instruction stringlengths 17 36 | input stringclasses 1
value | output stringlengths 101 1.77k |
|---|---|---|
What is column command | # column
> Format `stdin` or a file into multiple columns. Columns are filled before
> rows; the default separator is a whitespace. More information:
> https://manned.org/column.
* Format the output of a command for a 30 characters wide display:
`printf "header1 header2\nbar foo\n" | column --output-width {{30}}`
*... | |
What is seq command | # seq
> Output a sequence of numbers to `stdout`. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/seq.
* Sequence from 1 to 10:
`seq 10`
* Every 3rd number from 5 to 20:
`seq 5 3 20`
* Separate the output with a space instead of a newline:
`seq -s " " 5 3 20`
* Format output width to a minimum of 4 d... | |
What is fmt command | # fmt
> Reformat a text file by joining its paragraphs and limiting the line width
> to given number of characters (75 by default). More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/fmt.
* Reformat a file:
`fmt {{path/to/file}}`
* Reformat a file producing output lines of (at most) `n` characters:
`fmt -w ... | |
What is groups command | # groups
> Print group memberships for a user. See also: `groupadd`, `groupdel`,
> `groupmod`. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/groups.
* Print group memberships for the current user:
`groups`
* Print group memberships for a list of users:
`groups {{username1 username2 ...}}` | |
What is nm command | # nm
> List symbol names in object files. More information: https://manned.org/nm.
* List global (extern) functions in a file (prefixed with T):
`nm -g {{path/to/file.o}}`
* List only undefined symbols in a file:
`nm -u {{path/to/file.o}}`
* List all symbols, even debugging symbols:
`nm -a {{path/to/file.o}}`
*... | |
What is git-stage command | # git stage
> Add file contents to the staging area. Synonym of `git add`. More
> information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-stage.
* Add a file to the index:
`git stage {{path/to/file}}`
* Add all files (tracked and untracked):
`git stage -A`
* Only add already tracked files:
`git stage -u`
* Also add ignored f... | |
What is dd command | # dd
> Convert and copy a file. More information: https://keith.github.io/xcode-
> man-pages/dd.1.html.
* Make a bootable USB drive from an isohybrid file (such like `archlinux-xxx.iso`) and show the progress:
`dd if={{path/to/file.iso}} of={{/dev/usb_device}} status=progress`
* Clone a drive to another drive with ... | |
What is prlimit command | # prlimit
> Get or set process resource soft and hard limits. Given a process ID and one
> or more resources, prlimit tries to retrieve and/or modify the limits. More
> information: https://manned.org/prlimit.
* Display limit values for all current resources for the running parent process:
`prlimit`
* Display limit... | |
What is uniq command | # uniq
> Output the unique lines from the given input or file. Since it does not
> detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent, we need to sort them first.
> More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/uniq.
* Display each line once:
`sort {{path/to/file}} | uniq`
* Display only unique lines:
`sort ... | |
What is git-remote command | # git remote
> Manage set of tracked repositories ("remotes"). More information:
> https://git-scm.com/docs/git-remote.
* Show a list of existing remotes, their names and URL:
`git remote -v`
* Show information about a remote:
`git remote show {{remote_name}}`
* Add a remote:
`git remote add {{remote_name}} {{rem... | |
What is systemd-path command | # systemd-path
> List and query system and user paths. More information:
> https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-path.html.
* Display a list of known paths and their current values:
`systemd-path`
* Query the specified path and display its value:
`systemd-path "{{path_name}}"`
* Suffix printed ... | |
What is whatis command | # whatis
> Tool that searches a set of database files containing short descriptions of
> system commands for keywords. More information:
> http://www.linfo.org/whatis.html.
* Search for information about keyword:
`whatis {{keyword}}`
* Search for information about multiple keywords:
`whatis {{keyword1}} {{keyword2}... | |
What is git-grep command | # git-grep
> Find strings inside files anywhere in a repository's history. Accepts a lot
> of the same flags as regular `grep`. More information: https://git-
> scm.com/docs/git-grep.
