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55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
1969 and served at that university for 11 years but served at the University of Georgia for 20 years (Reeves, 2002), some of which as the chair of the Department of Instructional Technology. Before earning his PhD, he received his master's degree from the University of Massachusetts in 1965 (Reeves, 2002). This degree preceded the undergraduate degree earned in 1961 at the Worcester State University and his passion in the teaching of high school mathematics (Reeves, 2002). According to the Georgia State University (n.d.) Dr Gustafson’s interests were on topics Performance Support Systems and over the years he has issued numerous books on instructional technology and education. These books include | 6,132,900 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
Instructional Technology: A Systematic Approach to Education, Instructional Design: Principles and Applications, Survey of Instructional Development Models among others.
# The Characteristics of an Instructional Design Model.
Regardless of the instructional design model used, all models must possess certain characteristics for it to be effective. These characteristics highlight the instructional design model’s ability to be learner-centred, goal-oriented, focused on similar presentations as in the real world, focused on results that can be measured and validated, empirical and can encompass a team effort (Gustafson & Branch, 2002).
# The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model.
The | 6,132,901 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
Kirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model is done in three phases: the problem determination stage, the design stage and the developmental stage. This is one stage less than the popular ADDIE model that also entails an additional evaluation phase as an overarching stage (Gustafson & Branch, 2002). Each of the three phases in the Knirk and Gustafson Instructional and Design Model can be broken into specific objectives in order to complete the required project.
## The Problem Determination Stage.
The Problem determination stage is the first stage in the Kirk and Gustafson Instructional Design Model and focuses on two processes: the identification of the problem, the performance gaps and the | 6,132,902 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
primary goals (Pappas, 2015), and the setting of goals (Sortrakul & Denphaisarn, 2009). This stage allows the instructional designer to conduct a needs assessment and task analysis to determine the objectives that are required to solve the problem and create general instructional goals (Nimbkar & Sonali, 2013) as well as decide which methods are suitable to lessen a performance deficiency (Barbazette, 2006). Determining the Learner’s Entry Behavior is critical to this process as it relates to the knowledge base of the learner, their communication skills, their learning styles and their health and wellbeing (Nimbkar & Sonali, 2013). It also highlights the issues to be addressed via the needs | 6,132,903 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
assessment and task analysis (Pappas, 2015). Finally, the Problem Determination stage aids in the organization of instructional development, by planning, organizing, coordinating, evaluating and reporting on the results of the aforesaid assessments and analysis (Nimbkar & Sonali, 2013) in order to pick a suitable method for design.
## The Design Stage.
The Design Stage is the second stage in The Knirk and Gustafson Instructional Design Model and its focuses on the development of a choice of objectives and strategies (Sortrakul & Denphaisarn, 2009) to solve the problem highlighted in the problem determination stage. Along with aforesaid choices, suitable activities, materials and multimedia | 6,132,904 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
components are needed to resolve the problem and seal the performance gap (Pappas, 2015) (Nimbkar & Sonali, 2013). These objective may follow the ABCD model while being terminal and enabling (Nimbkar & Sonali, 2013). It is important to consult the opinions of Subject Matter Experts in the selection and gathering of media, the refining of objectives among other designing processes (Pappas, 2015).
## The Development Stage.
The Development Stage is the third and final stage in the Knirk and Gustafson Model and entails the creation and development of training materials, conducting of tests by users and the making of essential improvements towards the final product (Pappas, 2015). The creation | 6,132,905 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
of materials is normally a result of unsuitable ones that may be existence (Sortrakul & Denphaisarn, 2009), and even the new models require evaluation for the situation (Nimbkar & Sonali, 2013). Prototyping and focus groups may be necessary to produce an efficient and effective result (Pappas, 2015) as it going to a series of analysis before the official implementation (Nimbkar & Sonali, 2013).
## Advantages of the Knirk and Gustafson Model.
The Knirk and Gustafson Instructional Design Model has a simplistic design as it is done in three main phases (İşman, Çağlar, Dabaj, & Ersözlü, 2005). However, the model can be used successfully by the experts and beginners alike. The Hannifin and Peck | 6,132,906 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
Model also uses three phases but does not have separate phases (Pappas, 2015) as it constantly uses an evaluation and revision phases though the three phases (Qureshi, 2004). This makes the Hannifin and Peck model unsuitable for beginners but maintains a focus on the core functions like the Knirk and Gustafson model (Qureshi, 2004).
Also, the Knirk and Gustafson model is effective for the planning and implementation of unit and lesson plans (Kowalski, 2012). Additionally, the Knirk and Gustafson model provides the user opportunities along every phase of this model to remedy organization-wide problems, to reduce the skills gap in learners, and to meet the learners' instructional needs (Pappas, | 6,132,907 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
2015).
## Disadvantages of the Knirk and Gustafson Model.
According to the Online Academic Community of the University of Victoria, the Knirk and Gustafson Instructional Design Model is excellent in simplicity but it misses steps of revision and evaluation during the beginning and intermediate steps. As such, when revision may become necessary in the implementation, one may have to review the former steps to produce an effective result (Kowalski, 2012).
Secondly, the University of Victoria highlights the Knirk and Gustafson Model’s inability to consider the student’s learning style and behavioural traits in the problem identification stage. The identification of the aforementioned factors | 6,132,908 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
will aid in the development of an appropriate solution.
Lastly, the University of Victoria points out that although the each stage is independent, a cross-related design would have made the process better as it would promote continued inter-relations between the processes and the content to be designed.
## Applications of the Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model.
The University of Victoria see the Knirk and Gustafson model as an effective and efficient for short courses that requires little consistency. Additionally, the instructional design model is suitable for the eLearning platform where media and technology are heavily involved (Pappas, 2015). Finally, this model’s is excellent | 6,132,909 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
for simulations in the learning design field (Sortrakul & Denphaisarn, 2009).
