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48a22df7344d0edab73b0c1c78d26849
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_8
If the radius of a circle is increased $100\%$ , the area is increased: $\textbf{(A)}\ 100\%\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 200\%\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 300\%\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 400\%\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{By none of these}$
Increasing by $100\%$ is the same as doubling the radius. If we let $r$ be the radius of the old circle, then the radius of the new circle is $2r.$ Since the area of the circle is given by the formula $\pi r^2,$ the area of the new circle is $\pi (2r)^2 = 4\pi r^2.$ The area is quadrupled, or increased by $\boxed{300}$
C
300
bab24288566c327e0ab1154aa5d9f923
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_9
The area of the largest triangle that can be inscribed in a semi-circle whose radius is $r$ is: $\textbf{(A)}\ r^{2}\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ r^{3}\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 2r^{2}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 2r^{3}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{1}{2}r^{2}$
The area of a triangle is $\frac12 bh.$ To maximize the base, let it be equal to the diameter of the semi circle, which is equal to $2r.$ To maximize the height, or altitude, choose the point directly in the middle of the arc connecting the endpoints of the diameter. It is equal to $r.$ Therefore the area is $\frac12 \...
A
2
81be900c6c9c29a8647ad9b2fbd94a91
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_16
The number of terms in the expansion of $[(a+3b)^{2}(a-3b)^{2}]^{2}$ when simplified is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 4\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 5\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 6\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 7\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 8$
Use properties of exponents to move the squares outside the brackets use difference of squares. \[[(a+3b)(a-3b)]^4 = (a^2-9b^2)^4\] Using the binomial theorem, we can see that the number of terms is $\boxed{5}$
B
5
97e603f0b9a637b72c5b661d2693bbcd
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_18
Of the following (1) $a(x-y)=ax-ay$ (2) $a^{x-y}=a^x-a^y$ (3) $\log (x-y)=\log x-\log y$ (4) $\frac{\log x}{\log y}=\log{x}-\log{y}$ (5) $a(xy)=ax \cdot ay$ $\textbf{(A)}\text{Only 1 and 4 are true}\qquad\\\textbf{(B)}\ \text{Only 1 and 5 are true}\qquad\\\textbf{(C)}\ \text{Only 1 and 3 are true}\qquad\\\textbf{(D)}\ ...
The distributive property doesn't apply to logarithms or in the ways illustrated, and only applies to addition and subtraction. Also, $a^{x-y} = \frac{a^x}{a^y}$ , so $\boxed{1}$
E
1
1593d8af2008d5782cf0f6c75a39905e
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_20
When $x^{13}+1$ is divided by $x-1$ , the remainder is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 1\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ -1\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 0\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 2\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{None of these answers}$
Using synthetic division, we get that the remainder is $\boxed{2}$
D
2
1593d8af2008d5782cf0f6c75a39905e
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_20
When $x^{13}+1$ is divided by $x-1$ , the remainder is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 1\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ -1\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 0\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 2\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{None of these answers}$
By the remainder theorem, the remainder is equal to the expression $x^{13}+1$ when $x=1.$ This gives the answer of $\boxed{2.}$
D
2.
1593d8af2008d5782cf0f6c75a39905e
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_20
When $x^{13}+1$ is divided by $x-1$ , the remainder is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 1\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ -1\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 0\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 2\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{None of these answers}$
Note that $x^{13} - 1 = (x - 1)(x^{12} + x^{11} \cdots + 1)$ , so $x^{13} - 1$ is divisible by $x-1$ , meaning $(x^{13} - 1) + 2$ leaves a remainder of $\boxed{2.}$
D
2.
cc5521e4762c2a50f82e6ef088e90849
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_21
The volume of a rectangular solid each of whose side, front, and bottom faces are $12\text{ in}^{2}$ $8\text{ in}^{2}$ , and $6\text{ in}^{2}$ respectively is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 576\text{ in}^{3}\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 24\text{ in}^{3}\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 9\text{ in}^{3}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 104\text{ in}^{3}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ ...
If the sidelengths of the cubes are expressed as $a, b,$ and $c,$ then we can write three equations: \[ab=12, bc=8, ac=6.\] The volume is $abc.$ Notice symmetry in the equations. We can find $abc$ my multiplying all the equations and taking the positive square root. \begin{align*} (ab)(bc)(ac) &= (12)(8)(6)\\ a^2b^2c^2...
B
24
5f22b1079465e17c89abf6fd894c88f6
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_22
Successive discounts of $10\%$ and $20\%$ are equivalent to a single discount of: $\textbf{(A)}\ 30\%\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 15\%\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 72\%\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 28\%\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{None of these}$
Without loss of generality, assume something costs $100$ dollars. Then with each successive discount, it would cost $90$ dollars, then $72$ dollars. This amounts to a total of $28$ dollars off, so the single discount would be $\boxed{28}$
D
28
15cba6f5de754971777da9e876c0222b
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_23
A man buys a house for $10,000 and rents it. He puts $12\frac{1}{2}\%$ of each month's rent aside for repairs and upkeep; pays $325 a year taxes and realizes $5\frac{1}{2}\%$ on his investment. The monthly rent (in dollars) is: $\textbf{(A)} \ \ 64.82\qquad\textbf{(B)} \ \ 83.33\qquad\textbf{(C)} \ \ 72.08\qquad\textb...
$12\frac{1}{2}\%$ is the same as $\frac{1}{8}$ , so the man sets one eighth of each month's rent aside, so he only gains $\frac{7}{8}$ of his rent. He also pays $325 each year, and he realizes $5.5\%$ , or $550, on his investment. Therefore he must have collected a total of $325 +$550 = $875 in rent. This was for the w...
B
83.33
78a66efd519363e3ceadc13a0fd88533
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_24
The equation $x + \sqrt{x-2} = 4$ has: $\textbf{(A)}\ 2\text{ real roots }\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 1\text{ real and}\ 1\text{ imaginary root}\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 2\text{ imaginary roots}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \text{ no roots}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 1\text{ real root}$
$x + \sqrt{x-2} = 4$ Original Equation $\sqrt{x-2} = 4 - x$ Subtract x from both sides $x-2 = 16 - 8x + x^2$ Square both sides $x^2 - 9x + 18 = 0$ Get all terms on one side $(x-6)(x-3) = 0$ Factor $x = \{6, 3\}$ If you put down A as your answer, it's wrong. You need to check for extraneous roots. $6 + \sqrt{6 - 2} = 6 ...
E
1
78a66efd519363e3ceadc13a0fd88533
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_24
The equation $x + \sqrt{x-2} = 4$ has: $\textbf{(A)}\ 2\text{ real roots }\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 1\text{ real and}\ 1\text{ imaginary root}\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 2\text{ imaginary roots}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \text{ no roots}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 1\text{ real root}$
We can create symmetry in the equation: \[x+\sqrt{x-2} = 4\] \[x-2+\sqrt{x-2} = 2.\] Let $y = \sqrt{x-2}$ , then we have \[y^2+y-2 = 0\] \[(y+2)(y-1) = 0\] The two roots are $\sqrt{x-2} = -2, 1$ Notice, that the first root is extraneous as the range for the square root function is always the non-negative numbers (remem...
