wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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420771 | Tokyo Broadcasting System | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo%20Broadcasting%20System | Tokyo Broadcasting System
and TBS Sports Incorporated (株式会社ティ・ビー・エス・スポーツ), and founded TBS Live Incorporated (株式会社ティ・ビー・エス・ライブ) the next day. On October 1, 2001, TBS succeeded the radio station to TBS Radio & Communications, and changed callsign of TV station (JOKR-TV → JORX-TV).
- July 1, 2002 - starts broadcasting o... | 57,300 |
420771 | Tokyo Broadcasting System | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo%20Broadcasting%20System | Tokyo Broadcasting System
TBS on December 1 and plans to form a business alliance with the broadcast company.
- April 1, 2006 - Digital terrestrial broadcasts commence.
- April 1, 2009 - TBS became a certified broadcast holding company named "Tokyo Broadcasting System Holdings, Inc." (株式会社東京放送ホールディングス, TBSHD). TV bro... | 57,301 |
420771 | Tokyo Broadcasting System | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo%20Broadcasting%20System | Tokyo Broadcasting System
in the team.
# Broadcasting.
## Analog.
JORX-TV (former callsign: JOKR-TV) - TBS Television (TBSテレビジョン (former Japanese name: 東京放送))
- Tokyo Tower - Channel 6
- Islands in Tokyo
- Ibaraki Prefecture
- Tochigi Prefecture
- Gunma Prefecture
- Saitama Prefecture
- Chiba Prefecture
- Ka... | 57,302 |
420771 | Tokyo Broadcasting System | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo%20Broadcasting%20System | Tokyo Broadcasting System
Chukyo area: CBC, Analog: Channel 5, Digital: Channel 18 (Nagoya, ID: 5)
- Headquartered in Sapporo, broadcast in Hokkaidō: HBC, Analog: Channel 1, Digital: Channel 19 (Sapporo, ID: 1)
- Headquartered in Aomori, broadcast in Aomori Prefecture: ATV, Analog: Channel 38, Digital: Channel 30 (Ao... | 57,303 |
420771 | Tokyo Broadcasting System | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo%20Broadcasting%20System | Tokyo Broadcasting System
is a selection of the many programs that the network has broadcast.
- "Kinniku Banzuke" ("筋肉番付, Unbeatable Banzuke in America") "a former obstacle based game show that inspired Sasuke "
- "Sasuke" ("American Ninja Warrior" in the United States) "an obstacle course based game show that was or... | 57,304 |
420771 | Tokyo Broadcasting System | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo%20Broadcasting%20System | Tokyo Broadcasting System
Asa Zuba!" (みのもんたの朝ズバッ!!)"
- "Sanma's Super Karakuri-TV" (さんまのスーパーからくりTV)"
- "Tokyo Friend Park II" (関口宏の東京フレンドパークII)"
- "Count Down TV"
- "The World Heritage" (THE 世界遺産)
- "Dragon Zakura" (ドラゴン桜)
- "Princess Resurrection"
- "Japan Cable Awards" (発表!日本有線大賞)
- "Japan Record Awards" (輝く!... | 57,305 |
420771 | Tokyo Broadcasting System | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo%20Broadcasting%20System | Tokyo Broadcasting System
→ "The Music Hour" (ザ・ミュージックアワー)
- "Samurai Baseball" (侍プロ野球) - baseball games
- "Masters Tournament"
- "Quiz Derby"
- "We asked 100 people" (クイズ100人に聞きました) (1979-1992)
- "Toray Pan Pacific Open"
- "FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, FIV... | 57,306 |
420771 | Tokyo Broadcasting System | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo%20Broadcasting%20System | Tokyo Broadcasting System
"Japanese Americans" (2010)
- "南極大陸～神の領域に挑んだ男と犬の物語～" (2011)
- "Ginayon" (1985-2012 (present))
