text
stringlengths
54
548k
label
stringclasses
4 values
id_
stringlengths
32
32
Most of the surveyed SSL models contain a stack of Transformer layers following the convolutional encoder. Since previous studies have shown that the last layer is not always the most useful for a given task, we adopt the weighted sum approach following SUPERB {{cite:b286eaeecf0e18f8d846745ac7000d2ef5535da8}}. This all...
m
ec9c867db75faca3bb30d358dffc758c
All graphs considered in this paper are finite, undirected, and have no loops or multiple edges. Let {{formula:aa34b887-966a-473d-b3a8-e6e95975cef2}} and {{formula:33f71035-5f67-4bfe-9ea3-871cd1c3b512}} denote the sets of vertices and edges of {{formula:3efe14cd-d315-477e-8ab5-b388ebe40eb5}} , respectively. If {{form...
i
63fd16c5e3b3112fc874f0b905a0c2ee
A generative model is a set of probability distributions that models the distribution of observed and latent variables. Generative models are used in many machine learning applications. One is often interested in performing inference of the latent variable given an observation, i.e. obtaining the posterior distribution...
i
0d7984c1a0480e0b429f64ee01442592
When we glimpse different manifestations of quantum chaos like hydrodynamics and ETH connecting to the emergence of RMT, it suggests to us that a larger synthesis may be possible. Certainly there are many connections between chaos, random matrix statistics, and eigenstate thermalization, e.g. as reviewed in {{cite:8f4c...
d
d8c59ba3e096f207e40b0c9345419572
We address these issues by using a two-stage training procedure, similar to {{cite:bddcc304887ccba9b439e749d74280b240095d05}}, {{cite:da79d303dbafc5065f8c91ec4b4498a5a3ca5ac4}}:
m
1bb2e173c17fb4da468bf7623e33e8c4
Table REF and Table REF additionally compares the driving score, road completion and infraction score of the presented approach (InterFuser) to prior state-of-the-art on the CARLA Town05 benchmark {{cite:e5a0d0f1fac96b48033a9bcc849ad7fb92a7676c}} and CARLA 42 routes {{cite:2166f672dbb17261b5f11524f4ba119ea07ec10d}}. ...
r
5744f35e2901c021782edf63620da5ea
Comparing our method to others for the SER, we can see that we are slightly outperformed by VGGish {{cite:8126b98f165b8ffed6aec5972826c0cd545ec14c}}, {{cite:20f39418d3c6e2b2482c8d3d7d9b1c6c25d22d97}}, according to results taken from {{cite:cb95ccfbde6c3a231a13d49986f0d5cf8741e969}}, which has been trained with million ...
r
ae2e74e5cbd78f80328f95fcc8d1202a
Theorem {{cite:c85e857b4272ccf5fe3bfb544c727b71f9190126}}: Each positive definite kernel defines a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS).
r
deef278278b88f089e81e6a382451fff
In general, we observe very similar posterior distributions generated by the two different methods. One can additionally compare the reconstructed observables as shown in Fig. REF exemplarily for the energy spectrum. In comparison with Fig. REF , one can see that both methods yield good agreement between the modeled s...
m
68b266b4bdcf5db587a3722acfd94250
It is well known that the Blaschke product {{formula:9ba77fbe-d1b2-4380-a236-cc36284f5b42}} given by (REF ) converges absolutely for {{formula:d85ed874-1347-4f90-9ac2-a2a009da54a9}} and satisfies {{formula:8c81d52c-e818-49ed-a95e-61063bcdbea1}} with {{formula:3b2eef0d-cfd4-4fd8-af03-4a46bd1a8665}} , since {{formula:...
r
97187d736826674bb5b00a2cfaa01bec
which solves the time-independent Fokker-Planck equation {{cite:4ae8a63c43e9089311df70459be57877885579af}}. Note that {{formula:7bb3ceb0-bfd7-41f7-8b7c-69be168d0a0b}} and, by extension, {{formula:c13ca8fb-daf9-4fbc-b49b-51648e87195b}} are symmetric under the change {{formula:86c7d963-ac88-4c1a-9d7b-eac9c9ecc57b}} an...
i
a16c0f399eb6c2f76f18a45d8c67102a
Looking Backward. Production systems were one of the first AI research attempts to model cognitive behaviour and form the basis of many existing models of cognition. However, in traditional symbolic AI, both the key entities and the rules that operated on the entities were given. For AI agents such as robots trying to ...
d
982955799970697f61daf0a1edbf7191
We would like to give some comments to close this work. First, we notice that the discrepancy between topological phases characterized by {{formula:0dd78b0b-2c72-4009-8617-13b4938ceb65}} becomes vanished if {{formula:9adcd281-d8a7-4ec7-b877-ee8aa4ed4271}} . And in the black brane background (REF ), the CS brane is exc...
