wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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7379375 | Torbay and Brixham Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torbay%20and%20Brixham%20Railway | Torbay and Brixham Railway
line was extended, and it fell to a nominally independent company, the Dartmouth and Torbay Railway (D&TR) to build from Torre to Brixham Road station, later renamed , opening to there on 1 April 1861. The station at Brixham was high above the town and two miles distant, and the D&TR was focu... | 52,600 |
7379375 | Torbay and Brixham Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torbay%20and%20Brixham%20Railway | Torbay and Brixham Railway
of Parliament on 25 July 1864 or 26 July 1864; together with a tramway in connection with the railway. The Company's share capital was £18,000 and Wolston himself subscribed £17,700. The contractor defaulted during construction, but largely due to Wolston's personal and financial resources, i... | 52,601 |
7379375 | Torbay and Brixham Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torbay%20and%20Brixham%20Railway | Torbay and Brixham Railway
over the setting of commission for connecting traffic. Even though that issue was corrected, the T&BR taking over the operation itself for a time, the line ran at a financial loss. The SDR had amalgamated with the GWR and the Bristol and Exeter Railway in 1876—the combined company maintained ... | 52,602 |
7379375 | Torbay and Brixham Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torbay%20and%20Brixham%20Railway | Torbay and Brixham Railway
1882; the sale took effect on 1 January 1883, for £12,000.
# Subsequent history of the line.
Now simply a remote branch of the GWR, the line continued in use. Soon the West of England lines of the GWR were to be converted from the original broad gauge of to what was now standard gauge, , an... | 52,603 |
7379375 | Torbay and Brixham Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torbay%20and%20Brixham%20Railway | Torbay and Brixham Railway
constructed on the hill above the town in order that the gradients between Brixham and Churston were not too steep.
Brixham station became 'Roxham station' for "The System", a 1964 film. An scene early in the film sees most of the main characters at the station, either arriving on a train ha... | 52,604 |
7379375 | Torbay and Brixham Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torbay%20and%20Brixham%20Railway | Torbay and Brixham Railway
purchased this little locomotive to haul the trains. The South Devon Railway were to pay £3 per day for the facility, but the railway soon had to mortgage "Queen" to the South Devon for £350 to cover its debt to that company. In 1883 it passed to the Great Western Railway, which immediately w... | 52,605 |
7379375 | Torbay and Brixham Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torbay%20and%20Brixham%20Railway | Torbay and Brixham Railway
now also carrying their number 2175, it was sold by the Great Western Railway to the Torbay and Brixham to assist "Queen".
## Great Western locomotives.
After 1883 the Great Western Railway provided various small locomotives from its fleet to operate the Brixham branch. Up until 1892 broad ... | 52,606 |
7379375 | Torbay and Brixham Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torbay%20and%20Brixham%20Railway | Torbay and Brixham Railway
Class 122 single-car DMUs.
# Revival plans.
The Association of Train Operating Companies in 2009 indicated that Brixham would benefit from a passenger railway service. The First Great Western service to Paignton would be extended to Churston station on the Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railw... | 52,607 |
7379375 | Torbay and Brixham Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torbay%20and%20Brixham%20Railway | Torbay and Brixham Railway
t from a passenger railway service. The First Great Western service to Paignton would be extended to Churston station on the Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway, a heritage railway. Churston would serve as a railhead for Brixham, and also serve housing developments in the area since the open... | 52,608 |
7379432 | Bramingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bramingham | Bramingham
Bramingham
Bramingham is a suburb of Luton in Bedfordshire. The area is situated in the north of the town and is roughly bounded by the A6 to the east, Great Bramingham Wood to the west, the edge of Luton to the north, and Icknield Way to the south.
# History.
Until the end of the 20th century Bramingham ... | 52,609 |
7379432 | Bramingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bramingham | Bramingham
in the east and Marsh Farm in the west.
# Local Area.
The housing in the area is mainly low density suburban housing built in the typical 90s new build style, a traditional style with many incorporating mock timber frames or arched windows. A few 19th century cottages remain on Great Bramingham Lane.
At t... | 52,610 |
7379432 | Bramingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bramingham | Bramingham
a large business park centred on Enterprise Way.
