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On more technical level, Maiolino introduces the transmission
spectroscopy as a main exoplanet characterization tool – in
the real world this is a commonly used technique that brought
up the first direct detections of exoatmospheres
{{cite:3cc4e4d48e71a5070e73615d25dfef4a1a17c1bb}}, {{cite:165f17192b97b4e492131a7c69849... | m | 9341c72523c1c65fd0722be4e399dbd4 |
Further, we will call a snapshot {{formula:5ad70644-71e1-4644-b02f-d99e78e41367}} reconstructible from observations via {{formula:f567e8fe-e1a0-4739-b7ad-3ce7b6194484}} if it satisfies a particular type of source condition
which is sufficient to reconstruct {{formula:7ce788c3-b50a-44bb-b1e4-b5df3661a847}} exactly fr... | r | 73896a85cc4dc06696b587e52ffce106 |
(i) PGG
In the most well-known and widely accepted version of PGG a cooperator contributes a {{formula:33d3746d-5c95-4865-936f-f4ebbdfc8043}} amount to the common pool, while a defector player does not. The sum of contributions is enlarged and distributed among all group members. The corresponding payoff values of th... | d | 4228ad589e52fa02c2b40b725974a5f7 |
Both our methods use the same {{formula:0a1b3be3-e55c-479d-968d-4b05aeabf5ad}} backbone in order to obtain the localization map. This backbone is a ResNet 18 {{cite:ee9bbfec943652357f7f5836763b86dd0ce6b272}} with four blocks with a receptive field is of size {{formula:40b29815-77e3-4fe8-bfc4-4350e3153cbd}} . The Resne... | m | 48189779e7e63370b1a97c8f53d73db8 |
Malcev Yang-Baxter equation and {{formula:7657d149-7a59-469c-824d-e6f054efc92b}} -operators.
The notion of Malcev bialgebra was introduced by Vershinin in {{cite:9b1c1022af66bd3593d2ce5c8fac254763a31709}} as an analogue of a Lie bialgebra
(also see {{cite:942e7612977ecc648f66e5b571a8538941620e3f}}). A class of Malcev b... | i | b092e1b00f87b7ca5598eac664306bf8 |
Another sequence that arises in this way is the regular paperfolding sequence {{formula:607b0191-05af-4b02-910e-7044cf853132}} defined by {{formula:b6ce4bba-3464-41a0-8c9d-fec010dbdd0c}} and {{formula:eb72afc7-888b-4d6c-a781-e1e363f07245}} (see for example {{cite:4e68f5c2537b0e21c614f248e9e08c15dbf956f1}}). If we le... | r | 9e5e956f7dee3adb77837984a79d702b |
Next, our achievable scheme based on rate-splitting and superposition coding is combined with binning. This more general scheme requires for its analysis a generalization of the mutual covering lemma of {{cite:b6117960ebbec78e8f7cf029e8144aa737656647}} (see also {{cite:cfd7078c68781a1d57d5ffeefbb4ba64a8b9737f}}) which ... | i | 3849f299cd3d4179055534fcd813f35b |
Table REF shows the results for the three models we compare (IR, seq2seq, and Transformer) when using word overlap measures such as BLEU@2, which uses unigrams and bigrams only, and ROUGE-L {{cite:b450887a80f860296a3e9736a86def9678c06909}}, which uses Longest Common Subsequence (LCS).
{{table:ea435586-0aa0-4109-a1b1-3... | r | 61b38a5574f6445f1054350dfecfaaeb |
The uniform structure of the high-friction flow state in the form of spanwise rollers in figure REF resembles an instability of Kelvin-Helmholtz type. Such instabilities have a profound effect on wall-bounded flows that allow wall transpiration, for example, channels with porous walls or riblets {{cite:bfc5de55efdbad6... | d | ff14b47410a2a0ec35ccd703d48a2316 |
The Electron-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory {{cite:0d015d8ea26852a55ce874b23648780a9360c7bb}}, {{cite:b73162f022d69426bb89c9ceaeba924ad4d30ac9}} will open an entirely new window on hadron structure through the use of high-intensity, high-energy electron and ion collisions. A recent proposal for later up... | i | 7a06b7e503fc2ab0041fa87fd5dde7ae |
A special case of constant modular weights is that all {{formula:e6812b1b-6dc6-452b-ae59-7f4b5ca026a1}} are the same,
i.e., a constant. In this special case, the signal sequence {{formula:9cff30ae-7fe2-4c8d-b25c-f82ddfafa11e}} to transmit
is the delta sequence, i.e., {{formula:95cff076-ed48-4b22-a992-53a0c77ba012}} ,... | d | 84db778168710e23575de5f67bd5c224 |
In recent years, the single HSI super-resolution technologies have attracted increasing attention in remotely sensed data enhancement {{cite:6609379f1baafa9e972cb2e8a79f778111aae387}}. Particularly, Deep Learning (DL)-based single image super-resolution (SISR) methods have achieved significant performance improvement {... | i | 5a30b87aa377a78f6f410288cc1507fb |
Rapid developments in quantum computing hardware {{cite:19e208f217eb5e1923729b752c174794c7a6a8e7}}, {{cite:6940b82206564d2d9e874a33c7953c7e47b32d46}}, {{cite:5b3ad4ca852d86cfab72d6a9307677cb7daba2cd}} have led to an explosion of interest in near-term applications {{cite:2529915e41da374627295c39bc6888aeb939db61}}, {{cit... | i | 18648b66794bb84e3d9feb71f4674580 |
As described by, for instance, {{cite:9101d104f016f247884b903d3ab9f838a849c01e}}, {{cite:87a129f7fed1865990a7a999e3649bb91ef05968}} and {{cite:ebe455115132f9e7da7b159acb29708ec80d2fd3}}, if {{formula:21b77d6d-ccd1-4375-8393-d95dcdcbd330}} is a
majorizer of the convex function {{formula:b56d7c58-d922-4b05-a6c3-74aa36cd... | m | 39ca412292152270f83c64aee05dbbdc |
This subsection will provide detailed discussion about the main difference among the proposed GSRC method, the BM3D mehod{{cite:7ee78bcca2846e3917c373d728de447853a5e31f}}, the NCSR method {{cite:5759df62abec4948dc20337e91e4614bc48787f1}} and most existing NSS prior-based denoising methods.
