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3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
heart disease, unspecified
- () Other diseases of pulmonary vessels
- () Arteriovenous fistula of pulmonary vessels
- () Aneurysm of pulmonary artery
- () Other specified diseases of pulmonary vessels
- () Disease of pulmonary vessels, unspecified
## (I30–I52) Other forms of heart disease.
### Pericardium.
- () Acute pericarditis
- () Other diseases of pericardium
- () Chronic adhesive pericarditis
- () Chronic constrictive pericarditis
- () Haemopericardium, not elsewhere classified
- () Pericardial effusion (noninflammatory)
- () Other specified diseases of pericardium
- () Disease of pericardium, unspecified
- Cardiac tamponade
- () Pericarditis in diseases classified elsewhere
### | 6,125,200 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
Endocardium (including heart valves).
- () Acute and subacute endocarditis
- () Nonrheumatic mitral valve disorders
- () Mitral (valve) insufficiency
- Mitral regurgitation
- () Mitral (valve) prolapse
- () Nonrheumatic mitral (valve) stenosis
- () Nonrheumatic aortic valve disorders
- () Aortic (valve) stenosis
- () Aortic (valve) insufficiency
- () Aortic (valve) stenosis with insufficiency
- () Nonrheumatic tricuspid valve disorders
- () Nonrheumatic tricuspid (valve) stenosis
- () Nonrheumatic tricuspid (valve) insufficiency
- () Nonrheumatic tricuspid (valve) stenosis with insufficiency
- () Pulmonary valve disorders
- () Pulmonary valve stenosis
- () Pulmonary valve insufficiency
- | 6,125,201 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
() Pulmonary valve stenosis with insufficiency
- () Endocarditis, valve unspecified
- () Endocarditis and heart valve disorders in diseases classified elsewhere
### Myocardium / cardiomyopathy.
- () Acute myocarditis
- () Myocarditis in diseases classified elsewhere
- () Cardiomyopathy
- () Dilated cardiomyopathy
- () Obstructive hypertrophy cardiomyopathy
- () Other hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- () Endomyocardial (eosinophilic) disease
- Eosinophilic myocarditis
- Endomyocardial (tropical) fibrosis
- Löffler's endocarditis
- () Endocardial fibroelastosis
- () Other restrictive cardiomyopathy
- () Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
- () Other cardiomyopathies
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular | 6,125,202 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
dysplasia
- () Cardiomyopathy in diseases classified elsewhere
### Other.
- () Heart failure
- () Congestive heart failure
- Congestive heart failure
- () Left ventricular failure
- Cardiac asthma
- () Heart failure, unspecified
- () Complications and ill-defined descriptions of heart disease
- () Cardiac septal defect, acquired
- () Rupture of chordae tendineae, not elsewhere classified
- () Rupture of papillary muscle, not elsewhere classified
- () Intracardiac thrombosis, not elsewhere classified
- () Myocarditis, unspecified
- () Myocardial degeneration
- () Cardiovascular disease, unspecified
- () Cardiomegaly
- Ventricular hypertrophy
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- | 6,125,203 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
() Other ill-defined heart diseases
- () Heart disease, unspecified
- () Other heart disorders in diseases classified elsewhere
## (I60–I69) Cerebrovascular diseases.
- () Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- () Subarachnoid haemorrhage from carotid siphon and bifurcation
- () Subarachnoid haemorrhage from middle cerebral artery
- () Subarachnoid haemorrhage from anterior communicating artery
- () Subarachnoid haemorrhage from posterior communicating artery
- () Subarachnoid haemorrhage from basilar artery
- () Subarachnoid haemorrhage from vertebral artery
- () Subarachnoid haemorrhage from other intracranial arteries
- () Subarachnoid haemorrhage from intracranial artery, unspecified
- () | 6,125,204 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
Intracerebral haemorrhage
- () Intracerebral haemorrhage in hemisphere, subcortical
- () Intracerebral haemorrhage in hemisphere, cortical
- () Intracerebral haemorrhage in hemisphere, unspecified
- () Intracerebral haemorrhage in brain stem
- () Intracerebral haemorrhage in cerebellum
- () Intracerebral haemorrhage, intraventricular
- () Intracerebral haemorrhage, multiple localized
- () Other nontraumatic intracranial haemorrhage
- () Subdural haemorrhage (acute)(nontraumatic)
- () Nontraumatic extradural haemorrhage
- Nontraumatic epidural haemorrhage
- () Cerebral infarction
- () Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of precerebral arteries
- () Cerebral infarction due to embolism | 6,125,205 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
of precerebral arteries
- () Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of precerebral arteries
- () Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of cerebral arteries
- () Cerebral infarction due to embolism of cerebral arteries
- () Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of cerebral arteries
- () Cerebral infarction due to cerebral venous thrombosis, nonpyogenic
- () Stroke, not specified as hemorrhage or infarction
- () Occlusion and stenosis of precerebral arteries, not resulting in cerebral infarction
- () Occlusion and stenosis of vertebral artery
- () Occlusion and stenosis of basilar artery
- () Occlusion and stenosis of carotid artery
- () | 6,125,206 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
Occlusion and stenosis of multiple and bilateral precerebral arteries
- () Occlusion and stenosis of other precerebral artery
- () Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified precerebral artery
- () Occlusion and stenosis of cerebral arteries, not resulting in cerebral infarction
- () Occlusion and stenosis of middle cerebral artery
- () Occlusion and stenosis of anterior cerebral artery
- () Occlusion and stenosis of posterior cerebral artery
- () Occlusion and stenosis of cerebellar arteries
- () Occlusion and stenosis of multiple and bilateral cerebral arteries
- () Occlusion and stenosis of other cerebral artery
- () Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified cerebral artery
- () Other cerebrovascular | 6,125,207 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
diseases
- () Cerebral aneurysm, nonruptured
- () Cerebral atherosclerosis
- () Progressive vascular leukoencephalopathy
- Binswanger's disease
- () Hypertensive encephalopathy
- () Moyamoya disease
- () Nonpyogenic thrombosis of intracranial venous system
- () Cerebral arteritis, not elsewhere classified
- () Cerebrovascular disorders in diseases classified elsewhere
- () Sequelae of cerebrovascular disease
## (I70–I79) Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries.
- () Atherosclerosis
- arteriolosclerosis
- arteriosclerosis
- arteriosclerotic vascular disease
- atheroma
- () Aortic aneurysm and dissection
- () Dissection of aorta (any part)
- () Thoracic aortic aneurysm, | 6,125,208 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
ruptured
- () Thoracic aortic aneurysm, without mention of rupture
- () Abdominal aortic aneurysm, ruptured
- () Abdominal aortic aneurysm, without mention of rupture
- () Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, ruptured
- () Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, without mention of rupture
- () Aortic aneurysm of unspecified site, ruptured
- () Aortic aneurysm of unspecified site, without mention of rupture
- () Other aneurysm
- () Other peripheral vascular diseases
- () Raynaud's syndrome
- () Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger)
- () Other specified peripheral vascular diseases
- Acrocyanosis
- Acroparaesthesia
- Erythrocyanosis
- Erythromelalgia
- () Peripheral vascular disease, unspecified
- | 6,125,209 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
Intermittent claudication
- Spasm of artery
- () Arterial embolism and thrombosis
- () Other disorders of arteries and arterioles
- () Arteriovenous fistula, acquired
- () Stricture of artery
- () Rupture of artery
- () Arterial fibromuscular dysplasia
- () Coeliac artery compression syndrome
- () Necrosis of artery
- () Arteritis, unspecified
- () Other specified disorders of arteries and arterioles
- () Disorder of arteries and arterioles, unspecified
- () Diseases of capillaries
- () Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
- () Naevus, non-neoplastic
- naevus araneus
- spider naevus
- stellar naevus
- () Other diseases of capillaries
- () Disease of capillaries, unspecified
- | 6,125,210 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
() Disorders of arteries, arterioles and capillaries in diseases classified elsewhere
