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1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
South West Pacific Area (command)
South West Pacific Area (SWPA) was the name given to the Allied supreme military command in the South West Pacific Theatre of World War II. It was one of four major Allied commands in the Pacific War. SWPA included the Philippines, Borneo, the Dutch E... | 56,200 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
created five subordinate commands: Allied Land Forces, Allied Air Forces, Allied Naval Forces, United States Army Forces in Australia (USAFIA), and the United States Army Forces in the Philippines. The last command disappeared when Corregidor surrendered on 6 May 1942, while USAFIA bec... | 56,201 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
on 2 September 1945.
# Origins.
The forerunner of the South West Pacific Area was the short-lived American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDA). In December 1941 and January 1942 ABDA was referred to as the South West Pacific Area. The rapid Japanese advance through the Dutch East... | 56,202 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
rerouted to Brisbane due to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Brigadier General Julian F. Barnes was ordered to assume command of all troops in the convoy on 12 December 1941 concurrent with their designation as Task Force—South Pacific, and place himself under the command of MacArthur. The ... | 56,203 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
Its mission was to create a base in Australia for the support of the forces still in the Philippines.
The staff, known as the "Remember Pearl Harbor" (RPH) group, selected by the War Department for USAFIA arrived Melbourne 1 February 1942 aboard and in the first large convoy bearing p... | 56,204 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
and New Zealand chiefs of staff that were held in Melbourne between 26 February and 1 March 1942. They proposed creating a new theatre of war encompassing Australia and New Zealand, under the command of Wavell's former deputy, Lieutenant General George Brett, who had assumed command of... | 56,205 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
for the Pacific, where there would be an American supreme commander responsible to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Churchill responded favourably to the proposal, and the governments of Australia and New Zealand were then consulted. They endorsed the idea of an American supreme commander, b... | 56,206 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
was replaced as the Australian representative by Stanley Bruce in June 1942. A parallel Pacific War Council was created in Washington, D.C., that first met on 1 April 1942. It was chaired by Roosevelt, with Richard Casey and later Owen Dixon representing Australia, and Prime Minister M... | 56,207 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
1942, and had therefore been promised the command even before there were discussions on what it should be. MacArthur had solid support from the President, the Army and the American people, but not the Navy. The Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, Admiral Ernest King, saw the Pacif... | 56,208 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
Zealand in separate theatres. The Joint Chiefs of Staff discussed the matter between 9 and 16 March, the result of which was a decision to adopt the Navy's plan, with only minor amendments.
While this was still going on General Marshall, had contacted Brett and asked him to get the Au... | 56,209 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
theatre into three areas: the Pacific Ocean Areas (POA), under Admiral Chester Nimitz; the Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA), under MacArthur; and the Southeast Pacific Area, which never became an active theatre. The former Anzac Area was divided between SWPA and the POA.
An annex defined... | 56,210 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
the Australian government was adamant that it should be consulted on any alteration to the boundaries or command arrangements in SWPA. The government was particularly concerned that the Supreme Commander should not move troops outside Australia or Australian territory without its conse... | 56,211 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
a few months later, Curtin was consulted, and concurred with the change.
# General Headquarters.
MacArthur became the Supreme Commander Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA) on 18 April 1942, although he preferred to use the more conventional title of Commander in Chief. MacArthur's first Ge... | 56,212 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
surrendered on Corregidor on 6 May.
MacArthur announced the composition of his staff, known as General Headquarters (GHQ) on 19 April. Major General Richard K. Sutherland became Chief of Staff; Brigadier General Richard J. Marshall, Deputy Chief of Staff; Colonel Charles P. Stivers, A... | 56,213 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
General; and Colonel LeGrande A. Diller, Public Relations Officer.
Although Marshall had recommended that MacArthur appoint as many Australian and Dutch officers to senior positions as possible, most of his staff was made up of US Army officers who had served under him in the Philippi... | 56,214 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
on the staff.
In July, MacArthur moved his GHQ north, from Melbourne to Brisbane, where it was located in the AMP Building. The original intention had been to move to Townsville, but this was found to be impractical, as Townsville lacked the communications facilities that GHQ required... | 56,215 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
were placed under MacArthur's command, including those in Nimitz's Pacific Ocean Areas. A new command was formed, Army Forces Pacific (AFPAC), with GHQ operating as the headquarters of both AFPAC and SWPA. Units in POA remained under Nimitz's operational control, and the first major fo... | 56,216 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
General Headquarters (Australia), and became known as LHQ. An Australian commander was chosen as most of the land forces were Australian. In April 1942, there were 38,000 American ground troops in SWPA and 369,000 Australian. LHQ controlled five major commands: Lieutenant General Sir J... | 56,217 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
of 463,000 men and women, and there were 173,000 US Army ground personnel in SWPA. By late 1944, there were eighteen American divisions in SWPA, while the Australian Army had just seven.
