wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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4655863 | Strike (1925 film) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strike%20(1925%20film) | Strike (1925 film)
The strike draws out
Scenes are shown of a line forming at a store which is closed, and a baby needing food. A fight occurs at a home between a man and a woman, subsequently she leaves. Another man rummages through his home for goods to sell at a flea market, upsetting his family. A posted letter pu... | 35,300 |
4655863 | Strike (1925 film) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strike%20(1925%20film) | Strike (1925 film)
throne is made of a derelict automobile amidst rubbish, and who leads a community that lives in enormous barrels buried with only their top openings above ground. After a deal with a tsarist police agent, "King" hires a few provocateurs from among his community to set fire, raze, and loot a liquor st... | 35,301 |
4655863 | Strike (1925 film) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strike%20(1925%20film) | Strike (1925 film)
heading to the forge, then their apartments. The crowd is chased and whipped on the balconies. A policeman murders a small child. The workers are driven into a field by the army and shot "en masse." This is shown with alternating footage of the slaughtering of a cow.
# Cast.
- Maksim Shtraukh — Pol... | 35,302 |
4655863 | Strike (1925 film) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strike%20(1925%20film) | Strike (1925 film)
The crowd is chased and whipped on the balconies. A policeman murders a small child. The workers are driven into a field by the army and shot "en masse." This is shown with alternating footage of the slaughtering of a cow.
# Cast.
- Maksim Shtraukh — Police spy
- Grigori Aleksandrov — Factory fore... | 35,303 |
4655860 | Anteosauridae | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anteosauridae | Anteosauridae
Anteosauridae
Anteosauridae is an extinct family of large carnivorous dinocephalian therapsids that are known from the Middle Permian of Asia, Africa, and South America.These animals were by far the largest predators of the Permian period, with skulls reaching 80 cm in length in adult individuals, far la... | 35,304 |
4655860 | Anteosauridae | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anteosauridae | Anteosauridae
by the presence of a large thickened region or "boss" on the side of the angle of the lower jaw; this was probably used in intraspecific behaviour. In "Doliosauriscus" and "Anteosaurus", not only was this boss very prominent, but the bones were very thick and rugose. The same situation is found in the her... | 35,305 |
4655860 | Anteosauridae | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anteosauridae | Anteosauridae
Several recent phylogenetic studies of anteosaurians find support for two subfamilies within Anteosauridae: Anteosaurinae and Syodontinae. Below is a cladogram showing syodontine relationships from a 2012 phylogenetic study of anteosaurians:
# Further reading.
- ----- 1969, "The Fauna of the Tapincephal... | 35,306 |
4655860 | Anteosauridae | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anteosauridae | Anteosauridae
gram showing syodontine relationships from a 2012 phylogenetic study of anteosaurians:
# Further reading.
- ----- 1969, "The Fauna of the Tapincephalus Zone (Beaufort Beds of the Karoo)," "Ann. S. Afr. Mus." 56 (1) 1-73, pp. 35–38
- Carroll, R. L., 1988, "Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution", WH Free... | 35,307 |
4655842 | Fremont, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fremont,%20Missouri | Fremont, Missouri
Fremont, Missouri
Fremont is a census-designated place in western Carter County, Missouri, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 60 about west of Van Buren in Pike Creek Valley. The community was founded in about 1887. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 129.
# History.
## Founding.
... | 35,308 |
4655842 | Fremont, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fremont,%20Missouri | Fremont, Missouri
By July 3, 1888, the tracks were laid and the first train ran through the new town. The plat for the town was submitted to the county on July 10, 1888.
## Name.
The new town, which was laid out on land the railroad had acquired as part of its right-of-way through Carter County, was originally to be ... | 35,309 |
4655842 | Fremont, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fremont,%20Missouri | Fremont, Missouri
was submitted to the postal service and accepted, and for many years Peggy was the name of the town.