d
1ee9892235ef43c961e6f9313a8a1a9b
Approach overview. We adopt multi-task unsupervised tracklet learning with each task dedicated for an individual camera view as {{cite:a56d4d62dd4cf00337bafbd832bbb0bc943b0ce7}}, {{cite:0ca9b1efb241f410f698787dd5c435097aacb150}}. In particular, we first automatically annotate each tracklet with a unique class label per...
m
e9d33d81e9cc5e0ef64668e79422c3f4
We also study how the entropy bias is affected by adding a threshold bias term or ReLU-activated hidden layers. One of our main results, Theorem 5.5, proves that adding layers to a feed-forward neural network with ReLU activations makes the bias towards low entropy stronger. We also show empirically that the bias towar...
d
695d41c94291c47466da0b0fd2320d97
Our simulations show that massive clusters form rapidly in converging regions on timescales of Myrs, in agreement with previous work {{cite:52e93ede490f7c4e9f34e1aec8a54bc60b3efb92}}, {{cite:ae58d659f58da580508c04648c20736e2266c2ac}}. However whilst these previous simulations only considered simplistic cases of two con...
d
7f0fee4369c83093f0af79b44290c7bb
Comparing the three cases:  Table REF shows the testing accuracy of the classifiers in the three cases under strong privacy guarantee on STL10 dataset. We have two observations from the results. First, we observe that Case III achieves significantly higher testing accuracy than the other two cases. For instance, the t...
r
0ca8ee5f23ed693aeab860437f368b15
Generation of the DVS spikes responses along with the filtering was implemented entirely in Matlab, while the SCNN and its various layers were coded in Python using the Nengo-DL library {{cite:9df7a60fdd474690dd95db8e9f45e69b0eb41a55}}. The generated .mat files of the dataset were loaded into the Python network using t...
m
09feff37dc7165f5107fa2c8aa446b1e
Assume that {{formula:2e3092ed-6cff-4677-8723-ecf9deb1ffb6}} is always Hurwtiz and {{formula:721a5007-6f3e-4864-9afe-dd1a5e71bd31}} for some {{formula:9bee70ba-15d3-4448-926d-862c0435316f}} and all {{formula:72cd1a05-24c3-45bf-ab1d-44183e794187}} . In this case we can pick {{formula:080a2132-21e4-480e-b676-fb793b25...
d
91f241ea9cd75c060de93bb0e988de1f
On the other hand, as for the tasks related to the named enity recognition as well as the keyword extraction, we followed the same procedure that was done in our previous work {{cite:327ece3635736cfd274794441d50f59d52801785}}, taking into account that no new layers were added to the model, a linear layer was used to ma...
r
6319a08136e37cd2404e0e34c8c70a77
Finally, interpolation-based re-ranking, which combines the benefits of sparse and dense scores, significantly outperforms the BERT-CLS re-ranker and dense retrievers. Recall that dense re-rankers operate solely based on the dense scores and discard the sparse BM25 scores of the query-document pairs. The superiority of...
m
44fee945d18cfa124d802e9522d0a77c
Music Information Retrieval (MIR) is a growing domain of audio processing that aims to extract information (labels, symbolic or temporal features) from audio signals {{cite:cd82cae8a46f6611cc8ec4771907bde8db081deb}}, {{cite:1a3d39807ad390a8003d252ddabac24cbc685b47}}. This field embeds both musical and scientific challe...
i
17585ec07a3626b918e1e853c33c1e5c
Experiments with relativistic heavy-ion collisions at facilities like the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider provide the opportunity to study deconfined QCD matter which is dynamically evolving in an out-of-equilibrium state. Over the last years it has become emergent that the bulk dynamics o...
i
e43737667e674995a51807d5eac0d491
Next, we consider how previously proposed bias mitigation methods {{cite:0870676de9d9c59c5d5c3a780fa7cea04468a80b}}, {{cite:391361a3ec7a4543ceb7f3930fd535fa293d74c6}}, {{cite:f632a5dd25a8279c733ca1d96ae81b89514133c1}}, {{cite:6c47e97f607c191b4285c47bda66666db6ece9b8}} perform when evaluated using multi-attribute bias a...
m
0af1732e5a2624a3115c7051394c8d3a
In what follows, we shall also be computing the half-chain entanglement entropy of the Floquet eigenstates. The procedure for this is as follows. First, corresponding to any eigenstate {{formula:b9fbec13-e8d6-4a9a-9722-d043d93a178e}} , we construct a density matrix {{formula:14075f54-a88c-477f-9e46-8f33c3d2dc9c}} whic...
m
3f9d2527715c04403fc31f46fcb34f14
One of the most fundamental tests of the Copernican principle comes from observations of our motion with respect to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) rest frame, which induces a kinematic dipole that has already been observed in the CMB {{cite:bb7047d87f2da309314b5c61cb61399002cf63cb}}, {{cite:b5f9c0cea911a7b266c54...