* Search for a string in tracked files:
`git grep {{search_string}}`
* Search for a string in files matching a pattern in tracked fi... | |
What is touch command | # touch
> Create files and set access/modification times. More information:
> https://manned.org/man/freebsd-13.1/touch.
* Create specific files:
`touch {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
* Set the file [a]ccess or [m]odification times to the current one and don't [c]reate file if it doesn't exist:
`touch -c -{{a... | |
What is vdir command | # vdir
> List directory contents. Drop-in replacement for `ls -l`. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/vdir.
* List files and directories in the current directory, one per line, with details:
`vdir`
* List with sizes displayed in human-readable units (KB, MB, GB):
`vdir -h`
* List including... | |
What is pmap command | # pmap
> Report memory map of a process or processes. More information:
> https://manned.org/pmap.
* Print memory map for a specific process id (PID):
`pmap {{pid}}`
* Show the extended format:
`pmap --extended {{pid}}`
* Show the device format:
`pmap --device {{pid}}`
* Limit results to a memory address range ... | |
What is killall command | # killall
> Send kill signal to all instances of a process by name (must be exact name).
> All signals except SIGKILL and SIGSTOP can be intercepted by the process,
> allowing a clean exit. More information: https://manned.org/killall.
* Terminate a process using the default SIGTERM (terminate) signal:
`killall {{pro... | |
What is who command | # who
> Display who is logged in and related data (processes, boot time). More
> information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/who.
* Display the username, line, and time of all currently logged-in sessions:
`who`
* Display information only for the current terminal session:
`who am i`
* Display all availabl... | |
What is mesg command | # mesg
> Check or set a terminal's ability to receive messages from other users,
> usually from the write command. See also `write`. More information:
> https://manned.org/mesg.
* Check terminal's openness to write messages:
`mesg`
* Disable receiving messages from the write command:
`mesg n`
* Enable receiving m... | |
What is gcov command | # gcov
> Code coverage analysis and profiling tool that discovers untested parts of a
> program. Also displays a copy of source code annotated with execution
> frequencies of code segments. More information:
> https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Invoking-Gcov.html.
* Generate a coverage report named `file.cpp.gcov`:
`... | |
What is ltrace command | # ltrace
> Display dynamic library calls of a process. More information:
> https://manned.org/ltrace.
* Print (trace) library calls of a program binary:
`ltrace ./{{program}}`
* Count library calls. Print a handy summary at the bottom:
`ltrace -c {{path/to/program}}`
* Trace calls to malloc and free, omit those d... | |
What is awk command | # awk
> A versatile programming language for working on files. More information:
> https://github.com/onetrueawk/awk.
* Print the fifth column (a.k.a. field) in a space-separated file:
`awk '{print $5}' {{path/to/file}}`
* Print the second column of the lines containing "foo" in a space-separated file:
`awk '/{{foo... | |
What is git-cherry-pick command | # git cherry-pick
> Apply the changes introduced by existing commits to the current branch. To
> apply changes to another branch, first use `git checkout` to switch to the
> desired branch. More information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cherry-pick.
* Apply a commit to the current branch:
`git cherry-pick {{commit}}`... | |
What is login command | # login
> Initiates a session for a user. More information: https://manned.org/login.
* Log in as a user:
`login {{user}}`
* Log in as user without authentication if user is preauthenticated:
`login -f {{user}}`
* Log in as user and preserve environment:
`login -p {{user}}`
* Log in as a user on a remote host:
... | |
What is git-branch command | # git branch
> Main Git command for working with branches. More information: https://git-
> scm.com/docs/git-branch.
* List all branches (local and remote; the current branch is highlighted by `*`):
`git branch --all`
* List which branches include a specific Git commit in their history:
`git branch --all --contains... | |
What is base64 command | # base64
> Encode and decode using Base64 representation. More information:
> https://www.unix.com/man-page/osx/1/base64/.