# Geography.
Bramingham is in the north of Luton, roughly 5 miles from the town centre. Neighbouring areas are Limbury and Runfold to the south, Marsh Farm to the west, and Warden Hill to the east. North of Bramingham is still open countryside, although ther... | 52,611 |
7379432 | Bramingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bramingham | Bramingham
and has been classified as an ancient woodland that is, it has known to have been in existence for at least 400 years and has probably been a woodland for much longer.
After the Trust took over the wood, the Bramingham Wood Volunteers were formed who carry out much of the work on behalf of the Trust. A netw... | 52,612 |
7379432 | Bramingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bramingham | Bramingham
larger Bramingham ward, which also contains Warden Hill, and is represented by Cllr Gilbert Campbell (Conservative) and Cllr David Johnston (Conservative), who is the Conservative Leader at Luton Borough Council.
The ward forms part of the parliamentary constituency of Luton North, and the MP is Kelvin Hopk... | 52,613 |
7379501 | Hobnob biscuit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hobnob%20biscuit | Hobnob biscuit
Hobnob biscuit
Hobnobs is the brand name of a commercial biscuit. They are made from rolled oats and jumbo oats, similar to a flapjack-digestive biscuit hybrid, and are among the most popular British biscuits. McVitie's launched Hobnobs in 1985 and a milk chocolate variant in 1987.
They are primarily s... | 52,614 |
7379501 | Hobnob biscuit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hobnob%20biscuit | Hobnob biscuit
their food aisles. The McVitie's Hobnob is the third-most popular biscuit in the UK to "dunk" into tea, with its chocolate variant sixth. In 2014 a UK survey declared the Chocolate Hobnob the nation's favourite biscuit.
# History.
The commercial recipe was introduced by McVitie's in the UK in 1985. The... | 52,615 |
7379501 | Hobnob biscuit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hobnob%20biscuit | Hobnob biscuit
r biscuit.
The name hob-nob comes from Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night".
# Manufacture.
Plain Hobnobs are made at the Tollcross factory in Glasgow. The chocolate variety is made at the Harlesden factory. The basic ingredients for Hobnobs are oats.
# Marketing.
The original tagline of the Hobnobs was "o... | 52,616 |
750665 | Jim Wych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jim%20Wych | Jim Wych
Jim Wych
Jim Wych (born 11 January 1954) is a sports announcer and former Canadian professional snooker and pocket billiards player. He reached the quarter-final of the Embassy World Professional Snooker Championship in his debut year of 1980, a "first" for any overseas player and duplicated this feat again i... | 52,617 |
7379513 | V. R. Gopala Pillai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V.%20R.%20Gopala%20Pillai | V. R. Gopala Pillai
V. R. Gopala Pillai
Villayil Raman Gopala Pillai (1915-1981), better known as V. R. Gopala Pillai, was a Singaporean novelist writing in Malayalam under the "nom de plume" G.P. Njekkad, after his natal village in Kerala.
# Background.
Married to Bhargavi Pillai, he migrated to Singapore from Kera... | 52,618 |
7379513 | V. R. Gopala Pillai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V.%20R.%20Gopala%20Pillai | V. R. Gopala Pillai
novels translated into Malayalam) from a young age. "An author or a novelist must be well-read before he attempts to write himself", he told "Asiaweek" in an interview in 1981.
# Career.
As a teenager, Pillai had several short stories rejected but he persevered, writing lighter satires. His first ... | 52,619 |
7379513 | V. R. Gopala Pillai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V.%20R.%20Gopala%20Pillai | V. R. Gopala Pillai
(Repetition) which was a best-seller. Many of these novels dealt with human relationships interwoven with the social fabric and were set in Singapore. His last novel, "Chirakudal Chalanangal" (Wings and Movements), was serialised by Kerala's then leading weekly, "Mathrubhoomi" (Motherland).
Pillai ... | 52,620 |
7379513 | V. R. Gopala Pillai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V.%20R.%20Gopala%20Pillai | V. R. Gopala Pillai
That was the attraction of Pillai's novels.
