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28148959 | Miroslav Moravec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miroslav%20Moravec | Miroslav Moravec
Miroslav Moravec
Miroslav Moravec (6 January 1939, in Prague – 29 March 2009, in Prague) was a Czech actor. He starred in the film "Poslední propadne peklu" under director Ludvík Ráža in 1982.
# Selected filmography.
- "One Silver Piece" (1976)
- "Poslední propadne peklu" (1982)
- "Byl jednou jeden polda" (1995) | 6,127,600 |
28148992 | Xinhai Revolution in Xinjiang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xinhai%20Revolution%20in%20Xinjiang | Xinhai Revolution in Xinjiang
Xinhai Revolution in Xinjiang
The Xinhai Revolution in Xinjiang refers to the fighting that took place in Xinjiang during the Xinhai Revolution.
# Fighting.
The last Qing dynasty governor Yuan Dahua fled and handed over his resignation to Yang Zengxin because he could not handle fighting the revolutionaries and did not want to work for the Republic of China. The Ili revolutionaries and the Gelaohui were then suppressed by Yang. Yang appointed Ma Fuxing as military commander of 2,000 Chinese Muslim troops, to crush Yang's rivals. President Yuan Shikai recognized his rule, appointing him Governor of Xinjiang.
The revolutionaries printed new multi-lingual media.
# See also.
- History of the | 6,127,601 |
28148992 | Xinhai Revolution in Xinjiang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xinhai%20Revolution%20in%20Xinjiang | Xinhai Revolution in Xinjiang
over his resignation to Yang Zengxin because he could not handle fighting the revolutionaries and did not want to work for the Republic of China. The Ili revolutionaries and the Gelaohui were then suppressed by Yang. Yang appointed Ma Fuxing as military commander of 2,000 Chinese Muslim troops, to crush Yang's rivals. President Yuan Shikai recognized his rule, appointing him Governor of Xinjiang.
The revolutionaries printed new multi-lingual media.
# See also.
- History of the Republic of China
- Military of the Republic of China
- History of China
- Xinhai Lhasa Turmoil
- National Revolutionary Army
- Kuomintang
- Taishō period
- Russian Revolution
- German Revolution of 1918–19 | 6,127,602 |
28148955 | Zdeněk Srstka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zdeněk%20Srstka | Zdeněk Srstka
Zdeněk Srstka
Zdeněk Srstka (26 September 1935, Prague – 29 July 2019) was a Czech actor, stuntman and weightlifter. He starred in the film "Poslední propadne peklu" under director Ludvík Ráža in 1982.
He competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1960 Summer Olympics with the result of ninth place. | 6,127,603 |
28148928 | Old Church of St James, Upton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old%20Church%20of%20St%20James,%20Upton | Old Church of St James, Upton
Old Church of St James, Upton
The Old St James's Church is a former church in the village of Upton, Somerset, England, of which only the tower remains, overlooking Wimbleball Lake. The tower is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. The church was declared redundant on 4 November 1971, and was vested in the Trust on 24 May 1973.
The church had a square chancel and rectangular nave, which together were long and wide.
The only parts of the 14th-century church which remain are from the lowest courses of the nave and chancel, and the tower, which has three stages and was unbuttressed, | 6,127,604 |
28148928 | Old Church of St James, Upton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old%20Church%20of%20St%20James,%20Upton | Old Church of St James, Upton
ve, which together were long and wide.
The only parts of the 14th-century church which remain are from the lowest courses of the nave and chancel, and the tower, which has three stages and was unbuttressed, however a buttress was added to the south east corner in the 19th century. The tower was made safe in 1973.
The current parish church of St James was built in 1870 to replace this church, as it was considered too far from the village.
The bells from the church have been reused elsewhere including one at the St John the Baptist in Pitney and one in Green Point, New South Wales, Australia.
# See also.
- List of churches preserved by the Churches Conservation Trust in South West England | 6,127,605 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
Thriller film
Thriller film, also known as suspense film or suspense thriller, is a broad film genre that evokes excitement and suspense in the audience. The suspense element, found in most films' plots, is particularly exploited by the filmmaker in this genre. Tension is created by delaying what the audience sees as inevitable, and is built through situations that are menacing or where escape seems impossible.
The cover-up of important information from the viewer, and fight and chase scenes are common methods. Life is typically threatened in thriller film, such as when the protagonist does not realize that they are entering a dangerous situation. Thriller films' characters conflict with each | 6,127,606 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
other or with an outside force, which can sometimes be abstract. The protagonist is usually set against a problem, such as an escape, a mission, or a mystery.
Thriller films are typically hybridized with other genres; hybrids commonly including: action thrillers, adventure thrillers, fantasy and science fiction thrillers. Thriller films also share a close relationship with horror films, both eliciting tension. In plots about crime, thriller films focus less on the criminal or the detective and more on generating suspense. Common themes include, terrorism, political conspiracy, pursuit and romantic triangles leading to murder.
In 2001, the American Film Institute made its selection of the top | 6,127,607 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
100 greatest American "heart-pounding" and "adrenaline-inducing" films of all time. The 400 nominated films had to be American-made films whose thrills have "enlivened and enriched America's film heritage". AFI also asked jurors to consider "the total adrenaline-inducing impact of a film's artistry and craft".
# History.
## 1920s–1930s.
One of the earliest thriller films was Harold Lloyd's comedy "Safety Last!" (1923), with a character performing a daredevil stunt on the side of a skyscraper. Alfred Hitchcock's first thriller was his third silent film, "" (1926), a suspenseful Jack the Ripper story. His next thriller was "Blackmail" (1929), his and Britain's first sound film. His notable | 6,127,608 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
1930s thrillers include "The Man Who Knew Too Much" (1934), "The 39 Steps" (1935) and "The Lady Vanishes" (1938), the latter two ranked among the greatest British films of the 20th century.
One of the earliest spy films was Fritz Lang's "Spies" (1928), the director's first independent production, with an anarchist international conspirator and criminal spy character named Haghi (Rudolf Klein-Rogge), who is pursued by good-guy Agent No. 326 (Willy Fritsch)—this film would be an inspiration for the future James Bond films. The German film "M" (1931), directed by Fritz Lang, starred Peter Lorre (in his first film role) as a criminal deviant who preys on children.
## 1940s–1960s.
Hitchcock continued | 6,127,609 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
his suspense-thrillers, directing "Foreign Correspondent" (1940), the Oscar-winning "Rebecca" (1940), "Suspicion" (1941), "Saboteur" (1942) and "Shadow of a Doubt" (1943), which was Hitchcock's own personal favorite. Notable non-Hitchcock films of the 1940s include "The Spiral Staircase" (1946) and "Sorry, Wrong Number" (1948).
In the late 1940s, Hitchcock added Technicolor to his thrillers, now with exotic locales. Hitchcock's first Technicolor film was "Rope" (1948). He reached the zenith of his career with a succession of classic films such as, "Strangers on a Train" (1951), "Dial M For Murder" (1954) with Ray Milland, "Rear Window" (1954) and "Vertigo" (1958). Non-Hitchcock thrillers of | 6,127,610 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
the 1950s include "The Night of the Hunter" (1955)—Charles Laughton's only film as director—and Orson Welles's crime thriller "Touch of Evil" (1958).
Director Michael Powell's "Peeping Tom" (1960) featured Carl Boehm as a psychopathic cameraman. After Hitchcock's classic films of the 1950s, he produced "Psycho" (1960) about a lonely, mother-fixated motel owner and taxidermist. J. Lee Thompson's "Cape Fear" (1962), with Robert Mitchum, had a menacing ex-con seeking revenge. A famous thriller at the time of its release was "Wait Until Dark" (1967) by director Terence Young, with Audrey Hepburn as a victimized blind woman in her Manhattan apartment.
## 1970s–1980s.
The 1970s saw an increase | 6,127,611 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
of violence in the thriller genre, beginning with Canadian director Ted Kotcheff's "Wake in Fright" (1971), which almost completely overlapped with the horror genre, and "Frenzy" (1972), Hitchcock's first British film in almost two decades, which was given an R rating for its vicious and explicit strangulation scene.
