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12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
William Godwin considered education an important aspect. He was against state education as he considered those schools as a way of the state to replicate privileges of the ruling class. Godwin thought that education was the way to change the world. In his "Political Justice", he criticises state sponsored sch... | 400 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
Catholic Church. Ferrer's approach was secular, rejecting both the state and church involvement in the educational process and gave pupils plenty of autonomy (i.e. on setting the curriculum). Ferrer was aiming to educate the working class. The school closed after constant harassment by the state and Ferrer wa... | 401 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
He thought that "[e]ducation is the tendency of one man to make another just like himself. [...] Education is culture under restraint, culture is free. [Education is] when the teaching is forced upon the pupil, and when then instruction is exclusive, that is when only those subjects are taught which the educa... | 402 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
in practice. However, although Summerhill and other free schools are radically libertarian, they differ in principle from those of Ferrer by not advocating an overtly political class struggle-approach. In addition to organising schools according to libertarian principles, anarchists have also questioned the c... | 403 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
and it is illegitimate regardless of political tendencies. Instead of people being able to control the aspects of their life, major decisions are taken by a small elite. Authority ultimately rests solely on power regardless if it is open or transparent as it still has the ability to coerce people. Another ana... | 404 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
towards violence have always been perplexed and controversial. On one hand, anarcho-pacifists point out the unity of means and ends. On the other hand, other groups of anarchist are for direct action that can include sabotage or even terrorism. Emma Goldman and Errico Malatesta, who were proponents of limited... | 405 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
would probably end in another authoritarian institute.
# Anarchist strategies and tactics.
Anarchist tactics vary considerably. A broad categorization would be the preference of revolutionary tactics to destroy oppressive States and institutions or aiming to change society through evolutionary means. Revolu... | 406 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
form of self-managing their lives through the creation of counterinstitutions such as communes and non-hierarchical collectives. Often decision-making is handled in an anti-authoritarian way, with everyone having equal say in each decision, an approach known as horizontalism. Another aspect of anarchist tacti... | 407 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
includes allegations of utopianism, tacit authoritarianism and vandalism towards feats of civilization.
## Allegation of utopianism.
Anarchism is evaluated as unfeasible or utopian by its critics, often in general and formal debate. European history professor Carl Landauer argued that social anarchism is un... | 408 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
for example, the use of juries, mutual third parties, or community and workplace assemblies". It also states that "some sort of 'court' system would still be necessary to deal with the remaining crimes and to adjudicate disputes between citizens".
## Tacit authoritarianism.
The anarchist tendency known as p... | 409 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
the end, it is argued that authority in any form is a natural occurrence which should not be abolished.
# List of anarchist societies.
- Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto (Fejuve; 1979–present)
- Popular Indigenous Council of Oaxaca "Ricardo Flores Magón" (CIPO-RFM; 1980s–present)
- Barbacha (20... | 410 |
12 | Anarchism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism | Anarchism
gón" (CIPO-RFM; 1980s–present)
- Barbacha (2001–present)
- Villa de Zaachila (2006–present)
- Cheran (2011–present)
- Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (Rojava; 2013–present)
# See also.
- Governance without government
- Libertarian socialism
- List of anarchist political ideologies
## Foundati... | 411 |
157629 | Swing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swing | Swing
Swing
Swing or swinging may refer to:
# Apparatus.
- Swing (seat), a hanging seat that swings back and forth
- Russian swing, a swing-like circus apparatus
- Sex swing, a type of harness for sexual intercourse
- Swing ride, an amusement park ride consisting of suspended seats that rotate like a merry-go-rou... | 412 |
157629 | Swing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swing | Swing
and labels.