Another leitmotif of Pillai's works was the evident feminism running throughout his works. "I am a woman's man; 75% to 90% of my characters are female", he told "Asiaweek"'s Jagjit Kaur Nagpal. Perhaps as a legacy of Kerala's historical matrilineal system... | 52,621 |
7379513 | V. R. Gopala Pillai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V.%20R.%20Gopala%20Pillai | V. R. Gopala Pillai
her"..."It is something (his feminism) very natural to me; it is a habit. For instance, if there are two persons in a race --a man and a woman-- my attention will automatically go to the woman!" He attempted to write against women once but in the end relented: His intention was to portray an unpleas... | 52,622 |
7379513 | V. R. Gopala Pillai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V.%20R.%20Gopala%20Pillai | V. R. Gopala Pillai
success in India's highly competitive literary circles.
# Works.
## Novels.
- "Kaithapookal" (Tainted Flowers), Writers' Cooperative, Kerala, 1962
- "Maruppachakal" (Barrier of Sand), Writers' Cooperative, Kerala,
- "Vruthabhangam" (Unbalanced Life), Writers' Cooperative, Kerala,
- "Thapasu" (... | 52,623 |
7379513 | V. R. Gopala Pillai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V.%20R.%20Gopala%20Pillai | V. R. Gopala Pillai
rative, Kerala, 1962
- "Maruppachakal" (Barrier of Sand), Writers' Cooperative, Kerala,
- "Vruthabhangam" (Unbalanced Life), Writers' Cooperative, Kerala,
- "Thapasu" (Meditation), Writers' Cooperative, Kerala,
- "Agniparvatham (Volcano), Writers' Cooperative, Kerala,
- "Vazhiyariyathe" (Journe... | 52,624 |
7379511 | Phil Jones (journalist) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jones%20(journalist) | Phil Jones (journalist)
Phil Jones (journalist)
Phil Jones is an English sports journalist and television interviewer and reporter.
# Education.
Jones obtained diplomas with distinction in journalism, law, and public administration from Richmond Journalist College in Sheffield.
# Journalism.
Jones began his career... | 52,625 |
7379511 | Phil Jones (journalist) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jones%20(journalist) | Phil Jones (journalist)
the World" for the 1992 Summer Olympics. He was the BBC's main reporter for the 1994 Wimbledon Championships, and provided the nightly round-up on "Wimbledon Today" highlights programme. He also contributed to "Grandstand", "Match of the Day", "Sportsnight", and "Sport on Friday", working closel... | 52,626 |
7379511 | Phil Jones (journalist) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jones%20(journalist) | Phil Jones (journalist)
nd he was a regular reporter on major sporting events, particularly as a trackside reporter which began at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. After his trackside work at the 2012 Olympic Games Jones was described in "The Telegraph" as "a decent track and field interviewer". He left the BB... | 52,627 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
Slutsk Defence Action
The Slutsk defence action or the Slutsk uprising () was an unsuccessful armed attempt to establish an independent Belarus. It took place in late 1920, near the end of the Polish-Soviet War, in the region of the town of Slutsk. It involved a series of clashes between irregula... | 52,628 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
congress — neither from the Belarusian Democratic Republic, nor from the puppet Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus.
Due to the treaty, the demarcation line Kiyevichy-Lan lay in a way that the region of Slutsk, Belarus, stayed in a neutral zone for some time before being taken by the Red Army.
... | 52,629 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
groups supporting the Belarusian Democratic Republic in other regions.
In 1918 a Belarusian National Committee led by Paval Zhauryd was created in the town.
## Soviet–Polish War and Slutsk.
During the Polish-Soviet War of 1919–1920 the region of Slutsk was occupied several times by Polish and S... | 52,630 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
was created.
The Polish military were preparing to withdraw to Polish territory and did not prevent the creation of Belarusian military units. Many Polish military consisted of Belarusians and sympathised with the self-defence activities.
Still, there was no unity among Belarusian activists as t... | 52,631 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
transferred the civil power to the Belarusian National Committee. In all local communities and villages democratic elections took place; new elected Committees replaced the previous Polish-appointed local administration.