E
1
b783b3a52ff9a4137359a82df06e9845
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_25
The value of $\log_{5}\frac{(125)(625)}{25}$ is equal to: $\textbf{(A)}\ 725\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 6\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 3125\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 5\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{None of these}$
$\log_{5}\frac{(125)(625)}{25}$ can be simplified to $\log_{5}\ (125)(25)$ since $25^2 = 625$ $125 = 5^3$ and $5^2 = 25$ so $\log_{5}\ 5^5$ would be the simplest form. In $\log_{5}\ 5^5$ $5^x = 5^5$ . Therefore, $x = 5$ and the answer is $\boxed{5}$
D
5
b783b3a52ff9a4137359a82df06e9845
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_25
The value of $\log_{5}\frac{(125)(625)}{25}$ is equal to: $\textbf{(A)}\ 725\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 6\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 3125\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 5\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{None of these}$
$\log_{5}\frac{(125)(625)}{25}$ can be also represented as $\log_{5}\frac{(5^3)(5^4)}{5^2}= \log_{5}\frac{(5^7)}{5^2}= \log_{5} 5^5$ which can be solved to get $\boxed{5}$
D
5
367ee23bcd67eaf2f0f2db1b666d64b5
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_26
If $\log_{10}{m}= b-\log_{10}{n}$ , then $m=$ $\textbf{(A)}\ \frac{b}{n}\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ bn\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 10^{b}n\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ b-10^{n}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{10^{b}}{n}$
We have $b=\log_{10}{10^b}$ . Substituting, we find $\log_{10}{m}= \log_{10}{10^b}-\log_{10}{n}$ . Using $\log{a}-\log{b}=\log{\dfrac{a}{b}}$ , the left side becomes $\log_{10}{\dfrac{10^b}{n}}$ . Because $\log_{10}{m}=\log_{10}{\dfrac{10^b}{n}}$ $m=\boxed{10}$
E
10
367ee23bcd67eaf2f0f2db1b666d64b5
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_26
If $\log_{10}{m}= b-\log_{10}{n}$ , then $m=$ $\textbf{(A)}\ \frac{b}{n}\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ bn\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 10^{b}n\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ b-10^{n}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{10^{b}}{n}$
adding $\log_{10} n$ to both sides: \[\log_{10} m + \log_{10} n=b\] using the logarithm property: $\log_a {b} + \log_a {c}=\log_a{bc}$ \[\log_{10} {mn}=b\] rewriting in exponential notation: \[10^b=mn\] \[m=\boxed{10}\] ~Vndom
E
10
7e95454dc1fc51d206821c757babb9c7
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_27
A car travels $120$ miles from $A$ to $B$ at $30$ miles per hour but returns the same distance at $40$ miles per hour. The average speed for the round trip is closest to: $\textbf{(A)}\ 33\text{ mph}\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 34\text{ mph}\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 35\text{ mph}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 36\text{ mph}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 37...
The car takes $120 \text{ miles }\cdot\dfrac{1 \text{ hr }}{30 \text{ miles }}=4 \text{ hr}$ to get from $A$ to $B$ . Also, it takes $120 \text{ miles }\cdot\dfrac{1 \text{ hr }}{40 \text{ miles }}=3 \text{ hr}$ to get from $B$ to $A$ . Therefore, the average speed is $\dfrac{240\text{ miles }}{7 \text{ hr}}=34\dfrac{2...
B
34
6b8497181c28b13d625df7adeff4a048
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_28
Two boys $A$ and $B$ start at the same time to ride from Port Jervis to Poughkeepsie, $60$ miles away. $A$ travels $4$ miles an hour slower than $B$ $B$ reaches Poughkeepsie and at once turns back meeting $A$ $12$ miles from Poughkeepsie. The rate of $A$ was: $\textbf{(A)}\ 4\text{ mph}\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 8\text{ mph}...
Let the speed of boy $A$ be $a$ , and the speed of boy $B$ be $b$ . Notice that $A$ travels $4$ miles per hour slower than boy $B$ , so we can replace $b$ with $a+4$ Now let us see the distances that the boys each travel. Boy $A$ travels $60-12=48$ miles, and boy $B$ travels $60+12=72$ miles. Now, we can use $d=rt$ to ...
B
8
e33582148f9921d5e7bce3838ab5ab9e
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_30
From a group of boys and girls, $15$ girls leave. There are then left two boys for each girl. After this $45$ boys leave. There are then $5$ girls for each boy. The number of girls in the beginning was: $\textbf{(A)}\ 40 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 43 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 29 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 50 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \text{...
Let us represent the number of boys $b$ , and the number of girls $g$ From the first sentence, we get that $2(g-15)=b$ From the second sentence, we get $5(b-45)=g-15$ Expanding both equations and simplifying, we get $2g-30 = b$ and $5b = g+210$ Substituting $b$ for $2g-30$ , we get $5(2g-30)=g+210$ . Solving for $g$ , ...
A
40
bcd47560365e468133a540eb0e79784b
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_32
$25$ foot ladder is placed against a vertical wall of a building. The foot of the ladder is $7$ feet from the base of the building. If the top of the ladder slips $4$ feet, then the foot of the ladder will slide: $\textbf{(A)}\ 9\text{ ft} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 15\text{ ft} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 5\text{ ft} \qquad \textb...
By the Pythagorean triple $(7,24,25)$ , the point where the ladder meets the wall is $24$ feet above the ground. When the ladder slides, it becomes $20$ feet above the ground. By the $(15,20,25)$ Pythagorean triple, The foot of the ladder is now $15$ feet from the building. Thus, it slides $15-7 = \boxed{8}$
D
8
bcd47560365e468133a540eb0e79784b
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_32
$25$ foot ladder is placed against a vertical wall of a building. The foot of the ladder is $7$ feet from the base of the building. If the top of the ladder slips $4$ feet, then the foot of the ladder will slide: $\textbf{(A)}\ 9\text{ ft} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 15\text{ ft} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 5\text{ ft} \qquad \textb...
We can observe that the above setup forms a right angled triangles whose base is 7ft and whose hypotenuse is 25ft taking the height to be x ft. \[x^2 + 7^2 = 25^2\] \[x^2 = 625 - 49\] \[x^2 = 576\] \[x = 24\] Since the top of the ladder slipped by 4 ft the new height is $24 - 4 = 20 ft$ . The base of the ladder has mov...
D
8
2403f18fe6adb2ad7dd64fcbe0f7c1d6
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_33
The number of circular pipes with an inside diameter of $1$ inch which will carry the same amount of water as a pipe with an inside diameter of $6$ inches is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 6\pi \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 6 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 12 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 36 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 36\pi$
It must be assumed that the pipes have an equal height. We can represent the amount of water carried per unit time by cross sectional area. Cross sectional of Pipe with diameter $6 in$ \[\pi r^2 = \pi \cdot 3^2 = 9\pi\] Cross sectional area of pipe with diameter $1 in$ \[\pi r^2 = \pi \cdot 0.5 \cdot 0.5 = \frac{\pi}{4...
D
36
4eafea8883767b672c63c70b8a6fd8b0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_35
In triangle $ABC$ $AC=24$ inches, $BC=10$ inches, $AB=26$ inches. The radius of the inscribed circle is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 26\text{ in} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 4\text{ in} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 13\text{ in} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 8\text{ in} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \text{None of these}$
The inradius is equal to the area divided by semiperimeter. The area is $\frac{(10)(24)}{2} = 120$ because it's a right triangle, as it's side length satisfies the Pythagorean Theorem. The semiperimeter is $30$ . Therefore the inradius is $\boxed{4}$
B
4
4eafea8883767b672c63c70b8a6fd8b0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_35
In triangle $ABC$ $AC=24$ inches, $BC=10$ inches, $AB=26$ inches. The radius of the inscribed circle is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 26\text{ in} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 4\text{ in} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 13\text{ in} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 8\text{ in} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \text{None of these}$
Since this is a right triangle, we have \[\frac{a+b-c}{2}=\boxed{4}\]
null
4
72bae22d13b2c82284fa2e47ce9e654e
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_36
A merchant buys goods at $25\%$ off the list price. He desires to mark the goods so that he can give a discount of $20\%$ on the marked price and still clear a profit of $25\%$ on the selling price. What percent of the list price must he mark the goods? $\textbf{(A)}\ 125\% \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 100\% \qquad \textbf{(C)...
Without loss of generality, we can set the list price equal to $100$ . The merchant buys the goods for $100*.75=75$ . Let $x$ be the marked price. We then use the equation $0.8x-75=25$ to solve for $x$ and get a marked price of $\boxed{125}$
null
125
6dbba58c38cdfe2363eea836904d69a1
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_38
If the expression $\begin{pmatrix}a & c\\ d & b\end{pmatrix}$ has the value $ab-cd$ for all values of $a, b, c$ and $d$ , then the equation $\begin{pmatrix}2x & 1\\ x & x\end{pmatrix}= 3$ $\textbf{(A)}\ \text{Is satisfied for only 1 value of }x\qquad\\ \textbf{(B)}\ \text{Is satisified for only 2 values of }x\qquad\\ \...