One of the first films about a fan's being disturbingly obsessed with their idol was Clint Eastwood's directorial debut, "Play Misty for Me" (1971), about a California disc jockey pursued by a disturbed female listener (Jessica Walter). John Boorman's "Deliverance" (1972) followed the perilous fate of four Southern businessmen during a weekend's trip. In Francis Ford Coppola's | 6,127,612 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
"The Conversation" (1974), a bugging-device expert (Gene Hackman) systematically uncovered a covert murder while he himself was being spied upon.
Alan Pakula's "The Parallax View" (1974) told of a conspiracy, led by the Parallax Corporation, surrounding the assassination of a presidential-candidate US Senator that was witnessed by investigative reporter Joseph Frady (Warren Beatty). Peter Hyam's science fiction thriller "Capricorn One" (1978) proposed a government conspiracy to fake the first mission to Mars.
Brian De Palma usually had themes of guilt, voyeurism, paranoia, and obsession in his films, as well as such plot elements as killing off a main character early on, switching points of | 6,127,613 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
view, and dream-like sequences. His notable films include "Sisters" (1973); "Obsession" (1976), which was slightly inspired by "Vertigo"; "Dressed to Kill" (1980); and the assassination thriller "Blow Out" (1981).
## 1990s–present.
In the early 1990s, thrillers had recurring elements of obsession and trapped protagonists who must find a way to escape the clutches of the villain—these devices influenced a number of thrillers in the following years. Rob Reiner's "Misery" (1990), based on a book by Stephen King, featured Kathy Bates as an unbalanced fan who terrorizes an incapacitated author (James Caan) who is in her care. Other films include Curtis Hanson's "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle" | 6,127,614 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
(1992) and "Unlawful Entry" (1992), starring Ray Liotta.
Detectives/FBI agents hunting down a serial killer was another popular motif in the 1990s. A famous example is Jonathan Demme's Best Picture–winning crime thriller "The Silence of the Lambs" (1991)—in which young FBI agent Clarice Starling (Jodie Foster) engages in a psychological conflict with a cannibalistic psychiatrist named Hannibal Lecter (Anthony Hopkins) while tracking down serial killer Buffalo Bill—and David Fincher's crime thriller "Seven" (1995), about the search for a serial killer who re-enacts the seven deadly sins.
Another notable example is Martin Scorsese's neo-noir psychological thriller "Shutter Island" (2010), in | 6,127,615 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
which a U.S. Marshal must investigate a psychiatric facility after one of the patients inexplicably disappears.
In recent years, thrillers have often overlapped with the horror genre, having more gore/sadistic violence, brutality, terror and frightening scenes. The recent films in which this has occurred include "Disturbia" (2007), "Eden Lake" (2008), "The Last House on the Left" (2009), "P2" (2007), "Captivity" (2007), "Vacancy" (2007), and A Quiet Place (2018). Action scenes have also gotten more elaborate in the thriller genre. Films such as "Unknown" (2011), "Hostage" (2005), and "Cellular" (2004) have crossed over into the action genre.
# Sub-genres.
The thriller film genre includes | 6,127,616 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
the following sub-genres:
- Action thriller: A subgenre of both action film and thriller in which the protagonist confronts dangerous adversaries, obstacles, or situations which he/she must conquer, normally in an action setting. Action thrillers usually feature a race against the clock, weapons and explosions, frequent violence, and a clear antagonist. Examples include "Dirty Harry", "Taken", "The Fugitive", "Snakes on a Plane", "Speed", "The Dark Knight", "Casino Royale", "The Hurt Locker", "The Terminator", "Battle Royale", the "Die Hard" series, and the "Bourne" series.
- Comedy thriller: A genre that combines elements of humor with suspense. Such films include "Silver Streak", "Dr. Strangelove", | 6,127,617 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
"Charade", "Kiss Kiss Bang Bang", "In Bruges", "Mr. and Mrs. Smith", "Grosse Point Blank", "The Thin Man", "The Big Fix", and "The Lady Vanishes".
- Conspiracy thriller: A genre in which the hero/heroine confronts a large, powerful group of enemies whose true extent only s/he recognizes. "The Chancellor Manuscript" and "The Aquitaine Progression" by Robert Ludlum fall into this category, as do films such as "Awake", "Snake Eyes", "The Da Vinci Code", "Edge of Darkness", "Absolute Power", "Marathon Man", "In the Line of Fire", "Capricorn One", and "JFK".
- Crime thriller: This genre is a hybrid type of both crime films and thrillers, which offers a suspenseful account of a successful or failed | 6,127,618 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
crime or crimes. Such films often focus on the criminal(s) rather than a policeman. Central topics include serial killers/murders, robberies, chases, shootouts, heists, and double-crosses. Some examples of crime thrillers involving murderers are "Seven", "No Country for Old Men", "Heat", "New Jack City", ", "Untraceable", "Mindhunters", "Kiss the Girls", "Along Came a Spider", "Collateral", and "Copycat". Examples of crime thrillers involving heists or robberies are "The Asphalt Jungle", "The Score", "Rififi", "Entrapment", "Heat", and "The Killing".
- Erotic thriller: A type of thriller that has an emphasis on eroticism and where a sexual relationship plays an important role in the plot. It | 6,127,619 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
has become popular since the 1980s and the rise of VCR market penetration. The genre includes such films as "Sea of Love", "Basic Instinct", "Chloe", "Color of Night", "Dressed to Kill", "Eyes Wide Shut", "In the Cut", "Lust, Caution", and "Single White Female".
- Giallo: An Italian thriller film that contains elements of mystery, crime fiction, slasher, psychological thriller, and psychological horror. It deals with an unknown killer murdering people, with the main protagonist having to find out who the killer is. The genre was popular during the late 1960s-late 1970s and is still being produced today, albeit less commonly. Examples include "The Girl Who Knew Too Much", "Blood and Black Lace", | 6,127,620 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
"Deep Red", "The Red Queen Kills Seven Times", "Don't Torture a Duckling", "Tenebrae", "Opera ", and "Sleepless".
- Legal thriller: A suspense film in which the major characters are lawyers and their employees. The system of justice itself is always a major part of these works, at times almost functioning as one of the characters. Examples include "The Pelican Brief", "Presumed Innocent", "The Jury", "The Client", "The Lincoln Lawyer", "Hostile Witness", and "Silent Witness".
- Political thriller: A type of film in which the hero/heroine must ensure the stability of the government. The success of "Seven Days in May" (1962) by Fletcher Knebel, "The Day of the Jackal" (1971) by Frederick Forsyth, | 6,127,621 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
and "The Manchurian Candidate" (1959) by Richard Condon established this subgenre. Other examples include "Topaz", "Notorious", "The Man Who Knew Too Much", "The Interpreter", "Proof of Life", "State of Play", and "The Ghost Writer."
- Psychological thriller: In this type of film (until the often violent resolution), the conflict between the main characters is mental and emotional rather than physical. Characters, either by accident or their own curiousness, are dragged into a dangerous conflict or situation that they are not prepared to resolve. To overcome their brutish enemies characters are reliant not on physical strength but on their mental resources. This subgenre usually has elements | 6,127,622 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
of drama, as there is an in-depth development of realistic characters who must deal with emotional struggles. The Alfred Hitchcock films "Suspicion", "Shadow of a Doubt", and "Strangers on a Train", as well as David Lynch's bizarre and influential "Blue Velvet", are notable examples of the type, as are "The Talented Mr. Ripley", "The Machinist", "Flightplan", "Shutter Island", "Secret Window", "Identity", "Gone Girl", "Red Eye", "Phone Booth", "Fatal Attraction", "The River Wild", "Panic Room", "Misery", "Cape Fear", and "Funny Games."
- Social thriller: A type of thriller that uses suspense to augment attention to abuses of power and instances of oppression in society. This new subgenre gained | 6,127,623 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
notoriety in 2017 with the release of "Get Out". Other examples include, "The Tall Man", "Dirty Pretty Things" and "The Constant Gardner".
