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What is column command
# column > Format `stdin` or a file into multiple columns. Columns are filled before > rows; the default separator is a whitespace. More information: > https://manned.org/column. * Format the output of a command for a 30 characters wide display: `printf "header1 header2\nbar foo\n" | column --output-width {{30}}` *...
What is seq command
# seq > Output a sequence of numbers to `stdout`. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/seq. * Sequence from 1 to 10: `seq 10` * Every 3rd number from 5 to 20: `seq 5 3 20` * Separate the output with a space instead of a newline: `seq -s " " 5 3 20` * Format output width to a minimum of 4 d...
What is fmt command
# fmt > Reformat a text file by joining its paragraphs and limiting the line width > to given number of characters (75 by default). More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/fmt. * Reformat a file: `fmt {{path/to/file}}` * Reformat a file producing output lines of (at most) `n` characters: `fmt -w ...
What is groups command
# groups > Print group memberships for a user. See also: `groupadd`, `groupdel`, > `groupmod`. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/groups. * Print group memberships for the current user: `groups` * Print group memberships for a list of users: `groups {{username1 username2 ...}}`
What is nm command
# nm > List symbol names in object files. More information: https://manned.org/nm. * List global (extern) functions in a file (prefixed with T): `nm -g {{path/to/file.o}}` * List only undefined symbols in a file: `nm -u {{path/to/file.o}}` * List all symbols, even debugging symbols: `nm -a {{path/to/file.o}}` *...
What is git-stage command
# git stage > Add file contents to the staging area. Synonym of `git add`. More > information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-stage. * Add a file to the index: `git stage {{path/to/file}}` * Add all files (tracked and untracked): `git stage -A` * Only add already tracked files: `git stage -u` * Also add ignored f...
What is dd command
# dd > Convert and copy a file. More information: https://keith.github.io/xcode- > man-pages/dd.1.html. * Make a bootable USB drive from an isohybrid file (such like `archlinux-xxx.iso`) and show the progress: `dd if={{path/to/file.iso}} of={{/dev/usb_device}} status=progress` * Clone a drive to another drive with ...
What is prlimit command
# prlimit > Get or set process resource soft and hard limits. Given a process ID and one > or more resources, prlimit tries to retrieve and/or modify the limits. More > information: https://manned.org/prlimit. * Display limit values for all current resources for the running parent process: `prlimit` * Display limit...
What is uniq command
# uniq > Output the unique lines from the given input or file. Since it does not > detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent, we need to sort them first. > More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/uniq. * Display each line once: `sort {{path/to/file}} | uniq` * Display only unique lines: `sort ...
What is git-remote command
# git remote > Manage set of tracked repositories ("remotes"). More information: > https://git-scm.com/docs/git-remote. * Show a list of existing remotes, their names and URL: `git remote -v` * Show information about a remote: `git remote show {{remote_name}}` * Add a remote: `git remote add {{remote_name}} {{rem...
What is systemd-path command
# systemd-path > List and query system and user paths. More information: > https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-path.html. * Display a list of known paths and their current values: `systemd-path` * Query the specified path and display its value: `systemd-path "{{path_name}}"` * Suffix printed ...
What is whatis command
# whatis > Tool that searches a set of database files containing short descriptions of > system commands for keywords. More information: > http://www.linfo.org/whatis.html. * Search for information about keyword: `whatis {{keyword}}` * Search for information about multiple keywords: `whatis {{keyword1}} {{keyword2}...
What is git-grep command
# git-grep > Find strings inside files anywhere in a repository's history. Accepts a lot > of the same flags as regular `grep`. More information: https://git- > scm.com/docs/git-grep. * Search for a string in tracked files: `git grep {{search_string}}` * Search for a string in files matching a pattern in tracked fi...
What is touch command
# touch > Create files and set access/modification times. More information: > https://manned.org/man/freebsd-13.1/touch. * Create specific files: `touch {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}` * Set the file [a]ccess or [m]odification times to the current one and don't [c]reate file if it doesn't exist: `touch -c -{{a...