In 1907 the name of the town was changed again, this time to Fremont, in honor of John C. Frémont (1813 - 1890), who was a famous explorer and soldier. Even after the name was changed to Fremont the t... | 35,310 |
4655842 | Fremont, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fremont,%20Missouri | Fremont, Missouri
of Midco was created. After the need for iron diminished, the community dissolved, leaving only the smelter's smokestack and the Midco Cemetery on the hill east of the site as a reminder of the town's existence.
## School.
The school and about one third of the town was devastated by a tornado in the... | 35,311 |
4655842 | Fremont, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fremont,%20Missouri | Fremont, Missouri
7. The old two-story brick school was in the direct path of the tornado and was completely destroyed. Fortunately, summer vacation had begun two days before. The storm hit just as students would have been dismissed for the day. The old school was not repaired, and what was left of it was torn down. A ... | 35,312 |
4655892 | WLLQ | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WLLQ | WLLQ
WLLQ
WLLQ is a daytime only AM radio station licensed to Chapel Hill, North Carolina heard at 1530 kHz. The station is part of a simulcast of the regional Mexican music format called La Grande.
# History.
Prior to their current Spanish language format with programing from Que Pasa, WLLQ, WRTG, and WGSB broadcas... | 35,313 |
4655892 | WLLQ | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WLLQ | WLLQ
Hill's West Rosemary Street and the daytime-only station had 5,000 watts of power. As the jazz format lost listeners to competitors on the FM dial, WRBX moved towards an inspirational Christian format.
By 1978, WRBX had gone Southern gospel, increased its power to 10,000 watts and moved to studios on Durham-Chape... | 35,314 |
4655892 | WLLQ | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WLLQ | WLLQ
reinstated, the station's studios were moved into Leathers' repair shop and WRBX became WRTP.
The inspirational format soon became a contemporary Christian one. Carolina Christian Communications expanded WRTP to a simulcast with Garner-based WRTG, 1000 AM, in 1994 and to Mebane-based WGSB, 1060 AM in 1995. Betwee... | 35,315 |
4655892 | WLLQ | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WLLQ | WLLQ
WGSB were purchased by Estuardo Valdemar Rodriguez and Leonor Rodriguez, owners of WLLN in Lillington, for $1.1 million.
On February 3, 2005, WRTP and its sister AM stations ceased broadcasting the "His Radio WRTP" Christian format on AM, but WRTP still continues on a number of frequencies on FM 24 hours a day. A... | 35,316 |
4655928 | Coldwater, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coldwater,%20Missouri | Coldwater, Missouri
Coldwater, Missouri
Coldwater is an unincorporated community in northern Wayne County, Missouri, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 67 about seventeen miles south of Fredericktown.
A post office called Cold Water was established in 1848, the name was changed to Coldwater in 1894, and the p... | 35,317 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
Ritual servitude
Ritual servitude is a practice in Ghana, Togo, and Benin where traditional religious shrines (popularly called fetish shrines in Ghana) take human beings, usually young virgin girls, in payment for services, or in religious atonement for alleged misdeeds of a family member. In Ghana a... | 35,318 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
shrine and is married to the gods of the shrine.
If a girl runs away or dies, she must be replaced by another girl from the family. Some girls in ritual servitude are the third or fourth girl in their family suffering for the same crime, sometimes for something as minor as the loss of trivial property... | 35,319 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
"voodoosi" or "vudusi". Victims are commonly known in Ghana as fetish slaves because the gods of African Traditional Religion are popularly referred to as fetishes and the priests who serve them as fetish priests.
# Use of the terms "servitude", "slave" and "slavery".
Human rights organizations and o... | 35,320 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
owners.
Proponents of the system of ritual servitude by any of its names object to this term, but except for the technical terms "trokosi", "vudusi", "fiashidi", "woryokoe", the problem is coming up with a suitable alternative. Sometimes they have compared the trokosi to traditional queen mothers, imp... | 35,321 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
of Ghana and defined "trokosi" as "slaves of the gods".