i
a8e772496ad8b6d4253267d54c7990e4
Global contrastive Global contrastive methods treat every image as its own class, while artificially creating novel instances of said class through random data augmentations. In this work, we evaluate contrastive methods using Momentum Contrast (MoCo) {{cite:e45a78943275672b459c6ab2a8d8d932eb2e738d}}, and specifically...
m
5dbb4f795699e9ba95342f7105cf1018
Two key processes allow the NS/BH to accrete mass at a high rate and launch the jets during this common envelope evolution (CEE), the formation of an accretion disk and neutrino cooling by the accreted mass. The density gradients in the envelope and in the core leads to a non-axisymmetrical accretion flow where the NS/...
i
43e198dc614dbd433dad2b37dfcec1a5
paragraph4.2ex plus.2ex minus.2ex-1emEmbedding Algorithms. We use both fastText {{cite:67bc7f0a1363a87170d01874cecc412829d4cb23}} and Skip-gram word2vec {{cite:b443d6e885a1ccf779642cf913d51a18a03c03f2}} embeddings, as two of the most common embedding algorithms. Word representations in fastText are composed of both a w...
m
5b1ffda177bbe40ed26ea0c2169e2be7
In this section, we describe our proposed method for sequential scene flow estimation and sequential point cloud forecasting. Our model solves the defined tasks by exploiting several properties of point cloud sequences {{cite:1eabb218f706966be9ac71f3434826803aaa8504}}, {{cite:c9d82c918e7aea44deb704847ac5ff4c10756dc0}}:...
m
9534fbc7c25bf4ca75963c35b65842d4
Due to the use of an optical cavity with the near-perfect temporal and spatial matching, the memory efficiency of 67{{formula:a26abd2e-1ead-47b7-9fe7-901d7c145d14}} 1% and the excess noise close to QNL have been directly measured. For set of input coherent states within the mean photon number range from {{formula:39dab...
d
e79eca5a9e3bd4070946ad20c822993b
Considering the target samples do not have ground truth label, the self-training methods {{cite:15c24148416d61638663e406365a5830ceb67ecc}} utilize the inaccurate pseudo label to calculate the cross-entropy loss. Therefore, optimizing {{formula:4f1ab6e3-0080-4ac7-b2e6-ce060bdd92f3}} can potentially be more helpful for ...
m
ad03a9e20f0a7b73a8d0a587d0ef879a
The interplay between the predictive distribution and the restriction property of the DP is the cornerstone of the “indirect" proof-method of Theorem REF . This method imposes two strong constraints in the choice of the prior distribution: i) the predictive distribution induced by the prior must depend on the sampling ...
m
ece406ed65c881b54d99daac77c24d08
In the polar coordinate plane (see the left panel of Fig. REF ), the coordinate origin with zero eccentricity is no longer a stationary point. This is different from the prograde case (it is known from {{cite:8affdf86431621e709851efc5125a7f2aefbe86a}} and {{cite:16ca3ce1aa22f8498694998e7fb2dd5cfbc18f50}} that in the pr...
r
ed3d3c874b061e9e62212cace7aa3e6d
Evaluation is done on datasets covering a variety of objects and settings (i.e., Named Datasets). CelebA {{cite:f10593d487c39ebee5da6ca41394ddc0feda8d1b}} is a large-scale dataset of faces. LSUN {{cite:562a1b50f866d8f7ddfe777060d8a756b27363c9}} contains ten different scene categories, from which we use the images of br...
r
c0f1892691c00f1ff0152a4d2b473f5b
Although the recursive least squares successfully estimates the elements of the noise covariance matrices, it does not guarantee SPD estimates of the covariance matrix. The convergence of the estimates to the true covariance matrices is guaranteed provided the matrix {{formula:f8cd2dd1-02c1-413b-922f-2a49a93ff844}} is...
m
8e4747226d526ff4537d3c81a5b84d46
Thought weak limits are known for the optimal value in the regularized optimal transport problem, less is known about the distributional limits of the optimizers themselves. In this paper we provide the limits of the empirical solutions of the primal problem (plans/couplings), the dual problem (potentials) and the cele...
i
3534906ca49d7160c18c36bdc9e3665d
It has been a long-standing problem in space-time physics to resolve the mysterious relationship between information and gravity. According to this fundamental question, a recent efficient approach is to examine complementarity between quantum entanglement and geodesic structures in the context of holographic principle...
i
d8d11d192065524fa9c5a62614a8b5a8
Face recognition (FR) has been well investigated for decades. Most of the progress is credited to large-scale training datasets {{cite:0b05fbca8d18058a2539aa8ff1052bcaa52c8c1e}}, {{cite:43de7bd21483eaace5d20c907d778ee75ebe069b}}, resource-intensive networks with millions of parameters {{cite:858da22842ad9969a7288cfd170...