Local representatives of Belarusian socialist revolutionaries, who were the ... | 52,632 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
Slutsk and its surroundings as well as several representatives of the Belarusian army of general Bulak-Balachovich.
The government of the Belarusian National Republic appointed Paval Zhauryd its commissioner to Sluchchyna.
The Congress passed a resolution declaring the authority of the governmen... | 52,633 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
protests against the occupation of our Fatherland by foreign and impostor Soviet powers. Long live the independent National Belarusian Republic in its ethnographic borders!"
# Military preparations.
A Rada of Sluchchyna consisting of 17 people was elected with the chairman Uladzimyer Prakulevich... | 52,634 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
Hrozava and surroundings. Soon there were ca. 10,000 men mobilised into the newly created forces.
Two regiments were formed by the Rada: "1st Slutsk regiment" under lieutenant colonel Akhrem Haurylovich and the "2nd Hrozaŭ regiment" under captain Siemianiuk. These two regiments formed the "Slutsk... | 52,635 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
Fatherland" was sent to Slutsk. The military commission of the Government of the Belarusian People's Republic that was acting as Belarus' defence ministry, sent several military specialists to help to organise the defence. Soon a well-organised military hospital and military court were created by ... | 52,636 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
of our Fatherland Belarus to it. The Rada declares to the whole world the will of Belarusian peasantry that Belarus must be an independent republic in its ethnographc borders"
"Stating that and being the speaker of the will of the people, the Rada of Sluchchyna declares that it will stand for the... | 52,637 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
Słuck.
# The battles.
On November 27 the first encounters between Belarusian and Soviet forces began.
The Słuck brigade made some successful attacks near Kapyl, Cimkavichy and Vyzna. Against the Belarusian forces fought the Omsk division of the Red Army. Despite some support from the local popu... | 52,638 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
as well. Many of them did, as there were numerous Russian peasants opposing the Soviet agrarian policy among them. Therefore, the Bolsheviks had to bring in units consisting of Latvians and Chinese to combat the Belarusian units.
Still, the powers were unequal and on December 31 the Slutsk brigad... | 52,639 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
Perestroika, numerous political groups dedicated themselves to publicise the history of a movement that was virtually erased from history during the Soviet time. November 27 became a holiday that groups like the Belarusian Popular Front and some intellectuals celebrate as "Heroes Day". However, Be... | 52,640 |
7379461 | Slutsk Defence Action | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slutsk%20Defence%20Action | Slutsk Defence Action
selves to publicise the history of a movement that was virtually erased from history during the Soviet time. November 27 became a holiday that groups like the Belarusian Popular Front and some intellectuals celebrate as "Heroes Day". However, Belarusian officials under president Alexander Lukashen... | 52,641 |
750673 | Santa Rosa Mountains (California) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20Mountains%20(California) | Santa Rosa Mountains (California)
Santa Rosa Mountains (California)
The Santa Rosa Mountains are a short mountain range in the Peninsular Ranges system, located east of the Los Angeles Basin and northeast of the San Diego metropolitan area of southern California, in the southwestern United States.
# Geography.
The S... | 52,642 |
750673 | Santa Rosa Mountains (California) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20Mountains%20(California) | Santa Rosa Mountains (California)
south of Route 74, and on the northeast side of Anza-Borrego's Upper Coyote Canyon. The Santa Rosa Mountains are also a Great Basin Divide landform for the Salton Sink Watershed on the east. Besides Toro Peak, other significant mountains in the range include Santa Rosa Mountain, Martin... | 52,643 |
750673 | Santa Rosa Mountains (California) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20Mountains%20(California) | Santa Rosa Mountains (California)
extension of the higher northern San Jacinto Mountains. The name "Santa Rosa Mountains" first came into use by the USGS in 1901.
# Flora and fauna.
The Santa Rosa range lies within the Colorado Desert (lower elevations) and California montane chaparral and woodlands (higher elev.) ec... | 52,644 |
750673 | Santa Rosa Mountains (California) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20Mountains%20(California) | Santa Rosa Mountains (California)
home of a population of endangered Peninsular Bighorn Sheep, endemic to the Peninsular Ranges and distinct from the Desert Bighorn Sheep.