# Violation of the protection of sources.
TBS is notoriously known for intentionally violating protection of sources in October 1989. In that month of that year, the Tokyo Broadcasting System tape... | 57,307 |
420771 | Tokyo Broadcasting System | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo%20Broadcasting%20System | Tokyo Broadcasting System
ogmas of the Japanese Aum Shinrikyo sect. However, the network secretly showed a video of the interview to Aum members without Sakamoto's knowledge, intentionally breaking its protection of sources. Aum officials then pressured TBS to cancel the planned broadcast of the interview, but Sakamoto... | 57,308 |
420756 | Law 3037/2002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%203037/2002 | Law 3037/2002
Law 3037/2002
In 2002, the Greek government passed the controversial Law 3037/2002 which effectively banned all electronic games in public places to fight illegal gambling. The bill was formulated after a member of the ruling Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) political party was videotaped in an ill... | 57,309 |
420756 | Law 3037/2002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%203037/2002 | Law 3037/2002
declared the law unconstitutional. More than 300 people gathered outside the court in support of the Internet café owners. The law affected both Greek citizens and foreigners. The European Commission sent an official letter to the Greek Foreign Ministry explaining that the law may be in conflict with Euro... | 57,310 |
420756 | Law 3037/2002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%203037/2002 | Law 3037/2002
the Government Gazette issue 1827, on December 8, 2003. The new law clarified some articles of 3037/2002 but still banned video games in internet cafés and computer software which deleted or encrypted files on hard disks of computers owned by Internet cafés. The Greek police raided Internet cafes in Laris... | 57,311 |
420756 | Law 3037/2002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%203037/2002 | Law 3037/2002
links.
- Information in English:
- http://dan.tobias.name/controversies/greekgames.html
- News in English:
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/2238242.stm
- http://news.cnet.com/2100-1040-956357.html
- http://www.overclockers.com/tips00103/
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/2357645.stm
-... | 57,312 |
420756 | Law 3037/2002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%203037/2002 | Law 3037/2002
ntCount=4
- https://web.archive.org/web/20031205075752/http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1106-957487.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20040229143953/http://special.reserve.co.uk/news/story.php?id=2104&af=uf170902
- https://web.archive.org/web/20031207053352/http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1103-956357.html
- News ... | 57,313 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
The Book of Mozilla
The Book of Mozilla is a computer Easter egg found in the Netscape and Mozilla series of web browsers.
It is viewed by directing the browser to codice_1.
There is no real book titled "The Book of Mozilla". However, apparent quotations hidden in Netscape and Mozilla give this i... | 57,314 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
unofficial verses can be found on the Internet. All seven official verses have scriptural chapter and verse references, although these are actually references to important dates in the history of Netscape and Mozilla.
The seven verses all refer to the activities of a fearsome-sounding "beast". In i... | 57,315 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
comes from the mysterious nature, a knowledge of the history of Netscape and Mozilla can be used to extract some meaning from the verses. Furthermore, the Book of Mozilla page has annotations for each of the first, second, third and fifth verses hidden as comments in its HTML source code. These comm... | 57,316 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
1.1 (released in 1995) and can be found in every subsequent 1.x, 2.x, 3.x and 4.x version. The following "prophecy" was displayed:
The chapter and verse number 12:10 refers to December 10, 1994, the date that Netscape Navigator 1.0 was released.
The Book of Mozilla page, which includes four of the... | 57,317 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
of Netscape that would make bad tags blink, as seen in the source code comments from the Book of Mozilla.
## 31.
On May 10, 1998, Jamie "JWZ" Zawinski changed "The Book of Mozilla" verse to reference the fact that Netscape had released its code as open source and started the Mozilla project. This ... | 57,318 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
it still appears in Classilla due to that browser's unusual history.
The verse states:
The chapter and verse number 3:31 refers to March 31, 1998, when Netscape released its source code.
The Book of Mozilla page has the following comment in its HTML source about this passage:
Again, the "beast" ... | 57,319 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
name is Legion: for we are many."), since The Book of Mozilla is presented as a sort of "computer bible" with prophecies. "Mammon" refers to Microsoft, whose Internet Explorer browser was Netscape's chief competition. The word "mammon," in various Semitic languages, is related to money and riches; i... | 57,320 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
development of Netscape/Mozilla. "Red Letter Edition" may be a reference to so-called Red Letter Editions of the Bible, which print quotations by Jesus in red ink. It could also be a reference to a fact that March 31, 1998 was a red-letter day for the Mozilla project.