Emmanuel Kwaku Akeampong, a native Ghanaian of Harvard University, says that "tro" means a "god" and "kosi" is used at different times to mean either "slave", "virgin", or "wife". Anita Ababio, a Ghanaian lawyer who has extensively researched the... | 35,322 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
that trokosi are "slaves of the deities of the shrines". "Though euphemistically, they are called the 'deity's wives', yet they serve the priests and elders of the shrine and do all the hard chores, as well as becoming sexual partners of the priest," Gadri says. He also says, "the trokosi works for the... | 35,323 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
of ritual servitude always have the rights of ownership exercised over them." She then goes on to quote Article 7 of "The Convention on Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery", which defines a slave as "a person over whom any or all powers attaching to the rights of ownership are exercised". Ang... | 35,324 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
is a form of slavery and whether sexual abuse is involved the answers are polarized into two camps. Some traditionalists defend the system saying that it is simply a cultural practice of certain shrines and as such should be protected. These defenders claim that while instances of sexual abuse may occu... | 35,325 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
liberated) trokosi who say that sexual abuse was a regular part of their time at the shrine, claiming the number of children born to them by the priest and shrine elders is a witness.
Although virtually everyone recognizes that the victims themselves have no choice or say in their lot, Stephen Awudi G... | 35,326 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
forms of it were part of ancient religious traditions of devotion to various gods and goddesses. It is distinguished from the Christian monastic tradition at a basic level since ritual servitude is involuntary on the part of the participant, in contrast to Christian monasticism, which is voluntary.
# ... | 35,327 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
Girls given to atone for such crimes in a sense are considered a kind of savior, for as long as she remains in the shrine or under its control, the anger of the god is believed to be averted from the rest of the family.
The second most frequent reason for the practice of ritual servitude is that the g... | 35,328 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
a life of ritual servitude of their own volition, but human rights organizations claim that while this may be theoretically possible, they haven't found one yet.
In the past, the traditions of the shrines were veiled in secrecy, and people dared not discuss them, fearing the wrath of the gods if they ... | 35,329 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
gods was part of many ancient religions. In West Africa, the practice has gone on for at least several hundred years. Similar practices using similar terminology were found in the royal court of the Kingdom of Dahomey (in what is now Benin) in the 18th and 19th centuries. Wives, slaves, and in fact all... | 35,330 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
he was guarded by women guards called Amazons. The king controlled every aspect of the lives and even the deaths of the ahosi. Visitors to old Abomey today are shown a mass grave and told that the king's wives "volunteered," on his death, to be buried alive with him in order to accompany him and serve ... | 35,331 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
power of the king was renewed by hundreds of human sacrifices, usually performed by public beheadings.
The practice was documented by A. B. Ellis who was an eyewitness of the practice in the Dahomey Empire (now Benin) in 1879. According to Ellis, one god called "Khebioso" Heviosso? had 1500 wives in D... | 35,332 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
lived in the palace, not wives of the gods living in the shrines. But that distinction is not as clearcut as it might first seem, for the palace was the center of Dahomean religious life, and the place where sacrifices were made and rituals to the ancestors were performed. Over time, then, it was an ea... | 35,333 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
demanding that someone become a devotee or vodunsi (wife or follower of the god).
## In Ghana.
As people migrated within West Africa, the practice spread. Sandra Greene has noted that in Ghana, the practice dates to at least the late 18th century. At the time the Amlade clan Sui became very powerful,... | 35,334 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
slavery, however, was not at that time and in that place common, since Nyigbla also instituted a practice called foasi, whereby two servants were recruited annually on a more-or-less voluntary basis. At that time, the slaves were often married to members of powerful priestly families.
# History of opp... | 35,335 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
masters turned their heads. They derided him as "the blind man who wants to help others see". The colonial government did investigate the practice at Atigo shrine near Battor from 1919 to 1924. The investigating District Commissioner, W. Price Jones, called it "a pernicious habit of handing girls over ... | 35,336 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
1980.
## In the 1980s.
The practice was drawn into the national spotlight at that time when Mark Wisdom, a Baptist pastor, responded to what he claims was a vision from God, and challenged the system in the national media. Wisdom claimed that as he prayed, he saw a vision of women in bonds, crying ou... | 35,337 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
Slaves Liberation Movement), and was instrumental in some of the earliest liberations, but it was his bold public statements reported in the news that pricked the national consciousness.