- Spy film: A film in which the protagonist is generally a government agent who must take violent action against agents of a rival government or (in recent years) terrorists. The subgenre often deals with the subject of espionage in a realistic way (as in the adaptations of John Le Carré's novels). It is a significant aspect of British cinema, with leading British directors such as Alfred Hitchcock and Carol Reed making notable contributions, and many films set in the British Secret Service. Thrillers within this subgenre include "Spy Game", "Hanna", "Traitor", | 6,127,624 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy", "The Tourist", "The Parallax View", "The Tailor of Panama", "", "Unknown", "The Recruit", the James Bond franchise, "The Debt", "The Good Shepherd", and "Three Days of the Condor".
- Supernatural thriller: Films that include an otherworldly element (such as fantasy or the supernatural) mixed with tension, suspense, or plot twists. Sometimes the protagonist or villain has some psychic ability and superpowers. Examples include "Fallen", "Frequency", "In Dreams", "Flatliners", "Jacob's Ladder", "The Skeleton Key", "What Lies Beneath", "Unbreakable", "The Sixth Sense", "The Gift", "The Dead Zone", and "Horns".
- Techno-thriller: A suspenseful film in which the manipulation | 6,127,625 |
28148882 | Thriller film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thriller%20film | Thriller film
rldly element (such as fantasy or the supernatural) mixed with tension, suspense, or plot twists. Sometimes the protagonist or villain has some psychic ability and superpowers. Examples include "Fallen", "Frequency", "In Dreams", "Flatliners", "Jacob's Ladder", "The Skeleton Key", "What Lies Beneath", "Unbreakable", "The Sixth Sense", "The Gift", "The Dead Zone", and "Horns".
- Techno-thriller: A suspenseful film in which the manipulation of sophisticated technology plays a prominent part. Examples include "The Thirteenth Floor", "I, Robot", "Source Code", "Eagle Eye", "Supernova", "Hackers", "The Net", "Futureworld", "eXistenZ", and "Virtuosity".
# See also.
- AFI's 100 Years…100 Thrills | 6,127,626 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
Kumul Rebellion
The Kumul Rebellion ("Hāmì bàodòng", "Hami Uprising") was a rebellion of Kumulik Uyghurs from 1931 to 1934 who conspired with Hui Chinese Muslim Gen. Ma Zhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, governor of Xinjiang. The Kumul Uyghurs were loyalists of the Kumul Khanate and wanted to restore the heir to the Khanate and overthrow Jin. The Kuomintang wanted Jin removed because of his ties to the Soviet Union, so it approved of the operation while pretending to acknowledge Jin as governor. The rebellion then catapulted into large-scale fighting as Khotanlik Uyghur rebels in southern Xinjiang started a separate rebellion for independence in collusion with Kirghiz rebels. Various groups | 6,127,627 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
rebelled, and were not united (some even fought each other). The main part of the war was waged by Ma Zhongying against the Xinjiang government. He was supported by Chiang Kai-shek, the Premier of China, who secretly agreed to let Ma seize Xinjiang.
# Background.
Gov. Jin Shuren (Chin Shu-jen) came to power shortly after the assassination of Xinjiang (Sinkiang) Gov. Yang Zengxin (Yang Tseng-sin) in 1928. Jin was notoriously intolerant of Turkic peoples and openly antagonized them. Such acts of discrimination included restrictions on travel, increased taxation, seizure of property without due process and frequent executions for suspected espionage or disloyalty. Jin had Chinese Muslims in his | 6,127,628 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
provincial army like Ma Shaowu.
In 1930 Jin annexed the Kumul Khanate, a small semi-autonomous state lying within the borders of Xinjiang. The newly subjected Kumulliks' land was expropriated by the government and given to Chinese settlers. As a result, rebellion broke out on February 20, 1931, and many Chinese were massacred by the local population. The uprising threatened to spread throughout the entire province. Yulbars Khan, advisor at the Kumul court, appealed for help to Ma Zhongying, a Muslim warlord in Gansu Province, to overthrow Jin and restore the Khanate.
Ma's troops marched to Kumul and laid siege to government forces there. Although he was victorious elsewhere in the area, Ma | 6,127,629 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
was unable to capture the city. After being wounded that October in a battle in which Jin's force included 250 White Russian troops whom he had recruited from the Ili valley (where they had settled after the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War), Ma withdrew his forces to Gansu (where he was nursed by Mildred Cable and the sisters Francesca and Eva French, whom he kept captive until he had recovered). This would temporarily leave the Xinjiang Muslims to fight Jin alone.
Ma Zhongying had a secret agreement with the Kuomintang—if he won Xinjiang, he would be recognized by the Kuomintang.
Ma's forces committed atrocities against both Han and Uyghur civilians in Xinjiang during the fighting. | 6,127,630 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
He conscripted Han and Uyghurs into his army to use as cannon fodder, while all the officers were Hui. The Soviet Union and Sheng Shicai claimed that Ma Zhongying was being supported by the Japanese and also claimed to have captured Japanese officers serving with his army. Despite this, Ma officially proclaimed his allegiance to the Chinese government in Nanjing.
Some scholars describe a Han officer forcing a Uyghur woman to submit to marrying him as the event that triggered the rebellion.
# Soviet aid to Xinjiang Provincial Government.
Jin bought two biplanes from the Soviet Union in September 1931 at 40,000 Mexican silver dollars each. They were equipped with machine guns and bombs and | 6,127,631 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
flown by Russian pilots. He signed a secret treaty with the Soviet Union in October 1931 that quickly led to suppression of the Kumul Rebellion and the deblockading of Kumul by provincial troops on November 30, 1931. Jin Shuren received large gold credits from the Soviet government for acquiring arms and weapons from the Soviet army and opening Soviet trade agencies in eight provincial towns: Ghulja, Chuguchak, Altai, Urumqi, Karashahr, Kucha, Aksu, Kashgar, Yarkand, Khotan. The Kuomintang found out about this the following year and decided to openly back Ma Zhongying in his war against Jin Shuren.
Ma was officially appointed Commanding Officer of the 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) | 6,127,632 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
by the Kuomintang government in Nanjing. Asked to intervene against Jin on behalf of the Turkic population, Ma readily agreed.
# Separate Uyghur uprising.
A separate Uyghur uprising at Khotan in southern Xinjiang broke out. These Uyghurs were not like the Kumul Uyghurs, who only wanted the Kumul Khanate restored and Jin Shuren to be overthrown. They were led by Muhammad Amin Bughra and his brothers Abdullah Bughra and Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra. These rebels wanted total independence and hated both Han Chinese and Chinese Muslims. Their leader, Sabit Damulla Abdulbaki, called for the expulsion of Chinese Muslims (Tungans) in a proclamation:
The Tungans, more than Han, are the enemy of our people. | 6,127,633 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
Today our people are already free from the oppression of the Han, but still continue live under Tungan subjugation. We must still fear the Han, but cannot not fear the Tungans also. The reason, we must be careful to guard against the Tungans, we must intensively oppose them, cannot afford to be polite, since the Tungans have compelled us to follow this way. Yellow Han people have not the slightest thing to do with Eastern Turkestan. Black Tungans also do not have this connection. Eastern Turkestan belongs to the people of Eastern Turkestan. There is no need for foreigners to come be our fathers and mothers...From now on we do not need to use foreigner's language or their names, their customs, | 6,127,634 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
habits, attitudes, written languages and etc. We must also overthrow and drive foreigners from our boundaries forever. The colours yellow and black are foul...They have dirtied our Land for too long. So now it's absolutely necessary to clean out this filth. Take down the yellow and black barbarians! Live long Eastern Turkestan!
This rebellion became entangled with the Kumul rebellion, when a Chinese Muslim and Uyghur army under Ma Zhancang and Timur Beg marched on Kashgar against the Chinese Muslim Daotai Ma Shaowu and his garrison of Han Chinese troops. Ma Shaowu began to panic and started raising Kirghiz levies under Osman Ali to defend the city. The Kirghiz were not amused at how their rebellion | 6,127,635 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
was crushed the previous year by Ma Shaowu, and now he wanted them to defend the city. They defected en masse to the enemy. However, Ma Zhancang also entered into secret negotiations with Ma Shaowu; he and his troops soon defected to the Han Chinese garrison in the city.