- Swing (Canadian band), a Canadian néo-trad band
- Swing (Hong Kong band), a Hong Kong pop music group
- Swing Time Records, a record label
### Albums.
- "The Swing" (INXS album), a 1984 album by Australian rock band INXS
- "Swing" (The Manhattan Transfer album), 1997 album by The Manhattan Tra... | 413 |
157629 | Swing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swing | Swing
Swing" (song), 1997, by American country music artist James Bonamy
- "Swing, Swing", 2003, by the All-American Rejects
- "Swing", 1980, by Japan from the album "Gentlemen Take Polaroids"
- "Swing", 2015, by Knuckle Puck from the album "Copacetic"
- "Swing", 2012, by Parkway Drive from the album "Atlas"
- "Sw... | 414 |
157629 | Swing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swing | Swing
(musical), a 1999 Broadway musical
- "Swing" (video game), a 1997 video game for the PC and PlayStation
- Swing, an understudy in the musical theatre who prepares several roles
- "The Swing" (painting), a 1767 rococo painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard
# Politics.
- Swing (politics), the extent of change in vo... | 415 |
157629 | Swing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swing | Swing
a type of punch
- Baseball swing, the process of hitting a ball with a bat in the game of baseball
- Golf swing or golf stroke mechanics, the means by which golfers analyze the execute their shots in the sport of golf
- Swing bowling, a subtype of fast bowling in cricket
# Transportation.
- Aquilair Swing, a... | 416 |
157629 | Swing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swing | Swing
ench ultralight trike aircraft design
- S-Wing Swing, light sport aircraft designed and built in the Czech Republic
- Swing Bike, a bicycle where both front and rear wheels are steerable
- Swing Flugsportgeräte, German aircraft manufacturer
# Other uses.
- Swing (Java), a GUI widget toolkit for the Java prog... | 417 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
Achilles
In Greek mythology, Achilles or Achilleus ( ; , "Achilleus" ) was a hero of the Trojan War, the greatest of all the Greek warriors, and is the central character of Homer's "Iliad". He was the son of the Nereid Thetis and Peleus, king of Phthia.
Achilles' most notable feat during the Trojan War was t... | 418 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
all of his body except for his heel because, when his mother Thetis dipped him in the river Styx as an infant, she held him by one of his heels. Alluding to these legends, the term "Achilles' heel" has come to mean a point of weakness, especially in someone or something with an otherwise strong constitution. T... | 419 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
in the fourth century BC (IG II² 1617) and, in the form "Achillia", on a stele in Halicarnassus as the name of a female gladiator fighting an "Amazon".
Achilles' name can be analyzed as a combination of (') "distress, pain, sorrow, grief" and (') "people, soldiers, nation", resulting in a proto-form "*Akhí-lā... | 420 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
by Gregory Nagy, following Leonard Palmer, to mean "a corps of soldiers", a muster. With this derivation, the name obtains a double meaning in the poem: when the hero is functioning rightly, his men bring distress to the enemy, but when wrongly, his men get the grief of war. The poem is in part about the misdi... | 421 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
pointed" also gave Greek ἀκή ("akḗ" "point, silence, healing"), ἀκμή ("akmḗ" "point, edge, zenith") and ὀξύς ("oxús" "sharp, pointed, keen, quick, clever"), whereas ἄχος stems from the root "*h₂egʰ-" "to be upset, afraid". The whole expression would be comparable to the Latin "acupedius" "swift of foot". Compa... | 422 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
even more frequently, πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς ("pódas ōkús Achilleús" "quick-footed Achilles").
Some researchers deem the name a loan word, possibly from a Pre-Greek language. Achilles' descent from the Nereid Thetis and a similarity of his name with those of river deities such as Acheron and Achelous have led to... | 423 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
the Myrmidons. Zeus and Poseidon had been rivals for the hand of Thetis until Prometheus, the fore-thinker, warned Zeus of a prophecy (originally uttered by Themis, goddess of divine law) that Thetis would bear a son greater than his father. For this reason, the two gods withdrew their pursuit, and had her wed... | 424 |
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explaining her resistance to the advances of Zeus. Zeus was furious and decreed that she would never marry an immortal.
According to the "Achilleid", written by Statius in the 1st century AD, and to non-surviving previous sources, when Achilles was born Thetis tried to make him immortal by dipping him in the ... | 425 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
abandoned both father and son in a rage.