* Encode a file:
`base64 --input={{plain_file}}`
* Decode a file:
`base64 --decode --input={{base64_file}}`
* Encode from `stdin`:
`echo -n "{{plain_text}}" | base64`
* Decode from `stdin`:... | |
What is ipcs command | # ipcs
> Display information about resources used in IPC (Inter-process
> Communication). More information: https://manned.org/ipcs.
* Specific information about the Message Queue which has the ID 32768:
`ipcs -qi 32768`
* General information about all the IPC:
`ipcs -a` | |
What is type command | # type
> Display the type of command the shell will execute. More information:
> https://manned.org/type.
* Display the type of a command:
`type {{command}}`
* Display all locations containing the specified executable:
`type -a {{command}}`
* Display the name of the disk file that would be executed:
`type -p {{co... | |
What is ul command | # ul
> Performs the underlining of a text. Each character in a given string must be
> underlined separately. More information: https://manned.org/ul.
* Display the contents of the file with underlines where applicable:
`ul {{file.txt}}`
* Display the contents of the file with underlines made of dashes `-`:
`ul -i {... | |
What is ldd command | # ldd
> Display shared library dependencies of a binary. Do not use on an untrusted
> binary, use objdump for that instead. More information:
> https://manned.org/ldd.
* Display shared library dependencies of a binary:
`ldd {{path/to/binary}}`
* Display all information about dependencies:
`ldd --verbose {{path/to/b... | |
What is git-gc command | # git gc
> Optimise the local repository by cleaning unnecessary files. More
> information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-gc.
* Optimise the repository:
`git gc`
* Aggressively optimise, takes more time:
`git gc --aggressive`
* Do not prune loose objects (prunes by default):
`git gc --no-prune`
* Suppress all ou... | |
What is git-diff command | # git diff
> Show changes to tracked files. More information: https://git-
> scm.com/docs/git-diff.
* Show unstaged, uncommitted changes:
`git diff`
* Show all uncommitted changes (including staged ones):
`git diff HEAD`
* Show only staged (added, but not yet committed) changes:
`git diff --staged`
* Show chang... | |
What is unexpand command | # unexpand
> Convert spaces to tabs. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/unexpand.
* Convert blanks in each file to tabs, writing to `stdout`:
`unexpand {{path/to/file}}`
* Convert blanks to tabs, reading from `stdout`:
`unexpand`
* Convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks:
`unexp... | |
What is unlink command | # unlink
> Remove a link to a file from the filesystem. The file contents is lost if
> the link is the last one to the file. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/unlink.
* Remove the specified file if it is the last link:
`unlink {{path/to/file}}` | |
What is ls command | # ls
> List directory contents. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls.
* List files one per line:
`ls -1`
* List all files, including hidden files:
`ls -a`
* List all files, with trailing `/` added to directory names:
`ls -F`
* Long format list (permissions, ownership, size, and modifica... | |
What is renice command | # renice
> Alters the scheduling priority/niceness of one or more running processes.
> Niceness values range from -20 (most favorable to the process) to 19 (least
> favorable to the process). More information: https://manned.org/renice.
* Change priority of a running process:
`renice -n {{niceness_value}} -p {{pid}}`... | |
What is groups command | # groups
> Print group memberships for a user. See also: `groupadd`, `groupdel`,
> `groupmod`. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/groups.
* Print group memberships for the current user:
`groups`
* Print group memberships for a list of users:
`groups {{username1 username2 ...}}` | |
What is comm command | # comm
> Select or reject lines common to two files. Both files must be sorted. More
> information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/comm.
* Produce three tab-separated columns: lines only in first file, lines only in second file and common lines:
`comm {{file1}} {{file2}}`
* Print only lines common to both f... | |
What is iostat command | # iostat
> Report statistics for devices and partitions. More information:
> https://manned.org/iostat.