| d | 66d6da2e276a9e29215c550e8afe90fc |
Moreover, we investigated how the evolution of clouds depends on the parameters {{formula:bb292d2b-6e3e-4a10-8221-a331840f5dc5}} .
We found that for a large {{formula:472076f1-4bbd-4a14-b4fc-f6b93f05de69}} , clouds evolve into a quasi-stationary state as we obtained in {{formula:e64662b3-985f-4d3d-b107-8b1daf9786e4}} ... | d | 5a166bc4dc924d710cba87aa11fc740d |
On the other hand, although some magnetar theories predict the possible existence of QPOs of tens of Hz in SGRB precursor (e.g. {{cite:c0af9f67db04b648895b51cb088848af4f46b9e6}}, {{cite:c8f3c6d4a6c358dd9126df672a37381781d45a93}}, {{cite:27e24cd9d0618cc967466a54b0c535642bfa0c04}}), the duration of the precursors of SGRB... | d | 9c0f239112db9e69e383f1c2eb6eaaff |
Stockmeyer L.J. and Meyer A.R. have employed the highly ingenious technique
for the implementation of this simulation (see the proof of Theorem 4.3 in
{{cite:4997b092d99dadf20567db173719381fe6a663bf}}). Their approach permits writing down a polynomially bounded formula
for the modeling of the exponential quantity of th... | m | 473e10b2033bce60fa80a0a912f7245f |
Remark 1.9 The statement of Theorem REF is true for all non-elementary, finitely generated Fuchsian groups {{formula:1281d8e0-8442-4757-b4ad-3970babaaae6}} . For the modular group {{formula:df6e2216-64d6-4f10-b290-60bf16905c3d}} (in which case we have {{formula:9db85ccd-8fc1-474d-adbe-0962d866a9ff}} ) Selberg's famou... | r | 99d7a8223468054c72b0b35368c483de |
The solution theory of (REF ) is standard and was accomplished by Ito's calculus or martingale problem.
The existence and uniqueness of the solution of (REF ) under those initial conditions follow from {{cite:d4b9a751bcf2a9b1bacf76c5b1010c38acd518d7}} (see also {{cite:99c9cf091aa767cacb092bcc692a178789bbc5c6}}).
