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116744 | Gloucester, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucester,%20Massachusetts | Gloucester, Massachusetts
(1988) pp: 261–278.
- Connolly, James Brendan. "The Port of Gloucester" (1940)
- Heyrman, Christine. "Commerce and Culture: The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1690–1750" (1986)
- Meltzer, Michael. "The world of the small commercial fishermen: their lives and their boats" (1980)
- Miller, Marc L., and John Van Maanen. "'Boats Don't Fish, People Do': Some Ethnographic Notes on the Federal Management of Fisheries in Gloucester." "Human Organization" 38.4 (1979): 377–385.
- Otto, Peter, and Jeroen Struben. "Gloucester fishery: insights from a group modeling intervention." "System Dynamics Review" 20.4 (2004): 287–312. online
- Thomas, Gordon W. "Fast and Able: Life Stories | 10,100 |
116744 | Gloucester, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucester,%20Massachusetts | Gloucester, Massachusetts
Fish, People Do': Some Ethnographic Notes on the Federal Management of Fisheries in Gloucester." "Human Organization" 38.4 (1979): 377–385.
- Otto, Peter, and Jeroen Struben. "Gloucester fishery: insights from a group modeling intervention." "System Dynamics Review" 20.4 (2004): 287–312. online
- Thomas, Gordon W. "Fast and Able: Life Stories of Great Gloucester Fishing Vessels" (1952)
# External links.
- City of Gloucester official website
- 1872 Map of Gloucester plate 80–81 Atlas of Essex County published 1872.
- 1872 Map of Gloucester Center – Inner Harbor plate 83 Atlas of Essex County published 1872.
- Gloucester's Civil War monuments at Massachusetts Civil War Monuments Project | 10,101 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
Haverhill, Massachusetts
Haverhill ( ) is a historic city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. Haverhill is located 35 miles north of Boston on the New Hampshire border and about 17 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The population was 60,879 at the 2010 census.
Located on the Merrimack River, it began as a farming community of Puritans, largely from Newbury Plantation. The land was officially purchased from the Pentuckets on November 15, 1642 (a year after incorporation) for three pounds, ten shillings. Pentucket was renamed Haverhill (after the Ward family's hometown in England) and evolved into an important industrial center, beginning with sawmills and gristmills run by water power. | 10,102 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
In the 18th and 19th century, Haverhill developed woolen mills, tanneries, shipping and shipbuilding. The town was for many decades home to a significant shoe-making industry. By the end of 1913, one tenth of the shoes produced in the United States were made in Haverhill, and because of this the town was known for a time as the "Queen Slipper City". The city was also known for the manufacture of hats.
# History.
Haverhill has played a role in nearly every era of American history, from the initial colonial settlement, to the French and Indian Wars, and the American Revolutionary and Civil wars.
## 17th century.
The town was founded in 1640 by settlers from Newbury, and was originally known | 10,103 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
as Pentucket, which is the Native American word for "place of the winding river". Settlers such as John Ward, Robert Clements, Tristram Coffin, Hugh Sheratt, William White, and Thomas Davis aided in the purchase of land known by Indians as Pentuckett. The land was purchased from native Indian chiefs Passaquo and Saggahew and permission was granted by Passaconaway, chief of the Pennacooks. Settlers, Thomas Hale, Henry Palmer, Thomas Davis, James Davis and William White were its first selectman. First Court appointments; given to end small causes were given to Robert Clements, Henry Palmer, and Thomas Hale. At the same court, it was John Osgood and Thomas Hale that were also appointed to lay the | 10,104 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
way from Haverhill to Andover.
It is said that these early settlers worshipped under a large oak tree, known as the "Worshipping Oak".
The town was renamed for the town of Haverhill, England, in deference to the birthplace of the settlement's first pastor, Rev. John Ward. The original Haverhill settlement was located around the corner of Water Street and Mill Street, near the Linwood Cemetery and Burying Ground. The home of the city's father, William White, still stands, although it was expanded and renovated in the 17th and 18th centuries. White's Corner (Merrimack Street and Main Street) was named for his family, as was the White Fund at Boston's Museum of Fine Arts.
Judge Nathaniel Saltonstall | 10,105 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
was chosen to preside over the Salem witch trials in the 17th century; however, he found the trials objectionable and recused himself. Historians cite his reluctance to participate in the trials as one of the reasons that the witch hysteria did not take as deep a root in Haverhill as it did in the neighboring town of Andover, which had among the most victims of the trials. However, a number of women from Haverhill were accused of witchcraft, and a few were found "guilty" by the Court of Oyer and Terminer.
One of the initial group of settlers, Tristram Coffin, ran an inn. However, he grew disenchanted with the town's stance against his strong ales, and in 1659 left Haverhill to become one of | 10,106 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
the founders of the settlement at Nantucket.
Haverhill was for many years a frontier town, and was occasionally subjected to Indian raids, which were sometimes accompanied by French colonial troops from New France, in which dozens of civilians were murdered. During King William's War, Hannah Dustin became famous for killing and then scalping her native captors, who were converts to Catholicism, after being captured in the Raid on Haverhill (1697). The city has the distinction of featuring the first statue erected in honor of a woman in the United States. In the late 19th century, it was Woolen Mill Tycoon Ezekiel J. M. Hale that commissioned a statue in her memory in Grand Army Republic Park. | 10,107 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
The statue depicts Dustin brandishing an axe and several Abenaki scalps. Her captivity narrative and subsequent escape and revenge upon her captors caught the attention of Cotton Mather, who wrote about her, and she also demanded from the colonial leaders the reward per Indian scalp. In recent years some have criticized Hannah Dustin since the Native American Indians she killed and scalped in order to escape were allegedly not her original captors and among the people she killed were young children. Hannah, born Hannah Emerson, is often maligned for coming from a troubled family: in 1676 her father Michael Emerson was fined for excessive violence toward his 12-year-old daughter Elizabeth, who | 10,108 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
in 1693 was hanged for concealing the deaths of her illegitimate twin daughters; and in 1683 Hannah's sister Mary was whipped for fornication. There were never any allegations of any sort against Hannah herself.
## 18th century.
In 1708, during Queen Anne's War, the town, then about thirty homes, was raided by a party of French, Algonquin and Abenaki Indians.
Like most towns, Haverhill has been struck by several epidemics. Diphtheria killed 256 children in Haverhill between November 17, 1735 and December 31, 1737.
George Washington visited Haverhill on November 4, 1789. Washington was on a "triumphant circuit" touring New England.
## 19th century.
The Bradford Academy was established in | 10,109 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
1803. It began as a co-educational institution, then became women-only in 1836.
In 1826, an influenza struck. A temperance society was formed in 1828.
Haverhill residents were early advocates for the abolition of slavery, and the city still retains a number of houses which served as stops on the Underground Railroad. In 1834, a branch of the American Anti-Slavery Society was organized in the city. In 1841, citizens from Haverhill petitioned Congress for dissolution of the Union, on the grounds that Northern resources were being used to maintain slavery. John Quincy Adams presented the Haverhill Petition on January 24, 1842. Even though Adams moved that the petition be answered in the negative, | 10,110 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
an attempt was made to censure him for even presenting the petition. In addition, poet John Greenleaf Whittier was an outspoken abolitionist.
The Haverhill and Boston Stage Coach company operated from 1818 to 1837 when the railroad was extended to Haverhill from Andover. It then changed its name and routes to the Northern and Eastern Stage company.
It was Ezekiel Hale Jr. and son Ezekiel James Madison Hale (descendants of Thomas Hale) that gave Haverhill a great head of steam. It was in the summer of 1835, the brick factory on Winter St was erected by Ezekiel Hale Jr. and Son. It was intended to run woolen flannel at a whopping six hundred yards of flannel per day. It was Ezekiel JM Hale, | 10,111 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
age 21 and graduate of Dartmouth College that came to the rescue when fire destroyed the operation in 1845. He rebuilt the mill at Hale's Falls, now more than twice as large produced nearly three times the output. Ezekiel JM Hale became Haverhill's Tycoon. EJM Hale served a term in the State Senate and was much revered in the area. Hale donated large sums of money to build the hospital and library.