## (I80–I89) Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, not elsewhere classified.
- () Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis
- () Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of superficial vessels of lower extremities
- () Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of femoral vein
- () Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of other deep vessels of lower extremities
- Deep vein thrombosis NOS
- () Portal vein thrombosis
- () Other venous embolism and venous thrombosis
- () Budd-Chiari syndrome
- () Thrombophlebitis migrans
- () Embolism and thrombosis of vena cava
- () Embolism and thrombosis of renal vein
- () Embolism and | 6,125,211 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
thrombosis of other specified veins
- Paget-Schroetter disease
- () Varicose veins of lower extremities
- () Varicose veins of lower extremities with ulcer
- Varicose ulcer (lower extremity, any part)
- () Varicose veins of lower extremities with inflammation
- () Varicose veins of lower extremities with both ulcer and inflammation
- () Varicose veins of lower extremities without ulcer or inflammation
- () Haemorrhoids
- () Residual haemorrhoidal skin tags
- () Oesophageal varices
- () Varicose veins of other sites
- () Sublingual varices
- () Scrotal varices
- Varicocele
- () Pelvic varices
- () Vulval varices
- () Gastric varices
- () Varicose veins of other specified sites
- | 6,125,212 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
() Other disorders of veins
- () Postphlebitic syndrome
- () Compression of vein
- Superior vena cava syndrome
- () Venous insufficiency (chronic)(peripheral)
- () Other specified disorders of veins
- () Disorder of vein, unspecified
- () Nonspecific lymphadenitis
- () Other noninfective disorders of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes
- () Lymphoedema, not elsewhere classified
- () Lymphangitis
- () Other specified noninfective disorders of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes
- () Noninfective disorder of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, unspecified
## (I95–I99) Other and unspecified disorders of the circulatory system.
- () Hypotension
- () Idiopathic hypotension
- () Orthostatic | 6,125,213 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
hypotension
- () Hypotension due to drugs
- () Hypotension, other
- () Hypotension, unspecified
- () Postprocedural disorders of circulatory system, not elsewhere classified
- () Postcardiotomy syndrome
- () Other disorders of circulatory system in diseases classified elsewhere
- () Other and unspecified disorders of circulatory system
# Excludes.
- Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P04-P96)
- Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
- Complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O9A)
- Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99)
- Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E88)
- Injury, | 6,125,214 |
3528049 | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20IX:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20circulatory%20system | ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
(P04-P96)
- Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
- Complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O9A)
- Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99)
- Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E88)
- Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00-T88)
- Neoplasms (C00-D49)
- Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, NEC (R00-R94)
- Systemic connective tissue disorders (M30-M36)
- Transient cerebral ischemic attack an related syndromes (G45.-)
# See also.
- List of ICD-10 codes
- International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems | 6,125,215 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
Fluid catalytic cracking
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries. It is widely used to convert the high-boiling, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils into more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases, and other products. Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking, which has been almost completely replaced by catalytic cracking because it produces more gasoline with a higher octane rating. It also produces byproduct gases that have more carbon-carbon double bonds (i.e. more olefins), and hence more economic value, than those produced by thermal cracking.
The feedstock | 6,125,216 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
to FCC is usually that portion of the crude oil that has an initial boiling point of 340 °C or higher at atmospheric pressure and an average molecular weight ranging from about 200 to 600 or higher. This portion of crude oil is often referred to as heavy gas oil or vacuum gas oil (HVGO). In the FCC process, the feedstock is heated to a high temperature and moderate pressure, and brought into contact with a hot, powdered catalyst. The catalyst breaks the long-chain molecules of the high-boiling hydrocarbon liquids into much shorter molecules, which are collected as a vapor.
# Economics.
Oil refineries use fluid catalytic cracking to correct the imbalance between the market demand for gasoline | 6,125,217 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
and the excess of heavy, high boiling range products resulting from the distillation of crude oil.
As of 2006, FCC units were in operation at 400 petroleum refineries worldwide and about one-third of the crude oil refined in those refineries is processed in an FCC to produce high-octane gasoline and fuel oils. During 2007, the FCC units in the United States processed a total of per day of feedstock and FCC units worldwide processed about twice that amount.
FCC units are less common in EMEA because those regions have high demand for diesel and kerosene, which can be satisfied with hydrocracking. In the US, fluid catalytic cracking is more common because the demand for gasoline is higher.
# | 6,125,218 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
Flow diagram and process description.
The modern FCC units are all continuous processes which operate 24 hours a day for as long as 3 to 5 years between scheduled shutdowns for routine maintenance.
There are several different proprietary designs that have been developed for modern FCC units. Each design is available under a license that must be purchased from the design developer by any petroleum refining company desiring to construct and operate an FCC of a given design.
There are two different configurations for an FCC unit: the "stacked" type where the reactor and the catalyst regenerator are contained in a single vessel with the reactor above the catalyst regenerator and the "side-by-side" | 6,125,219 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
type where the reactor and catalyst regenerator are in two separate vessels. These are the major FCC designers and licensors:
"Side-by-side configuration:"
- CB&I
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering (EMRE)
- Shell Global Solutions
- Axens / Stone & Webster Process Technology — currently owned by Technip
- Universal Oil Products (UOP) — currently fully owned subsidiary of Honeywell
"Stacked configuration:"
- Kellogg Brown & Root (KBR)
Each of the proprietary design licensors claims to have unique features and advantages. A complete discussion of the relative advantages of each of the processes is beyond the scope of this article.
## Reactor and Regenerator.
The reactor and regenerator | 6,125,220 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
are considered to be the heart of the fluid catalytic cracking unit. The schematic flow diagram of a typical modern FCC unit in Figure 1 below is based upon the "side-by-side" configuration. The preheated high-boiling petroleum feedstock (at about 315 to 430 °C) consisting of long-chain hydrocarbon molecules is combined with recycle slurry oil from the bottom of the distillation column and injected into the "catalyst riser" where it is vaporized and cracked into smaller molecules of vapor by contact and mixing with the very hot powdered catalyst from the regenerator. All of the cracking reactions take place in the catalyst riser within a period of 2–4 seconds. The hydrocarbon vapors "fluidize" | 6,125,221 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
the powdered catalyst and the mixture of hydrocarbon vapors and catalyst flows upward to enter the "reactor" at a temperature of about 535 °C and a pressure of about 1.72 bar.
The reactor is a vessel in which the cracked product vapors are: (a) separated from the "spent catalyst" by flowing through a set of two-stage cyclones within the reactor and (b) the "spent catalyst" flows downward through a steam stripping section to remove any hydrocarbon vapors before the spent catalyst returns to the "catalyst regenerator". The flow of spent catalyst to the regenerator is regulated by a "slide valve" in the spent catalyst line.
Since the cracking reactions produce some carbonaceous material (referred | 6,125,222 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
to as catalyst coke) that deposits on the catalyst and very quickly reduces the catalyst reactivity, the catalyst is regenerated by burning off the deposited coke with air blown into the regenerator. The regenerator operates at a temperature of about 715 °C and a pressure of about 2.41 bar, hence the regenerator operates at about 0.7 bar higher pressure than the reactor. The combustion of the coke is exothermic and it produces a large amount of heat that is partially absorbed by the regenerated catalyst and provides the heat required for the vaporization of the feedstock and the endothermic cracking reactions that take place in the catalyst riser. For that reason, FCC units are often referred | 6,125,223 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
to as being 'heat balanced'.
The hot catalyst (at about 715 °C) leaving the regenerator flows into a "catalyst withdrawal well" where any entrained combustion flue gases are allowed to escape and flow back into the upper part to the regenerator. The flow of regenerated catalyst to the feedstock injection point below the catalyst riser is regulated by a slide valve in the regenerated catalyst line. The hot flue gas exits the regenerator after passing through multiple sets of two-stage cyclones that remove entrained catalyst from the flue gas.
The amount of catalyst circulating between the regenerator and the reactor amounts to about 5 kg per kg of feedstock, which is equivalent to about 4.66 kg | 6,125,224 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
per litre of feedstock. Thus, an FCC unit processing will circulate about 55,900 tonnes per day of catalyst.
## Main column.
The reaction product vapors (at 535 °C and a pressure of 1.72 bar) flow from the top of the reactor to the bottom section of the main column (commonly referred to as the "main fractionator" where feed splitting takes place) where they are distilled into the FCC end products of cracked petroleum naphtha, fuel oil, and offgas. After further processing for removal of sulfur compounds, the cracked naphtha becomes a high-octane component of the refinery's blended gasolines.