# References.
Barbazette, J. (2006). What is a Needs Assessment? In J. Barbazette, "Training Needs Assessment: Methods, Tools, and Techniques, Volume 1" (pp. 3–11). San Francisco: Pfeiffer.
Gustafson, K. L., & Branch, R. M. (2002). What is Instructional Design. "Trends and issues in instructional design and technology", 16-25.
"Instructional Design." (n.d.). Retrieved from Dublin Institute of Technology Website: http://www.comp.dit.ie/dgordon/Courses/ILT/6-InstructionalDesign.ppt
"Interview of Kent L. Gustafson". (n.d.). Retrieved from The Georgia State University: http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwitr/interviews/gustafson.htm
Jurkowitz, | 6,132,910 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
C. (1986). Reviews the book 'Keeping Track: How Schools Structure Inequality. "Educational Leadership Vol. 43 Issue 7", 92-93.
Nimbkar, S., & Sonali, K. (2013, September 4). "Knirk and gustafson ISD Model." Retrieved from the LinkedIn Slideshare Website: https://www.slideshare.net/nimbkarshruti/knirk-and-gustafson-isd-model
Pappas, C. (2015). "The Knirk And Gustafson Model: A Guide For eLearning Professionals". Retrieved from Epignosis' Efront Learning Website : https://www.efrontlearning.com/blog/2016/04/the-knirk-and-gustafson-model-a-guide-for-elearning-professionals.html
Reeves, T. C. (2002). Tribute to Kent L. Gustafson. "Educational Media and Technology Yearbook", 213.
Sortrakul, T., | 6,132,911 |
55510948 | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Knirk%20&%20Gustafson%20Instructional%20Design%20Model | The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model
". Retrieved from Epignosis' Efront Learning Website : https://www.efrontlearning.com/blog/2016/04/the-knirk-and-gustafson-model-a-guide-for-elearning-professionals.html
Reeves, T. C. (2002). Tribute to Kent L. Gustafson. "Educational Media and Technology Yearbook", 213.
Sortrakul, T., & Denphaisarn, N. (2009). The Evolution of Instructional System Design Model. "The Sixth International Conference On Elearning For Knowledge-Based Society", 17-18.
"The Knirk and Gustafson Design Model". (n.d.). Retrieved from University of Victoria - The Online Academy Website: https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/learningdesign/wp-content/uploads/sites/1178/2015/06/Knirk-and-Gustafson-Design-Model-.pdf | 6,132,912 |
55511151 | Neil Doherty (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neil%20Doherty%20(disambiguation) | Neil Doherty (disambiguation)
Neil Doherty (disambiguation)
Neil Doherty (born 1969) is an English former professional footballer. Neil Doherty may also refer to:
- Neil Doherty (radio) (fl. 2010s), an Irish radio presenter
- Neil A. Doherty, an American economist
- Neil Doherty, founding member of the band, The Tannahill Weavers
- Neil Doherty, a priest in the sexual abuse scandal in the Archdiocese of Miami | 6,132,913 |
55511153 | List of Russian presidential candidates by number of votes received | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20Russian%20presidential%20candidates%20by%20number%20of%20votes%20received | List of Russian presidential candidates by number of votes received
List of Russian presidential candidates by number of votes received
Following is a list of Russian presidential candidates by number of votes received, since the first Russian presidential election in 1991.
# See also.
- Russian presidential elections
- List of Russian presidential candidates | 6,132,914 |
55510988 | Ella Balinska | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ella%20Balinska | Ella Balinska
Ella Balinska
Ella Balinska (born 4 October 1996) is a British actress. She will star in the upcoming 2019 sequel of the "Charlie's Angels" franchise.
# Early life.
Balinska was born in London, the daughter of English chef Lorraine Pascale and Polish entrepreneur Kazimierz Balinski-Jundzill. She competed in track and field at a national level.
# Career.
In 2017, Balinska landed the lead role in "The Athena" (2019) as Nyela Malik.
In July 2018, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced Balinska is set to star as one of the Angels in the upcoming 2019 Elizabeth Banks-directed reboot film "Charlie's Angels", along with Kristen Stewart and Naomi Scott. | 6,132,915 |
55510953 | Deadstar (mixtape) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deadstar%20(mixtape) | Deadstar (mixtape)
Deadstar (mixtape)
Deadstar is the debut commercial mixtape by American rapper Smokepurpp. It was released on September 29, 2017, by Alamo Records, Interscope Records and Cactus Jack Records. The mixtape features guest appearances from frequent collaborator Lil Pump, alongside Chief Keef, Yo Gotti, Juicy J, Travis Scott and DRAM It was supported by four singles – "Audi", "Different Color Molly", "To the Moon" and "Bless Yo Trap".
# Artwork.
A friend of Smokepurpp came up with the idea for the album art from infamous punk rock artist GG Allin. On Purpp's album cover, he's seen in a coffin, surrounded by a newspaper clipping, photos of himself, alcohol and a lean bottle. This mimics an infamous | 6,132,916 |
55510953 | Deadstar (mixtape) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deadstar%20(mixtape) | Deadstar (mixtape)
o of the punk rocker at his funeral. Allin died in 1993 due to a heroin overdose, was photographed at his funeral in his coffin, with a bottle of Jim Bean and newspaper clippings surround him, his corpse unwashed, wearing his leather jacket and jock strap (a trademark of his).
# Singles.
The lead single, "Audi." was released on May 19, 2017. The second single, "Different Color Molly" was released on May 26, 2017. The third single, "To the Moon" was released on June 2, 2017. The fourth and final single, "Bless Yo Trap" was released on September 15, 2017.
# Commercial performance.
"Deadstar" debuted at number 42 on the US "Billboard" 200.