## 15.
The next installment o... | 57,321 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
browser, and all Netscape versions from 7.2 to 8.1.3 (except some Netscape Browser prototype releases):
The 7:15 chapter and verse notation refers to July 15, 2003, the day when America Online shut down its Netscape browser division and the Mozilla Foundation was launched.
In the HTML source of Bo... | 57,322 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
as Firebird at the time this verse was written). The bird casts down "fire" and "thunder" on the "unbelievers", which is a direct reference to the Mozilla Firebird (now Firefox) and Mozilla Thunderbird products, which became the main focus of Mozilla development a few months before the events of Jul... | 57,323 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
Finke contributed the next verse of "The Book of Mozilla". It was first made public in the June 5, 2007 release of Netscape Navigator 9.0b1.
The verse was included in all subsequent versions of Netscape, until the final discontinuation of the browser (Netscape Navigator 9.0b1 - 9.0.0.6).
The 8:20 ... | 57,324 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
appears in the previous verse referring to the Mozilla Foundation and "it was good" could be a tribute to everyone who contributed to the Mozilla project. "Beast reborn" could also be a reference to Netscape reopening their browser division instead of outsourcing development; Netscape Browser 8 was ... | 57,325 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
Alpha 1 – 20 Beta 1, Alpha 1 version of Mobile Firefox, Flock Browser Version 2.0.6, Waterfox and Songbird.
In the HTML source of the Book of Mozilla page, this verse is accompanied by the following annotation:
"Mammon" (Money) is again Internet Explorer, which "slept" for the 5 years between rele... | 57,326 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
dynamic websites and open source applications. The latter half of the passage links to the Mozilla Manifesto and the about:Mozilla newsletter. The last part, starting with "Mammon awoke" speaks of the release of Internet Explorer 7 and with "it was naught but a follower" describes it as a follower, ... | 57,327 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
1 build 2013-01-23). Instead of a plain background, it now features a subtle radial gradient.
It is included in all Firefox versions since Firefox 21.0, all SeaMonkey versions since 2.18 Beta 1, and all Thunderbird versions since 21 Beta 1.
The "twins of Mammon" refers to Apple and Google, whose m... | 57,328 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
refers to the code freeze of Firefox OS 1.0 (January 15, 2013).
## 14.
This verse first appeared in Firefox Nightly 58, landing in the Mozilla trunk codebase on September 22, 2017, and was later uplifted to show up in Firefox 57 Beta.
It refers to the major changes that culminated in the Firefox ... | 57,329 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
to November 14, 2017, the day Firefox 57 was released.
# Behavior in different browsers.
## Flock.
#### 1.
Though not an official verse by Mozilla, a new verse of the Book of Mozilla, 11:1, became available in Flock Browser 1.0+, a "Social Web Browser" based on Firefox. This verse is shown on bl... | 57,330 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
the city of Mountain View, California where the company that produces Flock (as well as Mozilla) was based at the time of writing. The "24 wise men" refer to the 24 staff employees of Flock at that time. The "stars" refer to the star used in the branding ("Flockstar"). Though this verse was released... | 57,331 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
browser) with the world.
## Internet Explorer.
In some versions of Internet Explorer, codice_1 produces a blank blue page referencing the Blue Screen of Death.
The source markup of the page defines the text color as white. The page still can be seen (even in Edge for Windows 10) when using the UR... | 57,332 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
of the Firefox logo. Iceweasel includes the codice_1 Easter-egg and showed the standard page from the Firefox version it was built from. However, when users navigate to codice_7 they see a thematically similar message from the Book of Ice that describes the dispute with Mozilla and the creation of I... | 57,333 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
Mozilla rising up from behind the "planet" logo and breathing fire.
