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which empirically matches {{formula:9a6ab932-2f17-4fd6-8a2a-074dafa0cc39}} closely {{cite:166a8acfe4cb4eb6a7f9199fa6b6d3e52593df2b}}. This is shown as a function of {{formula:0ffbf52f-0238-4670-8cbd-5a24e8520652}} in Fig. REF and of inverse coupling {{formula:37cda92b-a2fa-43ac-987e-b329d4f8524a}} at fixed {{formul...
r
08ae6dfad48e1b5eeabe7f8401dd3032
In this paper, our objective is to design a neural ODE such that the features extracted are within a neighborhood of the Lyapunov-stable equilibrium points of the ODE. We first develop a diversity promoting technique applied in the final fully connected (FC) layer to improve the ODE's stability and analyze the reasons ...
i
ae13ff8752932adc8120e06bffe5a1a9
We are sincerely grateful to the referee who provided a number of insightful and constructive suggestions that helped to clarify parts of our work that were initially vague. We thank Warren Brown, Margaret Geller and Scott Kenyon for stimulating discussions on the topic of hypervelocity stars, and for constructive comm...
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30f3e408998e7b824fc507934756083d
Table REF contains the aggregate results for each task and demonstrates the efficacy of using the proposed multi-objective approach. While the median population-level accuracy falls slightly compared to accuracy-only NAS, there is a substantial increase in hypervolume across experiments. Note that the best accuracy of...
r
2bd78849f63ed41a74eb183d44bece21
Gaussian processes (GPs) cross-fertilize merits of kernel methods and Bayesian models to benefit several learning tasks, including regression, classification, ranking, and dimensionality reduction {{cite:e3cfe618be9971da9ffb9fc675f00e255d75e129}}. In GP-based approaches, a Gaussian prior is assumed over a learning func...
i
ce37551b43b75d8dd74ab623f4e3a92d
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, which accounts for 18.4% of global cancer-related mortality in 2018 {{cite:d830e4fd9953035e8200731c4b6f952291a51dfa}}. Remarkable success has been achieved in deep learning for lung nodule detection {{cite:8b10c3f93a583c79f9ae944e9ff55fec18d54141}}, {{cite:43...
i
8059aa0deca82c488f6e3a7c1c6b1287
Various new physics scenarios try to explain the muon {{formula:c6213a76-6204-40f2-907e-a245b794f35f}} excess, for recent reviews, see e.g. Refs. {{cite:4d57ded4fee92ea085c9bd70e5ee556f42655fac}}, {{cite:3ccb5624fc3c269e3bd7243798db546b2edc6de3}}, {{cite:effa9d81f466c1bcedaa64549bcb1682df454cf4}}, {{cite:66f7e2c44ffa1...
i
aae5e7e6aa67f728ab8cfa92863b581f
The goal is to enhance the performance metrics of the best baseline model, Visual Bert COCO in Kiela {{cite:7da569be9bc2f36c96e601c82a4685af47e0ac41}} to approach the human's test accuracy of 84.7% on hateful memes classification. We leveraged Memotion Dataset 7K {{cite:e4a8cfcbb9f58487e58972e54faded71321aac54}} to inc...
r
14e79ac8e30d92137e0424bdfc757eac
To further evaluate the generality, we validate the proposed method on an office-home dataset and compare the performance with 19 SOTA methods as reported in Tables REF and REF , including adversarial-based methods, difference-based methods, and mixed methods. It can be seen that the four domains in Office-Home form 1...
r
4740b69f6d564b9478c034718524501a
As shown in Table REF , TVT+SAFF achieves the best performance, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed SAFF. DANN {{cite:40a3e34090856d64b118069d6caf54018693fe25}} achieves the worst results since it uses a gradient reversal layer to learn invariant features between domains for adversarial adaptation, which may...
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0c2c73d1abd3b01d852a2bd868da27e7
Solutions based on fiber transmission have been aiming for suppressing the fiber-induced phase noise to retrieve precise frequency information at remote locations. To achieve this aim, active compensation schemes as first demonstrated in 1994 by Ma et al. have been proposed to cancel the fiber-induced phase drift and i...
i
4a31566a4b614ed96ea0dca2fcf7079e
In this section, the spectral projected gradient (SPG) method is applied to the nonlinear programming problem (REF ). One main feature of SPG is the spectral choice of step length (also called BB stepsize) along the search direction, originally proposed by Barzilai and Borwein {{cite:4db300a3d7e9bb9301e5eb21f277e4804a5...
