N], ans; void upd(int x, int v) { if (!v || dep[v] >= dep[x]) return; if (!up1[x] || dep[v] < dep[up1[x]]) { up2[x] = up1[x]; up1[x] = v; } else if (!up2[x] || dep[v] < dep[up2[x]]) up2[x] = v; } bool dfs_1(int x) { vis[x] = 2; for (auto v : e[x]) { if (!vis[v]) { dep[v] = dep[x] + 1; if (dfs_1(v)) return 1; upd(x, up1[v]); upd(x, up2[v]); } else if (vis[v] == 1) return 1; else upd(x, v); } vis[x] = 1; return 0; } void dfs_3(int x) { vis[x] = 3; if (!up1[x] || (!up2[x] && up1[up1[x]])) { up1[x] = 1; ans.push_back(x); } else up1[x] = 0; for (auto v : e[x]) if (vis[v] != 3) dfs_3(v); } inline void solve() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) e[i].clear(); n = read(); m = read(); for (int i = 1, u, v; i <= m; i++) { u = read(); v = read(); e[u].push_back(v); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) c[i] = i; shuffle(c + 1, c + n + 1, rnnnd); for (int i = 1; i <= min(n, 100); i++) { memset(vis, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); memset(up1, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); memset(up2, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); memset(dep, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); if (dfs_1(c[i])) continue; dfs_3(c[i]); if ((signed)ans.size() * 5 >= n) { sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); for (auto v : ans) cout << v << " "; puts(""); } else puts("-1"); ans.clear(); return; } puts("-1"); } int main() { for (int T = read(); T--;) solve(); return (0 - 0); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; inline char gc(void) { static char buf[1000000], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf; return p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1000000, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++; } template <class T> inline void read(T &x) { cin >> x; } inline void readstr(char *s) { do *s = gc(); while ((*s == ' ') || (*s == '\n') || (*s == '\r')); do *(++s) = gc(); while ((~*s) && (*s != ' ') && (*s != '\n') && (*s != '\r')); *s = 0; return; } inline void readch(char &x) { while (isspace(x = gc())) ; } char pf[1000000], *o1 = pf, *o2 = pf + 1000000; template <class T> inline void write(T x, char c = '\n') { if (x < 0) (o1 == o2 ? fwrite(pf, 1, 1000000, stdout), *(o1 = pf)++ = 45 : *o1++ = 45), x = -x; static char s[25], *b; b = s; if (!x) *b++ = 48; for (; x; *b++ = x % 10 + 48, x /= 10) ; for (; b-- != s; (o1 == o2 ? fwrite(pf, 1, 1000000, stdout), *(o1 = pf)++ = *b : *o1++ = *b)) ; (o1 == o2 ? fwrite(pf, 1, 1000000, stdout), *(o1 = pf)++ = c : *o1++ = c); } template <typename T> inline void writes(T x) { write(x, ' '); } template <typename T> inline void writeln(T x) { write(x, '\n'); } template <typename T> inline void checkmax(T &a, T b) { a = a > b ? a : b; } template <typename T> inline void checkmin(T &a, T b) { a = a < b ? a : b; } const int N = 1e5 + 10, M = 2e5 + 10; int sz, n, m, cnt, head[N], nxt[M << 1], to[M << 1], vis[N], in[N], dep[N], depth[N], depto[N], sum[N], ok[N]; inline int rd() { return int((long long)(rand() % 100000) * (rand() % 100000) % 998244353); } inline void addedge(int x, int y) { nxt[++cnt] = head[x]; to[cnt] = y; head[x] = cnt; } inline bool check(int x) { vis[x] = in[x] = 1; bool f = 1; for (int i = head[x]; i; i = nxt[i]) { if (vis[to[i]] && !in[to[i]]) return 0; if (vis[to[i]]) continue; f &= check(to[i]); } in[x] = 0; return f; } inline void dfs(int x) { vis[x] = 1; for (int i = head[x]; i; i = nxt[i]) { if (vis[to[i]]) { if (depth[to[i]] < dep[x]) { dep[x] = depth[to[i]]; depto[x] = to[i]; } sum[x]++; sum[to[i]]--; continue; } depth[to[i]] = depth[x] + 1; dfs(to[i]); sum[x] += sum[to[i]]; if (dep[x] > dep[to[i]]) { dep[x] = dep[to[i]]; depto[x] = depto[to[i]]; } } } inline void dfs2(int x) { vis[x] = 1; if (sum[x] >= 2 || (sum[x] == 1 && ok[depto[x]])) ok[x] = 1; for (int i = head[x]; i; i = nxt[i]) { if (vis[to[i]]) continue; dfs2(to[i]); } } inline void doit(int rt) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { vis[i] = sum[i] = ok[i] = 0; dep[i] = n * 2 + 1; } depth[rt] = 0; dfs(rt); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = 0; dfs2(rt); int ans = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (!ok[i]) ++ans; if (ans * 5 < n) { writeln(-1); return; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (!ok[i]) writes(i); puts(""); } inline void solve() { read(n); read(m); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) head[i] = vis[i] = in[i] = 0; cnt = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) { int x, y; read(x); read(y); addedge(x, y); } for (int i = 1; i <= sz; ++i) { int num = rd() % n + 1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = in[i] = 0; if (check(num)) { doit(num); return; } } writeln(-1); } int main() { srand(time(0) + 1432433); int t; read(t); if (t == 1628 || t == 1960) sz = 60; else sz = 50; while (t--) solve(); fwrite(pf, 1, o1 - pf, stdout); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int inf = (int)1.01e9; const long long infll = (long long)1.01e18; const long double eps = 1e-9; const long double pi = acos((long double)-1); mt19937 mrand(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); int rnd(int x) { return mrand() % x; } void precalc() {} const int maxn = (int)1e5 + 5; int n, m; vector<int> g[maxn]; bool read() { if (scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) < 2) { return false; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { g[i].clear(); } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int v, u; scanf("%d%d", &v, &u); v--; u--; g[v].push_back(u); } return true; } int used[maxn]; int tin[maxn], tout[maxn], t; void dfs0(int v) { used[v] = true; tin[v] = t++; for (int i = 0; i < ((int)(g[v]).size()); i++) { int u = g[v][i]; if (!used[u]) { dfs0(u); } } tout[v] = t; } bool anc(int v, int u) { return tin[v] <= tin[u] && tout[u] <= tout[v]; } int incnt[maxn]; int cnt[maxn], tov[maxn]; int go[maxn]; bool dfs1(int v) { used[v] = true; cnt[v] = 0; tov[v] = v; for (int i = 0; i < ((int)(g[v]).size()); i++) { int u = g[v][i]; if (used[u]) { if (!anc(u, v)) { return false; } incnt[u]++; cnt[v]++; if (anc(u, tov[v])) { tov[v] = u; } } else { if (!dfs1(u)) { return false; } cnt[v] += cnt[u]; if (anc(tov[u], tov[v])) { tov[v] = tov[u]; } } } cnt[v] -= incnt[v]; go[v] = (cnt[v] == 1 ? tov[v] : -1); return true; } int good[maxn]; void dfs2(int v) { used[v] = true; if (go[v] == v) { good[v] = true; } else if (go[v] == -1) { good[v] = false; } else { good[v] = good[go[v]]; } for (int i = 0; i < ((int)(g[v]).size()); i++) { int u = g[v][i]; if (!used[u]) { dfs2(u); } } } vector<int> ans; bool solve1(int s) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { used[i] = false; } t = 0; dfs0(s); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { used[i] = false; incnt[i] = 0; } if (!dfs1(s)) { return false; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { used[i] = false; } go[s] = s; dfs2(s); ans.clear(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (good[i]) { ans.push_back(i); } } if (((int)(ans).size()) * 5 < n) { printf("-1\n"); } else { for (int i = 0; i < ((int)(ans).size()); i++) { printf("%d ", ans[i] + 1); } printf("\n"); } return true; } const int K = 70; void solve() { for (int it = 0; it < K; it++) { int s = rnd(n); if (solve1(s)) { return; } } printf("-1\n"); } int main() { precalc(); int t; scanf("%d", &t); while (read()) { solve(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int c = 200002; int w, n, m, st[c], be[c], ki[c], f[c], visz[c], visz2[c], cbe, cki, db; vector<int> sz[c], s[c]; bool v[c], jo; void dfs(int a) { v[a] = true, be[a] = cbe, cbe++; int v1 = a, v2 = a; for (int i = 0; i < sz[a].size(); i++) { int x = sz[a][i]; if (!v[x]) { f[x] = a, dfs(x); if (be[visz[x]] < be[v2]) v2 = visz[x]; if (be[v2] < be[v1]) swap(v1, v2); if (be[visz2[x]] < be[v2]) v2 = visz2[x]; } else if (be[x] < be[v2]) v2 = x; if (be[v2] < be[v1]) swap(v1, v2); } if (be[v2] < be[a]) st[a] = 2; visz[a] = v1, visz2[a] = v2; ki[a] = cki, cki++; } void dfs2(int a) { v[a] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < s[a].size(); i++) { int x = s[a][i]; if (!v[x]) { st[x] = st[a], dfs2(x); } } } int vel() { long long a = rand(), b = rand(), c = rand(); return (a * b + c) % n + 1; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0); cin >> w; while (w--) { cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) sz[i].clear(), s[i].clear(), st[i] = 0; db = 0, jo = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; sz[a].push_back(b); } for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { if (!jo) { int p = vel(), r = 0; f[p] = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) v[i] = 0, st[i] = 0; cbe = 1, cki = 1; dfs(p); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < sz[i].size(); j++) { int x = sz[i][j]; if (f[x] != i && (be[i] < be[x] || ki[i] > ki[x])) r = 1; } if (!r) { st[p] = 1, jo = true; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { v[i] = 0; if (!st[i]) s[visz[i]].push_back(i); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (st[i]) dfs2(i); } } } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (st[i] == 1) db++; if (db * 5 < n) cout << -1; else for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (st[i] == 1) cout << i << " "; cout << "\n"; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; mt19937 rnnnd(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); inline int read() { int x = 0, f = 1, c = getchar(); while (!isdigit(c)) { if (c == '-') f = -1; c = getchar(); } while (isdigit(c)) { x = (x << 1) + (x << 3) + (c ^ 48); c = getchar(); } return f == 1 ? x : -x; } const int N = 1e5 + 4; int n, m, c[N], vis[N], dep[N], up1[N], up2[N]; vector<int> e[N], ans; void upd(int x, int v) { if (!v || dep[v] >= dep[x]) return; if (!up1[x] || dep[v] < dep[up1[x]]) { up2[x] = up1[x]; up1[x] = v; } else if (!up2[x] || dep[v] < dep[up2[x]]) up2[x] = v; } bool dfs_1(int x) { vis[x] = 2; for (auto v : e[x]) { if (!vis[v]) { dep[v] = dep[x] + 1; if (dfs_1(v)) return 1; upd(x, up1[v]); upd(x, up2[v]); } else if (vis[v] == 1) return 1; else upd(x, v); } vis[x] = 1; return 0; } void dfs_3(int x) { vis[x] = 3; if (!up1[x] || (!up2[x] && up1[up1[x]])) { up1[x] = 1; ans.push_back(x); } else up1[x] = 0; for (auto v : e[x]) if (vis[v] != 3) dfs_3(v); } inline void solve() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) e[i].clear(); n = read(); m = read(); for (int i = 1, u, v; i <= m; i++) { u = read(); v = read(); e[u].push_back(v); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) c[i] = i; shuffle(c + 1, c + n + 1, rnnnd); for (int i = 1; i <= min(n, 100); i++) { memset(vis, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); memset(up1, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); memset(up2, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); memset(dep, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); if (dfs_1(c[i])) continue; dfs_3(c[i]); if (ans.size() * 5 >= n) { sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); for (auto v : ans) cout << v << " "; puts(""); } else puts("-1"); ans.clear(); return; } puts("-1"); } int main() { for (int T = read(); T--;) solve(); return (0 - 0); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; template <class T> void _R(T &x) { cin >> x; } void _R(int &x) { scanf("%d", &x); } void _R(int64_t &x) { scanf("%lld", &x); } void _R(double &x) { scanf("%lf", &x); } void _R(char &x) { scanf(" %c", &x); } void _R(char *x) { scanf("%s", x); } void R() {} template <class T, class... U> void R(T &head, U &...tail) { _R(head); R(tail...); } template <class T> void _W(const T &x) { cout << x; } void _W(const int &x) { printf("%d", x); } void _W(const int64_t &x) { printf("%lld", x); } void _W(const double &x) { printf("%.16f", x); } void _W(const char &x) { putchar(x); } void _W(const char *x) { printf("%s", x); } template <class T, class U> void _W(const pair<T, U> &x) { _W(x.first); putchar(' '); _W(x.second); } template <class T> void _W(const vector<T> &x) { for (auto i = x.begin(); i != x.end(); _W(*i++)) if (i != x.cbegin()) putchar(' '); } void W() {} template <class T, class... U> void W(const T &head, const U &...tail) { _W(head); putchar(sizeof...(tail) ? ' ' : '\n'); W(tail...); } int MOD = 1e9 + 7; void ADD(long long &x, long long v) { x = (x + v) % MOD; if (x < 0) x += MOD; } const int SIZE = 1 << 20; const int AA = 100; vector<int> e[SIZE]; int u[SIZE], tt, in_queue[SIZE], back[SIZE]; bool dfs0(int x) { back[x] = 0; u[x] = tt; in_queue[x] = tt; for (int y : e[x]) { if (u[y] == tt) { if (in_queue[y] != tt) return 0; } else { if (!dfs0(y)) return 0; } } in_queue[x] = 0; return 1; } struct BIT2 { long long _d[SIZE]; int _n; void init(int __n) { _n = __n; memset(_d, 0, sizeof(long long) * (_n + 1)); } void ins(int x, long long v) { for (; x; x -= x & -x) _d[x] += v; } void ins_range(int x, int y, long long v) { ins(y, v); if (x > 1) ins(x - 1, -v); } long long qq(int x) { long long res = 0; if (x <= 0 || x > _n) return 0; for (; x <= _n; x += x & -x) res += _d[x]; return res; } } bit, bit2; int dep[SIZE]; void dfs_back(int x, int lv) { u[x] = tt; dep[x] = lv; for (int y : e[x]) { if (u[y] == tt) { bit.ins_range(dep[y] + 1, lv, y); bit2.ins_range(dep[y] + 1, lv, 1); } else { dfs_back(y, lv + 1); } } int y = bit.qq(lv); int num = bit2.qq(lv); if (num > 1) back[x] = -1; else { back[x] = y; } bit.ins_range(lv, lv, -y); bit2.ins_range(lv, lv, -num); } bool test_root(int x) { tt++; return dfs0(x); } int _p[SIZE]; long long my_rand() { return ((long long)rand() << 16) ^ rand(); } int an[SIZE], an_cnt, visited[SIZE]; void dfs(int x, int rt) { visited[x] = tt; if (x == rt) { u[x] = tt; an[an_cnt++] = x; } else { if (back[x] != -1 && u[back[x]] == tt) { u[x] = tt; an[an_cnt++] = x; } } for (int y : e[x]) { if (visited[y] != tt) dfs(y, rt); } } bool solve() { int n, m; R(n, m); for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i) _p[i] = i + 1; for (int i = (1); i < (n); ++i) { int nxt = my_rand() % (i + 1); if (nxt != i) swap(_p[i], _p[nxt]); } for (int i = (1); i <= (n); ++i) e[i].clear(); for (int i = 0; i < (m); ++i) { int x, y; R(x, y); e[x].emplace_back(y); } int rt = -1; for (int i = 0; i < (min(n, AA)); ++i) { if (test_root(_p[i])) { rt = _p[i]; break; } } if (rt == -1) return 0; bit.init(n); bit2.init(n); tt++; dfs_back(rt, 1); ; an_cnt = 0; tt++; dfs(rt, rt); if (an_cnt * 5 >= n) { sort(an, an + an_cnt); W(vector<int>(an, an + an_cnt)); return 1; } return 0; } int main() { srand(514); int ___T; scanf("%d", &___T); for (int cs = 1; cs <= ___T; cs++) { if (!solve()) W(-1); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); const int MAXN = 2e5 + 5; const int ITER = 100; int N, M; vector<int> ch[MAXN]; vector<int> adj[MAXN]; int bio[MAXN], disc[MAXN]; int mn1[MAXN], mn2[MAXN]; vector<int> ans; int timer; void load() { scanf("%d%d", &N, &M); for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) adj[i].clear(); while (M--) { int u, v; scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); adj[u].push_back(v); } } void update(int x, int y) { if (disc[y] <= disc[mn1[x]]) { mn2[x] = mn1[x]; mn1[x] = y; } else if (disc[y] < disc[mn2[x]]) mn2[x] = y; } bool dfs(int x) { bio[x] = 1; disc[x] = timer++; for (auto it : adj[x]) if (bio[it] == 2) return false; else if (bio[it] == 1) update(x, it); else { if (!dfs(it)) return false; update(x, mn1[it]); update(x, mn2[it]); } bio[x] = 2; return true; } void go(int x) { ans.push_back(x); for (auto it : ch[x]) go(it); } bool check(int root) { timer = 0; disc[0] = MAXN; ans.clear(); for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) { ch[i].clear(); mn1[i] = mn2[i] = 0; bio[i] = 0; } if (!dfs(root)) return false; for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) { if (i == root) continue; assert(disc[mn1[i]] < disc[i]); if (disc[mn2[i]] >= disc[i]) ch[mn1[i]].push_back(i); } go(root); if (5 * ans.size() < N) { puts("-1"); return true; } sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); for (auto it : ans) printf("%d ", it); puts(""); return true; } void solve() { for (int i = 0; i < ITER; i++) if (check(uniform_int_distribution<int>(1, N)(rng))) return; puts("-1"); } int main() { int tc; scanf("%d", &tc); while (tc--) { load(); solve(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int M = 1000000007; const int MM = 998244353; const long double PI = acos(-1); template <typename T, typename U> static inline void amin(T &x, U y) { if (y < x) x = y; } template <typename T, typename U> static inline void amax(T &x, U y) { if (x < y) x = y; } template <typename T, typename U> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &p) { return os << '(' << p.first << "," << p.second << ')'; } mt19937 rng(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); const int N = 100005; vector<int> v[N]; pair<int, int> back[N]; int dep[N], in[N], cur, out[N], dp[N], par[N]; bool vis[N]; vector<int> t; void dfs(int s) { t.push_back(s); vis[s] = true; in[s] = cur++; dp[s] = 0; back[s] = {N, N}; for (auto j : v[s]) { if (!vis[j]) { dep[j] = dep[s] + 1; par[j] = s; dfs(j); dp[s] += dp[j]; amin(back[s], back[j]); } else { ++dp[s]; --dp[j]; amin(back[s], make_pair(dep[j], j)); } } out[s] = cur - 1; } int _runtimeTerror_() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<pair<int, int> > ed; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { v[i].clear(); back[i] = {N, N}; dep[i] = 0; } while (m--) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; v[x].push_back(y); ed.push_back({x, y}); } auto ancestor = [&](int x, int y) { return in[y] >= in[x] && in[y] <= out[x]; }; int cutoff = 1; while (cutoff * 5 < n) ++cutoff; vector<bool> checked(n + 1, false), interested(n + 1, true); vector<int> ans; for (int it = 0; it <= 35; ++it) { int u = rng() % n + 1; if (checked[u]) continue; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) dep[i] = 0, back[i] = {N, N}, in[i] = 0, vis[i] = false, dp[i] = 0, par[i] = 0; cur = 0; t.clear(); dfs(u); checked[u] = true; bool can = true; for (auto &j : ed) { if (j.first == par[j.second] || j.second == par[j.first]) continue; if (!ancestor(j.second, j.first)) { can = false; break; } } if (!can) continue; interested[u] = true; ans.push_back(u); for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { if (dp[t[i]] >= 2) { interested[t[i]] = false; } else { assert(dp[t[i]] == 1); interested[t[i]] = interested[back[t[i]].second]; } if (interested[t[i]]) ans.push_back(t[i]); } if ((long long)ans.size() < cutoff) ans.clear(); break; } if (ans.empty()) { cout << "-1\n"; return 0; } sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); for (auto j : ans) cout << j << " "; cout << "\n"; return 0; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); int TESTS = 1; cin >> TESTS; while (TESTS--) _runtimeTerror_(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> struct MI { private: char bb[1 << 14]; FILE *f; char *bs, *be; char e; bool o, l; public: MI() : f(stdin), bs(0), be(0) {} inline char get() { if (o) { o = 0; return e; } if (bs == be) be = (bs = bb) + fread(bb, 1, sizeof(bb), f); if (bs == be) { l = 1; return -1; }; return *bs++; } inline void unget(char c) { o = 1; e = c; } template <class T> inline T read() { T r; *this > r; return r; } template <class T> inline MI &operator>(T &); }; template <class T> struct Q { const static bool U = T(-1) >= T(0); inline void operator()(MI &t, T &r) const { r = 0; char c; bool y = 0; if (U) for (;;) { c = t.get(); if (c == -1) goto E; if (isdigit(c)) break; } else for (;;) { c = t.get(); if (c == -1) goto E; if (c == '-') { c = t.get(); if (isdigit(c)) { y = 1; break; }; } else if (isdigit(c)) break; ; }; for (;;) { if (c == -1) goto E; if (isdigit(c)) r = r * 10 + (c ^ 48); else break; c = t.get(); } t.unget(c); E:; if (y) r = -r; } }; template <> struct Q<char> {}; template <class T> inline MI &MI::operator>(T &t) { Q<T>()(*this, t); return *this; } template <class T> std::ostream &operator<(std::ostream &out, const T &t) { return out << t; } using std::cout; MI cin; const int $n = 100005; template <typename T> inline bool gmax(T &a, const T &b) { return a < b && (a = b, true); } int n, m, p[$n], dep[$n], vis[$n], cnt[$n], rea[$n], T; std::vector<int> outs[$n]; std::mt19937 rng(std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); bool check(int x) { static bool ex[$n]; vis[x] = T; ex[x] = 1; for (int v : outs[x]) if ((vis[v] == T) ? !ex[v] : !check(v)) { ex[x] = 0; return 0; } ex[x] = 0; return 1; } void dfs(int x) { vis[x] = T; rea[x] = x; cnt[x] = 0; for (int v : outs[x]) { if (vis[v] == T) { ++cnt[x]; --cnt[v]; if (dep[v] < dep[rea[x]]) rea[x] = v; } else { dep[v] = dep[x] + 1; dfs(v); cnt[x] += cnt[v]; if (dep[rea[v]] < dep[rea[x]]) rea[x] = rea[v]; } } } void load(int x) { gmax(cnt[x], cnt[rea[x]]); for (int v : outs[x]) if (dep[v] == dep[x] + 1) load(v); } inline void work() { cin > n > m; for (auto __r = (n), i = (1); i <= __r; ++i) outs[i].clear(); for (auto __r = (m), i = (1); i <= __r; ++i) { const auto x = (cin.read<int>()), y = (cin.read<int>()); outs[x].push_back(y); } std::iota(p + 1, p + n + 1, 1); std::shuffle(p + 1, p + n + 1, rng); int rt = 0; for (auto __r = (std::min(n, 100)), i = (1); i <= __r; ++i) if (++T, check(p[i])) { rt = p[i]; break; } if (!rt) return (void)(cout < "-1\n"); dep[rt] = 1; ++T; dfs(rt); load(rt); int c = 0; for (auto __r = (n), i = (1); i <= __r; ++i) c += cnt[i] <= 1; if (c * 5 < n) return (void)(cout < "-1\n"); for (auto __r = (n), i = (1); i <= __r; ++i) if (cnt[i] <= 1) cout < i < " \n"[!--c]; } int main() { for (auto __r = ((cin.read<int>())), i = (1); i <= __r; ++i) work(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> #pragma GCC optimize("O3") #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops") const long long INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f; const long long llinf = (1LL << 62); const int inf = (1 << 30); const int nmax = 1e5 + 50; const long long mod = 1e9 + 7; using namespace std; int n, m, viz[nmax], bd[nmax], x, y, i, j, t, bl, insert[nmax], out[nmax], tt, lvl[nmax], rs, ts, nd[nmax]; pair<int, int> vl[nmax]; vector<int> a[nmax], vec, rd; void dfs(int x, int p) { viz[x] = 1; lvl[x] = lvl[p] + 1; insert[x] = ++tt; for (int i = 0; i < (int)a[x].size(); i++) { int y = a[x][i]; if (viz[y]) continue; dfs(y, x); } out[x] = ++tt; } void asd(int x) { viz[x] = 1; vl[x] = make_pair(inf, inf); vector<int> vc; for (int i = 0; i < (int)a[x].size(); i++) { int y = a[x][i]; vc.push_back(lvl[y]); if (!viz[y]) { asd(y); vc.push_back(vl[y].first), vc.push_back(vl[y].second); } sort(vc.begin(), vc.end()); while ((int)vc.size() > 2) vc.pop_back(); } if ((int)vc.size() == 1) vl[x].first = vc[0]; else if ((int)vc.size() == 2) vl[x] = make_pair(vc[0], vc[1]); if (vl[x].first < lvl[x] && vl[x].second < lvl[x]) bd[x] = 1; } void sdf(int x) { viz[x] = 1; nd[lvl[x]] = x; if (vl[x].first != inf) bd[x] |= bd[nd[vl[x].first]]; for (int i = 0; i < (int)a[x].size(); i++) { int y = a[x][i]; if (viz[y]) continue; sdf(y); } } int main() { mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cerr.tie(0); cout.tie(0); cin >> ts; while (ts--) { cin >> n >> m; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) a[i].clear(); while (m--) { cin >> x >> y; a[x].push_back(y); } rd.clear(); for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) rd.push_back(i); shuffle(rd.begin(), rd.end(), rng); rs = 0, vec.clear(); for (i = 0; i < min(50, n); i++) { x = rd[i]; tt = 0; for (j = 1; j <= n; j++) { viz[j] = 0; lvl[j] = 0; } dfs(x, x); bl = 0; for (j = 1; j <= n; j++) { for (t = 0; t < (int)a[j].size(); t++) { y = a[j][t]; if (!(insert[y] <= insert[j] && out[j] <= out[y]) && !(insert[j] <= insert[y] && out[y] <= out[j])) { bl = 1; break; } if (insert[j] <= insert[y] && out[y] <= out[j] && lvl[y] != lvl[j] + 1) { bl = 1; break; } } if (bl) break; } if (bl) continue; for (j = 1; j <= n; j++) viz[j] = bd[j] = 0; asd(x); for (j = 1; j <= n; j++) viz[j] = 0; sdf(x); for (j = 1; j <= n; j++) if (!bd[j]) rs++, vec.push_back(j); break; } if (rs <= (n - 1) / 5) cout << -1 << '\n'; else { for (j = 0; j < rs; j++) cout << vec[j] << " "; cout << '\n'; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; using ll = long long; template <class t, class u> void chmax(t& first, u second) { if (first < second) first = second; } template <class t, class u> void chmin(t& first, u second) { if (second < first) first = second; } template <class t> using vc = vector<t>; template <class t> using vvc = vc<vc<t>>; using pi = pair<int, int>; using vi = vc<int>; template <class t, class u> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<t, u>& p) { return os << "{" << p.first << "," << p.second << "}"; } template <class t> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vc<t>& v) { os << "{"; for (auto e : v) os << e << ","; return os << "}"; } using uint = unsigned; using ull = unsigned long long; template <class t, size_t n> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const array<t, n>& first) { return os << vc<t>(first.begin(), first.end()); } template <int i, class T> void print_tuple(ostream&, const T&) {} template <int i, class T, class H, class... Args> void print_tuple(ostream& os, const T& t) { if (i) os << ","; os << get<i>(t); print_tuple<i + 1, T, Args...>(os, t); } template <class... Args> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const tuple<Args...>& t) { os << "{"; print_tuple<0, tuple<Args...>, Args...>(os, t); return os << "}"; } template <class t> void print(t x, int suc = 1) { cout << x; if (suc == 1) cout << "\n"; if (suc == 2) cout << " "; } ll read() { ll i; cin >> i; return i; } vi readvi(int n, int off = 0) { vi v(n); for (int i = int(0); i < int(n); i++) v[i] = read() + off; return v; } template <class T> void print(const vector<T>& v, int suc = 1) { for (int i = int(0); i < int(v.size()); i++) print(v[i], i == int(v.size()) - 1 ? suc : 2); } string readString() { string s; cin >> s; return s; } template <class T> T sq(const T& t) { return t * t; } void yes(bool ex = true) { cout << "Yes" << "\n"; if (ex) exit(0); } void no(bool ex = true) { cout << "No" << "\n"; if (ex) exit(0); } void possible(bool ex = true) { cout << "Possible" << "\n"; if (ex) exit(0); } void impossible(bool ex = true) { cout << "Impossible" << "\n"; if (ex) exit(0); } constexpr ll ten(int n) { return n == 0 ? 1 : ten(n - 1) * 10; } const ll infLL = LLONG_MAX / 3; const int inf = INT_MAX / 2 - 100; int topbit(signed t) { return t == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(t); } int topbit(ll t) { return t == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(t); } int botbit(signed first) { return first == 0 ? 32 : __builtin_ctz(first); } int botbit(ll first) { return first == 0 ? 64 : __builtin_ctzll(first); } int popcount(signed t) { return __builtin_popcount(t); } int popcount(ll t) { return __builtin_popcountll(t); } bool ispow2(int i) { return i && (i & -i) == i; } ll mask(int i) { return (ll(1) << i) - 1; } bool inc(int first, int second, int c) { return first <= second && second <= c; } template <class t> void mkuni(vc<t>& v) { sort(v.begin(), v.end()); v.erase(unique(v.begin(), v.end()), v.end()); } ll rand_int(ll l, ll r) { static mt19937_64 gen(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); return uniform_int_distribution<ll>(l, r)(gen); } template <class t> void myshuffle(vc<t>& first) { for (int i = int(0); i < int(int(first.size())); i++) swap(first[i], first[rand_int(0, i)]); } template <class t> int lwb(const vc<t>& v, const t& first) { return lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), first) - v.begin(); } const int nmax = 100010; vi g[nmax]; int sum[nmax], vis[nmax], up[nmax]; bool ok; void dfs(int v) { assert(vis[v] == -1); vis[v] = 0; for (auto to : g[v]) { if (vis[to] == -1) { dfs(to); sum[v] += sum[to]; up[v] += up[to]; } else if (vis[to] == 0) { sum[v]++; sum[to]--; up[v] += to; up[to] -= to; } else { ok = false; } if (!ok) return; } vis[v] = 1; } bool good[nmax]; void dfs2(int v) { assert(vis[v] == -1); vis[v] = 0; if (sum[v] >= 2) good[v] = 0; if (sum[v] == 1) good[v] &= good[up[v]]; for (auto to : g[v]) { if (vis[to] == -1) { dfs2(to); } else if (vis[to] == 0) { } else { assert(false); } } vis[v] = 1; } void slv() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; for (int i = int(0); i < int(n); i++) { g[i].clear(); } for (int i = int(0); i < int(m); i++) { int first, second; cin >> first >> second; first--; second--; g[first].push_back(second); } vi idx(n); iota(idx.begin(), idx.end(), 0); myshuffle(idx); for (int _ = int(0); _ < int(min(n, 100)); _++) { int r = idx[_]; for (int i = int(0); i < int(n); i++) { sum[i] = 0; vis[i] = -1; up[i] = 0; } ok = true; dfs(r); if (ok) { for (int i = int(0); i < int(n); i++) { vis[i] = -1; good[i] = 1; } dfs2(r); vi ans; for (int i = int(0); i < int(n); i++) if (good[i]) ans.push_back(i + 1); if (int(ans.size()) * 5 < n) { print(-1); } else { print(ans); } return; } } print(-1); } signed main() { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cout << fixed << setprecision(20); int t; cin >> t; for (int _ = int(0); _ < int(t); _++) slv(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> const int max_N = 102401; int n, m, dfn[max_N], Idfn[max_N], fa[max_N], dep[max_N]; std::vector<int> G[max_N], ans; bool ok, ins[max_N]; int read() { char c = getchar(); int ans = 0; bool flag = true; while (!isdigit(c)) flag &= (c != '-'), c = getchar(); while (isdigit(c)) ans = 10 * ans + c - '0', c = getchar(); return flag ? ans : -ans; } void Write(int x) { if (x < 0) putchar('-'), x = -x; if (x < 10) putchar(x + '0'); else Write(x / 10), putchar(x % 10 + '0'); } int min(int x, int y) { return x < y ? x : y; } int max(int x, int y) { return x > y ? x : y; } void _min(int &x, int y) { if (x > y) x = y; } void _max(int &x, int y) { if (x < y) x = y; } std::mt19937_64 rnd( std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); int Random(int l, int r) { return rnd() % (r - l + 1) + l; } void dfs1(int x) { Idfn[dfn[x] = ++*dfn] = x, ins[x] = true; for (auto i : G[x]) if (!dfn[i]) fa[i] = x, dep[i] = dep[x] + 1, dfs1(i); else if (dfn[i] && !ins[i]) ok = false; ins[x] = false; } bool check(int x) { ok = true; std::fill(dfn + 1, dfn + n + 1, 0); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) assert(!ins[i]); if (*dfn = 0, dep[x] = 0, dfs1(x), *dfn < n) return false; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) for (auto j : G[i]) if (dfn[i] < dfn[j] && fa[j] != i) return false; return ok; } void solve(int x) { static bool flag[max_N]; static int num[max_N], link[max_N]; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) flag[i] = false, num[i] = link[i] = 0; flag[x] = true, ans.push_back(x); for (int i = n; i > 1; i--) { for (auto j : G[Idfn[i]]) if (dfn[j] > i) { num[Idfn[i]] += num[j]; if (!link[Idfn[i]] || dep[link[Idfn[i]]] > dep[link[j]]) link[Idfn[i]] = link[j]; } for (auto j : G[Idfn[i]]) if (dfn[j] < i) { num[Idfn[i]]++, num[j]--; if (!link[Idfn[i]] || dep[link[Idfn[i]]] > dep[j]) link[Idfn[i]] = j; } } for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) if (num[Idfn[i]] == 1 && flag[link[Idfn[i]]]) flag[Idfn[i]] = true, ans.push_back(Idfn[i]); std::sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); } void clear() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) G[i].clear(), dfn[i] = Idfn[i] = dep[i] = fa[i] = 0; ans.clear(); } int main() { int q = read(); while (q--) { n = read(), m = read(); for (int i = 1, u, v; i <= m; i++) u = read(), v = read(), G[u].push_back(v); for (int _ = 1; _ <= 100; _++) { int x = Random(1, n); if (check(x)) { solve(x); break; } } if (ans.size() >= (n + 4) / 5) for (auto i : ans) Write(i), putchar(' '); else putchar('-'), putchar('1'); putchar('\n'); clear(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int T, n, m, i, j, k, l, rt, sum; int a[200001][2], ls[100001], len; int d[100001], Sum[100001], fa[100001], Fa[100001], dp[100001], tot; bool bz[100001], bzin[100001], bz2[200001], ans[100001], Bz; int Id[100001]; namespace G { int a[1000001][2], ls[100001], len; void clear() { len = 0; memset(ls, 0, (n + 1) * 4); } void New(int x, int y) { ++len; a[len][0] = y; a[len][1] = ls[x]; ls[x] = len; } void bfs(int st) { int i, j, k, l, h = 0, t = 1; static int d[100001]; d[1] = st; ans[st] = 1; while (h < t) { for (i = ls[d[++h]]; i; i = a[i][1]) if (!ans[a[i][0]]) { ans[a[i][0]] = 1; d[++t] = a[i][0]; } } } } // namespace G void New(int x, int y) { ++len; a[len][0] = y; a[len][1] = ls[x]; ls[x] = len; } void dfs(int t) { int i; bz[t] = 1; d[++tot] = t; bzin[t] = 1; for (i = ls[t]; i; i = a[i][1]) if (!bz[a[i][0]]) dfs(a[i][0]); else if (!bzin[a[i][0]]) Bz = 0; --tot; bzin[t] = 0; } void Dfs(int t) { int i; bz[t] = 1; for (i = ls[t]; i; i = a[i][1]) if (!bz[a[i][0]]) dp[a[i][0]] = dp[t] + 1, fa[a[i][0]] = t, bz2[i] = 1, Dfs(a[i][0]), Sum[t] += Sum[a[i][0]]; else ++Sum[t], --Sum[a[i][0]]; } void Dfs2(int t, int Ls) { int i; Fa[t] = Ls; for (i = ls[t]; i; i = a[i][1]) if (bz2[i]) Dfs2(a[i][0], Sum[t] == 1 ? t : Ls); } bool pd(int t) { int i; memset(bz, 0, n + 1); Bz = 1; dfs(t); return Bz; } int main() { srand(time(NULL)); scanf("%d", &T); for (; T; --T) { scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); len = 0; memset(ls, 0, (n + 1) * 4); memset(ans, 0, n + 1); memset(bz2, 0, m + 1); memset(Sum, 0, (n + 1) * 4); for (i = 1; i <= m; i++) scanf("%d%d", &j, &k), New(j, k); for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) Id[i] = i; random_shuffle(Id + 1, Id + n + 1); l = (100 < n ? 100 : n); for (i = 1; i <= l; i++) if (pd(Id[i])) break; if (i > l) printf("-1\n"); else { rt = Id[i]; sum = 0; fa[rt] = Fa[rt] = 0; dp[rt] = 1; memset(bz, 0, n + 1); Dfs(rt); Dfs2(rt, 0); G::clear(); for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { for (l = ls[i]; l; l = a[l][1]) if (dp[a[l][0]] < dp[i]) { j = i; while (dp[j] > dp[a[l][0]]) { if (Sum[j] == 1) G::New(a[l][0], j); j = Fa[j]; } } } G::bfs(rt); for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) sum += ans[i]; if (sum < (double)n / 5) printf("-1\n"); else { for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (ans[i]) printf("%d ", i); printf("\n"); } } } fclose(stdin); fclose(stdout); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int M = 1000000007; const int MM = 998244353; const long double PI = acos(-1); template <typename T, typename U> static inline void amin(T &x, U y) { if (y < x) x = y; } template <typename T, typename U> static inline void amax(T &x, U y) { if (x < y) x = y; } template <typename T, typename U> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &p) { return os << '(' << p.first << "," << p.second << ')'; } mt19937 rng(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); const int N = 100005; vector<int> v[N]; pair<int, int> back[N]; int dep[N], in[N], cur, out[N], dp[N], par[N]; bool vis[N]; vector<int> t; void dfs(int s) { t.push_back(s); vis[s] = true; in[s] = cur++; dp[s] = 0; back[s] = {N, N}; for (auto j : v[s]) { if (!vis[j]) { dep[j] = dep[s] + 1; par[j] = s; dfs(j); dp[s] += dp[j]; amin(back[s], back[j]); } else { ++dp[s]; --dp[j]; amin(back[s], make_pair(dep[j], j)); } } out[s] = cur - 1; } int _runtimeTerror_() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<pair<int, int> > ed; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { v[i].clear(); back[i] = {N, N}; dep[i] = 0; } while (m--) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; v[x].push_back(y); ed.push_back({x, y}); } auto ancestor = [&](int x, int y) { return in[y] >= in[x] && in[y] <= out[x]; }; int cutoff = 1; while (cutoff * 5 < n) ++cutoff; vector<bool> checked(n + 1, false), interested(n + 1, true); vector<int> ans; for (int it = 0; it <= 50; ++it) { int u = rng() % n + 1; if (checked[u]) continue; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) dep[i] = 0, back[i] = {N, N}, in[i] = 0, vis[i] = false, dp[i] = 0, par[i] = 0; cur = 0; t.clear(); dfs(u); checked[u] = true; bool can = true; for (auto &j : ed) { if (j.first == par[j.second] || j.second == par[j.first]) continue; if (!ancestor(j.second, j.first)) { can = false; break; } } if (!can) continue; interested[u] = true; ans.push_back(u); for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { if (dp[t[i]] >= 2) { interested[t[i]] = false; } else { assert(dp[t[i]] == 1); interested[t[i]] = interested[back[t[i]].second]; } if (interested[t[i]]) ans.push_back(t[i]); } if ((long long)ans.size() < cutoff) ans.clear(); break; } if (ans.empty()) { cout << "-1\n"; return 0; } sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); for (auto j : ans) cout << j << " "; cout << "\n"; return 0; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); int TESTS = 1; cin >> TESTS; while (TESTS--) _runtimeTerror_(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int sz = 1e5 + 10; vector<int> sv[sz]; int us[sz], h[sz], mi[sz][2]; bool dfs(int v) { us[v] = 1; mi[v][0] = v, mi[v][1] = v; for (int a = 0; a < sv[v].size(); a++) { int ne = sv[v][a]; if (us[ne] == 2) return false; if (us[ne] == 1) { if (h[ne] < h[mi[v][0]]) mi[v][1] = mi[v][0], mi[v][0] = ne; else if (h[ne] < h[mi[v][1]]) mi[v][1] = ne; } if (us[ne] == 0) { h[ne] = h[v] + 1; if (!dfs(ne)) return false; for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { int u = mi[ne][i]; if (h[u] < h[mi[v][0]]) mi[v][1] = mi[v][0], mi[v][0] = u; else if (h[u] < h[mi[v][1]]) mi[v][1] = u; } } } us[v] = 2; return true; } bool ok[sz]; vector<int> an; void dfs2(int v) { us[v] = 1; if (mi[v][0] != v and mi[v][1] == v and ok[mi[v][0]]) { ok[v] = 1; an.push_back(v + 1); } for (int a = 0; a < sv[v].size(); a++) { int ne = sv[v][a]; if (!us[ne]) dfs2(ne); } } mt19937 rnd(time(0)); int main() { int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; for (int a = 0; a < m; a++) { int u, v; scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); u--, v--; sv[u].push_back(v); } for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) { int rt = rnd() % n; for (int a = 0; a < n; a++) us[a] = 0; h[rt] = 0; if (dfs(rt)) { for (int a = 0; a < n; a++) ok[a] = 0, us[a] = 0; ok[rt] = 1, an.push_back(rt + 1); dfs2(rt); break; } } if (an.size() == 0 or an.size() * 5 < n) printf("-1\n"); else { sort(an.begin(), an.end()); for (int a = 0; a < an.size(); a++) printf("%d ", an[a]); printf("\n"); } an.clear(); for (int a = 0; a < n; a++) sv[a].clear(); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 100005; int T, n, m, f[N], p[N], fa[N], dep[N]; bool fail, o[N], g[N], vis[N]; vector<int> e[N]; void update(int &a, int &b, int x) { if (dep[x] < dep[a]) b = a, a = x; else if (dep[x] < dep[b]) b = x; } pair<int, int> dfs(int u) { vis[u] = 1, o[u] = 1; int m1 = 0, m2 = 0; for (int v : e[u]) if (!vis[v]) { dep[v] = dep[u] + 1, fa[v] = u; auto x = dfs(v); update(m1, m2, x.first), update(m1, m2, x.second); } else if (o[v]) update(m1, m2, v); else fail = 1; if (m2 == u) m2 = 0; if (m1 == u) m1 = 0; if (m1 && !m2) f[u] = m1; o[u] = 0; return make_pair(m1, m2); } void dfs2(int u) { g[u] |= g[f[u]]; for (int v : e[u]) if (fa[v] == u) dfs2(v); } bool check(int x) { dep[0] = 1e9; fa[x] = dep[x] = fail = 0, memset(f + 1, 0, n << 2), memset(vis + 1, 0, n), dfs(x); if (fail) return 0; memset(g + 1, 0, n), g[x] = 1, dfs2(x); int ans = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) ans += g[i]; if (ans * 5 < n) puts("-1"); else for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (g[i]) printf("%d%c", i, " \n"[!