Thanks... | i | 2da3a8bd86699966ab7d7c16b85eb144 |
The most commonly used metrics {{cite:4114bfecf8c626eba6e6b64cc7321e4ff271b9b6}}, {{cite:387064fd32fa42cb63994ceab6eaa1abab8d0817}}, {{cite:c22734455b11ef598a36f06163c8debd4125ee49}} in continual learning literature to evaluate forgetting are the average accuracy
{{formula:f4d4eb9f-104e-44eb-a78e-2c0f692efcc2}}
| d | 2e7025327646e4a46785b9bd89c5f830 |
We show in Fig. REF the amplitude of {{formula:1e59ae87-d9b8-414f-9333-7c9493e7d697}} and its right-ascension phase as a function of the energy, as expected for the JF12 (left panel) and the JF+Planck (right panel) models and considering only the regular component, the regular plus the striated components or the comp... | d | 96429b3957bd43577326ddebf248a9b8 |
As mentioned before we use joint predictive log-likelihood as a statistical measure of out-of-sample forecasting performance. It gives an indication of how likely the realisation of the modelled variable was conditional on the model parameters. The logarithmic scoring rule is strictly proper but it severely penalises l... | d | 8c3574d3df71f7c4d4fa24d634a0f4fd |
As a conclusion, limited samples sizes and the selection/estimation of any specific model is still an issue in neuroimaging, further when the model and the interaction between model parameters become too complex for an accurate posterior probability estimation, or a feasible numerical computation of the Bayes rule. Giv... | d | 5845542452919efdf78f7715b92b491b |
Sun et al. proposed FuseSeg {{cite:6e0a0beef54bac1211520f4e88e2dd823c6c4103}} employing encoder-decoder structure and two-stage fusion strategy to achieve segmentation in urban scenes. There are two encoders taking three-channel RGB and one-channel thermal images as inputs, and DenseNet-161 {{cite:633c94a1a7b1800a244cc... | m | 4c8860bbc79badaf80e61feb2bd7bb1c |
Color: To compare with our method, we first set up a baseline representing manually bias identification method. In previous studies {{cite:be395af055653cb054aedb7db5d3564747fdf8d0}}, {{cite:d9dc3870ca69f4fd56db3767ac2a9aea6ca0a06d}}, researchers have found that normalizing unwanted color variations aids model performan... | m | b4058ff75c42664ad6e2a344e06ea81d |
which is incredibly convenient because the two terms in the expectation are disentangled. We refer to Section 13.3 in {{cite:1582eb8ffe3c4c7ab05a483474e0b71cfdbaefef}} for a proof of this result. It is thus imperative to derive analytical expressions for {{formula:cf6981f2-e805-4388-a910-e94bee7628b5}} as per the foll... | m | a7a794487feb759e15aa7dfe475d941c |
It is also interesting to investigate the effects of an external
magnetic field on the holographic superconductors. One of the
major properties of ordinary superconductors is that they exhibit
perfect diamagnetism as the temperature is lowered below {{formula:e7ec407f-2b19-400e-8acd-b04c8163790e}} in
the presence of a... | i | 5a4a980060b8cd19986161321b9e339d |
Prompt-to-Prompt. Similar to UniTune, Prompt-to-Prompt {{cite:b39684d589b0c481cd784c8177cb8f47f890abfb}} also explores the problem of editing an image via text manipulation. Prompt-to-Prompt works best on images created by the diffusion model, and shows mixed results with arbitrary images. Also, as the Prompt-to-Prompt... | m | 8e92776f36f48fc9cdfd8602e39bc7f0 |
However, the number of parameters needed in traditional convolution often makes deep learning models too large to apply on devices with low computational capacity.
Also, a model with too many parameters probably has a very long training process.
For example, VGG has more than 130 million parameters and has been trained... | m | 3492170cf08686781414d1f6aecca085 |
Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown many remarkable successes, e.g., in playing Atari and Go at a superhuman level {{cite:24421a27efac59645a878b5185a8765f7ce01c99}}, {{cite:611ae45d3d86f502907687025d786455727570f4}}. Recently, there have been wide research interest and significant advances in robotics learni... | i | 4e6e61704cb5bf35bfd7bf0f811e8613 |
To obtain the full one-loop amplitude we must combine the unitarity
cuts. One possibility is to carry this out prior to integration by
finding a single integrand with the correct unitarity cuts in all
channels {{cite:10f8054a693b00f9f6be3ff5235e999c67a9f6b9}}. Some non-trivial examples where this
approach was implement... | m | 5d38ef7f9e0fef724dc1f60c5a04827b |
The very high EM3 honeycomb code threshold stems from three factors. First, two-local codes benefit greatly from a two-body measurement circuit architecture. Because of their two-locality, we can measure the data qubits directly without decomposing the effective measurement into a product of noisy gates. The result is ... | r | 8aa1b03af56152fbe90d013ce1687bd8 |
From Eq.(REF ), it is readily shown that piezoelectric materials presenting large (small) {{formula:6f4916ca-3d05-4dbe-9003-694d59280c56}} coefficients
[Eq.(REF )] will offer great (poor) band-alignment tunability as driven by uniaxial strain. Consequently, piezoelectric
materials possessing energy band gaps in the ra... | r | 8a7df4377acb95fa53f87a57f61a7283 |