# Parks and conservation.
Most of the northern portion of the range, in Riverside County, is within the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains Natio... | 52,645 |
750673 | Santa Rosa Mountains (California) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20Mountains%20(California) | Santa Rosa Mountains (California)
go Badlands area of the expansive Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. Both provide interpretive visitor centers, trailheads, and many trails for experiencing the Santa Rosa Mountains at all elevations. In 1990 the California Legislature created the Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy to... | 52,646 |
750689 | Bright Futures Scholarship Program | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bright%20Futures%20Scholarship%20Program | Bright Futures Scholarship Program
Bright Futures Scholarship Program
Bright Futures is the name of a scholarship program in the state of Florida. It is funded by the Florida Lottery and was first started in 1997.
# Scholarships.
The program funds three scholarships, available to Florida residents who attend a Flori... | 52,647 |
750689 | Bright Futures Scholarship Program | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bright%20Futures%20Scholarship%20Program | Bright Futures Scholarship Program
Gold Seal Vocational Scholars: Requires a minimum weighted GPA of 3.0; available to students pursuing a career education or certificate program. The Florida Gold Seal CAPE Scholars program funds up to 60 credit hours for a bachelor of science or bachelor of applied science program fol... | 52,648 |
750689 | Bright Futures Scholarship Program | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bright%20Futures%20Scholarship%20Program | Bright Futures Scholarship Program
HOPE Scholarship. Originally the Program disbursed just above 42,000 scholarships for about $70 million. At the program's peak in 2008, it provided scholarships to 39% of Florida high school graduates, including 94 percent of incoming freshmen and 70 percent of all undergraduates at t... | 52,649 |
750689 | Bright Futures Scholarship Program | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bright%20Futures%20Scholarship%20Program | Bright Futures Scholarship Program
raise would mean that the state would have to spend more money to cover scholarships under the program.
The Florida Legislature enacted cuts to Bright Futures funding in 2011 by increasing the minimum SAT score required to qualify for the program. The changes took full effect for the... | 52,650 |
750689 | Bright Futures Scholarship Program | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bright%20Futures%20Scholarship%20Program | Bright Futures Scholarship Program
nts from predominantly poor schools. By the 2015-16 school year, the program covered only 20% of Florida high school graduates and paid an average of $2,000 per year.
In 2014, the United States Department of Education launched an investigation of the Bright Futures program due to all... | 52,651 |
750693 | Jimmie Crutchfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmie%20Crutchfield | Jimmie Crutchfield
Jimmie Crutchfield
John "Jimmie" William Crutchfield (March 25, 1910 – April 1, 1993) was a professional baseball outfielder in Negro league baseball from 1930 to 1945.
# Career.
Crutchfield began his career with the Birmingham Black Barons in 1930 but the following year moved to the Indianapolis ... | 52,652 |
750693 | Jimmie Crutchfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmie%20Crutchfield | Jimmie Crutchfield
catch when he chased down a long drive and leapt in the air, catching the ball in his bare hand. In 1941 he was named an All-Star again, this time as a member of the Chicago American Giants.
Crutchfield served in the military during World War II from 1943 to 1944. After his baseball career was over,... | 52,653 |
750693 | Jimmie Crutchfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmie%20Crutchfield | Jimmie Crutchfield
e military during World War II from 1943 to 1944. After his baseball career was over, he went to work for the United States Postal Service.
Crutchfield died in Chicago in 1993 and was interred in the nearby Burr Oak Cemetery, Alsip, Illinois, buried in an unmarked grave until 2004 when Peoria, Illin... | 52,654 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
Ostkreuz
Berlin Ostkreuz (literally "Berlin East Cross") is a station on the Berlin S-Bahn suburban railway and the busiest interchange station in Berlin. It is in the former East Berlin district of Friedrichshain, now part of the borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. A smaller part of the station is in Rummel... | 52,655 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
station was completely reconstruction from 2006 to December 2018 while train operations at the station continued. In the past it was exclusively used as a Berlin S-Bahn station, but it is now also a stopping point for regional services.