## Pale Moon.
Prior to Pale Moon version 26, typing codice_1 would show the 15:1 verse. However, in Pale Moon 26 and above it displayed the following:
Similarly to Iceweasel, Pale Moon has its own take on The Book of Mozilla, thi... | 57,334 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
page title read "The Child of the Moon", and it showed the following text:
Since version 27.1 (when Pale Moon became a true fork), the page title reads "The Dragon's Roots", and the text reads:
The "ancestor" is believed to refer to Firefox, while the "bed of withered roots" is believed to refer t... | 57,335 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
customisable interface from Firefox versions 4 through 28.
With version 28.5.0, the page's text was once updated:
In this verse, landscape seems to refer to the current browser scene, tainted metal might be a reference to Rust, and the sanctuary being talked about here could be UXP, providing a co... | 57,336 |
420739 | The Book of Mozilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Book%20of%20Mozilla | The Book of Mozilla
erface from Firefox versions 4 through 28.
With version 28.5.0, the page's text was once updated:
In this verse, landscape seems to refer to the current browser scene, tainted metal might be a reference to Rust, and the sanctuary being talked about here could be UXP, providing a common platform fo... | 57,337 |
420775 | Dave Freudenthal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave%20Freudenthal | Dave Freudenthal
Dave Freudenthal
David Duane Freudenthal (; born October 12, 1950) is an American attorney, economist, and politician who served as the 31st Governor of Wyoming from 2003 to 2011.
# Biography.
## Education and early life.
Dave Freudenthal was born in Thermopolis, the seat of Hot Springs County in n... | 57,338 |
420775 | Dave Freudenthal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave%20Freudenthal | Dave Freudenthal
of Wyoming College of Law, receiving his law degree in 1980, and went into private practice.
## Political career.
In 1994, he was appointed United States Attorney for the District of Wyoming upon the recommendation of then-Governor Mike Sullivan. Freudenthal left the post of U.S. Attorney in May 2001... | 57,339 |
420775 | Dave Freudenthal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave%20Freudenthal | Dave Freudenthal
of the most Republican states in the country (John McCain had won 65% of the vote in the previous presidential election), Freudenthal remained consistently popular with his constituents throughout his tenure. As governor he often took rather conservative positions, leading to squabbles with federal off... | 57,340 |
420775 | Dave Freudenthal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave%20Freudenthal | Dave Freudenthal
sues.
On April 2, 2008, Freudenthal endorsed Democrat Barack Obama of Illinois for the party's presidential nomination, having cited "Obama's style of leadership and openness to discussion." Obama won the Wyoming Democratic caucus by a 61.44-37.83 margin over then U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton of New Y... | 57,341 |
420782 | Stan Stephens | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stan%20Stephens | Stan Stephens
Stan Stephens
Stanley Graham Stephens (born September 16, 1929) is a Canadian-American politician, journalist, and broadcaster who served as the 20th Governor of Montana from 1989 until 1993.
# Biography.
Born in Calgary, Alberta, Canada in 1929, Stephens was educated in the public schools, but dropped... | 57,342 |
420782 | Stan Stephens | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stan%20Stephens | Stan Stephens
of fund-raisers and free air time to individuals to speak on issues. Developing the art of radio editorials, in 1975, Stephens earned the Edward R. Murrow award for journalistic excellence in editorials for uncovering a scandal in the Montana Workers' Compensation Program.
Stephens began his political ca... | 57,343 |
420782 | Stan Stephens | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stan%20Stephens | Stan Stephens
of Montana Ted Schwinden declined to seek re-election to a third term, Stephens ran to succeed him. He narrowly won the Republican primary, and, in the general election, defeated former Governor Thomas Lee Judge by a slim margin. During his tenure as governor, he served on the White House Advisory Council... | 57,344 |
420784 | Ted Schwinden | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ted%20Schwinden | Ted Schwinden
Ted Schwinden
Theodore "Ted" Schwinden (born August 31, 1925) is an American politician. He served as the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Montana and the 19th Governor of Montana.
