text
stringlengths
49
983k
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAX = 1010; const int MAXN = 1e4 + 10; const int MOD = 1e9 + 7; const int inf = 1e9; const double pi = acos(-1.0); const double eps = 1e-6; int f[MAX]; vector<pair<int, int> > a; int findSet(int u) { return f[u] = (u == f[u] ? f[u] : findSet(f[u])); } int Union(int u, int v) { u = findSet(u); v = findSet(v); if (u != v) { f[v] = u; return 1; } return 0; } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int n, u, v; cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) f[i] = i; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> u >> v; if (!Union(u, v)) a.push_back(make_pair(u, v)); } cout << a.size() << endl; u = 1; while (u <= n && f[u] != u) u++; v = u + 1; for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) { while (v <= n && f[v] != v) v++; cout << a[i].first << " " << a[i].second << " " << u << " " << v++ << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long int nodes_size; long long int edge_size; class edge { public: long long int node; long long int cost; edge(long long int i, long long int j) { node = i; cost = j; } }; class graph { public: long long int node; vector<edge> edges; long long int parent; long long int cost; vector<long long int> children; } nodes[1005]; long long int visited[1005]; class point { public: long long int x; long long int y; point() {} point(long long int i, long long int j) { x = i; y = j; } }; void fill_array(long long int ar[], long long int value, long long int size) { for (long long int i = 0; i < size; i++) ar[i] = value; } void print_ll_vector(vector<long long int> v) { for (long long int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) cout << v[i] << " "; cout << endl; } void input_graph(bool is_undirected, bool is_cost) { cin >> nodes_size; edge_size = nodes_size - 1; for (long long int i = 0; i < edge_size; i++) { long long int a, b, c; cin >> a >> b; if (is_cost) { cin >> c; nodes[a].edges.push_back(edge(b, c)); if (is_undirected) nodes[b].edges.push_back(edge(a, c)); } else { nodes[a].edges.push_back(edge(b, 1)); if (is_undirected) nodes[b].edges.push_back(edge(a, 1)); } } } vector<pair<long long int, long long int> > destroyed_edges; long long int ctr = 0, c; vector<long long int> ans; void dfs(long long int node, long long int parent) { visited[node] = 1; for (long long int i = 0; i < nodes[node].edges.size(); i++) { if (nodes[node].edges[i].node != parent) { if (visited[nodes[node].edges[i].node]) { if (node > nodes[node].edges[i].node) { if (c > 0 || ctr == 1) { destroyed_edges.push_back( make_pair(node, nodes[node].edges[i].node)); c++; } else { c++; ans.push_back(node); ans.push_back(nodes[node].edges[i].node); } } } else dfs(nodes[node].edges[i].node, node); } } } vector<long long int> new_edges; int main() { input_graph(true, false); fill_array(visited, 0, nodes_size + 1); for (long long int i = 1; i <= nodes_size; i++) { if (!visited[i]) { c = 0; ctr++; dfs(i, -1); if (c == 0 && i != 1) new_edges.push_back(i); } } cout << (ans.size() / 2) + new_edges.size() << endl; for (long long int i = 0; i < ans.size();) { cout << ans[i] << " " << ans[i + 1] << " " << ans[i] << " " << 1 << endl; i = i + 2; } for (long long int i = 0; i < new_edges.size(); i++) cout << destroyed_edges[i].first << " " << destroyed_edges[i].second << " " << destroyed_edges[i].first << " " << new_edges[i] << endl; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void init(vector<int> &parent, int n) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) parent[i] = i; } int root(vector<int> &parent, int x) { while (parent[x] != x) x = parent[parent[x]]; return x; } bool find(vector<int> &parent, int x, int y) { if (root(parent, x) == root(parent, y)) return true; return false; } void dsu_union(vector<int> &parent, vector<int> &size, int x, int y) { int rx = root(parent, x), ry = root(parent, y); if (size[ry] < size[ry]) swap(rx, ry); size[rx] += size[ry]; parent[ry] = parent[rx]; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); int n, x, y, days = 0; cin >> n; vector<int> parent(n + 1), size(n + 1, 1); queue<pair<int, int>> unused; init(parent, n); for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { cin >> x >> y; if (find(parent, x, y)) unused.push({x, y}); else dsu_union(parent, size, x, y); } int beg = 1; while (parent[beg] != beg) beg++; vector<pair<int, int>> roads; for (int i = beg + 1; i <= n; i++) { if (parent[i] != i) continue; days++; roads.push_back(unused.front()); roads.push_back({beg, i}); unused.pop(); } cout << days << "\n"; for (int i = 0; i < roads.size(); i += 2) cout << roads[i].first << " " << roads[i].second << " " << roads[i + 1].first << " " << roads[i + 1].second << "\n"; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int p[1005]; int ff(int x) { return p[x] == x ? p[x] : p[x] = ff(p[x]); } void uni(int u, int v) { p[ff(u)] = p[ff(v)]; } int main() { int n, i, a, b; cin >> n; for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) p[i] = i; vector<pair<int, int> > arr; vector<int> q; for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) { cin >> a >> b; if (ff(a) == ff(b)) arr.push_back(make_pair(a, b)); else uni(a, b); } for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (ff(i) == i) q.push_back(i); cout << q.size() - 1 << endl; for (i = 1; i < (int)q.size(); ++i) printf("%d %d %d %d ", arr[i - 1].first, arr[i - 1].second, q[i - 1], q[i]); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; vector<vector<int> > g; vector<pair<pair<int, int>, pair<int, int> > > res; int was[1010], was1[1010]; int k = -1; int comp[1010]; int d[1010][1010]; int n; void dfs(int v) { if (was[v] != -1) return; was[v] = k; for (int i = (0); i < (g[v].size()); ++i) dfs(g[v][i]); } void dfs1(int v1, int v2) { if (was1[v1] == 0) { if ((d[v2][v1] == 1) && (d[v1][v2] == 1)) return; else { res.push_back(make_pair(make_pair(v2, v1), make_pair(0, 0))); return; } } if (was1[v1] == 1) return; was1[v1] = 0; for (int i = (0); i < (g[v1].size()); ++i) { d[v1][g[v1][i]] = 1; dfs1(g[v1][i], v1); } was1[v1] = 1; } int main() { scanf("%d", &n); g.resize(n); memset(was, -1, sizeof(was)); memset(comp, -1, sizeof(comp)); memset(d, 0, sizeof(d)); for (int i = (0); i < (n - 1); ++i) { int a1, b1; scanf("%d%d", &a1, &b1); g[a1 - 1].push_back(b1 - 1); g[b1 - 1].push_back(a1 - 1); } for (int i = (0); i < (n); ++i) { if (was[i] == -1) { k++; comp[k] = i; dfs(i); } } memset(was1, -1, sizeof(was1)); for (int i = (0); i < (n); ++i) if (was1[i] == -1) dfs1(i, -1); for (int i = (0); i < (res.size()); ++i) { res[i].second.first = comp[i]; res[i].second.second = comp[i + 1]; } printf("%d\n", res.size()); for (int i = (0); i < (res.size()); ++i) printf("%d %d %d %d\n", res[i].first.first + 1, res[i].first.second + 1, res[i].second.first + 1, res[i].second.second + 1); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAXN = 1000 + 5; int n, u[MAXN], v[MAXN], parent[MAXN]; void init() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { parent[i] = i; } } int find(int x) { if (x == parent[x]) { return x; } return parent[x] = find(parent[x]); } void combine(int x, int y) { parent[find(x)] = find(y); } int main() { scanf("%d", &n); init(); vector<int> rm; for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { scanf("%d%d", &u[i], &v[i]); if (find(u[i]) != find(v[i])) { combine(u[i], v[i]); } else { rm.push_back(i); } } vector<pair<pair<int, int>, pair<int, int>>> ans; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) { if (find(i) != find(j)) { int idx = *rm.rbegin(); rm.pop_back(); ans.push_back({{u[idx], v[idx]}, {i, j}}); combine(i, j); } } } printf("%d\n", (int)ans.size()); for (auto& a : ans) { printf("%d %d %d %d\n", a.first.first, a.first.second, a.second.first, a.second.second); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> #pragma warning(disable : 4996) struct Edge { unsigned long a, b, x, y; Edge() {} Edge(const unsigned long _a, const unsigned long _b, const unsigned long _x, const unsigned long _y) : a(_a), b(_b), x(_x), y(_y) {} }; bool FindNonZero(const std::vector<unsigned long>& be, unsigned long& idx) { bool bUnvisitedFound = false; idx = 0; for (unsigned long i = 0; i < be.size() && !bUnvisitedFound; i++) { if (!be[i]) { idx = i; bUnvisitedFound = true; } } return bUnvisitedFound; } bool FindLoop(std::vector<std::set<unsigned long> >& links, std::vector<unsigned long>& be, const unsigned long idx, unsigned long& loopA, unsigned long& loopB) { const std::set<unsigned long>& link = links[idx]; be[idx] = true; loopA = idx; while (!link.empty()) { for (std::set<unsigned long>::const_iterator p = link.begin(); p != link.end(); ++p) { const unsigned long next = *p; if (be[next]) { loopA = idx; loopB = next; return true; } else { links[idx].erase(next); links[next].erase(idx); if (FindLoop(links, be, next, loopA, loopB)) { return true; } else { break; } } } } return false; } void MarkComp(const std::vector<std::set<unsigned long> >& links, std::vector<unsigned long>& be, const unsigned long idx) { const std::set<unsigned long>& link = links[idx]; be[idx] = true; for (std::set<unsigned long>::const_iterator p = link.begin(); p != link.end(); p++) { const unsigned long next = *p; if (!be[next]) { MarkComp(links, be, next); } } } int main() { size_t n; std::cin >> n; std::vector<std::set<unsigned long> > links(n); for (size_t i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { unsigned long a, b; std::cin >> a >> b; a--; b--; links[a].insert(b); links[b].insert(a); } std::vector<Edge> ans; bool bFinished = false; while (!bFinished) { std::vector<unsigned long> be(n); unsigned long loopA = 0, loopB = 0; std::vector<std::set<unsigned long> > links_tmp(links); unsigned long startIdx; bool bLoopFound = false; { std::vector<unsigned long> be_local(n); while (FindNonZero(be_local, startIdx) && !bLoopFound) { if (FindLoop(links_tmp, be_local, startIdx, loopA, loopB)) { bLoopFound = true; } } } if (bLoopFound) { MarkComp(links, be, loopA); unsigned long nonzeroIdx = 0; if (FindNonZero(be, nonzeroIdx)) { MarkComp(links, be, nonzeroIdx); links[loopA].erase(loopB); links[loopB].erase(loopA); links[loopA].insert(nonzeroIdx); links[nonzeroIdx].insert(loopA); ans.push_back(Edge(loopA, loopB, nonzeroIdx, loopA)); } } else { bFinished = true; } } std::cout << ans.size() << std::endl; for (size_t i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) { const Edge& edge = ans[i]; std::cout << (edge.a + 1) << ' '; std::cout << (edge.b + 1) << ' '; std::cout << (edge.x + 1) << ' '; std::cout << (edge.y + 1) << std::endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void dsu_make(int node, vector<int> &pt, vector<int> &ht) { pt[node] = node; ht[node] = 0; } int dsu_find(int node, vector<int> &pt) { if (node == pt[node]) return node; pt[node] = dsu_find(pt[node], pt); return pt[node]; } void dsu_union(int n1, int n2, vector<int> &pt, vector<int> &ht) { n1 = dsu_find(n1, pt); n2 = dsu_find(n2, pt); if (ht[n1] > ht[n2]) pt[n2] = n1; else pt[n1] = n2; if (ht[n1] == ht[n2]) ht[n2]++; } int main() { int n, t1, t2; cin >> n; vector<int> pt(n, 0), ht(n, 0); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) dsu_make(i, pt, ht); vector<pair<int, int>> edge, edge2; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> t1 >> t2; t1--; t2--; if (dsu_find(t1, pt) == dsu_find(t2, pt)) edge.push_back(make_pair(t1, t2)); else dsu_union(t1, t2, pt, ht); } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) t1 = dsu_find(i, pt); set<int> s; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { s.insert(pt[i]); } while (s.size() > 1) { t1 = *(s.begin()); s.erase(t1); t2 = *(s.begin()); edge2.push_back(make_pair(t1, t2)); } cout << edge.size() << "\n"; for (int i = 0; i < edge.size(); i++) cout << edge[i].first + 1 << " " << edge[i].second + 1 << " " << edge2[i].first + 1 << " " << edge2[i].second + 1 << "\n"; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void make_set(int v, int parent[], int r[]) { parent[v] = v; r[v] = 0; } int find_set(int v, int parent[]) { if (parent[v] == v) { return v; } return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v], parent); } void make_pair(int a, int b, int parent[], int r[]) { int pa = find_set(a, parent); int pb = find_set(b, parent); if (r[pa] < r[pb]) { swap(pa, pb); } parent[pb] = pa; r[pa] = r[pa] + r[pb]; } int main() { int t; cin >> t; int parent[t]; int r[t]; int k = t; for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) { make_set(i, parent, r); } int y[t], z[t]; int counter = 0; t--; while (t--) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; if (find_set(a - 1, parent) != find_set(b - 1, parent)) { make_pair(a - 1, b - 1, parent, r); } else { y[counter] = a; z[counter] = b; counter++; } } counter--; if (counter == -1) { cout << 0; return 0; } cout << counter + 1 << endl; for (int i = 1; i < k; i++) { if (find_set(i, parent) != find_set(0, parent)) { cout << y[counter] << " " << z[counter] << " " << i + 1 << " " << 1 << endl; counter--; make_pair(i, 0, parent, r); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> int dx[] = {0, -1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1}; int dy[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 1}; const int N = 3e5 + 5, oo = 1e9, mod = 1e9 + 7; const double pi = acos(-1); using namespace std; vector<int> g[N]; set<pair<int, int>> edges; map<int, int> comp; map<int, vector<int>> mp; int scc; bool vis[N]; void dfs(int node, int par) { vis[node] = true; comp[node] = scc; mp[scc].push_back(node); for (auto child : g[node]) { if (!vis[child]) dfs(child, node); else if (child != par) { if (node > child) edges.insert({child, node}); else edges.insert({node, child}); } } } int main() { int n; cin >> n; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; g[u].push_back(v); g[v].push_back(u); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (!vis[i]) { scc++; dfs(i, 0); } } cout << (int)(edges).size() << '\n'; set<int> st, used; for (int i = 1; i <= scc; i++) st.insert(i); for (auto it : edges) { cout << it.first << ' ' << it.second << ' '; if (st.find(comp[it.first]) != st.end()) st.erase(comp[it.first]); if (used.find(comp[it.first]) != used.end() || used.empty()) { auto i = st.begin(); cout << it.first << ' ' << mp[*i].back() << '\n'; st.erase(i); used.insert(*i); used.insert(comp[it.first]); } else { auto i = used.begin(); cout << it.first << ' ' << mp[*i].back() << '\n'; used.insert(comp[it.first]); st.erase(comp[it.first]); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int pa[30010]; void init(int n) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { pa[i] = i; } } int finds(int x) { if (x == pa[x]) return x; else return pa[x] = finds(pa[x]); } void unions(int x, int y) { int u = finds(x), v = finds(y); pa[u] = v; } bool issameset(int i, int j) { int u = finds(i), v = finds(j); return u == v; } int main() { int n; cin >> n; init(n); vector<pair<int, int> > par; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; if (issameset(u, v)) { par.push_back(pair<int, int>(u, v)); } else { unions(u, v); } } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { int r = finds(i); } int ant = -1, j = 0; ; cout << par.size() << endl; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i == pa[i]) { if (ant == -1) ant = i; else { cout << par[j].first << " " << par[j].second << " " << ant << " " << i << endl; j++; ant = i; } } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long gcd(long long a, long long b) { return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b); } long long lcm(long long a, long long b) { return (a * b) / gcd(a, b); } const int N = 100001; int sz[N], p[N]; vector<int> cycles; void initialize() { iota(p, p + N, 0); fill(sz, sz + N, 1); } int FindParent(int u) { return p[u] = (p[u] == u ? u : FindParent(p[u])); } void Union(int u, int v) { u = FindParent(u); v = FindParent(v); if (u == v) return; if (sz[v] < sz[u]) swap(u, v); p[u] = v; sz[v] += sz[u]; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); ; initialize(); int n; cin >> n; int t = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; if (FindParent(a) != FindParent(b)) Union(a, b); else cycles.push_back(a), cycles.push_back(b); } set<int> a; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { a.insert(FindParent(i)); } cout << a.size() - 1 << '\n'; int z = 0; vector<int> b; for (auto l : a) b.push_back(l); for (int i = 0; i < b.size() - 1; ++i) { cout << cycles[z] << " " << cycles[z + 1] << " " << FindParent(b[i]) << " " << FindParent(b[i + 1]) << '\n'; z += 2; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; vector<vector<int> > e; set<pair<int, int> > s; vector<int> v; void DFS(int x) { v[x] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < e[x].size(); i++) if (!v[e[x][i]]) { s.insert({x, e[x][i]}); DFS(e[x][i]); } } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); int n; vector<int> pr; vector<pair<int, int> > un; cin >> n; e.resize(n); v.resize(n); vector<pair<int, int> > lst(n - 1); for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { cin >> lst[i].first >> lst[i].second; lst[i].first--; lst[i].second--; e[lst[i].first].push_back(lst[i].second); e[lst[i].second].push_back(lst[i].first); } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!v[i]) { DFS(i); pr.push_back(i); } for (auto paar : lst) if (s.find(paar) == s.end() && s.find({paar.second, paar.first}) == s.end()) un.push_back(paar); cout << pr.size() - 1 << endl; for (int i = 0; i < pr.size() - 1; i++) cout << un[i].first + 1 << " " << un[i].second + 1 << " " << pr[i] + 1 << " " << pr[i + 1] + 1 << endl; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, m, bad[999], w[1000], p[1000], cnt; vector<int> c; vector<pair<int, int>> d[1000], br, bu; void dfs(int v, int p) { w[v] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < d[v].size(); ++i) { if (d[v][i].second == p) continue; if (w[d[v][i].second]) { if (!bad[d[v][i].first] && !bad[d[v][i].first + (d[v][i].first & 1 ? -1 : 1)]) { bad[d[v][i].first] = 1; br.push_back(make_pair((d[v][i].first & 1 ? d[v][i].second : v), (d[v][i].first & 1 ? v : d[v][i].second))); } } else dfs(d[v][i].second, v); } } void dfs2(int v) { w[v] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < d[v].size(); ++i) { if (!w[d[v][i].second]) dfs2(d[v][i].second); } } int main() { scanf("%d", &n); for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { int f, t; scanf("%d%d", &f, &t); --f; --t; d[f].push_back(make_pair(2 * i, t)); d[t].push_back(make_pair(2 * i + 1, f)); } for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) if (!w[i]) dfs(i, -1); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) w[i] = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if (!w[i]) { c.push_back(i); dfs2(i); } } for (int i = 1; i < c.size(); ++i) bu.push_back(make_pair(c[i], c[i - 1])); printf("%d\n", bu.size()); for (int i = 0; i < bu.size(); ++i) printf("%d %d %d %d\n", br[i].first + 1, br[i].second + 1, bu[i].first + 1, bu[i].second + 1); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void fast() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); } vector<long long int> parent(1005), rnk(1005); void init() { for (long long int i = 0; i < 1005; i++) { parent[i] = i; rnk[i] = 0; } } long long int find_dsu(long long int node) { if (node != parent[node]) parent[node] = find_dsu(parent[node]); return parent[node]; } void union_dsu(long long int u, long long int v) { long long int a = find_dsu(u); long long int b = find_dsu(v); if (a == b) return; if (rnk[a] < rnk[b]) swap(a, b); parent[b] = a; if (rnk[a] == rnk[b]) rnk[a]++; } int main() { fast(); init(); long long int n; cin >> n; vector<pair<long long int, long long int> > extra, build; for (long long int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { long long int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--; v--; if (find_dsu(u) != find_dsu(v)) union_dsu(u, v); else extra.push_back(make_pair(u, v)); } for (long long int i = 1; i < n; i++) { if (find_dsu(i) != find_dsu(0)) { union_dsu(i, 0); build.push_back(make_pair(0, i)); } } cout << extra.size() << endl; for (long long int i = 0; i < extra.size(); i++) cout << extra[i].first + 1 << " " << extra[i].second + 1 << " " << build[i].first + 1 << " " << build[i].second + 1 << endl; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; map<int, bool> is_visited; int par[100100]; vector<pair<int, int>> globe; map<pair<int, int>, bool> in_globe; void addEdge(vector<int> adj[], int u, int v) { adj[u].push_back(v); adj[v].push_back(u); } void dfs(vector<int> adj[], int u) { is_visited[u] = true; for (auto v : adj[u]) { if (is_visited[v] and par[u] != v and !in_globe[make_pair(u, v)]) { globe.push_back(make_pair(u, v)); in_globe[make_pair(u, v)] = true; in_globe[make_pair(v, u)] = true; } if (!is_visited[v]) { par[v] = u; dfs(adj, v); } } } int main() { int n; cin >> n; vector<int> adj[n + 2]; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; addEdge(adj, u, v); } vector<int> vec; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (!is_visited[i]) { vec.push_back(i); dfs(adj, i); } } cout << globe.size() << endl; for (int i = 0; i < globe.size(); i++) { cout << globe[i].first << " " << globe[i].second << " " << vec[i] << " " << vec[i + 1] << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void make_set(int v, int parent[], int r[]) { parent[v] = v; r[v] = 0; } int find_set(int v, int parent[]) { if (parent[v] == v) { return v; } return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v], parent); } void make_pair(int a, int b, int parent[], int r[]) { int pa = find_set(a, parent); int pb = find_set(b, parent); if (r[pa] < r[pb]) { swap(pa, pb); } parent[pb] = pa; r[pa] = r[pa] + r[pb]; } int main() { int t; cin >> t; int parent[1000]; int r[1000]; int k = t; for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) { make_set(i, parent, r); } vector<int> y, z; t--; while (t--) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; if (find_set(a - 1, parent) != find_set(b - 1, parent)) { make_pair(a - 1, b - 1, parent, r); } else { y.push_back(a); z.push_back(b); } } if (y.size() == 0) { cout << 0; return 0; } int counter = 0; cout << y.size() << endl; for (int i = 1; i < k; i++) { if (find_set(i, parent) != find_set(0, parent)) { cout << y[counter] << " " << z[counter] << " " << i + 1 << " " << 1 << endl; counter++; make_pair(i, 0, parent, r); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long powerr(long long base, long long exp) { base %= 1000000007; long long result = 1; while (exp > 0) { if (exp & 1) result = (result * base) % 1000000007; base = (base * base) % 1000000007; exp >>= 1; } return result; } long long gcd(long long a, long long b) { if (b == 0) return a; return gcd(b, a % b); } long long lcm(long long a, long long b) { return a * b / gcd(a, b); } const int N = 1010; set<int> seet; int parent[N]; vector<pair<int, int> > red; void init() { for (int i = 1; i < N; ++i) parent[i] = i; } int getparent(int u) { return (u == parent[u]) ? u : parent[u] = getparent(parent[u]); } void link(int u, int v) { int a = getparent(u); int b = getparent(v); if (a == b) { red.push_back({u, v}); return; } parent[b] = a; } int main() { init(); int n, u, v; scanf("%d", &n); for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { scanf("%d", &u); scanf("%d", &v); link(u, v); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) seet.insert(getparent(i)); printf("%d\n", red.size()); for (int i = 0; i < red.size(); ++i) { auto it = seet.begin(); auto it2 = it; int temp = *(it); ++it; int temp2 = *(it); printf("%d %d %d %d\n", red[i].first, red[i].second, temp, temp2); seet.erase(it2); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int mxn = 1e3 + 5; const int mod = 1e9 + 7; const int mod1 = 998244353; vector<int> par(mxn); int find_set(int a) { if (a == par[a]) return a; return par[a] = find_set(par[a]); } bool union_set(int a, int b) { a = find_set(a); b = find_set(b); if (a == b) return 0; par[b] = a; return 1; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); int n, a, b, i; cin >> n; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) par[i] = i; vector<pair<int, int> > x; vector<int> r; for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> a >> b; if (!union_set(a, b)) x.push_back(make_pair(a, b)); } for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (par[i] == i) r.push_back(i); cout << (int)x.size() << endl; for (i = 1; i < (int)r.size(); i++) { cout << x[i - 1].first << " " << x[i - 1].second << " " << r[i - 1] << " " << r[i] << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n; vector<int> v[1005]; int visited[1005] = {0}; int cycle[1005][1005] = {0}; queue<pair<int, int> > q, p; void dfs(int node, int par) { visited[node] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < v[node].size(); i++) { if (visited[v[node][i]] == 0) { dfs(v[node][i], node); } else { if (v[node][i] != par && cycle[v[node][i]][node] == 0) { q.push(make_pair(v[node][i], node)); cycle[v[node][i]][node] = 1; cycle[node][v[node][i]] = 1; } } } } int main() { cin >> n; int a, b; for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++) { cin >> a >> b; v[a].push_back(b); v[b].push_back(a); } dfs(1, -1); int days = 0; for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) { if (!visited[i]) { dfs(i, -1); days++; p.push(make_pair(i - 1, i)); } } cout << days << endl; while (!p.empty()) { cout << q.front().first << " " << q.front().second << " " << p.front().first << " " << p.front().second << endl; p.pop(); q.pop(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; struct subset { int parent; int rank; }; int find(struct subset subsets[], int i) { if (subsets[i].parent != i) subsets[i].parent = find(subsets, subsets[i].parent); return subsets[i].parent; } void Union(struct subset subsets[], int x, int y) { int xroot = find(subsets, x); int yroot = find(subsets, y); if (subsets[xroot].rank < subsets[yroot].rank) subsets[xroot].parent = yroot; else if (subsets[xroot].rank > subsets[yroot].rank) subsets[yroot].parent = xroot; else { subsets[yroot].parent = xroot; subsets[xroot].rank++; } } int main() { int n, b, a; cin >> n; int us[1001] = {0}; vector<pair<int, int> > v, rs; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { scanf("%d%d", &a, &b); if (a > b) swap(a, b); v.push_back(make_pair(a, b)); } struct subset p[n + 1]; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { p[i].parent = i; p[i].rank = 0; } int val = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int l = v[i].first; int r = v[i].second; if (find(p, l) != find(p, r)) { Union(p, l, r); val++; } else { rs.push_back(make_pair(l, r)); } } vector<int> ps; if (val == n - 1) { cout << "0" << endl; return 0; } val = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (p[i].parent == i) { val++; ps.push_back(i); } } cout << val - 1 << endl; for (int i = 0; i < val - 1; i++) { cout << rs[i].first << " " << rs[i].second << " " << ps[i] << " " << ps[i + 1] << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int parent[50005], r[50005], sz[50005]; void make_set(int v) { parent[v] = v; r[v] = 0; sz[v] = 1; } int find_set(int v) { if (v == parent[v]) return v; return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v]); } bool union_sets(int a, int b) { a = find_set(a); b = find_set(b); if (a != b) { if (r[a] < r[b]) swap(a, b); parent[b] = a; sz[a] += sz[b]; if (r[a] == r[b]) ++r[a]; return 1; } return 0; } int main() { int n, x, y; cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) make_set(i); vector<pair<int, int> > v; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { cin >> x >> y; if (!union_sets(x, y)) v.push_back(make_pair(x, y)); } int a[n + 1], k = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { a[i] = find_set(i); } cout << v.size() << endl; for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) { if (a[i] != a[1]) { cout << v[k].first << " " << v[k].second << " " << a[1] << " " << a[i] << endl; union_sets(a[1], a[i]); a[1] = find_set(1); for (int j = i; j <= n; j++) { a[j] = find_set(j); } k++; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1005; int n, parent[N], sz[N]; vector<pair<int, int>> del; set<int> st; void init() { iota(parent, parent + n + 1, 0); fill(sz, sz + n + 1, 1); } int findpar(int u) { return u == parent[u] ? u : parent[u] = findpar(parent[u]); } bool join(int u, int v) { u = findpar(u); v = findpar(v); if (u == v) return 0; if (sz[u] > sz[v]) swap(u, v); parent[u] = v; sz[v] += sz[u]; return 1; } int main() { int u, v; scanf("%d", &n); init(); for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { scanf("%d %d", &u, &v); if (!join(u, v)) { del.push_back({u, v}); } } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { st.insert(findpar(i)); } printf("%d\n", del.size()); auto it1 = st.begin(), it2 = it1; it2++; int i = 0; for (; it1 != st.end() && it2 != st.end() && i < del.size(); it1++, it2++, i++) { printf("%d %d %d %d\n", del[i].first, del[i].second, *it1, *it2); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; struct dsu { long long n; vector<long long> p; dsu(long long n) : n(n) {} void init() { p.resize(n); for (long long i = 0; i < n; ++i) p[i] = i; } long long find(long long x) { if (x == p[x]) return x; else return (p[x] = find(p[x])); } void unite(long long x, long long y) { x = find(x); y = find(y); p[x] = y; } }; signed main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(); cout.tie(); ; long long n; cin >> n; vector<pair<long long, long long> > bad; dsu d(n); d.init(); for (long long i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { long long x, y; cin >> x >> y; --x; --y; if (d.find(x) == d.find(y)) bad.push_back({x, y}); d.unite(x, y); } set<long long> comps; vector<long long> cps; for (long long i = 0; i < n; ++i) { comps.insert(d.find(i)); } for (long long x : comps) cps.push_back(x); vector<pair<long long, long long> > gd; for (long long i = 1; i < cps.size(); ++i) { gd.push_back({cps[i], cps[i - 1]}); } if (gd.size() != bad.size()) cout << "FAK"; cout << gd.size() << endl; for (long long i = 0; i < gd.size(); ++i) { cout << bad[i].first + 1 << " " << bad[i].second + 1 << " " << gd[i].first + 1 << " " << gd[i].second + 1 << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long int parent[10000]; long long int ranc[10000]; vector<pair<long long int, long long int> > v; long long int makeset(long long int v) { parent[v] = v; ranc[v] = 0; } long long int findset(long long int v) { if (parent[v] == v) { return parent[v]; } else return findset(parent[v]); } long long int unionset(long long int a, long long int b) { a = findset(a); b = findset(b); if (a != b) { if (ranc[b] > ranc[a]) swap(a, b); } parent[b] = a; ranc[a] += ranc[b]; } int main() { long long int n; cin >> n; for (long long int i = 0; i < n; i++) { parent[i] = i; } for (long long int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { long long int x; long long int y; cin >> x >> y; if (findset(x) == findset(y)) { v.push_back(make_pair(x, y)); } else unionset(x, y); } cout << v.size() << "\n"; if (v.size() > 0) { for (long long int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (long long int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) { if (i != j) { if (findset(i) != findset(j)) { cout << v.back().first << " " << v.back().second << " " << i << " " << j << "\n"; v.pop_back(); unionset(i, j); } } } } } clock_t clk = clock(); clk = clock() - clk; cerr << "Time Elapsed: " << fixed << setprecision(10) << ((long double)clk) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n"; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1009; int n, s[N]; int f[N]; pair<int, int> d[N]; void Init() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) s[i] = i; } int Find(int x) { if (x != s[x]) s[x] = Find(s[x]); return s[x]; } void Union(int x, int y) { x = Find(x); y = Find(y); s[x] = s[y]; } int main() { scanf("%d", &n); Init(); int cnt = 0; int tot = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++) { int x, y; scanf("%d%d", &x, &y); if (Find(x) != Find(y)) Union(x, y); else d[++cnt] = make_pair(x, y); } printf("%d\n", cnt); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (s[i] == i) f[++tot] = i; int now = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= cnt; i++) { printf("%d %d %d %d\n", d[i].first, d[i].second, f[tot], f[now]); now++; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAXN = 1e+3 + 10; int p[MAXN], r[MAXN]; vector<pair<int, int>> t; void make_set(int v) { p[v] = v; r[v] = 0; } int dsu_get(int v) { return (v == p[v]) ? v : (p[v] = dsu_get(p[v])); } void unite(int a, int b) { a = dsu_get(a); b = dsu_get(b); if (a != b) { if (r[a] < r[b]) { swap(a, b); } p[b] = a; if (r[a] == r[b]) { r[a]++; } } } set<int> s; void solve() { int n; cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { make_set(i); } for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; if (dsu_get(u) == dsu_get(v)) { t.push_back(make_pair(u, v)); } else { unite(u, v); } } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { s.insert(dsu_get(i)); } int res = (int)s.size() - 1; cout << res << "\n"; int from = *s.begin(); s.erase(s.begin()); int i = 0; while (!s.empty()) { int to = *s.begin(); s.erase(s.begin()); cout << t[i].first << " " << t[i].second << " " << from << " " << to << "\n"; from = to; i++; } } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0); int t = 1; while (t--) { solve(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n; int A[1005]; int m; int visited[1005]; vector<int> adj[1005]; vector<pair<int, int>> unused; vector<int> plans; map<pair<int, int>, int> used; void initialize(int Arr[], int N) { for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) Arr[i] = i; } bool Find(int Arr[], int A, int B) { if (Arr[A] == Arr[B]) return true; else return false; } void Union(int Arr[], int N, int A, int B) { int TEMP = Arr[A]; for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) { if (Arr[i] == TEMP) Arr[i] = Arr[B]; } } void dfs(int index, int parent) { visited[index] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < adj[index].size(); i++) { if (visited[adj[index][i]]) { if (adj[index][i] != parent) unused.push_back(make_pair(index, adj[index][i])); } else dfs(adj[index][i], index); } } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); cin >> n; n++; initialize(A, n); for (int i = 0; i < n - 2; i++) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; adj[x].push_back(y); adj[y].push_back(x); Union(A, n, x, y); } for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) if (!visited[i]) dfs(i, i); int counter = -1; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) if (A[i] == i) counter++; cout << counter << endl; int flag = 0, root; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) if (A[i] == i && !flag++) root = i; else if (A[i] == i) plans.push_back(i); while (counter--) { pair<int, int> temp; flag = 0; while (!flag) { pair<int, int> temp2; temp = unused.back(); temp2.second = temp.first; temp2.first = temp.second; if (!used[temp] && !used[temp2]) flag = 1; used[temp] = 1; used[temp2] = 1; unused.pop_back(); } int to = plans.back(); plans.pop_back(); cout << temp.first << " " << temp.second << " " << root << " " << to << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; using ll = long long; struct Edge { int u, v, t; bool operator<(const Edge other) const { return t > other.t; } }; int n, p[1005], mark[1005][1005]; int find_par(int u) { if (p[u] == u) return u; return p[u] = find_par(p[u]); } void union_set(int u, int v) { u = find_par(u); v = find_par(v); p[u] = v; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { p[i] = i; } for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; mark[u][v] = 1; mark[v][u] = 1; } vector<Edge> edges; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { for (int j = i + 1; j <= n; j++) { edges.push_back({i, j, mark[i][j]}); } } sort(edges.begin(), edges.end()); vector<pair<Edge, Edge>> ans; queue<Edge> q; for (auto e : edges) { if (find_par(e.u) != find_par(e.v)) { union_set(e.u, e.v); if (e.t) continue; ans.push_back({q.front(), e}); q.pop(); } else { if (e.t) q.push(e); } } cout << ans.size() << "\n"; for (auto a : ans) { cout << a.first.u << " " << a.first.v << " " << a.second.u << " " << a.second.v << "\n"; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> const int maxn = 1001; int pa[maxn]; struct Node { int u, v; } cut[maxn]; int finding(int x) { if (x != pa[x]) { pa[x] = finding(pa[x]); } return pa[x]; } void unio(int a, int b) { int x = finding(a); int y = finding(b); pa[x] = y; } int main() { int n, ans = 0; scanf("%d", &n); for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) { pa[i] = i; } for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int a, b; scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); if (finding(a) == finding(b)) { cut[ans].u = a; cut[ans].v = b; ans++; } else { unio(a, b); } } printf("%d\n", ans); int num = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) { if (finding(i) != finding(j)) { printf("%d %d %d %d\n", cut[num].u, cut[num].v, i, j); unio(i, j); num++; if (num == ans) break; } } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; vector<int> g[1005]; int n, c, comp[1005], par[1005], sz[1005], from[1005], to[1005], e; bool visited[1005]; int getpar(int v) { if (par[v] == v) return v; else { par[v] = getpar(par[v]); return par[v]; } } void u(int a, int b) { int x, y; x = getpar(a); y = getpar(b); if (x == y) { from[e] = a; to[e] = b; e++; } else { if (sz[x] > sz[y]) { par[y] = x; sz[x] += sz[y]; } else { par[x] = y; sz[y] += sz[x]; } } } int main() { cin >> n; int a, b; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) par[i] = i; for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++) { cin >> a >> b; g[a].push_back(b); g[b].push_back(a); u(a, b); } int x; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { x = getpar(i); if (visited[x] == false) { visited[x] = true; comp[c] = x; c++; } } cout << e << "\n"; for (int i = 0; i < e; i++) { cout << from[i] << " " << to[i] << " " << comp[i] << " " << comp[i + 1] << "\n"; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int mod = 1e9 + 7; const double eps = 1e-9; const int maxn = 3e5 + 5; int fa[maxn]; int findfa(int x) { int y = x; while (fa[x] != x) x = fa[x]; while (fa[y] != x) { int z = fa[y]; fa[y] = x; y = z; } return x; } vector<int> a, b, c, d; int main() { int n; scanf("%d", &n); for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++) fa[i] = i; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { int u, v; scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); int fu = findfa(u), fv = findfa(v); if (fu == fv) { a.push_back(u); b.push_back(v); } else { int f = min(fu, fv); fa[fu] = f, fa[fv] = f; } } int cnt = 0; for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++) { int first = findfa(i); if (first == 1) continue; c.push_back(1), d.push_back(i); fa[first] = 1; ++cnt; } printf("%d\n", (cnt)); for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) printf("%d %d %d %d\n", a[i], b[i], c[i], d[i]); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int parent(int a, int p[]) { if (p[a] == a) { return a; } return parent(p[a], p); } int main() { int n; cin >> n; int p[n + 1]; for (int i = 0; i < n + 1; i++) { p[i] = i; } vector<pair<int, int> > bre, par; int count = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; if (a > b) { swap(a, b); } if (parent(b, p) == parent(a, p)) { count++; bre.push_back(make_pair(a, b)); } else { p[parent(b, p)] = parent(a, p); } } for (int j = 2; j < n + 1; j++) { if (parent(j, p) != parent(1, p)) { par.push_back(make_pair(parent(1, p), parent(j, p))); p[parent(1, p)] = parent(j, p); } } cout << count << endl; for (auto i = bre.begin(), j = par.begin(); i != bre.end(); i++, j++) { cout << i->first << " " << i->second << " " << j->first << " " << j->second << " "; cout << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const double eps = 1e-9; int fx[] = {-1, 1, 0, 0, -1, -1, 1, 1}; int fy[] = {0, 0, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1}; int kx[] = {1, 1, 2, 2, -1, -1, -2, -2}; int ky[] = {2, -2, 1, -1, 2, -2, 1, -1}; int parent[1005]; int Find(int u) { if (u == parent[u]) return u; return parent[u] = Find(parent[u]); } void Union(int u, int v) { int p = Find(u); int q = Find(v); if (p != q) parent[q] = p; } int main() { for (int i = 1; i < 1005; i++) parent[i] = i; int n; scanf("%d", &n); queue<pair<int, int> > Q; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { int u, v; scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); if (Find(u) != Find(v)) Union(u, v); else Q.push({u, v}); } printf("%d\n", Q.size()); for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) { if (Find(1) != Find(i)) { printf("%d %d %d %d\n", Q.front().first, Q.front().second, 1, i); Q.pop(); Union(1, i); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAX = 1005; int n, l, x, y, C[MAX], P[MAX], T[MAX]; struct par { int a, b; } In[MAX], Out[MAX]; int findst(int x) { if (x == P[x]) return x; return P[x] = findst(P[x]); } void joinst(int a, int b) { if (T[b] > T[a]) swap(a, b); T[a] += T[b]; P[b] = a; } int main() { scanf("%d", &n); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) P[i] = i, T[i] = 1; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { int a, b; scanf("%d%d", &a, &b); int x = findst(a); int y = findst(b); if (x == y) { Out[++l].a = a; Out[l].b = b; continue; } joinst(x, y); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (findst(i) == i) C[++x] = i; for (int i = 1; i < x; i++) { In[++y].a = C[i]; In[y].b = C[i + 1]; } if (l == 0) { printf("0\n"); return 0; } printf("%d\n", l); for (int i = 1; i < l; i++) printf("%d %d %d %d ", Out[i].a, Out[i].b, In[i].a, In[i].b); printf("%d %d %d %d\n", Out[l].a, Out[l].b, In[l].a, In[l].b); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #pragma GCC optimize("O3") #pragma comment(linker, "/stack:200000000") #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast,unroll-loops,no-stack-protector,fast-math") #pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx,tune=native") const char nl = '\n'; const long long mod = 1e9 + 7; const long long N = 1e5 + 5; vector<long long> parent(N), size1(N); long long find_set(long long v) { if (v == parent[v]) return v; return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v]); } void make_set(long long v) { parent[v] = v; size1[v] = 1; } void union_sets(long long a, long long b) { if (a != b) { if (size1[a] < size1[b]) swap(a, b); parent[b] = a; size1[a] += size1[b]; } } void accio_ac(void) { long long n; cin >> n; for (long long i = 1; i <= n; i++) { make_set(i); } vector<pair<long long, long long> > extra, not_there; for (long long i = 1; i < n; i++) { long long u, v, x, y; cin >> u >> v; x = u; y = v; u = find_set(u); v = find_set(v); if (u == v) { extra.emplace_back(make_pair(x, y)); } else { union_sets(u, v); } } for (long long i = 1; i <= n; i++) { for (long long j = i + 1; j <= n; j++) { long long a = find_set(i); long long b = find_set(j); if (a != b) { not_there.emplace_back(make_pair(i, j)); union_sets(a, b); } } } long long k = not_there.size(); cout << k << '\n'; for (long long i = 0; i < k; i++) { cout << extra[i].first << ' ' << extra[i].second << ' ' << not_there[i].first << ' ' << not_there[i].second << nl; } } int32_t main(void) { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); cout << fixed << setprecision(10); long long __ = 1; while (__--) { accio_ac(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n; int par[1005]; void init(int n) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) par[i] = i; } int find(int x) { if (par[x] == x) return x; else return par[x] = find(par[x]); } void unite(int x, int y) { par[find(x)] = find(y); } int main() { vector<int> p; vector<pair<int, int> > q; scanf("%d", &n); int a, b; init(n); for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); if (find(a) == find(b)) q.push_back(make_pair(a, b)); else unite(a, b); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (find(i) == i) p.push_back(i); } printf("%d\n", p.size() - 1); for (int i = 1; i < p.size(); i++) { printf("%d %d %d %d\n", q[i - 1].first, q[i - 1].second, p[i - 1], p[i]); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int parent[1005], size[1005]; vector<pair<int, int> > circle; vector<int> lead; void make_set(int n) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { parent[i] = i; size[i] = 1; } } int find_root(int n) { if (parent[n] == n) return n; return parent[n] = find_root(parent[n]); } void merge(int a, int b) { if (size[a] < size[b]) swap(a, b); parent[b] = a; size[a] += size[b]; } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); int n; cin >> n; make_set(n); for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; int root_a = find_root(a); int root_b = find_root(b); if (root_a == root_b) circle.push_back(make_pair(a, b)); else merge(root_a, root_b); } int res = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { if (parent[i] == i) { res++; lead.push_back(i); } } cout << res - 1 << '\n'; for (int i = 1; i < res; ++i) { cout << circle.back().first << ' ' << circle.back().second << ' ' << lead.back() << ' '; circle.pop_back(); lead.pop_back(); cout << lead.back() << '\n'; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; struct UnionFind { vector<int> f, setSize; int cantSets; void init(int n) { f.clear(); setSize.clear(); cantSets = n; f.resize(n, -1); setSize.resize(n, 1); } int comp(int x) { return (f[x] == -1 ? x : f[x] = comp(f[x])); } bool join(int i, int j) { int a = comp(i), b = comp(j); if (a != b) { cantSets--; if (setSize[a] > setSize[b]) swap(a, b); setSize[b] += setSize[a]; f[a] = b; } return a == b; } }; int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL); int n; vector<pair<int, int> > badEdges; UnionFind dsu; cin >> n; dsu.init(n); for (int i = (0); i < (n - 1); i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; a--; b--; if (dsu.join(a, b)) badEdges.push_back(make_pair(a + 1, b + 1)); } set<int> representantes; for (int i = (0); i < (n); i++) representantes.insert(dsu.comp(i)); int sum = 0; for (auto it = representantes.begin(); it != representantes.end(); it++) sum += dsu.setSize[*it]; assert(sum == n); assert(dsu.cantSets == representantes.size()); assert(badEdges.size() == representantes.size() - 1); cout << badEdges.size() << '\n'; set<int>::iterator ite = representantes.begin(); for (auto it = badEdges.begin(); it != badEdges.end(); it++) { cout << it->first << ' ' << it->second << ' ' << *ite + 1 << ' ' << *next(ite) + 1 << '\n'; ite++; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, u, v, cyclecnt, grno, group[(int)1e3 + 5], vertofgr[(int)1e3 + 5]; bool visited[(int)1e3 + 5]; vector<int> adjlist[(int)1e3 + 5]; pair<int, int> cycles[(int)1e3 + 5]; class UnionFind { private: int id[(int)1e3 + 5], sz[(int)1e3 + 5]; int root(int x) { while (id[x] != x) { id[x] = id[id[x]]; x = id[x]; } return x; } public: UnionFind() { for (int i = 0; i < (int)1e3 + 5; i++) { sz[i] = 1; id[i] = i; } } bool same(int m, int n) { return root(m) == root(n); } void unite(int m, int n) { int rtm = root(m), rtn = root(n); if (sz[rtm] > sz[rtn]) { id[rtn] = id[rtm]; sz[rtm] += sz[rtn]; } else { id[rtm] = id[rtn]; sz[rtn] += sz[rtm]; } } }; inline int fio() { int val = 0; char ch = getchar(); while (ch == ' ' || ch == '\n') ch = getchar(); while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') { val = val * 10 + ch - '0'; ch = getchar(); } return val; } inline void io() { n = fio(); UnionFind uf; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { u = fio(), v = fio(); adjlist[u].push_back(v); adjlist[v].push_back(u); if (!uf.same(u, v)) uf.unite(u, v); else cycles[cyclecnt++] = make_pair(u, v); } } void dfs(int s) { visited[s] = true; group[s] = grno; for (int i = 0; i < adjlist[s].size(); i++) { int current = adjlist[s][i]; if (!visited[current]) { dfs(current); } } } inline void mkgroups() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (!visited[i]) { grno++; vertofgr[grno] = i; dfs(i); } } int main() { io(); mkgroups(); printf("%d\n", cyclecnt); for (int i = 0; i < cyclecnt; i++) { printf("%d %d %d %d\n", cycles[i].first, cycles[i].second, vertofgr[1], vertofgr[i + 2]); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const long long int mxN = 1005; long long int parent[mxN], n; long long int Rank[mxN]; vector<pair<long long int, long long int> > removed; vector<pair<long long int, long long int> > joined; unordered_set<long long int> uniq_parent; void make_set() { for (long long int v = 0; v <= n + 1; v++) { parent[v] = v; Rank[v] = 0; } } long long int find_set(long long int v) { if (v == parent[v]) { return v; } return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v]); } void union_set(long long int A, long long int B) { long long int a = find_set(A); long long int b = find_set(B); if (a == b) { removed.push_back(make_pair(A, B)); return; } if (Rank[a] < Rank[b]) { swap(a, b); } parent[b] = a; if (Rank[a] == Rank[b]) { Rank[a]++; } } void solve() { cin >> n; make_set(); long long int x, y; for (long long int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { cin >> x >> y; union_set(x, y); } for (long long int v = 1; v <= n; v++) { uniq_parent.insert(find_set(v)); } vector<long long int> uniq; for (auto x : uniq_parent) { uniq.push_back(x); } for (long long int i = 0; i < uniq.size() - 1; i++) { joined.push_back({uniq[i], uniq[i + 1]}); } cout << removed.size() << endl; for (long long int i = 0; i < removed.size(); i++) { cout << removed[i].first << " " << removed[i].second << " " << joined[i].first << " " << joined[i].second << endl; } } signed main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); solve(); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n; const int mxN = 1000; int prnt[mxN]; int rnk[mxN]; vector<int> adj[mxN]; vector<pair<int, int>> ans; int vis[mxN]; int find(int i) { if (prnt[i] != i) prnt[i] = find(prnt[i]); return prnt[i]; } void join(int x, int y) { int xroot = find(x); int yroot = find(y); if (rnk[xroot] < rnk[yroot]) prnt[xroot] = yroot; else if (rnk[xroot] > rnk[yroot]) prnt[yroot] = xroot; else { prnt[yroot] = xroot; rnk[xroot]++; } } void dfs(int u, int e) { for (auto ad = adj[u].begin(); ad != adj[u].end(); ad++) { if (*ad == e || vis[*ad]) continue; int adprnt = find(*ad); int uprnt = find(u); if (adprnt == uprnt) { ans.push_back(make_pair(u, *ad)); continue; } join(*ad, u); dfs(*ad, u); } vis[u] = 1; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cin >> n; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; x--; y--; adj[x].push_back(y); adj[y].push_back(x); } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { prnt[i] = i; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (!vis[i]) { dfs(i, -1); } } cout << ans.size() << endl; int id = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) { int x = find(i); int y = find(j); if (x != y) { cout << ans[id].first + 1 << " " << ans[id].second + 1 << " " << i + 1 << " " << j + 1 << endl; id++; join(i, j); } } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; struct UnionFind { int n; vector<int> dad, size; UnionFind(int N) : n(N), dad(N), size(N, 1) { while (N--) dad[N] = N; } int find(int u) { if (dad[u] == u) return u; return dad[u] = find(dad[u]); } void join(int u, int v) { int Ru = find(u), Rv = find(v); if (Ru == Rv) return; if (size[Ru] > size[Rv]) swap(Ru, Rv); --n, dad[Ru] = Rv; size[Rv] += size[Ru]; } bool same(int u, int v) { return find(u) == find(v); } int get_size(int u) { return size[find(u)]; } int number_of_sets() { return n; } }; const int MAXN = 1e3 + 5; int n; bool valid[MAXN]; int vis[MAXN]; vector<pair<int, int>> adj[MAXN]; bool dfs(int u, int p, tuple<int, int, int>& edge) { vis[u] = 1; for (auto e : adj[u]) { if (!valid[e.second] || e.first == p) continue; if (vis[e.first] == 1) { edge = make_tuple(u, e.first, e.second); return true; } else if (vis[e.first] == 2) continue; else if (dfs(e.first, u, edge)) return true; } vis[u] = 2; return false; } int solve(UnionFind& UF, vector<pair<pair<int, int>, pair<int, int>>>& answer) { fill(valid, valid + n, true); int ans = UF.number_of_sets(); while (UF.number_of_sets() > 1) { fill(vis, vis + n, 0); tuple<int, int, int> edge; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (vis[i]) continue; if (dfs(i, -1, edge)) break; } int u = UF.find(0); int v = u; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { v = UF.find(i); if (v != u) break; } UF.join(u, v); valid[get<2>(edge)] = false; answer.emplace_back(make_pair(get<0>(edge), get<1>(edge)), make_pair(u, v)); } return ans - 1; } int main() { ; ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); ; cin >> n; UnionFind UF(n); int _id = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--; v--; UF.join(u, v); adj[u].emplace_back(v, _id); adj[v].emplace_back(u, _id); _id++; } vector<pair<pair<int, int>, pair<int, int>>> v; cout << solve(UF, v) << '\n'; for (auto i : v) cout << i.first.first + 1 << ' ' << i.first.second + 1 << ' ' << i.second.first + 1 << ' ' << i.second.second + 1 << '\n'; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const long long OO = (long long)1e9; vector<vector<int>> x; set<pair<int, int>> nw, od; int v[1005]; void dfs(int in, int p) { v[in] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < x[in].size(); i++) if (!v[x[in][i]]) dfs(x[in][i], in); else if (x[in][i] != p) od.insert(make_pair(min(in, x[in][i]), max(in, x[in][i]))); } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); memset(v, 0, sizeof v); int n, a, b; cin >> n; x = vector<vector<int>>(n + 1); for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> a >> b; x[a].push_back(b); x[b].push_back(a); } dfs(1, 0); for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) if (!v[i]) { dfs(i, 0); nw.insert(make_pair(1, i)); } cout << nw.size() << endl; for (set<pair<int, int>>::iterator it2 = nw.begin(), it = od.begin(); it2 != nw.end(); it++, it2++) cout << (*it).first << " " << (*it).second << " " << (*it2).first << " " << (*it2).second << endl; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; template <class T> void mxi(T& a, const T& b) { a = max(a, b); } template <class T> void mni(T& a, const T& b) { a = min(a, b); } long double EPS = 1e-9; long long par[1100]; long long findr(long long x) { if (x == par[x]) return x; return par[x] = findr(par[x]); } void merge(long long a, long long b) { long long ra = findr(a), rb = findr(b); if (ra != rb) { par[rb] = ra; } } void solve() { long long n; cin >> n; for (long long i = 0; i < (n + 10); i++) par[i] = i; vector<pair<long long, long long> > v; vector<pair<long long, long long> > useless; long long change = 0; for (long long i = 0; i < (n - 1); i++) { long long a, b; cin >> a >> b; v.push_back({a, b}); if (findr(a) == findr(b)) { useless.push_back({a, b}); change++; } merge(a, b); } long long root = findr(1); cout << change << '\n'; vector<pair<long long, long long> > ans; for (long long i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (findr(i) != root) { ans.push_back({i, root}); merge(root, i); } } assert(ans.size() == useless.size()); for (long long i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) { cout << useless[i].first << ' ' << useless[i].second << ' ' << ans[i].first << ' ' << ans[i].second << '\n'; } } signed main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); long long t, tab; t = 1; tab = t; while (t--) { solve(); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int pr[1005], sz[1005], ans = 0; vector<pair<int, int> > vec; int find_set(int u) { if (u == pr[u]) return u; return pr[u] = find_set(pr[u]); } void union_set(int u, int v) { int a = find_set(u); int b = find_set(v); if (a == b) { vec.push_back({u, v}); ans++; return; } if (sz[a] < sz[b]) swap(a, b); sz[a] += sz[b]; pr[b] = a; } int main() { int n; cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { pr[i] = i; sz[i] = 1; } for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int n1, n2; cin >> n1 >> n2; union_set(n1, n2); } set<int> s; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { int u = find_set(i); s.insert(u); } cout << ans << endl; auto it = s.begin(); for (int i = 0; i < ans; i++) { cout << vec[i].first << " " << vec[i].second << " " << *it << " "; it++; cout << *it << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void dfs(int i, vector<vector<pair<int, bool> > >& edg, vector<bool>& vis, vector<int>& par) { vis[i] = true; for (int j = 0; j < edg[i].size(); j++) { if (!vis[edg[i][j].first]) { par[edg[i][j].first] = par[i]; edg[i][j].second = true; for (int k = 0; k < edg[edg[i][j].first].size(); k++) { if (edg[edg[i][j].first][k].first == i) { edg[edg[i][j].first][k].second = true; break; } } dfs(edg[i][j].first, edg, vis, par); } } } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); ; int n; cin >> n; vector<vector<pair<int, bool> > > edg(n + 1); for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; edg[u].push_back(make_pair(v, false)); edg[v].push_back(make_pair(u, false)); } vector<bool> vis(n + 1, false); vector<int> par(n + 1, -1); for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++) { if (!vis[i]) { par[i] = i; dfs(i, edg, vis, par); } } int count = 0; for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++) { if (par[i] == 1) { count++; } } if (count == n) { cout << 0 << endl; } else { set<int> x; for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++) { if (par[i] != 1) { x.insert(par[i]); } } vector<pair<int, int> > unusedEdges; for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < edg[i].size(); j++) { if (!edg[i][j].second) { unusedEdges.push_back(make_pair(i, edg[i][j].first)); edg[i][j].second = true; for (int k = 0; k < edg[edg[i][j].first].size(); k++) { if (edg[edg[i][j].first][k].first == i) { edg[edg[i][j].first][k].second = true; break; } } } } } set<int>::iterator it; int z = 0; cout << x.size() << endl; for (it = x.begin(); it != x.end(); it++) { cout << unusedEdges[z].first << " " << unusedEdges[z].second << " "; cout << 1 << " " << *it << endl; z++; } cout << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, par[2000]; vector<pair<int, int> > edge; vector<pair<pair<int, int>, pair<int, int> > > ans; set<pair<int, int> > rem; int find_father(int v) { if (par[v] == v) return v; return par[v] = find_father(par[v]); } bool ism(int u, int v) { return find_father(u) == find_father(v); } void mrg(int u, int v) { par[find_father(u)] = find_father(v); } int main() { cin >> n; pair<int, int> a; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) cin >> a.first >> a.second, edge.push_back(a); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) par[i] = i; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { if (!ism(edge[i].first, edge[i].second)) mrg(edge[i].first, edge[i].second); else rem.insert(edge[i]); } for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) { if (!ism(1, i)) { pair<int, int> b = *rem.begin(); rem.erase(b); ans.push_back(make_pair(b, make_pair(1, i))); mrg(1, i); } } cout << (int)ans.size() << endl; for (int i = 0; i < (int)ans.size(); i++) { cout << ans[i].first.first << " " << ans[i].first.second << " " << ans[i].second.first << " " << ans[i].second.second << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int v[1000]; int parent[1000]; int r[1000]; void make_set(int v) { parent[v] = v; r[v] = 0; } int find_set(int v) { if (parent[v] == v) { return v; } return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v]); } void make_pair(int a, int b) { int pa = find_set(a); int pb = find_set(b); if (r[pa] < r[pb]) { swap(pa, pb); } parent[pb] = pa; r[pa] = r[pa] + r[pb]; } int main() { int t; cin >> t; int k = t; for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) { make_set(i); } int y[t], z[t]; int counter = 0; t--; while (t--) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; if (find_set(a - 1) != find_set(b - 1)) { make_pair(a - 1, b - 1); } else { y[counter] = a; z[counter] = b; counter++; } } counter--; if (counter == -1) { cout << 0; return 0; } cout << counter + 1 << endl; for (int i = 1; i < k; i++) { if (find_set(i) != find_set(0)) { cout << y[counter] << " " << z[counter] << " " << i + 1 << " " << 1 << endl; counter--; make_pair(i, 0); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> #pragma comment(linker, "/stack:227420978") #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast") #pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx,tune=native") using namespace std; const long long Mod = 1000000007LL, INF = 1e9, LINF = 1e18; const long double PI = 3.141592653589793116, EPS = 1e-9, GOLD = ((1 + sqrt(5)) / 2); long long keymod[] = {1000000007LL, 1000000009LL, 1000000021LL, 1000000033LL}; long long keyCount = sizeof(keymod) / sizeof(long long); template <class T> int getbit(T s, int i) { return (s >> i) & 1; } template <class T> T onbit(T s, int i) { return s | (T(1) << i); } template <class T> T offbit(T s, int i) { return s & (~(T(1) << i)); } template <class T> int cntbit(T s) { return __builtin_popcount(s); } auto TimeStart = chrono::steady_clock::now(); auto TimeEnd = chrono::steady_clock::now(); void ControlIO(int argc, char* argv[]); void TimerStart(); void TimerStop(); void Exit(); long long n, a, b; vector<set<long long>> adj(1007); vector<bool> vis(1007, false); vector<pair<long long, long long>> R, A; long long Root = -1; long long edgecnt = 0, vertexcnt = 0; map<pair<long long, long long>, long long> Map; void ccfind(long long z) { vis[z] = true; vertexcnt++; edgecnt += adj[z].size(); for (auto it = adj[z].begin(); it != adj[z].end(); it++) { long long t = *it; if (!vis[t]) ccfind(t); } } void DFS(long long z, long long last) { vis[z] = true; for (auto it = adj[z].begin(); it != adj[z].end(); it++) { long long t = *it; if (t == last) continue; if (vis[t]) { if (Map[make_pair(z, t)] || Map[make_pair(t, z)]) continue; Map[make_pair(z, t)]++; Map[make_pair(t, z)]++; R.push_back(make_pair(z, t)); continue; } DFS(t, z); } } void Input() { cin >> n; for (long long i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> a >> b; adj[a].insert(b); adj[b].insert(a); } } void Solve() { for (long long i = 1; i <= n; i++) { vertexcnt = 0; edgecnt = 0; if (vis[i]) continue; ccfind(i); if ((vertexcnt - 1) * 2 == edgecnt) { Root = i; break; } } for (long long i = 0; i < 1007; i++) vis[i] = false; ccfind(Root); for (long long i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (vis[i]) continue; DFS(i, -1); A.push_back(make_pair(Root, i)); } cout << R.size() << '\n'; for (long long i = 0; i < R.size(); i++) { pair<long long, long long> x = R[i], y = A[i]; cout << x.first << " " << x.second << " "; cout << y.first << " " << y.second << '\n'; } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(NULL); ControlIO(argc, argv); Input(); TimerStart(); Solve(); TimerStop(); return 0; } void ControlIO(int argc, char* argv[]) {} void TimerStart() {} void TimerStop() {} void Exit() { TimerStop(); exit(0); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int parent[10000]; int size[10000]; void make_set(int i) { parent[i] = i; size[i] = 1; } int find_set(int i) { if (parent[i] == i) return i; return parent[i] = find_set(parent[i]); } void union_sets(int a, int b) { a = find_set(a); b = find_set(b); if (a != b) { if (size[b] > size[a]) { int temp; temp = a; a = b; b = temp; } parent[b] = a; size[a] += size[b]; } } int main() { set<int> set1; vector<int> vector1, vector2; vector<int>::iterator it1, it3; set<int>::iterator it2, it4; int test, a, b, number[10000], k = 0, size = 0; cin >> test; test = test - 1; int firstCity[test], secondCity[test]; for (int i = 1; i <= test + 1; i++) { make_set(i); } for (int i = 0; i < test; i++) { cin >> firstCity[i] >> secondCity[i]; make_set(firstCity[i]); make_set(secondCity[i]); } for (int i = 0; i < test; i++) { a = find_set(secondCity[i]); b = find_set(firstCity[i]); if (a != b) { union_sets(firstCity[i], secondCity[i]); } else { size++; vector1.push_back(firstCity[i]); vector2.push_back(secondCity[i]); } } for (int i = 1; i <= test + 1; i++) { int l = find_set(i); set1.insert(l); } cout << size << endl; if (size > 0) { auto it4 = set1.begin(); it4++; for (it2 = set1.begin(), it1 = vector1.begin(), it3 = vector2.begin(); it1 != vector1.end(); it2++, it1++, it3++, it4++) { cout << *it1 << " " << *it3 << " " << *it2 << " " << *it4 << " " << endl; } return 0; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, a, b, compLeader[1002], compAmount, vis[1002], myComp[1002]; vector<int> graph[1002]; void visit(int node, int leader) { myComp[node] = compAmount; for (int son : graph[node]) { if (!myComp[son]) visit(son, leader); } } void CountLeaders() { int t = -1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (!myComp[i]) { compLeader[++compAmount] = i, visit(i, i), t++; } } cout << t << "\n"; } bool StillConnected(int node, int a, int b, int color) { vis[node] = color; if (node == b) return true; bool ans = false; for (int son : graph[node]) { if (son && (node != a || son != b) && vis[son] != color && (node != b || son != a)) { ans |= StillConnected(son, a, b, color); } } return ans; } void Disconnect(int a, int b) { for (int i = 0; i < graph[a].size(); i++) if (graph[a][i] == b) graph[a][i] = 0; } int parent[1002], sz[1002]; void initialize() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) parent[i] = i, sz[i] = 1; } int find(int x) { while (parent[x] != x) x = parent[x] = parent[parent[x]]; return x; } bool joined(int a, int b) { return find(a) == find(b); } void join(int a, int b) { int aRoot = find(a), bRoot = find(b); if (sz[aRoot] > sz[bRoot]) swap(aRoot, bRoot); sz[bRoot] += sz[aRoot]; parent[aRoot] = bRoot; } void PrintNewRoads() { int color = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { for (int son : graph[i]) { int chosenComp = 1; while (joined(chosenComp, myComp[i])) chosenComp++; if (chosenComp <= compAmount && StillConnected(i, i, son, color++)) { join(chosenComp, myComp[i]); cout << i << " " << son << " " << i << " " << compLeader[chosenComp] << "\n"; Disconnect(i, son), Disconnect(son, i); } } } } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cin >> n; initialize(); for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) cin >> a >> b, graph[a].push_back(b), graph[b].push_back(a); CountLeaders(); PrintNewRoads(); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; class DisjointSetUnion { int n; int *p, *r; public: DisjointSetUnion(int x) { n = x; p = new int[n + 1]; r = new int[n + 1]; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) p[i] = i; memset(r, 0, sizeof(r)); } void Union(int x, int y) { int a = p[x]; int b = p[y]; if (r[a] > r[b]) { p[b] = a; r[a] = max(r[a], r[b] + 1); } else { p[a] = b; r[b] = max(r[b], r[a] + 1); } } int Find(int a) { if (p[a] == a) return a; return p[a] = Find(p[a]); } }; int main() { int i, j, k; int n, m; int u, v; scanf("%d", &n); DisjointSetUnion dsu(n); vector<pair<int, int> > close; for (i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++) { scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); if (dsu.Find(u) != dsu.Find(v)) dsu.Union(u, v); else close.push_back({u, v}); } set<int> s; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) s.insert(dsu.Find(i)); vector<pair<int, int> > open; set<int>::iterator p = s.begin(); while (p != s.end()) { u = *p; p++; if (p == s.end()) break; v = *p; open.push_back({u, v}); } printf("%d\n", close.size()); for (i = 0; i < close.size(); i++) printf("%d %d %d %d\n", close[i].first, close[i].second, open[i].first, open[i].second); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; vector<int> adj[10000 + 1]; bool vis[10000 + 5]; vector<pair<int, int>> dups; int dcou = 0; struct obj { vector<pair<int, int>> dup; int dco = 0; }; map<pair<int, int>, bool> check; void dfs(int a, int ls) { vis[a] = 1; for (auto& a1 : adj[a]) { if (a1 != a && a1 != ls) { if (vis[a1]) { if (check[{a1, a}] || check[{a, a1}]) continue; dcou++; dups.push_back({a, a1}); check[{a, a1}] = 1; } else { dfs(a1, a); } } } } int main() { memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis)); int n; cin >> n; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; adj[a].push_back(b); adj[b].push_back(a); } map<int, obj> info; vector<int> tre; vector<int> grp; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (!vis[i]) { dcou = 0; dups.clear(); check.clear(); dfs(i, 0); obj o1; o1.dco = dcou; o1.dup = dups; info[i] = o1; if (dcou == 0) { tre.push_back(i); } else { grp.push_back(i); } } } int ans = 0; vector<pair<int, pair<int, pair<int, int>>>> an1; while (!grp.empty()) { int in1 = grp.back(); int in2 = tre.back(); grp.pop_back(); tre.pop_back(); ans++; pair<int, int> tmp = info[in1].dup.back(); info[in1].dup.pop_back(); int de = --info[in1].dco; an1.push_back({tmp.first, {tmp.second, {in1, in2}}}); if (de == 0) { tre.push_back(in2); } else { grp.push_back(in1); } } cout << ans << "\n"; for (auto& a1 : an1) { cout << a1.first << " " << a1.second.first << " " << " " << a1.second.second.first << " " << a1.second.second.second << "\n"; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; typedef struct _edge { int root; int source; int destination; } edge; void dfs(vector<int> *edges, vector<edge> &edge_to_cut, vector<edge> &blocked, vector<int> &visit, int cur, int pre, bool &is_cycle, int root) { if (visit[cur] == 0) { visit[cur] = 1; for (int next : edges[cur]) { if (visit[next] == 0) { dfs(edges, edge_to_cut, blocked, visit, next, cur, is_cycle, root); } else if (next != pre) { bool is_blocked = false; for (edge b : blocked) { if (b.source == cur && b.destination == next) { is_blocked = true; } } if (!is_blocked) { edge e = {root, cur, next}; edge_to_cut.push_back(e); is_cycle = true; edge blocking = {root, next, cur}; blocked.push_back(blocking); } } } } } int main(void) { int n; cin >> n; vector<int> *edges = new vector<int>[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int s, d; cin >> s >> d; edges[s - 1].push_back(d - 1); edges[d - 1].push_back(s - 1); } vector<int> visit(n, 0); vector<int> dest; vector<edge> edges_to_cut; vector<edge> blocked; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (visit[i] == 0) { bool is_cycle = false; dfs(edges, edges_to_cut, blocked, visit, i, -1, is_cycle, i); dest.push_back(i); } } if (edges_to_cut.size() == 0) { cout << 0 << endl; return 0; } int days = edges_to_cut.size(); cout << days << endl; for (int i = 0; i < days; i++) { edge e = edges_to_cut[i]; cout << e.source + 1 << ' ' << e.destination + 1 << ' ' << dest[i] + 1 << ' ' << dest[i + 1] + 1 << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const long long N = 2e5 + 5, inf = 1e18; long long Q1, Q2, n, tmp1, tmp2, par[N], V, c; bool mark[N], tmp; vector<long long> vec, adj[N]; pair<long long, long long> P[N]; long long get_par(long long v) { return (par[v] == -1 ? v : (par[v] = get_par(par[v]))); } bool marge(long long v, long long u) { v = get_par(v); u = get_par(u); if (u == v) return true; par[u] = v; return false; } void DFS(long long v, long long p) { mark[v] = true; for (auto u : adj[v]) { if (u == p) continue; if (mark[u] != true) DFS(u, v); else tmp = false; } } int32_t main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cin >> n; fill(par, par + n + 1, -1); for (long long i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> tmp1 >> tmp2; adj[tmp1].push_back(tmp2); adj[tmp2].push_back(tmp1); if (marge(tmp1, tmp2)) { P[c].first = tmp1; P[c].second = tmp2; Q1 = tmp1, Q2 = tmp2; c++; } } for (long long i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (mark[i] != true) { vec.push_back(i); tmp = true; DFS(i, 0); if (tmp) V = i; } } long long t = 0; cout << vec.size() - 1 << endl; for (long long i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) { long long X = vec[i]; if (X == V) continue; cout << P[t].first << " " << P[t].second << " " << V << " " << X << endl; t++; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void optimise() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); } long long int mod = (long long int)1e9 + 7; void normalize(long long int &a) { a = (a + mod) % mod; } long long int modmul(long long int a, long long int b) { a = a % mod; b = b % mod; normalize(a); normalize(b); return (a * b) % mod; } long long int modadd(long long int a, long long int b) { a = a % mod; b = b % mod; normalize(a); normalize(b); return (a + b) % mod; } long long int modsub(long long int a, long long int b) { a = a % mod; b = b % mod; normalize(a); normalize(b); return (a - b + mod) % mod; } long long int me(long long int x, long long int n) { x %= mod; if (n == 0) return 1; long long int u = me(x, n / 2) % mod; u = (u * u) % mod; if (n % 2) u = (u * x) % mod; return u; } long long int me1(long long int x, long long int n) { if (n == 0) return 1; long long int u = me1(x, n / 2); u = u * u; if (n % 2) u = u * x; return u; } inline long long int modInv(long long int a) { return me(a, mod - 2); } inline long long int modDiv(long long int a, long long int b) { return modmul(a, modInv(b)); } float power(float x, long long int y) { float temp; if (y == 0) return 1; temp = power(x, y / 2); if (y % 2 == 0) return temp * temp; else { if (y > 0) return x * temp * temp; else return (temp * temp) / x; } } long long int __gcd(long long int a, long long int b) { if (b == 0) return a; else return __gcd(b, a % b); } pair<long long int, long long int> operator+( pair<long long int, long long int> a, pair<long long int, long long int> b) { return {a.first + b.first, a.second + b.second}; } pair<long long int, long long int> operator-( pair<long long int, long long int> a, pair<long long int, long long int> b) { return {a.first - b.first, a.second - b.second}; } pair<long long int, long long int> operator*( pair<long long int, long long int> a, pair<long long int, long long int> b) { return {a.first * b.first, a.second * b.second}; } template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const set<T> &v) { for (auto it : v) os << it << " "; return os; } template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &v) { for (long long int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) os << v[i] << " "; return os; } const long long int N = 1e3 + 1; vector<long long int> vis(N); vector<long long int> G[N]; vector<long long int> parent(N); map<pair<long long int, long long int>, long long int> s; long long int g; void dfs(long long int v, long long int p) { vis[v] = 1; for (auto y : G[v]) { if (vis[y] and p != y and s.find({v, y}) == s.end() and s.find({y, v}) == s.end()) { s[{v, y}] = g; } else if (vis[y] == 0) { dfs(y, v); } } } void solve() { long long int n; cin >> n; vector<long long int> size1(n + 1); for (long long int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { long long int x, y; cin >> x >> y; G[x].push_back(y); G[y].push_back(x); } set<long long int> ans; for (long long int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (vis[i] == 0) { g = i; dfs(i, -1); if (i != 1) ans.insert(i); } } vector<pair<pair<long long int, long long int>, pair<long long int, long long int> > > p1; while (!ans.empty()) { auto k1 = *s.begin(); auto k2 = *ans.begin(); p1.push_back({{k1.first}, {k2, 1}}); s.erase(s.begin()); ans.erase(k2); } cout << p1.size() << "\n"; for (long long int i = 0; i < p1.size(); i++) { cout << p1[i].first.first << " " << p1[i].first.second << " " << p1[i].second.first << " " << p1[i].second.second << "\n"; } } signed main() { optimise(); long long int t; t = 1; cout << fixed << setprecision(3); while (t--) { solve(); cout << "\n"; } cerr << "\n" << "Time Elasped : " << 1.0 * clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n"; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast") #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops") using namespace std; ; long long max(long long a, long long b) { if (a > b) return a; else return b; } long long min(long long a, long long b) { if (a > b) return b; else return a; } long long gcd(long long a, long long b) { return (b == 0) ? a : gcd(b, a % b); } inline long long lcm(long long a, long long b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; } inline long long normalize(long long x, long long mod) { x %= mod; if (x < 0) x += mod; return x; } long long dx[4] = {0, 0, 1, -1}; long long dy[4] = {1, -1, 0, 0}; const long long mod = 1000 * 1000 * 1000 + 7; const long long inf = 1e18 + 5; long long powm(long long a, long long b) { long long res = 1; while (b) { if (b & 1) res = (res * a) % mod; a = (a * a) % mod; b >>= 1; } return res; } const long long N = 1e5 + 5; long long n; long long parent[1005], rank1[1005]; vector<pair<long long, long long> > rem; void make_set(long long v) { parent[v] = v; rank1[v] = 0; } long long find_set(long long v) { if (v == parent[v]) return v; return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v]); } void union_sets(long long a, long long b) { a = find_set(a); b = find_set(b); if (a != b) { if (rank1[a] < rank1[b]) swap(a, b); parent[b] = a; if (rank1[a] == rank1[b]) rank1[a]++; } } void solve() { cin >> n; for (long long i = (1); i < (n + 1); ++i) make_set(i); for (long long i = (1); i < (n); ++i) { long long u, v; cin >> u >> v; if (find_set(u) == find_set(v)) rem.push_back({u, v}); else union_sets(u, v); } vector<long long> tmp; for (long long i = (1); i < (n + 1); ++i) { if (find_set(i) == i) tmp.push_back(i); } cout << ((long long)tmp.size()) - 1 << "\n"; for (long long i = (0); i < (((long long)tmp.size()) - 1); ++i) cout << rem[i].first << " " << rem[i].second << " " << tmp[i] << " " << tmp[i + 1] << "\n"; } signed main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); cout << fixed << setprecision(10); long long t = 1; while (t--) { solve(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int par[1100]; vector<pair<pair<int, int>, pair<int, int> > > ans; int findParent(int x) { return par[x] == x ? x : par[x] = findParent(par[x]); } vector<int> vec; int main() { int n; cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) par[i] = i; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int x, y; scanf("%d%d", &x, &y); int a = findParent(x); int b = findParent(y); if (a == b) ans.push_back({{-1, -1}, {x, y}}); else par[b] = a; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (par[i] == i) vec.push_back(i); } for (int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) { ans[i].first = {vec[i], vec[i + 1]}; } cout << ans.size() << endl; for (int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) printf("%d %d %d %d\n", ans[i].second.first, ans[i].second.second, ans[i].first.first, ans[i].first.second); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void make_set(int v, int parent[], int sz[]) { parent[v] = v; sz[v] = 1; } int find_set(int v, int parent[]) { if (v == parent[v]) return v; return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v], parent); } void union_set(int a, int b, int parent[], int sz[]) { a = find_set(a, parent); b = find_set(b, parent); if (a != b) { if (sz[a] < sz[b]) { a = a + b; b = a - b; a = a - b; } parent[b] = a; sz[a] += sz[b]; } } int main() { int n; cin >> n; int parent[n + 1], sz[n + 1]; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) make_set(i, parent, sz); vector<pair<int, int> > edge; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; union_set(u, v, parent, sz); edge.push_back(make_pair(u, v)); } set<int> s; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) s.insert(find_set(i, parent)); int cnt = s.size(); if (cnt == 1) { cout << 0; return 0; } cout << cnt - 1 << endl; vector<pair<int, int> > form; for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) { int u = find_set(i, parent), v = find_set(i - 1, parent); if (u != v) { edge.push_back(make_pair(u, v)); form.push_back(make_pair(u, v)); union_set(i, i - 1, parent, sz); } } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) make_set(i, parent, sz); int k = 0; for (int i = 0; i < edge.size(); i++) { int u = edge[i].first, v = edge[i].second; if (find_set(u, parent) != find_set(v, parent)) union_set(u, v, parent, sz); else { cout << u << " " << v << " " << form[k].first << " " << form[k].second << endl; k++; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long md = 1000000007; long long bexp(long long a, long long b) { if (b == 0) return 1; if (b == 1) return a; long long r = bexp(a, b / 2); r = r * r; if (b % 2 == 0) return r; else return r * a; } long long n, e, m; vector<long long> ed[2005]; long long par[10005]; long long fd(long long x) { if (par[x] < 0) return x; return par[x] = fd(par[x]); } void un(long long a, long long b) { if (abs(par[a]) >= abs(par[b])) { par[a] += par[b]; par[b] = a; } else { par[b] += par[a]; par[a] = b; } } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL); int test_case = 1; while (test_case--) { long long i, j, ans = 0, k = 0; memset(par, -1, sizeof(par)); long long l = 0, r = 0, x = 0, y = 0; cin >> n; vector<pair<long long, long long>> v1; for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> l >> r; ed[l].push_back(r); ed[r].push_back(l); x = fd(l); y = fd(r); if (x != y) { un(x, y); } else { v1.push_back({l, r}); } } vector<long long> v; long long cnt = 0; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (par[i] < 0) { v.push_back(i); cnt++; } } cout << cnt - 1 << "\n"; i = 0; for (j = i + 1; j < cnt; j++) { cout << v1[j - 1].first << " " << v1[j - 1].second << " " << v[i] << " " << v[j] << "\n"; } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, a[1005], par[1005]; vector<pair<int, int> > v; vector<int> v1; void init() { for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i) par[i] = i; } int parent(int x) { if (par[x] == x) return x; return par[x] = parent(par[x]); } bool join(int x, int y) { x = parent(x); y = parent(y); if (x == y) return 0; par[x] = y; return 1; } int main() { cin >> n; init(); for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { int x, y; scanf("%d%d", &x, &y); if (!join(x, y)) { v.push_back({x, y}); } } for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { if (par[i] == i) { v1.push_back(i); } } cout << v.size() << endl; for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) { printf("%d %d %d %d\n", v[i].first, v[i].second, v1[i], v1[i + 1]); } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1005; int tree[N], y[N]; int Find(int k) { int k1 = k, k2; while (k != tree[k]) k = tree[k]; while (k1 != k) { k2 = tree[k1]; tree[k1] = k; k1 = k2; } return k; } struct node { int x, y; } x[N]; int main() { int n, i, a, b, A, B, o = 0, w = 0; scanf("%d", &n); for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) tree[i] = i; for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { scanf("%d%d", &a, &b); A = Find(a); B = Find(b); if (A != B) tree[A] = B; else { x[++o].x = a; x[o].y = b; } } for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (tree[i] == i) y[++w] = i; printf("%d\n", w - 1); for (i = 2; i <= w; i++) printf("%d %d %d %d\n", x[i - 1].x, x[i - 1].y, y[1], y[i]); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int par[100005], rank_[100005], size_[100005]; int find_set(int a) { if (par[a] == a) return a; par[a] = find_set(par[a]); return par[a]; } void make_set(int n) { par[n] = n; size_[n] = 1; } void union_set(int a, int b) { a = find_set(a); b = find_set(b); if (a != b) { if (size_[a] < size_[b]) { swap(a, b); } par[b] = a; size_[a] += size_[b]; } } int main() { int tc; int n, t1, t2; map<int, vector<int>> mp; cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { make_set(i); } vector<pair<int, int>> vec; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { cin >> t1 >> t2; if (find_set(t1) == find_set(t2)) vec.push_back({t1, t2}); else { union_set(t1, t2); } } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { mp[find_set(i)].push_back(i); } vector<int> rep; for (auto it : mp) { rep.push_back(it.first); } cout << vec.size() << endl; for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) { cout << vec[i].first << " " << vec[i].second << " " << rep[i] << " " << rep[i + 1] << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1010; int p[N]; bool f[N]; int find(int x) { if (p[x] != x) p[x] = find(p[x]); return p[x]; } void init() { for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) p[i] = i; } vector<int> v; vector<pair<int, int> > s; int main(void) { int n; cin >> n; init(); for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; if (find(a) == find(b)) s.push_back({a, b}); else p[find(a)] = find(b); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (f[find(i)] == 0) { f[find(i)] = 1; v.push_back(find(i)); } } cout << s.size() << endl; for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) { cout << s[i].first << " " << s[i].second << " " << v[i] << " " << v[i + 1] << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; template <class T> inline void chkmin(T& x, T y) { if (y < x) x = y; } template <class T> inline void chkmax(T& x, T y) { if (x < y) x = y; } bool vis[1010], c[1010]; int b[1010]; vector<int> adj[1010], id[1010]; pair<int, int> e[1010]; void dfs(int u) { int i, v; vis[u] = 1; for (i = 0; i < adj[u].size(); i++) { v = adj[u][i]; if (vis[v]) continue; c[id[u][i]] = 1; dfs(v); } } int main() { int n, i, u, v, m = 0; scanf("%d", &n); for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); adj[u].push_back(v); adj[v].push_back(u); id[u].push_back(i); id[v].push_back(i); e[i] = pair<int, int>(u, v); } for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (vis[i] == 0) { b[m++] = i; dfs(i); } printf("%d\n", m - 1); for (i = 1, m = 0; i < n; i++) if (c[i] == 0) printf("%d %d %d %d\n", e[i].first, e[i].second, b[m], b[m++]); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void read(int &a) { a = 0; char c = getchar(); while (c < '0' || c > '9') { c = getchar(); } while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { a = (a << 1) + (a << 3) + c - '0'; c = getchar(); } } int Set(int n, int pos) { return n = n | (1LL << pos); } int reset(int n, int pos) { return n = n & ~(1LL << pos); } bool check(int n, int pos) { return (bool)(n & (1LL << pos)); } int mul(int a, int b) { int c; c = (a % 1000000007 * b % 1000000007) % 1000000007; return c; } int add(int a, int b) { int c; c = (a % 1000000007 + b % 1000000007) % 1000000007; return c; } int sub(int a, int b) { int c; c = ((a % 1000000007 - b % 1000000007) % 1000000007 + 1000000007) % 1000000007; return c; } int power(int x, int y) { int res = 1; x = x; while (y > 0) { if (y & 1) res = (res * x); y = y >> 1; x = (x * x); } return res; } long long exgcd(long long x, long long y, long long &a, long long &b) { int flag = 0; long long t, la = 1, lb = 0, ra = 0, rb = 1; while (x % y) { if (flag == 0) la -= x / y * ra, lb -= x / y * rb; else ra -= x / y * la, rb -= x / y * lb; t = x, x = y, y = t % y; flag = 1 - flag; } if (flag == 0) a = ra, b = rb; else a = la, b = lb; return y; } int n; vector<pair<int, int> > edges; int par[1100]; int find_par(int u) { if (par[u] == u) return u; else return par[u] = find_par(par[u]); } vector<int> pare; int main() { read(n); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) par[i] = i; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { int u, v; read(u); read(v); int first = find_par(u); int second = find_par(v); if (first == second) edges.push_back(pair<int, int>(u, v)); else par[first] = second; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (par[i] == i) pare.push_back(i); } if (pare.size() == 1) printf("0\n"); else { printf("%d\n", edges.size()); for (int i = 0, j = 1; i < edges.size() && j < pare.size(); i++, j++) { printf("%d %d %d %d\n", edges[i].first, edges[i].second, pare[0], pare[j]); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int v[1000]; int parent[1000]; int r[1000]; void make_set(int v) { parent[v] = v; r[v] = 0; } int find_set(int v) { if (parent[v] == v) { return v; } return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v]); } void make_pair(int a, int b) { int pa = find_set(a); int pb = find_set(b); if (r[pa] < r[pb]) { swap(pa, pb); } parent[pb] = pa; r[pa] = r[pa] + r[pb]; } int main() { int t; cin >> t; int k = t; for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) { make_set(i); } int y[t], z[t]; int counter = 0; t--; while (t--) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; if (find_set(a - 1) != find_set(b - 1)) { make_pair(a - 1, b - 1); } else { y[counter] = a; z[counter] = b; counter++; } } counter--; if (counter == -1) { cout << 0; return 0; } cout << counter + 1 << endl; for (int i = 1; i < k; i++) { if (find_set(i) != find_set(0)) { cout << y[counter] << " " << z[counter] << " " << i + 1 << " " << 1 << endl; counter--; make_pair(i, 0); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int b[1003]; int a[1004], size[1003]; int root(long i) { while (a[i] != i) i = a[a[i]]; return i; } void join(long i, long j) { i = root(i); j = root(j); if (size[i] > size[j]) { a[j] = i; size[i] += size[j]; } else { a[i] = j; size[j] += size[i]; } } int v[1003]; int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); long n; cin >> n; long x, y; queue<pair<long, long> > q; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { a[i] = i; size[i] = 1; } for (long i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> x >> y; if (root(x) != root(y)) { join(x, y); } else q.push(make_pair(x, y)); } int w = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { int h = root(i); if (v[h] == 0) { v[h] = 1; w++; b[w] = h; } } cout << q.size() << endl; int i = 1; while (!q.empty()) { long h = q.front().first; long p = q.front().second; q.pop(); cout << h << " " << p << " " << b[i] << " " << b[i + 1] << endl; i++; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; vector<pair<int, int>> removed; vector<pair<int, int>> added; vector<int> parent; vector<int> sizes; int find_set(int a) { while (a != parent[a]) { a = parent[a]; } return a; } void union_set(int a, int b) { a = find_set(a); b = find_set(b); if (a == b) { return; } if (sizes[a] > sizes[b]) { parent[b] = a; sizes[a] += sizes[b]; } else { parent[a] = b; sizes[b] += sizes[a]; } } int main() { int n, i, j, a, b; cin >> n; sizes.resize(n + 1); parent.resize(n + 1); for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { parent[i] = i; sizes[i] = 1; } for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { cin >> a >> b; if (find_set(a) == find_set(b)) { removed.push_back(make_pair(a, b)); } else { union_set(a, b); } } for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) { if (find_set(i) != find_set(1)) { union_set(1, i); added.push_back(make_pair(i, 1)); } } cout << added.size() << endl; for (i = 0; i < added.size(); i++) { cout << removed[i].first << " " << removed[i].second << " " << added[i].first << " " << added[i].second << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int par[1001]; int n; int find(int v) { if (par[v] == v) return v; return par[v] = find(par[v]); } int main() { int p1, p2, a, b; cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) par[i] = i; vector<pair<int, int> > rem; for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++) { cin >> a >> b; p1 = find(a); p2 = find(b); if (p1 != p2) par[p2] = p1; else rem.push_back(make_pair(a, b)); } int prev = -1, k = 0; cout << rem.size() << "\n"; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (par[i] == i) { if (prev != -1) { cout << rem[k].first << " " << rem[k].second << " " << prev << " " << i << "\n"; k++; } prev = i; } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; ifstream fin("roads.in"); ofstream fout("roads.out"); typedef struct muchie { int a; int b; } muchie; int parent[10009]; int rankS[10009]; int findS(int a) { if (parent[a] == a) { return a; } parent[a] = findS(parent[a]); return parent[a]; } void unionS(int a, int b) { int n1 = findS(a); int n2 = findS(b); if (n1 == n2) { return; } rankS[n1] > rankS[n2] ? parent[n2] = n1 : parent[n1] = n2; if (rankS[n1] == rankS[n2]) { rankS[n2]++; } } void solve(int n, vector<muchie> muchii) { vector<muchie> toClose; vector<muchie> toOpen; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { parent[i] = i; } for (auto muchie : muchii) { if (findS(muchie.a) != findS(muchie.b)) { unionS(muchie.a, muchie.b); } else { toClose.push_back(muchie); } } for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) { if (findS(1) != findS(i)) { unionS(1, i); toOpen.push_back(muchie{1, i}); } } cout << toClose.size() << "\n"; for (int i = 0; i < toClose.size(); i++) { cout << toClose[i].a << " " << toClose[i].b << " " << toOpen[i].a << " " << toOpen[i].b << "\n"; } } int main() { int n, a, b; cin >> n; vector<muchie> muchii; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> a >> b; muchii.push_back(muchie{a, b}); } solve(n, muchii); }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, a[1000 + 3], b[1000 + 3]; vector<pair<int, int> > answer1, answer2; int parent[1000 + 3]; int findSet(int u) { return (u == parent[u] ? u : parent[u] = findSet(parent[u])); } bool isSameSet(int u, int v) { return findSet(u) == findSet(v); } void joinSet(int u, int v) { parent[findSet(u)] = findSet(v); } int main() { cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) cin >> a[i] >> b[i]; while (true) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) parent[i] = i; int edgeIdxToReplace = -1; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { if (isSameSet(a[i], b[i])) edgeIdxToReplace = i; else joinSet(a[i], b[i]); } if (edgeIdxToReplace == -1) break; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (!isSameSet(1, i)) { int u = findSet(1); int v = findSet(i); answer1.push_back({a[edgeIdxToReplace], b[edgeIdxToReplace]}); answer2.push_back({u, v}); a[edgeIdxToReplace] = u; b[edgeIdxToReplace] = v; break; } } } cout << (int)answer1.size() << endl; for (int i = 0; i < (int)answer1.size(); i++) { cout << answer1[i].first << " " << answer1[i].second << " " << answer2[i].first << " " << answer2[i].second << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long int M = 1000000007; long long int min(long long int a, long long int b, long long int c, long long int d) { long long int arr[4] = {a, b, c, d}; sort(arr, arr + 4); return arr[0]; } long long int max(long long int a, long long int b, long long int c, long long int d) { long long int arr[4] = {a, b, c, d}; sort(arr, arr + 4); return arr[3]; } long long int gcd(long long int a, long long int b) { if (b < a) { int temp = a; a = b; b = temp; } if (a == 0) { return b; } return gcd(b % a, a); } long long int lcm(long long int a, long long int b) { return (a * b / gcd(a, b)); } vector<long long int> getprimes() { vector<long long int> pl(101, 1); for (int i = 2; i <= 100; i++) { if (pl[i] == 1) { for (int j = 2 * i; j <= 100; j += i) { pl[j] = 0; } } } return pl; } double distsqrd(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) { return (x2 - x1) * (x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1) * (y2 - y1); } long long int fact(long long int first) { long long int ans = 1; if (first == 0) { return 1; } while (first > 0) { ans = (ans * first) % 1000000007; first--; } return ans % 1000000007; } long long int power(long long int a, long long int b) { long long int ans = 1; while (b > 0) { if (b % 2 == 1) { ans *= a; ans = ans; } b /= 2; a *= a; a = a; } return ans; } vector<int> getbinary(int first) { vector<int> bin(16, 0); int iter = 0; while (first > 0) { if (first % 2 == 1) { bin[iter] = 1; } else { bin[iter] = 0; } iter++; first /= 2; } return bin; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); int n; cin >> n; map<int, vector<int> > g; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; g[u].push_back(v); g[v].push_back(u); } vector<int> col(n + 1, 0); int parent[n + 1]; vector<int> scc; vector<pair<int, int> > nreq; stack<int> s; map<pair<int, int>, int> m1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (col[i] == 0) { parent[i] = -1; col[i] = 1; scc.push_back(i); s.push(i); while (!s.empty()) { int u = s.top(); s.pop(); for (auto v : g[u]) { if (col[v] == 1) { if (v != parent[u] && u != parent[v] && m1[make_pair(u, v)] == 0) { nreq.push_back(make_pair(u, v)); m1[make_pair(u, v)] = 1; m1[make_pair(v, u)] = 1; } } else { parent[v] = u; col[v] = 1; s.push(v); } } } } } n = scc.size(); cout << n - 1 << endl; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { cout << nreq[i].first << " " << nreq[i].second << " " << scc[i] << " " << scc[i + 1] << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; vector<int> g[2000]; int vis[2000]; vector<pair<int, int> > cyc; void dfs(int x, int scc) { if (vis[x] > 0) { return; } vis[x] = 1; int j; for (int i = 0; i < g[x].size(); i++) { for (j = 0; j < g[g[x][i]].size(); j++) { if (g[g[x][i]][j] == x) { g[g[x][i]].erase(g[g[x][i]].begin() + j); } } if (vis[g[x][i]] > 0) { cyc.push_back(make_pair(x, g[x][i])); } dfs(g[x][i], scc); } return; } int main() { int n, i, j, x, y, t, u; cin >> n; for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { cin >> x >> y; x--; y--; g[x].push_back(y); g[y].push_back(x); } memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis)); int scc = 0, days = 0; cyc.clear(); vector<int> store; store.clear(); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (vis[i] == 0) { scc++; store.push_back(i); dfs(i, scc); } } if (scc == 1) { cout << "0\n"; return 0; } j = 1; vector<pair<pair<int, int>, pair<int, int> > > v; v.clear(); for (i = 0; i < cyc.size(); i++) { v.push_back(make_pair(make_pair(cyc[i].first + 1, cyc[i].second + 1), make_pair(store[j - 1] + 1, store[j] + 1))); j++; } cout << v.size() << "\n"; for (i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) { cout << v[i].first.first << " " << v[i].first.second << " " << v[i].second.first << " " << v[i].second.second << "\n"; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void make_set(int v, int parent[], int r[]) { parent[v] = v; r[v] = 0; } int find_set(int v, int parent[]) { if (parent[v] == v) { return v; } return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v], parent); } void make_pair(int a, int b, int parent[], int r[]) { int pa = find_set(a, parent); int pb = find_set(b, parent); if (r[pa] < r[pb]) { swap(pa, pb); } parent[pb] = pa; r[pa] = r[pa] + r[pb]; } int main() { int t; cin >> t; int parent[t]; int r[t]; int k = t; for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) { make_set(i, parent, r); } vector<int> y, z; t--; while (t--) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; if (find_set(a - 1, parent) != find_set(b - 1, parent)) { make_pair(a - 1, b - 1, parent, r); } else { y.push_back(a); z.push_back(b); } } if (y.size() == 0) { cout << 0; return 0; } int counter = 0; cout << y.size() << endl; for (int i = 1; i < k; i++) { if (find_set(i, parent) != find_set(0, parent)) { cout << y[counter] << " " << z[counter] << " " << i + 1 << " " << 1 << endl; counter++; make_pair(i, 0, parent, r); } } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; vector<long long> id; vector<long long> used; vector<pair<long long, pair<long long, long long> > > v; vector<pair<long long, long long> > removed; vector<pair<long long, long long> > added; void initialize(long long n) { id.resize(n + 1); for (long long i = 0; i <= n; ++i) id[i] = i; } long long root(long long x) { if (x == id[x]) { return x; } return (id[x] = root(id[x])); } void union1(long long x, long long y) { id[root(x)] = id[root(y)]; } long long kruskal() { long long x, y; long long edges = v.size(); long long cost, minimumCost = 0; for (long long i = 0; i < edges; ++i) { x = v[i].second.first; y = v[i].second.second; cost = v[i].first; if (root(x) != root(y)) { if (cost) added.push_back(make_pair(x, y)); union1(x, y); } else { if (!cost) removed.push_back(make_pair(x, y)), minimumCost++; } } return minimumCost; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0); long long n, m, t, k, r, i, j, temp, temp1, temp2, temp3, x, x1, x2, x3, y, weight; string str; cin >> n; initialize(n); for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> x1 >> x2; v.push_back(make_pair(0, make_pair(x1, x2))); } for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { for (j = i + 1; j <= n; j++) { v.push_back(make_pair(1, make_pair(i, j))); } } sort(v.begin(), v.end()); cout << kruskal() << endl; for (i = 0; i < removed.size(); i++) { cout << removed[i].first << " " << removed[i].second << " " << added[i].first << " " << added[i].second << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1005; vector<int> graph[N], p; vector<pair<int, int> > not_tree_edge; int n; bool was[N], fordel[N][N]; void dfs(int v) { was[v] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < (int)(graph[v]).size(); i++) { int to = graph[v][i]; if (!was[to]) { fordel[v][to] = fordel[to][v] = false; dfs(to); } } } int main() { cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; graph[u].push_back(v); graph[v].push_back(u); fordel[u][v] = fordel[v][u] = true; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (!was[i]) { p.push_back(i); dfs(i); } } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < (int)(graph[i]).size(); j++) { int to = graph[i][j]; if (i < to) if (fordel[i][to]) not_tree_edge.push_back(make_pair(i, to)); } cout << (int)(p).size() - 1 << endl; for (int i = 1; i < (int)(p).size(); i++) cout << not_tree_edge[i - 1].first << " " << not_tree_edge[i - 1].second << " " << p[0] << " " << p[i] << endl; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int visit[1001]; int setnum(int n) { if (visit[n] == n or visit[n] == -1) return visit[n]; visit[n] = setnum(visit[n]); return visit[n]; } void join(int u, int v) { int t1 = setnum(u), t2 = setnum(v); if (t2 != -1) visit[t2] = t1; else { visit[v] = t1; } } int same(int u, int v) { int t1 = setnum(u), t2 = setnum(v); return (t1 == t2); } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int n, u, v, ans = 0; vector<pair<int, int> > graph; vector<int> not_required; vector<pair<int, int> > changes; cin >> n; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { cin >> u >> v; graph.push_back(make_pair(u, v)); } for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) visit[i] = -1; for (int i = 0; i < graph.size(); i++) { u = graph[i].first, v = graph[i].second; if (setnum(u) == setnum(v) and setnum(u) != -1) { not_required.push_back(i); join(u, v); } else if (visit[u] != -1) { join(u, v); } else if (visit[v] != -1) { join(v, u); } else { visit[u] = visit[v] = u; } } ans = not_required.size(); for (int j = 0; j < not_required.size(); j++) { int t1 = graph[not_required[j]].first; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (visit[i] == -1 or !same(t1, i)) { join(t1, i); changes.push_back(make_pair(t1, i)); break; } } } cout << ans << "\n"; for (int i = 0; i < ans; i++) { cout << graph[not_required[i]].first << " " << graph[not_required[i]].second << " " << changes[i].first << " " << changes[i].second << "\n"; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1e3 + 5; int f[N]; struct node { int s, e; } a[N], c[N]; void init() { for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) f[i] = i; } int findd(int x) { if (x != f[x]) f[x] = findd(f[x]); return f[x]; } int h[N]; int main() { int n; int x, y, z, b; int l, r; while (cin >> n) { init(); l = r = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { cin >> a[i].s >> a[i].e; x = findd(a[i].s); y = findd(a[i].e); if (x == y) { c[l].s = a[i].s; c[l++].e = a[i].e; } else f[x] = y; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (i == f[i]) h[r++] = i; cout << r - 1 << endl; if (r > 1) for (int i = 0; i < r - 1; i++) cout << c[i].s << " " << c[i].e << " " << h[r - 1] << " " << h[i] << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; vector<int> g[1005]; vector<int> comp[1005]; vector<pair<int, int>> destroy; bool visited[1005]; bool visited2[1005]; int parent[1005]; bool a[1005][1005]; void dfs(int v) { visited2[v] = true; for (int i = 0; i < g[v].size(); i++) { int temp = g[v][i]; if (parent[v] != temp) { if (!visited2[temp] && a[v][temp]) { parent[temp] = v; dfs(temp); } else { if (a[v][temp]) { destroy.push_back(make_pair(v, temp)); a[v][temp] = false; a[temp][v] = false; } } } } } int main() { int n; scanf("%d", &n); int u, v; int cnt = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); g[u].push_back(v); g[v].push_back(u); a[v][u] = true; a[u][v] = true; } queue<int> q; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (!visited[i]) { visited[i] = true; q.push(i); comp[cnt].push_back(i); while (!q.empty()) { v = q.front(); q.pop(); for (int j = 0; j < g[v].size(); j++) { int temp = g[v][j]; if (!visited[temp]) { visited[temp] = true; q.push(temp); comp[cnt].push_back(temp); } } } cnt++; } } int ans = cnt - 1; bool good = true; int num = ans; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (!visited2[i]) { dfs(i); } } printf("%d\n", ans); for (int i = 0; i < ans; i++) { printf("%d %d ", destroy[i].first, destroy[i].second); printf("%d %d\n", comp[i][0], comp[i + 1][0]); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int road[1010], pairs[1010][2]; int main() { int N, x, y, keep = 0; cin >> N; for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) road[i] = i; for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) { cin >> x >> y; if (road[x] == road[y]) { pairs[keep][0] = x; pairs[keep][1] = y; keep++; } else { int temp = road[y]; for (int j = 1; j <= N; j++) { if (road[j] == temp) road[j] = road[x]; } } } cout << keep << "\n"; for (int i = 0; i < keep; i++) { int temp = 0; cout << pairs[i][0] << " " << pairs[i][1] << " " << road[1] << " "; for (int j = 1; j <= N; j++) { if (road[j] != road[1]) { cout << road[j] << "\n"; temp = road[j]; break; } } for (int j = 1; j <= N; j++) { if (road[j] == temp) road[j] = road[1]; } } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; using ll = long long; vector<pair<int, int>> rem; vector<int> vis(1005), comp(1005); void dfs(int s, int p, vector<int> adj[]) { vis[s] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < adj[s].size(); i++) { if (adj[s][i] != p) { if (vis[adj[s][i]] == 0) { dfs(adj[s][i], s, adj); } else if (vis[adj[s][i]] == 1) { rem.push_back({s, adj[s][i]}); } } } vis[s] = 2; } int main() { int n; cin >> n; vector<int> adj[n + 1]; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; adj[x].push_back(y); adj[y].push_back(x); } int num = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (vis[i] == 0) { comp[num++] = i; dfs(i, 0, adj); } } cout << num - 1 << endl; for (int i = 0; i < num - 1; i++) { cout << rem[i].first << " " << rem[i].second << " " << comp[i] << " " << comp[i + 1] << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int parent[3001]; int ranke[3001]; int cycle[3001]; vector<int> lol; vector<pair<int, int> > bad; vector<vector<int> > spisok; set<int> komponents; void make_new(int v) { parent[v] = v; ranke[v] = 0; } int find_set(int v) { if (parent[v] == v) return v; else { return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v]); } } void set_union(int a, int b) { pair<int, int> c = make_pair(a, b); a = find_set(a); b = find_set(b); if (a == b) bad.push_back(c); if (a != b) { if (ranke[a] < ranke[b]) swap(a, b); parent[a] = b; komponents.erase(a); if (ranke[a] == ranke[b]) ranke[b]++; } } int main() { memset(cycle, 0, sizeof(cycle)); int n, i, j; cin >> n; spisok.resize(n + 1, lol); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { komponents.insert(i + 1); make_new(i + 1); } for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; set_union(a, b); spisok[a].push_back(b); spisok[b].push_back(a); } int tre; set<int>::iterator it, it2; it = komponents.begin(); it2 = it; j = 0; cout << komponents.size() - 1 << endl; for (i = 0; i < komponents.size() - 1; i++) { it2++; cout << bad[j].first << " " << bad[j].second << " " << *it << " " << *it2; cout << endl; j++; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long gcd(long long a, long long b) { return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b); } long long lcm(long long a, long long b) { return (a * b) / gcd(a, b); } const int N = 500001; int sz[N], p[N]; vector<int> cycles; void initialize() { iota(p, p + N, 0); fill(sz, sz + N, 1); } int FindParent(int u) { return p[u] = (p[u] == u ? u : FindParent(p[u])); } void Union(int u, int v) { u = FindParent(u); v = FindParent(v); if (u == v) return; if (sz[v] < sz[u]) swap(u, v); p[u] = v; sz[v] += sz[u]; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); ; initialize(); int n; cin >> n; int t = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; if (FindParent(a) != FindParent(b)) Union(a, b); else cycles.push_back(a), cycles.push_back(b); } set<int> a; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { a.insert(FindParent(i)); } cout << a.size() - 1 << '\n'; int z = 0; vector<int> b; for (auto l : a) b.push_back(l); for (int i = 0; i < b.size() - 1; ++i) { cout << cycles[z] << " " << cycles[z + 1] << " " << b[i] << " " << b[i + 1] << '\n'; z += 2; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; constexpr int maxn = 1005, inf = 0x3f3f3f3f; int f[maxn], n, m, vis[maxn], ans; vector<int> e[maxn]; set<pair<int, int>> st; struct w { int a, b, c, d; } q[maxn]; int find(int x) { if (f[x] == x) return x; else return f[x] = find(f[x]); } inline void hb(int x, int y) { int fx = find(x); int fy = find(y); f[fx] = fy; } int main() { cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { f[i] = i; } for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; if (find(u) != find(v)) hb(u, v); else st.insert({u, v}); } for (auto x : st) { int fa = find(x.first); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (find(i) == fa) continue; q[++ans] = ((w){x.first, x.second, x.first, i}); hb(x.first, i); break; } } cout << ans << endl; for (int i = 1; i <= ans; i++) { printf("%d %d %d %d\n", q[i].a, q[i].b, q[i].c, q[i].d); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 1010; int par[N]; bool mark[N], mark2[N]; vector<int> u[N]; vector<pair<int, int> > v[N], ans, ans2; pair<int, int> yal[N]; void dfs(int y, int r) { mark[y] = true; par[y] = r; for (int i = 0; i < v[y].size(); i++) { if (!mark[v[y][i].first]) { u[y].push_back(v[y][i].first); u[v[y][i].first].push_back(y); mark2[v[y][i].second] = true; dfs(v[y][i].first, r); } } } int root(int u) { return (par[u] == u) ? u : par[u] = root(par[u]); } void mrg(int x, int y) { int dx = root(x), dy = root(y); if (dx == dy) return; par[dx] = dy; } int main() { int n, m; cin >> n; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; a--; b--; v[a].push_back({b, i}); v[b].push_back({a, i}); yal[i] = {a, b}; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (mark[i] == false) { dfs(i, i); } } for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) { if (root(i) != root(j)) { u[i].push_back(j); u[j].push_back(i); ans.push_back({i, j}); mrg(i, j); } } } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (mark2[i] == false) ans2.push_back(yal[i]); } cout << ans.size() << endl; for (int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) { cout << ans2[i].first + 1 << " " << ans2[i].second + 1 << " "; cout << ans[i].first + 1 << " " << ans[i].second + 1 << endl; } }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, m, parent[1009], x, y, kkomp; vector<pair<int, int> > forDel; set<int> komp; int find_set(int v) { if (parent[v] == v) return v; return parent[v] = find_set(parent[v]); } void union_set(int v, int u) { u = find_set(u); v = find_set(v); if (rand() % 2 == 0) parent[v] = u; else parent[u] = v; } int main() { cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) parent[i] = i; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { cin >> x >> y; if (find_set(x) == find_set(y)) forDel.push_back(make_pair(x, y)); else union_set(x, y); } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) komp.insert(find_set(i)); cout << komp.size() - 1 << endl; kkomp = komp.size(); if (komp.size() == 1) return 0; for (int i = 0; i < forDel.size(); i++) { if (komp.size() == 0) break; cout << forDel[i].first << ' ' << forDel[i].second << ' ' << *komp.begin() << ' '; komp.erase(*komp.begin()); cout << *komp.begin() << endl; } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; string alpha = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; const long long mod = 1e9 + 7; const long long inf = 2e18 + 5; const long long nax = 1010; vector<unordered_set<long long>> g; stack<long long> C; stack<long long> UC; vector<bool> visited(nax); void dfs(long long u) { visited[u] = true; for (auto v : g[u]) { if (!visited[v]) { dfs(v); } } } bool has_cycle(long long u) { unordered_set<long long> visited; visited.insert(u); unordered_map<long long, long long> parent; parent[u] = u; vector<long long> frt = {u}; vector<long long> nxt; while (!frt.empty()) { nxt.clear(); for (auto u : frt) { for (auto v : g[u]) { if (!visited.count(v)) { parent[v] = u; visited.insert(v); nxt.push_back(v); } else if (parent[u] == v) { continue; } else { return true; } } } frt = nxt; } return false; } pair<long long, long long> get_edge(long long u) { unordered_set<long long> visited; visited.insert(u); unordered_map<long long, long long> parent; parent[u] = u; vector<long long> frt = {u}; vector<long long> nxt; while (!frt.empty()) { nxt.clear(); for (auto u : frt) { for (auto v : g[u]) { if (!visited.count(v)) { parent[v] = u; visited.insert(v); nxt.push_back(v); } else if (parent[u] == v) { continue; } else { return {v, u}; } } } frt = nxt; } assert(false); return {0, 0}; } long long cnt; string res = ""; void unite(long long u, long long v) { cnt++; auto p = get_edge(u); long long a = p.first; long long b = p.second; g[b].erase(a); g[a].erase(b); g[b].insert(v); g[v].insert(b); res += to_string(a) + " " + to_string(b) + " " + to_string(b) + " " + to_string(v) + '\n'; } signed main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); long long n; cin >> n; g = vector<unordered_set<long long>>(n + 1); for (long long i = (0); i < (n - 1); i++) { long long u, v; cin >> u >> v; g[u].insert(v); g[v].insert(u); } vector<long long> roots; for (long long i = (1); i < (n + 1); i++) { if (!visited[i]) { roots.push_back(i); dfs(i); } } for (auto r : roots) { if (has_cycle(r)) { C.push(r); } else { UC.push(r); } } while (!C.empty()) { long long u, v; u = C.top(); C.pop(); v = UC.top(); UC.pop(); unite(u, v); if (has_cycle(u)) { C.push(u); } else { UC.push(u); } } cout << cnt << '\n'; cout << res; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 5005; const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f; int n; long long a[N], g[2][N]; int dp[2][N]; inline long long read() { long long f = 1, x = 0; char ch = getchar(); while (ch > '9' || ch < '0') { if (ch == '-') f = -1; ch = getchar(); } while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') { x = x * 10 + ch - '0'; ch = getchar(); } return f * x; } inline void upd(int& x, int y) { x = min(x, y); } inline long long f(long long x) { if (x % 2 == 0) return x / 2; return x; } int main() { n = read(), a[0] = 1; for (int i = (n), iend = (1); i >= iend; i--) a[i] = read(); dp[0][0] = 0, g[0][0] = 1; for (int i = (1), iend = (n); i <= iend; i++) { for (int j = (0), jend = (i); j <= jend; j++) dp[i & 1][j] = INF; for (int j = (0), jend = (i - 1); j <= jend; j++) { int t = i & 1; if ((2 * a[i]) % g[t ^ 1][j] == 0 && (2 * a[i] / g[t ^ 1][j]) % 2 != g[t ^ 1][j] % 2) upd(dp[t][i], dp[t ^ 1][j]), g[t][i] = a[i]; upd(dp[t][j], dp[t ^ 1][j] + 1), g[t][j] = f(g[t ^ 1][j]); } } int ans = INF; for (int i = (0), iend = (n); i <= iend; i++) upd(ans, dp[n & 1][i]); printf("%d", ans); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long rdtsc() { long long tmp; asm("rdtsc" : "=A"(tmp)); return tmp; } const int maxn = 5000; long long a[maxn], d[maxn]; long long gcd(long long a, long long b) { return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a; } int cntTwo[maxn]; long long without[maxn]; bool ok(int i, int j) { if (without[i] % without[j]) return 0; return (cntTwo[i] - cntTwo[j] == i - j) || (cntTwo[j] < (j - i)); } int main() { srand(rdtsc()); int n; while (scanf("%d", &n) >= 1) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%lld", &a[i]); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int &cnt = cntTwo[i]; cnt = 0; for (long long x = a[i]; x && !(x & 1); x >>= 1) cnt++; without[i] = (a[i] >> cnt); } d[0] = 0; long long ans = n - 1; for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { d[i] = i; for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) { if (ok(j, i)) d[i] = min(d[i], d[j] + i - j - 1); } ans = min(ans, n - i - 1 + d[i]); } printf( "%lld" "\n", ans); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast") using namespace std; long long p[5005], a[5005], dp[5005]; signed main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); long long n; cin >> n; for (long long i = 1; i <= n; i++) { cin >> a[i]; while (a[i] % 2 == 0) { p[i]++; a[i] /= 2; } } long long ans = 0; for (long long i = 1; i <= n; i++) { dp[i] = 1; for (long long j = 1; j < i; j++) { if (a[j] % a[i] == 0 && (p[i] - p[j] == i - j || p[i] < i - j)) dp[i] = max(dp[i], dp[j] + 1); } ans = max(ans, dp[i]); } cout << n - ans; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int dp[5005][5005], precal[5005]; long long ara[5005]; int solve(int now, int prv) { if (now < 0) return 0; int &ret = dp[now][prv]; if (ret != -1) return ret; long long prvval = (ara[prv] >> min(prv - now - 1, precal[prv])); ret = 1 + solve(now - 1, prv); if (prvval & 1) { if (ara[now] % prvval == 0) ret = min(ret, solve(now - 1, now)); } else if (ara[now] % prvval == (prvval >> 1)) ret = min(ret, solve(now - 1, now)); return ret; } int main() { int i, n; scanf("%d", &n); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { scanf("%I64d", &ara[i]); precal[i] = __builtin_ctzll(ara[i]); } ara[n] = 1; precal[n] = 0; memset(dp, -1, sizeof(dp)); cout << solve(n - 1, n) << endl; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int dp[100000]; long long a[100000], n; int c[100000]; long long z[100000]; long long ci(long long i) { int u = 0; while (i % 2 == 0) { i /= 2; u++; } return u; } long long zhi(long long i) { while (i % 2 == 0) i /= 2; return i; } int main() { cin >> n; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> a[i]; c[i] = ci(a[i]); z[i] = zhi(a[i]); } int ans = 1000000; for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) { dp[i] = n - i - 1; for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) if (z[i] % z[j] == 0) { if (c[j] < j - i) dp[i] = min(dp[j] + (j - i - 1), dp[i]); else if (c[j] - c[i] == j - i) dp[i] = min(dp[j] + (j - i - 1), dp[i]); } ans = min(dp[i] + i, ans); } cout << ans << endl; return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n; vector<long long> a; vector<int> cnt(5005); void Input() { cin >> n; a.resize(n + 5); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { cin >> a[i]; while (a[i] % 2 == 0) { a[i] /= 2, cnt[i]++; } } a[n + 1] = 1; } bool check(long long a, long long b, int j, int i) { return a % b == 0 && (cnt[j] + i - j == cnt[i] || cnt[i] <= i - j - 1); } void Solve() { vector<int> dp(n + 5); dp[1] = 0; for (int i = 2; i <= n + 1; i++) { dp[i] = i - 1; for (int j = i - 1; j >= 1; j--) { if (check(a[j], a[i], j, i)) dp[i] = min(dp[i], dp[j] + i - j - 1); } } cout << min(dp[n + 1], n - 1); } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); int t = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= t; i++) { Input(); Solve(); } return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long str[5010]; int B[5010], dp[5010]; int n; bool ok(int j, int i) { if (str[j] % str[i] != 0) return false; if (B[i] == 0) return true; else { if (i - j == B[i] - B[j]) return true; if (B[i] < i - j) return true; } return false; } int main() { scanf("%d", &n); memset(B, 0, sizeof(B)); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { scanf("%I64d", &str[i]); while (str[i] % 2 == 0) { B[i]++; str[i] /= 2; } } str[n] = 1; dp[0] = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { dp[i] = i; for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) if (ok(j, i)) dp[i] = min(dp[i], dp[j] + i - j - 1); } printf("%d\n", dp[n]); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N = 5e5 + 5; int n, f[N]; long long a[N], b[N], c[N]; int main() { cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { scanf("%I64d", a + i); a[n + 1] = 1; long long t = a[i]; while (t % 2 == 0) t /= 2, b[i]++; c[i] = t; } for (int i = 1; i <= n + 1; i++) { f[i] = i - 1; for (int j = 0; j <= i - 1; j++) { if (a[j] != 0 && a[i] % a[j] == 0 && i - j <= 50) { if (a[i] / a[j] == 1LL << (i - j)) { f[i] = min(f[i], f[j] + i - j - 1); } } if (a[i] % 2 == 0) { long long l = c[j], r = c[i]; int cl = b[j], cr = b[i]; if (l % r != 0) continue; if (cr > cl && cr - cl == i - j) { f[i] = min(f[j] + i - j - 1, f[i]); } if (cr - 1 + (cl > 0) <= i - j - 1) { f[i] = min(f[j] + i - j - 1, f[i]); } } if (a[i] % 2 == 1) if (a[j] % a[i] == 0) { f[i] = min(f[j] + i - j - 1, f[i]); continue; } } } cout << f[n + 1]; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; long long a[5111], y, yy; int lmax[5111], cnt[5111], llmax; int N, i, j, k; int main() { scanf("%d", &N); for (i = 1; i <= N; i++) scanf("%I64d", &a[i]); for (llmax = 0, i = 1; i <= N; i++) { lmax[i] = 0; cnt[i] = 0; y = a[i]; while ((y & 1) == 0) { y >>= 1; cnt[i]++; } for (j = i - 1; j >= 1; j--) { k = i - j; if (k > cnt[i]) { if (a[j] % y == 0 && lmax[j] > lmax[i]) lmax[i] = lmax[j]; } else { yy = y << (cnt[i] - k); if (a[j] % yy == 0 && ((a[j] / yy) & 1 == 1) && lmax[j] > lmax[i]) lmax[i] = lmax[j]; } } lmax[i]++; if (lmax[i] > llmax) llmax = lmax[i]; } printf("%d\n", N - llmax); return 0; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, dp[10001], v[10001]; long long f[10001]; int main() { cin >> n; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { cin >> f[i]; while (f[i] % 2 == 0) f[i] /= 2, v[i]++; } int ans = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { dp[i] = 1; for (int j = 1; j < i; j++) if (f[j] % f[i] == 0 && (v[i] - i == v[j] - j || v[i] <= i - j - 1)) dp[i] = max(dp[i], dp[j] + 1); ans = max(ans, dp[i]); } cout << n - ans << '\n'; }
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int maxn = 5000 + 100; long long n; bool mat[maxn][maxn]; long long a[maxn]; int dp[maxn]; bool check(long long x, long long y, long long k) { long long xp = (x & (-x)); long long yp = (y & (-y)); long long kp = (1ll << min(k, 60ll)); if (yp / kp > 1 && yp / kp != xp * 2) return false; return (x / xp) % (y / yp) == 0; } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin >> n; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) cin >> a[i]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) for (int j = i + 1; j < n; ++j) mat[i][j] = check(a[i], a[j], j - i - 1); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) mat[i][n] = true; for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) dp[i] = maxn; for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; --i) for (int j = i + 1; j < n + 1; ++j) if (mat[i][j]) dp[i] = min(dp[i], dp[j] + j - i - 1); int ans = maxn; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) ans = min(ans, dp[i] + i); cout << ans << endl; return 0; }