When GHQ moved up to Brisbane, LHQ remained behind in Melbourne, but Blamey formed an Advanced LHQ... | 56,218 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
GHQ moved to Leyte in February 1945, Advanced LHQ remained behind. A Forward Echelon LHQ was formed under Berryman that remained co-located with the main body of GHQ, while the main body of LHQ remained at Hollandia until it moved to Morotai for the operations in Borneo in April 1945.
... | 56,219 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
1943, Lieutenant General Walter Krueger's Sixth Army arrived in SWPA, and its headquarters became that of Alamo Force. Alamo Force reported directly to MacArthur, and as a result Blamey did not command of the majority of American land forces in the theatre after that time, although his... | 56,220 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
General Walter Krueger's Sixth US Army, Lieutenant General Robert Eichelberger's Eighth United States Army, Lieutenant General Vernon Sturdee's First Australian Army, Lieutenant General Leslie Morshead's I Australian Corps and Major General Oscar Griswold's XIV Corps reporting directly... | 56,221 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
(RAAF) officer, Air Vice Marshal William Bostock, as his chief of staff. Each United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) staff officer was paired with a RAAF officer, with the senior staff posts divided evenly between them. A majority of command positions were held by Australians. To make u... | 56,222 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
to have Bostock in operational command, and although he regarded the antipathy between Jones and Bostock as a nuisance, was happy to leave arrangements the way they were.
One of MacArthur's first orders to Brett was for a bombing mission to the Philippines, an order delivered personal... | 56,223 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
Army Air Forces, Lieutenant General Henry Arnold, had become alarmed at Brett's integration of the USAAF and RAAF, and disturbed by his inability to work with MacArthur. On 6 July 1942 Marshall radioed MacArthur to offer him Major General George Kenney or Brigadier General Jimmy Doolit... | 56,224 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
as commander of the V Bomber Command. Allied Air Forces was composed of both USAAF and RAAF personnel, and Kenney moved to separate them. Brigadier General Donald Wilson arrived in September and replaced Air Vice Marshal Bostock as Kenney's chief of staff, while Bostock took over the n... | 56,225 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
invalidate orders drawn up in Australia. He created the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Air Task Forces to control air operations in a forward area for a specific mission, another departure from doctrine. While Kenney was enthusiastic about this innovation, Washington did not like it and, over Kenney... | 56,226 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
Commodore Harry Cobby in October 1944, and when MacArthur became commander of all Army forces in the Pacific, the Seventh Air Force was added as well. Major General Paul Wurtsmith replaced Streett in March 1945, and Air Commodore Frederick Scherger replaced Cobby in May. Allied Air For... | 56,227 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
to Admiral King. The most important force under his command was Rear Admiral John Gregory Crace's Anzac Squadron. When SWPA and the Allied Naval Forces were formed in April 1942, Leary also became Commander, Southwest Pacific Force (COMSOUWESPAC), while Crace's Anzac Squadron became Ta... | 56,228 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
the agreement of the Australian government, Leary was succeeded as Commander, Southwest Pacific Force, and Commander, Allied Naval Forces, by Vice Admiral Arthur S. Carpender on 11 September 1942. Like his predecessor, he reported to King in the former role, and MacArthur in the latter... | 56,229 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
renamed the Seventh Fleet on 15 March 1943, and its task forces were renumbered to match, so Task Force 44 became Task Force 74. Another important component was Task Force 76, the Amphibious Force, Southwest Pacific, which had been formed under Rear Admiral Daniel Barbey on 8 January 1... | 56,230 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
Royle, a Royal Navy officer, communicated directly with the Admiralty; he was also aware that Royle had been critical of SWPA's command arrangements, and of some of his decisions. MacArthur proposed that an Australian officer, Captain John Collins, replace Royle as CNS, an appointment ... | 56,231 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
to be replaced, only to be embarrassed in November 1943 when King replaced Carpender with Vice Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid without informing MacArthur or seeking the approval of the Australian government. However, a face-saving formula was agreed upon. For the invasion of Leyte, the Seve... | 56,232 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