The idea of modulating a prediction error appears elsewhere in machine learning literature, and modulating the error in different ways or by different signals produces different effects. Here we have shown that modulating reward prediction error by action probability creates a human-like adaptation-to-change effect, in... | d | d0beb90e337490f77dd3614fa8fd81dd |
Counterfactual queries aim at inferring the impact of a treatment conditioned on another observed treatment outcome.Typically, given an individual, a treatment assignment, and a treatment outcome, the counterfactual question asks what would have happened to that individual, had it been given another treatment, everythi... | i | fece946adc1ce670fe000dd54e2fd3d0 |
Here we suppose that the coefficients of (REF ) are rational functions. As in the proof of theorem REF , we multiply {{formula:acfaabd3-317e-4119-800d-cec004247322}} on both sides of (REF ) with {{formula:46c3d03b-2e7a-4e00-ab96-747308e97f55}} and integrate the resulting equation to define an auxiliary function {{for... | d | 5c442999df275af761439c84e75d9dc8 |
We find the lensing of fractional excitations to be a convenient picture for understanding the photon echo in the Luttinger spin liquid. A crucial feature of the lensing is the refocusing of the wave packets world lines, reminiscent of the refocusing of quantum phase accumulation in the NMR spin echo or photon echo in ... | d | 223538b359335c8a55f269c9bed2cb4f |
In this work, we build independent emulators at each redshift ({{formula:144e4efe-5922-42ab-a82a-a8e583bfeed9}} ). Note that Ref. {{cite:ee98fafd9a9255691643f31ba11874111bcc84ae}} took a different approach by adding {{formula:c9b96b11-dc99-4d54-ba16-1b77abf6faea}} as an additional emulation parameter. We follow the st... | m | 86d40c4d5355123c3d9efecb227e806a |
Fig. REF shows the qualitative result. Orange and blue bounding boxes represent ground truth and predictions respectively. As shown in Fig. REF , both PETR {{cite:c0531726c2f4ed25664b7ad366dc941f6777606b}} with ResNet50 backbone {{cite:799fe261c3a869a70c59a4c516c6ef68164bad5e}} and PETR {{cite:c0531726c2f4ed25664b7ad3... | r | 8c8dc88cbe26e2390a21df2d381c6cef |
We review the various concepts of tangent and normal cones below (see, e.g., {{cite:7a81592b38c9f1910a0aaff689e216ee5981545e}}, {{cite:db05f9e66be15f9ad6f31f0a78b9c9446ea5602a}}, {{cite:803ff79442d655c20d500f377e9429ddb1f58afe}}, {{cite:fd495d2b2cb58f55c157cb972d60b8c5306028e0}} and {{cite:df846b807b613337f1995b6e1d4f9... | r | 9d7a4320197a02b112edc93fd8db5d4f |
Because each cell can have a different structure in proxyless setting, we demonstrate only two typical types of cell structure among all of them in Figure REF a and Figure REF b. The first type is a chain-like structure where only one path exists in the cell connecting the input of the cell to its output. The second ty... | r | 35640ae0c63315ef10f6ca328425b293 |
Actually, our method can be modified to take external labels into account.
To achieve this, we replace the predicted action classes in Eq. (REF ) with the external action labels. Specifically, given an input video, we use UntrimmedNet to predict the top-2 video-level classes and assign these classes to all the proposal... | r | fde50f3afc08403cee165156fd2e338a |
To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we consider {{formula:9e0f9d54-5ce6-4d8f-b063-21a0198d5aa7}} DRL agents in two different classic control environments: Cartpole-v0 and Acrobot-v1 of Open-AI Gyms {{cite:28beca5fa271e5a4b7e5dafc179cadbd9890bffc}}. The Cartpole-v0 consists of a cart that can be move... | r | 2a2e4a0d0924620b6375fc5c5c9e3e19 |
In this section, we present our tentative results on future LHC reach at {{formula:2b3ebd99-cb31-41b4-ae8b-df254f23c47f}} for the non-minimal UED scenarios with/without {{formula:00027483-ab55-4ad7-98d4-71f7efc966dc}} coupling enhancement.
We work with four benchmark points of the universal BLKTs for 5D quarks and le... | r | 61881439056ee55c38c132f30af840bf |
where the “singular value” {{formula:97ed83fe-80cc-4e1b-96e7-eb879037fbfa}} is a scalar, and “singular vectors” {{formula:92f1e535-32f5-49a2-9a3b-2a66cbaaf9df}} s are unit length vectors in {{formula:9a6e1fb6-f262-4bfc-8f96-0a2422c114dd}} , and {{formula:16a6d862-f50a-4805-8996-0fcbe7eefbde}} is a noise tensor whose ... | i | cee7af12dd56afb0de3e58ee89fb9c87 |
We comprehensively evaluate our model on widely used eight benchmark FGVC datasets: Aircraft {{cite:e3a4fad85c92e34ad1e4e0258e1f32a5b94f612d}}, Food-101 {{cite:8a9f1eee27484f2e784860d14419206b7791fc13}}, Stanford Cars {{cite:7b37a1150b0cf745ee298add0c8ad44dddae8456}}, Stanford Dogs {{cite:e755041e90ad76b7a19b70b2aa8ae1... | d | 096a18014278e707034fd507f9b153a7 |
For quantitative evaluation, we manually generated holes with random size and positions on normal slices of the testing subjects. Therefore, the ground truth is known. The inpainted images were expected to have sharp and realistic looking textures, be coherent with {{formula:0612501c-f759-47ba-ad90-d74379c2646e}} , and... | r | f4a43f7e199c3aa4db08ac41854ac7ff |
The cause of the high electron density values associated with the shock excitation region
in interacting galaxies is essential to understand how the flux gas works in them.