# Biography.
Schwinden was born in Wolf Point, Montana. He enlisted in the United States Army and served until 1946. Schwinden ... | 57,345 |
420784 | Ted Schwinden | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ted%20Schwinden | Ted Schwinden
named Commissioner of State Lands, He was reappointed in 1973 and served until April 1976. Schwinden resigned to campaign for Lieutenant Governor and was elected the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Montana, serving under Governor Thomas Lee Judge. He served as Lieutenant Governor from 1976 to 1980.
Schwinden... | 57,346 |
420784 | Ted Schwinden | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ted%20Schwinden | Ted Schwinden
nd was elected the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Montana, serving under Governor Thomas Lee Judge. He served as Lieutenant Governor from 1976 to 1980.
Schwinden defeated his predecessor in the Democratic primary in 1980 to become the 19th Governor of Montana. He was re-elected governor in 1984. Hallmarks o... | 57,347 |
420777 | Zeitgeist Films | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeitgeist%20Films | Zeitgeist Films
Zeitgeist Films
Zeitgeist Films is an American independent film distributor based in New York City founded in 1988 by co-Presidents Nancy Gerstman and Emily Russo. Films distributed by Zeitgeist are strongly auteur-driven by directors such as Christopher Nolan, Guy Maddin, Atom Egoyan, Todd Haynes, Nur... | 57,348 |
420777 | Zeitgeist Films | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeitgeist%20Films | Zeitgeist Films
Films of Our Time", exhibiting the distributor's twenty most critically acclaimed, intellectually stimulating titles.
# Awards.
- "Trouble the Water" – 2008 Academy Award Nominee for Best Documentary Feature
- "Tulpan" – Kazakhstan's 2009 Academy Award submission for Best Foreign Language Film
- "Th... | 57,349 |
420777 | Zeitgeist Films | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeitgeist%20Films | Zeitgeist Films
's 2009 Academy Award submission for Best Foreign Language Film
- "Into Great Silence" – 2006 Sundance Special Jury Prize
- "Nowhere in Africa" – 2002 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
- "Sophie Scholl – The Final Days" – 2005 Academy Award nominee for Best Foreign Language Film
- "Taste ... | 57,350 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
Kecak
Kecak (pronounced ("kechak"), alternate spellings: kechak and ketjak), known in Indonesian as "tari kecak", is a form of Balinese hindu dance and music drama that was developed in the 1930s in Bali, Indonesia. Since its creation it has been performed primarily by men, with the very first women's "kecak" gr... | 57,351 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
from the "Ramayana", in which the monkey-like Vanaras, led by Hanuman, help Prince Rama fight the evil King Ravana. "Kecak" has roots in "sanghyang," a trance-inducing exorcism dance.
# History.
"Kecak" was originally a trance ritual accompanied by a male chorus. In the 1930s, Walter Spies, a German painter and... | 57,352 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
"kecak" internationally known.
This is an example of what James Clifford describes as part of the "modern art-culture system" in which "the West or the central power adopts, transforms, and consumes non-Western or peripheral cultural elements, while making 'art,' which was once embedded in the culture as a whole... | 57,353 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
accompanied by "cak" chorus rather than gamelan, as would have been usual.
# Performance.
The "kecak" dance is typically performed by about fifty to one hundred men wearing only loincloths; their upper bodies are left bare. They form concentric circles, in the middle of which is a traditional Balinese coconut o... | 57,354 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
"kecak" chanters play the role of Rama's troops of Vanaras (apes) and Ravana's troops of Rakshasas (giants).
The duration of the performance is around an hour. The story of the "Ramayana" is depicted, beginning with Sita and Rama's exile in the jungle of Dandaka. The performance reenacts the appearance of the Go... | 57,355 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
Tanah Lot. There are also dance stages used exclusively for "kecak" performances in Ubud, Garuda Wisnu Kencana, Batu Bulan, Pandawa beach and other places in Bali. "Kecak" performances also take place on other occasions, such as for cultural and entertainment displays. Dancers usually come from local villagers of... | 57,356 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
the main "Ramayana" dancers who play the roles of Sita, Rama, Lakshmana, Ravana, Hanuman, Jatayu, etc. Some of the "kecak" male-chanters who chant "chak-chak-chak" have their own tasks during the performance. One individual is responsible for maintaining the beat of the chant by chanting ""po-po-po-po"". Another ... | 57,357 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
as the "dalang", narrates the story during the dance, usually in Balinese and Sanskrit. The men chosen for these tasks are usually the senior male dancers. The remaining chanters chant ""chak-chak-chak"" continuously and simultaneously with harmony.