By $\begin{pmatrix}a & c\\ d & b\end{pmatrix}=ab-cd$ , we have $2x^2-x=3$ . Subtracting $3$ from both sides, giving $2x^2-x-3=0$ . This factors to $(2x-3)(x+1)=0$ . Thus, $x=\dfrac{3}{2},-1$ , so the equation is $\boxed{2}$
B
2
baa96ad69c523059b0a7eb9e75654ed2
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_40
The limit of $\frac {x^2-1}{x-1}$ as $x$ approaches $1$ as a limit is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \text{Indeterminate} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ x-1 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 2 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 1$
Both $x^2-1$ and $x-1$ approach 0 as $x$ approaches $1$ , using the L'Hôpital's rule, we have $\lim \limits_{x\to 1}\frac{x^2-1}{x-1} = \lim \limits_{x\to 1}\frac{2x}{1} = 2$ . Thus, the answer is $\boxed{2}$
D
2
baa96ad69c523059b0a7eb9e75654ed2
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_40
The limit of $\frac {x^2-1}{x-1}$ as $x$ approaches $1$ as a limit is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \text{Indeterminate} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ x-1 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 2 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 1$
The numerator of $\frac {x^2-1}{x-1}$ can be factored as $(x+1)(x-1)$ . The $x-1$ terms in the numerator and denominator cancel, so the expression is equal to $x+1$ so long as $x$ does not equal $1$ . Looking at the function's behavior near 1, we see that as $x$ approaches one, the expression approaches $\boxed{2}$
D
2
a3ca15d83e3806c6c621114b3714a4e5
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_45
The number of diagonals that can be drawn in a polygon of 100 sides is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 4850 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 4950\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 9900 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 98 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 8800$
Each diagonal has its two endpoints as vertices of the 100-gon. Each pair of vertices determines exactly one diagonal. Therefore the answer should be $\binom{100}{2}=4950$ . However this also counts the 100 sides of the polygon, so the actual answer is $4950-100=\boxed{4850}$
A
4850
a3ca15d83e3806c6c621114b3714a4e5
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_45
The number of diagonals that can be drawn in a polygon of 100 sides is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 4850 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 4950\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 9900 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 98 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 8800$
The formula for the number of diagonals of a polygon with $n$ sides is $n(n-3)/2$ . Taking $n=100$ , we see that the number of diagonals that may be drawn in this polygon is $100(97)/2$ or $\boxed{4850}$
A
4850
a2d7d27379eee5911205046c472a46e9
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1950_AHSME_Problems/Problem_46
In triangle $ABC$ $AB=12$ $AC=7$ , and $BC=10$ . If sides $AB$ and $AC$ are doubled while $BC$ remains the same, then: $\textbf{(A)}\ \text{The area is doubled} \qquad\\ \textbf{(B)}\ \text{The altitude is doubled} \qquad\\ \textbf{(C)}\ \text{The area is four times the original area} \qquad\\ \textbf{(D)}\ \text{The m...
If you double sides $AB$ and $AC$ , they become $24$ and $14$ respectively. If $BC$ remains $10$ , then this triangle has area $0$ because ${14} + {10} = {24}$ , so two sides overlap the third side. Therefore the answer is $\boxed{0}$
E
0
90f8e608d5698ebf11846079d189ecfe
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2020_USOMO_Problems/Problem_4
Suppose that $(a_1, b_1), (a_2, b_2), \ldots , (a_{100}, b_{100})$ are distinct ordered pairs of nonnegative integers. Let $N$ denote the number of pairs of integers $(i, j)$ satisfying $1 \le i < j \le 100$ and $|a_ib_j - a_j b_i|=1$ . Determine the largest possible value of $N$ over all possible choices of the $100$ ...
Let's start off with just $(a_1, b_1), (a_2, b_2)$ and suppose that it satisfies the given condition. We could use $(1, 1), (1, 2)$ for example. We should maximize the number of conditions that the third pair satisfies. We find out that the third pair should equal $(a_1+a_2, b_1+b_2)$ We know this must be true: \[|a_1b...
null
197
90f8e608d5698ebf11846079d189ecfe
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2020_USOMO_Problems/Problem_4
Suppose that $(a_1, b_1), (a_2, b_2), \ldots , (a_{100}, b_{100})$ are distinct ordered pairs of nonnegative integers. Let $N$ denote the number of pairs of integers $(i, j)$ satisfying $1 \le i < j \le 100$ and $|a_ib_j - a_j b_i|=1$ . Determine the largest possible value of $N$ over all possible choices of the $100$ ...
We claim the answer is $197$ Study the points $(0, 0), (a_i, b_i), (a_j, b_j)$ . If we let these be the vertices of a triangle, applying shoelace theorem gives us an area of $\frac{1}{2}|0\times{b_i}+{a_i}\times{b_j}+{b_i}\times{0}-0\times{a_i}-{b_i}\times{a_j}-{b_j}\times{0} = \frac{1}{2}|a_ib_j - a_j b_i| = \frac{1}{...
null
197
4eddc86a2b76bcb0824003bb66e85760
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2014_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
Let $a,b,c,d$ be real numbers such that $b-d \ge 5$ and all zeros $x_1, x_2, x_3,$ and $x_4$ of the polynomial $P(x)=x^4+ax^3+bx^2+cx+d$ are real. Find the smallest value the product $(x_1^2+1)(x_2^2+1)(x_3^2+1)(x_4^2+1)$ can take.
Using the hint we turn the equation into $\prod_{k=1} ^4 (x_k-i)(x_k+i) \implies P(i)P(-i) \implies (b-d-1)^2 + (a-c)^2 \implies \boxed{16}$ . This minimum is achieved when all the $x_i$ are equal to $1$
null
16
f25c446de036ffaadaf5676a0b0756b1
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2014_USAMO_Problems/Problem_4
problem_id f25c446de036ffaadaf5676a0b0756b1 Let $k$ be a positive integer. Two players $A$... f25c446de036ffaadaf5676a0b0756b1 Let $k$ be a positive integer. Two players $A$... Name: Text, dtype: object
We claim that the minimum $k$ such that A cannot create a $k$ in a row is $\boxed{6}$
null
6
a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2012_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
problem_id a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d Find all integers $n \ge 3$ such that among an... a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d Find all integers $n \ge 3$ such that among an... Name: Text, dtype: object
Without loss of generality, assume that the set $\{a\}$ is ordered from least to greatest so that the bounding condition becomes $a_n \le n \cdot a_1.$ Now set $b_i \equiv \frac{a_i}{a_1},$ and since a triangle with sidelengths from $\{a\}$ will be similar to the corresponding triangle from $\{b\},$ we simply have to s...
null
13
a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2012_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
problem_id a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d Find all integers $n \ge 3$ such that among an... a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d Find all integers $n \ge 3$ such that among an... Name: Text, dtype: object
Outline: 1. Define the Fibonacci numbers to be $F_1 = F_2 = 1$ and $F_k = F_{k-1} + F_{k-2}$ for $k \ge 3$ 2. If the chosen $n$ is such that $F_n \le n^2$ , then choose the sequence $a_n$ such that $a_k = \sqrt{F_k}$ for $1 \le k \le n$ . It is easy to verify that such a sequence satisfies the condition that the larges...
null
13
d89b02c176f387e6b9c6a679272db18b
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2000_USAMO_Problems/Problem_4
Find the smallest positive integer $n$ such that if $n$ squares of a $1000 \times 1000$ chessboard are colored, then there will exist three colored squares whose centers form a right triangle with sides parallel to the edges of the board.