i
cdbadbd92d3b7b94a902b5e9db78115a
In this work, we have presented a comprehensive exploration of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in collisionless pair plasmas via fully kinetic Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations. With a shearing-box setup implemented in our relativistic PIC code Zeltron ({{cite:d6dc2f0a4139a1edef0afce03bfd3b4f1e5f7815}}), we ha...
d
762cf812ad7539ad0a50524198c49383
The obtained distribution of waiting times (with logarithmic bin) is shown in Figure REF (left column), while in the right column is reported the same distribution divided for the binsize; the last distribution is proportional to {{formula:e3cd1575-d7f9-4ed0-9546-3091cf5ac08f}} . Fitting functions are superimposed to ...
r
28c8f9ce2952d8863c4d092772c61d85
As described in Sec. , we find a linearly increasing complexity (or decreasing close to the recurrence time). However, the way the linear increase arises from the bulk perspective is different in our case than in previously proposed holographic complexity measures. In the latter case, the holographic dual to computatio...
d
4f9dbed92ef3ec54914e5bf2eadc3d64
A black hole mass this large in Leo I is not expected from extrapolation of any of the standard black-hole to host-galaxy correlations. Of course, these small systems do not necessarily need to follow the trends seen in normal galaxies, but the black hole mass reported here does stand out. {{cite:aa68442155297b200aff5b...
d
39609f7ae17b06c7d945e728dcaff36e
Intuitively, the initial term {{formula:81af2ffc-15bf-4c95-ac15-447ac4b6b76a}} in regret upper bound in Theorem REF describes the regret caused by the “burn-in” period of exploring the space of contexts and it does not contribute to the asymptotic regret growth. Note that we consider running Thompson sampling from th...
d
775c84bd85b2ce4f1742dc58990e7239
This work was supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China under contract No. 2017YFB1002202. (Corresponding author: Zhenzhong Chen, E-mail:zzchen@ieee.org)In the era of information overload, people have been inundated by large amounts of online content. Consequently, recommender systems play a pivotal role i...
i
bd457b2a36670e11572e69f4b4b336a5
Computational learning systems driven by the success of deep learning have obtained great success in several computational data mining and learning system as computer vision, natural language processing, clustering, and many more {{cite:e4e8c6dfeaeab086c545d2f21a0ebfec37e9360d}}. However, although deep models have demo...
i
bfe8e05dd05c962170cd796cc58c1d9d
where {{formula:6ec19495-8a39-4d56-8cbe-eedaee88886e}} . According to the experimental data for 28 GHz channels in {{cite:2a7557207aa1281fd0e0a47c416406edd91dcd7b}}, the parameters in (REF ) are set to be {{formula:a53cfdef-ae16-4e5c-9168-df2213d25330}} for a line-of-sight (LOS) path of {{formula:8a5087a4-b691-4552-8...
r
a5304fd9e19d7a957984fc7a27120b7e
Another option to reduce spin precession due to the prevalent electromagnetic fields would be to place a foil (e.g. made of Carbon) that is able to shield part of the fields. This setup would, however, be more in line with RPA {{cite:e2adbb4ebf0c109a555adfa00f6485a36d0d276f}}.
d
95992065b45c4f9fe7bb8454b1326147
Actually, one may go into broader generality and consider similar problems for any monotone property of words (sets of words closed under any alphabet permutation and taking factors). One natural example from outside the pattern avoidance setting, are words avoiding abelian squares (words of the form {{formula:458d6d9a...
d
45c63bd352ed47600198aa9950c4adb8
Skyrmion number {{formula:793eccad-0fcd-40b6-a89c-c3fad7f7983c}} and injective scalar value {{formula:8a3fb698-0773-42f6-b9fa-4dc70a59761c}} . In order to support the discussion of skyrmionic textures, the topological skyrmion number {{cite:113461f3977d1ef9b928e8ca154677c88c4b238b}} {{formula:f594ea99-bbed-4f27-94f8-6...
m
66eba197904358011dc4201f7416289c
As the binary classification method, we choose logistic regression (LR), and use the implementation of it available from scikit-learn.https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html We consider LR a good choice, given that it is a probabilistic classifier that already pro...
m
32091054f8264418a2453fa2ae619d86
The above power inequality was first conjectured by Halmos and a delicate proof was given by Berger (see {{cite:7977d9f98f0beaf03a278bbdcdbcb03922fdf5ef}}, {{cite:be4716bea5f864687d73be9c6a2f3b149634be59}}). After that, generalizations for polynomial or analytic functions on the unit disc have been done. In 1966, Pearc...
i
9cbe6951708028f932bbb37ef50b9a02
We further validate our proposed co-occurrence based mixing technique on the salient object detection (SOD) task and present a comparison with existing mixing methods {{cite:6360c52c2e70a627413f73639ab73873ef1fcf1c}}, {{cite:35d204dfe0b81ac68bf1ea6c9373fa2d8ef807a7}} in Table REF . Similar to the task of semantic segme...
