wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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11369420 | Hickman (surname) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hickman%20(surname) | Hickman (surname)
Hickman (surname)
Hickman, or Hickmann (see below), is a surname, and may refer to:
- Albert Edgar Hickman (1875-1943), Canadian politician
- Alfred Hickman (disambiguation)
- Anton Leo Hickmann (1834-1906), Czech geographer
- Arthur George Hickman (1886-1930), American bandleader and jazz pionee... | 42,100 |
11369420 | Hickman (surname) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hickman%20(surname) | Hickman (surname)
Henry Hickman, nineteenth century politician from Missouri
- Henry Hickman (disambiguation)
- Howard C. Hickman
- "Jay Hickman (disambiguation)"
- "Jim Hickman (disambiguation)"
- Jim Hickman (1960s outfielder) (1937-2016), MLB player, 1962–1974
- Jim Hickman (1910s outfielder) (1882–1958), MLB ... | 42,101 |
11369420 | Hickman (surname) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hickman%20(surname) | Hickman (surname)
ambassador to Chile, 1982–1987, also an author
- John W. Hickman, American politician from Utah
- John Hickman, Civil War Confederate general
- Jonathan Hickman, American comic book writer and artist
- James Hickman
- Leo Hickman, journalist with "The Guardian"
- Mark Hickman
- Martha Whitmore ... | 42,102 |
11369420 | Hickman (surname) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hickman%20(surname) | Hickman (surname)
r killed in the War of 1812 for whom Hickman County, Kentucky is named
- Richard Hickman, fifth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky
- Ricky Hickman, basketball player
- Ron Hickman, inventor
- Russell O. Hickman, American politician
- Sara Hickman, singer
- Stephen Hickman
- Thomas Alexander Hickma... | 42,103 |
11369376 | Kolonos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kolonos | Kolonos
Kolonos
Kolonos (, ) is a densely populated working-class district of the Municipality of Athens. It is named after the ancient deme, Hippeios Colonus.
The district hosts a multi-year football club, Attikos F.C., that was founded in 1919.
# History.
Kolonos is the site of ancient Colonus, a deme of ancient ... | 42,104 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
Surfactant protein B
Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonary surfactant. Without it, the lung would not be able to inflate after a deep breath out. It rearranges lipid molecules in the fluid lining the lung so that tiny air sacs in the lung, called alveoli,... | 42,105 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
proteinosis (CAP) was identified by Kattan et al. Many SNP's have been identified in relation to lung conditions. They have been correlated to severe influenza, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation necessity, and more.
# Protein.
Surfactant protein B (SP-B) is a small pr... | 42,106 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
together and form what is called a homodimer. These are found embedded into membranes and other lipid structures, SP-B is a highly hydrophobic, avoiding contact with water.
SP-B is the mature form of a large precursor protein called proSP-B. Synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum of type II pneu... | 42,107 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
with negative charges and facilitating either the fusion or lysis (breaking) of the membrane. More well known proteins in this family include saposin-C, NK-lysin, and amoebopore.
# Function.
SP-B plays a critical role in the functioning of healthy lungs, and its absence inevitably leads to lung c... | 42,108 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
between the fluid lining and the inhaled gas (gas/fluid interface) in alveoli determines the motion of the alveoli as a whole. According to Lapace's Law, high surface tension in the gas/fluid interface of alveoli prevents the alveoli from inflating, which causes lung collapse. lipid arrangement in ... | 42,109 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
be most needed on this surface (Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) does not easily move to the gas/fluid interface, but SP-B helps ease and speed up this process.
SP-B also indirectly reduces surface tension by organizing the lipids underneath the surface of the gas/fluid interface in structures call... | 42,110 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
interferes with attractive forces between water molecules. This disruption in the cohesion of water minimizes further the surface tension at the gas/fluid interface.
## Formation of lamellar bodies.
Lamellar bodies are groups of lipids and protein that are structurally similar to tubular myelin, ... | 42,111 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
for making pulmonary surfactant (see below)
## SP-B Deficiencies and Issues.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory syncytial virus infection, familial lung disease, and pneumocystis infection are examples of deficiencies in and issues with SP-B that are correlated with lung issues.