## In the 1990s.
In the early 1990s, Ghanaian journalist Vincent Azumah found courage to write publicly about the ... | 35,338 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
and a cause for national pride. One example of this was his granting of free air time to the founder of the Afrikania movement, Okomfo Damuah, at a time when Christian churches were virtually denied access to both radio and TV. Azumah and FIDA's actions were very bold in the light of the political clim... | 35,339 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
government in 1995. According to Emmanuel Kweku Akeampong, a Ghanaian professor of history at Harvard University, the practice of trokosi was much in the national attention in 1996 and 1997.
## Outlawed in Ghana 1998.
In 1998 the Law Reform Commission, drawing on the recommendations of Ababio and oth... | 35,340 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
in Ghana in 1998, it continued, due to fear and the reluctance of the government to interfere with traditional practices. Some NGOs had already worked to liberate shrines, but after the law did not solve the problem, NGOs began to get even more seriously involved in advocating against the practice and ... | 35,341 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
practice. Organizations that have been most active in liberating ritual slaves are FESLIM (Fetish Slaves Liberation Movement), founded by Mark Wisdom, International Needs, and Every Child Ministries. Christian NGOs and human rights organizations have been fighting it—working to end the practice and to ... | 35,342 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
meaning deity or fetish, and "kosi", meaning female slave. The "tro" deity is not, according to African traditional religion, the Creator or what might be called the "High" or Ultimate God. "Tro" refers to what African Traditional Religion calls the "small gods" or "lesser deities"—spirits of nature, e... | 35,343 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
and thus incur a lifetime obligation of servitude to the tro;
- Those allegedly called by the tro to serve as priest and priestesses of the shrine ("Tronua");
- Those who were forced to become "Trokosi" to repay the "Tro" because their family supposedly benefited from it.
- Those "Trokosi" who are s... | 35,344 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
and uncles. The trokosi is sort of a "living sacrifice," who by her suffering is thought to save the family from trouble.
Opponents of the practice claim that all except those who joined of their own volition are virtually slaves in every normal sense of the word.
NGO's point out that practices in tr... | 35,345 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
after a ritual and sometimes after months or years in the shrine, the Trokosi returns to her family, but her life is still controlled by the shrine for the rest of her life. Supporters of the practice claim that in the vast majority of cases, there is no particular stigma attached to one's status as a ... | 35,346 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
a Christian NGO that has done much research on the topic, lists these as variations that they have observed in their work:
## Entry age of the participants.
Most frequently those in ritual servitude are young virgin girls at the time of entry into the shrine. Of course, the girls grow up, so where th... | 35,347 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
have no hope of ever getting free unless outsiders intervene on their behalf. In some shrines, in some areas, and for some alleged crimes, the service is limited to a specific number of years. In other cases, a substantial fee is exacted from the shrine slave or her family. The girls work to try to ear... | 35,348 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
since it is a permanent condition. The temporary part only gives the slave permission to live outside the shrine temporarily. All the important decisions of her life are still controlled by the shrine, she is still at the beck and call of the priest, and she has to serve at the annual festival of the g... | 35,349 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
they call "replacement." when a trokosi or vudusi dies or runs away, she has to be replaced by another virgin from the same family or clan. Some human rights interviewers report that they have interviewed numerous girls who were the third or fourth replacements for their families for a crime that was a... | 35,350 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
and meaning of the term "wives of the gods." Many trokosi and vudusi have described beatings and other severe punishments imposed on them for refusing sex with the priest. In Ghana, human rights organizations monitoring the practice of "trokosi" claim that shrine slaves often end up with an average of ... | 35,351 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
Fellowship, speaks of "ritual violation after menarche" (first menses) as the beginning of a life of coerced sex. He refers to the trokosi as "vestal virgins."
## Treatment of shrine slaves.
Treatment of girls in the shrine varies as to feeding practices, reasons for and severity of punishments, slee... | 35,352 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
and attending the images of the gods.