r
fb417fb6a07b3fae4c237caff22c7c94
Scale-free graphs can be easily generated using a well-known technique called preferential attachment {{cite:13bd0ef03de63b67546412163aefc6e173df72d9}}. In a simple serial model known as Barabasi-Albert (BA) model {{cite:3b8fa15978ec81913ffe77d0837dabc44cd1e08c}}, a scale-free graph is constructed, starting with a smal...
m
9ed9018099f5a821fb9f6a46ccc83701
The paper is organised as follows. Our notation for the 2HDM-II is set up in Section . In Section  theoretical constraints like perturbativity, vacuum stability, and unitarity are studied, while Section  introduces electroweak precision observables in the form of the oblique parameters. Constraints stemming from the SM...
i
93314d4a711b9b32847c17b149c5af88
Numerical methods to acquire the LE spectrum by evaluating Jacobians from the functional form of the governing equations or by reconstruction of state space from time histories do exist for smooth systems {{cite:cd9629dd99c34ad1a4e203982b3c58b315b0edec}}, {{cite:7f53c0977f763bb8ce5cc2a64ff1230836a7152b}}. However, this...
i
97514a4628de10c65c748c483fc02991
BTL-Uniform. We generate synthetic data using the Bradley-Terry-Luce (BTL) model. Under this model, each arm {{formula:b18387d5-3a96-4c35-96f6-67843d76a960}} is associated with a weight {{formula:fe05b5ec-bf57-4de3-81eb-5a61d0fde770}} (sampled uniformly in the interval {{formula:bb46df3f-9002-4de3-af58-fb1c20c251f4}}...
r
28ff8d626be6d795693d592da6e617f2
{{formula:7388c85b-3df6-467b-b48d-72824a8b1371}}  Zeilberger's creative telescoping {{cite:145e4b3f67cf7c37dd82942fe1c5c7a2820e22e6}}: Given an algorithm {{formula:f6323b08-7303-4de2-9bb1-1ff36aa994eb}} that computes a bivariate sequence, find an algorithm {{formula:0791248b-a36a-432e-819d-f9e08dd30b50}} that is not ...
i
75d5e0c2c4fc7c8c678677df21d265f1
where {{formula:e56ecdd5-3443-4189-b7b4-a6c34405e5f3}} is the electromagnetic coupling constant at {{formula:5f556bb2-bfe1-49c3-9051-a8c53516f497}} . The input values for {{formula:b9f788c9-b770-4c10-b87d-797705309586}} and {{formula:9bbca45c-d5e1-4b29-93d9-f5c91ab3944c}} are taken from the potential-model calculati...
r
cf9d3d7b03cd3da265b80bc36db51665
We additionally report results in terms of V-Measure (VM, {{cite:8988acda1f730ed3f72bd405cd1d7d8aab334234}}) which is an information-theoretic measure. VM is analogous to F-measure, in that it is defined as the weighted harmonic mean of two values, homogeneity (VH, the precision analogue) and completeness (VC, the reca...
m
35357c29139e5ab523bf80c82f6bcd80
The mechanism described here could be valid, however, even if general covariance is broken by quantum effects. For instance, it could arise dynamically in a cosmological scenario. In a “long” high cosmological constant phase in the early universe, natural in the slow-roll inflation scenario {{cite:b2f2d19ee395885034823...
d
489ec80414c94721163d0f10c006cac3
The audio segments are processed by extracting 32 Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) features. The input was augmented with time shift perturbations in the range of T = {{formula:b36a89b1-e608-4976-9452-a3f8cc7ca3ec}} ms and white noise of magnitude {{formula:9ec6f17b-b106-43a9-a25f-ad0eb5725be7}} dB with a p...
m
e79378a90404bb588b789d7c93fba1a9
See § for the proof. Note the inverse condition number {{formula:1319c2c8-c80f-499d-a30c-4cd3a9c6bffe}} yields a tight threshold on the sensitivity of the population for the stability of . Our result can be viewed as the multi-agent extension to {{cite:1f552f770c67429cf522505f8d28b13796997aa4}}. Notice that while {{fo...
r
1fc7abf0d44dd62068227c01a180dde5
With the upper bound of the Bernstein entropy given in (REF ), the bracketing integral in Theorem 5.11 of {{cite:a6e58cd1726641a71c4ef5cd14ac0c43b6bba093}} may be bounded by {{formula:33f0e318-7b17-4757-9923-57fdaef0a482}}
r
53630a220cd69e264c459b677de6af8e
Here, “resnet20” is a Hessian for the ResNet20 network {{cite:ab5d63e2af385f17090221fe00fd79867ff92ff3}} trained on the Cifar-10 dataset. To apply the Lanczos algorithm to this example, we use a slightly modified version of PyHessian {{cite:9875d0ed2ae27b8be859748a6fa14735e59c56ee}}. The “California” and “Erdos992” exa...