What is vdir command
# vdir > List directory contents. Drop-in replacement for `ls -l`. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/vdir. * List files and directories in the current directory, one per line, with details: `vdir` * List with sizes displayed in human-readable units (KB, MB, GB): `vdir -h` * List including...
What is pmap command
# pmap > Report memory map of a process or processes. More information: > https://manned.org/pmap. * Print memory map for a specific process id (PID): `pmap {{pid}}` * Show the extended format: `pmap --extended {{pid}}` * Show the device format: `pmap --device {{pid}}` * Limit results to a memory address range ...
What is killall command
# killall > Send kill signal to all instances of a process by name (must be exact name). > All signals except SIGKILL and SIGSTOP can be intercepted by the process, > allowing a clean exit. More information: https://manned.org/killall. * Terminate a process using the default SIGTERM (terminate) signal: `killall {{pro...
What is who command
# who > Display who is logged in and related data (processes, boot time). More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/who. * Display the username, line, and time of all currently logged-in sessions: `who` * Display information only for the current terminal session: `who am i` * Display all availabl...
What is mesg command
# mesg > Check or set a terminal's ability to receive messages from other users, > usually from the write command. See also `write`. More information: > https://manned.org/mesg. * Check terminal's openness to write messages: `mesg` * Disable receiving messages from the write command: `mesg n` * Enable receiving m...
What is gcov command
# gcov > Code coverage analysis and profiling tool that discovers untested parts of a > program. Also displays a copy of source code annotated with execution > frequencies of code segments. More information: > https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Invoking-Gcov.html. * Generate a coverage report named `file.cpp.gcov`: `...
What is ltrace command
# ltrace > Display dynamic library calls of a process. More information: > https://manned.org/ltrace. * Print (trace) library calls of a program binary: `ltrace ./{{program}}` * Count library calls. Print a handy summary at the bottom: `ltrace -c {{path/to/program}}` * Trace calls to malloc and free, omit those d...
What is awk command
# awk > A versatile programming language for working on files. More information: > https://github.com/onetrueawk/awk. * Print the fifth column (a.k.a. field) in a space-separated file: `awk '{print $5}' {{path/to/file}}` * Print the second column of the lines containing "foo" in a space-separated file: `awk '/{{foo...
What is git-cherry-pick command
# git cherry-pick > Apply the changes introduced by existing commits to the current branch. To > apply changes to another branch, first use `git checkout` to switch to the > desired branch. More information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cherry-pick. * Apply a commit to the current branch: `git cherry-pick {{commit}}`...
What is login command
# login > Initiates a session for a user. More information: https://manned.org/login. * Log in as a user: `login {{user}}` * Log in as user without authentication if user is preauthenticated: `login -f {{user}}` * Log in as user and preserve environment: `login -p {{user}}` * Log in as a user on a remote host: ...
What is git-branch command
# git branch > Main Git command for working with branches. More information: https://git- > scm.com/docs/git-branch. * List all branches (local and remote; the current branch is highlighted by `*`): `git branch --all` * List which branches include a specific Git commit in their history: `git branch --all --contains...
What is base64 command
# base64 > Encode and decode using Base64 representation. More information: > https://www.unix.com/man-page/osx/1/base64/. * Encode a file: `base64 --input={{plain_file}}` * Decode a file: `base64 --decode --input={{base64_file}}` * Encode from `stdin`: `echo -n "{{plain_text}}" | base64` * Decode from `stdin`:...
What is ipcs command
# ipcs > Display information about resources used in IPC (Inter-process > Communication). More information: https://manned.org/ipcs. * Specific information about the Message Queue which has the ID 32768: `ipcs -qi 32768` * General information about all the IPC: `ipcs -a`
What is type command
# type > Display the type of command the shell will execute. More information: > https://manned.org/type. * Display the type of a command: `type {{command}}` * Display all locations containing the specified executable: `type -a {{command}}` * Display the name of the disk file that would be executed: `type -p {{co...
What is ul command
# ul > Performs the underlining of a text. Each character in a given string must be > underlined separately. More information: https://manned.org/ul. * Display the contents of the file with underlines where applicable: `ul {{file.txt}}` * Display the contents of the file with underlines made of dashes `-`: `ul -i {...