* Display a report of CPU and disk statistics since system startup:
`iostat`
* Display a report of CPU and disk statistics with units converted to megabytes:
`iostat -m`
* Display CPU statistics:
`iostat -c`
... | |
What is pathchk command | # pathchk
> Check the validity and portability of one or more pathnames. More
> information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/pathchk.
* Check pathnames for validity in the current system:
`pathchk {{path1 path2 …}}`
* Check pathnames for validity on a wider range of POSIX compliant systems:
`pathchk -p {{pat... | |
What is git-tag command | # git tag
> Create, list, delete or verify tags. A tag is a static reference to a
> specific commit. More information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-tag.
* List all tags:
`git tag`
* Create a tag with the given name pointing to the current commit:
`git tag {{tag_name}}`
* Create a tag with the given name pointing ... | |
What is last command | # last
> View the last logged in users. More information: https://manned.org/last.
* View last logins, their duration and other information as read from `/var/log/wtmp`:
`last`
* Specify how many of the last logins to show:
`last -n {{login_count}}`
* Print the full date and time for entries and then display the ... | |
What is git-fetch command | # git fetch
> Download objects and refs from a remote repository. More information:
> https://git-scm.com/docs/git-fetch.
* Fetch the latest changes from the default remote upstream repository (if set):
`git fetch`
* Fetch new branches from a specific remote upstream repository:
`git fetch {{remote_name}}`
* Fetc... | |
What is xargs command | # xargs
> Execute a command with piped arguments coming from another command, a file,
> etc. The input is treated as a single block of text and split into separate
> pieces on spaces, tabs, newlines and end-of-file. More information:
> https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/xargs.html.
* Run a com... | |
What is jobs command | # jobs
> Display status of jobs in the current session. More information:
> https://manned.org/jobs.
* Show status of all jobs:
`jobs`
* Show status of a particular job:
`jobs %{{job_id}}`
* Show status and process IDs of all jobs:
`jobs -l`
* Show process IDs of all jobs:
`jobs -p` | |
What is objdump command | # objdump
> View information about object files. More information:
> https://manned.org/objdump.
* Display the file header information:
`objdump -f {{binary}}`
* Display the disassembled output of executable sections:
`objdump -d {{binary}}`
* Display the disassembled executable sections in intel syntax:
`objdump... | |
What is git-worktree command | # git worktree
> Manage multiple working trees attached to the same repository. More
> information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-worktree.
* Create a new directory with the specified branch checked out into it:
`git worktree add {{path/to/directory}} {{branch}}`
* Create a new directory with a new branch checked ou... | |
What is tee command | # tee
> Read from `stdin` and write to `stdout` and files (or commands). More
> information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/tee.
* Copy `stdin` to each file, and also to `stdout`:
`echo "example" | tee {{path/to/file}}`
* Append to the given files, do not overwrite:
`echo "example" | tee -a {{path/to/file}}... | |
What is git-cvsexportcommit command | # git cvsexportcommit
> Export a single `Git` commit to a CVS checkout. More information:
> https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cvsexportcommit.
* Merge a specific patch into CVS:
`git cvsexportcommit -v -c -w {{path/to/project_cvs_checkout}}
{{commit_sha1}}` | |
What is sdiff command | # sdiff
> Compare the differences between and optionally merge 2 files. More
> information: https://manned.org/sdiff.
* Compare 2 files:
`sdiff {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}`
* Compare 2 files, ignoring all tabs and whitespace:
`sdiff -W {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}`
* Compare 2 files, ignoring white... | |
What is dir command | # dir
> List directory contents using one line per file, special characters are
> represented by backslash escape sequences. Works as `ls -C --escape`. More
> information: https://manned.org/dir.
* List all files, including hidden files:
`dir -all`
* List files including their author (`-l` is required):
`dir -l --a... | |
What is cd command | # cd
> Change the current working directory. More information:
> https://manned.org/cd.