d
01a0c5de749d3c9dbb0de504a7f3db92
Considering that the applicability of traditional two-equation eddy viscosity models such as the {{formula:3103c20d-8303-42c1-9052-3d4ea2edbefe}} and the {{formula:10fdd6fc-90bf-436e-a646-3f9bbe241cbc}} is limited depending on the flow (see {{cite:76f29e3904de37d7bf6034acf9ee85aa56b7ddba}}, {{cite:7d3a5d173bfd87fd2ac...
i
8ecd04d4f8613334050ccc3d909ff18e
with the initial conditions {{formula:256af270-9c6f-4cfc-b610-dec76a201964}} and {{formula:7dd19cf4-f797-478c-a394-0b747bfc8793}} . We remark here that the first order derivation {{formula:f7622cd2-303a-453d-82ea-6b5f7d2e7dca}} is not continuous at {{formula:b3191045-4c32-4c0e-9ec3-fa9531997de2}} , noticing {{formula...
m
d8fa2f84e6967226cad6a36f5f9792d4
Table REF illustrates the improved performance by visual clues, such as biLSTM-CRF vs. biLSTM-CRF with image and BERT vs. RpBERT. The inputs of “biLSTM-CRF” and “biLSTM-CRF + BERT” are text only, while those of other models are text-image pairs. “biLSTM-CRF w/ image at {{formula:3ccf8e53-cc5f-432e-b4e6-6bb0d7046a51}} ...
r
d1a043f11553d8feedc7a4a603828b54
As we see in Table REF , SLICER outperforms all other approaches in literature by a significant margin. Results of COLA and BYOL-A were borrowed from their original papers. SimCLR was proposed as the pre-training approach in {{cite:93047bfe2e1e1de77448520baeb92f8e711c5966}}. We attribute the gap in results from the ori...
r
2449f95652d19d58724c4b8ffca92e46
Notice that the complex plane {{formula:cd5bb6f6-5623-42b8-8e55-49ba2518d663}} and compact Riemann surfaces punctured finite points satisfy the assumptions in Theorem REF . Moreover, the objects are analytically stable with respect to the same metric {{formula:db9f4ef2-9b01-4476-8a71-eebd4ffb05fa}} . For higher dimens...
r
773000e5e006f9d4ed8b55d05cd71056
Most of the literature on streaming algorithms implicitly assumes that the stream updates do not depend on previous outputs of the algorithm or on the randomness produced by the algorithm. This assumption may not be realistic in many situations: for example, when the data is chosen by a malicious adversary in response ...
i
b570ff26857bcc652a57ece934d0976b
If the problem (REF ) - () has a global solution, then the feedforward controllers are given by the equation (). However, it seems challenging to show it has a global solution even though it has a unique classical solution within some time from 0 to {{formula:8924d056-437d-40d9-b393-c7453ec668ff}} (see, e.g., {{cite:1...
d
2045784e8e4aab12f1aa7ce0880c7e47
We attempt to simply combine methods for learning with label noise including Co-Teaching {{cite:7ecd9d4ce9c8f497f6a6c84d340eecc6499b5648}}, Co-teaching+ {{cite:28fd0149fb7c0888b914af038f992db195471dec}}, JoCoR {{cite:8a00e132dd5b7eaa1613d906e1715160195b014b}}, Co-Matching {{cite:67386ae4d851eacdb2386eece3e5d22ec9701909...
m
0c3dcd086f606d20dc2faf589f669e61
General relativity can be considered in space-times of various dimensions. Gravity is richer in higher dimensions as black-hole solutions develop non trivial properties in general dimensions {{cite:b28f11433d64bded21a5a24e9efed2f90719023e}}, {{cite:2557a43f12a3ff7e651c77791a29beaa531a6203}}. It is therefore important t...
d
0717f9e41e52242c92bfd2da2009989f
which is the best reconstruction according to the chosen kernel. The kernel can also be interpreted from a Bayesian perspective; in fact, the same solution would be obtained by assuming that {{formula:7cc74057-006f-4b7c-bec9-d2ff9e1c128d}} is a Gaussian Process ({{cite:2916aefba0f4325ce392254bb1141090469a98cb}}) with ...
m
14989d1d53a68c91b37e6697e2bb569f
Therefore, we can simultaneously optimize {{formula:193afc11-f800-499c-a87c-759f77bfea0e}} with standard cross-entropy loss, and optimize {{formula:5607c5a9-29a9-4bb8-b2b8-df021388dc69}} with Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (SGLD), where gradients are taken with respect to {{formula:5f45b4d0-429b-4c91-9176-93d7...