What is ldd command
# ldd > Display shared library dependencies of a binary. Do not use on an untrusted > binary, use objdump for that instead. More information: > https://manned.org/ldd. * Display shared library dependencies of a binary: `ldd {{path/to/binary}}` * Display all information about dependencies: `ldd --verbose {{path/to/b...
What is git-gc command
# git gc > Optimise the local repository by cleaning unnecessary files. More > information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-gc. * Optimise the repository: `git gc` * Aggressively optimise, takes more time: `git gc --aggressive` * Do not prune loose objects (prunes by default): `git gc --no-prune` * Suppress all ou...
What is git-diff command
# git diff > Show changes to tracked files. More information: https://git- > scm.com/docs/git-diff. * Show unstaged, uncommitted changes: `git diff` * Show all uncommitted changes (including staged ones): `git diff HEAD` * Show only staged (added, but not yet committed) changes: `git diff --staged` * Show chang...
What is unexpand command
# unexpand > Convert spaces to tabs. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/unexpand. * Convert blanks in each file to tabs, writing to `stdout`: `unexpand {{path/to/file}}` * Convert blanks to tabs, reading from `stdout`: `unexpand` * Convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks: `unexp...
What is unlink command
# unlink > Remove a link to a file from the filesystem. The file contents is lost if > the link is the last one to the file. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/unlink. * Remove the specified file if it is the last link: `unlink {{path/to/file}}`
What is ls command
# ls > List directory contents. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls. * List files one per line: `ls -1` * List all files, including hidden files: `ls -a` * List all files, with trailing `/` added to directory names: `ls -F` * Long format list (permissions, ownership, size, and modifica...
What is renice command
# renice > Alters the scheduling priority/niceness of one or more running processes. > Niceness values range from -20 (most favorable to the process) to 19 (least > favorable to the process). More information: https://manned.org/renice. * Change priority of a running process: `renice -n {{niceness_value}} -p {{pid}}`...
What is groups command
# groups > Print group memberships for a user. See also: `groupadd`, `groupdel`, > `groupmod`. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/groups. * Print group memberships for the current user: `groups` * Print group memberships for a list of users: `groups {{username1 username2 ...}}`
What is comm command
# comm > Select or reject lines common to two files. Both files must be sorted. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/comm. * Produce three tab-separated columns: lines only in first file, lines only in second file and common lines: `comm {{file1}} {{file2}}` * Print only lines common to both f...
What is iostat command
# iostat > Report statistics for devices and partitions. More information: > https://manned.org/iostat. * Display a report of CPU and disk statistics since system startup: `iostat` * Display a report of CPU and disk statistics with units converted to megabytes: `iostat -m` * Display CPU statistics: `iostat -c` ...
What is pathchk command
# pathchk > Check the validity and portability of one or more pathnames. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/pathchk. * Check pathnames for validity in the current system: `pathchk {{path1 path2 …}}` * Check pathnames for validity on a wider range of POSIX compliant systems: `pathchk -p {{pat...
What is git-tag command
# git tag > Create, list, delete or verify tags. A tag is a static reference to a > specific commit. More information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-tag. * List all tags: `git tag` * Create a tag with the given name pointing to the current commit: `git tag {{tag_name}}` * Create a tag with the given name pointing ...
What is last command
# last > View the last logged in users. More information: https://manned.org/last. * View last logins, their duration and other information as read from `/var/log/wtmp`: `last` * Specify how many of the last logins to show: `last -n {{login_count}}` * Print the full date and time for entries and then display the ...
What is git-fetch command
# git fetch > Download objects and refs from a remote repository. More information: > https://git-scm.com/docs/git-fetch. * Fetch the latest changes from the default remote upstream repository (if set): `git fetch` * Fetch new branches from a specific remote upstream repository: `git fetch {{remote_name}}` * Fetc...
What is xargs command
# xargs > Execute a command with piped arguments coming from another command, a file, > etc. The input is treated as a single block of text and split into separate > pieces on spaces, tabs, newlines and end-of-file. More information: > https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/xargs.html. * Run a com...