However, none of the sources before Statius make any reference to this general invulnerability. To the contrary, in the "Iliad" Homer mentions Achilles being wounded: in Book 21 the Paeonian hero Asteropaeus, son of Pelagon, challenged Achilles by the river Scamander. ... | 426 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
weakness at the heel; in the later vase paintings presenting the death of Achilles, the arrow (or in many cases, arrows) hit his torso.
Peleus entrusted Achilles to Chiron the Centaur, on Mount Pelion, to be reared. Thetis foretold that her son's fate was either to gain glory and die young, or to live a long ... | 427 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
tore him from the flames with only a burnt foot, and confided him to the centaur Chiron. Later Chiron exhumed the body of the Damysus, who was the fastest of all the giants, removed the ankle, and incorporated it into Achilles' burnt foot.
## Other names.
Among the appellations under which Achilles is genera... | 428 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
called Cremaste), a town of Thessaly, which still bears the same name
- Ligyron, his original name
- Nereius, from his mother Thetis, one of the Nereids
- Pelides, from his father, Peleus
- Phthius, from his birthplace, Phthia
## Hidden on Skyros.
Some post-Homeric sources claim that in order to keep Ach... | 429 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
after his father's possible alias). According to this story, Odysseus learns from the prophet Calchas that the Achaeans would be unable to capture Troy without Achilles' aid. Odysseus goes to Skyros in the guise of a peddler selling women's clothes and jewellery and places a shield and spear among his goods. W... | 430 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
Achilles arrived at Troy with 50 ships, each carrying 50 Myrmidons. He appointed five leaders (each leader commanding 500 Myrmidons): Menesthius, Eudorus, Peisander, Phoenix and Alcimedon.
## Telephus.
When the Greeks left for the Trojan War, they accidentally stopped in Mysia, ruled by King Telephus. In the... | 431 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
and asked Achilles to heal his wound. Achilles refused, claiming to have no medical knowledge. Alternatively, Telephus held Orestes for ransom, the ransom being Achilles' aid in healing the wound. Odysseus reasoned that the spear had inflicted the wound; therefore, the spear must be able to heal it. Pieces of ... | 432 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
capture the queen Briseis) and killed Tenes, a son of Apollo, as well as Priam's son Troilus in the sanctuary of Apollo Thymbraios. However, the romance between Troilus and Chryseis described in Geoffrey Chaucer's "Troilus and Criseyde" and in William Shakespeare's "Troilus and Cressida" is a medieval inventio... | 433 |
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a "horse fighter" or "chariot fighter" according to Homer. Prophecies linked Troilus' fate to that of Troy and so he was ambushed in an attempt to capture him. Yet Achilles, struck by the beauty of both Troilus and his sister Polyxena, and overcome with lust, directed his sexual attentions on the youth – who, ... | 434 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
Had Troilus lived to adulthood, the First Vatican Mythographer claimed, Troy would have been invincible.
## In the "Iliad".
Homer's "Iliad" is the most famous narrative of Achilles' deeds in the Trojan War. Achilles' wrath (μῆνις Ἀχιλλέως, "mênis Achilléōs") is the central theme of the poem. The first two li... | 435 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
refuses, and Apollo sends a plague amongst the Greeks. The prophet Calchas correctly determines the source of the troubles but will not speak unless Achilles vows to protect him. Achilles does so, and Calchas declares that Chryseis must be returned to her father. Agamemnon consents, but then commands that Achi... | 436 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
prays to Thetis to convince Zeus to help the Trojans gain ground in the war, so that he may regain his honour.
As the battle turns against the Greeks, thanks to the influence of Zeus, Nestor declares that the Trojans are winning because Agamemnon has angered Achilles, and urges the king to appease the warrior... | 437 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
forces on the verge of absolute destruction, Patroclus leads the Myrmidons into battle, wearing Achilles' armour, though Achilles remains at his camp. Patroclus succeeds in pushing the Trojans back from the beaches, but is killed by Hector before he can lead a proper assault on the city of Troy.
After receivi... | 438 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
detail in the poem.