m
c014fd1f4c3f71d11681647b454e1730
For general {{formula:1536ed28-b554-433d-b289-b41985eccf67}} , {{cite:c22dc34ac70c06e8e0992df6b025c1c5d3325a23}} derived the LSD of the sample covariance matrix whose Stieltjes transform {{formula:6198eb51-c249-4b3e-9adc-c6999dd0dfe0}} is given by the Marc̆enko-Pastur equation {{formula:bac2d1fa-3fdd-4e1f-8540-55e47f7...
d
7394a2c61b87723ab254966bf30d2bf8
Comparing Case III-LP with Case III-FT:  Figure REF compares the testing accuracy of Case III-LP and Case III-FT on STL10 dataset when {{formula:ded3dc1f-6671-4fb2-8757-b8c45d0b59fb}} decreases from {{formula:94b2974c-8a9b-4138-99a1-bc8d538d6b70}} (no privacy guarantee) to 0.2 (strong privacy guarantee). In these ex...
r
353bf16c62bfb4f4786d540005d5fdd0
DA is divided into variational and sequential methods {{cite:0603e18cf26e7cafc18e30f6e183888171f78f13}}. In the variational approach, an adjoint model needs to be formulated and solved, which is a computationally expensive approach. Kalman filter as a sequential DA approach is a recursive algorithm that estimates the s...
i
9460b3c0fc69b541c0e96cccdccf9279
By Young's inequality, we have {{formula:e5baddaf-8d0f-4b0d-8e01-48e17fd939cb}} for any {{formula:e39cd092-2c2d-48b3-885e-9cf24743adb6}} , and {{formula:61f83a6f-0b69-46bb-a8b5-de9eae3043bb}} with {{formula:c521fdba-b1ce-4f8a-85b3-389f6b163982}} (c.f., {{cite:71d8c55b139128a982b4cfbfb7966a1cf39cb783}}). Set {{formul...
r
f49c523f28eff4a59b140f290ba965c9
Basic GNN. As Gilmer et al.  {{cite:355cd36627bab358614699a5e614b9ff86357d66}} point out, the critical aspect of a basic GNN is that the benefit of neural message passing is to exchange and update messages between each node pair by using neural networks.
m
ff7d050e69e5013c16a25c6bcbd8ccca
We reproduce VKD, PKD, MiniLM, and RKD but MiniLM {{cite:f89956cb20271d78a4f6789c4031c022138309da}} performs KD on the pre-training stage. For consistency with VKD, PKD, and FSD, we apply MiniLM method on the fine-tuning stage. Previous work {{cite:8069f39df498809acbef735990cfc53bfae6180a}} uses 6-layers of BERT model ...
m
bb7d863ed87d5a12125f75ec91634cdc
In this paper, B-splines are used to approximate {{formula:77cd7311-20e7-49bf-9dbd-2a5253d024db}} . For notational convenience, assume that without loss of generality, all B-splines of order {{formula:70450a9f-b366-43f6-a918-db851f11b68d}} are defined on an extended partition associated with a uniform partition of {{f...
m
eff6b4c15134bbb0b3eb005f6df4a6fb
Our method of orthogonal correction is easy to adapt to different types of biased associations, such as the good-bad notions attached to different races {{cite:864617e74f9a36bf6aa70ad348f11d604682043d}}, {{cite:790dccd5ce71241498e94208d9fd129eec4d404c}} or religions {{cite:3379b3c009bc3e3791877e5dc1eaa0131f0d62d8}}, et...
d
9093172b08f316e0a642b7426705c247
For paragraph generation, as shown in the upper part of Table REF , it is clear that models with a single LSTM decoder perform much worse than those with a hierarchical LSTM decoder. Note that the only difference between Ours-no-Attention and CNN-RNN {{cite:0320bf640ee1fd2e542cb9b48105124e81611c8b}} is that Ours-no-Att...
r
b458043f11e273b33f88465a38ebdf47
With Lemma 3 at hand, Theorem 1 follows now by a direct application {{cite:763e6b3c65550bc547f5e97e92fffb2a4527672e}}. {{formula:59a336ba-7dff-4845-8579-af0445da1f55}}
r
bca2767020c7d4761206e5e8c1913947
Theorem 3.1 (Length distortion: Mean) Consider a ReLU network of depth {{formula:c57dd68a-7a19-4cb9-bae5-e8fc15608423}} , input dimension {{formula:57cc0e4e-4a78-4e0e-b5bb-54c39bdb9cf0}} , output dimension {{formula:23690649-6c03-4bd7-be3f-83ad96506a01}} , and hidden layer widths {{formula:3e5bac8a-e952-4558-badb-5895...
r
b2327e893e93c9c506c7a1974d689513
In order to verify that predictions made by our architecture are based on salient features relevant to the classification task, we utilize Class Activation Maps (CAM, {{cite:60b9bfc8afeff7e715a645a9ced6c508b8f64cf6}}). CAMs highlight the most important image areas in the model's classification process. Examples, shown ...