Be... | 42,112 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
save lives.
Once lung distress has occurred, SP-B has been shown to be effective as a biomarker in the blood stream. Higher levels of SP-B indicate some kind of lung distress, and can even indicate if the patient is currently a smoker. This may be useful in the future to predict atherosclerosis, a... | 42,113 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
in preventing alveolar collapse at low lung volumes. In the absence of surfactant, the surface tension at the gas/fluid interface prevents inhalation at standard pressure, but surfactant minimizes surface tension to values near zero and allows for normal breathing. It is also known to have a role i... | 42,114 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
by weight), and proteins make up only the remaining 10%. The following two sections will address the lipid and protein components respectively.
## Surfactant lipids.
Lipids are a broad category of mid-sized molecules that are hydrophobic or amphipathic. In surfactant, two subcategories of lipids ... | 42,115 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
moves it to the gas/fluid interface where it minimized surface tension. Essentially, DPPC is so important for lung function because it can shrink or expand to fit the space necessary, and a continually shrinking and expanding lung requires components like this.
Other lipids found commonly in surfa... | 42,116 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
example, though the mechanism is not yet understood, SP-B functions in the post-translational modification of SP-C, and mature SP-C is not formed without SP-B.
SP-C assists in the functions of SP-B, and is most similar to SP-B of the three other surfactant proteins. It is smaller, only 35 amino ac... | 42,117 |
11369321 | Surfactant protein B | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B
nslational modification of SP-C, and mature SP-C is not formed without SP-B.
SP-C assists in the functions of SP-B, and is most similar to SP-B of the three other surfactant proteins. It is smaller, only 35 amino acids long, and is found embedded in lipid structures much like SP-B.
SP-A and SP-D,... | 42,118 |
11369453 | German People's Party (Romania) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German%20People's%20Party%20(Romania) | German People's Party (Romania)
German People's Party (Romania)
The German People's Party (; , PPGR) was a political party that operated in Romania between 1935 and 1938, claiming to represent the ethnic German community.
Alfred Bonfert founded the PPGR on April 22, 1935, in a split with the Nazi-oriented German Part... | 42,119 |
11369453 | German People's Party (Romania) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German%20People's%20Party%20(Romania) | German People's Party (Romania)
"Der Stürmer" (Timișoara), "Ost-deutscher beobachter" (Sibiu) and "Sachsenburg" (Brașov).
In its programme of 1935, the PPGR asked for the 1923 Constitution to be respected, as well as for cultural autonomy for the local German community. Besides its programme, the party's practical act... | 42,120 |
11369453 | German People's Party (Romania) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German%20People's%20Party%20(Romania) | German People's Party (Romania)
ried to isolate ethnic Germans from the general population. It adopted an intransigent attitude toward the country's governments, disavowing collaboration and pursuing a policy of confrontation toward them. A veritable fifth column for the Reich, it was never very popular, gaining under ... | 42,121 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
Daniel J. Elazar
Daniel Judah Elazar (August 25, 1934 – December 2, 1999) was a professor of political science at Bar-Ilan University (Israel) and Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the Director of the Center for the Study of Federalism at Temple University and the founder and presi... | 42,122 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
scientist and specialist in the study of federalism, political culture, the Jewish political tradition, Israel and the world Jewish community. As founder and President of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, he headed the major independent Jewish "think tank" concerned with analyzing and solving th... | 42,123 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
President Reagan appointed him a citizen member of the U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, the major intergovernmental agency dealing with federalism issues. He was appointed for a second term in 1988 and a third in 1991. He was the founding president of the International Associati... | 42,124 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
Polity, The Jewish Polity, and People and Polity, a trilogy on Jewish political and community organization from earliest times to the present. He also founded and edited the scholarly journal Jewish Political Studies Review. His books in the area of federalism include "The American Partnership" (1962);... | 42,125 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
was also the founder and editor of "Publius, the Journal of Federalism".