U.S. Army Forces in Australia (USAFIA) a series of bases had gradually been built in Australia, initially to support the US forces in the Philippines. Seven base sections were established in Australia to operate under USAFIA: Base Section 1 at Birdum, Northern Territory; Base Section 2... | 56,233 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
Army headquarters arrived in Australia in February 1943, the administrative functions were taken from USASOS and given to a new headquarters, United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE), under MacArthur's command. This had the same name as MacArthur's old headquarters in the Phi... | 56,234 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
Advanced Sub Base A and Advanced Sub Base B respectively in April 1943. Advanced Sub Base C was created on Goodenough Island in April 1943, but was discontinued when the island was handed over to Sixth Army control in July. Meanwhile, Advanced Sub Base D was formed at Port Moresby in M... | 56,235 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
No one fleet composed the assets available to the Commander in Chief, SWPA as the U. S. Navy, Royal Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, Netherlands East Indies Navy were under his operational command while being maintained under their respective organizations. Those assets we... | 56,236 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
Dutch vessels later known as the "KPM vessels" after the Dutch shipping line's name, Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij. As of 28 April 1942 the Army fleet had grown to twenty-eight ships and by 24 January 1945 that fleet of large ships exceeded ninety with a peak of ninety-eight by 1... | 56,237 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
from the United States. The permanent fleet of SWPA almost had as many vessels as the Army’s general fleet during some periods, though those vessels were often small, obsolete, in poor condition and under unorthodox management in comparison.
As the Allied forces advanced, new bases we... | 56,238 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
had been renamed in February 1945. In New Guinea, Base D was closed in July 1945, and Bases A, B and E in September, leaving Bases F, G and H. Meanwhile, a series of bases were opened in the Philippines: Base K on Leyte, Base M on Luzon, Base R at Batangas, Base S on Cebu and base X at... | 56,239 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
intelligence organisation, known as the Central Bureau. The Australian, British, and US Armies, as well as the RAAF and the RAN all supplied personnel for this formation, which worked on codebreaking and decrypting Japanese message traffic. This Magic and Ultra intelligence was vitally... | 56,240 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
and the propaganda specialists of the Far Eastern Liaison Office (FELO). Two other important combined organisations, not part of AIB, were the Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS), which translated Japanese documents, and the Allied Geographical Section, which prepared maps... | 56,241 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
to be useful after the war as well. David Horner later wrote that "it may prove that present day intelligence cooperation has proved to be the most lasting and important legacy of Australia's experience of coalition warfare in the Second World War."
# Legacy.
The Allied command struc... | 56,242 |
1403808 | South West Pacific Area (command) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South%20West%20Pacific%20Area%20(command) | South West Pacific Area (command)
g and important legacy of Australia's experience of coalition warfare in the Second World War."
# Legacy.
The Allied command structure in the South West Pacific Area faced the challenges of coalition warfare in several ways, with varying degrees of success. The benefits of the wartim... | 56,243 |
1403859 | Manor Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manor%20Park | Manor Park
Manor Park
Manor Park may refer to:
# Canada.
- Manor Park, Nova Scotia, a neighborhood in Dartmouth
- Manor Park (Ottawa), Canada
# New Zealand.
- Manor Park, New Zealand, a suburb of Lower Hutt
# United Kingdom.
- Manor Park, London
- Manor Park, a park in Hither Green, London
- Manor Park, an ar... | 56,244 |
9570811 | Out of the Ashes (2003 film) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Out%20of%20the%20Ashes%20(2003%20film) | Out of the Ashes (2003 film)
Out of the Ashes (2003 film)
Out of the Ashes is a 2003 American made-for-television biographical drama film that was released by Showtime. It is a dramatization of the life of Holocaust concentration camp survivor Gisella Perl and is based on her book "I Was a Doctor in Auschwitz".