# History.
A railway crossing point in the area later called Ostkreuz wa... | 52,656 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
in 1872. Initially, they only served freight traffic, but on 1 January 1872 passenger traffic ran from the newly built "Stralau" station on the south curve to the "Niederschlesisch-Märkisches" station (later called just the "Schlesischer"—"Silesian"—station, now the Ostbahnhof).
There was no station at the in... | 52,657 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
station.
Around 1880, the railway facilities in this area were completely rebuilt. While the Eastern Railway and the Silesian Railway formerly ran in parallel and ended at different stations, they were combined with the reconstruction of both lines east of the connecting curves to the Ringbahn. Passenger traf... | 52,658 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
the construction of the tracks at the Silesian station, the passenger tracks running from there to the east were also rebuilt. The southern pair of tracks served the traffic to the Eastern Railway and the Silesian Railway, which branched in the area where the Ringbahn crosses. The northern track pair was built... | 52,659 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
station. During the construction work, the passenger traffic was temporarily relocated to the old Ostbahnhof station. In July 1880, the Silesian station went back into service for passenger traffic, followed by further construction work to connect it with the new Berlin Stadtbahn. "Stralau-Rummelsburg" station... | 52,660 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
It had a platform (later platform A) between the two connecting curves, an "intermediate" platform (in Germany, a low island platform with one platform edge and sometimes accessed by passengers across a rail track) on each of the curves connecting in opposite directions and a side and intermediate platform on ... | 52,661 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
The suburban trains of the Ringbahn coming from both the north and south ran via the connecting curves to Stralau-Rummelsburg station on the Stadtbahn and vice versa in the opposite direction. Stralau-Rummelsburg was also the end or starting point for some trains running on the Stadtbahn.
The later platforms ... | 52,662 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
the east were rebuilt because the at-grade junctions of the Eastern Railway and the Silesian Railway at the station had become an obstacle to the growing traffic. East of the station, the tracks for the long-distance lines were separated from the suburban lines and elevated on both lines. The Eastern Railway r... | 52,663 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
station. The associated platforms were put in operation on 1 October 1903 (Eastern Railway, platform D) and 18 April 1903 (Silesian Railway, platform E). The new platform F on the Ringbahn on the upper level of the station went into operation on 1 May 1903. At the same time, platform D also received a new entr... | 52,664 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
the 20th century, the core of the station received the design by which it was known for over 100 years. Some alterations took place from 1923 to designs by Richard Brademann. A pedestrian bridge was built over platforms D and E with exits to Hauptstraße and Sonntagstraße and ticket offices at each end.
Electr... | 52,665 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
years earlier. According to the Germania plan of the Nazis for the reconstruction of Berlin as capital of the Third Reich, a major station would have been built at Ostkreuz as the "Ostbahnhof" (east station). The planned nine mainline platforms would have been east of the Ringbahn. The S-Bahn services would ha... | 52,666 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
were dismantled after the end of the Second World War for war reparations, so with the reconstruction of the S-Bahn line (initially as a single track) in January 1948, trains stopped at a temporary platform on the mainline tracks. The southern Ringbahn curve was out of service from February/March 1945—probably... | 52,667 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
by the S-Bahn, especially in the 1970s and 1980s.
The outer platforms on the northern and southern connecting curve to the Ringbahn were closed in 1966 due to structural defects and were later demolished. Scheduled passenger services on the northern Ringbahn curve ended in 1994. The northern curve was occasio... | 52,668 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
and passages more usable. In the mid-1950s, the Berliner Zeitung surveyed its readers for ideas to improve the situation. As a result, Deutsche Reichsbahn announced in early 1956 that the stairs from the Ringbahn platform to the low-level platform D would be widened by one metre. However, a complete renovation... | 52,669 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
of a six-metre-wide tunnel below the lower platforms to connect with both the station’s entrance hall and the broad steps down from the lower platforms. Provision was made for the construction of escalators. It was expected to cost 7.5 million marks. In 1986, Erich Honecker announced the beginning of the "comp... | 52,670 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
have had to be made to the proposed redevelopment of the station complex.