Elazar was recognized as an expert on Jewish community organization worldwide, on the Jewish political tradition, and on Israel's government and politics. He was a consultant to the Israeli government, the Jewish Agency, the Worl... | 42,126 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
a Fulbright Senior Lecturer, and received grants from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Earhart and Ford Foundations, the Huntington Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Science Foundation. He served as consultant to many federal, state and local agencies, i... | 42,127 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
awarded honorary degrees from the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Cincinnati and Gratz College in Philadelphia, and received awards for distinguished scholarly contributions from the Section on Intergovernmental Administration and Management of the American Society for Public Admin... | 42,128 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
to the field.
# Political theories.
Elazar authored a four-volume comprehensive work on the idea of covenant called "The Covenant Tradition in Politics":.
- Volume 1: "Covenant and Polity in Biblical Israel: Biblical Foundations and Jewish Expressions": The covenants of the Bible are the founding co... | 42,129 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
From Christian Separation through the Protestant Reformation": The history of the covenant tradition in the Western world has, in the course of two thousand years, undergone three separations, each of which has established a stream of covenant tradition of its own: (1) the separation between Judaism an... | 42,130 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
Europeans and their descendants the rulers of the world for 500 years, was seen as a great opportunity for beginning again, launching an unprecedented movement of migration and colonization.
- Volume 4: "Covenant and Civil Society: The Constitutional Matrix of Modern Democracy": The settlement of new ... | 42,131 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
Power and Leadership in the Jewish Polity: Cases and Issues", and "Morality and Power: Contemporary Jewish Views".
- "Kinship and Consent": The exploration of the Jewish political tradition is predicated on the recognition of the Jews as a separate people, not merely a religion or a set of moral princ... | 42,132 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
Polity": Many Jews are finding that they express themselves Jewishly through political means, if at all, whether that entails support of Israel or other causes which then become "Jewish" causes, or through working within the political and communal organizations of the Jewish people, which increasingly ... | 42,133 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
Jewish communal involvement is a typology laid out in "Community and Polity: The Organizational Dynamics of American Jewry". It categorizes the degree of involvement American Jews have in the Jewish community:
- "Integral Jews" make up 10-13 percent. For these, Jewishness is a central focus of life an... | 42,134 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
likely to regularly attend synagogue and to be involved in different organizations, examples including participating in adult education, "fundraising for Jewish causes," or lobbying for Israel.
- "Affiliates" make up 30-33 percent. These are "members of Jewish organizations but not particularly active... | 42,135 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
but wholly uninvolved in Jewish life"; they have "no particular desire to use Jewish institutions or contribute to organizations"
- "Repudiators" and "Converts-Out" make up 2-7 percent. This group includes those who have converted to another religion and who "actively deny Jewishness."
Elazar's theor... | 42,136 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
(government viewed a hierarchical institution charged with protecting an elite-centered status quo), and individualistic (government viewed as minimalist institution charged with protecting the functionality of the marketplace but is otherwise not active). Elazar's theory is still routinely used as var... | 42,137 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
in American Federalism, Elazar as editor, 1969
- The Politics of American Federalism, editor, 1969
- Cities of the Prairie: The Metropolitan Frontier and American Politics, 1970
- The Politics of Belleville, 1971
- The Ecology of American Political Culture, editor with Joseph Zikmund II, 1975
- Co... | 42,138 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
The Jewish Political Tradition and Its Contemporary Uses, editor, 1981
- Governing Peoples and Territories, editor, 1982
- Judea, Samaria, and Gaza: Views on the Present and Future, editor, 1982
- State Constitutional Design in Federal Systems, editor with Stephen L. Schechter, 1982
- Covenant, Pol... | 42,139 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
Friedenrich, Baruch Hazzan, and Adina Weiss Liberies, 1984
- The Jewish Communities of Scandinavia: Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland, with Adina Weiss Liberies and Simcha Werner, 1984
- Understanding the Jewish Agency: A Handbook, editor with Alysa M. Dortort, 1984
- The Jewish Polity: Jewish Pol... | 42,140 |
11369356 | Daniel J. Elazar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20J.%20Elazar | Daniel J. Elazar
- Understanding the Jewish Agency: A Handbook, editor with Alysa M. Dortort, 1984
- The Jewish Polity: Jewish Political Organization From Biblical Times to the Present, with Stuart A. Cohen, 1985
- The Covenant Connection: From Federal Theology to Modern Federalism, editor with John Kincaid, 2000
# ... | 42,141 |
11369498 | Amagatsuji Station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amagatsuji%20Station | Amagatsuji Station