# Liberation of shrine slaves.
NGO's and other human rights organizations are fighting the practice. Since the 1990s, these groups have actively sought to liberate girls held in ritual servitude. Liberation has been done on a shrine-by-shrine basis, with NGO's se... | 35,353 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
trokosi begin a process of rehabilitation which usually includes learning vocational skills.
The most active groups in liberating shrine slaves through negotiated community agreements have been FESLIM, Fetish Slaves Liberation Movement, International Needs Network, and Every Child Ministries.
The fir... | 35,354 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
trokosi from three shrines of the Agave area in January 2003 and with Fetish Slaves Liberation Movement to liberate 94 shrine slaves from Aklidokpo shrine near Adidome in January 2004. They continued the effort, liberating 120 from Sovigbenor shrine in Aflao in December 2005, and 52 "yevesi" or servant... | 35,355 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
Devdasi in India and Nepal
- Sexual slavery
- Sacred prostitution
- Child slavery
# Further reading.
- Boaten, Abayie B. (2001). The "Trokosi" System in Ghana: Discrimination Against Women and Children. In Apollo Rwomire (ed.), "African Women and Children: Crisis and Response", Westport, CT: Praeg... | 35,356 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
Cantonments Communication Centre, Accra, Ghana.
- Progressive Utilization. (1995). Trokosi Part 2. "Progressive Utilization Magazine", 2(1), 1–6.
- Rouster, Lorella. (2007). "Fighting Child Slavery in West Africa," SST/GH, Fall 2007, Union Gospel Press, Cleveland, OH. See also Every Child Ministries.... | 35,357 |
4655841 | Ritual servitude | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritual%20servitude | Ritual servitude
ation Centre, Accra, Ghana.
- Progressive Utilization. (1995). Trokosi Part 2. "Progressive Utilization Magazine", 2(1), 1–6.
- Rouster, Lorella. (2007). "Fighting Child Slavery in West Africa," SST/GH, Fall 2007, Union Gospel Press, Cleveland, OH. See also Every Child Ministries.
# External links.
... | 35,358 |
4655934 | Lodi, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lodi,%20Missouri | Lodi, Missouri
Lodi, Missouri
Lodi is an unincorporated community in Wayne County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Bennett Creek just east of the St. Francis River. U.S. Route 67 passes through the community about thirteen miles northeast of Piedmont. The Coldwater Conservation Area lies to the northeast of ... | 35,359 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
Nipponosaurus
Nipponosaurus (meaning "Japanese lizard") is a lambeosaurine hadrosaur from Sinegorsk, Sakhalin Island in Russia, part of Japan at the time of naming. The type and only species is N. sachalinensis, known only from a single juvenile specimen discovered in 1934 and named in 1936, by Takumi Na... | 35,360 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
mollusc taxa, the species likely lived sometime in the upper Santonian or lower Campanian, around 80 million years ago.
# Description.
The immature holotype specimen measures roughly four meters (13 feet) in length. When it was originally described, it was considered to be an adult, because of its co-os... | 35,361 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
was correct, although they doubted the significance of some of the characters identified in the former study.
Though the quality of bone preservation is generally poor, the holotype skeleton is estimated to be 60% complete. It consists of a left maxilla and dentary, parietal, various isolated skull eleme... | 35,362 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
the construction of a hospital for the Kawakami colliery of the Mitsui Mining Company on Karafuto Prefecture (now Sinegorsk, Sakhalin, Russia). It was disarticulated when discovered. "N. sachalensis" was named and described in 1936 by Professor Takumi Nagao of the Imperial University of Hokkaido. The gene... | 35,363 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
of 1937, in which limb material pertaining to the holotype was recovered. The next year, Nagao authored a second article on the species describing these additional remains.