We claim that $n = 1999$ is the smallest such number. For $n \le 1998$ , we can simply color any of the $1998$ squares forming the top row and the left column, but excluding the top left corner square. We now show that no configuration with no colored right triangles exists for $n = 1999$ . We call a row or column fill...
null
1999
2dec4c965bc88a3697fd054e8ba36687
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1991_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
In triangle $ABC$ , angle $A$ is twice angle $B$ , angle $C$ is obtuse , and the three side lengths $a, b, c$ are integers. Determine, with proof, the minimum possible perimeter
[asy] import olympiad; pair A, B, C, D, extensionAC; real angleABC; path braceBC; A = (0, 0); B = (2, 0); D = (1, .5); angleABC = atan(.5); //y = 4x/3 and x+2y = 2 (sides AC and BC, respectively) intersect here: C = (6/11, 8/11); braceBC = brace(C, B, .1); label("$\mathsf{A}$", A, W); label("$\mathsf{B}$", B, E);...
null
77
2dec4c965bc88a3697fd054e8ba36687
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1991_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
In triangle $ABC$ , angle $A$ is twice angle $B$ , angle $C$ is obtuse , and the three side lengths $a, b, c$ are integers. Determine, with proof, the minimum possible perimeter
In $\triangle ABC$ let $\angle B = \beta, \angle A = 2\beta, \angle C = 180^{\circ} - 3\beta$ . From the law of sines, we have \[\frac{a}{\sin 2\beta} = \frac{b}{\sin \beta} = \frac{c} {\sin (180^{\circ} - 3\beta)} = \frac{c}{\sin 3\beta}\] Thus the ratio \[b : a : c = \sin\beta : \sin 2\beta : \sin 3\beta\] We can sim...
null
77
bc9fb059b7f4baf332344340e897b028
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1986_USAMO_Problems/Problem_3
What is the smallest integer $n$ , greater than one, for which the root-mean-square of the first $n$ positive integers is an integer? $\mathbf{Note.}$ The root-mean-square of $n$ numbers $a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_n$ is defined to be \[\left[\frac{a_1^2 + a_2^2 + \cdots + a_n^2}n\right]^{1/2}\]
Let's first obtain an algebraic expression for the root mean square of the first $n$ integers, which we denote $I_n$ . By repeatedly using the identity $(x+1)^3 = x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x + 1$ , we can write \[1^3 + 3\cdot 1^2 + 3 \cdot 1 + 1 = 2^3,\] \[1^3 + 3 \cdot(1^2 + 2^2) + 3 \cdot (1 + 2) + 1 + 1 = 3^3,\] and \[1^3 + 3\...
null
337
982766bb6c57b0aec7d8441644d076c0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1985_USAMO_Problems/Problem_5
Let $a_1,a_2,a_3,\cdots$ be a non-decreasing sequence of positive integers. For $m\ge1$ , define $b_m=\min\{n: a_n \ge m\}$ , that is, $b_m$ is the minimum value of $n$ such that $a_n\ge m$ . If $a_{19}=85$ , determine the maximum value of $a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_{19}+b_1+b_2+\cdots+b_{85}$
We create an array of dots like so: the array shall go out infinitely to the right and downwards, and at the top of the $i$ th column we fill the first $a_i$ cells with one dot each. Then the $19$ th row shall have 85 dots. Now consider the first 19 columns of this array, and consider the first 85 rows. In row $j$ , we...
null
1700
adbce7149b71691685e6ff8865546ef9
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1984_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
In the polynomial $x^4 - 18x^3 + kx^2 + 200x - 1984 = 0$ , the product of $2$ of its roots is $- 32$ . Find $k$
Using Vieta's formulas, we have: \begin{align*}a+b+c+d &= 18,\\ ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd &= k,\\ abc+abd+acd+bcd &=-200,\\ abcd &=-1984.\\ \end{align*} From the last of these equations, we see that $cd = \frac{abcd}{ab} = \frac{-1984}{-32} = 62$ . Thus, the second equation becomes $-32+ac+ad+bc+bd+62=k$ , and so $ac+ad+bc+bd=...
null
86
adbce7149b71691685e6ff8865546ef9
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1984_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
In the polynomial $x^4 - 18x^3 + kx^2 + 200x - 1984 = 0$ , the product of $2$ of its roots is $- 32$ . Find $k$
We start as before: $ab=-32$ and $cd=62$ . We now observe that a and b must be the roots of a quadratic, $x^2+rx-32$ , where r is a constant (secretly, r is just -(a+b)=-p from Solution #1). Similarly, c and d must be the roots of a quadratic $x^2+sx+62$ Now \begin{align*}x^4-18x^3+kx^2+200x-1984 =& (x^2+rx-32)(x^2+sx+...
null
86
adbce7149b71691685e6ff8865546ef9
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1984_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
In the polynomial $x^4 - 18x^3 + kx^2 + 200x - 1984 = 0$ , the product of $2$ of its roots is $- 32$ . Find $k$
Let the roots of the equation be $a,b,c,$ and $d$ . By Vieta's, \begin{align*} a+b+c+d &= 18\\ ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd &= k\\ abc+abd+acd+bcd &=-200\\ abcd &=-1984.\\ \end{align*} Since $abcd=-1984$ and $ab=-32$ , then, $cd=62$ . Notice that \[abc + abd + acd + bcd = -200\] can be factored into \[ab(c+d)+cd(a+b)=-32(c+d)+...
null
86
adbce7149b71691685e6ff8865546ef9
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1984_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
In the polynomial $x^4 - 18x^3 + kx^2 + 200x - 1984 = 0$ , the product of $2$ of its roots is $- 32$ . Find $k$
Since two of the roots have product $-32,$ the equation can be factored in the form \[x^4 - 18x^3 + kx^2 + 200x - 1984 = (x^2 + ax - 32)(x^2 + bx + c).\] Expanding, we get \[x^4 - 18x^3 + kx^2 + 200x - 1984 = x^4 + (a + b) x^3 + (ab + c - 32) x^2 + (ac - 32b) x - 32c = 0.\] Matching coefficients, we get \begin{align*} ...
null
86
ee0e8c72a8aeb1e1cbd508babe7d886e
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1982_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
In a party with $1982$ people, among any group of four there is at least one person who knows each of the other three. What is the minimum number of people in the party who know everyone else?
We induct on $n$ to prove that in a party with $n$ people, there must be at least $(n-3)$ people who know everyone else. (Clearly this is achievable by having everyone know everyone else except three people $A, B, C$ , who do not know each other.) Base case: $n = 4$ is obvious. Inductive step: Suppose in a party with $...
null
1979
c4b2a2c596bc5c3b88aec10541b75586
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1982_USAMO_Problems/Problem_2
Let $S_r=x^r+y^r+z^r$ with $x,y,z$ real. It is known that if $S_1=0$ $(*)$ $\frac{S_{m+n}}{m+n}=\frac{S_m}{m}\frac{S_n}{n}$ for $(m,n)=(2,3),(3,2),(2,5)$ , or $(5,2)$ . Determine all other pairs of integers $(m,n)$ if any, so that $(*)$ holds for all real numbers $x,y,z$ such that $x+y+z=0$
Claim Both $m,n$ can not be even. Proof $x+y+z=0$ $\implies x=-(y+z)$ Since $\frac{S_{m+n}}{m+n} = \frac{S_m S_n}{mn}$ by equating cofficient of $y^{m+n}$ on LHS and RHS ,get $\frac{2}{m+n}=\frac{4}{mn}$ $\implies \frac{m}{2} + \frac {n}{2} = \frac{m\cdot n}{2\cdot2}$ So we have, $\frac{m}{2} \biggm{|} \frac{n}{2}$ an...
null
2
12319197a4824f2c1f825b93a283e3bb
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1982_USAMO_Problems/Problem_4
Prove that there exists a positive integer $k$ such that $k\cdot2^n+1$ is composite for every integer $n$
Indeed, $\boxed{2935363331541925531}$ has the requisite property.
null
2935363331541925531
02c5b310832b5c75b71a805a7f2ad412
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1973_USAMO_Problems/Problem_4
Determine all the roots real or complex , of the system of simultaneous equations
Let $P(t)=t^3-at^2+bt-c$ have roots x, y, and z. Then \[0=P(x)+P(y)+P(z)=3-3a+3b-3c\] using our system of equations, so $P(1)=0$ . Thus, at least one of x, y, and z is equal to 1; without loss of generality, let $x=1$ . Then we can use the system of equations to find that $y=z=1$ as well, and so $\boxed{1,1,1}$ is the ...
null
1,1,1
02c5b310832b5c75b71a805a7f2ad412
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1973_USAMO_Problems/Problem_4
Determine all the roots real or complex , of the system of simultaneous equations
Let $a=x-1,$ $b=y-1$ and $c=z-1.$ Then \[a+b+c=0,\] \[a^2+b^2+c^2=0,\] \[a^3+b^3+c^3=0.\] We have \begin{align*} 0&=(a+b+c)^3\\ &=(a^3+b^3+c^3)+3a^2(b+c)+3b^3(a+c)+3c^2(a+b)+6abc\\ &=0-3a^3-3b^3-3c^3+6abc\\ &=6abc. \end{align*} Then one of $a, b$ and $c$ has to be 0, and easy to prove the other two are also 0. So $\box...