Enraged over the death of Patroclus, Achilles ends his refusal to fight and takes the field, killing many men in his rage but always seeking out Hector. Achilles even engages in battle with the river god Scamander, who has become angry that Achilles is choking his waters with all the men h... | 439 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
the wall of Troy three times before Athena, in the form of Hector's favorite and dearest brother, Deiphobus, persuades Hector to stop running and fight Achilles face to face. After Hector realizes the trick, he knows the battle is inevitable. Wanting to go down fighting, he charges at Achilles with his only we... | 440 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
heels behind his chariot. After having a dream where Patroclus begs Achilles to hold his funeral, Achilles hosts a series of funeral games in his honour.
At the onset of his duel with Hector, Achilles is referred to as the brightest star in the sky, which comes on in the autumn, Orion's dog (Sirius); a sign o... | 441 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
he can be buried. Achilles relents and promises a truce for the duration of the funeral, lasting 9 days with a burial on the 10th (in the tradition of Niobe's offspring). The poem ends with a description of Hector's funeral, with the doom of Troy and Achilles himself still to come.
### fighting Penthesilea a... | 442 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
grieve over her death later. At first, he was so distracted by her beauty, he did not fight as intensely as usual. Once he realized that his distraction was endangering his life, he refocused and killed her.
Following the death of Patroclus, Nestor's son Antilochus becomes Achilles' closest companion. When Me... | 443 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
Homeric scholars argued that episode inspired many details in the "Iliad"s description of the death of Patroclus and Achilles' reaction to it. The episode then formed the basis of the cyclic epic "Aethiopis", which was composed after the "Iliad", possibly in the 7th century BC. The "Aethiopis" is now lost, exc... | 444 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
no direct evidence in the text of the "Iliad" that Achilles and Patroclus were lovers, this theory was expressed by some later authors. Commentators from classical antiquity to the present have often interpreted the relationship through the lens of their own cultures. In 5th-century BC Athens, the intense bond... | 445 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
that a man could both desire handsome young men and have sex with women. Many pairs of men throughout history have been compared to Achilles and Patroclus to imply a homosexual relationship.
## Death.
The death of Achilles, even if considered solely as it occurred in the oldest sources, is a complex one, wit... | 446 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
any sort of valour, owing to the common conception that Paris was a coward and not the man his brother Hector was, and Achilles remained undefeated on the battlefield. His bones were mingled with those of Patroclus, and funeral games were held. He was represented in the "Aethiopis" as living after his death in... | 447 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
and Achilles, Paris, who would have to give up Helen if Achilles married his sister, hides in the bushes and shoots Achilles with a divine arrow, killing him.
In the "Odyssey", Agamemnon informs Achilles of his pompous burial and the erection of his mound at the Hellespont while they are receiving the dead su... | 448 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
One of these is Achilles, who when greeted as "blessed in life, blessed in death", responds that he would rather be a slave to the worst of masters than be king of all the dead. But Achilles then asks Odysseus of his son's exploits in the Trojan war, and when Odysseus tells of Neoptolemus' heroic actions, Achi... | 449 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
was the object of a feud between Odysseus and Telamonian Ajax (Ajax the greater). They competed for it by giving speeches on why they were the bravest after Achilles to their Trojan prisoners, who after considering both men, decided Odysseus was more deserving of the armour. Furious, Ajax cursed Odysseus, whic... | 450 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
to be Achilles' bronze-headed spear was for centuries preserved in the temple of Athena on the acropolis of Phaselis, Lycia, a port on the Pamphylian Gulf. The city was visited in 333 BC by Alexander the Great, who envisioned himself as the new Achilles and carried the "Iliad" with him, but his court biographe... | 451 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
The Trojans attacked and reached the heroes, who were saved only by an intervention of Athena.