During the Battle of Kashgar (1933) the city changed hands multiple times as the confused factions battled each other. The Kirghiz began to murder any Han Chinese and Chinese Muslim they could get their hands on, and fighting broke out in the streets. Timur Beg became sympathetic to the pro-independence rebels of Muhammad Amin Bughra and Sabit Damulla Abdulbaki, while Ma Zhancang proclaimed his allegiance to the Chinese Kuomintang | 6,127,636 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
government and notified everyone that all former Chinese officials would keep their posts.
Ma Zhancang arranged for Timur Beg to be killed and beheaded on August 9, 1933, displaying his head outside of Id Kah Mosque.
# Christians and Hindus.
The Bughras applied Shariah law while ejecting Khotan-based Swedish missionaries. They demanded the withdrawal of the Swedish missionaries while enacting Shariah on March 16. 1933. In the name of Islam, Uyghur leader Amir Abdullah Bughra violently assaulted the Yarkand-based Swedish missionaries and would have executed them; however, they were only banished due to the British Aqsaqal's intercession in their favor. There were beheadings and executions | 6,127,637 |
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of Muslims who had converted to Christianity at the hands of the Amir's followers.
Several hundred Uighur Muslims had been converted to Christianity by the Swedes. Imprisonment and execution were inflicted on Uighur Christian converts and, after refusing to give up his Christian religion, they executed the convert Uighur Habil in 1933. The East Turkestan Republic banished the Swedish missionaries and tortured and jailed Christian converts, mainly Kirghiz and Uighurs. The openly Islamic East Turkestan Republic forcibly ejected the Swedish missionaries and was openly hostile to Christianity while espousing a Muslim Turkic ideology. The East Turkestan Republic subjected former Muslim Christian | 6,127,638 |
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converts like Joseph Johannes Khan to jail, torture and abuse after he refused to give up Christianity in favor of Islam. After the British intervened to free Khan he was forced to leave his land and in November 1933 he came to Peshawar.
The Swedish Mission Society ran a printing operation. "Life of East Turkestan" was the state-run media of the rebels. The Bughra lead government used the Swedish Mission Press to print and distribute the media.
The killings of two Hindus at the hands of Uighurs took place in Shamba Bazaar. Plundering of the valuables of slaughtered British Indian Hindus happened in Posgam on March 25 and on the previous day in Karghalik at the hands of Uighurs. Killings of | 6,127,639 |
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Hindus took place in Khotan at the hands of the Bughra Amirs. Antagonism against both the British and Hindus ran high among the Muslim Turkic Uyghur rebels in Xinjiang's southern area. Muslims plundered the possessions in Karghalik of Rai Sahib Dip Chand, who was the aksakal of Britain, and his fellow Hindus on March 24m 1933, and in Keryia they slaughtered British Indian Hindus. Sind's Shikarpur district was the origin of the Hindu diaspora there. The slaughter of the Hindus from British India was called the "Karghalik Outrage". The Muslims had killed nine of them. The forced removal of the Swedes was accompanied by the slaughter of Hindus in Khotan by the Islamic Turkic rebels. The Emirs of | 6,127,640 |
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Khotan killed the Hindus as they forced the Swedes out and declared Shariah in Khotan on March 16, 1933.
# Mass Defections.
Mass defections occurred on all three sides during the rebellion. Ma Zhancang and his Chinese Muslim army were originally allied to Timur Beg and his Uyghur army while marching on Kashgar. Zhancang and his army, however, defected to Muslim commander Ma Shaowu and his Han army and fought against Timur Beg and the Uyghurs. The Kyrgyz levies under Osman Ali were originally allied to Chinese Muslim commander Ma Shaowu and his Han army, but they defected to Timur Beg's Uyghurs at the same time Ma Zhancang defected to Ma Shaowu. Han Gen. Zhang Peiyuan and his Han Xhinese Ili | 6,127,641 |
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army originally fought for the provincial government under Jin Shuren against Ma Zhongying. However, Zhang Peiyuan and his Han army defected to Ma Zhongying and his Muslim army in 1933 and joined him in fighting the provincial government under Sheng Shicai and the Soviets and White Russians. Khoja Niyaz and his Kumulik Uyghur army defected from Ma Zhongying's side to the provincial government and the Soviets and received weapons from the Soviets.
# Ma Zhongying returns.
Ma Zhongying returned to Xinjiang in 1933 to continue the war.
Ma used Kuomintang Blue Sky with a White Sun banners in his army and Kuomintang Blue Sky with a White Sun armbands. He himself wore a Kuomintang armband and a | 6,127,642 |
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36th Division uniform to show that he was the legitimate representative of the Chinese government.
Due to his severe abuse and brutality, both the Turkic (Uyghurs) and Han Chinese hated the Hui officer who was in charge of Barkul—Ma Ying-piao, whom Ma Zhongying had put in place.
Kumul was easily taken, as were other towns en route to the provincial capital. Sheng Shicai's forces retreated to Urumchi. Ground was alternately gained and lost by both sides. During this time Ma's forces became notorious for their cruelty to both Turkic and Chinese inhabitants, destroying the economy and engaging in wholesale looting and burning of villages. Once seen as a liberator by the Turkic population, which | 6,127,643 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
had suffered greatly under Jin Shuren, many Turkic inhabitants of the region now ardently hoped for Ma's expulsion by Sheng Shicai and an end to the seesaw military campaigns by both sides. Ma also forcibly conscripted Uyghurs into his army, turning them into infantry while only Chinese Muslims were allowed to be officers. This led to outrage among the Uyghurs at Kumul. Meanwhile, the Han Chinese commander of Ili, Zhang Peiyuan, entered into secret negotiations with Ma Zhongying, and the two joined their armies together against Jin Shuren and the Russians.
Huang Mu-sung, native of Kumul and a "Pacification Commissioner" from the Kuomintang government, soon arrived in Urumchi on an ostensible | 6,127,644 |
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peace mission. Sheng Shicai suspected him of conspiring with some of his opponents to overthrow him. He turned out to be correct, since the Kuomintang secretly ordered Ma Zhongying and Zhang Peiyuan to attack Sheng's regime in Urumchi. As a result, he executed three leaders of the provincial government, accusing them of plotting his overthrow with Huang. At the same time Sheng Shicai also forced Huang to wire Nanjing with a recommendation that he be recognized as the official Tupan of Xinjiang.
Chiang Kai-shek sent Luo Wen'gan to Xinjiang, Luo met with Ma Zhongying and Zhang Peiyuan and urged them to destroy Sheng.
Ma Zhongying and Zhang Peiyuan then began a joint attack on Sheng's Manchurian | 6,127,645 |
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and White Russian force during the Second Battle of Urumqi (1933–34). Zhang seized the road between Tacheng and the capital. Sheng Shicai commanded Manchurian and White Russian troops commanded by Col. Pappengut.
Ma and Zhang's Han Chinese and Chinese Muslim forces were on the verge of defeating Sheng when he requested help from the Soviet Union. This led to the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang and Ma Zhongying's retreat after the Battle of Tutung. Kamal Kaya Efendi, a former Ottoman Turkish military officer who was Ma Zhongying's chief of staff, was captured by Soviet agents in Kumul in 1934, but instead of being executed he was made Commissar for Road Construction in Xinjiang, possibly because | 6,127,646 |
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he was a Soviet agent himself.
In January 1934 Soviet troops crossed the border and attacked rebel positions in the Ili area in the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang. Zhang Peiyuan's forces were defeated and he committed suicide. Despite valiant resistance, Ma Zhongying's troops were forced to retreat from the Soviet military machine's aerial bombing and were pushed back from Urumchi during the Battle of Tutung. Soviet assistance resulted in a rare White Russian and Soviet temporary military alliance against Ma. Ma wiped out a Soviet armored car column at the Battle of Dawan Cheng.
Ma's retreating forces began advancing down to southern Xinjiang to destroy the First East Turkestan Republic. He sent | 6,127,647 |
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out an advance guard under Ma Fuyuan to attack the Khotanlik Uyghurs and Kirghiz at Kashgar. At this point Chiang Kai-shek was ready to send Huang Shaohong and his expeditionary force of 15,000 troops to assist Ma Zhongying against Sheng, but when Chiang heard about the Soviet invasion he decided to withdraw to avoid an international incident if his troops directly engaged the Soviets.