### Planning.
Concrete plans for rebuilding Ostkreuz station were included in a project for "improving the Berlin railway node" after German reunification. This project was classified in the federal railway development act ("Bundesschi... | 52,671 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
stage. This mainly comprises the railway infrastructure along Hauptstraße to Schlichtallee including the southern overpass over Karlshorster Straße.
The reconstruction of the railway facilities went into full operation in December 2018. Transport planners expect the station to be used by over 123,000 passenge... | 52,672 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
Nöldnerplatz and Rummelsburg in the east including the reconstruction of Berlin Warschauer Straße station and the tracks to the Berlin Treptower Park station to the south.
The reconstruction amounted to new construction, which was carried out while trains are running and therefore took over ten years to compl... | 52,673 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
facilities of the new station differ in many ways from those of the old. Prior to the rebuilding, S-Bahn trains on the line to Erkner stopped at one platform and the trains on the lines to Strausberg, Ahrensfelde and Wartenberg via Lichtenberg stopped at another. Since the reconstruction, the two lower platfor... | 52,674 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
The Ringbahn S-Bahn platform was rebuilt at the old location, but it is now much wider and has been given a train shed. There is now no platform at the connecting curve from the southern Ringbahn to Stadtbahn, which is used by line S9 from Berlin Brandenburg Airport.
Regional platforms were built on the low-l... | 52,675 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
17th construction phase). It is 130 metres long and consists of a 3000 m² reinforced concrete slab resting on 20 to 30 metres deep diaphragm walls. This would allow an actual motorway tunnel to be built later without further interference with rail traffic.
The tramway that now runs through Boxhagener Straße w... | 52,676 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
ground-breaking ceremony was scheduled for 16 January 2007 but it had to be postponed. Construction started with the building of a bridge over the railway tracks for Kynaststraße, to the east of the station. In February 2008, a temporary pedestrian bridge was installed connecting the entrances of the station w... | 52,677 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
platform. The concourse for the S-Bahn tracks of the Ringbahn was completed in late 2011 and the station shell was commissioned on 16 April 2012.
All regional trains on the Stadtbahn now stop at the new lower regional platform on the Silesian Railway. The regional platform on the upper level was originally sc... | 52,678 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
and rebuilt.
The regional train platform Ru on the Stadtbahn level went into operation on 30 June 2014 and was initially used during construction work on S-Bahn platform E of S-Bahn line S3.
The commissioning of the new platform D followed on 7 October 2014. S-Bahn trains running towards Lichtenberg initiall... | 52,679 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
began In the summer of 2016. In addition, the north curve embankment, including the bridge over the approach from Sonntagstraße, was demolished.
Driver only operation supported by driver's cab monitor (called "Zugabfertigung durch den Triebfahrzeugführer mittels Führerraum-Monitor"; ZAT-FM) went into operatio... | 52,680 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
to the city centre, where at first there were considerable operational problems. Since August 2017, a new computer-based interlocking has controlled the S-Bahn tracks of the Stadtbahn level between Ostbahnhof and Rummelsburg or Nöldnerplatz, using the new Zugbeeinflussungssystem S-Bahn Berlin (Berlin S-Bahn Tr... | 52,681 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
station. At the same time platform Ru became operational for regional services on lines RE1, RE2, RE7 and RB14. Regional services also stopped serving Berlin-Karlshorst station.
The four-track infrastructure of the S-Bahn between Ostbahnhof and Ostkreuz went into operation on 6 December 2017. It and four S-Ba... | 52,682 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
northern end of the pedestrian bridge and the layout of the forecourts had not yet begun at this time.
The commissioning of the new tram line was originally planned for 2016. In the autumn of 2015, 2019 was mentioned as opening date of the tram line. The project is controversial for some of the residents, so ... | 52,683 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
invested in the project by 2010. The investment proposed for 2010 in the federal transport infrastructure plan ("Investitionsrahmenplan bis 2010 für die Verkehrsinfrastruktur des Bundes") provided for the expenditure of €143.1 million on the project (2006 costs). By 2005, a total of €9.6 million had been spent... | 52,684 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
Straße station) was set at €411 million, including an additional €6 million for new work at Ostbahnhof.
The roof of the upper regional platform is being funded by the government of Berlin with €1.5 million from funds for overcoming the operational constraints of the Berlin S-Bahn.