# Track listing.
Credits were adapted from Tidal. | 6,132,917 |
55511217 | Hill McClelland Bell House | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hill%20McClelland%20Bell%20House | Hill McClelland Bell House
Hill McClelland Bell House
The Hill McClelland Bell House is a historic building located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Built 1902, the 2½-story structure features a rectangular plan, a gable front, and a wrap-around porch. Decorative elements include wood shingles in the gable end, and some of the windows have a diamond mullion pattern. The house's significance is derived from its association with Hill McClelland Bell, president of Drake University from 1902 to 1918. This was a period of
dramatic growth for the college. It was during his tenure that the institution was accredited with the North Central Association of Secondary Schools and Colleges, the establishment of a faculty pension, | 6,132,918 |
55511217 | Hill McClelland Bell House | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hill%20McClelland%20Bell%20House | Hill McClelland Bell House
iamond mullion pattern. The house's significance is derived from its association with Hill McClelland Bell, president of Drake University from 1902 to 1918. This was a period of
dramatic growth for the college. It was during his tenure that the institution was accredited with the North Central Association of Secondary Schools and Colleges, the establishment of a faculty pension, an increase in the school's endowment, a decrease in its debts, eminent professors joined the faculty, and several colleges were reorganized. Enrollment increased during this period of time, and five significant buildings were built on campus. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. | 6,132,919 |
55511082 | Le Premier Pas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Le%20Premier%20Pas | Le Premier Pas
Le Premier Pas
"Le Premier Pas" is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and features the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was first published as the fourth story in the collection "The Amateur Cracksman", published by Methuen & Co. Ltd in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New York, both in 1899. This and "Wilful Murder" were the two stories in the collection not published previously in magazine format.
# Plot.
Raffles and Bunny are together at the Albany. Raffles decides to finally tell Bunny the tale of his first crime:
Raffles is in Melbourne for the Test match, and runs into debt. He is removed from play for some days due to a hand | 6,132,920 |
55511082 | Le Premier Pas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Le%20Premier%20Pas | Le Premier Pas
injury; the surgeon who attends him mentions there is a man named Raffles who is manager at a bank, recently promoted to a new location in Yea. Raffles supposes the man may be a long-lost relative, and may be of help to him. The doctor loans Raffles his horse. After writing to the other Raffles in spite of his wounded hand, Raffles rides through Whittlesea. Along the way, he comes upon an eerily riderless horse, followed by a horse with a suspicious rider; the rider lies to the naive Raffles about the fastest path to Yea.
Upon arriving late in the township, Raffles is met by a bank manager, who was awaiting him. The man warns him of bushrangers. He leads Raffles to the bank, and presents to | 6,132,921 |
55511082 | Le Premier Pas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Le%20Premier%20Pas | Le Premier Pas
him the letter that Raffles wrote his potential relative the previous day. Raffles realizes that he and this man have each mistaken each other for the other Raffles. Raffles maintains the ruse.
Over dinner with the man, named Ewbank, Raffles contemplates robbing the bank. While cleverly maintaining his ruse, Raffles learns the details of the bank from Ewbank. After dinner, Raffles persuades Ewbank to show him around. They retire. When he hears Ewbank snoring, Raffles exits the bank to prepare his horse for a speedy departure. He reenters and uses the secret strong-room keys to enters the strong-room. He takes a couple hundred sovereigns. Suddenly, there is a knocking at the bank's door.
Raffles, | 6,132,922 |
55511082 | Le Premier Pas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Le%20Premier%20Pas | Le Premier Pas
who brought a revolver, goes to meet the threat, but retreats at the sound Ewbank's approach. Ewbank lets in the newcomer, who has been abused by bushrangers. He is the real Raffles who Ewbank was expecting. Together they realize that the first Raffles to arrive is an imposter, and probably one of the bushrangers. They search for him. Raffles silently closes the store-room door, just in time to not be seen. Raffles waits for them to move on upstairs, and flees on his horse to a hotel in Melbourne. Raffles's loss of innocence is marked by him shaving off his heavy moustache. He later returns the horse to the doctor.
# Adaptations.
BBC Radio did not adapt "Le Premier Pas" as part of their radio | 6,132,923 |
55511082 | Le Premier Pas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Le%20Premier%20Pas | Le Premier Pas
shrangers. He is the real Raffles who Ewbank was expecting. Together they realize that the first Raffles to arrive is an imposter, and probably one of the bushrangers. They search for him. Raffles silently closes the store-room door, just in time to not be seen. Raffles waits for them to move on upstairs, and flees on his horse to a hotel in Melbourne. Raffles's loss of innocence is marked by him shaving off his heavy moustache. He later returns the horse to the doctor.
# Adaptations.
BBC Radio did not adapt "Le Premier Pas" as part of their radio drama adaptation of the Raffles saga.
# References.
- Notes
- Sources
# External links.
- Free online annotated version of "Le Premier Pas" | 6,132,924 |
55511047 | Elisabethsminde | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elisabethsminde | Elisabethsminde
Elisabethsminde
Elisabethsminde was a chocolate factory established in 1825 in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was taken over by the confectionery company Hintz & Co. in 1872 but the company once again operated under the name Elisabethsminde from 1880. It closed in the 1950s. Its former chocolate factory at Heimdalsgade 14–16 in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen was converted into apartments in 2009.
# History.
## Elisabethsminde.
The Elisabethsminde chocolate factory was established by Peter Christian Deichmann (1795-1848) in 1825 1825. It was located at Peblinge Lake, between present day Nørre Søgade and Nansensgade. It changed hands several times. It installed one of the first steam engines | 6,132,925 |
55511047 | Elisabethsminde | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elisabethsminde | Elisabethsminde
in Copenhagen.