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225419d9a5730816593aec0273c0ec7b
Our results provide a feasible test for multipartite entanglement in quantum networks and bridges the two well known cases of multipartite entanglement and multipartite Bell nonlocality. Moreover the scenario considered is a natural generalization of bipartite quantum steering {{cite:1ff730f198a02ba7931b8d3274b0199384a...
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795fe15c5a46147cc6adaeb179f38be6
In the previous work {{cite:03bb2e586faeb8978675b9de2035d1c020616580}} the monoT5 ranker is still fine-tuned by a text generation loss. The generation loss for each token is defined on a softmax function over the entire vocabulary, and two separate target tokens “{{formula:8e6c76c2-656c-4100-aec8-1b0184a19cf8}} ” and “...
d
662d5dccf6cc976e87740cf1749690db
With this formulation, we can express many popular architectures for registration (such as FCGF {{cite:c9de91d36058c09da087f59c15d1448601ddd01d}} or D3Feat {{cite:ced33c90e4eaf6e492f13879a42ff5ed03903a04}}). Then, finding the right output descriptors is a problem of metric learning. We attempt to compute descriptors wi...
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f517f104a94e26ecea89cc7bc4542b11
An approximate SOSP means the gradient norm at the point is small and the least eigenvalue of the Hessian at the point is lower bounded by a small negative constant {{cite:d025f82ae27bef7a08ebf1d4b20c722a1b56ca98}}.
d
918c25f6eadf82e2c9022133d6e1a741
Although primarily serving for graph OOD generalization problem, our theory complements the identifiability study on graphs through contrastive learning, and aligns with the discoveries in the image domain that contrastive learning learns to isolate the content ({{formula:a9759352-6c3d-44d1-82bd-7cfa558b01e2}} ) and st...
d
ca49de46f4c89c13280925064dba73e7
We have shown in {{cite:cbca072c1dc5e89fadc372b1b0ca44c68987931f}} the initial application of the optimal fitting approach to in situ spacecraft measurements by the Freidberg solution. The merit of the results was justified by the criteria such that the minimum reduced {{formula:2a270d04-a60e-4c83-a4ec-e283f2be6b76}} ...
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43809a64e14b9aa5c701c5ff090bf939
Aligning the marginals may be insufficient. Our method seeks to restore the full joint feature distribution by aligning (approximations of) the marginals. While we found that this is often sufficient, it cannot be guaranteed unless the features are independent. One potential remedy is to encourage feature independence ...
d
a447ee083e03a99d05ab11be8ef37718
One of the simplest updates in GraphSage {{cite:2fc7ee6a2a4e7ce7bbc9356601dca3fa747fb139}} for skip connection uses a concatenation vector to contain more node-level information during a messages passage process: {{formula:5f4988b4-760d-46ed-8f52-a790b7e8c831}}
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The dispersion of the probe pulse is encoded in the spectral phase information, which can be retrieved using the methods discussed in § REF . Figure REF (d & e) show the real and imaginary parts of the phase-rate variable {{formula:53b42ed6-066c-4460-8454-45b68b439fe5}} for the transmitted pulse as well as the initial...
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c0cbb3ffee5715e1c9c4269778908771
The late-time gravitational waves signal from compact sources is prominently dominated by characteristic ringdown phase. This phase is described by a so-called quasinormal modes (QNMs). In principle, one can determine the nature of the source by measuring damping time of gravitational waves amplitude. Moreover, linear ...
i
e62047b4b1558a1437d6cc02cd61082b
Now we come back to the general CG method as introduced in {{cite:8a77f4a1870ef9ed8cda6ed887c8b773a38b7b0a}}. The method is already formulated in Algorithm REF ; we may notice the Fletcher-Reeves Conjugate Gradient method (Algorithm REF ) is just the same as the Practical Conjugate Gradient method (Algorithm REF ) when...
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462eb6d4407a79c5827daf668d7e0c9b
We propose a nonparametric bivariate time-varying coefficient model for longitudinal data and a kernel estimating method based on complete cases analysis, i.e. using data when terminal events are available, which is shown to be a valid approach. In contrast, {{cite:dbd54b11abc4a65c3cb74a319c2e07f70c3a8cac}} considered ...
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0010913626911ada2edf3515aa51d0e2
For large sample sizes, performing EKPCA amounts to a significant computational burden, motivating many approximation schemes. We explore the popular Nyström approximation {{cite:638be780d85d3e9e4e6e9b95a1365f18055ee6bd}}, {{cite:1e6e47939c708bdce3daf7e94edf167120073209}}, {{cite:36add20428dc398680779b6368edd174b43d717...