"Nipponosaurus" was described as a member of the Trachodontidae; however "Trachodon" is now considered an invalid "nomen dubium". Th... | 35,364 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
the remainder of the 20th century, the taxon was scarcely mentioned. While they were still considered valid species, the relationship with the supposed "cheneosaurs" "Cheneosaurus" and "Procheneosaurus" was accepted; after this it was rarely assigned past the Lambeosaurinae. A humerus from a pit near Hash... | 35,365 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
in 1989, a study noted that features of its metacarpals could indicate a basal position within the Hadrosauridae. Near the turn of the century, in 1994, a review of Japanese dinosaurs noted the incomplete nature of many Asian hadrosaurs could mean some of them, including "Nipponosaurus", maybe in fact be ... | 35,366 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
and an isolated chevron, which re-affirmed the age of the holotype.
# Classification.
## Validity.
Some authors have deemed the species a "nomen dubium", questioning its supposed diagnostic characteristics, especially in light of its presumed immature status. The validity of the taxon has therefore bee... | 35,367 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
was also cited as a reason to doubt the validity of the genus, and the problematic nature of the skull had indeed been noted before. Later, a 2017 study once again questioned the validity of the proposed diagnostic characters; however, upon a re-examination of the specimen, three new ones were put forward... | 35,368 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
later in 2007, a study providing a redescription of "Lambeosaurus magnicristatus" re-evaluated a character relating to the size of the distal ischial foot, and found this drew "Nipponosaurus" away from "H. altispinus" and into a more basal position within their Corythosaurini (now generally referred to as... | 35,369 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
accounting for characters that vary through ontogeny, instead found it to be closely related to the European taxa "Arenysaurus" and "Blasisaurus", outside of Lambeosaurini, unlike the earlier studies. Its position outside of the clade containing Parasaurolophini and Lambeosaurini was supported by the abse... | 35,370 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
in their analysis:
# Palaeoecology.
The specimen was collected from Upper Yezo Group, which was known as the Upper Ammonites Bed at the time of the original description. Because the area where it was discovered no longer belongs to Japan, follow up research has become difficult. Additionally, field note... | 35,371 |
4655723 | Nipponosaurus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipponosaurus | Nipponosaurus
d "Sphenoceramus schmidti" were also found at the locality, and these are known to hail from the lower Campanian. An age from the upper Santonian or lower Campanian is therefore likely.
Based on the sediments it was preserved in, the "Nipponosaurus" specimen is thought to have been buried in a marine set... | 35,372 |
4655947 | Gospel of Judas (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gospel%20of%20Judas%20(disambiguation) | Gospel of Judas (disambiguation)
Gospel of Judas (disambiguation)
Gospel of Judas may refer to:
- Gospel of Judas, a Gnostic gospel, the text of which was partially reconstructed in 2006
- "The Gospel According to Judas", a 2007 novel by Jeffrey Archer and Frank Moloney
- "The Judas Gospel", a novel by Peter Van Gr... | 35,373 |
4655868 | Hunter, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter,%20Missouri | Hunter, Missouri
Hunter, Missouri
Hunter is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Carter County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 168.
Hunter is located on State Highway 21 about north of the town of Grandin, and is about east of the Current River. Its post of... | 35,374 |
4655868 | Hunter, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter,%20Missouri | Hunter, Missouri
by the Missouri Lumber and Mining Company, who having a contract to establish an town, of which the Current River Railroad was to have half ownership, laid out the town at this location, naming it after John Hunter. The plat for the new town of Hunter was submitted at the Van Buren court house on Octob... | 35,375 |
4655868 | Hunter, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter,%20Missouri | Hunter, Missouri
established a logging camp and offered lots for sale, thus initiating a building boom in the newborn town.
1890 saw the establishment of the Hunter Post Office with George W. Marsh as its first postmaster. Irregularities in the running of the Hunter Post Office caused it to be closed on October 1, 190... | 35,376 |
4655868 | Hunter, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter,%20Missouri | Hunter, Missouri
the railroad leading into Hunter. The idea was to convince prospect buyers that the over-cut land was still productive. By 1902 the orchards planted around Hunter produced about 6,000 bushels of peaches in addition to other fruits. A cannery to process this fruit was established in 1903.
On March 20, ... | 35,377 |
4655868 | Hunter, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter,%20Missouri | Hunter, Missouri
repurchased the store from Gladden in 1916. The store was sold once again in 1922 to W. L. Skinner and operated under the name of Skinner & Webb Mercantile Company.