The main fractionator offgas is sent to what is called a "gas recovery unit" where it is separated | 6,125,225 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
into butanes and butylenes, propane and propylene, and lower molecular weight gases (hydrogen, methane, ethylene and ethane). Some FCC gas recovery units may also separate out some of the ethane and ethylene.
Although the schematic flow diagram above depicts the main fractionator as having only one sidecut stripper and one fuel oil product, many FCC main fractionators have two sidecut strippers and produce a light fuel oil and a heavy fuel oil. Likewise, many FCC main fractionators produce a light cracked naphtha and a heavy cracked naphtha. The terminology "light" and "heavy" in this context refers to the product boiling ranges, with light products having a lower boiling range than heavy products.
The | 6,125,226 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
bottom product oil from the main fractionator contains residual catalyst particles which were not completely removed by the cyclones in the top of the reactor. For that reason, the bottom product oil is referred to as a "slurry oil". Part of that slurry oil is recycled back into the main fractionator above the entry point of the hot reaction product vapors so as to cool and partially condense the reaction product vapors as they enter the main fractionator. The remainder of the slurry oil is pumped through a slurry settler. The bottom oil from the slurry settler contains most of the slurry oil catalyst particles and is recycled back into the catalyst riser by combining it with the FCC feedstock | 6,125,227 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
oil. The "clarified slurry oil" or decant oil is withdrawn from the top of slurry settler for use elsewhere in the refinery, as a heavy fuel oil blending component, or as carbon black feedstock.
## Regenerator flue gas.
Depending on the choice of FCC design, the combustion in the regenerator of the coke on the spent catalyst may or may not be complete combustion to carbon dioxide . The combustion air flow is controlled so as to provide the desired ratio of carbon monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide for each specific FCC design.
In the design shown in Figure 1, the coke has only been partially combusted to . The combustion flue gas (containing CO and ) at 715 °C and at a pressure of 2.41 bar is | 6,125,228 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
routed through a secondary catalyst separator containing "swirl tubes" designed to remove 70 to 90 percent of the particulates in the flue gas leaving the regenerator. This is required to prevent erosion damage to the blades in the turbo-expander that the flue gas is next routed through.
The expansion of flue gas through a turbo-expander provides sufficient power to drive the regenerator's combustion air compressor. The electrical motor-generator can consume or produce electrical power. If the expansion of the flue gas does not provide enough power to drive the air compressor, the electric motor/generator provides the needed additional power. If the flue gas expansion provides more power than | 6,125,229 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
needed to drive the air compressor, then the electric motor/generator converts the excess power into electric power and exports it to the refinery's electrical system.
The expanded flue gas is then routed through a steam-generating boiler (referred to as a "CO boiler") where the carbon monoxide in the flue gas is burned as fuel to provide steam for use in the refinery as well as to comply with any applicable environmental regulatory limits on carbon monoxide emissions.
The flue gas is finally processed through an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to remove residual particulate matter to comply with any applicable environmental regulations regarding particulate emissions. The ESP removes particulates | 6,125,230 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
in the size range of 2 to 20 µm from the flue gas. Particulate filter systems, known as Fourth Stage Separators (FSS) are sometimes required to meet particulate emission limits. These can replace the ESP when particulate emissions are the only concern.
The steam turbine in the flue gas processing system (shown in the above diagram) is used to drive the regenerator's combustion air compressor during start-ups of the FCC unit until there is sufficient combustion flue gas to take over that task.
# Mechanism and products of catalytic cracking.
The fluid catalytic cracking process breaks large hydrocarbons by their conversion to carbocations, which undergo myriad rearrangements.
Figure 2 is a | 6,125,231 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
very simplified schematic diagram that exemplifies how the process breaks high boiling, straight-chain alkane (paraffin) hydrocarbons into smaller straight-chain alkanes as well as branched-chain alkanes, branched alkenes (olefins) and cycloalkanes (naphthenes). The breaking of the large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules is more technically referred to by organic chemists as "scission" of the carbon-to-carbon bonds.
As depicted in Figure 2, some of the smaller alkanes are then broken and converted into even smaller alkenes and branched alkenes such as the gases ethylene, propylene, butylenes, and isobutylenes. Those olefinic gases are valuable for use as petrochemical feedstocks. | 6,125,232 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
The propylene, butylene and isobutylene are also valuable feedstocks for certain petroleum refining processes that convert them into high-octane gasoline blending components.
As also depicted in Figure 2, the cycloalkanes (naphthenes) formed by the initial breakup of the large molecules are further converted to aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes, which boil in the gasoline boiling range and have much higher octane ratings than alkanes.
In the cracking process carbon is also produced which gets deposited on the catalyst (catalyst coke). The carbon formation tendency or amount of carbon in a crude or FCC feed is measured with methods such as Micro Carbon Residue, Conradson Carbon | 6,125,233 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
Residue, or Ramsbottom Carbon Residue.
## Catalysts.
Modern FCC catalysts are fine powders with a bulk density of 0.80 to 0.96 g/cm and having a particle size distribution ranging from 10 to 150 µm and an average particle size of 60 to 100 μm. The design and operation of an FCC unit is largely dependent upon the chemical and physical properties of the catalyst. The desirable properties of an FCC catalyst are:
- Good stability to high temperature and to steam
- High activity
- Large pore sizes
- Good resistance to attrition
- Low coke production
A modern FCC catalyst has four major components: crystalline zeolite, matrix, binder, and filler. Zeolite is the active component and can comprise | 6,125,234 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
from about 15 to 50 weight percent of the catalyst. Faujasite (aka Type Y) is the zeolite used in FCC units. The zeolite are strong solid acids (equivalent to 90% sulfuric acid). The alumina matrix component of an FCC catalyst also contributes to catalytic activity sites. The binder and filler components provide the physical strength and integrity of the catalyst. The binder is usually silica sol and the filler is usually a clay (kaolin). The major suppliers of FCC catalysts worldwide include Albemarle Corporation, W.R. Grace Company, and BASF Catalysts (formerly Engelhard). The price for lanthanum oxide used in fluid catalytic cracking has risen from $5 per kilogram in early 2010 to $140 per | 6,125,235 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
kilogram in June 2011. FCC units continuously withdraw and replace some of the catalyst in order to maintain a steady level of activity.
# History.
The first commercial use of catalytic cracking occurred in 1915 when Almer M. McAfee of Gulf Refining Company developed a batch process using aluminum chloride (a Friedel Crafts catalyst known since 1877) to catalytically crack heavy petroleum oils. However, the prohibitive cost of the catalyst prevented the widespread use of McAfee's process at that time.
In 1922, a French mechanical engineer named Eugene Jules Houdry and a French pharmacist named E.A. Prudhomme set up a laboratory near Paris to develop a catalytic process for converting lignite | 6,125,236 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
coal to gasoline. Supported by the French government, they built a small demonstration plant in 1929 that processed about 60 tons per day of lignite coal. The results indicated that the process was not economically viable and it was subsequently shut down.
Houdry had found that Fuller's earth, a clay mineral containing aluminosilicates, could convert oil derived from the lignite to gasoline. He then began to study the catalysis of petroleum oils and had some success in converting vaporized petroleum oil to gasoline. In 1930, the Vacuum Oil Company invited him to come to the United States and he moved his laboratory to Paulsboro, New Jersey.
In 1931, the Vacuum Oil Company merged with Standard | 6,125,237 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
Oil of New York (Socony) to form the Socony-Vacuum Oil Company. In 1933, a small Houdry unit processed of petroleum oil. Because of the economic depression of the early 1930s, Socony-Vacuum was no longer able to support Houdry's work and gave him permission to seek help elsewhere.
In 1933, Houdry and Socony-Vacuum joined with Sun Oil Company in developing the Houdry process. Three years later, in 1936, Socony-Vacuum converted an older thermal cracking unit in their Paulsboro refinery in New Jersey to a small demonstration unit using the Houdry process to catalytically crack of petroleum oil.