* Go to the specified directory:
`cd {{path/to/directory}}`
* Go up to the parent of the current directory:
`cd ..`
* Go to the home directory of the current user:
`cd`
* Go to the home directory of the specified user:
`cd ~... | |
What is git-revert command | # git revert
> Create new commits which reverse the effect of earlier ones. More
> information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-revert.
* Revert the most recent commit:
`git revert {{HEAD}}`
* Revert the 5th last commit:
`git revert HEAD~{{4}}`
* Revert a specific commit:
`git revert {{0c01a9}}`
* Revert multiple ... | |
What is pathchk command | # pathchk
> Check the validity and portability of one or more pathnames. More
> information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/pathchk.
* Check pathnames for validity in the current system:
`pathchk {{path1 path2 …}}`
* Check pathnames for validity on a wider range of POSIX compliant systems:
`pathchk -p {{pat... | |
What is man command | # man
> Format and display manual pages. More information:
> https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/man.1.html.
* Display the man page for a command:
`man {{command}}`
* Display the man page for a command from section 7:
`man {{7}} {{command}}`
* List all available sections for a command:
`man -f {{command}}`
... | |
What is ps command | # ps
> Information about running processes. More information:
> https://www.unix.com/man-page/osx/1/ps/.
* List all running processes:
`ps aux`
* List all running processes including the full command string:
`ps auxww`
* Search for a process that matches a string:
`ps aux | grep {{string}}`
* Get the parent PID... | |
What is git-ls-tree command | # git ls-tree
> List the contents of a tree object. More information: https://git-
> scm.com/docs/git-ls-tree.
* List the contents of the tree on a branch:
`git ls-tree {{branch_name}}`
* List the contents of the tree on a commit, recursing into subtrees:
`git ls-tree -r {{commit_hash}}`
* List only the filenames... | |
What is ssh command | # ssh
> Secure Shell is a protocol used to securely log onto remote systems. It can
> be used for logging or executing commands on a remote server. More
> information: https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.
* Connect to a remote server:
`ssh {{username}}@{{remote_host}}`
* Connect to a remote server with a specific identity ... | |
What is set command | # set
> Display, set or unset values of shell attributes and positional parameters.
> More information: https://manned.org/set.
* Display the names and values of shell variables:
`set`
* Mark variables that are modified or created for export:
`set -a`
* Notify of job termination immediately:
`set -b`
* Set vari... | |
What is cut command | # cut
> Cut out fields from `stdin` or files. More information:
> https://manned.org/man/freebsd-13.0/cut.1.
* Print a specific character/field range of each line:
`{{command}} | cut -{{c|f}} {{1|1,10|1-10|1-|-10}}`
* Print a range of each line with a specific delimiter:
`{{command}} | cut -d "{{,}}" -{{c}} {{1}}`
... | |
What is chfn command | # chfn
> Update `finger` info for a user. More information: https://manned.org/chfn.
* Update a user's "Name" field in the output of `finger`:
`chfn -f {{new_display_name}} {{username}}`
* Update a user's "Office Room Number" field for the output of `finger`:
`chfn -o {{new_office_room_number}} {{username}}`
* Up... | |
What is taskset command | # taskset
> Get or set a process' CPU affinity or start a new process with a defined CPU
> affinity. More information: https://manned.org/taskset.
* Get a running process' CPU affinity by PID:
`taskset --pid --cpu-list {{pid}}`
* Set a running process' CPU affinity by PID:
`taskset --pid --cpu-list {{cpu_id}} {{pid... | |
What is script command | # script
> Make a typescript file of a terminal session. More information:
> https://manned.org/script.
* Start recording in file named "typescript":
`script`
* Stop recording:
`exit`
* Start recording in a given file:
`script {{logfile.log}}`
* Append to an existing file:
`script -a {{logfile.log}}`
* Execut... | |
What is chown command | # chown
> Change user and group ownership of files and directories. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chown.