# Worship and heroic cult.
The tomb of Achilles, extant throughout antiquity in Troad, was venerated by Thessalians, but also by Persian expeditionary forces, as well as by Alexander the Great and the Roman emperor... | 452 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
where the sacrifice of Polixena near the tumulus of Achilles is depicted. Strabo (13.1.32) also suggested that such a cult of Achilles existed in Troad:
The spread and intensity of the hero's veneration among the Greeks that had settled on the northern coast of the Pontus Euxinus, today's Black Sea, appears t... | 453 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
the area of Berezan Island and the Tauric Chersonese) attest the existence of a heroic cult of Achilles from the sixth century BC onwards. The cult was still thriving in the third century AD, when dedicatory stelae from Olbia refer to an "Achilles Pontárchēs" (Ποντάρχης, roughly "lord of the Sea," or "of the P... | 454 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
somewhat nearby Olbia and the Dnieper-Bug Estuary; furthermore, at 125 Roman miles from this island, he places a peninsula "which stretches forth in the shape of a sword" obliquely, called "Dromos Achilleos" (Ἀχιλλέως δρόμος, "Achilléōs drómos" "the Race-course of Achilles") and considered the place of the her... | 455 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
c. 120 km, whereas the spit measures c. 70 km today.)
In the following chapter of his book, Pliny refers to the same island as "Achillea" and introduces two further names for it: "Leuce" or "Macaron" (from Greek [νῆσος] μακαρῶν "island of the blest"). The "present day" measures, he gives at this point, seem t... | 456 |
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by Captain Kritzikly in 1823 on Snake Island. A second exploration in 1840 showed that the construction of a lighthouse had destroyed all traces of this temple. A fifth century BC black-glazed lekythos inscription, found on the island in 1840, reads: "Glaukos, son of Poseidon, dedicated me to Achilles, lord of... | 457 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
to an account from the lost epic "Aethiopis" according to which, after his untimely death, Thetis had snatched her son from the funeral pyre and removed him to a mythical Λεύκη Νῆσος ("Leúkē Nêsos" "White Island"). Already in the fifth century BC, Pindar had mentioned a cult of Achilles on a "bright island" (φ... | 458 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
the stream Oceanus which according to Greek mythology surrounds the inhabited world, which should have accounted for the identification of the northern strands of the Euxine with it. Guy Hedreen has found further evidence for this connection of Achilles with the northern margin of the inhabited world in a poem... | 459 |
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first century AD, wrote that the island was called "Leuce" "because the wild animals which live there are white. It is said that there, in Leuce island, reside the souls of Achilles and other heroes, and that they wander through the uninhabited valleys of this island; this is how Jove rewarded the men who had ... | 460 |
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a reputation as a place of healing. Pausanias reports that the Delphic Pythia sent a lord of Croton to be cured of a chest wound. Ammianus Marcellinus attributes the healing to waters ("aquae") on the island.
A number of important commercial port cities of the Greek waters were dedicated to Achilles. Herodotu... | 461 |
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in the names of Aquileia and of the northern arm of the Danube delta, called Chilia (presumably from an older "Achileii"), though his conclusion, that Leuce had sovereign rights over the Black Sea, evokes modern rather than archaic sea-law.
The kings of Epirus claimed to be descended from Achilles through his... | 462 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
tumulus.
# Reception during antiquity.
## In Greek tragedy.
The Greek tragedian Aeschylus wrote a trilogy of plays about Achilles, given the title "Achilleis" by modern scholars. The tragedies relate the deeds of Achilles during the Trojan War, including his defeat of Hector and eventual death when an arrow... | 463 |
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only a few lines survive today. In Plato's "Symposium", Phaedrus points out that Aeschylus portrayed Achilles as the lover and Patroclus as the beloved; Phaedrus argues that this is incorrect because Achilles, being the younger and more beautiful of the two, was the beloved, who loved his lover so much that he... | 464 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
philosopher Zeno of Elea centred one of his paradoxes on an imaginary footrace between "swift-footed" Achilles and a tortoise, by which he attempted to show that Achilles could not catch up to a tortoise with a head start, and therefore that motion and change were impossible. As a student of the monist Parmeni... | 465 |
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such as Catullus, Propertius, and Ovid, represent a second strand of disparagement, with an emphasis on Achilles' erotic career. This strand continues in Latin accounts of the Trojan War by writers such as Dictys Cretensis and Dares Phrygius and in Benoît de Sainte-Maure's "Roman de Troie" and Guido delle Colo... | 466 |
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literature and arts.