The dancers who represent the core "Ramayana" characters are co... | 57,358 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
the burning of Hanuman. Here, the dancer playing Hanuman is blessed by a priest and enters a trance state for the fire kicking dance which follows. The dancer does not feel any pain from the fire because he is in a state of trance.
# In popular culture.
Excerpts of "kecak" can be heard on the soundtracks of the... | 57,359 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
"Blood Simple" includes a track entitled "Monkey Chant" which is based on "kecak".
- "Dagger of Kamui" ("Kamui no Ken") (1985)
- "Akira" (1988), which also features the Indonesian gamelan.
Scenes including "kecak" dance may be glimpsed in:
- David Attenborough's 1969 BBC documentary "The Miracle of Bali," (ep... | 57,360 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
the visuals of Rangda and Topeng Tua mask dances in their program's opening theme sequence since 2011.
"Kecak" is featured in several video games:
- Sounds of gamelan and "kecak" chants were incorporated into the soundtrack of the 1993 video game "Secret of Mana" / "Seiken Densetsu II", in a track titled "The O... | 57,361 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
of the dance can be seen in the Ritual Passion level of "Tetris Effect", beating in time to the player's actions.
...and on music albums:
- A sample of "kecak" chanting is in "The Wind Chimes", from Mike Oldfield's 1987 album "Islands".
- The Indonesian song "Kembalikan Baliku", written by Guruh Sukarnoputra a... | 57,362 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
polyrhythmic chanting and clapping.
- Mike Patton performs a "kecak"-like chant in the song "Goodbye Sober Day" on the 1999 Mr. Bungle album "California".
- A sample of "kecak" chanting can be heard in the song "Soldier of Fortune" from Manhattan Transfer's album "Bodies and Souls."
- A sample of "kecak" chant... | 57,363 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
in 1978 and reprinted in "The Age of Huts" (2007), in which the author gives the title "Ketjak" to a vast ongoing cycle of works which includes "Tjanting" (1980) and "The Alphabet" (2008).
# Bibliography.
- "Kecak from Bali". Produced by David Lewiston, 1990. One compact disc (duration 44:53) with notes and lib... | 57,364 |
420760 | Kecak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecak | Kecak
ation 44:53) with notes and libretto by Fred B. Eiseman and David Lewiston.
- I Wayan Dibia, "Kecak: the vocal chant of Bali". Denpasar: Hartanto Art Books, 1996. vi + 83pp. .
# External links.
- Kecak dance documented by Japanese television in 1999
- Kecak dance being performed in Uluwatu temple
- Kecak dan... | 57,365 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
Caphtor
Caphtor () is a locality mentioned in the Bible, in which its people are called Caphtorites or Caphtorim and are named as a division of the ancient Egyptians. Caphtor is also mentioned in ancient inscriptions from Egypt, Mari, and Ugarit. Jewish sources placed Caphtor in the region of Pelusium, though ... | 57,366 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
them living by the Nile. A migration of the Philistines from Caphtor is mentioned in .
Josephus ("Jewish Antiquities" I, vi) using extra-Biblical accounts provides context for the migration from Caphtor to Philistia. He records that the Caphtorites were one of the Egyptian peoples whose cities were destroyed d... | 57,367 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
wrote that Damietta was Caphtor.
The Midrash Rabbah on Genesis 37:5 (page 298 in the 1961 edition of Maurice Simon's translation) says that the "Caphtorim were dwarfs". However Goliath, is a giant Philistine warrior.