The work carried out to ena... | 52,685 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
Ringbahn. There were also platforms on the long-distance tracks of the Silesian Railway and the Eastern Railway, which separated to the east of the station. Presumably, there was an island platform on the northern track and an intermediate platform on the southern track. In addition, there was a freight track ... | 52,686 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
tracks of the upper platforms (A, B, C and F) were about six metres above the level of the lower platforms (D and E).
The long-distance tracks of the Silesian Railway were built south of the lower platforms, and were not provided with a platform in Ostkreuz. The long-distance tracks of the Ringbahn are locate... | 52,687 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
triangular platform was on an embankment west of platforms D and E between the curved lines connecting the Stadtbahn with the Ringbahn. The platform canopy was supported by one-piece, riveted steel girders. Trains from the Stadtbahn to the northern Ringbahn stopped on the northern side of the platform and trai... | 52,688 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
a platform.
Originally ramps ran from the Simplonstraße in the north and the Markgrafendamm in the south to the platform and the later entrance building. With the construction of the pedestrian bridge and the two entrance buildings in Sonntagstraße and Markgrafendamm, the platform was accessible from the brid... | 52,689 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
were connected to platform A by a short tunnel.
Platform C was built in 1895/1896 for the Berlin trade exposition in Treptower Park. It was taken out of service on 12 April 1966 due to disrepair, as was platform B in the same year. Trains running towards the southern ring and from the northern ring then ran w... | 52,690 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
A in the east and the Ringbahn platform F in the west, with no platforms on top of each other. Due to the spreading of the tracks from Lichtenberg to accommodate the connecting curves from the Ringbahn the platform was unusually wide. The station building, which stood at its western end, was destroyed in 1945.... | 52,691 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
The original platform roof was supported by paired columns of cast iron in Jugendstil design. It was taken out of service in July 2014 and was subsequently replaced by a new structure.
### Platform F.
This S-Bahn platform of the Ringbahn was originally located on a bridge over the tracks of the Stadtbahn and... | 52,692 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
platforms of the Ringbahn, but are well separated from the connecting curve, which was also given no platform for this reason. The S-Bahn platform on the Ringbahn was rebuilt in about the old location. The station is supplemented by several new Regionalbahn services.
### Platform D.
The new platform D is a p... | 52,693 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
trains running to the eastern suburbs have stopped at the new platform E since August 2017. The observation shed and the platform canopy here were also rebuilt in the style of the old platform.
### Platform F.
The S-Bahn platform of the Ringbahn was built in a similar position as its predecessor, but signifi... | 52,694 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
ZAT-FM).
### Regionalbahn high-level platform (Ro).
The Regionalbahn upper platform (Deutsche Bahn abbreviates it "Ro", standing for "Regionalbahnsteig oben") was built in 2009 as a regional platform on the Ringbahn. It was used temporarily by S-Bahn services until 30 March 2012, when it was taken out of ser... | 52,695 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
it was provisionally used from July 2014 for S-Bahn services towards Erkner and it was then closed for rebuilding.
### Regionalbahn platform on the Eastern Railway (Rn1).
The first of two planned Regionalbahn platforms north of the S-Bahn tracks was built from 2012 and went into operation provisionally on 13... | 52,696 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
for regional services that begin or end at Ostkreuz, coming from or going towards Lichtenberg.
## Entrance building.
The entrance building built in 1903 was on the west side of platform D at the entrance to the oldest part of the station and near platform A. It was destroyed during the Second World War. Its ... | 52,697 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
to Hauptstraße and to Sonntagstraße. Originally there was also a direct connection from the bridge over a pier to platform A, which was destroyed during the Second World War.
In the course of the station renovation, the bridge was demolished and replaced by a temporary pedestrian bridge. From April 2016 to De... | 52,698 |
7379420 | Ostkreuz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostkreuz | Ostkreuz
be provided with a toilet block on the ground floor. The windows were built to reflect the historical design, but in metal with safety glazing that will meet current standards. The superstructure is covered with asphalt and the steps with natural stone.
The first part of the newly constructed bridge went into... | 52,699 |
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