In 1937, Sun Oil began operation of a new Houdry unit processing in their Marcus Hook refinery in Pennsylvania. | 6,125,238 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
The Houdry process at that time used reactors with a fixed bed of catalyst and was a semi-batch operation involving multiple reactors with some of the reactors in operation while other reactors were in various stages of regenerating the catalyst. Motor-driven valves were used to switch the reactors between online operation and offline regeneration and a cycle timer managed the switching. Almost 50 percent of the cracked product was gasoline as compared with about 25 percent from the thermal cracking processes.
By 1938, when the Houdry process was publicly announced, Socony-Vacuum had eight additional units under construction. Licensing the process to other companies also began and by 1940 there | 6,125,239 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
were 14 Houdry units in operation processing .
The next major step was to develop a continuous process rather than the semi-batch Houdry process. That step was implemented by advent of the moving-bed process known as the Thermofor Catalytic Cracking (TCC) process which used a bucket conveyor-elevator to move the catalyst from the regeneration kiln to the separate reactor section. A small semicommercial demonstration TCC unit was built in Socony-Vacuum's Paulsboro refinery in 1941 and operated successfully, producing . Then a full-scale commercial TCC unit processing began operation in 1943 at the Beaumont, Texas refinery of Magnolia Oil Company, an affiliate of Socony-Vacuum. By the end of | 6,125,240 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
World War II in 1945, the processing capacity of the TCC units in operation was about .
It is said that the Houdry and TCC units were a major factor in the winning of World War II by supplying the high-octane gasoline needed by the air forces of Great Britain and the United States for the more efficient higher compression ratio engines of the Spitfire and the Mustang.
In the years immediately after World War II, the Houdriflow process and the air-lift TCC process were developed as improved variations on the moving-bed theme. Just like Houdry's fixed-bed reactors, the moving-bed designs were prime examples of good engineering by developing a method of continuously moving the catalyst between | 6,125,241 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
the reactor and regeneration sections. The first air-lift TCC unit began operation in October 1950 at the Beaumont, Texas refinery.
This fluid catalytic cracking process had first been investigated in the 1920s by Standard Oil of New Jersey, but research on it was abandoned during the economic depression years of 1929 to 1939. In 1938, when the success of Houdry's process had become apparent, Standard Oil of New Jersey resumed the project as part of a consortium of that include five oil companies (Standard Oil of New Jersey, Standard Oil of Indiana, Anglo-Iranian Oil, Texas Oil and Dutch Shell), two engineering-construction companies (M.W. Kellogg Limited and Universal Oil Products) and a German | 6,125,242 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
chemical company (I.G. Farben). The consortium was called Catalytic Research Associates (CRA) and its purpose was to develop a catalytic cracking process which would not impinge on Houdry's patents.
Chemical engineering professors Warren K. Lewis and Edwin R. Gilliland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) suggested to the CRA researchers that a low velocity gas flow through a powder might "lift" it enough to cause it to flow in a manner similar to a liquid. Focused on that idea of a fluidized catalyst, researchers Donald Campbell, Homer Martin, Eger Murphree and Charles Tyson of the Standard Oil of New Jersey (now Exxon-Mobil Company) developed the first fluidized catalytic cracking | 6,125,243 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
unit. Their U.S. Patent No. 2,451,804, "A Method of and Apparatus for Contacting Solids and Gases", describes their milestone invention. Based on their work, M. W. Kellogg Company constructed a large pilot plant in the Baton Rouge, Louisiana refinery of the Standard Oil of New Jersey. The pilot plant began operation in May 1940.
Based on the success of the pilot plant, the first commercial fluid catalytic cracking plant (known as the Model I FCC) began processing of petroleum oil in the Baton Rouge refinery on May 25, 1942, just four years after the CRA consortium was formed and in the midst of World War II. A little more than a month later, in July 1942, it was processing . In 1963, that first | 6,125,244 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
Model I FCC unit was shut down after 21 years of operation and subsequently dismantled.
In the many decades since the Model I FCC unit began operation, the fixed bed Houdry units have all been shut down as have most of the moving bed units (such as the TCC units) while hundreds of FCC units have been built. During those decades, many improved FCC designs have evolved and cracking catalysts have been greatly improved, but the modern FCC units are essentially the same as that first Model I FCC unit.
# See also.
- Cracking (chemistry)
# External links.
- Valero Refinery Tour (Houston, TX) Description and diagram of power train
- CD Tech website discussion of Lummus FCC and hydrotreating of | 6,125,245 |
3527984 | Fluid catalytic cracking | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluid%20catalytic%20cracking | Fluid catalytic cracking
of FCC units have been built. During those decades, many improved FCC designs have evolved and cracking catalysts have been greatly improved, but the modern FCC units are essentially the same as that first Model I FCC unit.
# See also.
- Cracking (chemistry)
# External links.
- Valero Refinery Tour (Houston, TX) Description and diagram of power train
- CD Tech website discussion of Lummus FCC and hydrotreating of catalytically cracked naphtha.
- The FCC Network
- Recovery of CO from a FCC using the COPure Process
- North American Catalysis Society
- Fluid Catalytic Cracking (University of British Columbia, Quak Foo, Lee )
- CFD Simulation of a Full-Scale Commercial FCC Regenerator | 6,125,246 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
"Through the Looking Glass" is episode 21 of season 2 in the television show "Angel". Written and directed by Tim Minear, it was originally broadcast on May 15, 2001 on the WB network. It is the second episode in a three-part arc.
In "Through the Looking Glass", Angel and the others are still trapped in the Pylea dimension. Cordelia finds herself appointed ruling princess of Pylea by an order of priests and ordered to mate with a human-like creature called the Groosalugg, while Angel seeks to help Lorne the Host bond with his estranged family, which takes a turn when Angel saves a runaway human slave, named Winifred "Fred" Burkle, the same L.A. librarian who | 6,125,247 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
was sucked into Pylea five years earlier. Also, Wesley and Gunn manage to escape from the castle only to end up as captives of human Pylean rebels plotting to overthrow the monarchy.
# Plot.
Angel, Wesley, and Gunn are shocked to see Cordelia has been crowned princess of Pylea. She jokingly demands their heads be cut off, but quickly restates herself. After she dismisses the guards, Cordelia recounts how she became princess due to her visions. Lorne confirms his people have been waiting for one cursed with the sight that will save them all.
Lorne takes Angel to his family's house, where Lorne's cousin Landok identifies Angel as a hero. Angel, who is made the special guest of their upcoming | 6,125,248 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
village feast, tells stories to the people of Pylea while Lorne is ignored. Landok offers Angel the honor of "swinging the crebbil in the Bach-nal," and Angel agrees to take part - before he learns it means beheading a human so the people of Pylea can feast on it. Winifred “Fred” Burkle is brought forth, but Angel refuses to kill her. The two are able to make an escape when Lorne begins to sing, causing severe pain to the Pyleans.
While perusing the castle library, Wesley discovers "the cursed one" will have to perform something called a "com-shuk" with a Groosalugg. He considers asking the priests to translate the book, until he realizes it is part of a trilogy marked with three animals - | 6,125,249 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
wolf, ram and hart - linking the priests to the evil law firm back in Los Angeles. Silas, one of the priests, arrives to inform Cordelia that the Groosalugg has been summoned and that the "com-shuk" is a mating ritual. Wesley, Gunn, and Cordelia try to escape through a sewer tunnel, but Cordelia is caught by the priests and dragged back to her throne. Heavily guarded, Cordelia worries about mating with the demon, until Silas introduces the Groosalugg, who is a handsome and muscular young male.
Fred leads Angel to a cave where she has been staying for a long while. Fred talks nervously as she crazily scribbles on the cave walls. Angel finds Fred's driver's license and realizes she is the girl | 6,125,250 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
from Cordy's vision. She doesn't believe him when he tells her of her life in LA and how she got to Pylea because it's been so long, she's doesn't want to believe. Angel is attacked by guards as he tries to lead Fred to the castle, and when he tries to shift into his vampire face, instead he becomes pure demon and brutally rips through the guard's body with his super-sized teeth. The other runs and Angel takes off as well, leaving Fred frightened and alone. Wesley and Gunn wander lost, until the demon Angel attacks them. It takes a while before Wesley can recognize Angel's tattoo. A short distance away, Fred coats her hand in blood and is able to lure Angel away from his friends with the smell. | 6,125,251 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
Demon Angel sees his reflection in water at Fred's cave and is suddenly motivated to switch back to human form. Gunn and Wesley are surrounded and tied up by rebels who want to send a message to the castle. Gunn and Wesley try to convince the rebels that they know the princess and suggest they use them to contact her. The rebels agree, but their idea involves decapitation. Fred comforts Angel as he painfully deals with the aftermath of being controlled by the demon inside of him. He concludes that his friends saw what he really was and now he can never go back to them.