Amagatsuji Station
# Lines.
Amagatsuji Station is served by the Kashihara Line.
# Layout.
The station has two side platforms.
## Platforms.
The station has two side platforms serving one track each.
# History.
- 1921: Amagatsuji Station was opened on the Unebi Line by the Osaka Electric Tramw... | 42,142 |
11369531 | Bethune Beach, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bethune%20Beach,%20Florida | Bethune Beach, Florida
Bethune Beach, Florida
Bethune Beach is an unincorporated community in Volusia County, Florida, United States.
Bethune Beach is located south of New Smyrna Beach (with Silver Sands between), and its southern border is the northern end of the Canaveral National Seashore. Due to its remote locati... | 42,143 |
11369531 | Bethune Beach, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bethune%20Beach,%20Florida | Bethune Beach, Florida
lver Sands between), and its southern border is the northern end of the Canaveral National Seashore. Due to its remote location, Bethune Beach is accessible by only one road, County Road A1A, entry being permitted only from the north. There is no outlet to the mainland, and the Canaveral National... | 42,144 |
11369483 | Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm%20Eduard%20Albrecht | Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht
Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht
Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht (4 March 1800 – 22 May 1876) was a German constitutional lawyer, jurist, and docent. Albrecht was most notable as a member of the Göttingen Seven, a group of academics who in 1837 protested against the abrogation of the constitution of the Kingdom... | 42,145 |
11369483 | Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm%20Eduard%20Albrecht | Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht
of law.
In 1847 Albrecht joined the Lübeck chapter of the Germanistentage. In 1848, during the March Revolution, Albrecht was a member of the Frankfurt Parliament and a delegate to the Siebzehnerausschuss, whose constitution he prepared. From 18 May to 17 August he represented Harburg in the Fr... | 42,146 |
11369483 | Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm%20Eduard%20Albrecht | Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht
iew he developed in an 1837 review of Romeo Maurenbrecher's "Grundsätze des heutigen Staatsrechts". This view stands in opposition to the old Germanic concept of the state as "Verbandsperson", a collective person, a position defended by Otto von Gierke.
His father in law was the astronomer Chri... | 42,147 |
11369575 | Heijō Station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heijō%20Station | Heijō Station
Heijō Station
# Lines.
- Kintetsu Railway
- Kyoto Line
# Building.
The station has 2 platforms and 2 tracks.