What is jobs command
# jobs > Display status of jobs in the current session. More information: > https://manned.org/jobs. * Show status of all jobs: `jobs` * Show status of a particular job: `jobs %{{job_id}}` * Show status and process IDs of all jobs: `jobs -l` * Show process IDs of all jobs: `jobs -p`
What is objdump command
# objdump > View information about object files. More information: > https://manned.org/objdump. * Display the file header information: `objdump -f {{binary}}` * Display the disassembled output of executable sections: `objdump -d {{binary}}` * Display the disassembled executable sections in intel syntax: `objdump...
What is git-worktree command
# git worktree > Manage multiple working trees attached to the same repository. More > information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-worktree. * Create a new directory with the specified branch checked out into it: `git worktree add {{path/to/directory}} {{branch}}` * Create a new directory with a new branch checked ou...
What is tee command
# tee > Read from `stdin` and write to `stdout` and files (or commands). More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/tee. * Copy `stdin` to each file, and also to `stdout`: `echo "example" | tee {{path/to/file}}` * Append to the given files, do not overwrite: `echo "example" | tee -a {{path/to/file}}...
What is git-cvsexportcommit command
# git cvsexportcommit > Export a single `Git` commit to a CVS checkout. More information: > https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cvsexportcommit. * Merge a specific patch into CVS: `git cvsexportcommit -v -c -w {{path/to/project_cvs_checkout}} {{commit_sha1}}`
What is sdiff command
# sdiff > Compare the differences between and optionally merge 2 files. More > information: https://manned.org/sdiff. * Compare 2 files: `sdiff {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}` * Compare 2 files, ignoring all tabs and whitespace: `sdiff -W {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}` * Compare 2 files, ignoring white...
What is dir command
# dir > List directory contents using one line per file, special characters are > represented by backslash escape sequences. Works as `ls -C --escape`. More > information: https://manned.org/dir. * List all files, including hidden files: `dir -all` * List files including their author (`-l` is required): `dir -l --a...
What is cd command
# cd > Change the current working directory. More information: > https://manned.org/cd. * Go to the specified directory: `cd {{path/to/directory}}` * Go up to the parent of the current directory: `cd ..` * Go to the home directory of the current user: `cd` * Go to the home directory of the specified user: `cd ~...
What is git-revert command
# git revert > Create new commits which reverse the effect of earlier ones. More > information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-revert. * Revert the most recent commit: `git revert {{HEAD}}` * Revert the 5th last commit: `git revert HEAD~{{4}}` * Revert a specific commit: `git revert {{0c01a9}}` * Revert multiple ...
What is pathchk command
# pathchk > Check the validity and portability of one or more pathnames. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/pathchk. * Check pathnames for validity in the current system: `pathchk {{path1 path2 …}}` * Check pathnames for validity on a wider range of POSIX compliant systems: `pathchk -p {{pat...
What is man command
# man > Format and display manual pages. More information: > https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/man.1.html. * Display the man page for a command: `man {{command}}` * Display the man page for a command from section 7: `man {{7}} {{command}}` * List all available sections for a command: `man -f {{command}}` ...
What is ps command
# ps > Information about running processes. More information: > https://www.unix.com/man-page/osx/1/ps/. * List all running processes: `ps aux` * List all running processes including the full command string: `ps auxww` * Search for a process that matches a string: `ps aux | grep {{string}}` * Get the parent PID...
What is git-ls-tree command
# git ls-tree > List the contents of a tree object. More information: https://git- > scm.com/docs/git-ls-tree. * List the contents of the tree on a branch: `git ls-tree {{branch_name}}` * List the contents of the tree on a commit, recursing into subtrees: `git ls-tree -r {{commit_hash}}` * List only the filenames...
What is ssh command
# ssh > Secure Shell is a protocol used to securely log onto remote systems. It can > be used for logging or executing commands on a remote server. More > information: https://man.openbsd.org/ssh. * Connect to a remote server: `ssh {{username}}@{{remote_host}}` * Connect to a remote server with a specific identity ...
What is set command
# set > Display, set or unset values of shell attributes and positional parameters. > More information: https://manned.org/set. * Display the names and values of shell variables: `set` * Mark variables that are modified or created for export: `set -a` * Notify of job termination immediately: `set -b` * Set vari...