## Hintz & Co..
Hintz & Co. was founded as a match factory in Schleswig by Christian Hintz and H. P. Danker (1838-1891) in 1857. Hintz left the company when it moved to Flensburg in 1859. The factory moved to Copenhagen in 1864.
IIn Copenhagen, Funker purchased a building in Sankt Annæ Gade in Christianshavn. He converted the premises into aconfectionery factory in 1867 or 1868, selling his old machines to Carl Conrad Kjær, who moved them to Thyrasgade 5 where he operated a match factory first under the name Hintz & Co. and later as Kjær & Gottlieb.
## Rge merged company.
In 1872 H. P. Danker sold the company to K. V. Groth and C. A. F. Winkel (died 1876) but koined it again | 6,132,926 |
55511047 | Elisabethsminde | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elisabethsminde | Elisabethsminde
later that same year when it acquired the Elisabethsminde chocolate factory. Elisabethsminde's building complex at Nørre Søgade was expanded. K. V. Groth and C. A. F. Winkel sold their shares of the company while Winkel's father Adolf Nicolaj Winkel (1809-1885) became a co-owner. The company operated under the name Elisabethsminde from 1880.
The company was converted into a limited company (A/S) after Adolf Nicolaj Winkel's death in 1885. His widow inherited his share of the company and became its sole owner after Danker's death in 1891.
The company was converted into a limited company (A/S) in 1895. The company also owned the Luzern chocolate factory as well as Vejle Chokoladefabrik which | 6,132,927 |
55511047 | Elisabethsminde | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elisabethsminde | Elisabethsminde
operated under the name Elisabethsminde from 1880.
The company was converted into a limited company (A/S) after Adolf Nicolaj Winkel's death in 1885. His widow inherited his share of the company and became its sole owner after Danker's death in 1891.
The company was converted into a limited company (A/S) in 1895. The company also owned the Luzern chocolate factory as well as Vejle Chokoladefabrik which relocated to the Freeport of Copenhagen in 1908. Hintz & Co. moved to Heimdalsgade in 1914. The company uased the building until 1928. It closed in the 1950s.
# Legacy.
The company's former building at Heimdalsvej 14–16 was converted into 21 apartments in 2009.
# External links.
- Source | 6,132,928 |
55510963 | D. F. Hettiarachchi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D.%20F.%20Hettiarachchi | D. F. Hettiarachchi
D. F. Hettiarachchi
Don Frank Hettiarachchi (3 May 1919 – 1970) was a Ceylonese politician.
Hettiarachchi was first elected to parliament, as the member for the Nivitigala electorate, at the 1st parliamentary election, held between 23 August 1947 and 20 September 1947, representing the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP). He received 5,626 votes (43.58% of the total vote), narrowly defeating the United National Party (UNP) candidate, Jayaweera Kuruppu, by 24 votes. This was a significant upset as Kuruppu was a former member of the State Council of Ceylon and a principal organiser for the UNP in the district.
He re-contested the seat at 2nd parliamentary election, held between 24 May 1952 and 30 | 6,132,929 |
55510963 | D. F. Hettiarachchi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D.%20F.%20Hettiarachchi | D. F. Hettiarachchi
May 1952, losing to the UNP candidate Harold Weragama, who polled 12,785 votes (57.4% of the total vote) as opposed to Hettiarachchi's 9,257 votes (41.6% of the total vote).
Hettiarachchi ran again in the 3rd parliamentary election, held between 5 April 1956 and 10 April 1956, however this time as the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) candidate, successfully regaining the seat of Nivitagala. He received 16,205 votes (66% of the total votes), 7,985 votes ahead of his UNP rival and sitting member, Weragama.
At the 4th parliamentary election, held on 19 March 1960, Hettiarachchi ran as the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP) candidate, winning the seat with 7,314 (39.4% of the total vote), 1,417 votes | 6,132,930 |
55510963 | D. F. Hettiarachchi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D.%20F.%20Hettiarachchi | D. F. Hettiarachchi
ahead of the UNP candidate, K. E. Seneviratne, and 4,581 votes ahead of the SLFP candidate, A. D. Abeysuriya. However, as neither of the major political parties managed to obtain a sufficient majority in the election a new election was called. At the subsequent July 1960 election Hettiarachchi lost the seat to the SLFP candidate, Stanley Molligoda, running third in a field of four candidates, only securing 22.6% of the total vote.
Hettiarachchi contested the next parliamentary elections, held on 22 March 1965, this time as the SLFP candidate, where he defeated the sitting member, Molligoda, who ran as the UNP candidate. Hettiarachchi polled 14,943 votes (58.5% of the total), as opposed to Molligoda's | 6,132,931 |
55510963 | D. F. Hettiarachchi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D.%20F.%20Hettiarachchi | D. F. Hettiarachchi
ion a new election was called. At the subsequent July 1960 election Hettiarachchi lost the seat to the SLFP candidate, Stanley Molligoda, running third in a field of four candidates, only securing 22.6% of the total vote.
Hettiarachchi contested the next parliamentary elections, held on 22 March 1965, this time as the SLFP candidate, where he defeated the sitting member, Molligoda, who ran as the UNP candidate. Hettiarachchi polled 14,943 votes (58.5% of the total), as opposed to Molligoda's 9,981 votes (39.1% of the total).
Hettiarachchi died shortly before the May 1970 parliamentary elections, with the vacant seat of Nivitagala being filled by his SLFP replacement, Piyadasa Harischandra. | 6,132,932 |
55510981 | Stay Gold (CNBLUE album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stay%20Gold%20(CNBLUE%20album) | Stay Gold (CNBLUE album)
Stay Gold (CNBLUE album)
Stay Gold (stylized STAY GOLD) is the sixth major-label Japanese studio album (eighth overall) by South Korean pop-rock idol band CNBLUE. It was released on October 18, 2017, under Warner Music Japan. The album was released in four editions: Regular Edition, Limited Editions A and B, and a fan club-only Boice Limited Edition. It went on to debut at number three on Japan's national weekly Oricon Albums Chart. The band will embark on the CNBLUE 2017 Arena Tour Live "Starting Over" from November to December in Osaka, Tokyo, Fukui, Fukuoka, Aichi, and Kanagawa.