# Around the station.
Nara Velodrome
# History.
- 1928 - The Station opens when Nara Electric Railway Momoyamagoryo-mae to Saidaji open
- 1963 - NER merges with Kintetsu
- 2007 - Starts ... | 42,148 |
11369532 | Westville Village Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westville%20Village%20Historic%20District | Westville Village Historic District
Westville Village Historic District
Westville Village Historic District is a historic district representing most of the commercial center of the Westville neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut. This center developed in the 19th century as an industrial mill village distinct from th... | 42,149 |
11369532 | Westville Village Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westville%20Village%20Historic%20District | Westville Village Historic District
center to those lands. Its village beginnings date roughly to 1797, when a bridge was built over the West River, turning Whalley Avenue into a more important transportation link. Some early settlers had harnessed the power of the local waterways for saw and gristmills, and there were... | 42,150 |
11369532 | Westville Village Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westville%20Village%20Historic%20District | Westville Village Historic District
village as it developed includes number of buildings that were originally built at residences, but have mostly been converted to commercial uses, as well as purpose-built commercial and mixed commercial-residential buildings. In 2003, the listed area was and there were 30 contributin... | 42,151 |
11369532 | Westville Village Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westville%20Village%20Historic%20District | Westville Village Historic District
Street, Greist Manufacturing Company
- 2. 495 Blake Street, Geometric Tool Company
- 3. 512 Blake Street, c. 1840 (See photo #13 in accompanying photo set)
- 4. 15-17 Tour Avenue, Italianate, c.1905
- 5. 23-25 Tour Avenue, Queen Anne, c.1905
- 6. 413 West Rock Avenue, a Queen An... | 42,152 |
11369532 | Westville Village Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westville%20Village%20Historic%20District | Westville Village Historic District
19. 879 Whalley Avenue
- 20. 881 Whalley Avenue
- 21. 882-888 Whalley Avenue, Hotel Edgewood (photo #9)
- 22. 883-889 Whalley Avenue
- 23. 893-901 Whalley Avenue
- 24. 898 Whalley Avenue
- 25. 900-902 Whalley Avenue
- 26. 903-911 Whalley Avenue, a Masonic hall built for the Ol... | 42,153 |
11369532 | Westville Village Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westville%20Village%20Historic%20District | Westville Village Historic District
y Avenue
- 21. 882-888 Whalley Avenue, Hotel Edgewood (photo #9)
- 22. 883-889 Whalley Avenue
- 23. 893-901 Whalley Avenue
- 24. 898 Whalley Avenue
- 25. 900-902 Whalley Avenue
- 26. 903-911 Whalley Avenue, a Masonic hall built for the Olive Branch Temple Corporation
- 27. 904... | 42,154 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
Public transport in Auckland
Public transport in Auckland, the largest metropolitan area of New Zealand, consists of three modes: bus, train and ferry. Services are coordinated by Auckland Transport under the AT Metro brand. Britomart Transport Centre is the main transport hub.
Until the ... | 42,155 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
public transport ridership in the world, with only 33 trips per capita per year.
Since 2000, a greater focus has been placed on improving Auckland's public transport system through a series of projects and service improvements. Major improvements include the Britomart Transport Centre, the... | 42,156 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
by public transport is still quite low. At the 2013 census around 8% of journeys to work were by public transport and per capita ridership in 2017 of around 55 boardings is still well below that of Wellington, Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and most large Canadian cities.
Auckland's rapid popula... | 42,157 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
History.
## Pre World War II growth.
Horse-drawn trams operated in Auckland from 1884 while the Auckland Electric Tram Company's system was officially opened on 17 November 1902. The Electric Tram Company started as a private company before being acquired by Auckland City Council.
The tr... | 42,158 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
in late 1956. Although a series of ambitious rail schemes were proposed between the 1940s and 1970s, the focus of transport improvements in Auckland shifted to developing an extensive motorway system. Passionate advocacy from long-time Mayor of Auckland City Council Dove-Myer Robinson for a... | 42,159 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
ridership levels were only reached again in the 2010s, despite Auckland's population growing four-fold over the same time period.
These decisions also shaped Auckland's growth patterns in the late 20th century, with the city becoming a relatively low-density dispersed urban area with a pop... | 42,160 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
roads". On the other hand, NZ Bus claim that increasing passengers and cost control began with privatisation in 1991.
## 21st century revival.
As concerns over urban sprawl and traffic congestion grew in the 1990s and early 2000s, public transport returned to the spotlight, with growing a... | 42,161 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
trains to reach into the heart of Auckland's city centre and acted as a catalyst for the regeneration of this part of downtown Auckland.
- The Northern Busway was opened in 2008, providing Auckland's North Shore with rapid transit that enabled bus riders to avoid congestion on the Northern... | 42,162 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
and the purchase of new electric trains from Spanish manufacturer CAF. Electric train services commenced in 2014.