Haverhill was incorporated as a city in 1870.
In the early morning hours of February 17, 1882, a massive fire destroyed much of the city's mill section, in a blaze that encompassed over . Firefighting efforts were hampered by not only the primitive fire fighting equipment of the period, but also | 10,112 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
high winds and freezing temperatures. The nearby water source – the Merrimack River – was frozen, and hoses dropped through the ice tended to freeze as well. A "New York Times" report the next day established the damage at 300 businesses destroyed and damage worth approximately $2M (in 1882 dollars).
### Annexation.
Bradford fits naturally into Haverhill but they were separate towns until January 1, 1897, when Bradford joined the City of Haverhill. Bradford was originally the western part of Rowley until it split from Old Rowley in 1672. In 1850, the East part of Bradford left and was founded as the independent town of Groveland. When Haverhill became a city in 1870, there were calls for the | 10,113 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
town to be annexed. This would go on for another 26 years. Neither town agreed to a plan, until in late 1896, the vote came up and both sides agree to join.
There were many reasons for the decision. Finances played a part into the annexation; a lot of people who lived in Bradford had businesses in Haverhill and wanted lower taxes. Traditionalists wanted Haverhill to be a dry town as Bradford was. Businesses in Lawrence, Portsmouth, and Andover wanted Haverhill to be a dry town so more business would show up and increase businesses in those towns. The demand for municipal services like Hospitals, Schools, and a new Factory downtown were in Haverhill while Bradford had none of the three. The | 10,114 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
Bradford Center of town wanted to join Haverhill but the Ward Hill section of town did not at the time since it was a substantial distance from both Bradford and Haverhill.
Finally, another reason why Haverhill wanted to annex Bradford was to return the town to majority English instead of the plurality of Irish, French Canadians and Central Europeans (Hungarians, Slovakians, Germans, and Italians) it had become with the influx of mill workers. Haverhill gladly approved with the first ballot in 1870 and Bradford was no more starting January 1, 1897. Bradford remains the only town in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to be annexed to a neighboring city other than Boston.
Haverhill became the | 10,115 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
first American city with a socialist mayor in 1898 when it elected former shoe factory worker and cooperative grocery store clerk John C. Chase. Chase was re-elected to this position in 1899 but was defeated the following year.
## 20th century.
Haverhill was the site of the eponymous Haverhill fever, also known as rat-bite fever, in 1926.
In the early part of the 20th century, the manufacturing base in the city came under pressure as a result of lower priced imports from abroad. The Great Depression exacerbated the economic slump, and as a result city leaders enthusiastically embraced the concept of urban renewal in the 1950s and 1960s, receiving considerable federal funds used to demolish | 10,116 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
much of the north side of Merrimack Street, most of the Federal homes along Water Street (dating from the city's first hundred years of development), and throughout downtown. Many of the city's iconic buildings were lost, including the Oddfellows Hall, the Old City Hall, the Second Meetinghouse, the Pentucket Club, and the Old Library, among others.
During Urban Renewal, the iconic high school—the inspiration for Bob Montana's Archie Comics —was falsely declared "unsound" and slated for demolition. Instead, the historic City Hall on Main Street was demolished, and city began using the High School of Archie's Gang as the new City Hall.
Urban Renewal was controversial. Several leading citizens | 10,117 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
argued to use the funds for preservation rather than demolition. Their plan was not accepted in Haverhill, which chose to demolish much of its historic downtown, including entire swaths of Merrimack Street, River Street, and Main Street. However, examples of the city's architecture, spanning nearly four centuries, abound: from early colonial houses (the White residence, the Duston Garrison House, the 1704 John Ward House, the 1691 Kimball Tavern, and the historic district of Rocks Village) to the modernist 1960s architecture of the downtown Haverhill Bank. The city's Highlands district, adjacent to downtown, is a fine example of the variety of Victorian mansions built during Haverhill's boom | 10,118 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
years as a shoe manufacturing city.
## 21st century.
In the 21st century, downtown Haverhill has undergone a renaissance of sorts. Housing trends, combined with a rezoning by the city led by longtime Mayor James Fiorentini and the use of Federal and State brownfield's money to clean up abandoned factories, resulted in the conversion of several abandoned factories into loft apartments and condominiums. There has been a total of $150 million in public and private investment in the downtown old factory district area. Additionally, the Washington Street area gained new dining and entertainment spots, and federal, State and local funds contributed to removing an abandoned gas station on Granite | 10,119 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
Street, cleaning up the site and converting it to a 350-space parking garage. The city was able to obtain Federal, State and local money to put in a new boardwalk and boat docks downtown. Recently, the city completed a rezoning of downtown proposed by Mayor Fiorentini designed to encourage artist loft live work space and educational uses for the downtown area. Despite the city's efforts, old buildings remain vacant or underutilized, such as the former Woolworth department store – boarded up for 40+ years at the intersection of Main Street and Merrimack Street. Recently a group purchased that building with the intention of redeveloping it, however those plans fell through. In February 2014, it | 10,120 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
was announced that plans were made to redevelop "Whites Corner" by demolishing the vacant Woolworth building along with other surrounding buildings including the former Newman's Furniture, Ocasio Building, replacing them with the new mixed-use project called Harbor Place. Those buildings along with other smaller ones were officially demolished as of March 19, 2015 making way for the construction of the Harbor Place project. As of July 23, 2016 the construction on the Harbor Place buildings are well underway as the mixed use building is near completion and the housing building is making progress. In September 2016, the Haverhill Riverfront Boardwalk overlooking the Merrimack River has opened | 10,121 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
to the public that extends from the Harbor Place buildings connecting to the other boardwalk behind Haverhill Bank.
## Timeline.
- 1640 - European settlers arrive.
- 1645
- Town of Haverhill incorporated.
- First Parish Church founded.
- 1679 - Town becomes part of Essex County.
- 1697 - Hannah Duston captured during King William's War.
- 1708 - Town raided during Queen Anne's War.
- 1735 - Diphtheria epidemic.
- 1789 - George Washington visits town.
- 1790 - Population: 2,408.
- 1796 - Haverhill Social Library organized.
- 1803 - Bradford Academy founded.
- 1812 - Haverhill Musical Society organized.
- 1814 - Merrimack Bank incorporated.
- 1818 - Haverhill and Boston Stage Coach | 10,122 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
in operation.
- 1821 - "Haverhill Gazette" begins publication.
- 1826 - Influenza outbreak.
- 1835 - Farrington & Chace shoe manufactory in business.
- 1837 - Andover and Haverhill Railroad begins operating.
- 1840 - Population: 4,336.
- 1850 - Population: 5,877.
- 1851 - Macy's dry good shop in business.
- 1852 - Haverhill Athenaeum established.
- 1853 - Smiley & Sons machinery dealer in business.
- 1859 - Haverhill Library Association established.
- 1868
- Primrose Street Schoolhouse built.
- Herman F. Morse & Co. picture store in business.
- 1869 - Morse & Son's Circulating Library in business.
- 1870 - City of Haverhill incorporated.
- 1871 - Haverhill Hat Company incorporated.
- | 10,123 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
1873 - Fire.
- 1875 - Winnekenni Castle (residence) built.
- 1877 - Jennings & Spaulding and E.H. Emerson & Co. shoe manufactories in business.
- 1878 - Haverhill Furniture Exchange in business.
- 1880 - Population: 18,472.
- 1882 - February - Fire.
- 1883 - Merrimac Bridge constructed.
- 1885
- Bon Ton Bazar opens.
- Pentucket Wheel Club organized.
- 1889
- City Hall rebuilt.
- Intervale Factory built.
- 1890 - John C. Tilton Elementary School was built.
- 1895 - Peabody School built.