What is cut command
# cut > Cut out fields from `stdin` or files. More information: > https://manned.org/man/freebsd-13.0/cut.1. * Print a specific character/field range of each line: `{{command}} | cut -{{c|f}} {{1|1,10|1-10|1-|-10}}` * Print a range of each line with a specific delimiter: `{{command}} | cut -d "{{,}}" -{{c}} {{1}}` ...
What is chfn command
# chfn > Update `finger` info for a user. More information: https://manned.org/chfn. * Update a user's "Name" field in the output of `finger`: `chfn -f {{new_display_name}} {{username}}` * Update a user's "Office Room Number" field for the output of `finger`: `chfn -o {{new_office_room_number}} {{username}}` * Up...
What is taskset command
# taskset > Get or set a process' CPU affinity or start a new process with a defined CPU > affinity. More information: https://manned.org/taskset. * Get a running process' CPU affinity by PID: `taskset --pid --cpu-list {{pid}}` * Set a running process' CPU affinity by PID: `taskset --pid --cpu-list {{cpu_id}} {{pid...
What is script command
# script > Make a typescript file of a terminal session. More information: > https://manned.org/script. * Start recording in file named "typescript": `script` * Stop recording: `exit` * Start recording in a given file: `script {{logfile.log}}` * Append to an existing file: `script -a {{logfile.log}}` * Execut...
What is chown command
# chown > Change user and group ownership of files and directories. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chown. * Change the owner user of a file/directory: `chown {{user}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}` * Change the owner user and group of a file/directory: `chown {{user}}:{{group}} {{path/to...
What is g++ command
# g++ > Compiles C++ source files. Part of GCC (GNU Compiler Collection). More > information: https://gcc.gnu.org. * Compile a source code file into an executable binary: `g++ {{path/to/source.cpp}} -o {{path/to/output_executable}}` * Display common warnings: `g++ {{path/to/source.cpp}} -Wall -o {{path/to/output_ex...
What is cp command
# cp > Copy files and directories. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cp. * Copy a file to another location: `cp {{path/to/source_file.ext}} {{path/to/target_file.ext}}` * Copy a file into another directory, keeping the filename: `cp {{path/to/source_file.ext}} {{path/to/target_parent_direct...
What is sar command
# sar > Monitor performance of various Linux subsystems. More information: > https://manned.org/sar. * Report I/O and transfer rate issued to physical devices, one per second (press CTRL+C to quit): `sar -b {{1}}` * Report a total of 10 network device statistics, one per 2 seconds: `sar -n DEV {{2}} {{10}}` * Rep...
What is rename command
# rename > Rename a file or group of files with a regular expression. More information: > https://www.manpagez.com/man/2/rename/. * Replace `from` with `to` in the filenames of the specified files: `rename 's/{{from}}/{{to}}/' {{*.txt}}`
What is strip command
# strip > Discard symbols from executables or object files. More information: > https://manned.org/strip. * Replace the input file with its stripped version: `strip {{path/to/file}}` * Strip symbols from a file, saving the output to a specific file: `strip {{path/to/input_file}} -o {{path/to/output_file}}` * Stri...
What is head command
# head > Output the first part of files. More information: > https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/head.1.html. * Output the first few lines of a file: `head --lines {{8}} {{path/to/file}}` * Output the first few bytes of a file: `head --bytes {{8}} {{path/to/file}}` * Output everything but the last few lines o...
What is wall command
# wall > Write a message on the terminals of users currently logged in. More > information: https://manned.org/wall. * Send a message: `wall {{message}}` * Send a message to users that belong to a specific group: `wall --group {{group_name}} {{message}}` * Send a message from a file: `wall {{file}}` * Send a me...
What is stat command
# stat > Display file status. More information: https://ss64.com/osx/stat.html. * Show file properties such as size, permissions, creation and access dates among others: `stat {{path/to/file}}` * Same as above but verbose (more similar to Linux's `stat`): `stat -x {{path/to/file}}` * Show only octal file permissi...