# Plo... | 56,245 |
9570811 | Out of the Ashes (2003 film) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Out%20of%20the%20Ashes%20(2003%20film) | Out of the Ashes (2003 film)
recounts her early life when she aspired to be a doctor despite the admonishments of her father, her time practicing as a gynecologist before the German invasion, and her experiences as prisoner #25404, where she provided what medical care she could to fellow prisoners. Her most controversi... | 56,246 |
9570811 | Out of the Ashes (2003 film) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Out%20of%20the%20Ashes%20(2003%20film) | Out of the Ashes (2003 film)
her over several days, she becomes increasingly emotional and questions her own determination to survive, as well as her guilt at having lived while so many others did not. She testifies that despite her intention to keep herself and others alive, she unknowingly became part of the Nazi eff... | 56,247 |
9570811 | Out of the Ashes (2003 film) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Out%20of%20the%20Ashes%20(2003%20film) | Out of the Ashes (2003 film)
Lahti as Gisella Perl
- Beau Bridges as Herman Prentiss
- Richard Crenna as Jake Smith
- Bruce Davison as Peter Schuman
- Jonathan Cake as Dr. Mengele
- Zoie Palmer as Didi Goldstein
- Jolyon Baker as Frederick Krauss
- Jessica Beitchman as Marta Weiss
- Oliver Cotton as Moshe Perl
... | 56,248 |
9570811 | Out of the Ashes (2003 film) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Out%20of%20the%20Ashes%20(2003%20film) | Out of the Ashes (2003 film)
- Michelle Fine as Fanny Perl
- Maria Ricossa as Esther Jacob
- Ingrid Veninger as Zozia
- Emma Wellbelove as Young Gisella
- Nina Young as Irma Grese
- as David Perl
- Inga Tuminiene as Cilla Perl
- Adrija Cepaite-Palsauskiene as Rose Perl
- Inga Maskarina as Helen Perl
- Nola Aug... | 56,249 |
1403858 | Riona Hazuki | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riona%20Hazuki | Riona Hazuki
Riona Hazuki
Riona Hazuki (葉月里緒奈 "Hazuki Riona"), born Mai Yamada (山田麻衣 "Yamada Mai", born on July 11, 1975 in Tokyo, Japan), is a Japanese actress. In 1999, she played the main role in Owls' Castle.
# Selected filmography.
- "Sharaku" (1995)
- "Kuro no Tenshi" (1997)
- "Parasite Eve" (1997)
- "Owls'... | 56,250 |
1403847 | Pandiagonal magic cube | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pandiagonal%20magic%20cube | Pandiagonal magic cube
Pandiagonal magic cube
In recreational mathematics, a pandiagonal magic cube is a magic cube with the additional property that all broken diagonals (parallel to exactly two of the three coordinate axes) have the same sum as each other. Pandiagonal magic cubes are extensions of diagonal magic cub... | 56,251 |
1403847 | Pandiagonal magic cube | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pandiagonal%20magic%20cube | Pandiagonal magic cube
the cube) and generalize pandiagonal magic squares to three dimensions.
In a pandiagonal magic cube, all 3m planar arrays must be panmagic squares. The 6 oblique squares are always magic. Several of them may be panmagic squares.
A proper pandiagonal magic cube has exactly 9m lines plus the 4 ma... | 56,252 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
Regalia
Regalia is a Latin plurale tantum word that has different definitions. In one rare definition, it refers to the exclusive privileges of a sovereign. The word originally referred to the elaborate formal dress and dress accessories of a sovereign, but now the word usually refers to any type of elaborate ... | 56,253 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
is the right to mint coins, and especially coins that bear one's own effigy. In many cases, especially in feudal societies and generally weak states, such rights have in time been eroded by grants to, or usurpations by, lesser vassals.
# Royal dress, accessories, and associated pomp.
Some emblems, symbols, or... | 56,254 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
to lend luster to occasions such as coronations. They feature some combination of precious materials, artistic merit, and symbolic or historical value. Crown jewels may have been designated at the start of a dynasty, accumulated through many years of tradition, or sent as tangible recognition of legitimacy by s... | 56,255 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
of the emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire
But some elements occur in many traditions.
## Headgear.
- Crowns and variations (diadem, tiara)
- Cap of Maintenance
## Other regal dress and jewelry.
- Armills—bracelets
- (Ermine) coronation mantle
- Gloves
- Barmi (Бармы) or barmas, a detachable si... | 56,256 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
of Justice
- Mace
- Sword - for examples, see Sword of Justice; Sword of State; Sword of Mercy (known also as Edward the Confessor's Sword)
- Other weapons, such as a dagger (as in Arabian and Indian traditions), a spear, or a royal kris (in Malay traditions)
- Crook and flail
- Fly-whisk; In Japan, it is ... | 56,257 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
Treasures of Japan as follows:
- The sword, Kusanagi (草薙剣) (or possibly a replica of the original; located at Atsuta Shrine in Nagoya) represents valor
- The jewel or necklace of jewels, Yasakani no magatama (八尺瓊曲玉; at Kokyo in Tokyo), represents benevolence
- The mirror, Yata no kagami (八咫鏡), located in the... | 56,258 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
objects are presented and/or used in the formal ceremony of enthronement/coronation. They can be associated with an office or court sinecure (cfr. archoffices) that enjoys the privilege to carry, present and/or use it at the august occasion, and sometimes on other formal occasions, such as a royal funeral.