- 1897 - Town of Bradford becomes part of Haverhill.
- 1898
- John C. Chase (socialist) becomes mayor.
- Haverhill Historical Society incorporated.
- 1900 - Population: 37,175.
- 1901 - St. | 10,124 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
Michael the Archangel Parish founded.
- 1906 - Board of Trade Building constructed.
- 1916 - Rotary Club established.
- 1947 - WHAV radio begins broadcasting.
- 1961 - Northern Essex Community College opens.
- 1972 - Whittier Regional Vocational Technical High School established.
- 1988 - Haverhill Community Television incorporated.
- 1989 - Mason & Hamlin piano manufactory relocates to Haverhill.
- 1997 - John F. Tierney becomes U.S. representative for Massachusetts's 6th congressional district.
- 1998 - Pentucket Lake School Opens
- 2003
- City website online.
- James J. Fiorentini elected mayor. Mayor Fiorentini is the longest-serving mayor in Haverhill's history, which has had | 10,125 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
Mayors since 1870.
- 2007 - Niki Tsongas becomes U.S. representative for Massachusetts's 5th congressional district.
- 2008
- Spotlight Playhouse founded.
- Zion Bible College relocates to Haverhill.
- 2010 - Population: 60,879.
# Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , or 7.47%, is water. The city ranks 60th in the Commonwealth in terms of land area, and is the largest city or town in Essex County. Haverhill is drained by the Little and Merrimack rivers, the latter separating the Bradford section of town from the rest of Haverhill. The highest point in the city is found on Ayers Hill, a drumlin with two knobs of almost | 10,126 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
equal elevation of at least , according to the most recent (2011-2012) USGS 7.5-minute topographical map. The city also has several ponds and lakes, as well as three golf courses.
Haverhill is bordered by Merrimac to the northeast, West Newbury and Groveland to the east, Boxford and a small portion of North Andover to the south, Methuen to the southwest, and Salem, Atkinson and Plaistow, New Hampshire, to the north. From its city center, Haverhill is northeast of Lawrence, southeast of Manchester, New Hampshire, and north of Boston.
## Points of interest.
- Main Street Historic District
- Haverhill Riverfront Boardwalk
- The Heights
- Museum of Printing
- Haverhill Stadium (now Trinity | 10,127 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
Stadium)
- The Buttonwoods Museum – Haverhill Historical Society
- John Greenleaf Whittier Homestead
- Haverhill tower clock at Walnut Square School
- Tattersall Farm
- Winnekenni Park Conservation Area, including Winnekenni Castle and Lake Saltonstall
- Downtown Haverhill with 22 restaurants, docks, and two small boardwalks overlooking the Merrimack River
- Bradford Rail Trail
# Demographics.
As of the census of 2010, there were 60,879 people, 25,576 households, and 14,865 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,846.5 people per square mile (683.1/km²). There were 23,737 housing units at an average density of 712.2 per square mile (275.0/km²). The racial makeup | 10,128 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
of the city was 88.3% White, 4.5% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 4.30% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic Latino made up 14.5% of the population (5.8% Puerto Rican, 4.6% Dominican, 0.9% Mexican, 0.5% Guatemalan, 0.3% Salvadoran, 0.3% Colombian, 0.2% Cuban). 16.8% were of Irish, 14.6% Italian, 10.1% French, 9.0% English, 7.8% French Canadian and 6.3% American ancestry according to Census 2000.
There were 22,976 households out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 28.6% | 10,129 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
of all households were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the city, the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $49,833, and the median income for a family was $59,772. Males had a median income of $41,197 versus $31,779 for females. The per capita income | 10,130 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
for the city was $23,280. About 7.0% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.3% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.
# Education.
Haverhill is the home of the main campus of Northern Essex Community College. Until its closing in 2000, Bradford College provided liberal arts higher education in Haverhill. In 2007, it became the new home of the Zion Bible College, now called Northpoint Bible College. Recently, The University of Massachusetts at Lowell (U-Mass Lowell) has announced its intention to locate a satellite campus in Haverhill and has begun teaching several courses at Northern Essex Community College. Haverhill also completed | 10,131 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
the reconstruction of the Hunking middle school in the Bradford part of the city.
# Infrastructure.
## Transportation.
Haverhill lies along Interstate 495, which has five exits throughout the city. The town is crossed by five state routes, including Routes 97, 108, 110, 113 and 125. Routes 108 and 125 both have their northern termini at the New Hampshire state border, where both continue as New Hampshire state routes. Four of the five state routes, except Route 108, share at least a portion of their roadways in the town with each other. Haverhill is the site of six road crossings and a rail crossing of the Merrimack; two by I-495 (the first leading into Methuen), the Comeau Bridge (Railroad | 10,132 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
Avenue, which leads to the Bradford MBTA station), the Haverhill/Reading Line Railroad Bridge, the Basiliere Bridge (Rte. 125/Bridge St.), the Bates Bridge (Rtes. 97/113 to Groveland), and the Rocks Village Bridge, to West Newbury, just south of the Merrimac town line. In 2010, a project began to replace the Bates Bridge, downstream, with a modern bridge. The project is expected to take two to three years and cost approximately $45 million.
MBTA Commuter Rail provides service from Boston's North Station with the Haverhill and Bradford stations on its Haverhill/Reading Line. Amtrak provides service to Portland, Maine, and Boston's North Station from the same Haverhill station. Additionally, | 10,133 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
MVRTA provides local bus service to Haverhill and beyond. The nearest small-craft airport, Lawrence Municipal Airport, is in North Andover. The nearest major airport is Manchester-Boston Regional Airport in Manchester, and the nearest international airport is Logan International Airport in Boston.
# Notable people.
- John Mapes Adams, Medal of Honor recipient during the Boxer Rebellion
- Mabel Albertson (1901–1982), actress
- Louis Alter (1902–1980), songwriter ("Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?")
- Daniel Appleton (1785–1849), publisher
- William Henry Appleton (1814–1899), Daniel Appleton's son, publisher of Lewis Carroll, Arthur Conan Doyle, Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry | 10,134 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
Huxley, Herbert Spencer, and John Stuart Mill
- Bailey Bartlett (1750–1830), member of the United States Constitutional Convention
- Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922), inventor, spent considerable time in Haverhill initially as a tutor to the deaf son of a prominent shoe magnate who later invested in Bell's telephone concept
- John Bellairs (1938–1991), author of gothic horror fiction for children and young adults
- William Berenberg (1915–2005), Harvard University professor and pediatrician
- Tom Bergeron (1955–), television personality
- Peter Breck (1929–2012), actor
- Isaac Newton Carleton (1832–1902), educator
- Walter Tenney Carleton (1867–1900), businessman
- Stuart Chase (1888–1985), | 10,135 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
economist
- Tristram Coffin, among the town's first settlers, who later left to settle Nantucket
- David Crouse, writer
- Andre Dubus II (1936–1999), short story writer and essayist
- Andre Dubus III (1959-), novelist and short story writer
- Euterpe Boukis Dukakis (1904–2003), first Greek woman to attend college in the United States and mother of Michael Dukakis, longest-serving governor of Massachusetts and presidential candidate, immigrated from Greece to Haverhill in 1913 and graduated from Haverhill High School in 1921. She attended and graduated from Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, and became a teacher.