# Release and promotion.
CNBLUE released "Shake" as the first single from the album on May 10, 2017. It peaked | 6,132,933 |
55510981 | Stay Gold (CNBLUE album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stay%20Gold%20(CNBLUE%20album) | Stay Gold (CNBLUE album)
at number five on the country's national Oricon Singles Chart, charting for four weeks and selling over 26,000 copies domestically. "Stay Gold" was announced as CNBLUE's sixth studio album on August 29, 2017, with a release date of October 18. A video teaser for the album was concurrently released. A 30-second teaser for the single "Starting Over" was uploaded on September 7, with the full music video was premiered eleven days later on Yahoo! Japan's service GyaO. On September 25, an album digest video was uploaded on YouTube. "Starting Over" was released as a digital download on October 6.
"Stay Gold" was released in four editions: Regular Edition; Limited Edition A with bonus DVD content | 6,132,934 |
55510981 | Stay Gold (CNBLUE album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stay%20Gold%20(CNBLUE%20album) | Stay Gold (CNBLUE album)
that includes the music video and a special feature of "Starting Over"; Limited Edition B with bonus DVD content that includes multi-angle performance footage of "Shake" and "Lie" from the CNBLUE Spring Live 2017 "Shake! Shake!" arena tour; and Boice Limited Edition with "special goods".
The band will embark on the CNBLUE 2017 Arena Tour Live "Starting Over" from November 3 to December 1, 2017. The concerts will take place at the Osaka-jō Hall in Osaka, the Nippon Budokan in Tokyo, the Sun Dome Fukui in Fukui, the Marine Messe Fukuoka arena in Fukuoka, the Nippon Gaishi Hall in Aichi, and the Yokohama Arena in Kanagawa.
# Commercial performance.
"Stay Gold" shifted 21,428 copies on its first | 6,132,935 |
55510981 | Stay Gold (CNBLUE album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stay%20Gold%20(CNBLUE%20album) | Stay Gold (CNBLUE album)
na Tour Live "Starting Over" from November 3 to December 1, 2017. The concerts will take place at the Osaka-jō Hall in Osaka, the Nippon Budokan in Tokyo, the Sun Dome Fukui in Fukui, the Marine Messe Fukuoka arena in Fukuoka, the Nippon Gaishi Hall in Aichi, and the Yokohama Arena in Kanagawa.
# Commercial performance.
"Stay Gold" shifted 21,428 copies on its first day of release. On the chart dated October 30, 2017, the album debuted at number three on Japan's weekly national Oricon Albums Chart, selling 28,060 copies in its first week. It also ranked at number three on the "Billboard Japan" Hot Albums. According to Oricon, the album has sold 30,778 copies domestically since its release. | 6,132,936 |
55511299 | Raúl García Castán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raúl%20García%20Castán | Raúl García Castán
Raúl García Castán
Raúl García Castán (born 8 October 1970) is a Spanish male sky runner, European champion (2009) and vice-European champion (2008) in the SkyRace, second in the 2007 World Cup.
# External links.
- Raúl García Castán profile at Trangoworld | 6,132,937 |
55511309 | Spencer Johnson (cricketer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spencer%20Johnson%20(cricketer) | Spencer Johnson (cricketer)
Spencer Johnson (cricketer)
Spencer Johnson (born 16 December 1995) is an Australian first-class cricketer who plays for South Australia .
He made his List A debut on 12 October 2017 for South Australia against Victoria.. He was given a rookie contract by South Australia in the 2017-18 domestic season.
# Domestic career.
Johnson made his List A debut in the 2017–18 JLT One-Day Cup playing for South Australia in the 15th match against Victoria. He did not bat, but he bowled 10 overs and took one wicket for 72 runs. South Australia won the match by 11 runs. | 6,132,938 |
55511388 | 1913 West Virginia Mountaineers football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1913%20West%20Virginia%20Mountaineers%20football%20team | 1913 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
1913 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1913 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1913 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Edwin Sweetland, the team compiled a 3–4–2 record and was outscored by a total of 137 to 109. Melville Boyles was the team captain. | 6,132,939 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
A Quiet End
A Quiet End is a 1985 play written by Robin Swados (1953–). It explores the lives of three gay men, all suffering from HIV/AIDS, who share an apartment on Manhattan's Upper West Side. "A Quiet End" was one of the first plays to address the AIDS epidemic, receiving productions both in the U.S. and internationally, and is widely considered "groundbreaking" for this reason. It is one of only fifteen plays that directly falls under Wikipedia's classification of HIV/AIDS in theatre, and one of only five to run in a Broadway/off-Broadway production.
Unlike its contemporary, The Normal Heart, "A Quiet End" makes no mention of the politics that dominated the AIDS epidemic during this time | 6,132,940 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
period, particularly the lack of government response and funding in New York City. The script goes so far as to omit the words "HIV" or "AIDS", though the disease is heavily implied throughout.
The play premiered as the inaugural production of the International City Theater in Long Beach, California, and made its international debut four weeks later at the Offstage Theater in London.
"A Quiet End" has been produced at numerous theaters including the Repertory Theater of St. Louis, the American Repertory Theater (Amsterdam), Theater-off-Park (New York), as well as two revivals in Los Angeles and another in New York, according to playwright Swados.