## Literature.
- Achilles appears in Dante's "Inferno" (composed 1308–1320). He is seen in Hell's second circle, that of lust.
- Achilles is portrayed as a former hero who has become lazy and devoted to the love of Patroclus, in William Shakespeare's "Troilus and Cressida" (1602).
- Th... | 467 |
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poet Stanisław Wyspiański published a national drama, based on Polish history, named "Achilles".
- In 1921, Edward Shanks published "The Island of Youth and Other Poems", concerned among others with Achilles.
- The 1983 novel "Kassandra" by Christa Wolf also treats the death of Achilles.
- Akhilles is kille... | 468 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
character Achilles in "Ender's Shadow" (1999), by Orson Scott Card, shares his namesake's cunning mind and ruthless attitude.
- Achilles is one of the main characters in Dan Simmons's novels "Ilium" (2003) and "Olympos" (2005).
- Achilles is a major supporting character in David Gemmell's "Troy" series of bo... | 469 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
novel, "The Song of Achilles" (2011), which won the 2012 Orange Prize for Fiction. The novel explores the relationship between Patroclus and Achilles from boyhood to the fateful events of the "Iliad".
- Achilles appears in the light novel series "Fate/Apocrypha" (2012–2014) as the Rider of Red.
- Achilles is... | 470 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
of works on the life of Achilles, comprising the titles: "Thetis dipping the infant Achilles into the river Styx", "Achilles educated by the centaur Chiron", "Achilles recognized among the daughters of Lycomedes", "The wrath of Achilles", "The death of Hector", "Thetis receiving the arms of Achilles from Vulca... | 471 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
Rage of Achilles" is a fresco by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1757, Villa Valmarana ai Nani, Vicenza).
- Eugène Delacroix painted a version of "The Education of Achilles" for the ceiling of the Paris Palais Bourbon (1833–1847), one of the seats of the French Parliament.
- created a statue group "Achilles and P... | 472 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
"Achille e Deidamia" (Naples 1698) is an opera, composed by Alessandro Scarlatti.
- "Achilles" (London 1733) is a ballad opera, written by John Gay, parodied by Thomas Arne as "Achilles in petticoats" in 1773.
- "Achille in Sciro" is a libretto by Metastasio, composed by Domenico Sarro for the inauguration o... | 473 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
(Palermo 1781) and many others. It has also been set to music as "Il Trionfo della gloria".
- "Achille" (Vienna 1801) is an opera by Ferdinando Paër on a libretto by Giovanni de Gamerra.
- "Achille à Scyros" (Paris 1804) is a ballet by Pierre Gardel, composed by Luigi Cherubini.
- "Achilles, oder Das zerstö... | 474 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
in Eight Parts" is the first song on the 1992 Manowar album "The Triumph of Steel".
- "Achilles Come Down" is a song on the 2017 Gang of Youths album "Go Farther in Lightness".
## Film and television.
In films Achilles has been portrayed in the following films and television series:
- The 1924 film "Helena... | 475 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
The 2018 TV series "" by David Gyasi
## Architecture.
In 1890, Elisabeth of Bavaria, Empress of Austria, had a summer palace built in Corfu. The building is named the "Achilleion", after Achilles. Its paintings and statuary depict scenes from the Trojan War, with particular focus on Achilles.
# Namesakes.
... | 476 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
First World War.
- HMNZS "Achilles" was a "Leander"-class cruiser which served with the Royal New Zealand Navy in World War II. It became famous for its part in the Battle of the River Plate, alongside and . In addition to earning the battle honour 'River Plate', HMNZS Achilles also served at Guadalcanal 1942... | 477 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
Greco", edd. Bruno Gentili and Giuseppe Paione. Rome: Edizione dell'Ateneo e Bizzarri.
- Anthony Edwards (1985a), "Achilles in the Underworld: Iliad, Odyssey, and Æthiopis". "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies". 26: pp. 215–227.