The Groosalugg tells Cordelia that his human qualities make him unappealing to his people, so he battled with demons to end | 6,125,252 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
his existence, but after defeating them earned the name for bravery and strength. Lorne is brought before Cordelia for judgment and he is almost sentenced to death, but Cordelia pardons him and then kicks him out so she can be alone with her future mate. Cordelia explains to the Groosalugg that she is not a princess, but he doesn't believe her because of what he was told. Silas tells his fellow priests that the princess has requested paper so she can write proclamations and do good for Pylea. He doesn't like the fact that she has not taken part in the com-shuk yet. Cordelia's proclamation writing is interrupted by Silas who brings forth a large platter and orders Groosalugg out of the room. | 6,125,253 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
He tells her she and Groosalugg are just tools and she will do what she is told. Cordelia refuses to accept that, until she is shocked into silence as Silas reveals Lorne's head displayed on the platter.
# Production details.
Makeup Artist Dayne Johnson says that this episode was one of the most time-consuming for the makeup department. The full-body green makeup used to transform Andy Hallett into a Pylean took three hours, and the dozens of Pylean extras required 14 makeup artists beginning at 2:30am.
## Acting.
Series creator Joss Whedon briefly appears in this episode playing Lorne's Pylean brother, "Numfar". Whedon wanted his appearance to be a big surprise, and so had his make-up done | 6,125,254 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
in another make-up trailer. When Andy Hallett, the actor who played Lorne, saw Whedon doing a "Dance of Joy" at rehearsal, he thought the unknown actor was "trash".
## Continuity.
- Angel tells children stories of his adventures in "To Shanshu in L.A." such as when he cut Lindsey's hand off. Later, Landok asks Angel to tell a story about the events of "I Fall to Pieces".
- After learning of the mating ritual, Cordelia tells Wesley, "I want you to find me a dimension where some demon "doesn't" want to impregnate me with its spawn. Is that just too much to ask?" Cordelia was impregnated with the spawn of a Haxil demon in "Expecting" and was impregnated with the spawn of a Skilosh demon in "Epiphany."
- | 6,125,255 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
This episode reveals that the powers of Wolfram and Hart extend far beyond the human dimension when their animal symbols—a wolf, a ram, and a deer (hart)—are seen by Wes, Gunn, and Cordy in Pylea. In Season Five, Illyria remembers "the Wolf, Ram, and Hart" of her long-ago era, indicating this was the organization's original name.
- As was pointed out as recently as "Disharmony," in the Buffyverse, soulless vampires are not truly humans who have been transformed into vampires, but demons who inhabit the bodies of dead humans to become vampires, their personas shaped by the humans' memories. Prior to regaining his soul, Angel, originally named Liam, was such a being, a demon who, in combination | 6,125,256 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
with Angel's original personality, became Angel's evil persona Angelus; only the restoration of Angel's human soul (e.g. the original Liam whom the demon supplanted) suppressed the demon/Angelus. Angel's demonic form in this episode, which he inadvertently assumes when displaying his vampiric nature, is thus presumably the demon who originally possessed Liam's dead body, looking as it would without the human influence that originally caused it to become Angelus.
## Cultural references.
- Through the Looking-Glass: The episode's title is taken from the children's book by Lewis Carroll.
- Durdane series : Also notable is a flavor of imagery, gadgetry and some plot devices from the books of | 6,125,257 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
Jack Vance's Durdane series, the first being 'The Faceless Man'.
- Lorne calls Angel "Hans Christian Tarantino" at the conclusion of Angel's storytelling session about the events in To Shanshu in L.A., presumably because Hans Christian Andersen was a storyteller, and Quentin Tarantino is known for directing action/graphic movies.
- When Gunn and Wesley are in the woods, Wesley shushes him because he hears something. Gunn asks him if he's having a "Blair Witch moment", referring to the cult film The Blair Witch Project.
# Reception.
The "Pylea" arc, which begins with the previous episode and concludes with the season finale, "There's No Place Like Plrtz Glrb", appears ninth on Slayage.com's | 6,125,258 |
3528041 | Through the Looking Glass (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through%20the%20Looking%20Glass%20(Angel) | Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
eing 'The Faceless Man'.
- Lorne calls Angel "Hans Christian Tarantino" at the conclusion of Angel's storytelling session about the events in To Shanshu in L.A., presumably because Hans Christian Andersen was a storyteller, and Quentin Tarantino is known for directing action/graphic movies.
- When Gunn and Wesley are in the woods, Wesley shushes him because he hears something. Gunn asks him if he's having a "Blair Witch moment", referring to the cult film The Blair Witch Project.
# Reception.
The "Pylea" arc, which begins with the previous episode and concludes with the season finale, "There's No Place Like Plrtz Glrb", appears ninth on Slayage.com's list of the top 10 episodes of Angel. | 6,125,259 |
3528056 | William Everett Potter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Everett%20Potter | William Everett Potter
William Everett Potter
William Everett Potter (July 17, 1905 – December 5, 1988) was Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1956 to 1960.
# Biography.
He was born on July 17, 1905 in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.
He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1928. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1933 with a degree in civil engineering. He served as Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1956 to 1960.
On July 7, 1959, Mr. Potter appeared as a guest challenger on the TV panel show "To Tell The Truth".
He died of heart failure on December 5, 1988 at Orlando Regional Medical Center in Orlando, Florida.
# The Walt Disney Company.
Potter played a | 6,125,260 |
3528056 | William Everett Potter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Everett%20Potter | William Everett Potter
as Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1956 to 1960.
On July 7, 1959, Mr. Potter appeared as a guest challenger on the TV panel show "To Tell The Truth".
He died of heart failure on December 5, 1988 at Orlando Regional Medical Center in Orlando, Florida.
# The Walt Disney Company.
Potter played a key role in the construction of Walt Disney World. He is credited with helping to build much of the underground utilities (such as power and water treatment) and other infrastructure. Potter met Walt Disney at the New York World's Fair. He became a Disney Legend in 1997. One of the three ferries that transports guests across the Seven Seas Lagoon was re-christened in his honor.ref name="D23" | 6,125,261 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.
Produced by the World Health Organization, it is used in several countries around the world. Some have gone on to develop their own national enhancements, building off the international version of the classification.
Chapter XI of ICD-10 deals with conditions effecting the digestive system. Examples of conditions captured using codes from Chapter XI include; gastrointestinal stromal tumor, pancreatitis, and alcoholic liver disease.