null
1,1,1
02c5b310832b5c75b71a805a7f2ad412
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/1973_USAMO_Problems/Problem_4
Determine all the roots real or complex , of the system of simultaneous equations
We are going to use Intermediate Algebra Techniques to solve this equation. Let's start with the first one: $x+y+z=3$ . This will be referred as the FIRST equation. We are going to use the first equation to relate to the SECOND one ( $x^2+y^2+z^2=3$ ) and the THIRD one ( $x^3+y^3+z^3=3)$ Squaring this equation: $x^2+y^...
null
1,1,1
91064cf7717d0f5be97285821d1c166e
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2021_USAJMO_Problems/Problem_1
Let $\mathbb{N}$ denote the set of positive integers. Find all functions $f : \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ such that for positive integers $a$ and $b,$ \[f(a^2 + b^2) = f(a)f(b) \text{ and } f(a^2) = f(a)^2.\]
The answer is $\boxed{1}$ , which works. To show it is necessary, we first get $f(1)=f(1)^2$ , so $f(1)=1$ . Then, we get $f(2)=f(1^2 + 1^2)=f(1)^2 =1$
null
1
5878a9d27bdabf85aea862589abc464f
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2020_USOJMO_Problems/Problem_3
An empty $2020 \times 2020 \times 2020$ cube is given, and a $2020 \times 2020$ grid of square unit cells is drawn on each of its six faces. A beam is a $1 \times 1 \times 2020$ rectangular prism. Several beams are placed inside the cube subject to the following conditions: What is the smallest positive number of beam...
Place the cube in the xyz-coordinate, with the positive x-axis pointing forward, the positive y-axis pointing right, and the positive z-axis pointing up. Let the position of a unit cube be $(x, y, z)$ if it is centered at $(x, y, z)$ . Place the $2020 \times 2020 \times 2020$ cube so that the edges are parallel to the ...
null
3030
da6969b6e725522504576dde9744f9cc
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2020_USOJMO_Problems/Problem_5
Suppose that $(a_1,b_1),$ $(a_2,b_2),$ $\dots,$ $(a_{100},b_{100})$ are distinct ordered pairs of nonnegative integers. Let $N$ denote the number of pairs of integers $(i,j)$ satisfying $1\leq i<j\leq 100$ and $|a_ib_j-a_jb_i|=1$ . Determine the largest possible value of $N$ over all possible choices of the $100$ order...
Call the pair $(i, j)$ good if $1\leq i < j \leq 100$ and $|a_ib_j-a_jb_i|=1$ . Note that we can reorder the pairs $(a_1, b_1), (a_2, b_2), \ldots, (a_{100}, b_{100})$ without changing the number of good pairs. Thus, we can reorder them so that $a_1\leq a_2\leq\ldots\leq a_{100}$ . Furthermore, reorder them so that if ...
null
197
8f163c68b8bf11a7dbb1d1ef054ef7cc
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2016_USAJMO_Problems/Problem_4
Find, with proof, the least integer $N$ such that if any $2016$ elements are removed from the set $\{1, 2,...,N\}$ , one can still find $2016$ distinct numbers among the remaining elements with sum $N$
Since any $2016$ elements are removed, suppose we remove the integers from $1$ to $2016$ . Then the smallest possible sum of $2016$ of the remaining elements is \[2017+2018+\cdots + 4032 = 1008 \cdot 6049 = 6097392\] so clearly $N\ge 6097392$ . We will show that $N=6097392$ works. $\vspace{0.2 in}$ $\{1,2\cdots 6097392...
null
6097392
f25c446de036ffaadaf5676a0b0756b1
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2014_USAMO_Problems/Problem_4
problem_id f25c446de036ffaadaf5676a0b0756b1 Let $k$ be a positive integer. Two players $A$... f25c446de036ffaadaf5676a0b0756b1 Let $k$ be a positive integer. Two players $A$... Name: Text, dtype: object
We claim that the minimum $k$ such that A cannot create a $k$ in a row is $\boxed{6}$
null
6
b8db09096d7162ee8404b842152eba4b
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2013_USAJMO_Problems/Problem_4
Let $f(n)$ be the number of ways to write $n$ as a sum of powers of $2$ , where we keep track of the order of the summation. For example, $f(4)=6$ because $4$ can be written as $4$ $2+2$ $2+1+1$ $1+2+1$ $1+1+2$ , and $1+1+1+1$ . Find the smallest $n$ greater than $2013$ for which $f(n)$ is odd.
First of all, note that $f(n)$ $\sum_{i=0}^{k} f(n-2^{i})$ where $k$ is the largest integer such that $2^k \le n$ . We let $f(0) = 1$ for convenience. From here, we proceed by induction, with our claim being that the only $n$ such that $f(n)$ is odd are $n$ representable of the form $2^{a} - 1, a \in \mathbb{Z}$ We in...
null
2047
b8db09096d7162ee8404b842152eba4b
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2013_USAJMO_Problems/Problem_4
Let $f(n)$ be the number of ways to write $n$ as a sum of powers of $2$ , where we keep track of the order of the summation. For example, $f(4)=6$ because $4$ can be written as $4$ $2+2$ $2+1+1$ $1+2+1$ $1+1+2$ , and $1+1+1+1$ . Find the smallest $n$ greater than $2013$ for which $f(n)$ is odd.
Of course, as with any number theory problem, use actual numbers to start, not variables! By plotting out the first few sums (do it!) and looking for patterns, we observe that $f(n)=\sum_{\textrm{power}=0}^{\textrm{pow}_{\textrm{larg}}} f(n-2^{\textrm{power}})$ , where $\textrm{pow}_{\textrm{larg}}$ represents the larg...
null
2047
a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2012_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
problem_id a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d Find all integers $n \ge 3$ such that among an... a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d Find all integers $n \ge 3$ such that among an... Name: Text, dtype: object
Without loss of generality, assume that the set $\{a\}$ is ordered from least to greatest so that the bounding condition becomes $a_n \le n \cdot a_1.$ Now set $b_i \equiv \frac{a_i}{a_1},$ and since a triangle with sidelengths from $\{a\}$ will be similar to the corresponding triangle from $\{b\},$ we simply have to s...
null
13
a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2012_USAMO_Problems/Problem_1
problem_id a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d Find all integers $n \ge 3$ such that among an... a45915bc778c3b967b94f7cee4faa46d Find all integers $n \ge 3$ such that among an... Name: Text, dtype: object
Outline: 1. Define the Fibonacci numbers to be $F_1 = F_2 = 1$ and $F_k = F_{k-1} + F_{k-2}$ for $k \ge 3$ 2. If the chosen $n$ is such that $F_n \le n^2$ , then choose the sequence $a_n$ such that $a_k = \sqrt{F_k}$ for $1 \le k \le n$ . It is easy to verify that such a sequence satisfies the condition that the larges...
null
13
981346a8c4f46a2e3ea8c0d9d00c7ec5
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2012_USAJMO_Problems/Problem_5
For distinct positive integers $a$ $b < 2012$ , define $f(a,b)$ to be the number of integers $k$ with $1 \le k < 2012$ such that the remainder when $ak$ divided by 2012 is greater than that of $bk$ divided by 2012. Let $S$ be the minimum value of $f(a,b)$ , where $a$ and $b$ range over all pairs of distinct positive i...
Let $ak \equiv r_{a} \pmod{2012}$ and $bk \equiv r_{b} \pmod{2012}$ . Notice that this means $a(2012 - k) \equiv 2012 - r_{a} \pmod{2012}$ and $b(2012 - k) \equiv 2012 - r_{b} \pmod{2012}$ . Thus, for every value of $k$ where $r_{a} > r_{b}$ , there is a value of $k$ where $r_{b} > r_{a}$ . Therefore, we merely have to...
null
502
f628ab1e2295d16ab604e15d621af50b
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2011_USAJMO_Problems/Problem_1
Find, with proof, all positive integers $n$ for which $2^n + 12^n + 2011^n$ is a perfect square.
We will first take the expression modulo $3$ . We get $2^n+12^n+2011^n \equiv -1^n+1^n \pmod 3$ Lemma 1: All perfect squares are equal to $0$ or $1$ modulo $3$ . We can prove this by testing the residues modulo $3$ . We have $0^2 \equiv 0 \pmod 3$ $1^2 \equiv 1 \pmod 3$ , and $2^2 \equiv 1 \pmod 3$ , so the lemma is tr...
null
1
f9c3533133e74a99960a349b5036838f
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2010_USAJMO_Problems/Problem_1
A permutation of the set of positive integers $[n] = \{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ is a sequence $(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n)$ such that each element of $[n]$ appears precisely one time as a term of the sequence. For example, $(3, 5, 1, 2, 4)$ is a permutation of $[5]$ . Let $P(n)$ be the number of permutations of $[n]$ for which $...