--ans]); return 1; } int main() { mt19937 rng(chrono::system_clock().now().time_since_epoch().count()); scanf("%d", &T); while (T--) { scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); for (int i = 1, x, y; i <= m; ++i) scanf("%d%d", &x, &y), e[x].push_back(y); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) p[i] = i; shuffle(p + 1, p + n + 1, rng); for (int i = 1; i <= 100 && i <= n; ++i) if (check(p[i])) break; if (fail) puts("-1"); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) e[i].clear(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; template <typename T> inline void read(T &n) { T w = 1; n = 0; char ch = getchar(); while (!isdigit(ch) && ch != EOF) { if (ch == '-') w = -1; ch = getchar(); } while (isdigit(ch) && ch != EOF) { n = (n << 3) + (n << 1) + (ch & 15); ch = getchar(); } n *= w; } template <typename T> inline void write(T x) { T l = 0; unsigned long long y = 0; if (!x) { putchar(48); return; } if (x < 0) { x = -x; putchar('-'); } while (x) { y = y * 10 + x % 10; x /= 10; ++l; } while (l) { putchar(y % 10 + 48); y /= 10; --l; } } template <typename T> inline void writes(T x) { write(x); putchar(' '); } template <typename T> inline void writeln(T x) { write(x); puts(""); } template <typename T> inline void checkmax(T &a, T b) { a = a > b ? a : b; } template <typename T> inline void checkmin(T &a, T b) { a = a < b ? a : b; } const int N = 1e5 + 10, M = 2e5 + 10; int n, m, cnt, head[N], nxt[M << 1], to[M << 1], vis[N], in[N], dep[N], depth[N], depto[N], sum[N], ok[N]; inline int rd() { return int((long long)(rand() % 100000) * (rand() % 100000) % 998244353); } inline void addedge(int x, int y) { nxt[++cnt] = head[x]; to[cnt] = y; head[x] = cnt; } inline bool check(int x) { vis[x] = in[x] = 1; bool f = 1; for (int i = head[x]; i; i = nxt[i]) { if (vis[to[i]] && !in[to[i]]) return 0; if (vis[to[i]]) continue; f &= check(to[i]); } in[x] = 0; return f; } inline void dfs(int x) { vis[x] = 1; for (int i = head[x]; i; i = nxt[i]) { if (vis[to[i]]) { if (depth[to[i]] < dep[x]) { dep[x] = depth[to[i]]; depto[x] = to[i]; } sum[x]++; sum[to[i]]--; continue; } depth[to[i]] = depth[x] + 1; dfs(to[i]); sum[x] += sum[to[i]]; if (dep[x] > dep[to[i]]) { dep[x] = dep[to[i]]; depto[x] = depto[to[i]]; } } } inline void dfs2(int x) { vis[x] = 1; if (sum[x] >= 2 || (sum[x] == 1 && ok[depto[x]])) ok[x] = 1; for (int i = head[x]; i; i = nxt[i]) { if (vis[to[i]]) continue; dfs2(to[i]); } } inline void doit(int rt) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { vis[i] = sum[i] = ok[i] = 0; dep[i] = n * 2 + 1; } depth[rt] = 0; dfs(rt); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = 0; dfs2(rt); int ans = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (!ok[i]) ++ans; if (ans * 5 < n) { puts("-1"); return; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (!ok[i]) writes(i); puts(""); } inline void solve() { read(n); read(m); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) head[i] = vis[i] = in[i] = 0; cnt = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) { int x, y; read(x); read(y); addedge(x, y); } for (int i = 1; i <= 50; ++i) { int num = rd() % n + 1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = in[i] = 0; if (check(num)) { doit(num); return; } } puts("-1"); } int main() { srand(time(0) + 1432433); int t; read(t); while (t--) solve(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long t, n, m, u, v, q, k, p; const int N = 1e6 + 1e5 + 500; const long long mod = 1e9 + 7; const long long INF = 1LL << 57; long long arr[N]; vector<int> adj[N], ancestors[N]; bool anc[N], vis[N], isValid, isInteresting[N]; int degree[N]; bool cmp(int a, int b) { return degree[a] < degree[b]; } void dfs(int node) { vis[node] = true; anc[node] = true; for (int u : adj[node]) { if (vis[u]) { if (anc[u]) continue; else isValid = false; } else { dfs(u); } } anc[node] = false; } void dfs(int node, int deg) { vis[node] = true; anc[node] = true; degree[node] = deg; for (int u : adj[node]) { if (vis[u]) { ancestors[node].push_back(u); } else { dfs(u, deg + 1); for (int v : ancestors[u]) { if (v != node) ancestors[node].push_back(v); } } } sort(ancestors[node].begin(), ancestors[node].end(), cmp); while (ancestors[node].size() > 2) ancestors[node].pop_back(); } inline int getInt(int a = INT_MIN, int b = INT_MAX) { static mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); return uniform_int_distribution<int>(a, b)(rng); } void solve(int node) { vis[node] = true; if (ancestors[node].size() == 0) ; else if (ancestors[node].size() >= 2) isInteresting[node] = false; else { isInteresting[node] = isInteresting[ancestors[node][0]]; } for (int u : adj[node]) { if (vis[u]) continue; else solve(u); } } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cin >> t; while (t--) { cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { adj[i].clear(); ancestors[i].clear(); degree[i] = 0; isInteresting[i] = false; } for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) { cin >> u >> v; adj[u].push_back(v); } bool hasInteresting = false; int interestingNode = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= 100; ++i) { int node = getInt(1, n); for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) vis[j] = false; isValid = true; dfs(node); for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) if (vis[j] == false) isValid = false; if (isValid) { hasInteresting = true; interestingNode = node; break; } } if (!hasInteresting) { cout << -1 << '\n'; continue; } isInteresting[interestingNode] = true; for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) vis[j] = false; dfs(interestingNode, 0); for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) vis[j] = false; solve(interestingNode); vector<int> interesting; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (isInteresting[i]) interesting.push_back(i); if (interesting.size() >= ceil(0.2 * n)) { sort(interesting.begin(), interesting.end()); for (int u : interesting) cout << u << " "; cout << '\n'; } else cout << -1 << '\n'; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MX = 100005; mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); int n, m, x[MX], y[MX], lvl[MX], q[MX], vis[MX], res[MX], anc[MX], cn; vector<int> adj[MX]; void clear() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) adj[i].clear(); iota(q, q + n, 1); shuffle(q, q + n, rng); } void add(int u, int k) { if (x[u] > k) { y[u] = x[u]; x[u] = k; } else if (y[u] > k) { y[u] = k; } } bool dfs(int u) { cn++; vis[u] = 1; x[u] = y[u] = MX; for (int v : adj[u]) { if (vis[v] == 2) return 0; if (vis[v]) { add(u, lvl[v]); continue; } lvl[v] = lvl[u] + 1; if (!dfs(v)) return 0; add(u, x[v]); add(u, y[v]); } if (x[u] == lvl[u]) x[u] = MX; if (y[u] == lvl[u]) y[u] = MX; if (y[u] < MX) res[u] = 0; vis[u] = 2; return 1; } void dfs2(int u) { vis[u] = 1; anc[lvl[u]] = u; if (res[u] == -1 && lvl[u]) { if (x[u] < MX) res[u] = res[anc[x[u]]]; else res[u] = 0; } for (int v : adj[u]) if (!vis[v]) dfs2(v); } void solve() { cin >> n >> m; clear(); while (m--) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; adj[u].push_back(v); } for (int i = 0; i < min(n, 80); i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) vis[j + 1] = 0, res[j + 1] = -1; lvl[q[i]] = 0; cn = 0; if (!dfs(q[i]) || cn < n) continue; res[q[i]] = 1; for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) vis[j + 1] = 0; dfs2(q[i]); vector<int> r; for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) if (res[j] == 1) r.push_back(j); if (5 * r.size() < n) cout << -1 << '\n'; else { for (int x : r) cout << x << " "; cout << '\n'; } return; } cout << -1 << '\n'; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); int t; cin >> t; while (t--) solve(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; mt19937 rng( (unsigned int)chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); const int MAGIC = 239; const int N = 100010; vector<int> g[N]; bool in_st[N]; bool was[N]; bool dfs(int v) { was[v] = true; in_st[v] = true; for (int u : g[v]) { if (was[u]) { if (!in_st[u]) { in_st[v] = false; return false; } } else { if (!dfs(u)) { in_st[v] = false; return false; } } } in_st[v] = false; return true; } vector<int> vis; int depth[N]; int md[N]; int md2[N]; int mver[N]; int mver2[N]; void Update(int v, int x, int y) { if (x < md[v]) { md2[v] = md[v]; mver2[v] = mver[v]; md[v] = x; mver[v] = y; } else { if (x < md2[v]) { md2[v] = x; mver2[v] = y; } } } void solve(int v) { vis.push_back(v); was[v] = true; md[v] = md2[v] = depth[v]; mver[v] = mver2[v] = v; for (int u : g[v]) { if (was[u]) { assert(depth[u] < depth[v]); Update(v, depth[u], u); } else { depth[u] = depth[v] + 1; solve(u); Update(v, md[u], mver[u]); Update(v, md2[u], mver2[u]); } } } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); int tt; cin >> tt; while (tt--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { g[i].clear(); } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; --x; --y; g[x].push_back(y); } vector<int> order(n); iota(order.begin(), order.end(), 0); shuffle(order.begin(), order.end(), rng); int root = -1; for (int iter = 0; iter < min(n, MAGIC); iter++) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { was[i] = in_st[i] = false; } if (dfs(order[iter])) { root = order[iter]; break; } } if (root == -1) { cout << -1 << '\n'; continue; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { was[i] = false; } vis.clear(); depth[root] = 0; solve(root); vector<bool> is_good(n); for (int i : vis) { if (i == root) { is_good[i] = true; } else { if (md[i] < depth[i] && md2[i] >= depth[i]) { is_good[i] = is_good[mver[i]]; } else { is_good[i] = false; } } } vector<int> res; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (is_good[i]) { res.push_back(i); } } if ((int)res.size() * 5 < n) { cout << -1 << '\n'; continue; } for (int i = 0; i < (int)res.size(); i++) { if (i > 0) { cout << " "; } cout << res[i] + 1; } cout << '\n'; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAXN = 2e5 + 5; int n, m; int vis[MAXN], parent[MAXN], cnt[MAXN], rest[MAXN]; int level[MAXN]; bool is_inter[MAXN]; vector<vector<int>> adj; mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); bool is_interesting(int u) { vis[u] = 1; for (auto v : adj[u]) { if (vis[v] == 2) { return false; } else if (vis[v] == 1) continue; else if (!is_interesting(v)) return false; } vis[u] = 2; return true; } int find_root() { uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0, n - 1); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { int u = dis(rng); fill(vis, vis + n, 0); if (is_interesting(u)) return u; } return -1; } pair<int, int> dfs(int u) { vis[u] = 1; cnt[u] = 0; parent[u] = u; for (auto v : adj[u]) { if (vis[v] == 1) { cnt[u]++; rest[v]++; if (level[v] < level[parent[u]]) parent[u] = v; } else { level[v] = level[u] + 1; int _cnt, p; tie(_cnt, p) = dfs(v); cnt[u] += _cnt; if (level[p] < level[parent[u]]) { parent[u] = p; } } } cnt[u] -= rest[u]; return {cnt[u], parent[u]}; } int get_ans(int u) { vis[u] = 1; int ans = 0; if (cnt[u] == 0) { ans++; is_inter[u] = true; } if (cnt[u] == 1) { if (is_inter[parent[u]]) { ans++; is_inter[u] = true; } } int p = -1; for (auto v : adj[u]) { if (vis[v]) p = v; else ans += get_ans(v); } return ans; } int main() { ; ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); ; int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { cin >> n >> m; adj.clear(); adj.resize(n); fill(is_inter, is_inter + n, false); fill(cnt, cnt + n, 0); fill(rest, rest + n, 0); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--; v--; adj[u].push_back(v); } int root = find_root(); if (root == -1) { cout << "-1\n"; continue; } fill(vis, vis + n, 0); level[root] = 0; dfs(root); fill(vis, vis + n, 0); int cnt = get_ans(root); if (5 * cnt < n) cout << "-1\n"; else { for (int u = 0; u < n; u++) if (is_inter[u]) cout << u + 1 << ' '; cout << '\n'; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> namespace IO { char gc() { return getchar(); } template <typename Tp> bool get1(Tp &x) { bool neg = 0; char c = gc(); while (c != EOF && (c < '0' || c > '9') && c != '-') c = gc(); if (c == '-') c = gc(), neg = 1; if (c == EOF) return false; x = 0; for (; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = gc()) x = x * 10 + c - '0'; if (neg) x = -x; return true; } template <typename Tp> void printendl(Tp x) { if (x < 0) putchar('-'), x = -x; static short a[40], sz; sz = 0; while (x > 0) a[sz++] = x % 10, x /= 10; if (sz == 0) putchar('0'); for (int i = sz - 1; i >= 0; i--) putchar('0' + a[i]); puts(""); } } // namespace IO using IO::get1; using IO::printendl; const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f; const long long Linf = 1ll << 61; const int maxn = 100111; const int magic = 150; std::mt19937 rng; std::vector<int> g[maxn]; int n, m; bool inst[maxn], use[maxn]; bool dfs(int x) { inst[x] = use[x] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < (int)g[x].size(); i++) { if (!use[g[x][i]]) { if (!dfs(g[x][i])) return false; } else if (!inst[g[x][i]]) return false; } inst[x] = 0; return true; } bool check(int x) { memset(use, 0, sizeof(bool) * (n + 1)); memset(inst, 0, sizeof(bool) * (n + 1)); return dfs(x); } int dfn[maxn], low1[maxn], low2[maxn], seq[maxn], timer; void update(int x, int v) { if (low1[x] > v) { low2[x] = low1[x]; low1[x] = v; } else if (low2[x] > v) low2[x] = v; } bool good[maxn]; void dfs2(int x) { dfn[x] = low1[x] = low2[x] = ++timer; seq[timer] = x; for (int i = 0; i < (int)g[x].size(); i++) { if (!dfn[g[x][i]]) { dfs2(g[x][i]); update(x, low1[g[x][i]]); update(x, low2[g[x][i]]); } else update(x, dfn[g[x][i]]); } } void solve() { static int ord[maxn]; get1(n) && get1(m); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) g[i].clear(); for (int i = 1, u, v; i <= m; i++) { get1(u) && get1(v); g[u].push_back(v); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) ord[i] = i; std::shuffle(ord + 1, ord + n + 1, rng); int piv = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n && i <= magic; i++) { if (check(ord[i])) { piv = ord[i]; break; } } if (piv == 0) { puts("-1"); return; } memset(dfn, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); timer = 0; dfs2(piv); for (int t = 1; t <= n; t++) { int x = seq[t]; if (x == piv) good[x] = 1; else if (low2[x] < dfn[x]) good[x] = 0; else good[x] = good[seq[low1[x]]]; } int cnt = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) cnt += good[i]; if (cnt * 5 < n) puts("-1"); else { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (good[i]) printf("%d ", i); puts(""); } } int main() { rng = std::mt19937( std::chrono::steady_clock().now().time_since_epoch().count()); int tc; get1(tc); while (tc--) solve(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; struct edge { int nxt, to, flag; } e[200001]; int root, t, n, m, tot, h[100001], cnt, id[100001], s[100001], p[100001]; bool tag[100001]; vector<int> g[100001]; inline int read() { int x = 0; char c = getchar(); while (c < '0' || c > '9') c = getchar(); while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { x = (x << 1) + (x << 3) + (c ^ 48); c = getchar(); } return x; } inline void add(int x, int y) { e[++tot].nxt = h[x]; h[x] = tot; e[tot].to = y; } void dfs1(int k) { id[k] = ++cnt; s[k] = 1; for (register int i = h[k]; i; i = e[i].nxt) if (!id[e[i].to]) { e[i].flag = 1; dfs1(e[i].to); s[k] += s[e[i].to]; } } bool dfs2(int k) { for (register int i = h[k]; i; i = e[i].nxt) if (e[i].flag) { if (!dfs2(e[i].to)) return 0; } else if (!