Georg Vasel, a German Nazi agent, was told, "Must I tell him that I am a Russian? You know how the Tungans hate the Russians." by his driver, a White Russian when meeting Ma Zhongying.
# Destruction of the First East Turkestan Republic.
The Khotanlik Uyghurs and Kirghiz had conspired to form an independent | 6,127,648 |
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regime.
On February 20, 1933, the Committee for National Revolution set up a provisional Khotan government with Sabit as prime minister and Muhammad Amin Bughra as head of the armed forces. It favored the establishment of an Islamic theocracy.
Afghan King Mohammad Zahir Shah provided weapons and support to the East Turkestan Republic. Sheng Shicai and the Soviet Union accused Ma Zhongying, a Muslim and ardently anti-Soviet, of being used by the Japanese to set up a puppet regime in Xinjiang, as they had done with Manchukuo. Sheng claimed that he captured two Japanese officers on Ma's staff. However, not a single claim of Sheng's could be proven, and he did not provide any evidence for his | 6,127,649 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
allegations that Ma was colluding with the Japanese. Ma Zhongying publicly declared his allegiance to the Kuomintang at Nanjing. Ma himself was given permission by the Kuomintang to invade Xinjiang.
Western traveler Peter Fleming speculated that the Soviet Union was not in Xinjiang to keep out the Japanese but to create their own sphere of influence.
The Chinese Muslim forces retreating from the north linked up with Ma Zhancang's forces in Kashgar, allied themselves with the Kuomintang in Nanjing and attacked the TIRET, forcing Niyaz, Sabit Damolla and the rest of the government to flee on February 6, 1934, to Yengi Hissar, south of the city. The Hui army crushed the Uighur and Kirghiz armies | 6,127,650 |
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of the East Turkestan Republic at the Battle of Kashgar (1934), Battle of Yarkand and Battle of Yangi Hissar.
# Japanese attempt to set up a puppet state.
The Japanese invited an Ottoman prince, Abdulkerim, and several anti-Atatürk Young Turk exiles from Turkey to assist them in setting up a puppet state in Xinjiang with the Ottoman Prince as Sultan. All of the Turkish exiles were enemies of Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Mustafa Ali, the Turkish advisor to the Uyghurs in the First East Turkestan Republic, was anti-Atatürk. Muhsin Çapanolu was also anti-Atatürk, and they both had Pan-Turanist views. Mahmud Nadim Bey, another of their colleagues, was also an advisor to the Uyghur separatists.
The | 6,127,651 |
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Turkish government under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk reacted angrily at this plot and the Turkish embassy in Japan denounced the Japanese plan to create a puppet state, labeling it a "Muslim Manchukuo". Atatürk was not interested in Pan-Turanism due to the numerous problems the young Turkish Republic was dealing with and did not want the Ottoman royal family to try to create a new monarchist state to undermine the Republic of Turkey.
TASS claimed the Uyghur Sabit Damulla invited "Turkish emigrants in India and Japan, with their anti-Kemalist organizations, to organize his military forces."
Both Turkey and the United Kingdom provided no backing or assistance to the East Turkestan Republic.
# Legacy.
The | 6,127,652 |
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designated terrorist organization Turkistan Islamic Party's magazine "Islamic Turkistan" Arabic: (تركستان الإسلامية) Uyghur: (ئىسلامى تۈركىستان) Issue #12 included a photo of the founders of the First East Turkestan Republic including Sabit Damulla Abdulbaki which was titled "Men who marked history in their blood" (رجال سطروا التاريخ بدمائهم) (1933–1352) featuring the caption "Founders of an independent islamic state in the Hijri year 1352 in East Turkestan" (مؤسسوا دولة إسلامية مستقلة عام 1352هـ في تركستان الشرقية).
# Major battles.
## Kizil massacre.
Uighur and Kirghiz Turkic fighters broke their agreement not to attack a column of retreating Han Chinese and Chinese Muslim soldiers from | 6,127,653 |
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Yarkand New City. The Turkic Muslim fighters massacred 800 Chinese Muslims and Chinese civilians.
## Battle of Aksu.
A minor battle in which Chinese Muslim troops were expelled from the Aksu oases of Xinjiang by Uighurs led by Isma'il Beg when they rose up in revolt.
## Battle of Sekes Tash.
A minor battle in which Chinese Muslim troops under Gen. Ma Zhancang attacked and defeated Uighur and Kirghiz armies at Sekes Tesh. About 200 Uighur and Kirghiz were killed.
## Battle of Kashgar.
Uighur and Kirghiz forces, led by the Bughra brothers and Tawfiq Bay, attempted to take the New City of Kashgar from Chinese Muslim troops under Gen. Ma Zhancang. They were defeated. Tawfiq Bey, a Syrian Arab | 6,127,654 |
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traveler who held the title "Sayyid" (descendant of prophet Muhammed) and arrived at Kashgar on August 26, 1933, was shot in the stomach by Chinese Muslim troops in September. Previously Ma Zhancang arranged to have the Uighur leader Timur Beg killed and beheaded on August 9, 1933, displaying his head outside of Id Kah Mosque.
Han Chinese troops commanded by Brig. Yang were absorbed into Ma Zhancang's army. A number of Han Chinese officers were spotted wearing the green uniforms of Ma Zhancang's unit of the 36th Division; presumably they had converted to Islam.
During the battle the Kirghiz prevented the Uighur from looting the city, mainly because they wanted to loot it themselves. They stole | 6,127,655 |
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the belongings of, and started murdering, the Chinese's concubines and spouses, who were women of Turkic origin and Han and Hui Chinese people themselves.
## First Battle of Urumqi (1933).
Chinese Muslim and Uyghur forces under Ma Shih-ming and Khoja Niyas attempted to take Urumqi from a force of provincial White Russian troops under Col. Pappengut and the Northeast Salvation Army under Sheng Shicai. They were driven back after fierce fighting. During the battle, Han Chinese Gen. Zhang Peiyuan, of Ili, refused to help Jin Shuren repulse the attack, a sign that relations between the two were becoming strained.
## Battle of Toksun.
The Battle of Toksun occurred in July 1933 after Khoja Niyas | 6,127,656 |
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Hajji, a Uighur leader, defected with his forces to Gov. Sheng Shicai. He was appointed by Shicai through agreement to be "in charge" for the whole Southern Xinjiang (Tarim Basin) and also Turpan Basin; satisfied with this agreement, he marched away from Urumchi south across Dawan Ch'eng of Tengritagh Mountains and occupied Toksun in Turpan Basin, but was badly defeated by the Chinese Muslim forces of Gen. Ma Shih-ming, who forced him to retreat to Karashar in eastern Kashgaria, where he had his headquarters during July, August and September 1933, defending mountain passes and roads that led from Turpan Basin to Kashgaria in a fruitless attempt to stop the advancement of Tungan armies to the | 6,127,657 |
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south.
## Second Battle of Urumqi (1933–34).
Ma Zhongying conducted secret negotiations with Han Chinese Gen. Zhang Peiyuan for a joint attack against Sheng Shicai's provincial Manchurian and White Russian troops in Urumqi. They joined their armies together and began the attack. Zhang seized the road between Tacheng and the capital. The Kuomintang secretly encouraged Zhang and Ma through Huang Mu-sung to attack Sheng's forces, because of his Soviet connections and to regain the province. Their forces almost defeated Sheng, but then Sheng cabled the Soviet Union for help, which led to the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang.
## Battle of Kashgar.
36th Division Gen. Ma Fuyuan led a Chinese Muslim | 6,127,658 |
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army to storm Kashgar on February 6, 1934, and attacked the Uighur and Kirghiz rebels of the First East Turkestan Republic. He freed another 36th Division general, Ma Zhancang, who had been trapped with his Chinese Muslim and Han Chinese troops in Kashgar New City by the Uighurs and Kirghizs since May 22, 1933. In January 1934 Ma Zhancang's Chinese Muslim troops repulsed six Uighur attacks launched by Khoja Niyaz, who arrived at the city on January 13, 1934; the failed attacks resulted in massive casualties to the Uighur forces. From 2,000-8,000 Uighur civilians in Kashgar Old City were massacred by Tungans in February 1934, in revenge for the Kizil massacre, after the retreat of Uighur forces | 6,127,659 |
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from the city to Yengi Hisar. The Chinese Muslim and 36th Division Chief Gen. Ma Zhongying, who arrived at Kashgar on April 7, 1934, gave a speech at Idgah mosque in April, reminding the Uighurs to be loyal to the Republic of China government at Nanjing. Several British citizens at the British consulate were killed by 36th Division troops. Ma Zhongying effectively destroyed the First East Turkestan Republic (TIRET).