- Hannah Duston (1657–1736), colonial heroine, first woman in the United States | 10,136 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
to be honored with a statue
- Brian Evans, singer and actor
- Frank Fontaine (1920–1978), comedian, Crazy Guggenheim on "The Jackie Gleason Show"
- Jeff Fraza, boxer and contestant on reality television show "The Contender"
- Charlotte Fullerton, author and Emmy-winning children's television writer/producer
- Kevin Paul Hayes, professional guitjo player and member of Old Crow Medicine Show
- Moses Hazen (1733–1803), Continental Army general
- Sylvia Hitchcock, Miss Alabama USA 1967, Miss USA 1967, Miss Universe 1967
- Red Howard (1900–1973), football player
- Dr. Duncan MacDougall, physician whose studies inspired the film "21 Grams"
- Rowland H. Macy (1822–1877), merchant
- Louis | 10,137 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
Burt Mayer (1884-1957) American film producer and co-founder of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios (MGM)
- Karen McCarthy, Missouri politician
- Charles Minot (1810–1866), railroad executive at Erie Railroad
- Bob Montana, Archie Comics co-creator
- William Henry Moody (1853–1917), Supreme Court justice, and prosecutor in the Lizzie Borden trial
- Carlos Peña, Major League Baseball player
- Anthony Purpura (1986–), USA Rugby National Team player
- Effie Alberta Read (c1873-1930), scientist at the US Food and Drug Administration
- Stephen Robert (1940–), former Chairman and CEO of Oppenheimer & Co., former Chancellor of Brown University
- Seth Romatelli, actor, host of "Uhh Yeah Dude"
- James | 10,138 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
E. Rothman, notable cell biologist and Nobel Prize winner
- Joseph Ruskin (1924–2013), née Joseph Richard Schlafman, actor, had roles in four "Star Trek" series and films including "The Magnificent Seven" and "Prizzi's Honor"
- Mike Ryan, Major League Baseball player
- Nathaniel Saltonstall (1639–1707), judge at the Salem witch trials
- Jon Shain (1967–), folk musician
- Spider One, née Michael Cummings, musician, brother of Robert Cummings a.k.a. Rob Zombie
- Charles Augustus Strong (1862–1940), philosopher, of the American school of critical realism
- Noah Vonleh, professional basketball player for the Minnesota Timberwolves
- John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892), poet; his poem "Snow-Bound" | 10,139 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
is set in Haverhill
- Charlotte White (1782–?), first unmarried American woman missionary, arrived India 1816
- Rob Zombie (1965–), born Robert Cummings, musician and founding member of White Zombie, film director, mainly horror genre
- Tom Bergeron (1955-), television personality, comedian, and game show host.
# See also.
- List of mill towns in Massachusetts
# Bibliography.
- The Story of Hannah Dustin
- "The Great Fire at Haverhill" from "The New York Times" archive
- "Haverhill's Great Loss" from "The New York Times" archive
- Disaster Genealogy - The Haverhill Fire
- published in 19th century
- Mirick, B L (1832). "History of Haverhill". Haverhill: A W Thayer.
- Haverhill - | 10,140 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
Facts of Interest (1880).
- White, Daniel (1889). "The Descendants of William White, of Haverhill, Mass."
- published in 20th century
- Thomas, Samuel (1904). "Whittier-land: A Handbook of North Essex".
- Arrington, Benjamin F. (1922). "Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts". Volume 2 - Haverhill. Volume 3 Biographical. Volume 4 Biographical. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company.
- published in 21st century
- Regan, Shawn, "Literary Haunts", "Eagle-Tribune", October 22, 2006
# External links.
- Materials related to Haverhill, Mass., various dates (via Digital Commonwealth)
- Haverhill Public Library. Local History.
- Haverhill Matters news co-op expected to launch | 10,141 |
116747 | Haverhill, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haverhill,%20Massachusetts | Haverhill, Massachusetts
homas, Samuel (1904). "Whittier-land: A Handbook of North Essex".
- Arrington, Benjamin F. (1922). "Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts". Volume 2 - Haverhill. Volume 3 Biographical. Volume 4 Biographical. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company.
- published in 21st century
- Regan, Shawn, "Literary Haunts", "Eagle-Tribune", October 22, 2006
# External links.
- Materials related to Haverhill, Mass., various dates (via Digital Commonwealth)
- Haverhill Public Library. Local History.
- Haverhill Matters news co-op expected to launch in 2014 Haverhill Matters moves closer to reality
- Items related to Haverhill, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America). | 10,142 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
Merrimac, Massachusetts
Merrimac is a small town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, and on the southeastern border of New Hampshire, approximately northeast of Boston and west of the Atlantic Ocean. It was incorporated on April 11, 1876. It is situated along the north bank of the Merrimack River in the Merrimack Valley. The population was 6,338 at the 2010 census. Historically a manufacturing center, it has long since become a largely residential community. It is part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area.
# History.
Settled by the English in 1638 as a part of Salisbury and later as a part of Amesbury around the village of Merrimacport, it was known throughout the seventeenth | 10,143 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
and eighteenth centuries as an agricultural and fishing community, with a small amount of shipbuilding. When Amesbury separated from Salisbury in 1666, Merrimac was referred to as the West Parish of Amesbury, or simply West Amesbury, although it was unincorporated. When a border dispute between the Massachusetts and New Hampshire colonies was settled in 1741, the new border sliced off the parts of Amesbury that were further from the Merrimack River, with the area then associated with West Amesbury becoming the "new town" of Newton, New Hampshire.
In the nineteenth century, benefiting from a manufacturing boom following the establishment of some of the first planned industrial cities in the | 10,144 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
United States, nearby Lawrence and Lowell, Merrimac came to be known worldwide for its horse-drawn carriage industry. During this period, the town proper of Merrimac, centered around Merrimac Square, expanded separately from the village of Merrimacport. In 1876, Merrimac, including Merrimacport, separated from Amesbury and officially incorporated itself as a town. It is believed that the town, as well as the river that runs along its southern border, are both named for the American Indian tribe that occupied the region. "Merrimac" (or "Merrimack") means "swift water place" in the language of this tribe. This town center consists of the typical brick buildings and Victorian architecture of the | 10,145 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
late nineteenth century, and it is surrounded by much of the town's population. Interstate 495 now divides Merrimacport from Merrimac. At the beginning of the twentieth century, as with the rest of the New England, it went through a period of deindustrialization as the region's industry relocated to the Midwest. The communities of the Merrimack Valley, including Merrimac, were particularly affected by this long period of economic decline and have never fully recovered.
Today, Merrimac is a typical small New England community. It went through numerous growth spurts throughout the 1990s and the beginning of the twenty-first century as it was absorbed into the Greater Lawrence metropolitan area.
# | 10,146 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 4.48%, is water. Merrimac is drained by the Merrimack River, whose north bank the town lies on. Located in the Merrimack River Valley and on the coastal plain of Massachusetts, Merrimac's land consists mainly of small, forested hills (before the twentieth century, it was mostly pasture). The town also has several ponds, streams and Lake Attitash (which is located partially in Merrimac, and partially in neighboring Amesbury).
Merrimac is roughly diamond-shaped, and is bordered by Amesbury and Lake Attitash to the northeast, West Newbury to the southeast, Haverhill to the southwest, | 10,147 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
Newton, New Hampshire, to the north and northwest, South Hampton, New Hampshire, to the far northeast, and Plaistow, New Hampshire, on the western corner. The town is northeast of Lawrence, southeast of Manchester, New Hampshire, and north of Boston. Merrimac lies along Interstate 495, with Exit 53 giving access to the town. Massachusetts Route 110 also passes through the town, just north of I-495. There are no bridges crossing the Merrimack directly into the town; the Rocks Village Bridge lies just to the south of town in Haverhill, and the nearest downstream crossing is the Whittier Memorial Bridge in Amesbury.
# Demographics.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,138 people, 2,233 households, | 10,148 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
and 1,699 families residing in the town. The population density was 719.6 people per square mile (277.8/km²). There were 2,295 housing units at an average density of 269.1 per square mile (103.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.27% White, 0.39% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.90% of the population.
There were 2,233 households out of which 40.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.9% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals | 10,149 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the town, the population was spread out with 29.0% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $58,692, versus $65,401 statewide, and the median income for a family was $69,118. Males had a median income of $48,718 versus $35,325 for females. The per capita income for the town was | 10,150 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
$24,869. About 1.9% of families and 2.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.7% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Government.