# K00–K93 – Diseases of the digestive system.
## (K00–K14) Diseases of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws.
- | 6,125,262 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
() Disorders of tooth development and eruption
- () Anodontia
- Hypodontia
- Oligodontia
- () Supernumerary teeth
- () Abnormalities of size and form of teeth
- Concrescence
- Tooth fusion
- Dens evaginatus
- Dens invaginatus
- Enamel pearls
- Macrodontia
- Microdontia
- Taurodontism
- () Mottled teeth
- Dental fluorosis
- Mottling of enamel
- Nonfluoride enamel opacities
- () Disturbances in tooth formation
- Dilaceration of tooth
- Enamel hypoplasia
- Regional odontodysplasia
- Turner's tooth
- () Hereditary disturbances in tooth structure, not elsewhere classified
- Amelogenesis imperfecta
- Dentinogenesis imperfecta
- Odontogenesis imperfecta
- Dentinal dysplasia
- | 6,125,263 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
Shell teeth
- () Disturbances in tooth eruption
- () Teething syndrome
- () Other disorders of tooth development
- () Disorder of tooth development, unspecified
- () Embedded and impacted teeth
- () Embedded teeth
- () Impacted teeth
- () Dental caries
- () Caries limited to enamel
- () Caries of dentine
- () Caries of cementum
- () Arrested dental caries
- () Odontoclasia
- () Other dental caries
- () Dental caries, unspecified
- () Other diseases of hard tissues of teeth
- () Excessive attrition of teeth
- () Abrasion of teeth
- () Erosion of teeth
- () Pathological resorption of teeth
- () Hypercementosis
- () Ankylosis of teeth
- () Deposits (accretions) on teeth
- | 6,125,264 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
() Posteruptive colour changes of dental hard tissues
- () Other specified diseases of hard tissues of teeth
- () Disease of hard tissues of teeth, unspecified
- () Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues
- () Pulpitis
- () Necrosis of pulp
- () Pulp degeneration
- () Abnormal hard tissue formation in pulp
- () Acute apical periodontitis of pulpal origin
- () Chronic apical periodontitis
- () Periapical abscess with sinus
- () Periapical abscess without sinus
- () Radicular cyst
- () Other and unspecified diseases of pulp and periapical tissues
- () Gingivitis and periodontal diseases
- () Acute gingivitis
- () Chronic gingivitis
- () Acute periodontitis
- () Chronic periodontitis
- | 6,125,265 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
() Periodontosis
- () Other periodontal diseases
- () Periodontal disease, unspecified
- () Other disorders of gingiva and edentulous alveolar ridge
- () Gingival recession
- () Gingival enlargement
- () Gingival and edentulous alveolar ridge lesions associated with trauma
- () Other specified disorders of gingiva and edentulous alveolar ridge
- Fibrous epulis
- Flabby ridge
- Giant cell epulis
- Peripheral giant cell granuloma
- Pyogenic granuloma of gingiva
- () Disorder of gingiva and edentulous alveolar ridge, unspecified
- () Dentofacial anomalies (including malocclusion)
- () Major anomalies of jaw size
- mandibular hyperplasia
- maxillary hypoplasia
- mandibular hyperplasia
- | 6,125,266 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
maxillary hypoplasia
- Macrognathism (mandibular)(maxillary)
- Micrognathism (mandibular)(maxillary)
- () Anomalies of jaw-cranial base relationship
- Asymmetry of jaw
- Prognathism (mandibular)(maxillary)
- Retrognathism (mandibular)(maxillary)
- () Anomalies of dental arch relationship
- Crossbite (anterior)(posterior)
- Disto-occlusion
- Mesio-occlusion
- Midline deviation of dental arch
- Openbite (anterior)(posterior)
- Overbite (excessive)
- Overjet
- Posterior lingual occlusion of mandibular teeth
- () Anomalies of tooth position
- Crowding of tooth or teeth
- Diastema of tooth or teeth
- Displacement of tooth or teeth
- Rotation of tooth or teeth
- Abnormal spacing | 6,125,267 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
of tooth or teeth
- Transposition of tooth or teeth
- Impacted or embedded teeth with abnormal position of such teeth or adjacent teeth
- () Malocclusion, unspecified
- () Dentofacial functional abnormalities
- Abnormal jaw closure
- Malocclusion due to abnormal swallowing
- Malocclusion due tomouth breathing
- Malocclusion due tongue, lip or finger habits
- () Temporomandibular joint disorders
- Costen's complex or syndrome
- Derangement of temporomandibular joint
- Snapping jaw
- Temporomandibular joint-pain-dysfunction syndrome
- () Other dentofacial anomalies
- () Dentofacial anomaly, unspecified
- () Other disorders of teeth and supporting structures
- () Exfoliation of | 6,125,268 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
teeth due to systemic causes
- () Loss of teeth due to accident, extraction or local periodontal disease
- () Atrophy of edentulous alveolar ridge
- () Retained dental root
- () Other specified disorders of teeth and supporting structures
- Enlargement of alveolar ridge NOS
- Irregular alveolar process
- Toothache NOS
- () Disorder of teeth and supporting structures, unspecified
- () Cysts of region, not elsewhere classified
- () Developmental odontogenic cysts
- () Developmental (nonodontogenic) cysts of oral region
- () Other cysts of jaw
- () Other cysts of oral region, not elsewhere classified
- () Cyst of oral region, unspecified
- () Other diseases of jaws
- () Developmental | 6,125,269 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
disorders of jaws
- Torus mandibularis
- Torus palatinus
- () Giant cell granuloma, central
- () Inflammatory conditions of jaws
- () Alveolitis of jaws
- () Other specified diseases of jaws
- () Disease of jaws, unspecified
- () Diseases of salivary glands
- () Atrophy of salivary gland
- () Hypertrophy of salivary gland
- () Sialadenitis
- () Abscess of salivary gland
- () Fistula of salivary gland
- () Sialolithiasis
- () Mucocele of salivary gland
- Ranula
- () Disturbances of salivary secretion
- Hypoptyalism
- Ptyalism
- Xerostomia
- () Other diseases of salivary glands
- Benign lymphoepithelial lesion of salivary gland
- Mikulicz' disease
- Necrotizing sialometaplasia
- | 6,125,270 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
Sialectasia
- () Disease of salivary gland, unspecified
- () Stomatitis and related lesions
- () Recurrent oral aphthae
- () Other forms of stomatitis
- () Cellulitis and abscess of mouth
- () Other diseases of lip and oral mucosa
- () Diseases of lips
- Cheilitis
- Cheilodynia
- Cheilosis
- Perlèche NEC
- () Cheek and lip biting
- () Leukoplakia and other disturbances of oral epithelium, including tongue
- Erythroplakia
- () Hairy leukoplakia
- () Granuloma and granuloma-like lesions of oral mucosa
- Verrucous xanthoma
- () Oral submucous fibrosis
- () Irritative hyperplasia of oral mucosa
- () Other and unspecified lesions of oral mucosa
- () Diseases of tongue
- () Glossitis
- | 6,125,271 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
() Geographic tongue
- () Median rhomboid glossitis
- () Hypertrophy of tongue papillae
- Black hairy tongue
- () Atrophy of tongue papillae
- () Plicated tongue
- Fissured tongue
- () Glossodynia
- () Other diseases of tongue
- () Disease of tongue, unspecified
## (K20–K31) Diseases of oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.
- () esophagitis
- () Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- () Other diseases of oesophagus
- () Achalasia of cardia
- () Ulcer of oesophagus
- () Oesophageal obstruction
- () Perforation of oesophagus
- () Dyskinesia of oesophagus
- () Diverticulum of oesophagus, acquired
- () Gastro-oesophageal laceration-haemorrhage syndrome
- () Barrett's oesophagus
- | 6,125,272 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
() Other specified diseases of oesophagus
- () Disease of oesophagus, unspecified
- () Disorders of oesophagus in diseases classified elsewhere
- () Gastric ulcer
- () Duodenal ulcer
- () Peptic ulcer, site unspecified
- () Gastrojejunal ulcer
- () Gastritis and duodenitis
- () Acute haemorrhagic gastritis
- () Other acute gastritis
- () Alcoholic gastritis
- () Chronic superficial gastritis
- () Chronic atrophic gastritis
- () Chronic gastritis, unspecified
- () Other gastritis
- Giant hypertrophic gastritis
- Granulomatous gastritis
- Ménétrier's disease
- () Gastritis, unspecified
- () Duodenitis
- () Gastroduodenitis, unspecified
- () Dyspepsia
- () Other diseases of | 6,125,273 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
stomach and duodenum
- () Acute dilatation of stomach
- () Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- () Hourglass stricture and stenosis of stomach