## Battle of Yangi Hissar.
Ma Zhancang led the 36th Division to attack Uyghur forces at Yangi Hissar, wiping out the entire force and killing their leader, Emir Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra. The siege of Yangi Hissar citadel continued for about a week, during which 500 Uyghur defenders, | 6,127,660 |
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armed only with rifles, inflicted several hundred casualties on Tungan forces more heavily armed with cannons and machine guns. Quickly depleted of ammunition, Uyghur defenders employed tree trunks, large stones and oil fire bombs to defend the citadel. On April 16, 1934, Tungans managed to breach the walls of the citadel by successful sapping and put all the surviving defenders to the sword. It was reported by Ahmad Kamal in his book "Land Without Laughter" on page 130-131, that Nur Ahmad Jan's head was cut off by Chinese Muslim troops and sent to the local parade ground to be used as a ball in soccer (football) games.
## Battle of Yarkand.
Ma Zhancang and Ma Fuyuan's Chinese Muslim troops | 6,127,661 |
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defeated Uighur and Afghan volunteers sent by Afghan King Mohammed Zahir Shah and exterminated them all. The emir Abdullah Bughra was killed and beheaded, his head put on display at Idgah mosque.
## Charkhlik Revolt.
The 36th Division under Gen. Ma Hushan crushed a revolt by Uighurs in the Charkliq oasis in 1935. More than 100 Uighurs were executed, and the family of the Uighur leader was taken as hostage.
# Misinformation.
Some misinformation had been spread by contemporaneous accounts of the Kumul Rebellion. Swiss writer Ella K. Maillart reported, inaccurately, that the Kizil massacre was an attack of Chinese Muslims and Uyghurs on a group of Kirghiz and Han Chinese. More recent sources | 6,127,662 |
28148809 | Kumul Rebellion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumul%20Rebellion | Kumul Rebellion
of Chinese Muslims and Uyghurs on a group of Kirghiz and Han Chinese. More recent sources prove that it was an attack of Kirghiz and Uyghurs on a group of Han Chinese and Chinese Muslims. She also falsely reported that during the battle of Kashgar the Chinese Muslim and Turkic (Uyghur) troops first took the city from the Han Chinese and Kirghiz and then fought among themselves. In reality, the Kirghiz defected from Ma Shaowu and formed their own army, and the Chinese Muslim force under Ma Zhancang joined Ma Shaowu.
# See also.
- Amur Military Flotilla
- Manchouli Incident
- Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
- Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang
- Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)
- Ili Rebellion | 6,127,663 |
28148993 | Jiří Strach | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jiří%20Strach | Jiří Strach
Jiří Strach
Jiří Strach (born 29 September 1973 in Prague) is a Czech film director and actor. He directed the film "Operace Silver A" in 2007. | 6,127,664 |
28149006 | Unión Nacional de Trabajadores | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unión%20Nacional%20de%20Trabajadores | Unión Nacional de Trabajadores
Unión Nacional de Trabajadores
Unión Nacional de Trabajadores (Spanish for "National Union of Workers", UNT) may refer to:
- Unión Nacional de Trabajadores de Chile
- Unión Nacional de Trabajadores de España
- Unión Nacional de Trabajadores de México
- Unión Nacional de Trabajadores de Venezuela | 6,127,665 |
28149001 | Jiří Dvořák | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jiří%20Dvořák | Jiří Dvořák
Jiří Dvořák
Jiří Dvořák (born 4 February 1967 in Brno) is a Czech actor. He starred in the film "Operace Silver A" under director Jiří Strach in 2007.
# Dubbing Works.
## Films.
- (2010) "Red Dragon" (Francis Dolarhyde) (Ralph Fiennes)
- (2010) "Clash of the Titans" (Hádes) (Ralph Fiennes)
- (2010) "Sunshine" (Ignatz Sonnenschein / Adam Sors / Ivan Sors) (Ralph Fiennes)
- (2006) "Hamlet" (Hamlet) (Mel Gibson)
## TV shows.
- "The Game of Thrones" (Tyrion Lannister)
- "Rome" (Titus Pollo)
- "ER" (Luka Kovač)
- "" (Nick Stokes)
- "Dead Zone" (Johnny Smith)
- "Sliders" (Quinn Mallory)
- "" - (Johnatan Archer) (Series 1 and 2
# External links.
- Czech Dubbing forum | 6,127,666 |
28149017 | Matěj Hádek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matěj%20Hádek | Matěj Hádek
Matěj Hádek
Matěj Hádek (born 29 November 1975 in Prague) is a Czech actor. He starred in the film "Operace Silver A" under director Jiří Strach in 2007. His brother Kryštof Hádek is also an actor. | 6,127,667 |
28149007 | David Švehlík | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Švehlík | David Švehlík
David Švehlík
David Švehlík (born 6 April 1972 in Liberec) is a Czech actor.
He starred in many Czech movies (including "Operace Silver A" under director Jiří Strach in 2007) and TV series ("Kriminálka Anděl" etc.)
His father Alois Švehlík is also an actor. | 6,127,668 |
28149021 | Marek Taclík | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marek%20Taclík | Marek Taclík
Marek Taclík
Marek Taclík (born 9 May 1973 in Ústí nad Labem) is a Czech actor. He starred in the film "Operace Silver A" under director Jirí Strach in 2007.
# Selected filmography.
- "One Hand Can't Clap" (2003)
- "Grandhotel" (2006)
- "Operace Silver A" (2007)
- "In the Shadow" (2012)
- "Lost in Munich" (2015) | 6,127,669 |
28149012 | National Conference of University Professors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Conference%20of%20University%20Professors | National Conference of University Professors
National Conference of University Professors
The National Conference of University Professors (NCUP) is an organisation for university professors in the United Kingdom. The present Patron is Pauline Perry, Baroness Perry of Southwark.
NCUP was founded in 1989 by a group of university professors. It is a non-political organisation that aims to promote beneficial developments across United Kingdom universities. Members come from all academic disciplines. According to the membership criteria: 'Full membership is open to all who hold, or have held, the title of Professor, Visiting Professor or Honorary Professor within a recognised University in the United Kingdom for a minimum of one year. It | 6,127,670 |
28149012 | National Conference of University Professors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Conference%20of%20University%20Professors | National Conference of University Professors
gnised University in the United Kingdom for a minimum of one year. It is also open to Professors of a recognised University from overseas, who are now permanently resident in UK.' and 'Applicants eligible to apply for Associate Membership of NCUP (ANCUP) include: 1.All Associate Professors, Readers and Principal and Senior Lecturers of a recognised UK University; 2. Other academics who consider themselves to be of equal standing to any of those above.'
The current president is Terence Davis OBE who replaced Margaret Cox OBE
# Publications.
NCUP (2018) "The Role of the Professoriate"
# See also.
- American Association of University Professors (AAUP)
# External links.
- Official website | 6,127,671 |
28149032 | Jan Vondráček | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jan%20Vondráček | Jan Vondráček
Jan Vondráček
Jan Vondráček (born 16 August 1966 in Prague) is a Czech actor. He starred in the film "Operace Silver A" under director Jiří Strach in 2007. | 6,127,672 |
28148994 | John Edelsten | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Edelsten | John Edelsten
John Edelsten
Admiral Sir John Hereward Edelsten (12 May 1891 – 10 February 1966) was a senior Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth.
# Naval career.
Edelsten joined the Royal Navy in 1908. He served in World War I and then became Deputy Director of Plans in 1938.
He also served in World War II initially as Senior Naval Officer during operations against Italian Somaliland before becoming Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Station in 1941. He was made Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (U-boat Warfare and Trade) in 1942 and Rear Admiral (Destroyers) for the British Pacific Fleet in 1945.