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8def993662370f6062a777cdd43f1ea9
Another line of work, inspired by the deep image prior {{cite:d89931242c62022d23732e247d11d168b9102b2f}} focuses on using the inductive bias of convolutional networks to perform reconstruction without any training data {{cite:90100a8b33d13a076a5631cbe54c30c14fb9f302}}, {{cite:ba361282d960f0768cd2411ea1e8e6664f4e21c7}},...
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2c0380430b95c27970558f2063639e10
To investigate the presence of a spontaneous magnetic field in the sample, we have collected ZF-{{formula:1eb3a4d2-f500-4f3c-8b08-4594c185e3a0}} SR spectra at temperatures above and below the superconducting transition temperature. The asymmetry spectra were best fitted by static Kubo-Toyabe function multiplied by an e...
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43e4666ae131c2b676b0753a9a87a1c0
In this work, we consider a universal line-based OCR pipeline that can extract dense printed or handwritten text as well as sparse scene-text with the goal of determining the optimal text-line recognition (TLR) model in this scenario. In such a pipeline, a separate the text detection model is responsible for detecting ...
i
851d5da2c1521e5bdf6ab53eb50f301c
Previous works on synthetic segmentation can be classified into two categories, including two-stage method {{cite:ed6827560576cb0d020b61382b3890171f71b0c5}} and end-to-end methods {{cite:9eb617ba19ab5f81cdad306bf7dcfd1d4851d3c5}}, {{cite:ffda47592501f5d14e6d0eb48ec4c57a60b67250}}. Zhang et al. {{cite:ed6827560576cb0d02...
i
225ee22b3ec1002424d893cfac8c02a8
Solutions with degenerate metric were a subject of a long-standing discussions starting probably with the paper by Einstein and Rosen{{cite:67759aedb97dd390ea1ffdde345be1589561248a}}. In spite of some difficulty interpreting solutions with degenerate metric in classical theory of gravitation, the prevailing view was th...
i
7474d6f53af26c14caf0d0f3c642f3fc
We can then proceed with an analysis exactly along the lines of our discussion of Mrk 421 in {{cite:c4b40fff0e09ed1f81dcf4bcaf269f5d9380c22d}}, and specifically refer the reader to equations (17)–(21) in that paper and to the discussion around Eq. (5) of {{cite:9a433f99bbf9752583d9d729d9f3300514686e0d}}. In summary, we...
d
1216e242d160bb5194bb55b40fa76092
It is often desirable to study statistics on barcodes and much work has been done in this area (see, for instance, {{cite:86aa2c95204b9427e91d2169c2ded46ba68dcb36}}). Recently, researchers have begun studying combinatorial invariants of barcodes. In particular, Kanari, Garin, and Hess discovered a natural mapping betwe...
i
1b6f70755c55ea18b4ebc84ac1c4d42c
The H{{formula:06d238fe-cdc2-4e02-832c-927641a613a4}} emission at the position of AB Aur b has been detected by Subaru/VAMPIRES {{cite:497301211fd4e9677236627a7839fdffe614a4de}} and HST/WFC3 (this work). However, it is unclear whether the VAMPIRES detection is physically associated with AB Aur b due to uncertainties i...
d
a9ea637e16823d6b6611cf16b1b301ae
The twistorial formalism we have presented here firmly establishes the geometric foundations of the Newman-Penrose map. In particular, for any Kerr-Schild spacetime with an expanding SNGC, we have defined a coordinate-independent construction for both the operator {{formula:23e4f26c-0daa-429e-b734-71629193a5f5}} and t...
d
84df7947f59fcc0f57d244f3c6a1e76f
Whether the improved performance and superiority of the non-adiabatic operations extend to larger problem size is an important question for future study. However, the scope for classical simulation is limited due to the typical explosion of Hilbert space size with problem size. Analytic insights would be extremely valu...
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f12f0de68aa0377efdb98674f497dacc
This section briefly describes the details of training and presents the experimental results on the compared PDDL benchmark domains: Sokoban, Maze-with-Teleports, and Floor-Tile. A* algorithms with learnt heuristic functions realized by the proposed convolution-attention-position networks (further denoted as A*-CoAt) a...
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73ad408bc197cb341bddd94b4d8a3eb9
Due to the more complicated integrable structures of Pfaffian point processes, it is not surprising that the local universality classes (i.e. scaling limits of all eigenvalue correlation functions) were first investigated in the complex symmetry class. Indeed, the bulk scaling limit of the complex Ginibre ensemble was ...
i
272cc3a75755d68555d72f324a057baf
In this study, we assumed that the body and inertial forces are negligible. It would be interesting to include such effects in future works and investigate how they impact the model's accuracy. Moreover, for all the cases studied here, we have used feedforward neural networks. However, one can use more advanced archite...