High-velocity gas motions can destroy molecular clouds and quench star
formation {{cite:921af0adea4cf97baa9dc3643bd8d27358555cfb}}. To investigate ... | d | fe9ad6ca9cc0a3ccaafb1f67c8fa131b |
Regression problems correspond to the setting where the outcome {{formula:432002d2-bf02-4de7-90ba-943ad252b0bc}} is real valued, the predicted value for {{formula:f98ed587-3914-49ef-96bc-8bfba4ffc545}} is {{formula:423215c3-0bf9-4554-bc5c-6f013d397564}} . The linear regression or least squares
problem corresponds to ... | m | d02e6beac6c6cf8c5b36b4b492571006 |
In the present work we have investigated the innermost regions of the OJ 287 jet, where the VHE {{formula:cb2e2188-ad4f-453f-bbae-6cd5d4e49f94}} rays are thought to be produced, by means of high-resolution millimeter-VLBI observations with the GMVA. One of the main findings is that during the MJD 57158 (March 31, 2017... | d | cb74ac241c4fce898cf7291630b84e4d |
Note, an advantage of dynamic pruning methods is that the pruning is performed during the training itself, although we have seen in Table REF , better results are obtained when pruning is performed post-training. Current dynamic pruning methods like DPF {{cite:d58da47a67a1e9965cc2de216a9085e8517b568f}} prune via global... | m | 64e683911abc40f8e28bca81bb91de33 |
For large enough {{formula:b9005775-ef15-4fe8-af4f-875759052f8f}} , the fact that rank- and tree-width are vertex-Lipschitz functions imply that these parameters are tightly concentrated about their mean, for example using the Azuma-Hoeffding inequality, see e.g., {{cite:f5bb598d092a07b40c92dd1e0460d6ea52c3e035}}.
Howe... | d | 253a089b6681ed6f80f0fe02b347419c |
Let us consider the behavior of the current density in the asymptotic
regions of the coordinate {{formula:3c687bd4-8ca4-49ed-bd4e-a7e7ca6ed142}} . For points near the Rindler horizon one
has {{formula:2db186d5-7bfc-40d4-965b-cc5ba912b437}} . In this limit it is convenient to use the
representation (REF ). Directly putt... | r | cea6a19636d542af641e11197892a0ef |
One may be interested in combining the proposed method RoLT with other loss functions. In particular, we attempt to optimize LDAM loss {{cite:a211d747724bda880064551a22a55ad5827e835a}} during training and the results are reported in the supplementary material. Indeed, LDAM encourages the model to yield balanced classif... | d | 4b9641b9517a8725e59256e573874b2e |
One major issue with the application of FL is the performance degradation that occurs with heterogeneous data. This refers to settings in which data is not independent and identically distributed (non-IID) across clients. The drop in performance is seen to be caused by a disagreement in local optima. That is, because d... | i | 6d05232aa21128f7bcb0928ebe39e77b |
Consider the same setup as in ssec:elbofeedback. Let {{formula:3f1b3cce-7870-4fb2-9816-f47ae625046f}} ({{formula:fc69731a-8dc9-4df5-8d3d-12ad774409af}} ) be feature maps (before any nonlinear activation function) of the last convolutional layer (forward direction) obtained by forward passing {{formula:1cf476af-257c-41... | m | 25b2a47e961cb29e58a8c8e4e5e0b4fa |
Remark. If Finiteness of Central Configurations is true {{cite:3aff09cb5e0e2f79e9fc7610b35c54e41a90d0e9}}, {{cite:e59f42898fb885da7738fc6007fe8e3d1c1a5d11}}, {{cite:00d5e945ff72ed8c780586d83f0bbbf6be598350}}, the proposition is obvious. But we don't need this hypothesis here.
| i | d33a3469db8cfd8dd3dd1406c73fe575 |
Finally, it is interesting to remark the presence of an additional high-velocity ejection almost orthogonal to the main one.