d
7288bcce3008d9a59110512df3fc397d
Attention mechanism has greatly advanced the representation learning, and the Transformer {{cite:cf11631a2c1ad98c62d01bfb6a2878a48193e21f}}, {{cite:583e94f47edb797fcf6f666d498c2df6b4a30abe}}, {{cite:3fbe60df268a129fdc59350b276f80f90cfb64b5}}, {{cite:a77454d57be3a95725eafb8b4072b268821bbcba}} built upon self-attention h...
m
06e38d02968eaa98e57b2b1add9cb63d
Several clean and faithful corpora are collected to tackle the challenges from data infidelity. TOTTO {{cite:0dde08822ea96bfd6f2144ecad7789c526eb4390}} is an open-domain faithful table-to-text dataset, where each sample includes a Wikipedia table with several highlighted cells and a description. To ensure that targets ...
m
82772501859b449189fafae11435240e
Base Models. We use two conventional conversation models, Seq2Seq and Transformer. We use the transformer as our base conversation model for all the following methods as it performs better than the seq2seq. Fine-tune. We fine-tune the transformer on the support set of the target speaker to obtain personalized models,...
m
5ddfe5e7948b38486bf56df31e7b0184
Our analysis resolves an apparent contradiction in research on outlets that share misinformation. If false stories and clickbait generate greater engagement simply because they are more attractive to readers, as some studies suggest {{cite:f27b810f7337a3a7c5a43e978e2d2865e6758d55}}, then there is no motivation for a ne...
d
880b7120857623b74789b485b810e3ab
In practice, however, due to the complexity and the slow generation of EMRI waveforms computed using BH perturbation theory, almost all parameter-estimation studies done so far made use of approximated – but fast to generate – waveforms {{cite:6e168dcc98cc3a28d4aa4f0812aa12c6906f25ee}}, {{cite:8b8a3ab014ca984bbe4fcbeea...
i
d1bfb17f3f4eb022808830cbb0d5ee87
This result exemplifies the widely known fact that multi-fluid systems are intrinsically non-adiabatic. While dissipative physics is a customary feature in modelling the dynamics of real fluids such aspects are not present in the standard cosmological model. However, the phenomenology associated to cosmological bulk vi...
i
88e83af4d44173f448dae32935ec1dc8
Concept-based methods aim to address interpretability in DNNs by extracting human-understandable concepts from a model's latent representations. Liu et al.{{cite:07a8efb007238079cb79eeae12ded09606b5121b}} propose a model distillation method based on unsupervised clustering that produces an Intrinsic (interpretable by d...
m
f401d7c4dfe61c047ee563e1361069b7
where the second equality holds because {{formula:a55e832b-e345-48b6-aa4e-c3020711afd0}} , and the third equality follows from the substitution {{formula:47830bae-e7e0-4033-ac5e-5ea2abbe02d0}} . We know from {{cite:f993d3ad017c9bebd32d2919877651ac88543224}} that the conjugate of the Burg entropy is given by {{formula:...
r
dce121ff2109e271a6cbef77a8f346f2
The equilibrium state of a beam in plasma is difficult even to characterize analytically {{cite:c2479bb4c46bc24b2e7c45249523bd86cb42ff21}}, let alone analytically examine its response to perturbations. So the only way to study beam resilience is through numerical simulations. For this, we use the quasistatic axisymmetr...
m
7c77e59b08ed59f03e2e018e9e5bd9a5
Finding the maximum clique is a NP-hard problem {{cite:ba9214719534a46c13d22eda9c101ee76fbe85a5}}. We ran the maximum clique algorithm {{cite:6b1d6f6637f1c41c5c35cc18db518ec9b3f7bf53}}, {{cite:2e0e1da543eb605f8297409b406649cc9a9a235e}}, {{cite:fbc4722f4a5aaee141a5a8167295d384ebee00b6}}, {{cite:f2aedef203ae248116b50aa02...
m
2cf9effb8332ad7afae6f411ec02a6e4
Using the fixed-point formulation of ADMM, (REF ) can be written as an unified {{formula:a2c67aaf-a7a5-4e62-ba29-59a107615ce2}} , let {{formula:2c50b410-266b-4f4a-b014-2a122ef47247}} , then {{formula:0841773c-8545-4d34-8596-d676c99dc2f5}} . We can obtain the convergence of (REF ), iff {{formula:b3f2852b-63b0-4b3c-bd73-...
m
e038669ac119c8a4dcbe074e047cfa28
The second ingredient entering our theory is the requirement that the degrees of freedom in phase space evolve in time satisfying the constraint determined by the constant thermodynamic temperature. The temperature control of the classical degrees of freedom is achieved in silico by means of the Nosé-Hoover chain algor...
i
9d0f66954d9e44f2651b4fc58f21f322