* Change the owner user of a file/directory:
`chown {{user}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`
* Change the owner user and group of a file/directory:
`chown {{user}}:{{group}} {{path/to... | |
What is g++ command | # g++
> Compiles C++ source files. Part of GCC (GNU Compiler Collection). More
> information: https://gcc.gnu.org.
* Compile a source code file into an executable binary:
`g++ {{path/to/source.cpp}} -o {{path/to/output_executable}}`
* Display common warnings:
`g++ {{path/to/source.cpp}} -Wall -o {{path/to/output_ex... | |
What is cp command | # cp
> Copy files and directories. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cp.
* Copy a file to another location:
`cp {{path/to/source_file.ext}} {{path/to/target_file.ext}}`
* Copy a file into another directory, keeping the filename:
`cp {{path/to/source_file.ext}} {{path/to/target_parent_direct... | |
What is sar command | # sar
> Monitor performance of various Linux subsystems. More information:
> https://manned.org/sar.
* Report I/O and transfer rate issued to physical devices, one per second (press CTRL+C to quit):
`sar -b {{1}}`
* Report a total of 10 network device statistics, one per 2 seconds:
`sar -n DEV {{2}} {{10}}`
* Rep... | |
What is rename command | # rename
> Rename a file or group of files with a regular expression. More information:
> https://www.manpagez.com/man/2/rename/.
* Replace `from` with `to` in the filenames of the specified files:
`rename 's/{{from}}/{{to}}/' {{*.txt}}` | |
What is strip command | # strip
> Discard symbols from executables or object files. More information:
> https://manned.org/strip.
* Replace the input file with its stripped version:
`strip {{path/to/file}}`
* Strip symbols from a file, saving the output to a specific file:
`strip {{path/to/input_file}} -o {{path/to/output_file}}`
* Stri... | |
What is head command | # head
> Output the first part of files. More information:
> https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/head.1.html.
* Output the first few lines of a file:
`head --lines {{8}} {{path/to/file}}`
* Output the first few bytes of a file:
`head --bytes {{8}} {{path/to/file}}`
* Output everything but the last few lines o... | |
What is wall command | # wall
> Write a message on the terminals of users currently logged in. More
> information: https://manned.org/wall.
* Send a message:
`wall {{message}}`
* Send a message to users that belong to a specific group:
`wall --group {{group_name}} {{message}}`
* Send a message from a file:
`wall {{file}}`
* Send a me... | |
What is stat command | # stat
> Display file status. More information: https://ss64.com/osx/stat.html.
* Show file properties such as size, permissions, creation and access dates among others:
`stat {{path/to/file}}`
* Same as above but verbose (more similar to Linux's `stat`):
`stat -x {{path/to/file}}`
* Show only octal file permissi... | |
What is ar command | # ar
> Create, modify, and extract from Unix archives. Typically used for static
> libraries (`.a`) and Debian packages (`.deb`). See also: `tar`. More
> information: https://manned.org/ar.
* E[x]tract all members from an archive:
`ar x {{path/to/file.a}}`
* Lis[t] contents in a specific archive:
`ar t {{path/to/fi... | |
What is git command | # git
> Distributed version control system. Some subcommands such as `commit`,
> `add`, `branch`, `checkout`, `push`, etc. have their own usage
> documentation, accessible via `tldr git subcommand`. More information:
> https://git-scm.com/.
* Check the Git version:
`git --version`
* Show general help:
`git --help`
... | |
What is printenv command | # printenv
> Print values of all or specific environment variables. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/printenv.
* Display key-value pairs of all environment variables:
`printenv`
* Display the value of a specific variable:
`printenv {{HOME}}`
* Display the value of a variable and end with... | |
What is chsh command | # chsh
> Change user's login shell. More information: https://manned.org/chsh.