While astonishing, this is not uncommon among PNe, with examples of collimated outflows almost orthogonal {{cite:ed10e8b42c1d43a1981db1da19b666f0d3c90d22}} or along very different directions {{ci... | d | cf04c1863c44ee8b56fc7c844b029610 |
Consistency with the Existing Experimental Results. Our results stand with existing experimental observations. Specifically, {{cite:7652d99476039367efc43f36636fe23ddc9aa5ef}} conduct experiments using GD and GDM on the same linear separable data (c.f., Figure 1 in {{cite:7652d99476039367efc43f36636fe23ddc9aa5ef}}), and... | d | 36345f66d51d7567ef8c8812411a840a |
By Theorem 12.2 in {{cite:11efc2e3581d2c68287741b2e7c5c178be454735}},
we have the inverse Legendre-Fenchel transform of (REF ):
{{formula:5312034c-7015-49b5-a4b5-e903e9dc82df}}
| m | ad8adcd2b2295cd52519362ce7dad48b |
Discussion: Reproducibility. While the neural recommendation models have dominated in the recommendation field and claimed substantial improvements over previous models, recent efforts raise questions about their reproducibility and published claims {{cite:9c2c6daff9a4b8937c18472149d795d197035000}}, {{cite:fada17ca6fd2... | d | fee6c8bfa2fff49dbf205dc659125671 |
Shape-Invariant Representation. To translate between objects of different shapes and texture, we use JOKR as a bottleneck. As manual keypoint annotation is not always available (see Section ), we use an unsupervised keypoint extractor {{formula:1fa4998f-a475-4502-a015-e2842376311b}} , similar to previous work {{cite... | m | d5a496c092f49acc4b2efa27195468f5 |
For future use, we record here that the proof of the lower bounds in (REF ) is based on a key lemma from {{cite:bd96e543053b278c7e9dc5c8047cbd412999aef0}} showing Lusin-Lipschitz regularity of the flow of a Sobolev velocity field, in the form of a quantitative bound:
| i | a597b4cf798651c686ddf6d87611fb52 |
Adversarial Attacks and Defenses. {{cite:f831d7b6cf1975f3edc42630fcf43fc9e507ad42}}, {{cite:cded5d79291f1ff1fdd09f7b776f2b687c09fc3f}} pointed out the vulnerability of DNNs to adversarial examples, and proposed an efficient attack, the FGSM, to generate such examples. Since then, as increasingly strong adversaries {{ci... | d | cdf6cc42ed83ed77e4e0951116933fd7 |
We evaluate the impact of changing the required rates at the users ({{formula:5e633bf0-c779-4103-b150-17b6e095e9ba}} ), the number of users, and the location of both the relay and the RIS on the required total power of the system. In all figures, we compare the proposed system and the baselines discussed in Sec. REF . ... | r | c47914180c68c80ecafee2c0c9e7603e |
Of course, many situations involve both types of neurons. Nevertheless, there are some situations only involving a single type. For example, theta-wave neuronal oscillations in the hippocampus are thought to play a considerable role in memory formation and spatial navigation {{cite:fbe7f8b0b62ed8126381a49e6dc685b66bb74... | d | 8a06891c4103dcf04d83583bb1a23eb2 |
In order to measure the performance of proposed method on different PSNR targets, we plugged our method on the pre-trained model in {{cite:bf1a0307957a419e834ff37288c070dec902a105}} for the factorized entropy and the best neural compressing model cheng2020-anchor {{cite:7a02cfdbe6b406b91f72ab4b8a9d6fcbd9173c8b}} provid... | r | 789a6b87ca77b91a0cc879e55a89cc94 |
Lemma 3.3 ({{cite:3d0c242bce05a378659d6724470143f58ae0673e}})
There exist constants {{formula:aceff6ca-e7eb-41da-9cac-de3c05976a78}} such that for all {{formula:a4200df2-5e9b-43a5-be63-918711ec75d6}} we have the following vector inequalities for {{formula:9c121b31-03e0-438e-bb34-83eef1d60957}}
{{formula:48ca31f2-12f... | r | c4e97558473275d9daa464981010faac |
In this experiment we performed target area segmentation with Fast-SCNN, a Fully Convolution Network and our model. Input images were down-sampled four times to 320 by 240 for efficiency. All training was performed on a single NVIDIA RTX 1060 and the inference time analyses were done on the same GPU. The experiment was... | r | acd5aed1f20e4dfa9e35fc983cf01e80 |
Another key result emerging from our study is a very clear picture of the differences between the stellar
populations of the nuclei and the galactic main
bodies of the dEs. To our knowledge, no spectroscopic study has yet performed
such a comparison with a similar sample size.
Studies based on color differences ({{cite... | d | 0f11889cebf5e4cc95a903248ef5feb9 |
In Equations 1 and 2 in the main paper, we define bias as the absolute difference between the verification TPRs of two groups at a given FPR. However, it possible that a sensitive attribute consists of more than two categories. For instance, the skintone attribute consists of three categories: Light, medium, dark. In t... | r | 9782fd2d10979817b61f13d6b68dfa5f |
The presentation of the ensemble
Kalman filter as a smart optimization tool
is also developed in {{cite:847cf9a1b03f11b523de2967fd35d7c461d4ac63}}, but the derivation of
the update equations in a space whose dimension is that of
the ensemble is not described there.