- Implementation of an integrated ticketing and fares system, through the AT HOP card, enabling consistent fares and easy transfers between different bus, train and ferry opera... | 42,163 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
and attractiveness of public transport. Further improvements are to be realised in the years to 2028 under the Auckland Transport Alignment Project (ATAP), valued at NZ$28 billion ($4.6 billion more than previously planned), of which $9.1 billion is for additional public transport projects,... | 42,164 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
rail network to the northwest (to be designed) and to the airport.
# Buses.
## Urban services.
Buses provide for around 70% of public transport trips in Auckland. Bus services generally run from around 6am to midnight, with a limited number of buses linking Auckland's suburbs and city ce... | 42,165 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
Tranzurban Auckland (Tranzit Group) – contracted operator of NX2 services on the Northern Busway
- Waiheke bus company (by Fullers, 5 routes)
Auckland Transport began rebranding bus services to AT Metro in 2014–2015 to create a single identity for all bus services, with some exceptions li... | 42,166 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
– Karangahape Road – Ponsonby Road – Victoria Park – Britomart.
- OuterLink – amber buses – both way loop; Wellesley Street – Parnell – Newmarket – Mount Eden – Mount Albert – Westmere – Herne Bay – Wellesley Street.
- TāmakiLink – blue buses – both way loop; Britomart – Spark Arena – Oka... | 42,167 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
to reduce congestion and shorten travel times. All are sign-posted and marked on the road surface.
The Central Connector bus lane project improved links between Newmarket and the inner city, while bus lanes are also planned on Remuera Road and St Johns Road to connect the city with the Eas... | 42,168 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
being constructed to connect Botany and Panmure with a separated busway along Ti Rakau Drive, onto Pakuranga Road and Lagoon Drive. Pre-construction began in late 2018, with the removal of houses along Pakuranga Road due to be complete by April 2019. Stage one connecting Panmure and Pakuran... | 42,169 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
Westgate and the city centre (possibly to be built as light-rail instead of a busway) and a bus connection between Auckland Airport, Manukau City and Botany.
## Long-distance services.
Long-distance bus operator Intercity links Auckland with all the main centres in the North Island, also ... | 42,170 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
Sunday services were reintroduced in October 2005 for the first time in over 40 years, together with a general 25% service frequency increase.
- Project DART upgraded the core rail network between 2006 and 2012, including double-tracking the Western Line, completed in 2010, constructing th... | 42,171 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
services operated in April 2014.
- Otahuhu railway station was extensively rebuilt to connect with a new bus interchange being built alongside. In October 2016, the interchange was opened to coincide with the launching of a new bus network timetable in South Auckland, Pukekohe and Waiuku.
... | 42,172 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
end" at Britomart train station which means all trains entering and exiting the station need to use the same two tracks. The City Rail Link project, due to be opened in 2024 is an underground tunnel between Britomart to Mount Eden station designed to address these constraints, provide great... | 42,173 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
The service is mainly tourist-oriented.
## Future upgrades.
A number of upgrades and extensions to the rail network have been proposed, some for several decades:
- A bus and rail interchange at Puhinui connecting Auckland Airport to and from Botany Town Centre via Manukau bus station, ex... | 42,174 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
new stations at Drury, Drury West and Paerata and eventually to Hamilton allowing inter-city commuting
- The Avondale-Southdown Line, a line between Avondale in west Auckland and the Southdown Freight Terminal, to allow freight trains to avoid Newmarket and reduce delays for both freight a... | 42,175 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
ferry in 1860, the first scheduled ferry in 1865, Auckland & North Shore Steam Ferry Co in 1869, Devonport Steam Ferry Company in 1885, a vehicle ferry in 1911 and North Shore Ferries in 1959.
In 1981 George and Douglas Hudson bought North Shore Ferries and Waiheke Shipping Co. In 1984 the... | 42,176 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
Group Ltd, in 1994 and Stagecoach took a majority holding in 1998. In 2009, Souter Holdings purchased Fullers Group and also 360 Discovery Cruises.