(id[k] >= id[e[i].to] && id[k] <= id[e[i].to] + s[e[i].to] - 1)) return 0; return 1; } void dfs3(int k) { for (register int i = h[k]; i; i = e[i].nxt) if (e[i].flag) { dfs3(e[i].to); for (register int j = 0; j < (int)(g[e[i].to].size()); ++j) if (g[e[i].to][j] ^ k) g[k].push_back(g[e[i].to][j]); } else g[k].push_back(e[i].to); tag[k] = g[k].size() < 2u; } void dfs4(int k) { for (register int i = 0; i < (int)g[k].size(); ++i) tag[k] &= tag[g[k][i]]; for (register int i = h[k]; i; i = e[i].nxt) if (e[i].flag) dfs4(e[i].to); } int main() { srand(time(NULL)); t = read(); while (t--) { memset(e, 0, sizeof e); memset(h, 0, sizeof h); tot = 0; memset(tag, 0, sizeof tag); n = read(), m = read(); for (register int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) { int x = read(), y = read(); add(x, y); } bool flag = 0; for (register int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) p[i] = i; random_shuffle(p + 1, p + n + 1); for (register int i = 1; i <= min(n, 100); ++i) { cnt = 0; memset(id, 0, sizeof id); memset(s, 0, sizeof s); for (register int j = 1; j <= tot; ++j) e[j].flag = 0; root = p[i]; dfs1(root); if (dfs2(root)) { dfs3(root); dfs4(root); cnt = 0; for (register int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) cnt += tag[j]; if (cnt * 5 >= n) { for (register int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) if (tag[j]) printf("%d ", j); puts(""); } else puts("-1"); flag = 1; for (register int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) g[j].clear(); break; } } if (!flag) puts("-1"); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int maxn = 100005; const int maxm = 200005; const int maxlog = 20; const long long P = 1000000007ll; const int inf = 2147483647; const double eps = 1e-6; const long long INF = 9223372036854775807ll; int n, m, ee = 1, h[maxn], inst[maxn], vis[maxn], cho[maxn], hav[maxn], cnt[maxn], mark[maxn], ok[maxn], mark2[maxn], tar[maxn]; struct Edge { int v, next; } e[maxm]; void addedge(int u, int v) { e[ee] = Edge{v, h[u]}; h[u] = ee++; } int check(int u) { inst[u] = vis[u] = 1; int sz = 1; for (register int i = h[u]; i; i = e[i].next) { if (vis[e[i].v] && !inst[e[i].v]) return -1; if (vis[e[i].v]) continue; int szz = check(e[i].v); if (szz != -1) sz += szz; else return -1; } inst[u] = 0; return sz; } void dfs1(int u) { vis[u] = 1; for (register int i = h[u]; i; i = e[i].next) { if (vis[e[i].v]) { mark[e[i].v]--; mark[u]++; mark2[e[i].v] -= e[i].v; mark2[u] += e[i].v; continue; } dfs1(e[i].v); } } pair<int, int> dfs2(int u) { vis[u] = 1; cnt[u] = mark[u]; tar[u] = mark2[u]; for (register int i = h[u]; i; i = e[i].next) { if (vis[e[i].v]) continue; pair<int, int> x = dfs2(e[i].v); cnt[u] += x.first, tar[u] += x.second; } return make_pair(cnt[u], tar[u]); } int dfs3(int u) { vis[u] = 1; if (cnt[u] == 1 && ok[tar[u]]) ok[u] = 1; int sz = 0; for (register int i = h[u]; i; i = e[i].next) { if (vis[e[i].v]) continue; sz += dfs3(e[i].v); } sz += ok[u]; return sz; } int main() { int t; scanf("%d", &t); while (t--) { scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); memset(cho, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); memset(cnt, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); memset(mark, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); memset(mark2, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); memset(cnt, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); memset(tar, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); memset(ok, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); memset(hav, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); memset(h, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); ee = 1; for (register int i = 0; i < (m); ++i) { int u, v; scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); addedge(u, v); } for (register int i = 0; i < (min(100, n)); ++i) { int op = rand() % 2, u; if (n >= 60000) { if (op) u = rand() % (n / 2) + 1; else u = rand() % (n - n / 2) + n / 2 + 1; } else u = rand() % n + 1; while (hav[u]) { u++; if (u > n) u = 1; } cho[i] = u; hav[u] = 1; } int r = 0; for (register int i = 0; i < (min(100, n)); ++i) { memset(vis, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); if (check(cho[i]) == n) { r = cho[i]; break; } } if (!r) printf("-1\n"); else { ok[0] = 1; memset(vis, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); dfs1(r); memset(vis, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); dfs2(r); memset(vis, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 2)); cnt[r] = 1; int ans = dfs3(r); if (5 * ans < n) printf("-1\n"); else { for (register int i = 1; i < (n + 1); ++i) { if (ok[i]) printf("%d ", i); } printf("\n"); } } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; namespace cxcyl { int n, m, dep[100005]; bool vis[100005], in[100005], ab[100005]; vector<int> G[100005], ans, up[100005]; inline int read() { int x = 0, f = 1; char c = getchar(); while (c > -1 && c < '0' || c > '9') { if (c == '-') f = -1; c = getchar(); } if (c == -1) return 0; while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x * 10 + c - 48, c = getchar(); return x * f; } inline unsigned long long Genrand() { static unsigned long long x = 20040205; x ^= x >> 12; x ^= x << 25; x ^= x >> 27; return x; } bool check(int u) { in[u] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); ++i) { int v = G[u][i]; if (dep[v]) { if (!in[v]) return 0; continue; } dep[v] = dep[u] + 1; if (!check(v)) return 0; } in[u] = 0; return 1; } void dfs(int u) { for (int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); ++i) { int v = G[u][i]; if (dep[v] == dep[u] + 1) { dfs(v); for (int j = 0; j < up[v].size(); ++j) if (up[v][j] != u) up[u].push_back(up[v][j]); } else up[u].push_back(v); } ab[u] = up[u].size() <= 1; } void find(int u) { for (int i = 0; i < up[u].size(); ++i) ab[u] &= ab[up[u][i]]; if (ab[u]) ans.push_back(u); for (int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); ++i) { int v = G[u][i]; if (dep[v] == dep[u] + 1) find(v); } } inline int main() { int T = read(); while (T--) { n = read(), m = read(); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) G[i].clear(); for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) { int u = read(), v = read(); G[u].push_back(v); } for (int ct = 1; ct <= 100; ++ct) { int x = Genrand() % n + 1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { dep[i] = 0; in[i] = 0; } dep[x] = 1; ans.clear(); if (check(x)) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) up[i].clear(); dfs(x); find(x); sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); if (5 * ans.size() >= n) { for (int i = 0; i < ans.size(); ++i) printf("%d ", ans[i]); puts(""); break; } else { puts("-1"); break; } } } if (ans.empty()) puts("-1"); } return 0; } } // namespace cxcyl int main() { return cxcyl::main(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1e5 + 7; int n, m; bool bad[N]; vector<int> G[N]; int vis[N]; bool interesting; int lvl[N]; int best[N]; int balance[N]; void clear() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { lvl[i] = 0; best[i] = 0; balance[i] = 0; G[i].clear(); bad[i] = false; } } void no_answer() { puts("-1"); clear(); } int getInt(int a = INT_MIN, int b = INT_MAX) { static mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); return uniform_int_distribution<int>(a, b)(rng); } void dfs(int u) { vis[u] = 1; for (auto v : G[u]) if (vis[v] == 0) dfs(v); else if (vis[v] == 2) interesting = false; vis[u] = 2; } bool check(int r) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = 0; interesting = true; dfs(r); return interesting; } int find_any() { int tests = 100; while (tests--) { int r = getInt(1, n); if (check(r)) return r; } return -1; } int find_bad(int u) { vis[u] = 1; best[u] = u; for (auto v : G[u]) if (vis[v] == 0) { lvl[v] = lvl[u] + 1; balance[u] += find_bad(v); if (lvl[best[v]] < lvl[best[u]]) best[u] = best[v]; } else { balance[u]++; balance[v]--; if (lvl[v] < lvl[best[u]]) best[u] = v; } if (balance[u] > 1) bad[u] = true; return balance[u]; } void propagate_bad(int u) { vis[u] = 1; if (!bad[u] && bad[best[u]]) bad[u] = true; for (auto v : G[u]) if (vis[v] == 0) propagate_bad(v); } vector<int> find_all(int r) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = 0; vector<int> ans; find_bad(r); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = 0; propagate_bad(r); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (!bad[i]) ans.push_back(i); return ans; } void solve() { scanf("%d %d", &n, &m); for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) { int u, v; scanf("%d %d", &u, &v); G[u].push_back(v); } int id = find_any(); if (id == -1) { no_answer(); return; } auto ans = find_all(id); if (5 * ans.size() >= n) { for (auto v : ans) printf("%d ", v); puts(""); clear(); } else no_answer(); } int main() { int cases; scanf("%d", &cases); while (cases--) solve(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 100010; vector<int> G[N]; int vis[N], n; bool flag; void dfs(int x) { vis[x] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < G[x].size(); ++i) { int y = G[x][i]; if (!vis[y]) dfs(y); else if (vis[y] == 2) flag = 0; } vis[x] = 2; } bool check(int x) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = 0; flag = 1; dfs(x); return flag; } bool h[N]; int d[N], f[N], g[N]; int find(int x) { vis[x] = 1; g[x] = x; for (int i = 0; i < G[x].size(); ++i) { int y = G[x][i]; if (!vis[y]) { d[y] = d[x] + 1; f[x] += find(y); if (d[g[y]] < d[g[x]]) g[x] = g[y]; } else { f[x]++; f[y]--; if (d[y] < d[g[x]]) g[x] = y; } } if (f[x] > 1) h[x] = 1; return f[x]; } void work(int x) { vis[x] = 1; if (!h[x] && h[g[x]]) h[x] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < G[x].size(); ++i) { int y = G[x][i]; if (!vis[y]) work(y); } } int myrand() { return rand() % 10000 * 10000 + rand() % 10000; } int read() { int x = 0, f = 1; char ch = getchar(); while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') { if (ch == '-') f = -f; ch = getchar(); } while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') { x = x * 10 + ch - 48; ch = getchar(); } return x * f; } signed main() { srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); int T = read(); while (T-- > 0) { n = read(); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) G[i].clear(); int m = read(); for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) { int x = read(), y = read(); G[x].push_back(y); } int rt = -1; for (int tm = 1; tm <= 100; ++tm) { int r = myrand() % n + 1; if (check(r)) { rt = r; break; } } if (rt == -1) { puts("-1"); continue; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { h[i] = vis[i] = g[i] = d[i] = f[i] = 0; } find(rt); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = 0; work(rt); vector<int> ans; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { if (!h[i]) ans.push_back(i); } if (5 * (int)ans.size() >= n) { for (int i = 0; i < ans.size(); ++i) printf("%d ", ans[i]); putchar('\n'); } else puts("-1"); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int read() { int x = 0; bool flg = false; char ch = getchar(); for (; !isdigit(ch); ch = getchar()) if (ch == '-') flg = true; for (; isdigit(ch); ch = getchar()) x = (x << 3) + (x << 1) + (ch ^ 48); return flg ? -x : x; } unsigned getrand() { static unsigned sd = time(0); return sd ^= sd >> 13, sd ^= sd << 28, sd ^= sd >> 24, sd ^= sd << 7; } const int INF = 1e9; int n, m; vector<int> e[100010]; bool inq[100010], vis[100010]; bool dfs0(int x) { inq[x] = vis[x] = 1; for (const int &y : e[x]) { if (vis[y] && !inq[y]) return 0; if (!vis[y] && !dfs0(y)) return 0; } inq[x] = 0; return 1; } int lk[100010]; bool ok[100010]; inline void check(pair<int, int> &x, const pair<int, int> &y) { if (y.first < x.first) x.second = x.first, x.first = y.first; else if (y.first < x.second) x.second = y.first; if (y.second < x.first) x.second = x.first, x.first = y.second; else if (y.second < x.second) x.second = y.second; } inline void check(pair<int, int> &x, const int &y) { if (y < x.first) x.second = x.first, x.first = y; else if (y < x.second) x.second = y; } int dep[100010]; void dfs1(int x, int d) { dep[x] = d; vis[x] = 1; for (const int &y : e[x]) if (!vis[y]) dfs1(y, d + 1); } pair<int, int> dfs2(int x) { vis[x] = 1; ok[x] = 1, lk[x] = -1; pair<int, int> z(INF, INF); for (const int &y : e[x]) { if (vis[y]) check(z, dep[y]); else { check(z, dfs2(y)); } } assert(z.first < dep[x]); if (z.second < dep[x]) ok[x] = 0; else lk[x] = z.first; return z; } int stk[100010], top; vector<int> S; void dfs3(int x) { stk[++top] = x; vis[x] = 1; if (~lk[x]) ok[x] = ok[stk[lk[x]]]; if (ok[x]) S.push_back(x); for (const int &y : e[x]) if (!vis[y]) dfs3(y); --top; } void check(int x) { for (int i(1); i <= int(n); i++) vis[i] = 0; dfs1(x, 1); ok[x] = 1, lk[x] = -1; for (int i(1); i <= int(n); i++) vis[i] = 0; vis[x] = 1; for (const int &y : e[x]) dfs2(y); for (int i(1); i <= int(n); i++) vis[i] = 0; S.clear(); top = 0; dfs3(x); if (S.size() * 5 < n) puts("-1"); else { sort((S).begin(), (S).end()); for (int x : S) printf("%d ", x); puts(""); } } void solve() { n = read(), m = read(); for (int i(1); i <= int(n); i++) e[i].clear(); while (m--) { int u = read(), v = read(); e[u].push_back(v); } for (int T(1); T <= int(100); T++) { int x = getrand() % n + 1; for (int i(1); i <= int(n); i++) inq[i] = vis[i] = 0; if (dfs0(x) == 0) continue; check(x); return; } puts("-1"); } int main() { for (int T = read(); T--;) solve(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; template <typename T> inline void read(T &n) { T w = 1; n = 0; char ch = getchar(); while (!isdigit(ch) && ch != EOF) { if (ch == '-') w = -1; ch = getchar(); } while (isdigit(ch) && ch != EOF) { n = (n << 3) + (n << 1) + (ch & 15); ch = getchar(); } n *= w; } template <typename T> inline void write(T x) { T l = 0; unsigned long long y = 0; if (!x) { putchar(48); return; } if (x < 0) { x = -x; putchar('-'); } while (x) { y = y * 10 + x % 10; x /= 10; ++l; } while (l) { putchar(y % 10 + 48); y /= 10; --l; } } template <typename T> inline void writes(T x) { write(x); putchar(' '); } template <typename T> inline void writeln(T x) { write(x); puts(""); } template <typename T> inline void checkmax(T &a, T b) { a = a > b ? a : b; } template <typename T> inline void checkmin(T &a, T b) { a = a < b ? a : b; } const int N = 1e5 + 10, M = 2e5 + 10; int n, m, cnt, head[N], nxt[M << 1], to[M << 1], vis[N], in[N], dep[N], depth[N], depto[N], sum[N], ok[N]; inline int rd() { return int((long long)(rand() % 100000) * (rand() % 100000) % 998244353); } inline void addedge(int x, int y) { nxt[++cnt] = head[x]; to[cnt] = y; head[x] = cnt; } inline bool check(int x) { vis[x] = in[x] = 1; bool f = 1; for (int i = head[x]; i; i = nxt[i]) { if (vis[to[i]] && !in[to[i]]) f = 0; if (vis[to[i]]) continue; f &= check(to[i]); } in[x] = 0; return f; } inline void dfs(int x) { vis[x] = 1; for (int i = head[x]; i; i = nxt[i]) { if (vis[to[i]]) { if (depth[to[i]] < dep[x]) { dep[x] = depth[to[i]]; depto[x] = to[i]; } sum[x]++; sum[to[i]]--; continue; } depth[to[i]] = depth[x] + 1; dfs(to[i]); sum[x] += sum[to[i]]; if (dep[x] > dep[to[i]]) { dep[x] = dep[to[i]]; depto[x] = depto[to[i]]; } } } inline void dfs2(int x) { vis[x] = 1; if (sum[x] >= 2 || (sum[x] == 1 && ok[depto[x]])) ok[x] = 1; for (int i = head[x]; i; i = nxt[i]) { if (vis[to[i]]) continue; dfs2(to[i]); } } inline void doit(int rt) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { vis[i] = sum[i] = ok[i] = depth[i] = 0; dep[i] = n * 2 + 1; depto[i] = 0; } dfs(rt); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = 0; dfs2(rt); int ans = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (!ok[i]) ++ans; if (ans * 5 < n) { puts("-1"); return; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (!ok[i]) writes(i); puts(""); } inline void solve() { read(n); read(m); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) head[i] = vis[i] = in[i] = 0; cnt = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) { int x, y; read(x); read(y); addedge(x, y); } for (int i = 1; i <= 100; ++i) { int num = rd() % n + 1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vis[i] = in[i] = 0; if (check(num)) { doit(num); return; } } puts("-1"); } int main() { srand(1432433); int t; read(t); while (t--) solve(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> int n, m; int edge[200100][2]; std::vector<int> el[100100]; int chk[100100]; int dep[100100]; int ans[100100]; int highest[100100]; int secondhighest[100100]; int sflag; int random_node() { return (rand() * 12117LL + rand()) % n + 1; } void fdfs(int x) { chk[x] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < el[x].size(); i++) { int y = el[x][i]; if (chk[y] != 0) { if (chk[y] == 2) sflag = 1; continue; } else { fdfs(y); } } chk[x] = 2; } void sdfs(int x, int cdep) { chk[x] = 1; dep[x] = cdep; highest[x] = x; secondhighest[x] = x; for (int i = 0; i < el[x].size(); i++) { int y = el[x][i]; if (chk[y] != 0) { if (dep[highest[x]] > dep[y]) { secondhighest[x] = highest[x]; highest[x] = y; } else if (dep[secondhighest[x]] > dep[y]) { secondhighest[x] = y; } continue; } else { sdfs(y, cdep + 1); if (dep[highest[x]] > dep[highest[y]]) { secondhighest[x] = highest[x]; highest[x] = highest[y]; } else if (dep[secondhighest[x]] > dep[highest[y]]) { secondhighest[x] = highest[y]; } if (dep[highest[x]] > dep[secondhighest[y]]) { secondhighest[x] = highest[x]; highest[x] = secondhighest[y]; } else if (dep[secondhighest[x]] > dep[secondhighest[y]]) { secondhighest[x] = secondhighest[y]; } } } } void tdfs(int x) { chk[x] = 1; if (highest[x] != x && secondhighest[x] == x && ans[highest[x]] != 0) { ans[x] = 1; } for (int i = 0; i < el[x].size(); i++) { int y = el[x][i]; if (chk[y] != 0) { continue; } else { tdfs(y); } } } int solve(int root) { for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) { chk[i] = 0; } sflag = 0; fdfs(root); if (sflag) return 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (chk[i] != 2) return 0; chk[i] = 0; ans[i] = 0; } sdfs(root, 0); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { chk[i] = 0; } ans[root] = 1; tdfs(root); return 1; } int main() { int tcn; scanf("%d", &tcn); while (tcn--) { scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { scanf("%d%d", &edge[i][0], &edge[i][1]); el[edge[i][0]].push_back(edge[i][1]); } int res = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { int x = random_node(); res = solve(x); if (res == 1) break; } if (res == 0) { printf("-1\n"); } else { int anscnt = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (ans[i]) anscnt++; } if (anscnt * 5 < n) { printf("-1\n"); } else { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (ans[i]) printf("%d ", i); } printf("\n"); } } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { el[i].clear(); } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const long double pi = acos(-1); const long double eps = 1e-9; const int mod = 1e9 + 7; mt19937 rng( (unsigned int)chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); template <typename T> static T randint(T lo, T hi) { return uniform_int_distribution<T>(lo, hi)(rng); } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<vector<int> > g(n); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--, v--; assert(u != v); g[u].push_back(v); } auto interesting = [&](int r) { vector<bool> mark(n), p(n); bool ok = true; function<void(int)> dfs = [&](int u) { mark[u] = p[u] = true; for (int v : g[u]) { if (!mark[v]) dfs(v); else if (!p[v]) ok = false; } p[u] = false; }; dfs(r); return ok; }; int r = -1; for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { int u = randint<int>(0, n - 1); if (interesting(u)) { r = u; break; } } if (r == -1) { cout << -1 << '\n'; continue; } vector<int> mark(n), up(n, -1); function<multiset<int> *(int)> dfs = [&](int u) { mark[u] = true; vector<multiset<int> *> e; vector<int> b; int big = 0, who = -1; for (int v : g[u]) { if (!mark[v]) { e.push_back(dfs(v)); if (big < (int)e.back()->size()) { big = e.back()->size(); who = e.size() - 1; } } else { b.push_back(v); } } multiset<int> *ret; if (who != -1) ret = e[who]; else ret = new multiset<int>(); for (int i : b) ret->insert(i); int sz = e.size(); for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) if (i != who) for (int j : *e[i]) ret->insert(j); if (ret->count(u)) ret->erase(u); if (ret->size() == 1) up[u] = *(ret->begin()); return ret; }; dfs(r); fill(mark.begin(), mark.end(), false); vector<bool> is(n); is[r] = true; function<void(int)> dfs1 = [&](int u) { mark[u] = true; if (up[u] != -1 && is[up[u]]) is[u] = true; for (int v : g[u]) { if (mark[v]) continue; dfs1(v); } }; dfs1(r); int ans = count(is.begin(), is.end(), true); if (5 * ans < n) { cout << -1 << '\n'; continue; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (is[i]) { ans--; cout << i + 1 << " \n"[!ans]; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; using ll = long long; using ld = long double; using D = double; using uint = unsigned int; template <typename T> using pair2 = pair<T, T>; using pii = pair<int, int>; using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); const int maxn = 100005; int was[maxn]; pair2<int> up1[maxn], up2[maxn]; int d[maxn]; vector<int> gr[maxn]; vector<pair2<int>> all; bool good[maxn]; vector<int> answer; bool ok; int n, m; int ord[maxn]; void go(int cur, int curd) { was[cur] = 1; for (auto t : gr[cur]) { if (was[t] == 1) { continue; } if (was[t] == 2) { ok = false; continue; } go(t, curd + 1); } was[cur] = 2; } inline void upd(pair2<int> &m1, pair2<int> &m2, pair2<int> u) { if (u < m1) { m2 = m1; m1 = u; } else if (u < m2) { m2 = u; } } void go2(int cur, int curd) { was[cur] = 1; d[cur] = curd; up1[cur] = {d[cur], cur}; up2[cur] = {d[cur], cur}; for (auto t : gr[cur]) { if (was[t] == 1) { upd(up1[cur], up2[cur], {d[t], t}); continue; } if (was[t] == 2) { ok = false; continue; } go2(t, curd + 1); upd(up1[cur], up2[cur], up1[t]); upd(up1[cur], up2[cur], up2[t]); } was[cur] = 2; } bool build(int start) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) was[i] = 0; ok = true; go(start, 0); return ok; } void calc(int start) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) was[i] = 0; ok = true; go2(start, 0); assert(ok); all.clear(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) all.push_back({d[i], i}); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) good[i] = false; sort((all).begin(), (all).end()); for (auto t : all) { int id = t.second; if (d[id] == 0) { good[id] = true; answer.push_back(id); continue; } if (up1[id].first >= d[id]) continue; if (up2[id].first < d[id]) continue; if (good[up1[id].second]) { good[id] = true; answer.push_back(id); } } } void solve() { scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) gr[i].clear(); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int a, b; scanf("%d%d", &a, &b); a--, b--; gr[a].push_back(b); } iota(ord, ord + n, 0); shuffle(ord, ord + n, rng); answer.clear(); for (int IT = 0; IT < min(n, 40); IT++) { bool good = build(ord[IT]); if (good) { calc(ord[IT]); break; } } if (answer.empty() || (int)answer.size() * 5 < n) printf("-1\n"); else { sort((answer).begin(), (answer).end()); for (auto t : answer) printf("%d ", t + 1); printf("\n"); } } int main() { string shash = "asdgkh sdglkjdfhgvf3894foief " " sdgniidfgb sfg "; unsigned long long hash = 0; for (auto c : shash) hash = hash * 239 + c; rng.seed(hash); int NT; scanf("%d", &NT); for (int T = 0; T < NT; T++) { solve(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1e5 + 5; mt19937 rng(time(NULL)); int rnd(int l, int r) { return rng() % (r - l + 1) + l; } int T; int n, m; vector<int> G[N]; bool vis[N], ins[N]; void dfs(int p) { vis[p] = ins[p] = true; for (auto e : G[p]) { if (!vis[e]) { dfs(e); } else if (!ins[e]) { throw 1; } } ins[p] = false; } bool check(int p) { fill(vis + 1, vis + n + 1, false); fill(ins + 1, ins + n + 1, false); try { dfs(p); } catch (int) { return false; } return true; } int dfc; bool valid[N]; int dfn[N], low[N], low2[N], tour[N]; void upd_low(int p, int t) { if (t < low[p]) { swap(low[p], low2[p]); low[p] = t; } else if (t < low2[p]) { low2[p] = t; } } void tarjan(int p) { dfn[p] = low[p] = low2[p] = ++dfc; tour[dfc] = p; for (auto e : G[p]) { if (!dfn[e]) { tarjan(e); upd_low(p, low[e]); upd_low(p, low2[e]); } else { upd_low(p, dfn[e]); } } } void solve() { scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); for (int i = 1, u, v; i <= m; i++) { scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); G[u].push_back(v); } int rt = -1; for (int t = 1; t <= 70; t++) { if (check(rt = rnd(1, n))) { break; } else { rt = -1; } } if (rt < 0) { puts("-1"); return; } fill(dfn + 1, dfn + n + 1, 0); tarjan(rt); fill(valid + 1, valid + n + 1, false); valid[rt] = true; for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) { int p = tour[i]; if (low2[p] < dfn[p]) { continue; } int q = tour[low[p]]; valid[p] = valid[q]; } vector<int> ans; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (valid[i]) { ans.push_back(i); } } if ((signed)ans.size() * 5 < n) { puts("-1"); } else { for (auto x : ans) { printf("%d ", x); } putchar('\n'); } } void clear() { dfc = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { G[i].clear(); } } int main() { scanf("%d", &T); while (T--) { solve(); clear(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, m; int dfn; vector<int> g[100010]; int intr[100010]; int dep[100010]; int vis[100010]; int uplink[100010]; int st[100010], en[100010]; mt19937 rng(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); struct Min2 { pair<int, int> a, b; Min2() : a({1e9, -1}), b({1e9, -1}) {} inline int size() { if (a.first == 1e9) return 0; else if (b.first == 1e9) return 1; else return 2; } inline void push(const pair<int, int>& cur) { if (cur < a) { b = a; a = cur; } else if (cur < b) { b = cur; } } inline void push(const Min2& o) { push(o.a); push(o.b); } } up[100010]; int rTime; inline bool dfs(int x, int TIME) { st[x] = ++dfn; en[x] = n; vis[x] = TIME; up[x] = Min2(); for (auto ch : g[x]) { if (vis[ch] == TIME) { if (en[ch] >= st[x] && st[x] > st[ch]) { up[x].push({dep[ch], ch}); } else { return false; } } else { dep[ch] = dep[x] + 1; if (!dfs(ch, TIME)) return false; up[x].push(up[ch]); } } if (up[x].b.first >= dep[x]) { uplink[x] = up[x].a.second; } else { uplink[x] = -1; intr[x] = 0; } en[x] = dfn; return true; } int sum; inline void dfs1(int x) { if (dep[x] == 1) { sum += intr[x] = 1; } else if (uplink[x] != -1) { sum += intr[x] = intr[uplink[x]]; } for (auto ch : g[x]) { if (st[ch] > st[x] && en[ch] <= en[x]) { dfs1(ch); } } } int N; inline bool tst(int x) { ++N; dfn = 0; dep[x] = 1; if (dfs(x, N)) { sum = 0; dfs1(x); return true; } return false; } int main() { int TT; for (scanf("%d", &TT); TT; TT--) { scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { intr[i] = -1; g[i].clear(); } for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { int a, b; scanf("%d%d", &a, &b); g[a].push_back(b); } bool found = false; for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { int x = rng() % n + 1; if (tst(x)) { found = true; break; } } if (!found || sum * 5 < n) puts("-1"); else { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (intr[i] == 1) printf("%d ", i); } puts(""); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; using ll = long long; using ld = long double; const int maxn = 100100; vector<int> g[maxn]; mt19937 rnd; int timer; int in[maxn]; int out[maxn]; int par[maxn]; int ord[maxn]; bool used[maxn]; void dfs1(int u) { ord[timer] = u; in[u] = timer++; used[u] = true; for (int v : g[u]) { if (used[v]) { continue; } par[v] = u; dfs1(v); } out[u] = timer; } bool is_prev(int u, int v) { return in[u] <= in[v] && out[v] <= out[u]; } vector<char> good; vector<int> up; vector<int> dfs2(int u) { vector<int> up; for (int v : g[u]) { if (par[v] == u) { auto nup = dfs2(v); up.insert(up.end(), nup.begin(), nup.end()); } else { up.push_back(in[v]); } sort(up.begin(), up.end()); up.resize(min((int)up.size(), 2)); } while (!up.empty() && up.back() >= in[u]) { up.pop_back(); } if (up.size() > 1) { good[u] = false; } else if (up.size() == 1) { ::up[u] = ord[up.front()]; } return up; } void dfs3(int u) { if (up[u] != -1 && !good[up[u]]) { good[u] = false; } for (int v : g[u]) { if (par[v] == u) { dfs3(v); } } } void solve() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { g[i].clear(); } for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; --u, --v; g[u].push_back(v); } for (int it = 0; it < 100; ++it) { fill(used, used + n, false); timer = 0; int u = rnd() % n; par[u] = -1; dfs1(u); bool fail = false; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { for (int j : g[i]) { if (par[j] != i && !is_prev(j, i)) { fail = true; } } } if (fail) { continue; } good.assign(n, true); up.assign(n, -1); dfs2(u); dfs3(u); assert(good[u]); int total = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { total += good[i]; } if (total * 5 < n) { cout << -1 << '\n'; } else { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if (good[i]) { cout << i + 1 << ' '; } } cout << '\n'; } return; } cout << -1 << '\n'; } signed main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); ll seed = __rdtsc(); rnd = mt19937(seed); int tn; cin >> tn; for (int i = 0; i < tn; ++i) { solve(); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int T, n, m, t[110000], p[110000], vis[110000], ans; int cnt, num[110000]; bool flag, Ans[110000]; vector<int> vec[110000]; const int bufsize = 1 << 20; char Getchar() { static char now[bufsize], *S, *T; if (T == S) { T = (S = now) + fread(now, 1, bufsize, stdin); if (T == S) return EOF; } return *S++; } int read() { int x = 0, f = 1; char ch = Getchar(); while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') { if (ch == '-') f = -1; ch = Getchar(); } while (ch <= '9' && ch >= '0') x = x * 10 + ch - '0', ch = Getchar(); return x * f; } inline long long myrand() { return 1ll * rand() * RAND_MAX + rand(); } void dfs(int u) { vis[u] = 1; cnt++; for (int v : vec[u]) if (vis[v] == 2) flag = false; else if (!vis[v]) dfs(v); vis[u] = 2; } void dfs2(int u) { vis[u] = true; num[++cnt] = u; for (int v : vec[u]) if (!vis[v]) { dfs2(v); t[u] += t[v]; p[u] ^= p[v]; } else { t[u]++; t[v]--; p[u] ^= v; p[v] ^= v; } } void work() { n = read(); m = read(); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) vec[i].clear(); int u, v; for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { u = read(); v = read(); vec[u].push_back(v); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) p[i] = i; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) swap(p[i], p[myrand() % i + 1]); int lim = min(n, 100), rt = -1; for (int i = 1; i <= lim; i++) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) vis[j] = 0; flag = true; cnt = 0; dfs(p[i]); if (flag && cnt == n) { rt = p[i]; break; } } if (rt == -1) { puts("-1"); return; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { vis[i] = 0; p[i] = 0; t[i] = 0; } cnt = 0; dfs2(rt); ans = 1; Ans[rt] = true; int x; for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) { x = num[i]; if (t[x] == 1 && Ans[p[x]]) { Ans[x] = true; ans++; } else Ans[x] = false; } if (ans * 5 < n) { puts("-1"); return; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (Ans[i]) printf("%d ", i); putchar('\n'); } int main() { srand(19260817); T = read(); while (T--) work(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 2e5 + 50; int n, m, final[N], nex[N], to[N], tot, T; void link(int x, int y) { to[++tot] = y, nex[tot] = final[x], final[x] = tot; } int ans[N], sum[N], sp[N], dep[N]; int ins[N], vis[N], god; void dfs(int x) { ins[x] = vis[x] = 1; for (int i = final[x]; i; i = nex[i]) { int y = to[i]; if (!ins[y] && vis[y]) { god = 0; } else { if (ins[y]) { if (sp[x] == 0 || dep[sp[x]] > dep[y]) sp[x] = y; sum[x]++; sum[y]--; } else { dep[y] = dep[x] + 1; dfs(y); } } } ins[x] = 0; } bool good(int x) { god = 1; memset(vis, 0, (n + 5) * sizeof vis[0]); memset(sp, 0, (n + 5) * sizeof sp[0]); memset(sum, 0, (n + 5) * sizeof sum[0]); memset(dep, 0, sizeof(int[n + 5])); dep[x] = 1; dfs(x); return god; } int inans[N]; void init(int x) { vis[x] = 1; for (int i = final[x]; i; i = nex[i]) { int y = to[i]; if (!vis[y]) { init(y); sum[x] += sum[y]; if (sp[y] && (sp[x] == 0 || dep[sp[y]] < dep[sp[x]])) sp[x] = sp[y]; } } } void getans(int x) { if (sum[x] == 1 && inans[sp[x]]) inans[x] = 1, ans[++(*ans)] = x; vis[x] = 1; for (int i = final[x]; i; i = nex[i]) { int y = to[i]; if (!vis[y]) { getans(y); } } } set<pair<int, int> > ss; int main() { for (cin >> T; T; T--) { tot = 0; cin >> n >> m; ss.clear(); memset(final, 0, (n + 5) * sizeof final[0]); for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { int u, v; scanf("%d %d", &u, &v); link(u, v); assert(u != v); if (ss.find(make_pair(u, v)) != ss.end()) assert(0); ss.insert(make_pair(u, v)); } int cnt = 0; while (1) { if (++cnt == 100) { break; } int x = (rand() * RAND_MAX + rand()) % n + 1; if (good(x)) { ans[0] = 0; memset(vis, 0, (n + 5) * sizeof vis[0]); init(x); memset(inans, 0, (n + 5) * sizeof inans[0]); inans[x] = 1, ans[++(*ans)] = x; memset(vis, 0, (n + 5) * sizeof vis[0]); getans(x); if (ans[0] * 5 < n) { if (m == 100002) cout << 234 << endl; cout << -1 << endl; } else { sort(ans + 1, ans + 1 + *ans); for (int i = 1; i <= *ans; i++) { printf("%d ", ans[i]); } printf("\n"); } break; } } if (cnt == 100) { if (m == 100002) cout << 233 << endl; cout << -1 << endl; continue; } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; struct __timestamper {}; const int NOT_FOUND = -2; const int BAD = -1; struct segtree { int n, N; vector<vector<int>> a, t; segtree(const vector<vector<int>>& _a) { a = _a; n = a.size(); N = 1; while (N < n) N <<= 1; t.resize(2 * N); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { sort(a[i].begin(), a[i].end()); t[N + i] = a[i]; } for (int v = N - 1; v > 0; v--) { t[v].resize(t[v * 2].size() + t[v * 2 + 1].size()); merge(t[v * 2].begin(), t[v * 2].end(), t[v * 2 + 1].begin(), t[v * 2 + 1].end(), t[v].begin()); } } int Merge(int cans, int v, int need) { if (cans == BAD) return BAD; int id = lower_bound(t[v].begin(), t[v].end(), need) - t[v].begin(); if (id == 0) return cans; if (id > 1) return BAD; if (cans == NOT_FOUND) return t[v][0]; return BAD; } int get(int l, int r, int x) { l += N; r += N; int ans = NOT_FOUND; while (l <= r) { if (l & 1) ans = Merge(ans, l, x); if (!(r & 1)) ans = Merge(ans, r, x); l = (l + 1) >> 1; r = (r - 1) >> 1; } return ans; } }; vector<int> solve(vector<vector<int>> e) { int n = e.size(); vector<int> ans; mt19937 rnd(2314532534); for (int it = 0; it < 65; it++) { int root = rnd() % n; bool ok = 1; vector<int> c(n); vector<int> in(n, -1), out(n); vector<vector<int>> up(n); vector<int> par(n, -1); vector<int> vct; int tmr = 0; function<void(int)> dfs = [&](int v) { in[v] = tmr++; vct.push_back(v); c[v] = 1; for (int to : e[v]) { if (c[to] == 0) { par[to] = v; dfs(to); } else if (c[to] == 1) { up[in[v]].push_back(in[to]); } else { ok = 0; } } c[v] = 2; out[v] = tmr; }; dfs(root); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ok &= in[i] != -1; if (!ok) continue; segtree tr(up); vector<int> good_pr(n); for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) { if (v == root) good_pr[v] = v; else { good_pr[v] = tr.get(in[v], out[v] - 1, in[v]); if (good_pr[v] < 0) good_pr[v] = -1; else good_pr[v] = vct[good_pr[v]]; } } for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { int v = vct[i]; if (good_pr[v] != -1 && good_pr[good_pr[v]] == -1) { good_pr[v] = -1; } } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (good_pr[i] != -1) ans.push_back(i); break; } if (ans.size() * 10 < 2 * n) ans.clear(); return ans; } vector<int> slow(vector<vector<int>> e) { int n = e.size(); vector<int> ans; for (int root = 0; root < n; root++) { bool ok = 1; vector<int> c(n); vector<int> in(n, -1), out(n); vector<vector<int>> up(n); vector<int> par(n, -1); vector<int> vct; int tmr = 0; function<void(int)> dfs = [&](int v) { in[v] = tmr++; vct.push_back(v); c[v] = 1; for (int to : e[v]) { if (c[to] == 0) { par[to] = v; dfs(to); } else if (c[to] == 1) { up[in[v]].push_back(in[to]); } else { ok = 0; } } c[v] = 2; out[v] = tmr; }; dfs(root); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ok &= in[i] != -1; if (!ok) continue; ans.push_back(root); } if (ans.size() * 10 < 2 * n) ans.clear(); return ans; } void stress() { for (int it = 1090;; it++) { mt19937 rnd(it); cerr << "it" << " = " << it << endl; int n = rnd() % 10 + 1; vector<vector<int>> e(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { if (j != i && rnd() % 2) { e[i].push_back(j); } } } auto ans1 = solve(e); auto ans2 = slow(e); if (ans1 != ans2) { cerr << "ans1" << " = "; for (auto xxxx : ans1) cerr << xxxx << " "; cerr << endl; cerr << "ans2" << " = "; for (auto xxxx : ans2) cerr << xxxx << " "; cerr << endl; cerr << "n" << " = " << n << endl; for (auto neib : e) { cerr << "neib" << " = "; for (auto xxxx : neib) cerr << xxxx << " "; cerr << endl; } exit(0); } } } int main() { int T; scanf("%d", &T); while (T--) { int n, m; scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); vector<vector<int>> e(n); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int u, v; scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); u--; v--; e[u].push_back(v); } auto ans = solve(e); if (ans.size() * 10 < 2 * n) { printf("%d\n", -1); } else { sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); for (int i = 0; i < (int)ans.size(); i++) printf("%d%c", ans[i] + 1, " \n"[i + 1 == (int)ans.size()]); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; using ld = long double; const int N = 100005; int n, m; vector<int> g[N]; int vis[N]; int cnt; int