What is ar command
# ar > Create, modify, and extract from Unix archives. Typically used for static > libraries (`.a`) and Debian packages (`.deb`). See also: `tar`. More > information: https://manned.org/ar. * E[x]tract all members from an archive: `ar x {{path/to/file.a}}` * Lis[t] contents in a specific archive: `ar t {{path/to/fi...
What is git command
# git > Distributed version control system. Some subcommands such as `commit`, > `add`, `branch`, `checkout`, `push`, etc. have their own usage > documentation, accessible via `tldr git subcommand`. More information: > https://git-scm.com/. * Check the Git version: `git --version` * Show general help: `git --help` ...
What is printenv command
# printenv > Print values of all or specific environment variables. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/printenv. * Display key-value pairs of all environment variables: `printenv` * Display the value of a specific variable: `printenv {{HOME}}` * Display the value of a variable and end with...
What is chsh command
# chsh > Change user's login shell. More information: https://manned.org/chsh. * Set a specific login shell for the current user interactively: `chsh` * Set a specific login [s]hell for the current user: `chsh -s {{path/to/shell}}` * Set a login [s]hell for a specific user: `chsh -s {{path/to/shell}} {{username}}...
What is pax command
# pax > Archiving and copying utility. More information: https://manned.org/pax.1p. * List the contents of an archive: `pax -f {{archive.tar}}` * List the contents of a gzipped archive: `pax -zf {{archive.tar.gz}}` * Create an archive from files: `pax -wf {{target.tar}} {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}} {{path/...
What is git-replace command
# git replace > Create, list, and delete refs to replace objects. More information: > https://git-scm.com/docs/git-replace. * Replace any commit with a different one, leaving other commits unchanged: `git replace {{object}} {{replacement}}` * Delete existing replace refs for the given objects: `git replace --delete...
What is yes command
# yes > Output something repeatedly. This command is commonly used to answer yes to > every prompt by install commands (such as apt-get). More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/yes. * Repeatedly output "message": `yes {{message}}` * Repeatedly output "y": `yes` * Accept everything prompted by ...
What is mkdir command
# mkdir > Create directories and set their permissions. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/mkdir. * Create specific directories: `mkdir {{path/to/directory1 path/to/directory2 ...}}` * Create specific directories and their [p]arents if needed: `mkdir -p {{path/to/directory1 path/to/directory...
What is ipcrm command
# ipcrm > Delete IPC (Inter-process Communication) resources. More information: > https://manned.org/ipcrm. * Delete a shared memory segment by ID: `ipcrm --shmem-id {{shmem_id}}` * Delete a shared memory segment by key: `ipcrm --shmem-key {{shmem_key}}` * Delete an IPC queue by ID: `ipcrm --queue-id {{ipc_queue_...
What is chmod command
# chmod > Change the access permissions of a file or directory. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chmod. * Give the [u]ser who owns a file the right to e[x]ecute it: `chmod u+x {{path/to/file}}` * Give the [u]ser rights to [r]ead and [w]rite to a file/directory: `chmod u+rw {{path/to/file_o...
What is git-help command
# git help > Display help information about Git. More information: https://git- > scm.com/docs/git-help. * Display help about a specific Git subcommand: `git help {{subcommand}}` * Display help about a specific Git subcommand in a web browser: `git help --web {{subcommand}}` * Display a list of all available Git ...
What is sort command
# sort > Sort lines of text files. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/sort. * Sort a file in ascending order: `sort {{path/to/file}}` * Sort a file in descending order: `sort --reverse {{path/to/file}}` * Sort a file in case-insensitive way: `sort --ignore-case {{path/to/file}}` * Sort a...
What is md5sum command
# md5sum > Calculate MD5 cryptographic checksums. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/md5sum. * Calculate the MD5 checksum for one or more files: `md5sum {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}` * Calculate and save the list of MD5 checksums to a file: `md5sum {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}} ...
What is kill command
# kill > Sends a signal to a process, usually related to stopping the process. All > signals except for SIGKILL and SIGSTOP can be intercepted by the process to > perform a clean exit. More information: https://manned.org/kill. * Terminate a program using the default SIGTERM (terminate) signal: `kill {{process_id}}` ...