After the War he commanded 1st Battle Squadron and | 6,127,673 |
28148994 | John Edelsten | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Edelsten | John Edelsten
ade Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (U-boat Warfare and Trade) in 1942 and Rear Admiral (Destroyers) for the British Pacific Fleet in 1945.
After the War he commanded 1st Battle Squadron and then 4th Cruiser Squadron before becoming Vice Chief of the Naval Staff in 1947. He was made Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet in 1950; this post was dual hatted from 1952 as NATO Commander Allied Forces Mediterranean.
In this capacity he conducted a two-day visit to Israel. His last post was as Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth and NATO Allied Naval Commander-in-Chief, Channel Command in 1952; he retired in 1954.
He was also First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp to the Queen from 1953 to 1954. | 6,127,674 |
28149026 | Viktor Preiss | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Preiss | Viktor Preiss
Viktor Preiss
Viktor Preiss (born 13 March 1947 in Prague) is a Czech actor. He popularly known for his roles in "Hospital at the End of the City" or "Give the Devil His Due". He starred in dozens of Czech films and television programs, including the film "Operace Silver A" under director Jiří Strach in 2007.
# Selected filmography.
- "Lovers in the Year One" (1973)
- "Hospital at the End of the City" (1978, TV)
- "Give the Devil His Due" (1985)
- "The Territory of White Deer" (1991, TV)
- "Dark Blue World" (2001)
- "Operace Silver A" (2007) | 6,127,675 |
28149054 | Dana Syslová | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dana%20Syslová | Dana Syslová
Dana Syslová
Dana Syslová (born November 11, 1945) is a Czech actress. She starred in the film "Operace Silver A" under director Jiří Strach in 2007. | 6,127,676 |
28149033 | List of Tokyo Underground episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20Tokyo%20Underground%20episodes | List of Tokyo Underground episodes
List of Tokyo Underground episodes
This is a list of episodes of the Japanese anime Tokyo Underground. The anime premiered on the TV Tokyo television network on April 2, 2002 and ended on September 24, 2002, containing twenty-six episodes. It was animated by Studio Pierrot. The English version began to air on Sci-Fi's Ani-Monday block, airing two episodes a week, starting July 28, 2008. The TV series was released on DVD by Geneon Entertainment in the US and Canada, released as a boxset by Manga Entertainment in the UK and by Tokyo Night Train in Australia. Cartoon Network Adult Swim it also aired in Canada on the digital channel G4techTV Canada, starting on July 22, 2007 at 8:30 pm ET/PT. English | 6,127,677 |
28149033 | List of Tokyo Underground episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20Tokyo%20Underground%20episodes | List of Tokyo Underground episodes
f the Japanese anime Tokyo Underground. The anime premiered on the TV Tokyo television network on April 2, 2002 and ended on September 24, 2002, containing twenty-six episodes. It was animated by Studio Pierrot. The English version began to air on Sci-Fi's Ani-Monday block, airing two episodes a week, starting July 28, 2008. The TV series was released on DVD by Geneon Entertainment in the US and Canada, released as a boxset by Manga Entertainment in the UK and by Tokyo Night Train in Australia. Cartoon Network Adult Swim it also aired in Canada on the digital channel G4techTV Canada, starting on July 22, 2007 at 8:30 pm ET/PT. English Airdates listed below are from the Canadian TV Broadcast. | 6,127,678 |
28149035 | Jana Hlaváčová | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jana%20Hlaváčová | Jana Hlaváčová
Jana Hlaváčová
Jana Hlaváčová (born 26 March 1938 in Prague) is a Czech actress. She starred in the film "Operace Silver A" under director Jiří Strach in 2007. | 6,127,679 |
28149106 | RPZ | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RPZ | RPZ
RPZ
RPZ may refer to:
- Reduced pressure zone device, a type of backflow prevention device
- Response policy zone, a mechanism for use by Domain Name System recursive resolvers | 6,127,680 |
28149045 | 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's discus throw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2010%20World%20Junior%20Championships%20in%20Athletics%20–%20Men's%20discus%20throw | 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's discus throw
2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's discus throw
The men's discus throw at the 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held at the Moncton 2010 Stadium on 23 & 24 July. A 1.75kg (junior implement) discus was used.
# Records.
Prior to the competition, the existing world junior and championship records were as follows.
# Results.
## Final.
24 July
## Qualifications.
23 July
Qualification standard 59.40m or at least best 12 qualified.
# Participation.
According to an unofficial count, 35 athletes from 28 countries participated in the event. | 6,127,681 |
28149100 | RMU | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RMU | RMU
RMU
RMU may refer to:
# Instruments.
- Ring Main Unit, electrical instrument
# Universities.
- Robert Morris University
- Robert Morris University Illinois
- Rawalpindi Medical University | 6,127,682 |
28149067 | Rajasa dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasa%20dynasty | Rajasa dynasty
Rajasa dynasty
Rajasa was the ruling dynasty of Singhasari kingdom and later Majapahit empire in 13th to 15th century eastern Java. The rulers of Singhasari and Majapahit trace their origins back to the mysterious figure of Ken Arok or Sri Ranggah Rajasa, who founded the Rajasa dynasty early in the 13th century. According to the Pararaton, Ken Arok was born in the Tumapel region (present day Malang, East Java). He was considered as the dynasty founder of both the Singhasari and Majapahit line of monarchs.
In Sanskrit, the term "rajasa" means either "passion" or "dust"/"soil".
# List of rulers.
Singhasari period:
- 1. Ken Arok (1222—1227)
- 2. Anusapati (1227—1248)
- 3. Panji Tohjaya (1248)
- | 6,127,683 |
28149067 | Rajasa dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasa%20dynasty | Rajasa dynasty
sent day Malang, East Java). He was considered as the dynasty founder of both the Singhasari and Majapahit line of monarchs.
In Sanskrit, the term "rajasa" means either "passion" or "dust"/"soil".
# List of rulers.
Singhasari period:
- 1. Ken Arok (1222—1227)
- 2. Anusapati (1227—1248)
- 3. Panji Tohjaya (1248)
- 4. Vishnuwardhana-Narasimhamurti (1248—1268)
- 5. Kertanegara (1268—1292)
Majapahit period:
- 1. Raden Wijaya (1294—1309)
- 2. Jayanegara (1309—1328)
- 3. Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi (1328—1350)
- 4. Hayam Wuruk (1350—1389)
# See also.
- List of monarchs of Java
- Greater India
- Indosphere
- Hinduism in Indonesia
# External links.
- The Origins of Rajasa Dynasty | 6,127,684 |
28149040 | Taťjana Medvecká | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taťjana%20Medvecká | Taťjana Medvecká
Taťjana Medvecká
Taťjana Medvecká (born 10 November 1953) is a Czech actress. She starred in the film "Operace Silver A" under director Jiří Strach in 2007. Medvecká was named Best Supporting Actress at the 2011 Czech Lion Awards for her performance in "The House". Medvecká won the equivalent award at Slovak cinema's Sun in a Net Awards a month later, for the same work. | 6,127,685 |
28149136 | Sauzer's Kiddieland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sauzer's%20Kiddieland | Sauzer's Kiddieland
Sauzer's Kiddieland
Sauzer's Kiddieland was an amusement park that operated near the U.S. Route 30 and U.S. Route 41 intersection in Schererville, Indiana from 1949 to 1993. The park was opened and operated by Frank Sauzer and later operated by his son Frank Sauzer Jr., included about 18 rides and a paddle boat pond.
# Rides.
• Swan Ride
• Allan Herschell Boat Ride
• Allan Herschell Kiddie Wheel
• Allan Herschell Car Ride
• Allan Herschell Sky Fighter
• Mangels Roto Whip
• Allan Herschell Little Dipper Coaster
• Allan Herschell Mad Mouse Coaster
• S.D.C Galaxi Coaster
• Merry-Go-Round
• Allan Herschell Helicopter Ride
• Bumper Cars
• Tilt-a-Whirl
• Pony rides
• Miniature train
• | 6,127,686 |
28149136 | Sauzer's Kiddieland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sauzer's%20Kiddieland | Sauzer's Kiddieland
d and operated by Frank Sauzer and later operated by his son Frank Sauzer Jr., included about 18 rides and a paddle boat pond.