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0432d8e30bcd99017fd5adc4ef1dcf84
Many recent works have used adversarial attacks on CNNs to demonstrate the susceptibility of the networks to simple methods that could lead the network to make completely wrong predictions{{cite:0a2cec41e2f6d9238ad1a79e9d17e26a032141a0}}. Different adversarial attacks on the network can be used to interpret its behavio...
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c5da451b9eab5d10b3020b61f13ca555
Two trivial solutions exist: (a) recomputing low-discrepancy signings on the active set of vectors after every update operation incurs optimal offline discrepancy guarantees with a recourse of {{formula:69af7cce-a791-449f-aacb-65c185404d8b}} per update, and (b) an independent and uniformly random signing of every new ...
i
2ad27370a9fa4e89c9c95b174c25b892
The ideal prototypical representation should be expressive and encompass enough intra-class variance, while being distinguishable between different classes. In the literature {{cite:27cedc2cc7ec21b456dd83b295ff7af4ba3ba475}}, {{cite:764e14db0fed727c33b69b7de568032bd2d75a52}}, however, the prototypes are commonly modele...
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We evaluate the pixel-level anomaly detection performance in Table REF , and illustrate the model outputs in Figure REF of both texture and object classes. In all cases we use a vanilla AE with {{formula:6f09cbdb-78d2-4ce4-a18b-ff437f7b43b4}} , {{formula:047ace8a-b874-445f-9167-44ffaa31fbc7}} and {{formula:7baba782-b...
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Results on ScanNet: Table REF shows the segmentation results in mIoU(%) in ScanNet{{cite:494f90358f7a6ce39a596452c48ae9733e5c0fbf}} validation set. Our method outperforms the previous method MPRM{{cite:7b8153b3d0e6c0db5a892dd7273a71540ad444fc}} by a large margin. However, with 10% points labeled, the baseline results ...
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b10b41338ff03f08429f1329a9f280b2
The resulting quotiented structure ({{formula:c7485c1b-0f8b-4a11-84d0-2c7cd0abded8}} ) (which is isomorphic to ({{formula:abdee107-8726-4826-a6d7-3bd3ad1b90e6}} )) is in some sense, a richer object than the orders considered in this paper. Every countable poset is embeddable in ({{formula:ac538e29-a21f-40ed-b0ee-f21b0e...
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835a87c68ad7fdbdd79487c3f38fbd09
When the weight distribution of a linear code is known, it is possible to obtain the weight distribution of its corresponding dual code using the Krawtchouck polynomials. Through the following, we recall such an important mathematical tool (see, for example, {{cite:ae1f5b94be391d53d066aea7ed6bc532850f00c6}}).
r
9c16e9b202004b9a992a147c77ab2f14
Beyond this, there were several notable theoretical works considering the cavity statistics of lasers with embedded nonlinear absorbers {{cite:f00cb811b72480ece4c481148279d75e53a26bc8}}, {{cite:b4464d56eefb1424f615f608669b56cfbe372b1e}}, {{cite:550d3f60edc115b271676364f5b0d677602d71d2}} (e.g., saturable absorption, two...
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c29ebb7b49ff64087f6532a5da970f80
Example 1.7 (Thurston {{cite:85575ddbff68b56c8a3922098adfa12d02d013e5}}) Let {{formula:01beb6fc-479f-4223-90d9-eefe76c46b24}} be a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold. By Dehn filling {{formula:909976cc-06a5-41f0-b6c1-6ddba6c60d39}} , one can get non-isomoprhic hyperbolic 3-manifolds {{formula:c26b9754-d20b-4848-8d28-95a61e...
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56854c996bae42ab634a4b95810d133d
In order to give full play to the role of ultra-wideband, we develop a JMMSE-based distance estimation method which is able to exploit the low-rankness structure of the covariance matrix in the frequency domain{{cite:a4669c3fd9734572d191b6a35c85bb416dc873bf}}. When {{formula:5d7a9bf9-2735-46a0-949c-b30c315ea962}} is i...
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7e38f7900f037bf0db3855b797a6596e
where {{formula:bb827e24-bca6-4714-af90-c511090516b1}} is the modified Bessel function {{cite:52b83e05e350a25ed23f227f1979385f7a826fc3}}. In Appendix A we evaluate the right hand side of Eq. (REF ) as a Taylor expansion in powers of {{formula:cb38fa32-28f6-420d-8765-f439eb16388f}} . We obtain {{formula:34494aaa-525a-4...