We claim that the smallest $n$ is $67^2 = \boxed{4489}$
null
4489
f9c3533133e74a99960a349b5036838f
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2010_USAJMO_Problems/Problem_1
A permutation of the set of positive integers $[n] = \{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ is a sequence $(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n)$ such that each element of $[n]$ appears precisely one time as a term of the sequence. For example, $(3, 5, 1, 2, 4)$ is a permutation of $[5]$ . Let $P(n)$ be the number of permutations of $[n]$ for which $...
This proof can also be rephrased as follows, in a longer way, but with fewer highly technical words such as "equivalence relation": It is possible to write all positive integers $n$ in the form $p\cdot m^2$ , where $m^2$ is the largest perfect square dividing $n$ , so $p$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Ob...
null
4489
f9c3533133e74a99960a349b5036838f
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2010_USAJMO_Problems/Problem_1
A permutation of the set of positive integers $[n] = \{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ is a sequence $(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n)$ such that each element of $[n]$ appears precisely one time as a term of the sequence. For example, $(3, 5, 1, 2, 4)$ is a permutation of $[5]$ . Let $P(n)$ be the number of permutations of $[n]$ for which $...
It's well known that there exists $f(n)$ and $g(n)$ such that $n = f(n) \cdot g(n)$ , no square divides $f(n)$ other than 1, and $g(n)$ is a perfect square. We prove first: If $f(k) = f(a_k)$ $k \cdot a_k$ is a perfect square. $k \cdot a_k = f(k) \cdot g(k) \cdot f(a_k) \cdot g(a_k) = f(k)^2 \cdot g(k) \cdot g(a_k)$ , ...
null
4489
ae97e4a746f937b4142fe0a22411657d
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_1
Cities $A$ and $B$ are $45$ miles apart. Alicia lives in $A$ and Beth lives in $B$ . Alicia bikes towards $B$ at 18 miles per hour. Leaving at the same time, Beth bikes toward $A$ at 12 miles per hour. How many miles from City $A$ will they be when they meet? $\textbf{(A) }20\qquad\textbf{(B) }24\qquad\textbf{(C) }25\q...
This is a $d=st$ problem, so let $x$ be the time it takes to meet. We can write the following equation: \[12x+18x=45\] Solving gives us $x=1.5$ . The $18x$ is Alicia so $18\times1.5=\boxed{27}$
E
27
ae97e4a746f937b4142fe0a22411657d
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_1
Cities $A$ and $B$ are $45$ miles apart. Alicia lives in $A$ and Beth lives in $B$ . Alicia bikes towards $B$ at 18 miles per hour. Leaving at the same time, Beth bikes toward $A$ at 12 miles per hour. How many miles from City $A$ will they be when they meet? $\textbf{(A) }20\qquad\textbf{(B) }24\qquad\textbf{(C) }25\q...
The relative speed of the two is $18+12=30$ , so $\frac{3}{2}$ hours would be required to travel $45$ miles. $d=st$ , so $x=18\cdot\frac{3}{2}=\boxed{27}$
E
27
ae97e4a746f937b4142fe0a22411657d
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_1
Cities $A$ and $B$ are $45$ miles apart. Alicia lives in $A$ and Beth lives in $B$ . Alicia bikes towards $B$ at 18 miles per hour. Leaving at the same time, Beth bikes toward $A$ at 12 miles per hour. How many miles from City $A$ will they be when they meet? $\textbf{(A) }20\qquad\textbf{(B) }24\qquad\textbf{(C) }25\q...
Since $18$ mph is $\frac{3}{2}$ times $12$ mph, Alicia will travel $\frac{3}{2}$ times as far as Beth. If $x$ is the distance Beth travels, \[\frac{3}{2}x+x=45\] \[\frac{5}{2}x=45\] \[x=18\] Since this is the amount Beth traveled, the amount that Alicia traveled was \[45-18=\boxed{27}\]
E
27
ae97e4a746f937b4142fe0a22411657d
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_1
Cities $A$ and $B$ are $45$ miles apart. Alicia lives in $A$ and Beth lives in $B$ . Alicia bikes towards $B$ at 18 miles per hour. Leaving at the same time, Beth bikes toward $A$ at 12 miles per hour. How many miles from City $A$ will they be when they meet? $\textbf{(A) }20\qquad\textbf{(B) }24\qquad\textbf{(C) }25\q...
Alice and Barbara close in on each other at 30mph. Since they are 45 miles apart, they will meet in t = d/s = 45miles / 30mph = 3/2 hours. We can either calculate the distance Alice travels at 18mph or the distance Barbara travels at 12mph; since we want the distance from Alice, we go with the former. Alice (and Barbar...
E
27
ae97e4a746f937b4142fe0a22411657d
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_1
Cities $A$ and $B$ are $45$ miles apart. Alicia lives in $A$ and Beth lives in $B$ . Alicia bikes towards $B$ at 18 miles per hour. Leaving at the same time, Beth bikes toward $A$ at 12 miles per hour. How many miles from City $A$ will they be when they meet? $\textbf{(A) }20\qquad\textbf{(B) }24\qquad\textbf{(C) }25\q...
We know that Beth starts 45 miles away from City A, let’s create two equations: Alice-> $18t=d$ Beth-> $-12t+45=d$ [-12 is the slope; 45 is the y-intercept] Solve the system: $18t=-12t+45 30t=45 t=1.5$ So, $18(1.5)=$ $\boxed{27}$
E
27
ae97e4a746f937b4142fe0a22411657d
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_1
Cities $A$ and $B$ are $45$ miles apart. Alicia lives in $A$ and Beth lives in $B$ . Alicia bikes towards $B$ at 18 miles per hour. Leaving at the same time, Beth bikes toward $A$ at 12 miles per hour. How many miles from City $A$ will they be when they meet? $\textbf{(A) }20\qquad\textbf{(B) }24\qquad\textbf{(C) }25\q...
Since Alicia and Beth's speeds are constant, they are directly proportional to their distances covered, so the ratio of their speeds is equal to the ratio of their covered distances. Since Alicia travels $\frac{18}{30} = \frac{3}{5}$ of their combined speed, she travels $\frac{3}{5}\cdot 45 = \boxed{27}$ of the total d...
E
27
a2658f3c6493f664125b0c5940db82a4
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_3
How many positive perfect squares less than $2023$ are divisible by $5$ $\textbf{(A) } 8 \qquad\textbf{(B) }9 \qquad\textbf{(C) }10 \qquad\textbf{(D) }11 \qquad\textbf{(E) } 12$
Note that $40^2=1600$ but $45^{2}=2025$ (which is over our limit of $2023$ ). Therefore, the list is $5^2,10^2,15^2,20^2,25^2,30^2,35^2,40^2$ . There are $8$ elements, so the answer is $\boxed{8}$
A
8
a2658f3c6493f664125b0c5940db82a4
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_3
How many positive perfect squares less than $2023$ are divisible by $5$ $\textbf{(A) } 8 \qquad\textbf{(B) }9 \qquad\textbf{(C) }10 \qquad\textbf{(D) }11 \qquad\textbf{(E) } 12$
Since $\left \lfloor{\sqrt{2023}}\right \rfloor = 44$ , there are $\left \lfloor{\frac{44}{5}}\right \rfloor = \boxed{8}$ perfect squares less than 2023.
A
8
a2658f3c6493f664125b0c5940db82a4
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_3
How many positive perfect squares less than $2023$ are divisible by $5$ $\textbf{(A) } 8 \qquad\textbf{(B) }9 \qquad\textbf{(C) }10 \qquad\textbf{(D) }11 \qquad\textbf{(E) } 12$
Since $5$ is prime, each solution must be divisible by $5^2=25$ . We take $\left \lfloor{\frac{2023}{25}}\right \rfloor = 80$ and see that there are $\boxed{8}$ positive perfect squares no greater than $80$
A
8
a2658f3c6493f664125b0c5940db82a4
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_3
How many positive perfect squares less than $2023$ are divisible by $5$ $\textbf{(A) } 8 \qquad\textbf{(B) }9 \qquad\textbf{(C) }10 \qquad\textbf{(D) }11 \qquad\textbf{(E) } 12$
We know the highest value would be at least $40$ but less than $50$ so we check $45$ , prime factorizing 45. We get $3^2 \cdot 5$ . We square this and get $81 \cdot 25$ . We know that $80 \cdot 25 = 2000$ , then we add 25 and get $2025$ , which does not satisfy our requirement of having the square less than $2023$ . Th...