Merrimac is governed by the New England town meeting form of government, a kind of participatory direct democracy. Three selectmen are elected to administer the government, but all major decisions, as well as many minor decisions, are handled during the town's annual town meeting, as well as special town meetings, if required. Per the constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, any resident of Merrimac may introduce legislation with the support of 10 registered voters.
# Education.
The following schools serve the | 10,151 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
town of Merrimac. All regional schools, however, are located in neighboring West Newbury. Merrimac High School operated until 1958, but closed when Pentucket Regional High School opened.
- Frederick N. Sweetsir School – named for a doctor who practiced in Merrimac
- Helen R. Donaghue School – named for a former principal of the school
- Pentucket Regional Middle School
- Pentucket Regional High School
- Pentucket Regional School District
# Notable people.
- Dennis Berran, outfielder for the Chicago White Sox
- Richard P. Gabriel, computer scientist known for his contributions to the Lisp programming language community
- Ephraim Morse, early settler of San Diego, California and one of | 10,152 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
the founders of Balboa Park
- Henry Boynton Smith, Presbyterian theologian
- Kevin J. Sullivan, Massachusetts politician and former mayor of Lawrence
- George W. Weymouth, Massachusetts politician and former U.S. Representative
# Sites of interest.
- Lake Attitash (and Indian Head Park)
- The Merrimac Public Library, which is part of the Merrimack Valley Library Consortium.
- Merrimac Square
- Merrimac Town Forest
- Merrimac Training Field
- Merrimacport
# Annual events.
Merrimac is home to several regional events:
- The Merrimac Santa Parade
- Merrimac Old Home Days
# External links.
- Town of Merrimac official website
- Merrimac Public Library
- 1872 Map of Amesbury (Merrimac | 10,153 |
116751 | Merrimac, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrimac,%20Massachusetts | Merrimac, Massachusetts
(Merrimac was then known as West Amesbury) from plate 9 of the 1872 Atlas of Essex County.
- 1884 Map of Merrimac from plate 172 of the 1884 Atlas of Essex County.
- 1884 Map of Merrimacport from plate 154 of the 1884 Atlas of Essex County.
- 1884 Map of Merrimac Village from plate 151 of the 1884 Atlas of Essex county.
- 1888 Merrimac article by William T. Davis on pages 1535–1556 in Volume II of the History of Essex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches, published by D. Hamilton Hurd in 1888.
- 1922 Merrimac article Chapter 30 on pages 313–318 of Volume I of the Municipal History of Essex County, edited by Benjamin F. Arrington, published 1922 by Lewis Historical Publishing. | 10,154 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
Lynn, Massachusetts
Lynn is the 9th largest municipality in Massachusetts and the largest city in Essex County. Situated on the Atlantic Ocean, north of the Boston city line at Suffolk Downs, Lynn is part of Greater Boston's urban inner core. Settled by Europeans in 1629, Lynn is the 5th oldest colonial settlement in the Commonwealth. An early industrial center, Lynn was long colloquially referred to as the "City of Sin", owing to its historical reputation for crime and vice. Today, however, the city is known for its contemporary public art, international population, historic architecture, downtown cultural district, loft-style apartments, and public parks and open spaces, which include the | 10,155 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
oceanfront Lynn Shore Reservation; the 2,200-acre, Frederick Law Olmsted-designed Lynn Woods Reservation; and the High Rock Tower Reservation. Lynn also is home to Lynn Heritage State Park, the southernmost portion of the Essex Coastal Scenic Byway, and the seaside, National Register-listed Diamond Historic District.
# History.
## 17th century.
Prior to European colonization, the area today known as Lynn was inhabited by the Naumkeag people. The English settled Lynn not long after the 1607 establishment of Jamestown, Virginia—the first successful English colony in North America—and the 1620 arrival of the "Mayflower" at Plymouth. European settlement of the area was begun in 1629 by Edmund | 10,156 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
Ingalls, followed by John Tarbox of Lancashire in 1631. The area today encompassing Lynn was originally incorporated in 1629 as Saugus, the Nipmuck name for the area.
A noteworthy early Lynn colonist, Thomas Halsey, left Lynn to settle the East End of Long Island, where he and several others founded the Town of Southampton, New York. The resulting Halsey House—the oldest extant frame house in New York State (1648)—is now open to the public, under the aegis of the Southampton Colonial Society.
Further European settlement of Lynn led to several independent towns being formed, with Reading created in 1644; Lynnfield in 1782; Saugus in 1815; Swampscott in 1852; and Nahant in 1853. The City of | 10,157 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
Lynn was incorporated in 1850, taking its name from King's Lynn, Norfolk, England, in honor of Samuel Whiting.
Colonial Lynn was an early center of tannery and shoe-making, which began in 1635. The boots worn by Continental Army soldiers during the Revolutionary War were made in Lynn, and the shoe-making industry drove the city's growth into the early nineteenth century. This legacy is reflected in the city's seal, which features a colonial boot.
## 19th century.
In 1816, a mail stage coach was operating through Lynn. By 1836, 23 stage coaches left the Lynn Hotel for Boston each day. The Eastern Railroad Line between Salem and East Boston opened on August 28, 1838. This was later merged with | 10,158 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
the Boston and Maine Railroad and called the Eastern Division. In 1847 telegraph wires passed through Lynn, but no telegraph service station was built until 1858.
During the middle of the nineteenth century, estates and beach cottages were constructed along Lynn's shoreline, and the city's Atlantic coastline became a fashionable summer resort. Many of the structures built during this period are today situated within the National Register-listed Diamond Historic District.
Further inland, industrial activity contemporaneously expanded in Lynn. Shoe manufacturers, led by Charles A. Coffin and Silas Abbott Barton, invested in the early electric industry, specifically in 1883 with Elihu Thomson | 10,159 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
and his Thomson-Houston Electric Company. That company merged with Edison Electric Company of Schenectady, New York, forming General Electric in 1892, with the two original GE plants being in Lynn and Schenectady. Coffin served as the first president of General Electric.
Initially the General Electric plant specialized in arc lights, electric motors, and meters. Later it specialized in aircraft electrical systems and components, and aircraft engines were built in Lynn during WWII. That engine plant evolved into the current jet engine plant during WWII because of research contacts at MIT in Cambridge. Gerhard Neumann was a key player in jet engine group at GE in Lynn. The continuous interaction | 10,160 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
of material science research at MIT and the resulting improvements in jet engine efficiency and power have kept the jet engine plant in Lynn ever since.
One of the largest strikes of the early labor movement began in the shoe factories of Lynn on February 22, 1860, when Lynn shoemakers marched through the streets to their workplaces and handed in their tools, protesting reduced wages. Known as the New England Shoemakers Strike of 1860, it was one of the earliest strikes of its kind in the United States.
In 1841, abolitionist Frederick Douglass, moved to Lynn as a fugitive slave. Douglass wrote his first autobiography, "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave," while | 10,161 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
living in Lynn. The publication would become Douglass' best-known work. Douglass, his wife, and their five children lived in Lynn until 1848.
On February 1, 1866, Mary Baker Eddy experienced the "fall in Lynn", often referred to by Christian Scientists as significant to the birth of their religion.
## 20th century.
Lynn experienced a wave of immigration during the late 1800s and early 1900s. During the 30 years between 1885 and 1915, Lynn's immigrant population increased from 9,800 to 29,500, representing nearly one-third of the city's total population. Polish and Russian Jews were the largest single group, numbering more than 6,000. The first Jewish settlers in Lynn, a group of twenty Hasidic | 10,162 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
European families, mostly from Russia, formed the Congregation Anshai Sfard, a Hasidic, conservative Jewish synagogue in 1888. Catholic churches catering to the needs of specific language and ethnic groups also testify to the waves of immigrants. St. Jean Baptiste parish, eventually including a grammar school and high school, was founded in 1886, primarily for French-Canadians. Holy Family Church conducted services in Italian beginning in 1922, and St. Michael's church also provided church services and a grammar school for the Polish-speaking community, beginning in 1906. St. Patrick's church and school was a focus of the Irish-American community in Lynn. St. George's Greek Orthodox Church was | 10,163 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
founded in Lynn in 1905. Later in the 20th century, the city became an important center of greater Boston's Latino community. Additionally, several thousand Cambodians settled in Lynn between 1975 and 1979 and in the early 1980s.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Lynn was the world-leader in the production of shoes. 234 factories produced more than a million pairs of shoes each day, thanks in part to mechanization of the process by an African-American immigrant named Jan Matzeliger. From 1924 until 1974, the Lynn Independent Industrial Shoemaking School operated in the city. However, production declined throughout the 20th century, and the last shoe factory closed in 1981.