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aa220cc548193fe37a3081e9ab648199
In this paper we solve the above two challenges using three techniques. First, our model extracts a spatial temporal feature sequence from the observed video using inflated 3D convolutional networks {{cite:355819ac06afb55a76c47e6f7356839da5c6350f}}. Then we propose a novel encoder decoder architecture to forecast futur...
i
9e462fbca4bf602c29772e64fadc688e
Given the diversity of the downstream tasks, we do not see a single clear winner. However, our Ladder-BYOL maintain a balance of downstream performances at a high level by being the best in ImageNet-1k (IN) linear classification, the best in COCO (CC) box-based detection, and the second best in instance segmentation. F...
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d285cc076f1d4673dc72a227ea6c6a8e
One dimensional disordered electronic systems are always localized. Following the scaling theory {{cite:b50aba340ef13f86fe8ba50ce33783d8bca7091a}} this implies that by increasing the length {{formula:00f88c76-98e6-459d-a01f-ba2e844960e2}} of the wire for a fixed amplitude of disorder, its typical conductance ultimatel...
i
3a638881c8c30b68a8b23c0606b0866b
One of the key aspects of the CERN LHC physics program is the search for new resonances predicted in theories beyond the standard model (SM). Given the fairly stringent limits already set on masses of such resonances in fermionic decay channels (e.g., via dilepton or dijet searches), it is particularly interesting to e...
i
0fe2fabc91ac09efd8a720deb4aa466c
In order for baryogenesis to take place, the following three Sakharov requirements {{cite:229de645cea441bf623e1878dd3ebf2bb0ea924d}} must be met: (i) non-conservation of baryon number ({{formula:9354381f-3eec-4db1-bb06-77f89b896e5f}} ), (ii) {{formula:b1e86fbe-a90f-4f5d-b9e0-d591242c3917}} and {{formula:4e969e2c-2820-...
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748ade91b52e5b6dbb05a4e7bde43936
No other data on the W diffusion activation energy in EUROFER could be found in the literature, but there is some data for the activation energy for W diffusion in Fe available. All of the reported experiments are done at considerably higher temperatures (>1000K) and analysed either by electron probe micro analysis (EP...
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f4dac7a4030b96488e3fa95ea4866452
Since the transverse electric field is applied in the plane of metal atoms, its effect is added to the diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian matrix as a potential term. The mentioned term is calculated by multiplying the strength of the field to the y-coordinate of each atom while the lower (upper) edge of the nanoribbo...
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cfebbef81cf90a4986b8a260d3e25ce5
This section provides a connection between LDU (section 3.2) and kernel ridge regression. Let us consider the generic training of a kernel ridge regressor model {{cite:58d0c35cef2e91bcfa1ef12172bb9f2a2f42cec6}} {{formula:232fe487-aea6-4f3c-a67f-5e74389d6f53}} on the training set {{formula:2e19e1d7-cb64-4dff-bfff-ea636...
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Brownian dynamics simulation. We implemented a basic bead-spring algorithm{{cite:74702a57afa5a4825e9574f6e623f14603c403a1}}, {{cite:850fe759c6dbe8d1de76f54a919f86695b9c7dd6}} to simulate the Brownian dynamics of polymer chains in an entangled solution, using standard interactions as discussed previously{{cite:5db9d9316...
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6d8f69bbf6fe83c49469c0c82164121e
Tabular {{formula:b520e42c-b689-404a-a141-e0478de655fb}} (with importance sampling) is one of the widely used methods for off-policy evaluation in reinforcement learning (RL), whose goal is to estimate the value function of a given target policy via the data that is generated from a behavior policy. Due to the high-di...
i
09ba01a8eeb30e3338e52ee867932858
AutoKeras {{cite:d36413913d89d9d6988f47b197a3f7470f2f5a9d}} based on Keras package {{cite:eaa9ed4466dc64238b85c2558816055b60aa3f7f}} searches deep neural networks and hyper-parameters. For each dataset, we set number of max_trials as 20 and number of epochs as 20. It tries 20 different Keras models and trains each mode...
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097b9eec3276d48053c6b0d54579bffa
The last decade witnessed a spectacular progress in the astrophysical black hole observations. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration unraveled the first-ever image of the supermassive black hole M87* at the center of the nearby galaxy Messier 87 {{cite:d18a38ff20de1af078d5831d66b51fec6a445826}}, {{cite:cad4d2...
i
c85651cce18484fb881c302012066730
Reaching results similar to the state-of-the-art architectures in generic tasks, with reasonable hardware and GPU time investment, is crucial for applying NAS in the industry. POPNASv3 goal is to provide fast neural architecture prototyping, optimizing the computation time without any significant accuracy drop compared...