What is groff command
# groff > GNU replacement for the `troff` and `nroff` typesetting utilities. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/groff. * Format output for a PostScript printer, saving the output to a file: `groff {{path/to/input.roff}} > {{path/to/output.ps}}` * Render a man page using the ASCII output device, and di...
What is git-checkout-index command
# git checkout-index > Copy files from the index to the working tree. More information: > https://git-scm.com/docs/git-checkout-index. * Restore any files deleted since the last commit: `git checkout-index --all` * Restore any files deleted or changed since the last commit: `git checkout-index --all --force` * Re...
What is trace-cmd command
# trace-cmd > Utility to interact with the Ftrace Linux kernel internal tracer. This > utility only runs as root. More information: https://manned.org/trace-cmd. * Display the status of tracing system: `trace-cmd stat` * List available tracers: `trace-cmd list -t` * Start tracing with a specific plugin: `trace-cm...
What is umask command
# umask > Manage the read/write/execute permissions that are masked out (i.e. > restricted) for newly created files by the user. More information: > https://manned.org/umask. * Display the current mask in octal notation: `umask` * Display the current mask in symbolic (human-readable) mode: `umask -S` * Change the...
What is touch command
# touch > Create files and set access/modification times. More information: > https://manned.org/man/freebsd-13.1/touch. * Create specific files: `touch {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}` * Set the file [a]ccess or [m]odification times to the current one and don't [c]reate file if it doesn't exist: `touch -c -{{a...
What is echo command
# echo > Print given arguments. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/echo. * Print a text message. Note: quotes are optional: `echo "{{Hello World}}"` * Print a message with environment variables: `echo "{{My path is $PATH}}"` * Print a message without the trailing newline: `echo -n "{{Hello...
What is systemctl command
# systemctl > Control the systemd system and service manager. More information: > https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemctl.html. * Show all running services: `systemctl status` * List failed units: `systemctl --failed` * Start/Stop/Restart/Reload a service: `systemctl {{start|stop|restart|reload...
What is patch command
# patch > Patch a file (or files) with a diff file. Note that diff files should be > generated by the `diff` command. More information: https://manned.org/patch. * Apply a patch using a diff file (filenames must be included in the diff file): `patch < {{patch.diff}}` * Apply a patch to a specific file: `patch {{pat...
What is find command
# find > Find files or directories under the given directory tree, recursively. More > information: https://manned.org/find. * Find files by extension: `find {{root_path}} -name '{{*.ext}}'` * Find files matching multiple path/name patterns: `find {{root_path}} -path '{{**/path/**/*.ext}}' -or -name '{{*pattern*}}'...
What is expect command
# expect > Script executor that interacts with other programs that require user input. > More information: https://manned.org/expect. * Execute an expect script from a file: `expect {{path/to/file}}` * Execute a specified expect script: `expect -c "{{commands}}"` * Enter an interactive REPL (use `exit` or Ctrl + ...
What is du command
# du > Disk usage: estimate and summarize file and directory space usage. More > information: https://ss64.com/osx/du.html. * List the sizes of a directory and any subdirectories, in the given unit (KiB/MiB/GiB): `du -{{k|m|g}} {{path/to/directory}}` * List the sizes of a directory and any subdirectories, in human-...
What is fold command
# fold > Wrap each line in an input file to fit a specified width and print it to > `stdout`. More information: https://manned.org/fold.1p. * Wrap each line to default width (80 characters): `fold {{path/to/file}}` * Wrap each line to width "30": `fold -w30 {{path/to/file}}` * Wrap each line to width "5" and brea...
What is nohup command
# nohup > Allows for a process to live when the terminal gets killed. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/nohup. * Run a process that can live beyond the terminal: `nohup {{command}} {{argument1 argument2 ...}}` * Launch `nohup` in background mode: `nohup {{command}} {{argument1 argument2 ......
What is git-rm command
# git rm > Remove files from repository index and local filesystem. More information: > https://git-scm.com/docs/git-rm. * Remove file from repository index and filesystem: `git rm {{path/to/file}}` * Remove directory: `git rm -r {{path/to/directory}}` * Remove file from repository index but keep it untouched loc...