# Rides.
• Swan Ride
• Allan Herschell Boat Ride
• Allan Herschell Kiddie Wheel
• Allan Herschell Car Ride
• Allan Herschell Sky Fighter
• Mangels Roto Whip
• Allan Herschell Little Dipper Coaster
• Allan Herschell Mad Mouse Coaster
• S.D.C Galaxi Coaster
• Merry-Go-Round
• Allan Herschell Helicopter Ride
• Bumper Cars
• Tilt-a-Whirl
• Pony rides
• Miniature train
• Paddle Boats
• Eyerly Spider
• Round Up
• Watkins Paratrooper
• Ferris Wheel
• Eli Bridge Scrambler
• Hand Carts
• Swingin' Gyms
# Restaurant.
- Sauzer's Waffle House (1941–1990) | 6,127,687 |
28149140 | Nebria nivalis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nebria%20nivalis | Nebria nivalis
Nebria nivalis
Nebria nivalis is a ground beetle in the subfamily Nebriinae. It is found mainly in Scandinavia and northern Russia; it is rare in the British Isles, where it occurs at isolated upland locations in North Wales, northern England, Scotland and the west of Ireland.
In Scandinavia, "N. nivalis" is found almost exclusively around the margins of snowfields. In the Scottish Cairngorms it has been observed foraging on snow, especially at night. | 6,127,688 |
28148999 | Foradian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foradian | Foradian
Foradian
Foradian Technologies is a privately held software provider of ERP Solutions for education institutions. Foradian is based in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The technical office of the firm is situated at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
The company's flagship product Fedena is an open source school management software that is used in over 40,000 schools and 20 million users in over 100 countries. A notable implementation of Fedena is its use in over 15,000 schools in the state of Kerala, India. The Education Department of the Government of Kerala has used Fedena in a state program named Sampoorna to automate the system and process of over 15,000 schools in the state. Uzity is a virtual | 6,127,689 |
28148999 | Foradian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foradian | Foradian
learning environment and course management system developed by Foradian that assists teachers and students to collaborate and learn the contents of different courses.
Foradian is also known for popularizing the joke character Tintumon, via the provision of an online identity and releasing rupee font for Indian rupee sign which was reported in major national media and newspapers
# History.
Foradian Technologies was started as a web design firm by a group of young people in India from the states of Kerala and Karnataka. Products include Fedena Opensource, Fedena Pro, Uzity, and Fluxday.
# Products.
## Fedena.
Fedena is an open source school management software based on Ruby on Rails framework. | 6,127,690 |
28148999 | Foradian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foradian | Foradian
It was selected for a presentation at International Rubyconf held at Bangalore on March 2010. Fedena is also presented in the Debconf 2010. Fedena v3.5 was released on 15 February 2016, and Fedena is available in 22 languages, including English. Foradian Technologies also provide Fedena related services, Fedena – PRO and Fedena Enterprise.
## Uzity.
Uzity is a virtual learning environment and course management system developed by Foradian Technologies. It is a collaboration platform for students, teachers, administrators and management of an institution. Uzity assists in knowledge management of the entire institution and functions as a repository of course, information and collaboration data. | 6,127,691 |
28148999 | Foradian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foradian | Foradian
It is developed by the same team who developed Fedena.
Uzity assists teachers and students to collaborate and learn the contents of different courses. Students can ask questions specific to each topic and the answers can be given by a teacher or other students. It allows the uploading of learning resources about different topics in a course and enables sharing of the resources to other courses in the same organization. Uzity gives full control of designing and implementing the learning activities of an institution.
# Rupee Foradian Font.
As soon as the new Indian Rupee sign was approved, Foradian technologies published a free digital font named "Rupee Foradian" on 16 July 2010. The font and | 6,127,692 |
28148999 | Foradian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foradian | Foradian
the blog became a viral phenomenon. The font was created using a vector image and its mapping is to the grave accent key of the keyboard, which was chosen because the grave accent key is often not used by computer users. The font received some criticism for the mapping to the grave accent key, and per being released much ahead of its approval for unicode. The Rupee sign may be made visible on some word-processors also where the font is not installed in the system, by choosing to embed the font in the document in file saving options. However, embedding the Foradian Rupee Font renders the document read-only, i.e., the document cannot be edited on a system where the font is not installed.
# Recognition.
For | 6,127,693 |
28148999 | Foradian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foradian | Foradian
t key, and per being released much ahead of its approval for unicode. The Rupee sign may be made visible on some word-processors also where the font is not installed in the system, by choosing to embed the font in the document in file saving options. However, embedding the Foradian Rupee Font renders the document read-only, i.e., the document cannot be edited on a system where the font is not installed.
# Recognition.
For the development and support of Fedena, Foradian won the MIT TR35 2012 India award for innovation in education domain. Foradian also came fifteenth in the Deloitte Technology Fast50. Foradian received the IT Innovation Award - MSME Category at the Express I.T Awards, 2014. | 6,127,694 |
28149154 | StartOut | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=StartOut | StartOut
StartOut
StartOut is a nonprofit organization dedicated to creating great business leaders by fostering lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer ("LGBTQ") entrepreneurs. Its goals are to help entrepreneurs start new companies or expand their businesses, and to use successful LGBT entrepreneurs as role models and mentors for the LGBTQ community.
The organization was founded in 2009 and has over 15,000 members attending its events in six chapter cities: San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York City, Austin, Boston, and Chicago. Its board of directors and advisors includes a number of prominent VCs and entrepreneurs, including Patrick Chung (Venture Partner at New Enterprise Associates), David | 6,127,695 |
28149154 | StartOut | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=StartOut | StartOut
Blumberg (Founder of Blumberg capital) and Chip Conley (Founder/CEO of Joie de Vivre Hotels and entrepreneurship author).
StartOut approaches its mission through a variety of methods, including:
Creating educational events that build entrepreneurial skills and knowledge. StartOut creates a wide range of programming to help people develop businesses, thereby increasing the prevalence of entrepreneurship in the LGBTQ community.
Building a community where LGBT professionals help each other. StartOut brings together members of the LGBTQ community, as well as supporters of the LGBTQ community, with a common interest in entrepreneurship and who are at various stages of building their entrepreneurial | 6,127,696 |
28149154 | StartOut | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=StartOut | StartOut
careers.
Combating discrimination by increasing visibility of LGBTQ entrepreneurs in the media. StartOut promotes LGBTQ entrepreneurs to the general public, thereby working to create positive images of "out" entrepreneurs and eliminate discrimination that still faces LGBTQ entrepreneurs.
Connecting mentors with members of the LGBTQ community starting their own companies. For example, StartOut's Lesbian Entrepreneur Mentorship Program connects new entrepreneurs with experienced professionals who provide support to help them build, fund and grow their businesses.
Access to Capital by providing connections to investors 24/7, nationwide, across industries and various startup stages with the online | 6,127,697 |
28149154 | StartOut | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=StartOut | StartOut
with the online StartOut Investor Portal Investors can search for promising businesses like yours using detailed targeting and search criteria.
# See also.
- LGBT culture in San Francisco
- List of LGBT-related organizations and conferences
- List of LGBT rights organizations in the United States
# External sources.
- Official web site
- StartOut profiled in the New York Times
- CNBC interviews StartOut Co-Founder Darren Spedale/a
- StartOut rings NY Stock Exchange opening bell for Pride Month, 365gay.com
- Building a network of gay entrepreneurs, MercuryNews.com
- New Group Addresses Out-Gay Entrepreneurs, EDGE Boston
- Echelon Magazine profiles StartOut with Co-Founder Spedale | 6,127,698 |
28149187 | TNL | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TNL | TNL
TNL
TNL may refer to:
- Lenakel language, spoken in Vanuatu
- National Liberal Youth (Romania) (Romanian: ""), the youth organisation of the National Liberal Party of Romania
- Ternopil Airport, serving Ternopil, Ukraine
- TNL TV, a television channel in Sri Lanka
- Toronto Northern Lights, a Toronto, Ontario-based men's chorus
- Tramway de Nice et du Littoral, a public transportation system in Nice, France | 6,127,699 |
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