- Anthony Edwards (1985b), "Achilles in the Odyssey: Ideologies of Heroism in t... | 478 |
305 | Achilles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achilles | Achilles
lassical Studies". 19.
- Gregory Nagy (1999), "The Best of The Acheans: Concepts of the Hero in Archaic Greek Poetry". Johns Hopkins University Press (revised edition, online).
- Dale S. Sinos (1991), "The Entry of Achilles into Greek Epic", Ph. D. thesis, Johns Hopkins University. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Unive... | 479 |
157647 | Albert of Aix | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert%20of%20Aix | Albert of Aix
Albert of Aix
Albert of Aix(-la-Chapelle) or Albert of Aachen ("floruit" circa AD 1100), historian of the First Crusade, was born during the later part of the 11th century, and afterwards became canon (priest) and "custos" (guardian) of the church of Aachen.
Nothing else is known of his life except that... | 480 |
157647 | Albert of Aix | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert%20of%20Aix | Albert of Aix
abruptly in 1121.
The "Historia" was well known during the Middle Ages, and was largely used by William, archbishop of Tyre, for the first six books of his "Belli sacri historia". In modern times, it was accepted unreservedly for many years by most historians, including Edward Gibbon. In more recent time... | 481 |
157647 | Albert of Aix | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert%20of%20Aix | Albert of Aix
Unlike many other chronicles of the First Crusade, Albert did not rely on the Gesta Francorum, but used his own independent interviews; he may also have had access to the Chanson d'Antioche, as his work shares textual similarities with that poem. The first edition of the history was published at Helmstedt... | 482 |
157647 | Albert of Aix | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert%20of%20Aix | Albert of Aix
ir sources: essays presented to Bernard Hamilton" ed. John France, William G. Zajac (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998) pp. 23–37.
- Albert of Aachen, "Historia Ierosolimitana", ed. and trans. S. Edgington (Oxford: Oxford Medieval Texts, 2007).
# Bibliography.
- Albert of Aachen, "Albert of Aachen's History of ... | 483 |
157639 | Godfrey of Bouillon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godfrey%20of%20Bouillon | Godfrey of Bouillon
Godfrey of Bouillon
Godfrey of Bouillon (, , , ; 18 September 1060 – 18 July 1100) was a Frankish knight and one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until its conclusion in 1099. He was the Lord of Bouillon, from which he took his byname, from 1076 and the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1087... | 484 |
157639 | Godfrey of Bouillon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godfrey%20of%20Bouillon | Godfrey of Bouillon
"Crusader King".
# Early life.
Godfrey of Bouillon was born around 1060 as the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida, daughter of the Lotharingian duke Godfrey the Bearded by his first wife, Doda.
His birthplace was probably Boulogne-sur-Mer, although one 13th-century chronicler ci... | 485 |
157639 | Godfrey of Bouillon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godfrey%20of%20Bouillon | Godfrey of Bouillon
was an important one at the time, serving as a buffer between the kingdom of France and the German lands.
In fact, Lower Lorraine was so important to the German kingdom and the Holy Roman Empire that Henry IV, the German king and future emperor (reigned 1084–1105), decided in 1076 that he would pla... | 486 |
157639 | Godfrey of Bouillon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godfrey%20of%20Bouillon | Godfrey of Bouillon
Italy when Henry IV actually took Rome away from the pope.
A major test of Godfrey’s leadership skills was shown in his battles to defend his inheritance against a significant array of enemies. In 1076 he had succeeded as designated heir to the Lotharingian lands of his uncle, Godfrey the Hunchback... | 487 |
157639 | Godfrey of Bouillon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godfrey%20of%20Bouillon | Godfrey of Bouillon
enemies tried to take away portions of his land, Godfrey's brothers, Eustace and Baldwin, both came to his aid. Following these long struggles and proving that he was a loyal subject to Henry IV, Godfrey finally won back his duchy of Lower Lorraine in 1087. Still, Godfrey's influence in the German k... | 488 |
157639 | Godfrey of Bouillon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godfrey%20of%20Bouillon | Godfrey of Bouillon
of knights to fight in the Holy Land as the Army of Godfrey of Bouillon. In this he was joined by his older brother, Eustace, and his younger brother, Baldwin, who had no lands in Europe. He was not the only major nobleman to gather such an army. Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, also known as Raymond ... | 489 |
157639 | Godfrey of Bouillon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godfrey%20of%20Bouillon | Godfrey of Bouillon
Count of Flanders.