In 1912 the Munger Securities Company, a real estate company, was established, initiating a period of rapid growth in Hunter. The company... | 35,378 |
4655868 | Hunter, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter,%20Missouri | Hunter, Missouri
of the Hunter school began on September 7, 1913. Miss Eunice Pace was the school's first teacher.
Also in 1913 a second hotel was established in Hunter. The hotel was operated by Mrs. J. R. Kelley. In 1924 it was sold to W. L. Skinner.
In 1914 a grocery store operated by A. E. Richmond opened in Hunt... | 35,379 |
4655868 | Hunter, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter,%20Missouri | Hunter, Missouri
the 1915-16 school year. Norman Greene was the first superintendent of the Hunter high school. A new two-story brick building built on the southwestern side of the town was ready for use in the 1916-17 school year. Another school building was built after this, but in 1956 the Hunter school closed and c... | 35,380 |
4655868 | Hunter, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter,%20Missouri | Hunter, Missouri
was organized with a capital stock of $10,000.00. Edward B. Joy was its first and only president. In 1923 the Bank of Hunter was purchased by the Carter County State Bank and closed.
1917 also saw the establishment of the Hunter Telephone Company with Edward B. Joy as its president.
In 1920 the town ... | 35,381 |
4655943 | Hiram, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiram,%20Missouri | Hiram, Missouri
Hiram, Missouri
Hiram is an unincorporated community in eastern Wayne County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Route C between Clubb to the northwest and Lowndes to the southeast. It is located about twenty miles southwest of Marble Hill. The community is located on McCabe Creek just ... | 35,382 |
4655943 | Hiram, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiram,%20Missouri | Hiram, Missouri
C between Clubb to the northwest and Lowndes to the southeast. It is located about twenty miles southwest of Marble Hill. The community is located on McCabe Creek just north of that steam's confluence with Bear Creek.
A post office called Hiram was established in 1900, and remained in operation until 1... | 35,383 |
4655819 | Seebe, Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seebe,%20Alberta | Seebe, Alberta
Seebe, Alberta
Seebe is a former hamlet in Alberta, Canada, within the Municipal District of Bighorn No. 8. It is a former Calgary Power Company Ltd. employee townsite that was closed on August 31, 2004.
The name Seebe comes from the Cree word for river.
# Geography and Geology.
Seebe is located on t... | 35,384 |
4655819 | Seebe, Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seebe,%20Alberta | Seebe, Alberta
Kananaskis Valley to the south, Loder Peak and the Bow Valley to the west, and opening onto the prairie grasslands and the Bow Valley to the east.
The underlying substrate in the area is sedimentary interbedded shale, sandstone and limestone. At the surface, there are great areas of glacial till with ve... | 35,385 |
4655819 | Seebe, Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seebe,%20Alberta | Seebe, Alberta
formed in the early 20th century. In 1911, a hydro-electric dam was built at Horseshoe Falls. In 1929, another hydro plant and dam was built at the Kananaskis Falls. This dam is now on Highway 1X, which connects the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) with Highway 1A (the former alignment of the Trans-Canad... | 35,386 |
4655819 | Seebe, Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seebe,%20Alberta | Seebe, Alberta
coal-fired plants in the Wabamun area, west of Edmonton. The control centre at Seebe also once was the operations hub, while the head office was in Calgary.
Seebe consisted of the company store and post office next to the Kananaskis plant. There were several residences close by. There were also two resi... | 35,387 |
4655819 | Seebe, Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seebe,%20Alberta | Seebe, Alberta
attended the school.
An area of about encompassing the former townsite and dams was leased by Calgary Power from the Stoney Tribe, a member of the Treaty Seven Nations. They are now known by their own name, Nakoda. The lease area is bound by the Kananaskis River to the west, the Canadian Pacific rail li... | 35,388 |
4655819 | Seebe, Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seebe,%20Alberta | Seebe, Alberta
hamlet, operated from 29 September 1939 to 28 January 1946. Locals referred to this facility as Camp "Kan-A-Nazi". Seebe was small with a capacity of 200 prisoners of war (POWs)."