# In archaeological sources.
## Mari Tablets.
A location called "Kaptar" is mentioned in se... | 57,368 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
of the same period, to king Shariya of Razama. A text in connection with Hammurabi mentions Caphtorite ("k[a-a]p-ta-ri-tum") fabric that was sent to Mesopotamia via Mari. An inventory thought to be from the same era as the previous texts mentions a Caphtorite vessel ("GAL kap-ta-ri-tum") (probably a large jug o... | 57,369 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
whence the name of the place would be "Kabturi", which resembles Caphtor.
Within Ugaritic inscriptions from the Amarna period, "k-p-t-r" is mentioned and understood to be Caphtor: A poem uses "k-p-t-r" as a parallel for Egypt ("H-k-p-t") naming it as the home of the god Kothar-wa-Khasis the Ugaritic equivalent... | 57,370 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
to Caphtor.
The reference to "k-p-t-ȝ-r" should not be confused with other inscriptions at the temple and from earlier sites mentioning a locality called "Keftiu" listed amongst lands to the northeast of Egypt and having different spelling and pronunciation, although it has been conjectured by some scholars th... | 57,371 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
that "k-p-t-ȝ-r" is an Egyptian transliteration of the Semitic form of the name and that "Keftiu" is the true Egyptian form. Sayce had however already argued in the 19th century that the names in the text in which "k-p-t-ȝ-r" occurs were not transliterations of the Semitic forms. Other scholars have disagreed o... | 57,372 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
to the Aegean Sea. However in 2003, Vandesleyen pointed out that the term "wedj wer" (literally "great green") which Vercoutter had translated "the sea" actually refers to the vegetation growing on the banks of the Nile and in the Nile Delta, and that the text places Keftiu in the Nile Delta.
This issue is not... | 57,373 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
i.e. Caphutkia explained by Maimonides as being Damietta.
Referencing Katpatuka, the Septuagint translated the name as "Kappadokias" and the Vulgate similarly renders it as "Cappadocia". The seventeenth-century scholar Samuel Bochart understood this as a reference to Cappadocia in Anatolia but John Gill writes... | 57,374 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
identification with Coptus is recorded in Osborne's "A Universal History From The Earliest Account of Time", where it is remarked that many suppose the name to have originated from Caphtor. While this interepretation agrees with tradition placing Caphtor in Egypt it disregards the tradition that it was a coastl... | 57,375 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
to be identified with Cyprus or Syria shifted to an association with Crete under the influence of Sir Arthur Evans. It was criticized in 1931 by G. A. Wainwright, who located "Keftiu" in Cilicia, on the Mediterranean shore of Asia Minor, and he drew together evidence from a wide variety of sources: in geographi... | 57,376 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
Tarku), and Kubaba were claimed, in personal names associated in texts with "Keftiu" and in Tutmose's "silver shawabty vessel of the work of Keftiu" and vessels of iron, which were received as gifts from Tinay in northern Syria. Wainwright's theory is not widely accepted, as his evidence shows at most a cultura... | 57,377 |
420759 | Caphtor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caphtor | Caphtor
crucial texts dissociate "Keftiu" from "the islands in the middle of the sea", by which Egyptian scribes denoted Crete.
The stone base of a statue during the reign of Amenhotep III includes the name "kftı͗w" in a list of Mediterranean ship stops prior to several Cretan cities such as Kydonia, Phaistos, and Amn... | 57,378 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
Integrated pest management
Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (EIL). The UN's Food and Agricultu... | 57,379 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms." Entomologists and ecologists have urged the adoption of IPM pest control since the 1970s. IPM allows for safer pest control.
The introduction and spread of invasive species can also be managed with IPM by... | 57,380 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
and insecticide applications were based on conclusions reached from periodic monitoring of pest and natural-enemy populations. This was viewed as an alternative to calendar-based programs. Supervised control was based on knowledge of the ecology and analysis of projected trends in pest and na... | 57,381 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
thus synonymous with "compatible." Chemical controls were to be applied only after regular monitoring indicated that a pest population had reached a level (the economic threshold) that required treatment to prevent the population from reaching a level (the economic injury level) at which econ... | 57,382 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
the IPM framework. IPM combined entomologists, plant pathologists, nematologists and weed scientists.