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86b0e695f0ad661c4755860efa4190ed
A substantial body of work has investigated contemporary language models (LMs) by assessing whether their behavior is consistent with the rules of syntax {{cite:ae4b26e8e40b066d89dff63c36dfa0cbac15043a}}, {{cite:9a8ce73c99e76132cbb8f4de59bb7fac3ab7ddb2}}, {{cite:56a7e8a4fe94970afed80a9c952c3775b9fd0ec2}}.Data and code ...
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4e59d7a2ae2391af3c6bda28c75602d3
For our proposed deep network, we provide a more direct and efficient strategy to generate arbitrary resolution of the enhanced image (see Figure REF ) compared to bilateral learning methods. In addition, for HDRNet {{cite:eb14b06deb551a9a4d53a533b7f320a4c75c5c53}}, we replace the additive operator with a convolutional...
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Lemma 10 (From RDP to {{formula:a4312795-6fc1-4176-89f2-85ea5b374e43}} -DP {{cite:8fe991dba7c07441d39891b2ccec74725c751562}}) If a randomized mechanism {{formula:f8f96537-9656-40da-9a6f-dedc2268a740}} satisfies {{formula:2de39913-e0f9-46bd-b5a0-7e7e22fc4d84}} -RDP, then {{formula:9563bb20-023a-4020-be56-967bedb621d4}...
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07074b76dceb05658c61e6115f16bc6c
Localised contrasting methods form pretext tasks by pulling the representation of a node closer to its augmented counterpart or close neighbours to distil the localised contextual information {{cite:eeae4b09db79e8450dbce4180342221377c43c3d}}, {{cite:6f7317a19e5f803ada0f2392b8a803c86a7b4bd8}}, {{cite:559179d387e1e4e33e9...
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8817e207041da7b02f1fece9f82f81e0
Moreover, we did not allow for the production of scalar particles in the cascade. In section REF we argued that we may safely leave out the SM Higgs doublet in our analysis, but this may be different in models with extended Higgs sectors (with more degrees of freedom, and often also enhanced couplings to some fermions...
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be27994b7fdd31ad20b8b452e2eec449
Some improvements over interpolated Kneser-Ney have been suggested over the years, with limited acceptance. Modified Kneser-Ney smoothing {{cite:362013f565585925f00360c7c0da92d3a3657678}}, {{cite:d2d856a5f144f6d1089cd658421b7c5e76e60969}}, {{cite:5742bfa29f75c30e9cf20c01a75b69ee6eacb4d3}}, {{cite:f4aad55d36016f95c03d74...
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A possibility we have in mind is that the current time value {{formula:17ec6f95-29da-4b40-94f1-ebec23d51bd9}} derived from the data fitted with the standard model {{cite:c2d80be17563125ed5120100412348ba319546b3}}, i.e. assuming Einstein's equation, might be biased due to the fact that this equation implicitly prefers ...
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Figure REF shows the qualitative results of FSCN on the KITTI Eigen validation set, while comparing with two leading algorithms BTS{{cite:862409ef291c1a2316f8c9b6833b5168ff2d6177}} and DenseDepth{{cite:7b2953f515ec2fafa32d5c2211dafed0d1f3b8f9}}. From this figure, we can observe that FSCN method shows more details in t...
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Our results indicate that all machine learning methods substantially outperformed the traditional AFT and Cox proportional hazards models in estimating TEH. This is not surprising given that the traditional models often encode strong parametric and linearity assumptions, which are prone to bias when model assumptions f...
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The learning rate {{formula:7007ff1a-ff01-405a-ab62-5152fb450d78}} should decrease with iteration number {{formula:3b2fb787-a83c-413e-8d3d-4c473568c449}} , such that the conditions {{cite:b1cb489854ac386509f1e4e89ddd4573c7a12af6}}, {{cite:db5e71668c75b21bc9a4189bf113484876be6846}} {{formula:229bc47b-d6dc-4f0c-a9be-d9e...
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Base: Each client uses local data to train its local models without federated learning. FedAvg {{cite:45ef48e112ff92f0f41ffec393adf81707d2df53}}: The server aggregates all client models without any particular operations for non-iid data. FedProx {{cite:1cbf345cf4452bbd1d3c1f0c4ebe7ba628d35d38}}: Allow partial inform...
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where {{formula:a95c89e0-c12f-47f4-9a0e-ed0e412bcdff}} and {{formula:d35e8ad2-6a45-4fdc-94b2-bf498ccb470a}} are the momenta in the {{formula:beb8ee57-3e7e-40bc-982b-e6eb0d1d512b}} and {{formula:efec70b5-8fbc-4890-bef4-15bed2d9824b}} center of mass systems respectively, evaluated at the energy in the {{formula:67202...