- () Pylorospasm, not elsewhere classified
- () Gastric diverticulum
- () Obstruction of duodenum
- () Fistula of stomach and duodenum
- () polyp of stomach and duodenum
- () Other specified diseases of stomach and duodenum
- Achlorhydria
- Gastroptosis
- Hourglass contraction of stomach
- () Disease of stomach and duodenum, unspecified
## (K35–K38) Diseases of appendix.
- () Acute appendicitis
- () Acute appendicitis with generalized peritonitis
- () Acute appendicitis with peritoneal abscess
- () Acute appendicitis, unspecified
- | 6,125,274 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
() Other appendicitis
- () Unspecified appendicitis
- () Other diseases of appendix
- () Hyperplasia of appendix
- () Appendicular concretions
- Faecalith
- Stercolith
- () Diverticulum of appendix
- () Fistula of appendix
- () Other specified diseases of appendix
- Intussusception of appendix
- () Disease of appendix, unspecified
## (K50–K52) Noninfective enteritis and colitis.
- () Crohn's disease (regional enteritis)
- () Crohn's disease of small intestine
- () Crohn's disease of large intestine
- () Other Crohn's disease
- () Crohn's disease, unspecified
- () Ulcerative colitis
- () Ulcerative (chronic) enterocolitis
- () Ulcerative (chronic) ileocolitis
- () Ulcerative | 6,125,275 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
(chronic) proctitis
- () Ulcerative (chronic) rectosigmoiditis
- () Pseudopolyposis of colon
- () Mucosal proctocolitis
- () Other ulcerative colitis
- () Ulcerative colitis, unspecified
- Ulcerative enteritis NOS
- () Other noninfective gastroenteritis and colitis
- () Gastroenteritis and colitis due to radiation
- () Toxic gastroenteritis and colitis
- () Allergic and dietetic gastroenteritis and colitis
- () Other specified noninfective gastroenteritis and colitis
- () Noninfective gastroenteritis and colitis, unspecified
## (K55–K63) Other diseases of intestines.
- () Vascular disorders of intestine
- () Acute vascular disorders of intestine
- () Chronic vascular disorders | 6,125,276 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
of intestine
- Mesenteric vascular insufficiency
- () Angiodysplasia of colon
- () Other vascular disorders of intestine
- () Vascular disorder of intestine, unspecified
- () Paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction without hernia
- () Paralytic ileus
- () Intussusception
- () Volvulus
- () Gallstone ileus
- () Other impaction of intestine
- () Intestinal adhesions (bands) with obstruction
- () Other and unspecified intestinal obstruction
- () Ileus, unspecified
- () Diverticular disease of intestine
- () Diverticular disease of small intestine with perforation and abscess
- () Diverticular disease of small intestine without perforation or abscess
- () Diverticular disease | 6,125,277 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
of large intestine with perforation and abscess
- () Diverticular disease of large intestine without perforation or abscess
- () Diverticular disease of both small and large intestine with perforation and abscess
- () Diverticular disease of both small and large intestine without perforation or abscess
- () Diverticular disease of intestine, part unspecified, with perforation and abscess
- () Diverticular disease of intestine, part unspecified, without perforation or abscess
- () Irritable bowel syndrome
- () Other functional intestinal disorders
- () Constipation
- () Functional diarrhoea
- () Neurogenic bowel, not elsewhere classified
- () Megacolon, not elsewhere classified
- | 6,125,278 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
Toxic megacolon
- () Anal spasm
- Proctalgia fugax
- () Other specified functional intestinal disorders
- () Functional intestinal disorder, unspecified
- () Fissure and fistula of anal and rectal regions
- () Acute anal fissure
- () Chronic anal fissure
- () Anal fissure, unspecified
- () Anal fistula
- () Rectal fistula
- () Anorectal fistula
- () Abscess of anal and rectal regions
- () Anal abscess
- () Other diseases of anus and rectum
- () Anal polyp
- () Rectal polyp
- () Anal prolapse
- () Rectal prolapse
- () Stenosis of anus and rectum
- () Haemorrhage of anus and rectum
- () Ulcer of anus and rectum
- () Radiation proctitis
- () Other specified diseases of anus | 6,125,279 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
and rectum
- Proctitis NOS
- () Disease of anus and rectum, unspecified
- () Other diseases of intestine
- () Abscess of intestine
- () Perforation of intestine (nontraumatic)
- () Fistula of intestine
- () Ulcer of intestine
- () Enteroptosis
- () Polyp of colon
- () Other specified diseases of intestine
- () Disease of intestine, unspecified
## (K65–K67) Diseases of peritoneum.
- () Peritonitis
- () Other disorders of peritoneum
- () Peritoneal adhesions
- () Haemoperitoneum
- () Other specified disorders of peritoneum
- () Disorder of peritoneum, unspecified
- () Disorders of peritoneum in infectious diseases classified elsewhere
## (K70–K77) Diseases of liver.
- () Alcoholic | 6,125,280 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
liver disease
- () Alcoholic fatty liver
- () Alcoholic hepatitis
- () Alcoholic fibrosis and sclerosis of liver
- () Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver
- () Alcoholic hepatic failure
- () Alcoholic liver disease, unspecified
- () Toxic liver disease
- () Toxic liver disease with cholestasis
- () Toxic liver disease with hepatic necrosis
- () Toxic liver disease with acute hepatitis
- () Toxic liver disease with chronic persistent hepatitis
- () Toxic liver disease with chronic lobular hepatitis
- () Toxic liver disease with chronic active hepatitis
- () Toxic liver disease with hepatitis, not elsewhere classified
- () Toxic liver disease with fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver
- () Toxic | 6,125,281 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
liver disease with other disorders of liver
- () Toxic liver disease, unspecified
- () Hepatic failure, not elsewhere classified
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- () Chronic hepatitis, not elsewhere classified
- () Fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver
- () Hepatic fibrosis
- () Hepatic sclerosis
- () Hepatic fibrosis with hepatic sclerosis
- () Primary biliary cirrhosis
- () Secondary biliary cirrhosis
- () Biliary cirrhosis, unspecified
- () Other and unspecified cirrhosis of liver
- () Other inflammatory liver diseases
- () Abscess of liver
- () Phlebitis of portal vein
- () Nonspecific reactive hepatitis
- () Granulomatous hepatitis, not elsewhere classified
- () Autoimmune hepatitis
- | 6,125,282 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
() Other specified inflammatory liver diseases
- () Inflammatory liver disease, unspecified
- Hepatitis NOS
- () Other diseases of liver
- () Fatty (change of) liver, not elsewhere classified
- () Chronic passive congestion of liver
- () Central haemorrhagic necrosis of liver
- () Infarction of liver
- () Peliosis hepatis
- () Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
- () Portal hypertension
- () Hepatorenal syndrome
- () Other specified diseases of liver
- () Liver disease, unspecified
- () Liver disorders in diseases classified elsewhere
## (K80–K87) Disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas.
- () Cholelithiasis
- () Calculus of gallbladder with acute cholecystitis
- () | 6,125,283 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
Calculus of gallbladder with other cholecystitis
- () Calculus of gallbladder without cholecystitis
- () Calculus of bile duct with cholangitis
- () Calculus of bile duct with cholecystitis
- () Calculus of bile duct without cholangitis or cholecystitis
- Choledocholithiasis
- () Other cholelithiasis
- () Cholecystitis
- () Other diseases of gallbladder
- () Obstruction of gallbladder
- () Hydrops of gallbladder
- () Perforation of gallbladder
- () Fistula of gallbladder
- () Cholesterolosis of gallbladder
- Strawberry gallbladder
- () Other specified diseases of gallbladder
- () Disease of gallbladder, unspecified
- () Other diseases of biliary tract
- () Cholangitis
- () | 6,125,284 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
Obstruction of bile duct
- () Perforation of bile duct
- () Fistula of bile duct
- () Spasm of sphincter of Oddi
- () Biliary cyst
- () Other specified diseases of biliary tract
- () Disease of biliary tract, unspecified
- () Acute pancreatitis
- Abscess of pancreas
- () Other diseases of pancreas
- () Alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis
- () Other chronic pancreatitis
- () Cyst of pancreas
- () Pseudocyst of pancreas
- () Other specified diseases of pancreas
- () Disease of pancreas, unspecified
- () Disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas in diseases classified elsewhere
## (K90–K93) Other diseases of the digestive system.
- () Intestinal malabsorption
- () | 6,125,285 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
Coeliac disease
- () Tropical sprue
- () Blind loop syndrome, not elsewhere classified
- () Pancreatic steatorrhoea
- () Malabsorption due to intolerance, not elsewhere classified
- () Other intestinal malabsorption
- () Intestinal malabsorption, unspecified
- () Postprocedural disorders of digestive system, not elsewhere classified
- () Vomiting following gastrointestinal surgery
- () Postgastric surgery syndromes
- dumping syndrome
- postgastrectomy syndrome
- postvagotomy syndrome
- () Postsurgical malabsorption, not elsewhere classified
- () Postoperative intestinal obstruction
- () Colostomy and enterostomy malfunction
- () Postcholecystectomy syndrome
- () Other postprocedural | 6,125,286 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