In the United States, IPM was formulated into national policy in February 1972 when President Richard Nixon directed federal agencies to take steps to advance the application of IPM in all r... | 57,383 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
structural pest management, turf pest management and ornamental pest management.
# Principles.
An American IPM system is designed around six basic components:
- Acceptable pest levels—The emphasis is on "control", not "eradication". IPM holds that wiping out an entire pest population is of... | 57,384 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
threshold reduces selection pressure. This lowers the rate at which a pest develops resistance to a control, because if almost all pests are killed then those that have resistance will provide the genetic basis of the future population. Retaining a significant number of unresistant specimens ... | 57,385 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
'cultural techniques' such as crop sanitation are next, e.g., removal of diseased plants, and cleaning pruning shears to prevent spread of infections. Beneficial fungi and bacteria are added to the potting media of horticultural crops vulnerable to root diseases, greatly reducing the need for... | 57,386 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
temperatures. Many insects have had their development cycles modeled in terms of degree-days. The degree days of an environment determines the optimal time for a specific insect outbreak. Plant pathogens follow similar patterns of response to weather and season.
- Mechanical controls—Should ... | 57,387 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
Biological insecticides, derived from naturally occurring microorganisms ("e.g."—"Bt", entomopathogenic fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes), also fall in this category. Further 'biology-based' or 'ecological' techniques are under evaluation.
- Responsible use—Synthetic pesticides are used ... | 57,388 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
technique to the crop, the pest, and the pesticide is critical. The use of low-volume spray equipment reduces overall pesticide use and labor cost.
An IPM regime can be simple or sophisticated. Historically, the main focus of IPM programmes was on agricultural insect pests. Although original... | 57,389 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
consequences and is applicable to most agricultural, public health and amenity pest management situations. The IPM process starts with monitoring, which includes inspection and identification, followed by the establishment of economic injury levels. The economic injury levels set the economic... | 57,390 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
is one fly in a hospital operating room is not acceptable, but one fly in a pet kennel would be acceptable. Once a threshold has been crossed by the pest population action steps need to be taken to reduce and control the pest. Integrated pest management employs a variety of actions including ... | 57,391 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
Review Institute (OMRI) Although the pesticides and particularly insecticides used in organic farming and organic gardening are generally safer than synthetic pesticides, they are not always more safe or environmentally friendly than synthetic pesticides and can cause harm. For conventional f... | 57,392 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
infection, since many fungal and viral infections arise under moist conditions.
Monitoring begins immediately, before the pest's activity becomes significant. Monitoring of agricultural pests includes tracking soil/planting media fertility and water quality. Overall plant health and resistan... | 57,393 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
crops such as soybeans may not warrant interventions unless the pests are numerous or rapidly increasing. Intervention is warranted if the expected cost of damage by the pest is more than the cost of control. Health hazards may require intervention that is not warranted by economic considerat... | 57,394 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
pests such as birds from grapes or rodents from structures. Cultural controls include keeping an area free of conducive conditions by removing waste or diseased plants, flooding, sanding, and the use of disease-resistant crop varieties. Biological controls are numerous. They include: conserva... | 57,395 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
numbers into the pest area. This is used for an immediate reduction in host populations, generally for annual crops, but is not suitable for long run use. With inoculative release a limited number of beneficial organisms are introduced at the start of the growing season. This strategy offers ... | 57,396 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
commonly use inoculation and occasional introductions.
The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an area-wide IPM program that introduces sterile male pests into the pest population to trick females into (unsuccessful) breeding encounters, providing a form of birth control and reducing reproduct... | 57,397 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
of insecticides and herbicides. A green pest management IPM program uses pesticides derived from plants, such as botanicals, or other naturally occurring materials.
Pesticides can be classified by their modes of action. Rotating among materials with different modes of action minimizes pest r... | 57,398 |
420764 | Integrated pest management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated%20pest%20management | Integrated pest management
grew nearly sevenfold in value between 1990 and 2010, according to FAO statistics, with disastrous results. Rice farmers become accustomed to spraying soon after planting, triggered by signs of the leaf folder moth, which appears early in the growing season. It causes only superficial damage ... | 57,399 |
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