In the early | 10,164 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
1900s, the Metropolitan District Commission acquired several coastal properties in Lynn and Nahant, in order to create Lynn Shore and Nahant Beach Reservations, and to construct adjoining Lynn Shore Drive. When it opened to the public in 1910, Lynn Shore Drive catalyzed new development along Lynn's coastline, yielding many of the early 20th century structures that constitute a majority of the contributing resources found in the National Register-listed Diamond Historic District.
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Lynn suffered several large fires. On November 28, 1981, a devastating inferno engulfed several former shoe factories, located at Broad and Washington Streets. Seventeen downtown | 10,165 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
buildings were destroyed, with property losses totaling in the tens of millions of dollars. (The affected area has since been largely redeveloped into a satellite campus of North Shore Community College, with many adjacent warehouses converted to loft apartments.)
A reputation for crime and vice gave rise to a taunting rhyme about Lynn which became popular throughout Eastern Massachusetts: "Lynn, Lynn, the city of sin, you'll never come out the way you went in, what looks like gold is really tin, the girls say 'no' but they'll give in, Lynn, Lynn, the city of sin." Another variation was "Lynn, Lynn the city of sin: if you ain't bad, you can't get in!"
In order to counter its reputation as | 10,166 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
"the city of sin", Lynn launched a "City Of Firsts" advertising campaign in the early 1990s, which promoted Lynn as having:
- First iron works (1643)
- First fire engine (1654)
- First electric streetcar to operate in Massachusetts (November 19, 1888)
- First American jet engine
- First woman in advertising & mass-marketing – Lydia Pinkham
- First baseball game under artificial light
- First dance academy in the U.S.
- First tannery in the U.S.
- First air mail transport in New England, from Saugus, MA to Lynn, MA.
- First roast beef sandwich.
- First tulip in the United States, at the Fay Estate near Spring Pond
Some of these claims were subsequently found to be inaccurate or unprovable.
In | 10,167 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
a further effort to rebrand the municipality, city solicitor Michael Barry proposed renaming the city Ocean Park in 1997, but the initiative was unsuccessful.
Despite losing much of its industrial base during the 20th century, Lynn remained home to a division of General Electric Aviation; the West Lynn Creamery (now part of Dean Foods's Garelick Farms unit); C. L. Hauthaway & Sons, a polymer producer; Old Neighborhood Foods, a meat packer; Lynn Manufacturing, a maker of combustion chambers for the oil and gas heating industry; Sterling Machine Co.; and Durkee-Mower, makers of "Marshmallow Fluff".
## 21st century.
In the early 2000s, the renovation and adaptive re-use of downtown historic | 10,168 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
structures, together with new construction, launched a revitalization of Lynn, which remains ongoing. Arts, culture, and entertainment have been at the forefront of this revitalization, with new arts organizations, cultural venues, public art projects, and restaurants emerging in the downtown area. In 2012, the Massachusetts Cultural Council named downtown Lynn one of the first state-recognized arts and culture districts in Massachusetts.
In 2015, Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker established a task force, composed of representatives of multiple state and municipal public agencies, to further Lynn's revitalization.
Formerly vacant industrial buildings continue to be converted into loft | 10,169 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
spaces, and historic homes, particularly Lynn's Diamond Historic District, are being restored. In 2016, several large land parcels in Lynn were acquired by major developers, who have announced plans to construct new, large-scale luxury housing along and near the city's waterfront. Between April 2015 and April 2016, the number of monthly home sales in Lynn increased 104%. In May 2018, a developer announced plans to build downtown Lynn's first mid-rise luxury apartment house.
Lynn's revitalization has been bolstered by the city's emergence as a center of creative placemaking activity. In 2017, swaths of the city's downtown were transformed by a series of large-scale murals, which were painted | 10,170 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
on buildings by local, national, and international artists, as part of the city's inaugural Beyond Walls festival. Light-based interventions, including projections onto High Rock Tower, the installation of vintage neon signs on downtown buildings, and large-scale LED-illuminations of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority rail underpasses bisecting Lynn's Downtown, also have been deployed. In 2017, Mount Vernon Street, in the core of the downtown Central Square area, began to host block parties, food trucks, and other special events.
In recent years, Lynn has attracted a substantial and growing LGBT population.
In April 2018, The Boston Globe named Lynn one of the "Top spots to live | 10,171 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
in Greater Boston in 2018."
# Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (19.87%) is water. Lynn is located beside Massachusetts Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Lynn's shoreline is divided in half by the town of Nahant, which divides Lynn Harbor to the south from Nahant Bay to the north. The city lies north of the Saugus River, and is also home to several brooks, as well as several ponds, the largest being Breed's Pond and Walden Pond (which has no relation to a similarly named pond in Concord). More than one-quarter of the town's land is covered by the Lynn Woods Reservation, which takes up much of the land in the northwestern | 10,172 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
part of the city. The city is also home to two beaches, Lynn Beach and King's Beach, both of which lie along Nahant Bay, as well as a boat ramp in Lynn Harbor.
Lynn is located in the southern part of Essex County and is northeast of Boston and west-southwest of Cape Ann. The city is bordered by Nahant to the south, Swampscott to the east, Salem to the northeast, Peabody to the north, Lynnfield to the northwest, Saugus to the west and Revere (in Suffolk County) to the southeast. Lynn's water rights extend into Nahant Bay and share Lynn Harbor with Nahant. There is no land connection to Revere; the only connection is the General Edwards Bridge across the Saugus River. Besides its downtown district, | 10,173 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
Lynn is also divided into East Lynn and West Lynn, which are further divided into even smaller areas.
Lynn is loosely segmented into the following neighborhoods:
Central:
- Downtown / Business District
- Central Square
West Lynn:
- Pine Hill
- McDonough Sq./ Barry Park
- Tower Hill / Austin Sq. – Saugus River
- The Commons
- The Brickyard
- Walnut St./Lynnhurst
- Veteran's Village
East Lynn:
- Diamond District / Lynn Shore
- Wyoma Sq.
- The Highlands
- The Fay Estates
- Ward 1 / Lynnfield St.
- Goldfish Pond
- The Meadow / Keaney Park
## Climate.
Lynn gets cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. The other two seasons are mild, in general.
# Demographics.
As of the | 10,174 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
census of 2010, there were 90,329 people, 33,310 households, and 20,988 families residing in the city.
The racial makeup of the city was:
- 57.6% White
- 12.8% African American
- 0.7% Native American
- 7.0% Asian
- 0.1% Pacific Islander
- 16.8% from other races
- 5.0% from two or more races
Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.1% of the population (10.5% Dominican, 6.3% Guatemalan, 5.4% Puerto Rican, 2.8% Salvadoran, 1.7% Mexican, 0.6% Honduran, 0.4% Colombian, 0.4% Spanish, 0.2% Peruvian, 0.2% Cuban).
Cambodians form the largest Asian origin group in Lynn, with 3.9% of Lynn's total population of Cambodian ancestry. Other large Asian groups are those of Vietnamese (1.0%), Indian | 10,175 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
(0.4%), Chinese (0.3%), and Laotian (0.2%) ancestry.
In the city, the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of 18 and 75.1% over 18. Males accounted for 49% and females 51%.
Between 2009 and 2013, the median household income in Lynn was $44,849. The per capita income was $22,982. About 21.0% of the population was considered below the poverty line.