# Synopsis.
## Act One.
"A Quiet End" opens | 6,132,941 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
in a run-down apartment on Manhattan's Upper West Side, where Tony and Max are playing Scrabble. While waiting for Tony to take his turn, Max complains about the dismal apartment furniture and takes his HIV/AIDS medication. Billy arrives home from grocery shopping and reminisces that while he used to run "three, maybe four miles a day", he is now so exhausted that he can barely make it up the stairs.
Billy and Max talk about the apartment. While Billy is grateful for a place to live, Max bitterly grumbles about the view and the hideous furniture. When a stray comment by Max brings on the revelation that Billy and Tony were raised Catholic, the discussion transitions into a debate over the existence | 6,132,942 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
of God. Despite general tension between the Catholic Church and homosexuality, Tony believes wholeheartedly in God and Billy believes "sometimes". A disgusted Max professes that he believes in nothing but his individual strength and ability to survive.
Tony, after being needled and cajoled by Max and Billy, finally completes his turn in Scrabble, playing the word "punt." Both Max and Billy are incredulous that it has taken Tony so long to create such a low-scoring word. Max then turns from insulting Tony's word to Tony's past career as a football player, and the game of football in general. Tony leaves the room, hurt and angry. Max admits to Billy that the reason he dislikes athletics is because | 6,132,943 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
he was always picked last. Billy points out that Max is lashing out and being selfish; unlike Max, Tony wasn't "out" in high school and therefore probably had a difficult time in ways Max couldn't imagine. Max, at Billy's encouragement, leaves to reconcile with Tony.
The scene shifts to a conversation between Max and an unseen doctor. Max frustratedly admits that he hasn't felt real pleasure since he stopped teaching. The conversation with the doctor reveals that Max was fired from his teaching job because the school's administration discovered that Max was HIV-positive after Max was discovered having distributed HIV treatment resources to an infected student.
Back in the apartment, Max's | 6,132,944 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
ex-boyfriend Jason shows up and introduces himself to Billy. Billy divulges that he was fired from his job as a pianist because the man with whom he shared the piano became increasingly paranoid that Billy would pass the disease to him. Jason asks about life at the apartment, and Billy responds that existence is fairly unfulfilling, emotionally, sexually, and physically. Max then returns to the living room, where he and Jason catch up. Jason had not contacted Max after Max was diagnosed with HIV. Jason reveals that he is still HIV-free, but Max's relief is short-lived. The two quickly revive old arguments from their relationship, including Jason's disapproval of Max's insistence on an open relationship, | 6,132,945 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
and accuses Max of using group therapy to jump from solution to solution without ever taking the time to truly analyze himself. Max responds that he felt that everyone, particularly Jason, was more perfect than he was. Jason begs for Max to take him back, but Max refuses, telling Jason that his future is outside the apartment. The two kiss passionately, and Jason leaves.
## Act Two.
### Scene One.
The second act opens with a conversation between Billy and the Doctor. Billy recounts his memories of his father's death and funeral, and tells the Doctor that he has been keeping both his sexuality and diagnosis from his highly religious family. The Doctor encourages Billy to reach out to them | 6,132,946 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
for support, but Billy refuses because he doesn't want his "wrong choices" to hurt them as well as him. The Doctor asks Billy if he blames anyone besides himself for his illness, namely the person who infected him. Billy replies that he knows who it was, and that he forgives him.
### Scene Two.
Tony's health has deteriorated even further. Billy finds Tony's ripped up headshots under the couch, prompting Tony to bitterly reminisce about his lack of success in the acting business. Tony then reveals that he served in the Vietnam War before moving to New York. Billy asks if Tony has killed anyone, and after some hesitation answers yes. Tony admits to the Doctor that potentially infecting others | 6,132,947 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
with HIV makes him feel like a "murderer". Back at the apartment, Tony's health drastically begins to fail. He tries to prevent Billy and Max from calling an ambulance, but Max does so anyway. Before medical help arrives, Tony passes away in Billy's arms.
### Scene Three.
Three days later, Billy and Max discuss Tony's funeral and death in general. Billy reveals that he is moving back to Iowa to be with his family. Max begs Billy to stay, pointing out that he will be completely alone if Billy leaves. Billy tells Max that he called Jason, and implores Max to cultivate a real relationship and let Jason take him back. Billy leaves the apartment for good.
### Scene Four.
Jason arrives, and a | 6,132,948 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
fight commences. Jason argues that it doesn't matter that Max is dying, it is the way Max ends his life that is important. He implores Max to strive for more than "a quiet end", and Max responds that he can no longer feel anything. Jason then caresses Max's head and asks if Max can feel his touch. Max replies that he can.The two embrace, and Max agrees to move in with Jason.
### Scene Five.
The play closes with Jason reflecting upon Max's death and funeral to the Doctor. It is clear that Max lived his life to the fullest.
# Characters.
- Tony, an aspiring actor, ex-football player, and Vietnam War veteran. HIV positive.
- Max, an intellectual, atheist, and former schoolteacher. HIV positive.
- | 6,132,949 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
Billy, a piano player born in Iowa and estranged from his highly religious family. HIV positive.
- Doctor, an unseen psychiatrist, all other characters are his patients
- Jason, Max's ex-partner. HIV negative
# Productions.
"(In order of premiere date)"
## International City Theatre, Long Beach, California (1986).
"A Quiet End" debuted on January 17th, 1986 with direction by Jues Aaron, scenery by J.L. White, costumes by Cathy A. Crane, and lighting and sound by Mario Mariotta. The inaugural production of the International City Theatre under Shashin Desai, it set the precedent for the company's reputation of premiering new shows.
## London (1986).
Presented by Buddy Dalton at the Offstage | 6,132,950 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
Theatre, the London production premiered on February 4th, 1986. Direction by Noel Greig, scenery and costumes by Caroline Burgess, lighting by Bob Lyons.