Suc... | 56,259 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
e.g. Stone of Scone or Lia Fáil.
## Companions' attributes.
Apart from the sovereign himself, attributes (especially a crown) can be used for close relatives who are allowed to share in the pomp. For example, in Norway, the queen consort and the crown prince are the only other members of the royal family to p... | 56,260 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
white togas, for whom the term purpuratus was coined as a high aulic distinction.
In late imperial China, the color yellow was reserved for the emperor, as it had a multitude of meanings. Yellow was a symbol of gold, and thus wealth and power, and since it was also the color that symbolized the center in Chine... | 56,261 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
such as
- A fanfare or other specific piece of music
- Reserved instruments, such as silver trumpets, or in India (especially Mewar) the Nakkara drum
- The ceremonial Nobat orchestra is a formal requirement for a valid Malaysian coronation.
# Non-royal regalia.
## Academic regalia.
Academic dress is a tra... | 56,262 |
1403809 | Regalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regalia | Regalia
a university degree (or similar), or hold a status that entitles them to assume them (e.g., undergraduate students at certain old universities). It is also known as academicals and, in the United States, as academic regalia.
## Other regalia.
Another example of non-royal regalia is the traditional dress that ... | 56,263 |
1403839 | Pietro Antonio Solari | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietro%20Antonio%20Solari | Pietro Antonio Solari
Pietro Antonio Solari
Pietro Antonio Solari (Latin: Petrus Antonius Solarius) (c. 1445 – May 1493), also known as Pyotr Fryazin, was an Italian architect and sculptor.
He was born in Carona, Ticino, and apprenticed under his father Guiniforte Solari, himself an architect and sculptor. In 1476, h... | 56,264 |
1403839 | Pietro Antonio Solari | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietro%20Antonio%20Solari | Pietro Antonio Solari
Aleviz) and towers of the Kremlin, including the Borovitskaya, Konstantino-Eleninskaya, Spasskaya, Nikolskaya, and Corner Arsenalnaya towers. Engineering methods, technique and architectural forms, used by Solari, were reminiscent of the fortifications of Northern Italy.
On top of the Spasskie Ga... | 56,265 |
1403839 | Pietro Antonio Solari | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietro%20Antonio%20Solari | Pietro Antonio Solari
rner Arsenalnaya towers. Engineering methods, technique and architectural forms, used by Solari, were reminiscent of the fortifications of Northern Italy.
On top of the Spasskie Gates there was inscribed the following inscription: IOANNES VASILII DEI GRATIA MAGNUS DUX VOLODIMERIAE, MOSCOVIAE, NOV... | 56,266 |
1403865 | Mount Qingcheng | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Qingcheng | Mount Qingcheng
Mount Qingcheng
Mount Qingcheng () is a mountain in Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China. It is considered one of the birthplaces of Taoism (Daoism) and one of the most important Taoist centres in China. In Taoist mythology, it was the site of the Yellow Emperor's studies with Ning Fengzi. As a centre of the Tao... | 56,267 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
Physical culture
Physical culture is a health and strength training movement that originated during the 19th century in Germany, the UK and the US.
# Origins.
The physical culture movement in the United States of the 19th century owed its origins to several cultural trends.
In the United States, Ge... | 56,268 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
mainly in the cities with a large German-American population, but their influence slowly spread.
By the late 19th century reformers worried that sedentary white collar workers were suffering from various "diseases of affluence" that were partially attributed to their increasingly sedentary lifestyles.... | 56,269 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
sports equipment. During the early and mid-19th century, these printed works and items of apparatus generally addressed exercise as a form of remedial physical therapy.