A
8
613300bbad713a1527d2802dbf19ad74
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_4
A quadrilateral has all integer sides lengths, a perimeter of $26$ , and one side of length $4$ . What is the greatest possible length of one side of this quadrilateral? $\textbf{(A) }9\qquad\textbf{(B) }10\qquad\textbf{(C) }11\qquad\textbf{(D) }12\qquad\textbf{(E) }13$
Let's use the triangle inequality. We know that for a triangle, the sum of the 2 shorter sides must always be longer than the longest side. This is because if the longest side were to be as long as the sum of the other sides, or longer, we would only have a line. Similarly, for a convex quadrilateral, the sum of the sh...
D
12
613300bbad713a1527d2802dbf19ad74
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_4
A quadrilateral has all integer sides lengths, a perimeter of $26$ , and one side of length $4$ . What is the greatest possible length of one side of this quadrilateral? $\textbf{(A) }9\qquad\textbf{(B) }10\qquad\textbf{(C) }11\qquad\textbf{(D) }12\qquad\textbf{(E) }13$
Say the chosen side is $a$ and the other sides are $b,c,d$ By the Generalised Polygon Inequality, $a<b+c+d$ . We also have $a+b+c+d=26\Rightarrow b+c+d=26-a$ Combining these two, we get $a<26-a\Rightarrow a<13$ The largest length that satisfies this is $a=\boxed{12}$
D
12
613300bbad713a1527d2802dbf19ad74
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_4
A quadrilateral has all integer sides lengths, a perimeter of $26$ , and one side of length $4$ . What is the greatest possible length of one side of this quadrilateral? $\textbf{(A) }9\qquad\textbf{(B) }10\qquad\textbf{(C) }11\qquad\textbf{(D) }12\qquad\textbf{(E) }13$
The quadrilateral can by cyclic only when it is an isosceles triangle. Without Loss of Generality, lets assume that this quadrilateral is a trapezoid. We can assume this as if we inscribe a trapezoid in a triangle, the base can be the diameter of the circle which is the longest chord in the circle, therefore maximizing...
D
12
613300bbad713a1527d2802dbf19ad74
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_4
A quadrilateral has all integer sides lengths, a perimeter of $26$ , and one side of length $4$ . What is the greatest possible length of one side of this quadrilateral? $\textbf{(A) }9\qquad\textbf{(B) }10\qquad\textbf{(C) }11\qquad\textbf{(D) }12\qquad\textbf{(E) }13$
This is an AMC 10 problem 4, so there is no need for any complex formulas. The largest singular side length from a quadrilateral comes from a trapezoid. So we can set the $2$ sides of the trapezoid equal to $4$ . Next we can split the trapezoid into $5$ triangles, where each base length of the triangle equals $4$ . So ...
D
12
a0794e532ec989d50607630576c1ba1c
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_5
How many digits are in the base-ten representation of $8^5 \cdot 5^{10} \cdot 15^5$ $\textbf{(A)}~14\qquad\textbf{(B)}~15\qquad\textbf{(C)}~16\qquad\textbf{(D)}~17\qquad\textbf{(E)}~18\qquad$
Prime factorizing this gives us $2^{15}\cdot3^{5}\cdot5^{15}=10^{15}\cdot3^5=243\cdot10^{15}$ $10^{15}$ gives us $15$ digits and $243$ gives us $3$ digits. $15+3=\text{\boxed{18}$
E
18
a0794e532ec989d50607630576c1ba1c
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_5
How many digits are in the base-ten representation of $8^5 \cdot 5^{10} \cdot 15^5$ $\textbf{(A)}~14\qquad\textbf{(B)}~15\qquad\textbf{(C)}~16\qquad\textbf{(D)}~17\qquad\textbf{(E)}~18\qquad$
Multiplying it out, we get that $8^5 \cdot 5^{10} \cdot 15^5 = 243000000000000000$ . Counting, we have the answer is $\text{\boxed{18}$ ~andliu766
E
18
b0a92d1ae5d9dd3d4d763c0be62c5d76
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_6
An integer is assigned to each vertex of a cube. The value of an edge is defined to be the sum of the values of the two vertices it touches, and the value of a face is defined to be the sum of the values of the four edges surrounding it. The value of the cube is defined as the sum of the values of its six faces. Suppos...
Each of the vertices is counted $3$ times because each vertex is shared by three different edges. Each of the edges is counted $2$ times because each edge is shared by two different faces. Since the sum of the integers assigned to all vertices is $21$ , the final answer is $21\times3\times2=\boxed{126}$
D
126
b0a92d1ae5d9dd3d4d763c0be62c5d76
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_6
An integer is assigned to each vertex of a cube. The value of an edge is defined to be the sum of the values of the two vertices it touches, and the value of a face is defined to be the sum of the values of the four edges surrounding it. The value of the cube is defined as the sum of the values of its six faces. Suppos...
Note that each vertex is counted $2\times 3=6$ times. Thus, the answer is $21\times6=\boxed{126}$
D
126
b0a92d1ae5d9dd3d4d763c0be62c5d76
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_6
An integer is assigned to each vertex of a cube. The value of an edge is defined to be the sum of the values of the two vertices it touches, and the value of a face is defined to be the sum of the values of the four edges surrounding it. The value of the cube is defined as the sum of the values of its six faces. Suppos...
Just set one vertice equal to $21$ , it is trivial to see that there are $3$ faces with value $42$ , and $42 \cdot 3=\boxed{126}$
D
126
b0a92d1ae5d9dd3d4d763c0be62c5d76
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_6
An integer is assigned to each vertex of a cube. The value of an edge is defined to be the sum of the values of the two vertices it touches, and the value of a face is defined to be the sum of the values of the four edges surrounding it. The value of the cube is defined as the sum of the values of its six faces. Suppos...
Since there are 8 vertices in a cube, there are $\dfrac{21}4$ vertices for two edges. There are $4$ edges per face, and $6$ faces in a cube, so the value of the cube is $\dfrac{21}4 \cdot 24 = \boxed{126}$
D
126
b0a92d1ae5d9dd3d4d763c0be62c5d76
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_6
An integer is assigned to each vertex of a cube. The value of an edge is defined to be the sum of the values of the two vertices it touches, and the value of a face is defined to be the sum of the values of the four edges surrounding it. The value of the cube is defined as the sum of the values of its six faces. Suppos...
Set each vertex to value 1, so the sum of the vertices is 8. We find that the value of the cube, if all vertices are 1, is 48. We conclude that the value of the cube is 6 times the value of the sum of the vertices. Therefore, we choose $21\times6=\boxed{126}$
D
126
b0a92d1ae5d9dd3d4d763c0be62c5d76
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_6
An integer is assigned to each vertex of a cube. The value of an edge is defined to be the sum of the values of the two vertices it touches, and the value of a face is defined to be the sum of the values of the four edges surrounding it. The value of the cube is defined as the sum of the values of its six faces. Suppos...
The wording of the problem implies that the answer should hold for any valid combination of integers. Thus, we choose the numbers $21, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0$ , which are indeed $8$ integers that add to $21$ . Doing this, we find three edges that have a value of $21$ , and from there, we get three faces with a value of $4...
D
126
dcf55bfafb3d3e10c1e41b1657dc0ab0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_8
Barb the baker has developed a new temperature scale for her bakery called the Breadus scale, which is a linear function of the Fahrenheit scale. Bread rises at $110$ degrees Fahrenheit, which is $0$ degrees on the Breadus scale. Bread is baked at $350$ degrees Fahrenheit, which is $100$ degrees on the Breadus scale. B...