## Amsterdam (1986).
Premiering on September 17th, 1986, at the American Repertory Theatre, this production was presented by Raphael Brandow, with direction by Swados himself, scenery and costumes by Ries Fess, and lighting by Nick Snaas.
## St. Louis (1987).
Opening on October 30th, 1987 at the St. Louis Repertory Theatre, Steven Woolf presented "A Quiet End" with direction by Sam Blackwell, scenery by Mel Dickerson, costumes by Jim Buff, and lighting by Mark Wilson.
## Off-Broadway (1990).
Premiering May 29th, 1990 at the Theatre Off | 6,132,951 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
Park and produced by Albert Harris in arrangement with Richard Norton and Ted Snowdon, "A Quiet End" made its Off-Broadway run with direction by Tony Giordano, scenery by Philipp Jung, costumes by David Murin, sound by Tony Meola, and music by Swados.
## Los Angeles, California (1996).
Premiered at the Tracy Roberts Theatre on February 4th, 1996, with direction by Anne Hulegard, sets by Frannie Smith, lighting by Brian Mahanayo
# Casting.
"(Characters listed in order of appearance)"
# Reception.
"A Quiet End" productions have received mixed reviews. At its inaugural premiere in Long Beach, the actors, lighting, and scenic design received raves. Though the play was deemed "thoughtfully | 6,132,952 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
written", it was ultimately declared that it was "too quiet for its own good" because it didn't deal with the political ramifications of the AIDS crisis. In the 1996 Los Angeles revival"The Variety" similarly accused Swados' script of having "little plot development", and claimed that "the responsibility for its success lies squarely on the talents of the director and actors". That being said, "The Variety" heaped praise upon the latter, however, particularly highlighting the direction of Anne Hulegard and Edward Trucco's performance as Billy. "New York Times" reviewer Stephen Price shared similar sentiments when the play debuted Off-Broadway. While the actors, set, and lighting were once again | 6,132,953 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
praised, particularly Lonny Price's portrayal of Max, this time the issue was a matter of direction rather than writing. Price claimed that the play's "power is severely diminished by directorial timidity", even going so far as to assert that "a drama that ought to grab one by the throat has been staged as mild-mannered, almost soothing AIDS soap opera."
# As an academic resource.
"A Quiet End" has been published as a single volume by Samuel French. It also is featured in the anthology "Gay and Lesbian Plays Today" "The Best Men's Stage Monologues of 1990," and "The Best Stage Scenes for Men From the 1980s" (Smith and Kraus, 1990). "A Quiet End" was also the focus of a chapter of Robert Vorlicky's | 6,132,954 |
55511264 | A Quiet End | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Quiet%20End | A Quiet End
rather than writing. Price claimed that the play's "power is severely diminished by directorial timidity", even going so far as to assert that "a drama that ought to grab one by the throat has been staged as mild-mannered, almost soothing AIDS soap opera."
# As an academic resource.
"A Quiet End" has been published as a single volume by Samuel French. It also is featured in the anthology "Gay and Lesbian Plays Today" "The Best Men's Stage Monologues of 1990," and "The Best Stage Scenes for Men From the 1980s" (Smith and Kraus, 1990). "A Quiet End" was also the focus of a chapter of Robert Vorlicky's "Act Like a Man: Challenging Masculinities in American Drama" (U. of Michigan Press, 1995). | 6,132,955 |
55511447 | 1912 West Virginia Mountaineers football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1912%20West%20Virginia%20Mountaineers%20football%20team | 1912 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
1912 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1912 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1912 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach William P. Edmunds, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 131 to 106. Carl G. Bachman was the team captain. | 6,132,956 |
55511494 | 1909 West Virginia Mountaineers football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1909%20West%20Virginia%20Mountaineers%20football%20team | 1909 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
1909 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1909 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1909 college football season. In its second season under head coach Charles Augustus Lueder, the team compiled a 4–3–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 118 to 81. Lee Hutchinson was the team captain. | 6,132,957 |
55511486 | 1910 West Virginia Mountaineers football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1910%20West%20Virginia%20Mountaineers%20football%20team | 1910 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
1910 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1910 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In its third season under head coach Charles Augustus Lueder, the team compiled a 2–4–1 record and was outscored by a total of 95 to 20. Rudolph Munk was the team captain. | 6,132,958 |
55511460 | 1911 West Virginia Mountaineers football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1911%20West%20Virginia%20Mountaineers%20football%20team | 1911 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
1911 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1911 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1911 college football season. In its fourth and final season under head coach Charles Augustus Lueder, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 91 to 67. Ernest Bell was the team captain. | 6,132,959 |
55511514 | 1908 West Virginia Mountaineers football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1908%20West%20Virginia%20Mountaineers%20football%20team | 1908 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
1908 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1908 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1908 college football season. In its first season under head coach Charles Augustus Lueder, the team compiled a 5–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 101 to 29. Mont M. McIntyre was the team captain. | 6,132,960 |
55511277 | Nadia van Dyne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadia%20van%20Dyne | Nadia van Dyne
Nadia van Dyne
Nadia van Dyne is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Mark Waid and Alan Davis, the character first appeared in "Free Comic Book Day 2016 Civil War II" (July 2016).
# Publication history.
Nadia van Dyne briefly had her own comic, "The Unstoppable Wasp", but it was cancelled after eight issues. A second series with the same title debuted in October 2018. This second series was, in turn, cancelled after ten issues.
# Fictional character biography.
Nadia is the child of Hank Pym and his first wife, Maria Trovaya, who was abducted and supposedly killed by foreign agents. Nadia was raised in the Red Room until she obtained | 6,132,961 |
55511277 | Nadia van Dyne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadia%20van%20Dyne | Nadia van Dyne
a Pym Particle sample and escaped. Initially intending to meet her father, Nadia learns that he is more or less dead, and instead uses parts of his costume and other materials to create a Wasp suit, hoping to obtain the admiration of her father's allies. She later meets Janet van Dyne, and they get along quite well, with Janet feeling that she has the potential to become a true hero.