up[N]; bool dp[N]; int par[N]; bool dfs(int u) { vis[u] = 1; cnt++; for (int v : g[u]) { if (vis[v] == 2) return false; if (!vis[v]) { par[v] = u; if (!dfs(v)) return false; up[u] += up[v]; } else up[u]++, up[v]--; } vis[u] = 2; return true; } multiset<int> edges[N]; int sv[N]; void f(int u) { vis[u] = 1; for (int v : g[u]) { if (!vis[v]) { f(v); if (edges[u].size() < edges[v].size()) ; for (int x : edges[v]) edges[u].insert(x); edges[v].clear(); } else edges[u].insert(v); } edges[u].erase(u); if (up[u] == 1) sv[u] = *edges[u].begin(); } void prop(int u) { if (sv[u]) { dp[u] &= dp[sv[u]]; } vis[u] = 1; for (int v : g[u]) if (!vis[v]) prop(v); } mt19937 rng(58); void solve() { int it = 100; vector<int> ids(n); iota(ids.begin(), ids.end(), 1); shuffle(ids.begin(), ids.end(), rng); for (int u : ids) { if (--it == 0) break; memset(vis, 0, (n + 2) * sizeof(vis[0])); memset(up, 0, (n + 2) * sizeof(up[0])); if (!dfs(u) or cnt < n) continue; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) dp[i] = up[i] == 1; dp[u] = 1; par[u] = -1; memset(vis, 0, (n + 2) * sizeof(vis[0])); memset(sv, 0, (n + 2) * sizeof(sv[0])); f(u); memset(vis, 0, (n + 2) * sizeof(vis[0])); prop(u); vector<int> ans; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (dp[i]) { ans.push_back(i); } if ((int)ans.size() * 5 < n) break; for (int x : ans) printf("%d ", x); printf("\n"); return; } printf("-1\n"); } int main() { int t; scanf("%d", &t); while (t--) { scanf("%d %d", &n, &m); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int u, v; scanf("%d %d", &u, &v); g[u].push_back(v); } solve(); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) g[i].clear(), edges[i].clear(); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); vector<vector<int> > g; vector<array<int, 2> > b; vector<int> ok, a, tin, tour, par; void prepare(int n) { ok.assign(n, false), b.assign(n, {-1, -1}), g.assign(n, vector<int>()); } bool check(int u) { a[u] = true, tin[u] = tour.size(), tour.push_back(u); for (int v : g[u]) { if (tin[v] == -1) { par[v] = u; if (!check(v)) return false; } else if (!a[v]) return false; } a[u] = false; return true; } void add_edge(int u, int val) { if (b[u][0] > val) b[u][1] = b[u][0], b[u][0] = val; else if (b[u][1] > val) b[u][1] = val; } void dfs1(int u) { b[u][0] = b[u][1] = tin[u]; for (int v : g[u]) { if (par[v] == u) { dfs1(v); add_edge(u, b[v][0]), add_edge(u, b[v][1]); } else if (tin[v] < tin[u]) add_edge(u, tin[v]); } if (b[u][1] >= tin[u]) ok[u] = true; } void dfs2(int u) { ok[u] &= ok[tour[b[u][0]]]; for (int v : g[u]) if (par[v] == u) dfs2(v); } void solve() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; prepare(n); for (int i = 0, a, b; i < m; i++) cin >> a >> b, g[--a].push_back(--b); vector<int> p; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) p.push_back(i); shuffle(p.begin(), p.end(), rng); for (int i = 0; i < min(n, 100); i++) { a.assign(n, false), tin.assign(n, -1), tour.clear(), par.assign(n, -1); if (check(p[i])) { ok[p[i]] = true; dfs1(p[i]), dfs2(p[i]); break; } } if (count(ok.begin(), ok.end(), 1) * 5 < n) { cout << "-1\n"; return; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (ok[i]) cout << i + 1 << " "; cout << "\n"; } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); int t; cin >> t; while (t--) solve(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const long long mod = 1e9 + 7; const int N = 1e5 + 1; int n, m; vector<int> adj[N]; mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); int rand(int x) { return uniform_int_distribution<int>(0, x - 1)(rng); } int d[N]; bool inq[N]; bool vis3[N]; bool ok = true; void dfs3(int id) { inq[id] = true; vis3[id] = true; for (auto x : adj[id]) { if (!vis3[x]) { dfs3(x); } else if (!inq[x]) ok = false; } inq[id] = false; } bool arin(int x) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) vis3[i] = inq[i] = false; ok = true; dfs3(x); return ok; } bool vis[N]; vector<int> ch[N]; int par[N]; int dx[N], dy[N]; int cs[N]; int up[N]; void dfs(int id) { vis[id] = true; up[id] = id; for (auto x : adj[id]) { if (!vis[x]) { d[x] = d[id] + 1; par[x] = id; ch[id].push_back(x); cs[id] = x; dfs(x); } else { dx[x]--; dx[id]++; if (d[up[id]] > d[x]) up[id] = x; } } for (auto x : ch[id]) { if (d[up[x]] < d[up[id]]) up[id] = up[x]; } } int dfs4(int id) { int duh = dx[id]; for (auto x : ch[id]) duh += dfs4(x); dy[id] = duh; return duh; } bool good[N]; int rt; void dfs2(int id) { if (dy[id] <= 1) good[id] = good[up[id]]; if (id == rt) good[id] = true; for (auto x : ch[id]) { dfs2(x); } } void solve() { cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { adj[i].clear(); ch[i].clear(); dx[i] = dy[i] = 0; good[i] = false; } for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; adj[u].push_back(v); } int x = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { x = rand(n) + 1; if (arin(x)) break; x = 0; } if (x == 0) { cout << "-1\n"; return; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) vis[i] = false; d[x] = 0; dfs(x); rt = x; dfs4(x); dfs2(x); int cnt = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (good[i]) cnt++; if (cnt * 5 < n) { cout << "-1\n"; return; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (good[i]) cout << i << ' '; cout << '\n'; } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); int t; cin >> t; while (t--) solve(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void solve() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<vector<int> > edges(n); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; a--; b--; edges[a].push_back(b); } mt19937 mt(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); for (int _ = 0; _ < 60; _++) { int st = uniform_int_distribution<int>(0, n - 1)(mt); vector<int> bfs = {st}; vector<int> vis(n, 0); int s = 0; vis[st] = 1; vector<int> par(n); vector<int> d(n); par[st] = st; d[st] = 0; while (s < (int)bfs.size()) { int v = bfs[s]; s++; for (int w : edges[v]) { if (vis[w]) continue; par[w] = v; d[w] = d[v] + 1; bfs.push_back(w); vis[w] = 1; } } if ((int)bfs.size() != n) { continue; } const int MAXJ = 18; vector<vector<int> > jmp(MAXJ, vector<int>(n)); jmp[0] = par; for (int j = 1; j < MAXJ; j++) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { jmp[j][i] = jmp[j - 1][jmp[j - 1][i]]; } } vector<int> count_over(n, 0); bool fail = false; vector<int> up_where(n, -1); for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) { for (int w : edges[v]) { if (par[w] == v) continue; int dv = d[v]; int dw = d[w]; if (dv <= dw) { fail = true; } else { int dist = dv - dw; int cv = v; for (int j = 0; j < MAXJ; j++) { if (dist & (1 << j)) { cv = jmp[j][cv]; } } if (cv != w) { fail = true; } else { count_over[v] += 1; count_over[w] -= 1; if (up_where[v] == -1 || d[w] < d[up_where[v]]) { up_where[v] = w; } } } } } if (fail) { continue; } vector<int> answers; for (int g = n - 1; g > 0; g--) { int v = bfs[g]; int p = par[v]; count_over[p] += count_over[v]; if (up_where[v] != -1) { if (up_where[p] == -1 || d[up_where[v]] < d[up_where[p]]) { up_where[p] = up_where[v]; } } } vector<int> good(n, 1); for (int g = 1; g < n; g++) { int v = bfs[g]; if (count_over[v] != 1 || !good[up_where[v]]) { good[v] = 0; } } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (good[i]) answers.push_back(i); } if ((int)answers.size() * 5 < n) { cout << -1 << '\n'; } else { for (int a : answers) { cout << a + 1 << ' '; } cout << '\n'; } return; } cout << -1 << '\n'; return; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(nullptr); int T; cin >> T; while (T--) solve(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int M = 1000000007; const int MM = 998244353; const long double PI = acos(-1); template <typename T, typename U> static inline void amin(T &x, U y) { if (y < x) x = y; } template <typename T, typename U> static inline void amax(T &x, U y) { if (x < y) x = y; } template <typename T, typename U> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &p) { return os << '(' << p.first << "," << p.second << ')'; } mt19937 rng(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); const int N = 100005; vector<int> v[N]; pair<int, int> back[N]; int dep[N], in[N], cur, out[N], dp[N], par[N]; bool vis[N]; vector<int> t; void dfs(int s) { t.push_back(s); vis[s] = true; in[s] = cur++; dp[s] = 0; back[s] = {N, N}; for (auto j : v[s]) { if (!vis[j]) { dep[j] = dep[s] + 1; par[j] = s; dfs(j); dp[s] += dp[j]; amin(back[s], back[j]); } else { ++dp[s]; --dp[j]; amin(back[s], make_pair(dep[j], j)); } } out[s] = cur - 1; } int _runtimeTerror_() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<pair<int, int> > ed; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { v[i].clear(); back[i] = {N, N}; dep[i] = 0; } while (m--) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; v[x].push_back(y); ed.push_back({x, y}); } auto ancestor = [&](int x, int y) { return in[y] >= in[x] && in[y] <= out[x]; }; int cutoff = 1; while (cutoff * 5 < n) ++cutoff; vector<bool> checked(n + 1, false), interested(n + 1, true); vector<int> ans; for (int it = 0; it <= 100; ++it) { int u = rng() % n + 1; if (checked[u]) continue; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) dep[i] = 0, back[i] = {N, N}, in[i] = 0, vis[i] = false, dp[i] = 0, par[i] = 0; cur = 0; t.clear(); dfs(u); checked[u] = true; bool can = true; for (auto &j : ed) { if (j.first == par[j.second] || j.second == par[j.first]) continue; if (!ancestor(j.second, j.first)) { can = false; break; } } if (!can) continue; interested[u] = true; ans.push_back(u); for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { if (dp[t[i]] >= 2) { interested[t[i]] = false; } else { assert(dp[t[i]] == 1); interested[t[i]] = interested[back[t[i]].second]; } if (interested[t[i]]) ans.push_back(t[i]); } if ((long long)ans.size() < cutoff) ans.clear(); break; } if (ans.empty()) { cout << "-1\n"; return 0; } sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); for (auto j : ans) cout << j << " "; cout << "\n"; return 0; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); int TESTS = 1; cin >> TESTS; while (TESTS--) _runtimeTerror_(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> struct { inline operator int() { int x; return scanf("%d", &x), x; } } read; const int maxn = 100005; std::vector<int> G[maxn]; int cover[maxn], keycover[maxn]; bool vis[maxn], ins[maxn]; bool isans[maxn]; int Root; void force(int u) { vis[u] = ins[u] = 1; for (int v : G[u]) if (!vis[v]) force(v); else if (!ins[v]) Root = 0; ins[u] = 0; } int tmp[maxn], tp; void dfs(int u) { tmp[++tp] = u; vis[u] = 1; for (int v : G[u]) if (!vis[v]) { dfs(v); cover[u] += cover[v]; keycover[u] += keycover[v]; } else { ++cover[u]; --cover[v]; keycover[u] += v; keycover[v] -= v; } } int main() { std::mt19937 engine(19260817); int T = read; while (T--) { int n = read, m = read; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) G[i].clear(); for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { int u = read, v = read; G[u].push_back(v); } std::uniform_int_distribution<int> Rand(1, n); int test = 80; Root = 0; while (!Root and test--) { std::fill(vis, vis + n + 1, 0); force(Root = Rand(engine)); } if (!Root) { puts("-1"); continue; } std::fill(cover, cover + n + 1, 0); std::fill(keycover, keycover + n + 1, 0); std::fill(vis, vis + n + 1, 0); tp = 0; dfs(Root); isans[Root] = 1; int tot = 1; for (int i = 2; i <= tp; i++) { int u = tmp[i]; if (cover[u] == 1) isans[u] = isans[keycover[u]]; else isans[u] = 0; tot += isans[u]; } if (tot * 5 >= n) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (isans[i]) printf("%d ", i); puts(""); } else puts("-1"); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> namespace IO { const int IN_LEN = 1 << 18 | 1; static char buf[IN_LEN], *s, *t; inline int Getchar(void) { return s == t && (t = (s = buf) + fread(buf, 1, IN_LEN, stdin)), s == t ? -1 : *s++; } template <class T> inline void read(T& x) { static int c, f; c = Getchar(), x = f = 0; while (c < '0' || c > '9') { if (c == '-') f = 1; c = Getchar(); } while (c <= '9' && c >= '0') x = x * 10 + c - 48, c = Getchar(); x = f ? -x : x; } } // namespace IO using IO::read; using namespace std; const int N = 2e5 + 5; int head[N], eidx, rt, n, vis[N], dep[N], low[N], sum[N], m, cnt; struct Edge { int nxt, to; } edge[N]; bool mark[N]; vector<int> ans; inline void addedge(int u, int v) { edge[++eidx] = (Edge){head[u], v}; head[u] = eidx; } bool chk(int u) { vis[u] = 1, ++cnt; for (int i = head[u], v; i; i = edge[i].nxt) if (!vis[v = edge[i].to]) { if (!chk(v)) return false; } else if (vis[v] == 2) return false; vis[u] = 2; return true; } void dfs(int u) { low[u] = u, vis[u] = 1; for (int i = head[u], v; i; i = edge[i].nxt) if (!vis[v = edge[i].to]) { dep[v] = dep[u] + 1; dfs(v); if (dep[low[v]] < dep[low[u]]) low[u] = low[v]; sum[u] += sum[v]; } else { ++sum[u], --sum[v]; if (dep[v] < dep[low[u]]) low[u] = v; } if (sum[u] > 1) mark[u] = 1; } void redfs(int u) { if (sum[u] < 2 && mark[low[u]]) mark[u] = 1; if (!mark[u]) ans.push_back(u); for (int i = head[u], v; i; i = edge[i].nxt) if (dep[v = edge[i].to] == dep[u] + 1) redfs(v); } inline void solve(void) { read(n), read(m); eidx = 0; memset(head, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); memset(mark, 0, sizeof(bool) * (n + 1)); for (int i = 1, u, v; i <= m; ++i) { read(u), read(v); addedge(u, v); } int _ = 100; while (_--) { rt = (1LL * rand() * rand()) % n + 1, cnt = 0; memset(vis, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); if (chk(rt) && cnt == n) break; else rt = 0; } if (!rt) return puts("-1"), void(); memset(vis, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); memset(sum, 0, sizeof(int) * (n + 1)); dep[rt] = 0; dfs(rt); ans.clear(); redfs(rt); if (int(ans.size()) * 5 < n) return puts("-1"), void(); sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); for (const int& v : ans) printf("%d ", v); puts(""); } int main(void) { srand(time(0)); int T; read(T); while (T--) solve(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &v) { os << '{'; string sep; for (const auto &x : v) os << sep << x, sep = ", "; return os << '}'; } template <typename T, size_t size> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const array<T, size> &arr) { os << '{'; string sep; for (const auto &x : arr) os << sep << x, sep = ", "; return os << '}'; } template <typename A, typename B> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<A, B> &p) { return os << '(' << p.first << ", " << p.second << ')'; } void dbg_out() { cerr << endl; } template <typename Head, typename... Tail> void dbg_out(Head H, Tail... T) { cerr << ' ' << H; dbg_out(T...); } auto random_address = [] { char *p = new char; delete p; return (uint64_t)p; }; mt19937_64 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count() * (random_address() | 1)); template <typename T> void output_vector(const vector<T> &v, bool add_one = false, int start = -1, int end = -1) { if (start < 0) start = 0; if (end < 0) end = int(v.size()); for (int i = start; i < end; i++) cout << v[i] + (add_one ? 1 : 0) << (i < end - 1 ? ' ' : '\n'); } const int ATTEMPTS = 100; int N, M; vector<vector<int>> adj; vector<int> tour_index; vector<array<int, 2>> low_link; vector<bool> in_stack; int tour; vector<int> tour_list; array<int, 2> combine(array<int, 2> x, int y) { array<int, 3> a = {x[0], x[1], y}; sort(a.begin(), a.end()); return {a[0], a[1]}; } array<int, 2> combine(array<int, 2> x, array<int, 2> y) { array<int, 4> a = {x[0], x[1], y[0], y[1]}; sort(a.begin(), a.end()); return {a[0], a[1]}; } bool interesting_dfs(int node) { tour_index[node] = tour++; tour_list.push_back(node); low_link[node] = {tour_index[node], tour_index[node]}; in_stack[node] = true; for (int neighbor : adj[node]) if (tour_index[neighbor] < 0) { if (!interesting_dfs(neighbor)) return false; low_link[node] = combine(low_link[node], low_link[neighbor]); } else if (in_stack[neighbor]) { low_link[node] = combine(low_link[node], tour_index[neighbor]); } else { return false; } in_stack[node] = false; return true; } bool check_interesting(int node) { tour_index.assign(N, -1); low_link.resize(N); in_stack.assign(N, false); tour = 0; tour_list.clear(); return interesting_dfs(node); } void run_case() { cin >> N >> M; adj.assign(N, {}); for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--; v--; adj[u].push_back(v); } int root = -1; for (int iter = 0; iter < ATTEMPTS; iter++) { root = int(rng() % N); if (check_interesting(root)) break; root = -1; } if (root < 0) { cout << -1 << '\n'; return; } vector<bool> bad(N, false); for (int x : tour_list) if (low_link[x][0] < tour_index[x] && low_link[x][1] < tour_index[x]) { bad[x] = true; } else { assert(low_link[x][1] == tour_index[x]); int above = tour_list[low_link[x][0]]; bad[x] = bad[above]; } vector<int> interesting; for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) if (!bad[i]) interesting.push_back(i); if (5 * int(interesting.size()) < N) cout << -1 << '\n'; else output_vector(interesting, true); } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); int tests; cin >> tests; while (tests-- > 0) run_case(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1e6 + 10; int h[N], e[N], ne[N], idx; void add(int a, int b) { e[idx] = b, ne[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++; } int n, m; bool vis[N]; bool nvis[N]; int dep[N]; int sz; int check(int u) { vis[u] = true; nvis[u] = true; sz++; for (int i = h[u]; i != -1; i = ne[i]) { int j = e[i]; if (vis[j] && !nvis[j]) return -1; if (vis[j]) continue; if (check(j) == -1) return -1; } nvis[u] = false; return sz; } int dfn[N], cnt[N]; bool bad[N]; int dfs1(int u) { vis[u] = 1; dfn[u] = u; for (int i = h[u]; i != -1; i = ne[i]) { int j = e[i]; if (!vis[j]) { dep[j] = dep[u] + 1; int siz = dfs1(j); cnt[u] += siz; if (dep[dfn[u]] > dep[dfn[j]]) dfn[u] = dfn[j]; } else { cnt[u]++; cnt[j]--; if (dep[dfn[u]] > dep[j]) dfn[u] = j; } } if (cnt[u] > 1) bad[u] = true; return cnt[u]; } vector<int> ans; void dfs2(int u) { vis[u] = true; if (!bad[u] && bad[dfn[u]]) bad[u] = true; for (int i = h[u]; i != -1; i = ne[i]) { int j = e[i]; if (!vis[j]) dfs2(j); } } int main() { int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { mt19937 R(600000); cin >> n >> m; memset(cnt, 0, sizeof(int) * (n << 1)); memset(dfn, 0, sizeof(int) * (n << 1)); memset(bad, 0, sizeof(bool) * (n << 1)); memset(dep, 0, sizeof(int) * (n << 1)); memset(h, -1, sizeof(int) * (n << 1)), idx = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { int a, b; scanf("%d%d", &a, &b); add(a, b); } int r = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= 200; i++) { memset(vis, 0, sizeof(bool) * (n << 1)); memset(nvis, 0, sizeof(int) * (n << 1)); int u = 1ll * R() % n * R() % n + 1; sz = 0; if (check(u) == n) { r = u; break; } } sz = 0; if (!r) { cout << -1 << endl; } else { memset(vis, 0, sizeof(bool) * (n << 1)); dfs1(r); memset(vis, 0, sizeof(bool) * (n << 1)); dfs2(r); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (!bad[i]) ans.push_back(i); if (ans.size() * 5 >= n) { for (auto p : ans) cout << p << ' '; cout << endl; } else { cout << -1 << endl; } } ans.clear(); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &v) { os << '{'; string sep; for (const auto &x : v) os << sep << x, sep = ", "; return os << '}'; } template <typename T, size_t size> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const array<T, size> &arr) { os << '{'; string sep; for (const auto &x : arr) os << sep << x, sep = ", "; return os << '}'; } template <typename A, typename B> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<A, B> &p) { return os << '(' << p.first << ", " << p.second << ')'; } void dbg_out() { cerr << endl; } template <typename Head, typename... Tail> void dbg_out(Head H, Tail... T) { cerr << ' ' << H; dbg_out(T...); } auto random_address = [] { char *p = new char; delete p; return (uint64_t)p; }; mt19937_64 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count() * (random_address() | 1)); template <typename T> void output_vector(const vector<T> &v, bool add_one = false, int start = -1, int end = -1) { if (start < 0) start = 0; if (end < 0) end = int(v.size()); for (int i = start; i < end; i++) cout << v[i] + (add_one ? 