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We compare our model with the following non-autoregressive methods. NAT with fertility {{cite:b945c96f48dc6646d619a7498a7572e8d07b9efe}} is the first to propose non-autoregressive neural machine translation, which predicts input token fertilities as a latent variable. Latent Transformer (LT) {{cite:2fef44f6fda96a6a2599...
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Generation of Oracle-Invariant examples: While the strongest Oracle-Invariant examples are generated using the gradient-free attacks Square {{cite:c981532167c322a73778264969e18b7a56b1e396}} and Ray-S {{cite:03235df7056ae1b4d425f42d0621b636aea5e900}}, they require a large number of queries (5000 to 10000), which is com...
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Filtering Test Datasets. Following prior practices {{cite:9aacec59d159f933bd5894f915d70a0ecc56986e}}, {{cite:f649e016608c6ebc598221b149f0d68d4dbe8826}} and our criterion mentioned above, we filter and refrain to report potentially contaminated datasets' evaluation results. For LAMBADA and CLUE, we find minimal overlap ...
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d881b8420277d018f4e5279abb9b41bc
The mass modelling of Q2138-431 turned out to be straightforward. This was not unexpected, as the lensing galaxy lies close to the line of centres of the quasar images, and roughly in the position one would expect given their brightness ratio. This contrasts strongly with for example the asymmetric Q0957+561 {{cite:958...
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160385feafaf533b945bd81acf7489e2
To evaluate quantitative results, we use precision, recall, F1 score and accuracy. As a test set, we use a COVIDx introduced by Wang et al. {{cite:40d716e7b598452a6af3dd7bfc9440d71dedbb7c}}. It consists of 300 images equally distributed into three classes. A globally trained model’s inference results in a single classi...
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f3f60620d5e135b8084ff4f218dfd5f8
As shown in Table 1 in the experiments section, without RL, training under MLE already produces high-quality candidate captions with the upper bound reaching a CIDEr-D score of {{formula:4be5c5e1-0ddf-47aa-bfd4-8cd421f64448}} points. We suggest that one possible future work is training a stronger image-text selector, ...
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c2eb846143e730666e6f146cb1c922c4
There has been a long-standing interest in electrical breakdown in liquid helium (LHe), motivated by practical applications as well as fundamental interest. LHe may be used as electric insulator and thermal conductor at cryogenic temperatures, which may simplify the design of superconducting magnets{{cite:e8539b05b7cf6...
i
cce77ae11e7322b3f16473c9dabb69fb
The augmented Lagrangian (in its “scaled form” – see {{cite:bdc182574fa17d286af40eb1607c220e11c56cee}}) associated with this problem is given by {{formula:6ea81b07-167f-4c1b-8661-5148eac90c39}}
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The heterogeneous network model described in this paper facilitates characterization of the dynamics of complex, biochemical systems by abstracting the dynamics of their composite motifs such as the yeast cell cycle based upon {{cite:974ee8232c089d76f348196e4388dd94fd4bf624}}. We note that the proposed heterogeneous ne...
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52ddbf86e55a77d4ab48d35456ce97d3
Problem (REF ) is arguably the most basic optimization problem, which nevertheless arises in many applications in machine learning and statistics {{cite:9d46c730e85936d3229cf4822a6ca74983ea9d00}}, {{cite:3d9c2af25bfdbb569b10057af01a0562e4b05dfe}}, {{cite:c37f298c19ed3dd1f8bb4517cc60462ed8cab493}}, {{cite:5d3e7dbcec7a7b...
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f6e5d6504cb5919a982d895be785a0e4
Multimodal encoding Given the input features {{formula:0944a6d1-1357-4459-813b-a9aa0595cddc}} , {{formula:08893b3a-69ee-4051-8771-b90dfa4f429a}} , as shown in fig:model, we use two encoders to compute their representation respectively. For each multimodal encoder, a learned [cls] token {{cite:35f780dda6d7ad8fb462e213c5...
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9e2ed1e046b0d1f01257bc3364dc3beb
Regarding the center-of-mass energy of the hadron collisions, we use by default {{formula:ea21f2df-ce31-44fc-9e46-743e4a498035}} , although we also explored the TeV region accessible by LHC, setting {{formula:c12bdeb7-291d-4ab3-9e02-de917e286c2a}} . We are interested in studying the improvements associated to new and u...
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83195ecdac3f98ce0e204ddd70a8cf05
NOMA is considered as one of the key technologies for fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G cellular networks {{cite:b0194ef65cad0e200538c2dbff6bd2cdf1191036}}. In NOMA, the users are multiplexed across the power domain and the SIC is employed at the receiver side to decode the data. The capacity improvement with the mul...
i
e49dd992e9170fbad291e42efea07065
The ECG original samples, {{formula:43f298f5-eb31-4527-be73-e25da6eea076}} are perturbed through the FGSM attack by calculating the gradients of the Discriminator model, {{formula:039686f7-485c-484f-a035-a056690c6f6b}} . So it calculates the gradients of the loss, {{formula:6f6749ef-c6be-4eb0-a752-b00cb9e202bc}} base...