Certain items of equipment and types of exercise were common to several different physical culture systems, including exercises with ... | 56,270 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
Follansbee Goodrich former instructor at Department of Physical Culture of Yale College, supports in his work 'Moral, intellectual and Physical Culture' or 'Philosophy of true living' character, philosophy and lifestyle with a set of virtues;
- Rule of Action, would we like to know the lawfulness of f... | 56,271 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
Resolution, earnest and resolute is brought to forefront of actions with the motto; “Either I will find a way or make one.”
- The Three Angels, Three angels carry with them the hearts of all men, their name Faith, Hope, and Charity. "Faith takes the hand of weary ones when the night-clouds gather arou... | 56,272 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
passers by may not see how soiled and tattered they are."
- Charity, the motto breathes new life in any heart with; “Fair charity, be thou my guest. And be thy constant couch, my breast.” and by some unknown writer it was remarked; “Did universal charity prevail, earth would be Heaven, and Hell a fabl... | 56,273 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
according to their need.”. Our men and women don't love moral ideas placed down into defects, we don't love with idolatry, we don't love for smiles and to please.
- Truth, it is said; "Truth is the first law in the government of speech."
- Honesty, man can succeed permanently by directly opposing fra... | 56,274 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
to do, do it with thy might.”
- Prudence, "Prudence is the combination of wisdom, reason, discretion, and common sense; the offspring of a clear head, a correct judgment, and a good heart.". Know providence and in the determinism of providence we are calm, see all of mankind as giving and charitable, ... | 56,275 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
“Punctuality, is the politeness of kings.”. "It is also the duty of gentlemen, and the necessity of men of business."
- Habit, when prudence becomes your habit then every reckless proliferation shall be revolting to every principle held by your self.
- Brevity, Let friendly calls, communications to t... | 56,276 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
alike by those talents, all those talents that we have, to those poorer than ourselves.
- Contentment, “Do you know what the people of Cape Ann do when it rains? They let it rain!”
- Cheerfulness, "cheerfulness and happy mind gives us free and easy circulation", we should always be and make ourselves... | 56,277 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
overflows bowls in the needy and forsaken, friendship is precious and even more precious than intricately carved stone from the farthest parts of the earth, its vast and above intellect. God gives us a great joyful feeling to have such consciousness and exceeding gratitude in its place and influence it... | 56,278 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
On the contrary, to use the words of Burke “Difficulty is a severe instructor set over us by the supreme ordinance of a parental Guardian and Instructor who knows us better than we know ourselves, as he loves us better too. He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves, and sharpens our skill — our a... | 56,279 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
became increasingly popular and profitable, there arose intense national and then international competition amongst the founders and/or promoters of various systems. This rivalry became informally known as "the Battle of the Systems". Both public gyms and educational institutions tended to take an ecle... | 56,280 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
combined physical training with intellectual pursuits and with a strong emphasis upon German culture. Numerous events in modern competitive gymnastics originated in, or were popularized by the Turnverein system.
The Czech Sokol physical culture movement was largely inspired by the Turnverein.
By cont... | 56,281 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
Edmond Desbonnet and George Hebert popularized their own systems within France and French-speaking countries. Bernarr Macfadden's system became especially popular within the United States, via the promotion carried out through his publishing empire.
Other notable advocates of physical culture include ... | 56,282 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
to seniors. The original physie school was the medical gymnasium Bjelke-Petersen Bros, founded in Hobart in 1892 by Hans Christian Bjelke-Petersen. It has been in continuous operation since that time (becoming the Bjelke-Petersen School of Physical Culture Ltd. in 2011). Other leading historical school... | 56,283 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
since the 1980s, and numerous articles, theses and books have been produced addressing the topic from various perspectives.
A number of contemporary strength and health training programs are based directly upon, or draw inspiration from various physical culture systems.
The historic Hegeler Carus Man... | 56,284 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
Texas at Austin and the Gymuseum collection at the Forteza Fitness and Martial Arts studio in Ravenswood, Chicago.
# See also.
- Fitness culture
- Gymnastics
- Modern yoga, based on a combination of physical culture and hatha yoga
- Pilates
# Further reading.
- McKenzie, Shelly. "Getting Physica... | 56,285 |
1403831 | Physical culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical%20culture | Physical culture
Culture in America" (University Press of Kansas; 2013) 304 pages
- Martschukat, Jürgen. "'The Necessity for Better Bodies to Perpetuate Our Institutions, Insure a Higher Development of the Individual, and Advance the Conditions of the Race.' Physical Culture and the Formation of the Self in the Late N... | 56,286 |
1403871 | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20and%20Life%20Sciences,%20Vienna | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, or simply BOKU (derived from its German name, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, ), founded in 1872, is an education and research centre for ... | 56,287 |
1403871 | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20and%20Life%20Sciences,%20Vienna | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
There are currently around 12,500 students from over 100 countries enrolled at BOKU.