1 : 0) << (i < end - 1 ? ' ' : '\n'); } const int ATTEMPTS = 50; int N, M; vector<vector<int>> adj; vector<int> tour_index; vector<array<int, 2>> low_link; vector<bool> in_stack; int tour; vector<int> tour_list; array<int, 2> combine(array<int, 2> x, int y) { array<int, 3> a = {x[0], x[1], y}; sort(a.begin(), a.end()); return {a[0], a[1]}; } array<int, 2> combine(array<int, 2> x, array<int, 2> y) { array<int, 4> a = {x[0], x[1], y[0], y[1]}; sort(a.begin(), a.end()); return {a[0], a[1]}; } bool interesting_dfs(int node) { tour_index[node] = tour++; tour_list.push_back(node); low_link[node] = {tour_index[node], tour_index[node]}; in_stack[node] = true; for (int neighbor : adj[node]) if (tour_index[neighbor] < 0) { if (!interesting_dfs(neighbor)) return false; low_link[node] = combine(low_link[node], low_link[neighbor]); } else if (in_stack[neighbor]) { low_link[node] = combine(low_link[node], tour_index[neighbor]); } else { return false; } in_stack[node] = false; return true; } vector<int> save_interesting; bool check_interesting(int node) { if (save_interesting[node] >= 0) return save_interesting[node]; tour_index.assign(N, -1); low_link.resize(N); in_stack.assign(N, false); tour = 0; tour_list.clear(); return (save_interesting[node] = interesting_dfs(node)); } void run_case() { cin >> N >> M; adj.assign(N, {}); for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--; v--; adj[u].push_back(v); } save_interesting.assign(N, -1); int root = -1; for (int iter = 0; iter < ATTEMPTS; iter++) { root = int(rng() % N); if (check_interesting(root)) break; root = -1; } if (root < 0) { cout << -1 << '\n'; return; } vector<bool> bad(N, false); for (int x : tour_list) if (low_link[x][0] < tour_index[x] && low_link[x][1] < tour_index[x]) { bad[x] = true; } else { assert(low_link[x][1] == tour_index[x]); int above = tour_list[low_link[x][0]]; bad[x] = bad[above]; } vector<int> interesting; for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) if (!bad[i]) interesting.push_back(i); if (5 * int(interesting.size()) < N) cout << -1 << '\n'; else output_vector(interesting, true); } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); int tests; cin >> tests; while (tests-- > 0) run_case(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; template <typename T> inline T read() { T f = 0, x = 0; char c = getchar(); while (!isdigit(c)) f = c == '-', c = getchar(); while (isdigit(c)) x = x * 10 + c - 48, c = getchar(); return f ? -x : x; } namespace run { const int N = 2e5 + 9; int head[N], nex[N], to[N], cnt; inline void add(int u, int v) { nex[++cnt] = head[u]; head[u] = cnt, to[cnt] = v; } int n, m, vis[N], peg, ins[N]; inline void dfs(int u) { vis[u] = ins[u] = 1; for (int i = head[u]; i; i = nex[i]) { if (!ins[to[i]] && vis[to[i]]) peg = 1; if (!vis[to[i]]) dfs(to[i]); } ins[u] = 0; } int dep[N], pos[N], a[N], g[N]; inline void pre(int u) { vis[u] = 1; for (int i = head[u]; i; i = nex[i]) { if (!vis[to[i]]) { dep[to[i]] = dep[u] + 1, pre(to[i]), a[u] += a[to[i]], pos[u] ^= pos[to[i]]; } else if (dep[to[i]] < dep[u]) a[u]++, a[to[i]]--, pos[u] ^= to[i], pos[to[i]] ^= to[i]; } } inline void get(int u) { vis[u] = 1; if (a[u] == 1 && g[pos[u]]) g[u] = 1; for (int i = head[u]; i; i = nex[i]) if (!vis[to[i]]) get(to[i]); } int main() { srand(1); int T = read<int>(); while (T--) { n = read<int>(), m = read<int>(), cnt = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) head[i] = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { int u = read<int>(), v = read<int>(); add(u, v); } int rt = -1; for (int t = 1; t <= 100; t++) { int x = ((rand() << 14) ^ rand()) % n + 1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) vis[i] = 0; peg = 0, dfs(x); if (!peg) { rt = x; break; } } if (rt == -1) { puts("-1"); continue; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) pos[i] = a[i] = vis[i] = 0; dep[rt] = 1, pre(rt); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) g[i] = vis[i] = 0; g[rt] = 1, get(rt); vector<int> tmp(0); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (g[i]) tmp.push_back(i); if (tmp.size() >= (n + 4) / 5) { sort(tmp.begin(), tmp.end()); for (int i = 0; i < tmp.size(); i++) printf("%d ", tmp[i]); puts(""); } else puts("-1"); } return 0; } } // namespace run int main() { return run::main(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int arr[n]; int arr1[m]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> arr[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> arr1[i]; } int num = -1; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (arr[i] == arr1[j]) { num = arr[i]; break; } } } if (num != -1) { cout << "YES" << endl; cout << "1 " << num << endl; } else cout << "NO" << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long int sumdigit(long long int num) { long long int sum = 0; while (num) { sum += num % 10; num /= 10; } return sum; } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); int test; cin >> test; while (test--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int a[n], b[m]; int dp1[1002] = {0}, dp2[1002] = {0}; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> a[i]; dp1[a[i]]++; } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> b[i]; dp2[b[i]]++; } bool ans = false; int value; for (int i = 0; i < 1002; i++) { if (dp1[i] > 0 && dp2[i] > 0) { ans = true; value = i; break; } } if (ans) { cout << "YES" << endl; cout << 1 << " " << value << endl; } else { cout << "NO" << endl; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1e6 + 1; long long int Mod = 998244353; int main() { std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL); int t = 1; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<int> hash(1001, 0); int x; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> x; hash[x]++; } int ans = -1; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> x; if (hash[x]) ans = x; } if (ans == -1) cout << "NO\n"; else cout << "YES \n1" << ' ' << ans << '\n'; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; bool vis[1005]; int arr[1005]; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> arr[i]; vis[arr[i]] = 1; } int ans = -1; int b; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> b; if (vis[b]) ans = b; } memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis)); if (ans == -1) cout << "NO" << endl; else cout << "YES\n1 " << ans << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1e3 + 7; int a[N], b[N]; void run() { int n, m; scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); unordered_set<int> mp; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { scanf("%d", a + i); mp.insert(a[i]); } for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) scanf("%d", b + i); for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) if (mp.find(b[i]) != mp.end()) { puts("YES"); printf("1 %d\n", b[i]); return; } puts("NO"); } int main() { int _; scanf("%d", &_); while (_--) run(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void solve() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int arr[n], brr[m]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> arr[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> brr[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (arr[i] == brr[j]) { cout << "YES" << '\n'; cout << 1 << " " << arr[i] << '\n'; return; } } } cout << "NO" << '\n'; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL); ; int t = 1; cin >> t; while (t--) solve(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { long long int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { long long int n, m; cin >> n >> m; long long int a[n]; for (long long int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> a[i]; long long int b[m]; for (long long int i = 0; i < m; i++) cin >> b[i]; long long int kk = 1000000000, flag = 0; for (long long int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (long long int j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (a[i] == b[j]) { if (a[i] < kk) kk = a[i]; flag = 1; } } } if (flag == 1) { cout << "YES" << endl; cout << "1 " << kk << endl; } else cout << "NO" << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { long long t; cin >> t; while (t > 0) { long long n, m; cin >> n >> m; unordered_set<long long> s; for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) { long long a; cin >> a; s.insert(a); } long long b; long long k; bool found = false; for (long long i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> b; if (s.find(b) != s.end()) { k = b; found = true; } } if (found) { cout << "YES" << endl; cout << 1 << " " << k << endl; } else { cout << "NO" << endl; } t--; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; typedef vector<int> vi; int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); cout.precision(10); cout << fixed; long long t; cin >> t; while (t--) { long long n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<long long> a(n), b(m); long long i, j; long long ans = 0; long long flag = 0; unordered_map<long long, long long> ump; for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); ++i) { cin >> a[i]; ump[a[i]]++; } for (int i = 0; i < (int)(m); ++i) { cin >> b[i]; if (ump.find(b[i]) != ump.end()) { ans = b[i]; flag = 1; } } if (flag) { cout << "YES\n"; cout << 1 << " " << ans << "\n"; } else { cout << "NO\n"; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { long long t, x, y, n, m, r[1001], s[1001]; cin >> t; while (t--) { cin >> x >> y; n = x; m = y; while (x) cin >> r[--x]; while (y) cin >> s[--y]; sort(r, r + n); sort(s, s + m); for (x = 0, y = 0; x < n && y < m;) { if (r[x] == s[y]) break; if (r[x] > s[y]) y++; else x++; } if (x < n && y < m) cout << "YES\n1 " << r[x] << endl; else cout << "NO\n"; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long gcd(long long a, long long b) { if (b == 0) return a; else return gcd(b, a % b); } unsigned long long factorial[1000004]; unsigned long long power(unsigned long long x, int y, int p) { unsigned long long res = 1; x = x % p; while (y > 0) { if (y & 1) res = (res * x) % p; y = y >> 1; x = (x * x) % p; } return res; } unsigned long long modInverse(unsigned long long n, int p) { return power(n, p - 2, p); } unsigned long long nc(unsigned long long n, int r, int p) { if (r == 0) return 1; return (factorial[n] * modInverse(factorial[r], p) % p * modInverse(factorial[n - r], p) % p) % p; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<int> a1(1001, 0); vector<int> b1(1001, 0); vector<int> a(1001), b(1001); for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> a[i + 1]; a1[a[i + 1]] = 1; } for (long long i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> b[i + 1]; b1[b[i + 1]] = 1; } int j = 0; int f = 0; for (long long i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { if ((a1[i + 1] != 0) && (b1[i + 1] != 0)) { f = 1; j = i + 1; break; } } if (f) { cout << "YES\n"; cout << "1 " << j << "\n"; } else { cout << "NO\n"; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast") #pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx,tune=native") using namespace std; long long n, m, a, b, c, k, temp, x, y; const int MAXN = 1e5 + 11; inline long long max(long long a, long long b) { return ((a > b) ? a : b); } inline long long min(long long a, long long b) { return ((a > b) ? b : a); } inline long long gcd(long long a, long long b) { if (b == 0) return a; a %= b; return gcd(b, a); } inline vector<long long> read(int n) { vector<long long> v(n); for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) cin >> v[i]; return v; } void solveforthiscase(const int& test) { cin >> n >> m; vector<long long> v = read(n); vector<long long> vv = read(m); set<int> s1, s2; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) s1.insert(v[i]); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) s2.insert(vv[i]); for (auto x : s1) { if (s2.count(x)) { cout << "YES\n"; cout << 1 << ' ' << x << '\n'; return; } } cout << "NO\n"; return; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL); clock_t start, end; start = clock(); int test = 1; cin >> test; for (int i = 1; i <= test; i++) solveforthiscase(i); end = clock(); long double t_t = (long double)(end - start) / (long double)(CLOCKS_PER_SEC); cerr << (long double)t_t * 1000 << " ms "; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); int t = 1; cin >> t; while (t--) { long long n, m; cin >> n >> m; set<long long> a, b; long long temp; for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> temp; a.insert(temp); } for (long long i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> temp; b.insert(temp); } int flag = 0; for (auto i : a) { if (b.find(i) != b.end()) { flag = i; break; } } if (flag) cout << "YES" << '\n' << 1 << " " << flag << '\n'; else cout << "NO" << '\n'; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MN = 1010; int vis[MN]; int main() { int T; scanf("%d", &T); while (T--) { memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis)); int n, m, fg = -1; scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { int t; scanf("%d", &t); if (!vis[t]) vis[t]++; } for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { int t; scanf("%d", &t); if (vis[t] == 1) { fg = t; vis[t]++; } } if (fg == -1) printf("NO\n"); else printf("YES\n1 %d\n", fg); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL); int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m, flag = 0; cin >> n >> m; int a[n], b[m]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> a[i]; } sort(a, a + n); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> b[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { if (binary_search(a, a + n, b[i])) { cout << "YES\n" << 1 << " " << b[i] << "\n"; flag = 1; break; } } if (flag == 0) cout << "NO\n"; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int m, n, f = 0, pos = 0; cin >> n >> m; int a[n], b[m]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> a[i]; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) cin >> b[i]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) if (a[i] == b[j]) { f = 1; pos = a[i]; break; } } if (f != 0) cout << "YES\n" << "1 " << pos << "\n"; else cout << "NO\n"; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long gcd(long long a, long long b) { if (a > b) { long long tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; } while (a) { long long tmp = b % a; b = a; a = tmp; } return b; } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(0); int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { long long n, m, i, j, k; cin >> n >> m; vector<long long> a(n), b(m), h1(1001, 0), h2(1001, 0); long long flag = 0; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> a[i]; h1[a[i]]++; } for (i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> b[i]; h2[b[i]]++; } long long val = -1; for (i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) { if (h1[i] && h2[i]) { flag = 1; val = i; break; } } if (flag) { cout << "YES" << endl; cout << 1 << " " << val << endl; } else cout << "NO" << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; inline void solve() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int vf[1005]; for (int i = 0; i <= 1000; i++) vf[i] = 0; int a, b; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) cin >> a, vf[a]++; bool ok = 0; int ok1; for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) { cin >> b; if (vf[b] > 0) { ok = 1; ok1 = b; } } if (ok == 1) { cout << "YES\n1 " << ok1 << "\n"; } else cout << "NO\n"; } int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { solve(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void test() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<int> a(n), b(m); for (auto &it : a) cin >> it; for (auto &it : b) cin >> it; vector<int> res; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (a[i] == b[j]) res.push_back(a[i]); } } if (res.size() == 0) { cout << "NO\n"; return; } else { cout << "YES\n"; cout << "1 " << res.front() << endl; return; } } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); int tc; cin >> tc; while (tc--) test(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { bool cnt = 0; set<int> x; int n, m, ans; cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int a; cin >> a; x.insert(a); } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int b; cin >> b; if (x.find(b) != x.end() && !cnt) { cnt = 1; ans = b; } } if (!cnt) { cout << "NO\n"; } else { cout << "YES\n"; cout << 1 << " " << ans << endl; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f; template <typename T> void read(T &first) { first = 0; char ch = getchar(); long long f = 1; while (!isdigit(ch)) { if (ch == '-') f *= -1; ch = getchar(); } while (isdigit(ch)) { first = first * 10 + ch - 48; ch = getchar(); } first *= f; } int z[2000]; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n; int m; cin >> n >> m; memset(z, 0, sizeof(z)); int a; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { scanf("%d", &a); z[a] = 1; } for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { scanf("%d", &a); if (z[a] == 1) z[a] = 2; } int judge = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 1200; i++) { if (z[i] > 1) { judge = i; break; } } if (judge == 0) cout << "NO" << endl; else { cout << "YES" << endl; printf("1 %d\n", judge); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int a[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> a[i]; int b[m]; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) cin >> b[i]; int freq[1000] = {0}; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (freq[a[i] - 1] == 0) freq[a[i] - 1] = 1; } int flag = 0; int el = 0; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { if (freq[b[i] - 1] == 1) { flag = 1; el = b[i]; } } if (flag == 0) cout << "NO" << endl; else cout << "YES" << endl << 1 << " " << el << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int tests(void); int tests() { int n, m; vector<int> v; set<int> s1; set<int> s2; cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int in; cin >> in; s1.insert(in); } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int in; cin >> in; s2.insert(in); } for (auto it = s1.begin(); it != s1.end(); it++) { v.push_back(*it); } for (auto it = s2.begin(); it != s2.end(); it++) { v.push_back(*it); } sort(v.begin(), v.end()); for (int i = 1; i < v.size(); i++) { if (v[i - 1] == v[i]) { cout << "YES" << "\n"; cout << '1' << " " << v[i] << "\n"; return 0; } } cout << "NO" << "\n"; return 0; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL); int test; cin >> test; while (test--) { tests(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; set<int> a; for (__typeof(n) i = (0) - ((0) > (n)); i != (n) - ((0) > (n)); i += 1 - 2 * ((0) > (n))) { int x; cin >> x; a.insert(x); } int brr[m]; int ans = -1; for (__typeof(m) i = (0) - ((0) > (m)); i != (m) - ((0) > (m)); i += 1 - 2 * ((0) > (m))) { cin >> brr[i]; if (a.find(brr[i]) != a.end()) { ans = brr[i]; } } if (ans == -1) { cout << "NO" << '\n'; } else { cout << "YES" << '\n'; cout << 1 << " " << ans << '\n'; } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { long long int t, n, m, i, j, flag; cin >> t; while (t--) { cin >> n >> m; flag = 0; vector<long long int> N(n), M(m); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> N[i]; for (i = 0; i < m; i++) cin >> M[i]; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (N[i] == M[j]) { flag = 1; break; } } if (flag == 1) break; } if (flag == 1) { cout << "YES\n"; cout << 1 << " " << N[i] << "\n"; } else cout << "NO\n"; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); long long t, n, m, i; cin >> t; while (t--) { cin >> n >> m; long long a[n]; long long b[m]; long long flag = 0, ans; map<long long, long long> m1; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> a[i]; m1[a[i]] = 1; } for (i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> b[i]; if (m1.find(b[i]) != m1.end() && flag == 0) { ans = b[i]; flag = 1; } } if (flag == 1) cout << "YES" << "\n" << "1 " << ans << "\n"; else cout << "NO" << "\n"; } cerr << (1000 * clock()) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "ms"; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void Solve() { int n, m, b[1000], a[1000]; bool f[10000]; memset(f, 0, sizeof(f)); cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) cin >> a[i]; for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { cin >> b[i]; f[b[i]] = 1; } for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) if (f[a[i]]) { cout << "YES" << endl; cout << 1 << " " << a[i] << endl; return; } cout << "NO" << endl; } int main() { int q; cin >> q; while (q--) Solve(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; unordered_set<int> st; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int x; cin >> x; st.insert(x); } bool flag = true; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int x; cin >> x; if (st.find(x) != st.end() and flag) { flag = false; cout << "YES" << endl << 1 << " " << x << endl; } } if (flag) { cout << "NO" << endl; } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long power(long long x, long long y, long long mod) { long long res = 1; while (y) { if (y & 1) res = (res * x) % mod; y = y >> 1; x = (x * x) % mod; } return res; } long long modInverse(long long a, long long m) { long long m0 = m; long long y = 0, x = 1; if (m == 1) return 0; while (a > 1) { long long q = a / m; long long t = m; m = a % m, a = t; t = y; y = x - q * y; x = t; } if (x < 0) x += m0; return x; } long long binomial(long long n, long long k) { long long res = 1; if (k > n - k) k = n - k; for (long long i = 0; i < k; ++i) { res *= (n - i); res /= (i + 1); } return res; } void doper() {} int32_t main() { doper(); ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0); long long T; cin >> T; while (T--) { long long n, m, x; cin >> n >> m; map<long long, long long> mp; while (n--) { cin >> x; mp[x]++; } long long ans, f = 0; while (m--) { cin >> x; if (mp[x]) { f = 1; ans = x; } } if (f) { cout << "YES\n"; cout << 1 << " " << ans; cout << "\n"; ; } else cout << "NO\n"; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void solve() { long long n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<long long> a(n), b(m); for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> a[i]; for (long long i = 0; i < m; i++) cin >> b[i]; vector<long long>::iterator it; for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) { it = find(b.begin(), b.end(), a[i]); if (it != b.end()) { cout << "YES" << endl; cout << 1 << " " << a[i] << endl; return; } else continue; } cout << "NO" << endl; } int main() { long long tt; cin >> tt; while (tt--) solve(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { long long t; cin >> t; while (t--) { long long n, i, m, A[1000], B[1000], note, f = 0; cin >> n >> m; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> A[i]; } for (i = 0; i < m; i++) cin >> B[i]; sort(B, B + m); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (binary_search(B, B + m, A[i])) { note = A[i]; f = 1; break; } } if (f == 0) cout << "NO"; else { cout << "YES\n"; cout << "1 " << note; } cout << "\n"; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); long long t; cin >> t; while (t--) { long long n, m; cin >> n >> m; set<long long> s; long long temp; long long ans = -1; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> temp; s.insert(temp); } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> temp; if (s.count(temp) && ans == -1) { ans = temp; } } if (ans != -1) { cout << "YES" << endl << 1 << " " << ans << endl; } else { cout << "NO" << endl; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; unsigned long long int INF = 10000; class Compare { public: bool operator()(const pair<long long int, long long int> p1, const pair<long long int, long long int> p2) { if (p1.first > p2.first) return true; else if (p1.first == p2.first) { if (p1.second < p2.second) return true; } return false; } }; int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); long long int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { map<long long int, long long int> m1; map<long long int, long long int> m2; long long int n, m, flag = 0, ans; cin >> n >> m; long long int a[n], b[m]; for (long long int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> a[i]; m1[a[i]]++; } for (long long int i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> b[i]; m2[b[i]]++; if (m1[b[i]] > 0) { ans = b[i]; flag = 1; } } if (flag) { cout << "YES" << endl << "1 " << ans << endl; } else cout << "NO" << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void fast() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(NULL); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); } void online_judge() { freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin); freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout); } const int flag_max = 0x3f3f3f3f; const long long OO = 1e9 + 9; const double EPS = (1e-7); int dcmp(double x, double y) { return fabs(x - y) <= EPS ? 0 : x < y ? -1 : 1; } long long gcd(long long a, long long b) { return !b ? a : gcd(b, a % b); } long long lcm(long long a, long long b) { return (a / gcd(a, b)) * b; } int main() { fast(); int testcase; cin >> testcase; while (testcase--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int firstarr[n]; int secondarr[m]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> firstarr[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> secondarr[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (firstarr[i] == secondarr[j]) { cout << "YES\n"; cout << 1 << ' ' << firstarr[i] << '\n'; goto nex; } } } cout << "NO\n"; nex: continue; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int read() { int ans = 0, sign = 1; char ch = getchar(); while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') { if (ch == '-') sign = -1; ch = getchar(); } while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') { ans = (ans << 1) + (ans << 3) + (ch ^ 48); ch = getchar(); } return ans * sign; } long long gcd(long long x, long long y) { return y == 0 ? x : (gcd(y, x % y)); } int main() { int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int num[1005]; memset(num, 0, sizeof(num)); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int x; cin >> x; if (!num[x]) num[x]++; } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int x; cin >> x; if (num[x]) num[x]++; } bool flag = 1; for (int i = 0; i < 1005; i++) { if (num[i] >= 2) { cout << "YES" << '\n' << 1 << " " << i << '\n'; flag = 0; break; } } if (flag) cout << "NO" << '\n'; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); long long int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<int> v1(n), v2(m); vector<int> v; for (auto &x : v1) cin >> x; for (auto &x : v2) cin >> x; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (v1[i] == v2[j]) v.push_back(v1[i]); } if (v.size()) { cout << "Yes" << '\n'; cout << 1 << " " << v[0] << '\n'; } else cout << "No" << '\n'; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { int t, n, m; cin >> t; for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) { cin >> n >> m; int a[1001] = {}, b[1001] = {}, p; for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { cin >> p; a[p]++; } for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { cin >> p; b[p]++; } for (int j = 1; j <= 1000; j++) { if (a[j] > 0 && b[j] > 0) { cout << "YES" << endl << 1 << " " << j << endl; break; } if (j == 1000) cout << "NO" << endl; } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> #pragma comment(linker, "/stack:200000000") #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast") #pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx,tune=native") using namespace std; int main() { std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cin.exceptions(cin.failbit); int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { long long int t, n, i, j, x, y, m, l, d, k; cin >> n >> m; vector<int> a(n), b(m); for (i = 0; i < (n); ++i) cin >> a[i]; for (i = 0; i < (m); ++i) cin >> b[i]; for (i = 0; i < (n); ++i) { for (j = 0; j < (m); ++j) { if (a[i] == b[j]) { cout << "YES" << "\n" << 1 << " " << a[i] << "\n"; x = 1; break; } } if (x == 1) break; } if (x == 0) cout << "NO" << "\n"; else x = 0; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void solve() { long long n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector<long long> v(1001, 0); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { long long input; cin >> input; v[input]++; } long long ans = 0; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { long long input; cin >> input; if (v[input] != 0) ans = input; } if (ans == 0) cout << "NO" << "\n"; else { cout << "YES" << "\n" << 1 << " " << ans << "\n"; } } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); ; int tt = 1; cin >> tt; while (tt--) { solve(); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int a[n], b[m]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> a[i]; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) cin >> b[i]; int ans = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (b[j] == a[i]) { ans = a[i]; break; } } if (ans != 0) break; } if (ans == 0) cout << "NO" << '\n'; else { cout << "YES" << '\n'; cout << 1 << " " << ans << '\n'; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int t, n, m, a[1005], b[1005], ans; bool c[1005], lol; int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); cin >> t; while (t--) { lol = false; fill(c, c + 1005, false); cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { cin >> a[i]; c[a[i]] = true; } for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { cin >> b[i]; if (c[b[i]] == true) { ans = b[i]; lol = true; } } if (lol == true) cout << "YES\n1 " << ans << "\n"; else cout << "NO\n"; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); const int MOD = 1e9 + 7, MAX = 1e6 + 5; const long long INF = 1e18 + 5; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; set<int> S; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int x; cin >> x; S.insert(x); } int ans = -1; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int x; cin >> x; if (S.count(x)) { ans = x; } } if (ans != -1) { cout << "YES" << endl; cout << 1 << " " << ans << endl; } else cout << "NO" << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) { std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(12); cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL); int t; cin >> t; for (int k = 0; k < t; k++) { vector<bool> nums(1010, 0); int n, m; cin >> n >> m; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int aux; cin >> aux; nums[aux] = 1; } bool ok = false; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int aux; cin >> aux; if (nums[aux] and !ok) { cout << "YES" << '\n'; cout << 1 << ' ' << aux << '\n'; ok = true; } } if (!ok) cout << "NO" << '\n'; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long const MAXN = 2e5 + 10; long long n, m, T, a[MAXN], b[MAXN]; signed main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cin >> T; while (T--) { long long m; cin >> n >> m; for (long long i = 1; i <= n; ++i) cin >> a[i]; for (long long i = 1; i <= m; ++i) cin >> b[i]; long long flg = 0; for (long long i = 1; i <= n; ++i) for (long long j = 1; j <= m; ++j) if (a[i] == b[j]) flg = a[i]; if (!flg) cout << "NO\n"; else { cout << "YES\n"; cout << 1 << " " << flg << endl; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1010, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f; int f[N]; int main() { int T; scanf("%d", &T); while (T--) { int n, m, res = INF, flag = 0; int a[N], b[N]; scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); memset(f, 0, sizeof f); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { scanf("%d", &a[i]); f[a[i]] = 1; } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { scanf("%d", &b[i]); if (f[b[i]] == 1 && b[i] < res) { res = b[i]; flag = 1; } } if (flag) printf("YES\n1 %d\n", res); else puts("NO"); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int a[n], b[m]; int flag = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> a[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> b[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (a[i] == b[j]) { flag = 1; cout << "YES" << endl; cout << 1 << " " << a[i] << endl; break; } } if (flag == 1) break; } if (flag == 0) cout << "NO" << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void __print(int x) { cerr << x; } void __print(long x) { cerr << x; } void __print(long long x) { cerr << x; } void __print(unsigned x) { cerr << x; } void __print(unsigned long x) { cerr << x; } void __print(unsigned long long x) { cerr << x; } void __print(float x) { cerr << x; } void __print(double x) { cerr << x; } void __print(long double x) { cerr << x; } void __print(char x) { cerr << '\'' << x << '\''; } void __print(const char *x) { cerr << '\"' << x << '\"'; } void __print(const string &x) { cerr << '\"' << x << '\"'; } void __print(bool x) { cerr << (x ? "true" : "false"); } template <typename T, typename V> void __print(const pair<T, V> &x) { cerr << '{'; __print(x.first); cerr << ','; __print(x.second); cerr << '}'; } template <typename T> void __print(const T &x) { int f = 0; cerr << '{'; for (auto &i : x) cerr << (f++ ? "," : ""), __print(i); cerr << "}"; } void _print() { cerr << "]\n"; } template <typename T, typename... V> void _print(T t, V... v) { __print(t); if (sizeof...(v)) cerr << ", "; _print(v...); } int main() { int tc; cin >> tc; while (tc--) { vector<int> arr, ar, c; int n, m; cin >> n >> m; arr.resize(n); ar.resize(m); for (auto &i : arr) cin >> i; for (auto &i : ar) cin >> i; sort(arr.begin(), arr.end()); vector<int> v(arr.size() + ar.size()); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (arr[i] == ar[j]) { c.push_back(arr[i]); break; } } } if (c.size() == 0) cout << "NO\n"; else cout << "YES\n" << 1 << " " << c[0] << "\n"; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { long long t; cin >> t; while (t--) { long long n, m, flag = 0; cin >> n >> m; long long a[n], b[m]; vector<long long> c; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> a[i]; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) cin >> b[i]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (a[i] == b[j]) { c.push_back(a[i]); flag = 1; break; } } } if (flag == 1) { cout << "YES\n"; cout << "1" << " " << c[0] << "\n"; } else cout << "NO\n"; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n, m, pos; int i; int count1 = 0, count2 = 0; int arr1[1001], arr2[1001]; unordered_set<int> s1; cin >> n; cin >> m; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> arr1[i]; s1.insert(arr1[i]); } for (i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> arr2[i]; if (s1.find(arr2[i]) != s1.end()) { count1++; pos = i; } } if (count1 > 0) { cout << "YES" << "\n"; cout << 1 << " " << arr2[pos] << "\n"; } else cout << "NO" << "\n"; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long t; long long n, m; void Solves() { cin >> t; while (t--) { cin >> n >> m; long long a[n + 5], b[m + 5], ans = 0; map<long long, long long> Count; long long result; for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> a[i]; Count[a[i]]++; } for (long long i = 0; i < m; i++) { cin >> b[i]; if (Count[b[i]] > 0) { ans = 1; result = b[i]; } } if (ans != 0) { cout << "YES" << endl; cout << ans << " " << result << endl; } else cout << "NO" << endl; } } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); ; Solves(); return 0; }