* Set a specific login shell for the current user interactively:
`chsh`
* Set a specific login [s]hell for the current user:
`chsh -s {{path/to/shell}}`
* Set a login [s]hell for a specific user:
`chsh -s {{path/to/shell}} {{username}}... | |
What is pax command | # pax
> Archiving and copying utility. More information: https://manned.org/pax.1p.
* List the contents of an archive:
`pax -f {{archive.tar}}`
* List the contents of a gzipped archive:
`pax -zf {{archive.tar.gz}}`
* Create an archive from files:
`pax -wf {{target.tar}} {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}} {{path/... | |
What is git-replace command | # git replace
> Create, list, and delete refs to replace objects. More information:
> https://git-scm.com/docs/git-replace.
* Replace any commit with a different one, leaving other commits unchanged:
`git replace {{object}} {{replacement}}`
* Delete existing replace refs for the given objects:
`git replace --delete... | |
What is yes command | # yes
> Output something repeatedly. This command is commonly used to answer yes to
> every prompt by install commands (such as apt-get). More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/yes.
* Repeatedly output "message":
`yes {{message}}`
* Repeatedly output "y":
`yes`
* Accept everything prompted by ... | |
What is mkdir command | # mkdir
> Create directories and set their permissions. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/mkdir.
* Create specific directories:
`mkdir {{path/to/directory1 path/to/directory2 ...}}`
* Create specific directories and their [p]arents if needed:
`mkdir -p {{path/to/directory1 path/to/directory... | |
What is ipcrm command | # ipcrm
> Delete IPC (Inter-process Communication) resources. More information:
> https://manned.org/ipcrm.
* Delete a shared memory segment by ID:
`ipcrm --shmem-id {{shmem_id}}`
* Delete a shared memory segment by key:
`ipcrm --shmem-key {{shmem_key}}`
* Delete an IPC queue by ID:
`ipcrm --queue-id {{ipc_queue_... | |
What is chmod command | # chmod
> Change the access permissions of a file or directory. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chmod.
* Give the [u]ser who owns a file the right to e[x]ecute it:
`chmod u+x {{path/to/file}}`
* Give the [u]ser rights to [r]ead and [w]rite to a file/directory:
`chmod u+rw {{path/to/file_o... | |
What is git-help command | # git help
> Display help information about Git. More information: https://git-
> scm.com/docs/git-help.
* Display help about a specific Git subcommand:
`git help {{subcommand}}`
* Display help about a specific Git subcommand in a web browser:
`git help --web {{subcommand}}`
* Display a list of all available Git ... | |
What is sort command | # sort
> Sort lines of text files. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/sort.
* Sort a file in ascending order:
`sort {{path/to/file}}`
* Sort a file in descending order:
`sort --reverse {{path/to/file}}`
* Sort a file in case-insensitive way:
`sort --ignore-case {{path/to/file}}`
* Sort a... | |
What is md5sum command | # md5sum
> Calculate MD5 cryptographic checksums. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/md5sum.
* Calculate the MD5 checksum for one or more files:
`md5sum {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
* Calculate and save the list of MD5 checksums to a file:
`md5sum {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}} ... | |
What is kill command | # kill
> Sends a signal to a process, usually related to stopping the process. All
> signals except for SIGKILL and SIGSTOP can be intercepted by the process to
> perform a clean exit. More information: https://manned.org/kill.
* Terminate a program using the default SIGTERM (terminate) signal:
`kill {{process_id}}`
... | |
What is groff command | # groff
> GNU replacement for the `troff` and `nroff` typesetting utilities. More
> information: https://www.gnu.org/software/groff.
* Format output for a PostScript printer, saving the output to a file:
`groff {{path/to/input.roff}} > {{path/to/output.ps}}`
* Render a man page using the ASCII output device, and di... | |
What is git-checkout-index command | # git checkout-index
> Copy files from the index to the working tree. More information:
> https://git-scm.com/docs/git-checkout-index.