Each of these armies travelled separately: some went southeast across Europe through Hungary and others sailed across the Adriatic Sea from southern Italy. Pope Urban II's call for the crusade had aroused the Catholic populace and spurred antisemitism. In the People's Crusade, be... | 490 |
157639 | Godfrey of Bouillon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godfrey%20of%20Bouillon | Godfrey of Bouillon
ad aroused the Catholic populace and spurred antisemitism. In the People's Crusade, beginning in the spring and early summer of 1096, bands of peasants and low-ranking knights set off early for Jerusalem on their own, and persecuted Jews during the Rhineland massacres. Godfrey, along with his two br... | 491 |
157636 | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clausthal-Zellerfeld | Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Clausthal-Zellerfeld is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located in the southwestern part of the Harz mountains. Its population is approximately 15,000. The City is the location of the Clausthal University of Technology. The health resort is located in the Upper Harz at ... | 492 |
157636 | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clausthal-Zellerfeld | Clausthal-Zellerfeld
depression between Clausthal and Zellerfeld marks a natural "borderline".
Southwest extends the "Small Clausthal valley".
## City districts.
- Altenau-Schulenberg im Oberharz (since 2015)
- Buntenbock (since 1972)
- Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Wildemann (since 2015)
# History.
Clausthal-Zellerfe... | 493 |
157636 | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clausthal-Zellerfeld | Clausthal-Zellerfeld
area began in the 16th century. Modern wire rope was invented to service the iron mines in the 1830s by the German mining engineer Wilhelm Albert in the years between 1831 and 1834 for use in mining in the Harz Mountains in Clausthal. It was quickly accepted because it proved superior to ropes made... | 494 |
157636 | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clausthal-Zellerfeld | Clausthal-Zellerfeld
1930 because the ore deposits were exhausted. Today, there are large remains of mines in the surrounding Harz region, some of which are now museums. The railway line was closed in 1976. The former railway station, which was rebuilt from 1961-1963 after being destroyed in 1944, houses the tourist in... | 495 |
157636 | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clausthal-Zellerfeld | Clausthal-Zellerfeld
UWG: 2 seats (independent electors community)
# Culture and sights.
- Oberharzer Wasserwirschaft (Upper Harz Water Management)
## Museums.
- Upper Harz Mining Museum
- GeoMuseum of Clausthal University of Technology
## Buildings.
- Plants of Upper Harz Water Regale
- Market Church in Claust... | 496 |
157636 | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clausthal-Zellerfeld | Clausthal-Zellerfeld
1944 and rebuilt 1961-63
- House where Robert Koch was born
# Persons.
## People from Clausthal-Zellerfeld.
- Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf (1695-1777), printer and publisher
- Heinrich Halfeld (1797-1873), engineer
- Carl Adolf Riebeck (1821-1883), industrialist and mining entrepreneur
- Rob... | 497 |
157636 | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clausthal-Zellerfeld | Clausthal-Zellerfeld
nary
- Dietrich Grönemeyer (born 1952), physician
- Daniel Böhm (born 1986), biathlete
## Notable people associated with Clausthal-Zellerfeld.
- Georg Philipp Telemann (1681–1767), composer
- Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann (1782–1859), mineralogist
- Wilhelm Albert (1787–1846), mining admin... | 498 |
157652 | Subhuman Race | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subhuman%20Race | Subhuman Race
Subhuman Race
Subhuman Race (stylized sUBHUMAN rACE) is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Skid Row, released on March 28, 1995, by Atlantic Records. This is the last Skid Row album with singer Sebastian Bach and drummer Rob Affuso, and the last one to be released on Atlantic. It is rega... | 499 |
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