## Recent history.
Scenes from the movie "Open Range", starring and directed by Kevin Costner, were filmed on the Stony Ind... | 35,389 |
4655819 | Seebe, Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seebe,%20Alberta | Seebe, Alberta
2006/2007, a proposal emerged to redevelop the townsite as a new community, retaining the same name, with an approximately population of 5,600 people at full build-out.
An ecological and environmental research station of the University of Calgary is located nearby, on Highway 40 at Barrier Lake.
Travel... | 35,390 |
4655819 | Seebe, Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seebe,%20Alberta | Seebe, Alberta
t it is home to the world's smallest single-sheet, artificial ice curling rink. In fact, there is nothing there.
# Demographics.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Seebe recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings, no chang... | 35,391 |
4655870 | Veitch Nurseries | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veitch%20Nurseries | Veitch Nurseries
Veitch Nurseries
The Veitch Nurseries were the largest group of family-run plant nurseries in Europe during the 19th century. Started by John Veitch sometime before 1808, the original nursery grew substantially over several decades and was eventually split into two separate businesses—based at Chelsea... | 35,392 |
4655870 | Veitch Nurseries | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veitch%20Nurseries | Veitch Nurseries
able to supply a specimen for its illustration.
The firm had, by the outbreak of the First World War, introduced 1281 plants into cultivation, which were either previously unknown or newly bred varieties (see cultivars). These included 498 greenhouse plants, 232 orchids, 153 deciduous trees, shrubs an... | 35,393 |
4655870 | Veitch Nurseries | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veitch%20Nurseries | Veitch Nurseries
is named in honour of the Veitch dynasty.
The Chelsea business ceased to trade in 1914, whilst the Exeter business continued under Peter Veitch and later his daughter Mildred. She in turn sold the firm in 1969, when it was bought by St Bridget Nurseries. The business was run as a separate business for... | 35,394 |
4655870 | Veitch Nurseries | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veitch%20Nurseries | Veitch Nurseries
Lobb, Ernest Wilson and Charles Maries. The others were:
- Richard Pearce: Visited Chile, Peru and Bolivia from 1859 to 1866
- John Gould Veitch: Visited Japan, South Sea Islands and Australia from 1860 to 1870
- David Bowman: Visited Brazil in 1866
- Henry Hutton: Visited Java and the Malay Archip... | 35,395 |
4655870 | Veitch Nurseries | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veitch%20Nurseries | Veitch Nurseries
1872 to 1874
- Walter Davis: Visited South America from 1873 to 1876
- Peter Veitch: Visited Australia, South Sea Islands and Borneo from 1875 to 1878
- Guillermo Kalbreyer: Visited West Coast of Africa and Colombia from 1876 to 1881
- Christopher Mudd: Visited South Africa in 1877
- F. W. Burbrid... | 35,396 |
4655870 | Veitch Nurseries | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veitch%20Nurseries | Veitch Nurseries
s and Borneo from 1875 to 1878
- Guillermo Kalbreyer: Visited West Coast of Africa and Colombia from 1876 to 1881
- Christopher Mudd: Visited South Africa in 1877
- F. W. Burbridge: Visited Borneo from 1877 to 1878
- Charles Curtis: Visited Madagascar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and the Moluccas from 18... | 35,397 |
4655959 | Lowndes, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lowndes,%20Missouri | Lowndes, Missouri
Lowndes, Missouri
Lowndes is an unincorporated community in eastern Wayne County, Missouri, United States. It is located about twenty miles southwest of Marble Hill along Missouri Route E. Bear Creek flows past the north side of the community and Barnes Creek is just east of the community.
A post of... | 35,398 |
4655964 | Oakridge Centre | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oakridge%20Centre | Oakridge Centre
Oakridge Centre
Oakridge Centre (and formerly known as "Oakridge Mall") is a shopping centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the intersection of West 41st Avenue and Cambie Street.
It was originally opened in 1959 by Woodward's Stores which anchored the centre until it was sol... | 35,399 |
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