* Restore any files deleted since the last commit:
`git checkout-index --all`
* Restore any files deleted or changed since the last commit:
`git checkout-index --all --force`
* Re... | |
What is trace-cmd command | # trace-cmd
> Utility to interact with the Ftrace Linux kernel internal tracer. This
> utility only runs as root. More information: https://manned.org/trace-cmd.
* Display the status of tracing system:
`trace-cmd stat`
* List available tracers:
`trace-cmd list -t`
* Start tracing with a specific plugin:
`trace-cm... | |
What is umask command | # umask
> Manage the read/write/execute permissions that are masked out (i.e.
> restricted) for newly created files by the user. More information:
> https://manned.org/umask.
* Display the current mask in octal notation:
`umask`
* Display the current mask in symbolic (human-readable) mode:
`umask -S`
* Change the... | |
What is touch command | # touch
> Create files and set access/modification times. More information:
> https://manned.org/man/freebsd-13.1/touch.
* Create specific files:
`touch {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
* Set the file [a]ccess or [m]odification times to the current one and don't [c]reate file if it doesn't exist:
`touch -c -{{a... | |
What is echo command | # echo
> Print given arguments. More information:
> https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/echo.
* Print a text message. Note: quotes are optional:
`echo "{{Hello World}}"`
* Print a message with environment variables:
`echo "{{My path is $PATH}}"`
* Print a message without the trailing newline:
`echo -n "{{Hello... | |
What is systemctl command | # systemctl
> Control the systemd system and service manager. More information:
> https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemctl.html.
* Show all running services:
`systemctl status`
* List failed units:
`systemctl --failed`
* Start/Stop/Restart/Reload a service:
`systemctl {{start|stop|restart|reload... | |
What is patch command | # patch
> Patch a file (or files) with a diff file. Note that diff files should be
> generated by the `diff` command. More information: https://manned.org/patch.
* Apply a patch using a diff file (filenames must be included in the diff file):
`patch < {{patch.diff}}`
* Apply a patch to a specific file:
`patch {{pat... | |
What is find command | # find
> Find files or directories under the given directory tree, recursively. More
> information: https://manned.org/find.
* Find files by extension:
`find {{root_path}} -name '{{*.ext}}'`
* Find files matching multiple path/name patterns:
`find {{root_path}} -path '{{**/path/**/*.ext}}' -or -name '{{*pattern*}}'... | |
What is expect command | # expect
> Script executor that interacts with other programs that require user input.
> More information: https://manned.org/expect.
* Execute an expect script from a file:
`expect {{path/to/file}}`
* Execute a specified expect script:
`expect -c "{{commands}}"`
* Enter an interactive REPL (use `exit` or Ctrl + ... | |
What is du command | # du
> Disk usage: estimate and summarize file and directory space usage. More
> information: https://ss64.com/osx/du.html.
* List the sizes of a directory and any subdirectories, in the given unit (KiB/MiB/GiB):
`du -{{k|m|g}} {{path/to/directory}}`
* List the sizes of a directory and any subdirectories, in human-... | |
What is fold command | # fold
> Wrap each line in an input file to fit a specified width and print it to
> `stdout`. More information: https://manned.org/fold.1p.
* Wrap each line to default width (80 characters):
`fold {{path/to/file}}`
* Wrap each line to width "30":
`fold -w30 {{path/to/file}}`
* Wrap each line to width "5" and brea... | |
What is nohup command | # nohup
> Allows for a process to live when the terminal gets killed. More
> information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/nohup.
* Run a process that can live beyond the terminal:
`nohup {{command}} {{argument1 argument2 ...}}`
* Launch `nohup` in background mode:
`nohup {{command}} {{argument1 argument2 ...... | |
What is git-rm command | # git rm
> Remove files from repository index and local filesystem. More information:
> https://git-scm.com/docs/git-rm.
* Remove file from repository index and filesystem:
`git rm {{path/to/file}}`
* Remove directory:
`git rm -r {{path/to/directory}}`
* Remove file from repository index but keep it untouched loc... |
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