The analysis of ensemble methods
is difficult and theo... | d | f27e23c9ce9fa34e4446019773c10f2d |
Recently, considerable research has been devoted to Multi-Task Learning (MTL), a problem of improving the
generalization performance of multiple tasks by utilizing the shared
information among them. MTL has been widely-used in various
applications, such as natural language processing {{cite:8bc7332bb6e0055bc3d57abec229... | i | 4d897fa3db665aaf12aabc0ab7e9b864 |
This theorem, which is established in {{cite:c9e7bd1ac942107c65da0104a1ccd570fed7109b}}, may be generalized to the case in which {{formula:d41fd286-a1ce-4e62-b125-bf0007702746}} has a boundary of nonpositive mean curvature, where the mean curvature is computed with respect to the normal pointing towards the asymptotic... | r | 20fb1b7a582f290f5875ea2bdf4928e5 |
The numerical results in Figure REF ,REF and REF tantalizingly remind one of the Farey seriesThe definition of Farey series of order {{formula:ed9c262f-38d3-406e-9e27-2099d75648bd}} , denoted by {{formula:ecb9c292-e111-471f-ba27-f62fa3d43300}} , is the set of reduced fractions in the closed interval {{formula:70e50f8... | d | 526514beb5586f009dfe37a851769587 |
Notation. By using {{formula:52e3bfcc-9650-493a-87a7-65546a707d28}} and {{formula:7ffad9b8-e2ab-499f-b25c-43ce8b1d31db}} , we will denote positive integers such that {{formula:cfac1941-af26-45f9-a76d-492e6fb6f505}} is the power of a prime number. For integers {{formula:34e3159f-1b14-4fb3-88e8-c000645cb58e}} and {{fo... | r | 810ecf410e6b81ccbcbf504917ffa91c |
In Fig. REF we show the evolutionary path of the
star and its wind, that we use in the simulations. The stellar mass
(panel a, in {{formula:45131fce-dea8-4036-ac27-fe535a3c5ae2}} ), the mass-loss rate (panel b, in
{{formula:a1e1eedc-8b68-4251-a3af-d42890b672d2}} ), and the terminal wind velocity
(panel c, in {{formula... | m | 79640eba1f41a7a62db7e6553b3b583c |
The proposed method is based on the following three insights: First, to tackle the large variation of drones and background scenes, data augmentation which maintains the video information in a short clip creates challenging scenarios; Second, due to real time applications and tiny object sizes, a fast and multi-scale, ... | m | 3660351f4ab297ac14c21f85369422c1 |
The formulation of the coupled Burgers equation is taken from the work of {{cite:97d3d97363cae3f2aeb045e58ed3786169bd6a01}}. The training data used was obtained from a FEM Fenics solver. Each simulation progresses for 100-time steps, with 3600 simulations used as data. The length sequence {{formula:7a7cfc78-ef7d-496a-a... | m | 49d9bae9695ec532bc88634729b1e1e4 |
where {{formula:ee9166a4-cf4e-450b-aa32-d87bf3f86c20}} is the risk factor, {{formula:4ead50f9-f43b-4e69-8e7d-3403f2dde6eb}} are the genetic variants, {{formula:ad946f17-cad2-41cd-89ed-90706bf82767}} is the outcome, {{formula:7211fc9a-7c62-47ec-83a5-6d8ba5460b59}} is an unmeasured confounder, {{formula:15a4e9dc-d26... | m | 0996c9c454ea11fc1d578ed4f17dfcd1 |
fig:summary shows summary statistics for the {{formula:15a8240f-8d3a-4f3b-a7d5-edc4263f230d}} instance of the (REF ) game for three different exploration profiles. The panels in the leftmost column show the equilibria (top) and utilities (bottom) of the 7 agents in 100 runs when {{formula:e311c707-fea8-4216-83f9-2e4e7... | r | 7e53e53dd6cecdde3ecb931c72eecde9 |
In Fig. REF , we give comparison results under one roof for a blurred image corresponding to steering rate of 60 deg/sec. It is amply evident that the results of our method (shown in b and c) yield best performance consistently across Wiener filter, RL as well as {{cite:63753dc2c2a0d86ebe94a7195291258125ebb052}}. From ... | r | 2fa53f3bd4b1e9b60febc078550f077c |
First, in order to solve Problem REF ,
we seek a fixed point of map {{formula:18a66a34-4f28-4bc4-a506-f8b13d75d5cf}} .
We use the Schauder fixed point
theorem (cf. Gilbarg-Trudinger {{cite:cf47af3d98eda5b8b353818cbaa922b5aac088fb}})
in the following setting:
| m | 629ef567a2b3ff225cf28b496d065445 |
The conceptual foundation of our model is the basic fact that human diseases are rarely the consequence of a single defective gene, but the result of complex interactions within the cellular-molecular network {{cite:227f7fb4edfd6eeeca88279bf8a9a22d3f6a545d}}. The disease phenotype is hence a result of different and mut... | d | e47a16ac97f0ed9ddb02aae7f86e66f4 |
In this subsection, we discuss how to approximate {{formula:44cc8b41-3c82-4fc2-b09c-6af022576276}} based on Hutchinson's estimation {{cite:8a8119336363c4b2c0ad239430ab25721d1d5cc3}}, {{cite:898c3827ca900d023a10f622f42f0e12dbbcf29d}}, a technique from randomized numerical linear algebra. Assume that {{formula:ab6aa85f-... | m | 09df4c72ac70b1af5aa0bb853039e501 |
Another doubly-robust method originally intended for generalizing experimental data is an augmented estimator which combines a treatment, sampling, and outcome model, similar to the clever covariates found in TMLE {{cite:15959be061cff107cea8afddfc3c5507c6722c60}}. We present the augmented approach with slight alteratio... | m | b987b2bcbebae35f457e006973a8f29a |
Tidal deformations of self-gravitating compact objects stand as key gravitational-wave observables to test General Relativity (GR) in the strong field regime. In a coalescing binary system, the deformability properties of the compact objects affect the gravitational wave signal at sub-leading post-Newtonian order throu... | i | f05bb50d5447a79f9db2b7c7004249dd |
The difficulty in simulating and training snn originates from multiple
factors.