## Services.
Around 7 million ferry trips per year are made in Auckland, on a variety of routes radiating from downtown Auckland. Ferry servi... | 42,177 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
Birkenhead, Beach Haven, Gulf Harbour
- East Auckland terminals: Half Moon Bay, Pine Harbour
- Waitematā Harbour's western terminals: West Harbour, Hobsonville
Ferries also connect the city with islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Regular sailings serve Waiheke Island, with less frequent servic... | 42,178 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
integrated ticketing / smartcard system, known as the AT HOP Card, was developed for Auckland by Thales, similar to systems like Octopus card in Hong Kong.
The first stage of integrated ticketing came online in time for the Rugby World Cup 2011, with construction works for the 'tag on' / '... | 42,179 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
the distance travelled (number of stages), but on the number of zones passed through, so that a journey in a zone that involves multiple rides or even a mode mix (bus or train) will be charged only one fare. Ferries are not included in the simplified fares system and are charged per ride.
... | 42,180 |
11369296 | Public transport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public%20transport%20in%20Auckland | Public transport in Auckland
te in public discussions on social media and prepare plans advocating for particular improvements. These groups include:
- Greater Auckland
- Campaign for Better Transport
- Public Transport Users Association
- Generation Zero
# See also.
- Public transport in New Zealand
- Transport... | 42,181 |
11369454 | Rosewood, Saskatoon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosewood,%20Saskatoon | Rosewood, Saskatoon
Rosewood, Saskatoon
Rosewood is a primarily residential neighbourhood under construction in southeast Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The majority of its residents live in single detached dwellings. In 2011, the area was home to 73 residents. In early 2015 there were approximately 900 occupied res... | 42,182 |
11369454 | Rosewood, Saskatoon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosewood,%20Saskatoon | Rosewood, Saskatoon
water table. The majority of the wetlands were drained and filled with a single large wetland complex modified and used for drainage, eliminating the need for some storm sewer mains. Servicing of the land began in 2008, and home construction in the first phase of the community was underway in the su... | 42,183 |
11369454 | Rosewood, Saskatoon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosewood,%20Saskatoon | Rosewood, Saskatoon
and have an estimated population of 10,650. the city of Saskatoon has since updated the master plan eliminating a vital access point to highway 16, adding a large commercial property to the southeast and increasing density on the eastern portion of the subdivision by close to 50%. With a final estim... | 42,184 |
11369454 | Rosewood, Saskatoon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosewood,%20Saskatoon | Rosewood, Saskatoon
of the Year Shannon Tweed, at the request of Tourism Saskatoon, which had honored Tweed with a faux street sign bearing the name in 2010.
A proposed amendment to the neighbourhood concept plan would add another of land and 1200 people to the area. It incorporates a triangular piece of what was prev... | 42,185 |
11369454 | Rosewood, Saskatoon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosewood,%20Saskatoon | Rosewood, Saskatoon
the federal electoral district of Saskatoon—Grasswood. It is currently represented by Kevin Waugh of the Conservative Party of Canada, first elected in 2015.
Provincially, the area is in the constituency of Saskatoon Southeast. It is currently represented by Don Morgan of the Saskatchewan Party, fi... | 42,186 |
11369454 | Rosewood, Saskatoon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosewood,%20Saskatoon | Rosewood, Saskatoon
announced funding for four new P3 facilities in Saskatoon, including a joint-use public/separate school facility in Rosewood. Greater Saskatoon Catholic Schools revealed in June 2015 that the division's new elementary school in Rosewood would be named after Thérèse of Lisieux, while Saskatoon Public... | 42,187 |
11369454 | Rosewood, Saskatoon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosewood,%20Saskatoon | Rosewood, Saskatoon
east and west peripheries, and two small "pocket" parks in the northeast part of the neighbourhood.
# Commercial.
The plans for Rosewood show two dedicated commercial zones: one at the southwest entrance to the neighbourhood, and the other surrounding the village square. Another mixed-use site in ... | 42,188 |
11369454 | Rosewood, Saskatoon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosewood,%20Saskatoon | Rosewood, Saskatoon
in the area, Costco, opened in 2016.