disorders of digestive system, not elsewhere classified
- () Postprocedural disorder of digestive system, unspecified
- () Other diseases of digestive system
- () Haematemesis
- () Melaena
- () Gastrointestinal haemorrhage, unspecified
- () Other specified diseases of digestive system
- () Disease of digestive system, unspecified
- () Disorders of other digestive organs in diseases classified elsewhere
# Exclusions.
- Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P04-P96)
- Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
- Complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O9A)
- Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99)
- | 6,125,287 |
3528065 | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICD-10%20Chapter%20XI:%20Diseases%20of%20the%20digestive%20system | ICD-10 Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system
ive organs in diseases classified elsewhere
# Exclusions.
- Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P04-P96)
- Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
- Complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O9A)
- Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99)
- Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E88)
- Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00-T88)
- Neoplasms (C00-D49)
- Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, NEC (R00-R94)
# See also.
- List of ICD-10 codes
- International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems | 6,125,288 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
Heartthrob (Angel)
"Heartthrob" is the first episode of season three in the television show "Angel". Written and directed by David Greenwalt, it was originally broadcast on September 24, 2001 on the WB network. In this episode, Angel's former traveling companion James seeks revenge against Angel for staking his lover, Elisabeth.
# Plot.
Wesley, Cordelia and Gunn discuss their recent addition at the Hyperion Hotel, Winifred "Fred" Burkle, who has spent the last three months in her room (except when she enters the lobby for a few seconds before scurrying back). They note her bravery at surviving five years in Pylea. Also cause for concern is Angel, who has also spent the summer away from the | 6,125,289 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
group by spending time at a monastery in Sri Lanka since learning of Buffy's death. Wesley notes that all Angel needs is peace and quiet. Angel's mourning, however, is anything but peaceful as the monks turn out to be demons and Angel must kill them all.
Angel returns to Los Angeles and is eagerly greeted by his friends. He gives Cordelia a necklace, Wesley an historical dagger and Gunn a shrunken head (all three gifts are greatly appreciated). Angel asks after Fred, and despite Cordelia's attempt to cover, Angel guesses she hasn't left her room. He decides to go and talk to her; upon hearing a knock on the door, Fred tries to get rid of whoever is on the other side until she hears it's Angel, | 6,125,290 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
then she trips over herself to see him. Invited into Fred's room, Angel finds the walls covered in writing, similar to Fred's cave in Pylea, mostly filled with arcane mathematical formulae. Upon seeing a section with the words "LISTEN LISTEN LISTEN", Angel asks what she's listening for, and Fred responds, "The click in my head when everything makes sense." Angel invites her downstairs, but a scream from Cordelia shatters her sense of security. Cordelia's vision (which have grown increasingly painful over the last few months) sends the guys after a party crashed by vampires. They intercept the vampires and Angel stakes a beautiful blonde, and at the last second recognizes her by her locket as | 6,125,291 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
Elisabeth. Meanwhile, Cordelia recovers from her vision with the help of Dennis, a relaxing bath and some powerful painkillers.
A flashback to Marseille, France, in 1767 reveals that Darla and Angelus once traveled with Elisabeth and James. Angelus is annoyed with the loving relationship between the other couple, as James steals a locket from a store window for Elisabeth. He is also concerned with escaping the vampire hunter, Daniel Holtz, who has been tracking him since Angelus killed the man's entire family.
In the present, James learns about Elisabeth's death, and that Angel was responsible. He charges into the office of a special demon doctor, demanding the ultimate "cure" for vampirism. | 6,125,292 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
The demon, a skin-molting creature named Dr. Gregson, questions James's ability to accept the consequences, but agrees. At Caritas, Lorne sings, while Wesley and Gunn grill Merl for information. Merl reveals James visited Dr. Gregson earlier.
At the Hyperion Hotel, James emerges from the basement and attacks Angel, demanding to know why he took Elisabeth from him. Fred chooses that moment to emerge, and Angel yells at her to stay in her room, causing the girl to lose what little confidence she had gained. The two continue to fight, and Cordelia manages a good hit to James with a fire extinguisher then tosses Angel a stake. Angel manages to stake James, but he is unaffected; Angel throws him | 6,125,293 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
outside, but he doesn't set on fire. Realising he has been made invincible, Angel and Cordelia run for the sewers. A call from Wesley reveals that James is now invincible after having his heart removed, but it's not permanent and he will die when it wears off. Angel tries to throw James off temporarily with the scent of his blood, but James eventually finds them in a subway train. As they fight inside the train, James questions Angel's knowledge of true love. Angel assures him he understands what it is like to lose someone he loves. Soon, the effects of the cure wear off, and James crumbles into dust. Angel allows James' comments about not being able to exist after losing the person he loved | 6,125,294 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
to upset him, but Cordelia convinces him that he honors Buffy by going on.
At a cantina in Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua, a man presents contact information for a shaman to Darla and proceeds to flirt with her, offering her a drink and saying he sees her as a woman with a surprise or two. Darla retorts by showing him surprise #1: sinking her fangs into him. As he falls to the floor, Darla leaves the bar, revealing surprise #2: her incredibly pregnant belly.
# Acting.
Amy Acker joins the regular cast and opening credits as of this episode, and returning actress Julie Benz is billed as a special guest star again.
# Main cast.
- David Boreanaz as Angel
- Charisma Carpenter as Cordelia Chase
- | 6,125,295 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
Alexis Denisof as Wesley Wyndam-Pryce
- J. August Richards as Charles Gunn
- Amy Acker as Winifred Burkle
## Special guest star.
- Julie Benz as Darla
## Guest stars.
- Andy Hallett as Lorne
- Ron Melendez as James
- Kate Norby as Elisabeth
- Keith Szarabajka as Daniel Holtz
## Co-stars.
- Matthew James as Merl
- Koji Kataoka as Pilgrim
- Sam Littlefield as Young Man Hostage
- Dalila Brown-Geiger as Sandy
- Christian Hastings as Vamp #1
- Bob Fimiani as Codger Demon
- Robert Madrid as Rough Man
- Bob Morrisey as Dr. Gregson
# Production details.
The WB began broadcasting "Angel" in letterbox format from this episode forward. However, the film crew didn't begin shooting for | 6,125,296 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
a letterbox format until "That Old Gang of Mine"; this episode was originally filmed with a shorter aspect ratio and had to be re-transferred to the wider format before being aired. Adam Ward, the first assistant/focus puller, says the show has always framed for letterboxing so the transfer process went smoothly. "We were really happy to do it because it made everything a lot more cinematic," he says.
The outside shots of the Buddhist monastery in Sri Lanka is actually footage of a castle in Austria called Castle Hohenwerfen. Production designer Stuart Blatt says the "Angel" location department extensively researched monasteries from all over Asia before settling on a design for the set for | 6,125,297 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
the inside scenes; it was "one of the most fun things so far this year" to create.
## Arc significance.
- Angel's retreat destination, Sri Lanka, was previously mentioned in the "Buffy" episode "Phases", when werewolf hunter Cain revealed Sri Lanka has a profitable market for werewolf pelts.
- This episode marks the first appearance of Holtz, who will become a major villain for the rest of the season.
- In the flashbacks, Darla and Angel reminisce on the events of the flashback from season two's "The Trial", where Darla left Angel to fend for himself in a burning barn after Holtz cornered them in France.
- Darla is revealed to be pregnant and in Central America.
# Reception.
Julie Benz | 6,125,298 |
3528057 | Heartthrob (Angel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartthrob%20(Angel) | Heartthrob (Angel)
for werewolf pelts.
- This episode marks the first appearance of Holtz, who will become a major villain for the rest of the season.
- In the flashbacks, Darla and Angel reminisce on the events of the flashback from season two's "The Trial", where Darla left Angel to fend for himself in a burning barn after Holtz cornered them in France.
- Darla is revealed to be pregnant and in Central America.
# Reception.
Julie Benz says that "the pregnancy was probably the most exciting development" for the character of Darla and the actress herself. "Finding out about that was the most 'wow!' moment I had with her. We'd always joke around that maybe she would get pregnant, but it was always a joke!" | 6,125,299 |
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