To solve this question, you can use $y = mx + b$ where the $x$ is Fahrenheit and the $y$ is Breadus. We have $(110,0)$ and $(350,100)$ . We want to find the value of $y$ in $(200,y)$ that falls on this line. The slope for these two points is $\frac{5}{12}$ $y = \frac{5}{12}x + b$ . Solving for $b$ using $(110, 0)$ $\fr...
D
37.5
dcf55bfafb3d3e10c1e41b1657dc0ab0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_8
Barb the baker has developed a new temperature scale for her bakery called the Breadus scale, which is a linear function of the Fahrenheit scale. Bread rises at $110$ degrees Fahrenheit, which is $0$ degrees on the Breadus scale. Bread is baked at $350$ degrees Fahrenheit, which is $100$ degrees on the Breadus scale. B...
Let $^\circ B$ denote degrees Breadus. We notice that $200^\circ F$ is $90^\circ F$ degrees to $0^\circ B$ , and $150^\circ F$ to $100^\circ B$ . This ratio is $90:150=3:5$ ; therefore, $200^\circ F$ will be $\dfrac3{3+5}=\dfrac38$ of the way from $0$ to $100$ , which is $\boxed{37.5.}$
D
37.5.
dcf55bfafb3d3e10c1e41b1657dc0ab0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_8
Barb the baker has developed a new temperature scale for her bakery called the Breadus scale, which is a linear function of the Fahrenheit scale. Bread rises at $110$ degrees Fahrenheit, which is $0$ degrees on the Breadus scale. Bread is baked at $350$ degrees Fahrenheit, which is $100$ degrees on the Breadus scale. B...
From $110$ to $350$ degrees Fahrenheit, the Breadus scale goes from $1$ to $100$ $110$ to $350$ degrees is a span of $240$ , and we can use this to determine how many Fahrenheit each Breadus unit is worth. $240$ divided by $100$ is $2.4$ , so each Breadus unit is $2.4$ Fahrenheit, starting at $110$ Fahrenheit. For exam...
D
37.5
dcf55bfafb3d3e10c1e41b1657dc0ab0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_8
Barb the baker has developed a new temperature scale for her bakery called the Breadus scale, which is a linear function of the Fahrenheit scale. Bread rises at $110$ degrees Fahrenheit, which is $0$ degrees on the Breadus scale. Bread is baked at $350$ degrees Fahrenheit, which is $100$ degrees on the Breadus scale. B...
We note that the range of F temperatures that $0-100$ $\text{Br}^\circ$ represents is $350-110 = 240$ $\text{F}^\circ$ $200$ $\text{F}^\circ$ is $(200-110) = 90$ $\text{F}^\circ$ along the way to getting to $240$ $\text{F}^\circ$ , the end of this range, or $90/240 = 9/24 = 3/8 = 0.375$ of the way. Therefore if we swit...
D
37.5
dcf55bfafb3d3e10c1e41b1657dc0ab0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_8
Barb the baker has developed a new temperature scale for her bakery called the Breadus scale, which is a linear function of the Fahrenheit scale. Bread rises at $110$ degrees Fahrenheit, which is $0$ degrees on the Breadus scale. Bread is baked at $350$ degrees Fahrenheit, which is $100$ degrees on the Breadus scale. B...
We have the points $(0, 110)$ and $(100, 350)$ . We want to find $(x, 200)$ . The equation of the line is $y=\frac{12}{5}x+110$ . We use this to find $x=\frac{75}{2}=37.5$ , or $\boxed{37.5}$ . ~MC413551
D
37.5
77fb83402afdf5d51537d2f43b0ce047
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_9
A digital display shows the current date as an $8$ -digit integer consisting of a $4$ -digit year, followed by a $2$ -digit month, followed by a $2$ -digit date within the month. For example, Arbor Day this year is displayed as 20230428. For how many dates in $2023$ will each digit appear an even number of times in the...
Do careful casework by each month. In the month and the date, we need a $0$ , a $3$ , and two digits repeated (which has to be $1$ and $2$ after consideration). After the casework, we get $\boxed{9}$ . For curious readers, the numbers (in chronological order) are:
E
9
77fb83402afdf5d51537d2f43b0ce047
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_9
A digital display shows the current date as an $8$ -digit integer consisting of a $4$ -digit year, followed by a $2$ -digit month, followed by a $2$ -digit date within the month. For example, Arbor Day this year is displayed as 20230428. For how many dates in $2023$ will each digit appear an even number of times in the...
There is one $3$ , so we need one more (three more means that either the month or units digit of the day is $3$ ). For the same reason, we need one more $0$ If $3$ is the units digit of the month, then the $0$ can be in either of the three remaining slots. For the first case (tens digit of the month), then the last two...
E
9
77fb83402afdf5d51537d2f43b0ce047
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_9
A digital display shows the current date as an $8$ -digit integer consisting of a $4$ -digit year, followed by a $2$ -digit month, followed by a $2$ -digit date within the month. For example, Arbor Day this year is displayed as 20230428. For how many dates in $2023$ will each digit appear an even number of times in the...
We start with $2023----$ we need an extra $0$ and an extra $3$ . So we have at least one of those extras in the days, except we can have the month $03$ . We now have $6$ possible months $01,02,03,10,11,12$ . For month $1$ we have two cases, we now have to add in another 1, and the possible days are $13,31$ . For month ...
E
9
95e0b26ee26a8b0a1e053bf6decdc7b0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_10
Maureen is keeping track of the mean of her quiz scores this semester. If Maureen scores an $11$ on the next quiz, her mean will increase by $1$ . If she scores an $11$ on each of the next three quizzes, her mean will increase by $2$ . What is the mean of her quiz scores currently? $\textbf{(A) }4\qquad\textbf{(B) }5\q...
Let $a$ represent the amount of tests taken previously and $x$ the mean of the scores taken previously. We can write the following equations: \[\frac{ax+11}{a+1}=x+1\qquad (1)\] \[\frac{ax+33}{a+3}=x+2\qquad (2)\] Multiplying $(x+1)$ by $(a+1)$ and solving, we get: \[ax+11=ax+a+x+1\] \[11=a+x+1\] \[a+x=10\qquad (3)\] M...
D
7
95e0b26ee26a8b0a1e053bf6decdc7b0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_10
Maureen is keeping track of the mean of her quiz scores this semester. If Maureen scores an $11$ on the next quiz, her mean will increase by $1$ . If she scores an $11$ on each of the next three quizzes, her mean will increase by $2$ . What is the mean of her quiz scores currently? $\textbf{(A) }4\qquad\textbf{(B) }5\q...
Suppose Maureen took $n$ tests with an average of $m$ If she takes another test, her new average is $\frac{(nm+11)}{(n+1)}=m+1$ Cross-multiplying: $nm+11=nm+n+m+1$ , so $n+m=10$ If she takes $3$ more tests, her new average is $\frac{(nm+33)}{(n+3)}=m+2$ Cross-multiplying: $nm+33=nm+2n+3m+6$ , so $2n+3m=27$ But $2n+3m$ ...
D
7
95e0b26ee26a8b0a1e053bf6decdc7b0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_10
Maureen is keeping track of the mean of her quiz scores this semester. If Maureen scores an $11$ on the next quiz, her mean will increase by $1$ . If she scores an $11$ on each of the next three quizzes, her mean will increase by $2$ . What is the mean of her quiz scores currently? $\textbf{(A) }4\qquad\textbf{(B) }5\q...
Let $s$ represent the sum of Maureen's test scores previously and $t$ be the number of scores taken previously. So, $\frac{s+11}{t+1} = \frac{s}{t}+1$ and $\frac{s+33}{t+3} = \frac{s}{t}+2$ We can use the first equation to write $s$ in terms of $t$ We then substitute this into the second equation: $\frac{-t^2+10t+33}{t...
D
7
95e0b26ee26a8b0a1e053bf6decdc7b0
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2023_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_10
Maureen is keeping track of the mean of her quiz scores this semester. If Maureen scores an $11$ on the next quiz, her mean will increase by $1$ . If she scores an $11$ on each of the next three quizzes, her mean will increase by $2$ . What is the mean of her quiz scores currently? $\textbf{(A) }4\qquad\textbf{(B) }5\q...
Let's consider all the answer choices. If the average is $8$ , then, we can assume that all her test choices were $8$ . We can see that she must have gotten $8$ twice, in order for another score of $11$ to bring her average up by one. However, adding three $11$ 's will not bring her score up to 10. Continuing this proc...
D
7