## Asian population.
In 1990 Lynn had 2,993 persons of Asian origin. In 2000 Lynn had 5,730 Asians, an increase of over 91%, making it one of ten Massachusetts cities with the largest Asian populations. In 2000 the city had 3,050 persons of Cambodian origin, making them the largest Asian subgroup in Lynn. That year the city had 1,112 | 10,176 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
persons of Vietnamese origin and 353 persons of Indian origin. From 1990 to 2000 the Vietnamese and Indian populations increased by 192% and 264%, respectively.
By 2004 the Cambodian community in Lynn was establishing the Khmer Association of the North Shore.
## Income.
Data is from the 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.
# Arts and culture.
## Notable locations.
- Fraser Field, municipal baseball stadium constructed in the 1940s under the Works Progress Administration. It has housed many minor league baseball teams and a few major league exhibition games for the Boston Red Sox. Currently, it is the home of the North Shore Navigators of the Futures Collegiate Baseball | 10,177 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
League.
- Manning Field, the municipal football stadium. It is the former site of Manning Bowl (circa 1936 – August 2005).
- Lynn Memorial Auditorium
- Mary Baker Eddy House
- Lucian Newhall House
- Grand Army of the Republic Hall (Lynn, Massachusetts)
- Lynn Museum & Historical Society
- Capitol Diner
- Lynn Masonic Hall
- St. Stephen's Memorial Episcopal Church
The North Shore Adult Day Health Center in Lynn, which opened in January 2009, caters to persons of Hispanic and Latino origin in Lynn and surrounding cities.
# Parks and recreation.
Lynn was among the first communities in America to set aside a significant portion of its total land areas for open space—initially to secure | 10,178 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
a common public wood source. In 1693, Lynn restricted use of areas today encompassed by the Lynn Woods Reservation, and imposed fines for removing young trees. Although this land area was subsequently divided, in 1706, rights of public access were maintained, and, during the 19 century, recreational use of the woods increased.
In 1850, the first hiking club in New England—the Lynn Exploring Circle—was established. In 1881, a group of Lynn residents organized The Trustees of the Free Public Forest to protect Lynn Woods by acquiring land and gifting it to the City. Frederick Law Olmsted was hired as a design consultant for Lynn Woods, in 1889, whereupon he recommended keeping the land wild, adding | 10,179 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
only limited public access improvements.
Lynn Woods was among the natural resources that inspired landscape architect Charles Eliot and others to create Boston’s Metropolitan Park System. In 1893, Eliot noted that Lynn Woods “constitute the largest and most interesting, because the wildest, public domain in all New England.”
Today, Lynn has 49 parks encompassing 1,540 aggregate acres, representing about 22% of the city's total 6,874-acre land area. Consequently, 96% of all Lynn residents live within a 10-minute walk of a park or open space. The city's parks and open spaces include:
- Lynn Shore Reservation
- Lynn Woods Reservation, the largest municipal park in New England, at . The bulk | 10,180 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
of the Reservation's land area is situated in the City of Lynn, but portions fall within the boundaries of adjoining municipalities. Several historical sites such as Stone Tower, Steel Tower, the Wolf Pits, and Dungeon Rock, believed to be the site of still-unrecovered pirate treasure, are located here. Many schools have cross-country track meets in Lynn Woods.
- Lynn Commons, an area between North and South Common Streets.
- Lynn Heritage State Park
- High Rock Tower, a stone observation tower with a view of Nahant, Boston, Downtown Lynn, Egg Rock, and the ocean. The top of the structure houses a telescope, which is open for the public to use.
- Pine Grove Cemetery, an intact rural cemetery, | 10,181 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
and one of the largest cemeteries in the country. "Ripley's Believe It or Not" once claimed the fieldstone wall around the cemetery was the "second longest contiguous stone wall in the world", after the Great Wall of China.
- Spring Pond, historic retreat of wild woodlands.
- Goldfish Pond/Lafayette Park
- Community Path of Lynn/Northern Strand, will connect Lynn with the partial finished Bike to the Sea Bike Trail, Revere, Saugus, Malden, and Everett, Massachusetts.
# Education.
Lynn has three public high schools (Lynn English, Lynn Classical, and Lynn Vocational Technical High School), four junior high schools, two alternative schools, and, as of Autumn 2015, 18 elementary schools. They | 10,182 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
are served by the Lynn Public Schools district.
There is also an independent Catholic high school located in the city, St. Mary's High School. Also, there are three religious K–8 elementary schools, and one interdenominational Christian school, North Shore Christian School.
North Shore Community College has a campus in downtown Lynn (with its other campuses located in Danvers and Beverly).
# Infrastructure.
## Transportation.
Lynn has no Interstate or controlled-access highways, the nearest being U.S. Route 1 in Saugus and Lynnfield, and the combined Interstate 95 and Route 128 in Lynnfield. (The original design of Interstate 95 called for a route that would have paralleled Route 107 and | 10,183 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
crossed Lynn - including Lynn Woods - but the project was cancelled in 1972.) However, Massachusetts State Route 1A, Route 107, Route 129 and Route 129A all pass through Lynn. Route 107 passes from southwest to northeast along a relatively straight right-of-way through the city. It shares a concurrency with Route 129A, which follows Route 129's old route through the city between its parent route and Route 1A. Route 129 passes from the north of the city before turning south and passing through the downtown area and becoming concurrent with Route 1A for . Route 1A passes from Revere along the western portion of the Lynnway, a divided highway within the city, before passing further inland into | 10,184 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
Swampscott. The Lynnway itself runs along the coastline, leading to a rotary, which links the road to Nahant Road and Lynn Shore Drive, which follows the coast into Swampscott.
Lynn has a stop on the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail, as well as the River Works stop, which is for GE Aviation employees only. A number of other stations were open until the mid 20th century. Numerous MBTA bus routes also connect Lynn with Boston and the neighboring communities. An extension of the Blue Line to downtown Lynn has been proposed, but not funded. The nearest airport is Boston's Logan International Airport, about south.
In 2014, seasonal commuter ferry service between Lynn and Boston's | 10,185 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
Financial District was established. A wharf adjacent to the public boat launch ramp located on Blossom Street Extension was rehabilitated, and a 150-space parking lot constructed. Trips to and from Central Wharf in Boston take 35 minutes. After two seasons of operation—and after the federal government allocated $4.5 million for the purchase of a new ferry boat for the line—service was suspended in 2016, when the state declined to continue providing the necessary operating funds. Ferry service resumed in 2017, with a scheduled operating season of June 20 to September 22.
In May 2018, Governor Charlie Baker announced that the Massachusetts Department of Transportation would again suspend funding | 10,186 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
for the Lynn-Boston ferry.
# Notable people.
- Corinne Alphen, model and actress
- Julie Archoska, football player
- Verna Bloom, American actress ("Animal House", "High Plains Drifter", "The Last Temptation of Christ")
- Walter Brennan, actor, winner of three Academy Awards, was born in Lynn
- Marion Cowan Burrows, physician and pharmacist, state legislator (1928-1932) representing Lynn
- Frederick Douglass, abolitionist
- Charles Remond Douglass, soldier
- Derek Falvey, Major League Baseball executive, was raised in Lynn.
- Neil Hamilton, actor, played "Commissioner Gordon" on TV's "Batman"
- Frederick Herzberg, psychologist, most famous for introducing job enrichment and the Motivator-Hygiene | 10,187 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
theory, was born in Lynn
- Ruth Bancroft Law, aviator, was born in Lynn
- Jan Ernst Matzeliger, inventor of shoe-manufacturing equipment, lived in Lynn
- Linda McCarriston, poet, was born and raised in Lynn
- Ralph McLane, clarinetist
- Ralph Merry, founder of Magog, Quebec, was born in Lynn in 1753.
- Mike Ness, musician, founder of the rock band, Social Distortion. Born in Lynn.