First, time is an indispensable component of the functional form
of a snn, as even individual stimuli and their associated
outputs are spatiotemporal spike patterns, rather than simple spatial
activation vectors. This fundamental difference... | i | 4f35f11e43f403183b61269f8951b7ca |
During the past two decades, an impressive experimental and theoretical effort has been invested in generating and exploring a new form of matter called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) {{cite:358aa639d927241e24a0d7a1b9903068c2306c06}}, {{cite:a9910470a76ca706dabe501231f67f4a6fe2f0c6}}, {{cite:3b152ba7da5f6a80ab03f3693c4b05f05... | i | f7df6ed3e0da6ff2d82f3678b1443d7e |
It remains to be seen whether a more sparse version of IQP sampling can be devised while retaining its classical hardness. Standard tensor network contraction techniques would allow any output probability of the above circuits on a square lattice to be classically computed in time {{formula:02ba0f7e-2d2b-4d98-a6b8-757c... | r | 624bb4629c9d88b454d5e732c70b50c8 |
The {{formula:e9648d35-6447-4fce-997d-f64db17995ce}} mesons with charm quark and the {{formula:8c373943-4663-421b-9d2e-5400fc91ab53}} mesons with bottom quark are typical heavy-light mesons, which is structurally analogous to a the
hydrogen-like atoms( the singly light antiquark and the heavy quark resemble the extra... | i | 1fdb61021f7e29936625746d936efab2 |
The stability analysis of rotating equilibria shows similar
behavior to straight periodic sheets {{cite:40580da58db377c40e222bd5b6f6eb67adb0d1cb}} and circular
sheets {{cite:cd8240de8dedaf26399eda9ca5cbd37c051de6a1}}. More specifically, there is a
countably infinite family of unstable modes with growth rates
increasing... | d | 7d3c7fd29aa4dc89b667e3b1ae98c689 |
The variance structures considered throughout this article by no means exclusively encompass all the possibilities, merely a few which exhibit well-studied conjugacy. Other structures, such as AR(1) with stationarity, and compound symmetry as required by the assumptions of repeated-measures ANOVA, do not (knowingly) as... | d | 9557b3bd0918a73e68ed57ce4265d993 |
NSEdit has achieved a new state-of-the-art performance on the code repair task of the CodeXGLUE benchmark {{cite:e48a4c0e5416a4b58b623059543ea810fbdb5d47}}, {{cite:0377e1424eb02001eba4fe0a3959aaabe45c5d5e}}. For code repair, it is more effective to predict editing sequences than fixed code.
| d | f8843557f7e8366f950fc8945a4833aa |
The presented method relies on computing the displacements of dots of a pattern via a cross-correlation method. In the present study, the configuration of the interrogation windows of size decreasing down to {{formula:13497212-00c2-4e71-b53d-515e2ac8ff7e}} pixel{{formula:bede029d-561f-4941-9cf4-8cef3cb6d6b3}} with {{... | m | 83b566bb47e8bf16f2e594f2d498ac06 |
The sample stars are selected from the APOGEE DR16 dataset {{cite:149c13fdefec6d8aa798ccc87db884248ad5e25c}} with parallaxes and proper motions taken from Gaia DR2 {{cite:3397e8f05af2f628301fb2bb22dedba8d6689d9f}}. We have removed stars with ASCAPFLAG or STARFLAG warnings and stars with {{formula:d993197a-f9b2-43c0-a08... | m | c9f73727b06c29f16c6fb7386d68072f |
In this section we introduce the basic definitions and some identities that we use throughout this paper. The definitions of terms we do not define, but appear in this paper can be found in {{cite:630ada057fe710998a2a8f9349c9db98b2416b6b}} or {{cite:8a55235c7fa0a2baa21959afa49c272188793732}}. For a positive integer {{f... | r | b754d9e9b63803f5a29f9890cc229084 |
For our empirical analysis, 10 sets of randomly sampled initial parameters for each of the six model types, blackbox, constr. blackbox , {{formula:74253312-2616-4aed-8274-8d52aa4aa37d}} , {{formula:b907afe7-329e-4c90-add8-949e105947c3}} , {{formula:17f52631-ee27-473e-96fd-4469bea024bb}} , and graybox, were fit to the t... | r | cb448be0fec9ac91b00e4dbb734a92ee |
Since {{formula:5f8a0a2b-0888-46bf-a05f-2e508f43aea9}} and {{formula:92464a71-bd1d-4974-83fa-7124fb3db38c}}
are strongly semismooth by Appendix A and the composition of
strongly semismooth mappings is strongly semismooth by {{cite:6cf307c9062cd79f824297c53a74a5b232c2cbc5}},
the mapping {{formula:f874cb5f-d9b0-41f0-ae... | m | 76a4fc983adb0e12b12278d579d598d4 |
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