# Location.
Rosewood is located in the Lakewood Suburban Development Area. It is bounded by the Canadian Pacific Railway tracks and a future highway right-of-way to the east, Highway 16 to the south, Boychuk Drive to the west, and Taylor Street to the north. In... | 42,189 |
11369454 | Rosewood, Saskatoon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosewood,%20Saskatoon | Rosewood, Saskatoon
nd Taylor Street to the north. Inside those boundaries, the roads are a mix of local and collector roads.
The current proposal shows that Rosewood will have access points on all four sides of the community, including an access to Highway 16 to the south and the proposed Perimeter Highway to the eas... | 42,190 |
11369538 | Wooster Square Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wooster%20Square%20Historic%20District | Wooster Square Historic District
Wooster Square Historic District
The Wooster Square Historic District encompasses much of the Wooster Square neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut. Centered on a rectangular park named in honor of General David Wooster, the area was developed as a residential neighborhood beginning in... | 42,191 |
11369538 | Wooster Square Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wooster%20Square%20Historic%20District | Wooster Square Historic District
Street and a railroad corridor. The city acquired the land for the park at the center of the neighborhood in 1825; it had previously been open land. The park that was laid out was named in honor of General David Wooster, a hero of the American Revolutionary War who at one time owned a w... | 42,192 |
11369538 | Wooster Square Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wooster%20Square%20Historic%20District | Wooster Square Historic District
the city to raze the neighborhood, and a plan was proposed to route Interstate 91 (which now forms the neighborhood's eastern and southern borders) directly through the park. The local community rallied, and developed preservation plans in the late 1950s, assisted by architecture studen... | 42,193 |
11369538 | Wooster Square Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wooster%20Square%20Historic%20District | Wooster Square Historic District
eighborhood. It covers at the center, including the park and a ring of streets extending one block away. Prominent houses that have been attributed to architect Henry Austin include the Howland House at 42 Academy Street, the Willis Bristol House at 584 Chapel Street, and the Governor E... | 42,194 |
11369570 | Edgewood Park Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgewood%20Park%20Historic%20District | Edgewood Park Historic District
Edgewood Park Historic District
Edgewood Historic District is a historic district located in the west-central portion of New Haven, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. A predominantly residential area roughly bisected by Edgewood Avenue, a bro... | 42,195 |
11369570 | Edgewood Park Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgewood%20Park%20Historic%20District | Edgewood Park Historic District
Queen Anne or Colonial Revival in style, and are set (especially on the boulevard-like Edgewood Avenue) on larger lots.
The district's most notable topographical feature is the West River, which runs through Edgewood Park in the eastern end of the district on a north-south axis. From th... | 42,196 |
11369570 | Edgewood Park Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgewood%20Park%20Historic%20District | Edgewood Park Historic District
he Holocaust. The park's current layout was designed in 1910 by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr.. The district includes the central portion of the Edgewood neighborhood, which is generally the area bounded by Whalley Avenue, Sherman Avenue, Chapel Street, and Edgewood Park. The district also b... | 42,197 |
11369603 | Franz Ries | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franz%20Ries | Franz Ries
Franz Ries
Franz Ries (Berlin, 7 April 1846 – Naumburg, 20 January 1932) was a Romantic German violinist and composer, son of Hubert Ries. He studied at the Paris Conservatory. He also worked in the publishing business.
# Career.
His talent formed under the direction of his father and in the Paris Conserv... | 42,198 |
11369603 | Franz Ries | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franz%20Ries | Franz Ries
Op.4
- String Quartet No.1 in D minor, Op.5 (publ. 1866)
- (String Quartet No.2, Op.?)
- 6 Lieder, Op.6
- 3 "Characterstücke", for Violin and Piano, Op.7
- 6 Lieder, Op.8
- Lieder, Op.10
- Lieder, Op.12
- "Träumbilder" (3 Klavierstücke), Op.13
- 3 "Zweistimmige Gesänge", Op.14
- 3 Lieder, Op.16 (al... | 42,199 |
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