- Alex Newell, actor and singer, notably from the hit TV series "Glee"
- Jack Noseworthy, actor
- William Dudley Pelley, founder of the Silver Legion of America
- James Durrell Greene, famous inventor and US Civil War Brevet Brigadier General, was born in Lynn
- Ruth Roman, actress, notably from "Strangers | 10,188 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
on a Train", was born in Lynn
- Tom Rowe, professional hockey player
- Harold Shapero, Composer and educator, was born in Lynn
- Todd Smith, pro wrestler
- Susan Stafford, original hostess of "Wheel of Fortune"
- Lesley Stahl, television journalist, "60 Minutes", was born in Lynn
- Gasper Urban, football player
- Major League Baseball players Harry Agganis, Stan Andrews, Les Burke, John Deering, Josh Fogg, Bump Hadley, Jim Hegan, Ken Hill, Chris Howard, Mike Pazik, Blondy Ryan and Tom Whelan, all were born in Lynn
# In popular culture.
- Lynn is mentioned in Stephen King's "Cell"
- Many versions of the Mother Goose nursery rhyme "Trot, trot to Boston" include Lynn as the second destination.
- | 10,189 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
Episodes of the TV reality series "Cops" focused on Boston, including one episode in Lynn.
- The movie "Black Mass" starring Johnny Depp includes:
- the Saint Patrick's Day Parade Scene which was shot on Union Street in Lynn, MA (the Central Square Commuter Rail station entrance was made up to look like the Broadway Red Line station)
- scenes shot in the parking lot of The Porthole Restaurant on the Lynnway
- a scene shot at the former Anthony’s Hawthorne restaurant
- a scene shot under the railroad bridge at Washington Street
- a scene shot at the corner of Union Street and Silsbee Street in which the 270 Union Street building was made up to resemble a Boston Police station
- Scenes | 10,190 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
from the movie "Surrogates", especially the chase scene, were filmed in downtown Lynn. Lynn native Jack Noseworthy starred in the film, and has said he pushes Lynn as a location whenever involved in a project.
- The high school scene in "Central Intelligence" was filmed at Lynn Classical and Lynn English high schools.
- The movie "Joy" starring Jennifer Lawrence shot many scenes in Lynn, including the Kmart scene on Boston Street at the old Star Market Location. The final meeting scene took place at the Lynn Item Building at 38 Exchange Street.
- A scene for the movie "The Departed" was filmed on the Marsh Road in Lynn.
# Notable concerts at Manning Bowl.
- The Rolling Stones kicked off | 10,191 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
their 1966 North American Tour at the stadium on June 24, 1966. The event was cut short due to rain and police had to use tear gas bombs to quell the angry crowd.
- On June 11, 1976, Ray Charles held a charity concert to raise money for the Life Institute for Blind. The Four Tops and Dorothy Moore also performed.
- Mötley Crüe drew 15,000 fans during an August 1985 concert, Accept and Y & T were on the bill, as were Helix (Helix did not perform). It was known as Summer Jam 85.
- Aerosmith performed at the stadium during their Done with Mirrors Tour on September 14, 1985.
- The Beach Boys performed at the Stadium September 23, 1984.
- The Kinks performed at the Stadium September 8, 1985.
# | 10,192 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
See also.
- List of mill towns in Massachusetts
- Timeline of Lynn, Massachusetts
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Lynn, Massachusetts
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts
- List of museums in Massachusetts
- Lynn and Boston Street Railway
- Lynn Belt Line Street Railway
- Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad
- Belden Bly Bridge
# Bibliography.
- Lewis, Alonzo and James Robinson Newhall. History of Lynn, Essex County, Massachusetts: Including Lynnfield, Saugus, Swampscott and Nahant. Published 1865 by John L. Shorey 13 Washington St. Lynn.
- Panoramic View of the Hutchinson Family Home on High Rock including all of Lynn, | 10,193 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
Massachusetts published 1881 by Armstrong and Co, at the LOC website.
- D'Entremont, Jeremy. Egg Rock Lighthouse History. Website.
- Carlson, W. Bernard. "Innovation as a Social Process: Elihu Thomson and the Rise of General Electric, 1870–1900" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
- Woodbury, David O. "Elihu Thomson, Beloved Scientist" (Boston: Museum of Science, 1944)
- Haney, John L. "The Elihu Thomson Collection", American Philosophical Society Yearbook 1944.
- United Press International. "Blaze destroys urban complex in Lynn, Mass." "The New York Times", November 29, 1981. Page 28.
# External links.
- City of Lynn official website—includes "Virtual Tours of the Gems of | 10,194 |
116749 | Lynn, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynn,%20Massachusetts | Lynn, Massachusetts
and Co, at the LOC website.
- D'Entremont, Jeremy. Egg Rock Lighthouse History. Website.
- Carlson, W. Bernard. "Innovation as a Social Process: Elihu Thomson and the Rise of General Electric, 1870–1900" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
- Woodbury, David O. "Elihu Thomson, Beloved Scientist" (Boston: Museum of Science, 1944)
- Haney, John L. "The Elihu Thomson Collection", American Philosophical Society Yearbook 1944.
- United Press International. "Blaze destroys urban complex in Lynn, Mass." "The New York Times", November 29, 1981. Page 28.
# External links.
- City of Lynn official website—includes "Virtual Tours of the Gems of Lynn", a gallery of 360° panoramic photos | 10,195 |
116750 | Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester-by-the-Sea,%20Massachusetts | Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts
Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts
Manchester-by-the-Sea (also known simply as Manchester) is a town on Cape Ann, in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The town is known for scenic beaches and vista points. At the 2010 census, the population was 5,136.
# History.
Manchester was first settled by English colonists in 1629 and was officially incorporated in 1645. It was formed from territory taken from Salem (that portion since given to Beverly) and Gloucester.
The community thrived primarily as a fishing community for more than 200 years. Starting in 1845, it started to attract summer residents from the Boston area after poet Richard Dana built a house in the town. Over the next | 10,196 |
116750 | Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester-by-the-Sea,%20Massachusetts | Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts
fifty years, development of summer houses along the coastline established the community as Boston society's community of choice for summer residency. The trend continued with designs of housses by notable architects, such as "Sunny Waters", designed by John Hubbard Sturgis for his older brother, Russell, in 1862.
The most famous of these "summer cottages" was Kragsyde, built on Smith's Point in 1883. Commissioned by George Nixon Black, the Peabody and Stearns-designed residence has been hailed as the zenith of the Shingle style substyle of the Queen Anne style of architecture. It was demolished in 1929.
## Name.
To prevent confusion with the nearby and much larger city of Manchester, New | 10,197 |
116750 | Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester-by-the-Sea,%20Massachusetts | Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts
Hampshire, the name of the town was officially changed in 1989 following a close town meeting vote that year. This was ratified by an act of the state legislature passed on September 25, 1989.
The name change was driven by Edward Corley, a longtime resident of Manchester. All town documents, and the town seal, now use the name "Manchester-by-the-Sea". As a result of some minor resident activism, so do the majority of public and private lists of Massachusetts cities and towns, including that of the state government.
# Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 49.47%, is water. The town lies along the North Shore of Massachusetts | 10,198 |
116750 | Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester-by-the-Sea,%20Massachusetts | Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts
Bay, which in turn leads to the Atlantic Ocean. There are seven beaches lining the coast, and several small islands dot the coast, the largest being Kettle Island and House Island.
Several small coves edge the coast, the largest being Manchester Harbor, which is fed by Sawmill Brook and other small bodies of water. There are several protected areas within town, including Cedar Swamp Conservation Area, Cheever Commons Conservation Area, Coolidge Reservation, Dexter Pond, Owl's Nest Nature Preservation Land, Powder House Hill Reservation, and Wyman Hill Conservation Area.
Manchester-by-the-Sea is bordered by Beverly and Wenham to the west, Hamilton to the northwest, Essex to the north, and Gloucester | 10,199 |
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