# Campus.
After 27 years at "Palais Schönborn" the City of Vienna decided in 1896 to build a new campus at "Türkenschanzpark" in the 18th district. The departments of sustaina... | 56,288 |
1403871 | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20and%20Life%20Sciences,%20Vienna | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
in Tulln, north of the city, with biotechnology and agricultural sciences laboratories and facilities. Other important locations and testing fields are Groß-Enzersdorf (Lower Austria), Jedlersdorf (Vienna), Knödelhütte (Vienna), Heuberg/Rosalia (Burgenland) and ... | 56,289 |
1403871 | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20and%20Life%20Sciences,%20Vienna | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Chemistry ("Department für Chemie")
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research ("Department für Integrative Biologie und Biodiversitätsforschung")
- Department of Food science and Technology ("Department für Lebensmittelwissens... | 56,290 |
1403871 | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20and%20Life%20Sciences,%20Vienna | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences ("Department für Wald- und Bodenwissenschaften")
- Department of Crop Sciences ("Department für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften")
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln ("Interuniversitäres Department für Agrarbiotechno... | 56,291 |
1403871 | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20and%20Life%20Sciences,%20Vienna | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
specialisations and possibilities for majors. The language of instruction is partly German, partly English. For many MSc programmes the language of instruction is English only. In general, programmes start each year in October and take three years for a BSc dipl... | 56,292 |
1403871 | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20and%20Life%20Sciences,%20Vienna | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
education component. In order to guarantee adequate supervision, the research subject must fit the research programme of BOKU and its institutes.
Due to BOKU's extensive world-wide engagement, the university offers many international MSc programmes as joint or ... | 56,293 |
1403871 | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20and%20Life%20Sciences,%20Vienna | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment (HUJI), Lincoln University, New Zealand (LU) and Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS).
# Notable alumni.
- Leopold Figl – Federal Chancellor of Austria (1... | 56,294 |
1403871 | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20and%20Life%20Sciences,%20Vienna | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
of Salzburg (1961–1977)
- Hermann Neubacher – Mayor of Vienna (1938–1940)
- Erwin Pröll – Governor of Lower Austria (1992–2017)
- Josef Pröll – Federal Minister of Finance and Vice-Chancellor (2008–2011)
- Hans Tuppy – Biochemist und Federal Minister of Scie... | 56,295 |
1403871 | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20and%20Life%20Sciences,%20Vienna | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Forest Scientist and Inventor
- Adolf Cieslar - Forest Scientist
- Adolf Ritter von Guttenberg - Forest Scientist
- Herbert Killian - Forest Historian
- Josef Kisser - Botanist
- Helga Kromp-Kolb – Meteorologist und Climate Scientist, Austrian Scientist of ... | 56,296 |
9570827 | Michael Peters (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael%20Peters%20(disambiguation) | Michael Peters (disambiguation)
Michael Peters (disambiguation)
Michael Peters (1948–1994) was an American choreographer.
Michael Peters may also refer to:
- Mike Peters (cartoonist) (born 1943), American cartoonist
- Mike Peters (musician) (born 1959), Welsh singer, musician and song writer with The Alarm
- Mike ... | 56,297 |
1403866 | Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autódromo%20Juan%20y%20Oscar%20Gálvez | Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez
Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez
The Autódromo de Buenos Aires Juan y Oscar Gálvez (official name) is a 45,000 capacity motor racing circuit in Buenos Aires, Argentina built in 1952 under president Juan Perón, named "Autódromo 17 de Octubre" after the date of Loyalty Day until Perón's overth... | 56,298 |
1403866 | Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autódromo%20Juan%20y%20Oscar%20Gálvez | Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez
No.4 1964, No.15 1966–68, No.12 1978)
- 1983–1985: Buenos Aires Grand Prix – Formula 2 Codasur (circuit No.4)
- 1954–1960 / 1970–1972: 1000 km of Buenos Aires sports car series Grand Prix (1952 circuit No.1 plus various street layouts)
- 1961–1999: Argentine motorcycle Grand Prix (circu... | 56,299 |
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