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At the pressures required to stabilize many of the superconducting polyhydrides, the chemical intuition developed from living at atmospheric pressure breaks down. Seemingly bizarre stoichiometries such as NaCl{{formula:63b29bca-532c-4728-9dff-fe87f32bc9f2}}  {{cite:a4ba6c61f67310cee5f9f7fea7fa4f7312710f34}} and FeH{{fo...
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631e1798c046c70aaa50bd4c4c68455d
Since the CosmoGrid simulation is a dark matter-only simulation, we do not account for the effect of baryons. Because the formation of the large-scale environment is dominated by dark matter, the lack of baryons has little influence on the formation of the haloes. Star clusters however likely contain little or no dark ...
d
25ce9fc34e66622bd2ddbcb8e9a45303
The frame potential function {{cite:8874fa212fc4099ca3c162e98b59df66b3b128b3}} takes a frame as input and returns its “frame potential value”. This value reveals important information about the properties of the input frame. The concept was first studied in {{cite:d6b041ddb0331833ae8aa6547f8c40c6d2b30377}} where the q...
i
38dad0c5a51b3f96496ea35e1dd7a0d6
where {{formula:690c0662-47dc-41b2-b90f-e6fc8af30d94}} is the number of base learners used to build the ensemble. A necessary condition for Eq. (REF ) to be valid is that all base learners need to produce quality estimates of the same perceptual scale, which is nontrivial to satisfy when formulating BIQA as a ranking...
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147d75fcee8c6f4b387790d44ef6efeb
The gradient reversal layer requires additional tuning {{cite:a6588f4230b46c5de5a41a8f11d019c589c86178}}. Specifically, like {{cite:a6588f4230b46c5de5a41a8f11d019c589c86178}}, we gradually introduce gradient reversal in our training using a warm-up schedule. For the first 10 epochs of training, the {{formula:ac8ba6af-7...
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bcc4321498632b2654a818fde409618f
1.) The weighting function in distance correlation is selected in such a way that the dependence measure can be expressed in terms of covariances of data-dependent distances. However this convenience comes with the price, since weighting function may remove some important information from {{formula:236416ad-490b-4b0b-b...
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a477004e59cd7c67390a3a92ce982bb9
Probability distribution: The total simulation volume containing the field value {{formula:d77ba26c-caf5-4ad1-bdc8-27c582befd86}} at a given time {{formula:b0d0e799-ecb4-40e8-975a-1f407b48a008}} is displayed in Fig. REF . This probability distribution is initially peaked at {{formula:b19b5c69-30ed-4c1a-91fa-8710923d...
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5faa03bf6b85cf4d56dc9dc53b3e0fc8
The existing approaches to segmenting unknown objects can be divided into two depending on whether they use supervision for unknown objects or not. In either case, the model has access to known classes during training, i.e. inlier or in-distribution, and the goal is to identify the pixels belonging to an unknown class,...
i
7227f5e251d6f2db3db6fdf2b687c2f6
There are other possibilities for implementing full unitarity and analyticity in the one-loop results. In particular a well-known alternative that we also consider here is the N/D method {{cite:d965746a7ea772d84de3de6917c1c361362a0beb}}. There are many ways for applying it depending on the problem at hand. Here we will...
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3cd8db28cc8f9f93a06a60d9451fae4b
In this paper, we show that despite the general consensus that textual adversarial attacks should preserve semantics, striving for ever-higher success rates seems to be more important when implementing them. We combine a human evaluation with a simple probabilistic analysis to show that between 96% and 99% of the adver...
i
75a9fdbd72efed4848dda4e4421aa888
The H30{{formula:f320ff67-ad0f-4958-b1ff-cf68148fab41}} results can be compared to some of the published {{formula:1b0fa3d8-f972-4486-aec3-be24cff191f8}} based on other radio data analyses. To start with, two papers have published analyses based on radio recombination lines. {{cite:c7bcb7036d21d7c422e3e2062580c8201ef...
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70ca0b7608558229b696481828651d91
Current methods for detecting interference include conditional randomization tests {{cite:16b031303c668d2fd47f0e3e3d95d9802b43856a}}, {{cite:4a023663629c4b48fad07107a9815f6016444a5f}} (as outlined in Section ) and carefully designed experiments performed with the intention to detect interference {{cite:6d24e2f4a0f0674a...
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