Nadia soon joins the Avengers and gains U.S. citizenship. Upon realizing that S.H.I.E.L.D.'s index of the world's most intelligent people doesn't list any women above 27th place, she starts the program G.I.R.L. (Genius In action Research Labs) to look for women with genius intellects. When choosing a legal name, | 6,132,962 |
55511277 | Nadia van Dyne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadia%20van%20Dyne | Nadia van Dyne
Nadia takes the surname 'van Dyne', as she does not know much about her birth parents and Janet has believed in and supported her.
At one point she aids Scott Lang - who is in outer space at that time - in an attempt to return to Earth, which results in a sequence of bizarre adventures in the microverse. However, in the process, the two of them became quantum-entangled with each other.
In issue 4 of the second series, it's revealed that Nadia has Bipolar Disorder.
# Powers and abilities.
Nadia uses Pym particles to alter her size at will. She has the ability to shrink down to sub atomic size and uses wasp like wings to fly at a tiny size. She also possess Pym Particles in her gauntlets that | 6,132,963 |
55511277 | Nadia van Dyne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadia%20van%20Dyne | Nadia van Dyne
s in a sequence of bizarre adventures in the microverse. However, in the process, the two of them became quantum-entangled with each other.
In issue 4 of the second series, it's revealed that Nadia has Bipolar Disorder.
# Powers and abilities.
Nadia uses Pym particles to alter her size at will. She has the ability to shrink down to sub atomic size and uses wasp like wings to fly at a tiny size. She also possess Pym Particles in her gauntlets that allow her to change the size of people and objects. Nadia is also able to grow in size much like her father and adopted mother, however it is yet known what the limit of this ability is yet.
# External links.
- Nadia van Dyne on the Marvel Wiki | 6,132,964 |
55511529 | 1975 Nicholls State Colonels football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1975%20Nicholls%20State%20Colonels%20football%20team | 1975 Nicholls State Colonels football team
1975 Nicholls State Colonels football team
The 1975 Nicholls State Colonels football team represented Nicholls State University in the 1975 NCAA Division II football season. The Colonels were led by second-year head coach Bill Clements. They played their home games at John L. Guidry Stadium and were a member of the Gulf South Conference. They finished the season 8–2, 7–2 in Gulf South play to finish in first place.
# Previous season.
The Colonels finished the season 5–6, 4–5 in Gulf South play. | 6,132,965 |
55511532 | 1907 West Virginia Mountaineers football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1907%20West%20Virginia%20Mountaineers%20football%20team | 1907 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
1907 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1907 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1907 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Clarence W. Russell, the team compiled a 6–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 236 to 38. Thomas Leahy was the team captain. | 6,132,966 |
55511413 | 2018 Cleveland Indians season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018%20Cleveland%20Indians%20season | 2018 Cleveland Indians season
2018 Cleveland Indians season
The 2018 Cleveland Indians season was the 118th season for the franchise. It was the sixth season under the leadership of manager Terry Francona and third under general manager Mike Chernoff. The Indians played all of their home games at Progressive Field in Cleveland, Ohio. This was the last season in which the Indians logo Chief Wahoo was used on uniforms or on stadium signs. They won their third straight American League Central title before being swept by the defending World Series champion Houston Astros in the 2018 American League Division Series. Due to the Indians losing to the Astros, the Indians became the 5th team in MLB history to have a 70 year title | 6,132,967 |
55511413 | 2018 Cleveland Indians season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018%20Cleveland%20Indians%20season | 2018 Cleveland Indians season
nder general manager Mike Chernoff. The Indians played all of their home games at Progressive Field in Cleveland, Ohio. This was the last season in which the Indians logo Chief Wahoo was used on uniforms or on stadium signs. They won their third straight American League Central title before being swept by the defending World Series champion Houston Astros in the 2018 American League Division Series. Due to the Indians losing to the Astros, the Indians became the 5th team in MLB history to have a 70 year title drought.
# See also.
- List of Cleveland Indians team records
# External links.
- Cleveland Indians 2018 Schedule at MLB.com
- 2018 Cleveland Indians season at "Baseball Reference" | 6,132,968 |
55511554 | 1906 West Virginia Mountaineers football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1906%20West%20Virginia%20Mountaineers%20football%20team | 1906 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
1906 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1906 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Carl Forkum, the team compiled a 5–5 record and outscored opponents by a total of 192 to 74. Thomas Leahy was the team captain. | 6,132,969 |
55511367 | Gervais Kago | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gervais%20Kago | Gervais Kago
Gervais Kago
Gervais Kago (born 19 December 1987 in Bangui, Central African Republic) is a footballer from the Central African Republic who currently plays for Bamboutos FC of the Elite One, the top division of Cameroonian football.
# Simba SC.
Alongside Felix Sunzu, Kago transferred to Tanzanian giants Simba SC in August 2011. However, the midfielder was not allowed to participate in club matches as FIFA approbated a peremptory rule that the Transfer Matching System must be used to record the transfer which did not happen beforehand. By late August, the Tanzania Football Federation secured his International Transfer Certificate through the Transfer Matching System, clearing him to play, serendipitiously | 6,132,970 |
55511367 | Gervais Kago | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gervais%20Kago | Gervais Kago
C.
Alongside Felix Sunzu, Kago transferred to Tanzanian giants Simba SC in August 2011. However, the midfielder was not allowed to participate in club matches as FIFA approbated a peremptory rule that the Transfer Matching System must be used to record the transfer which did not happen beforehand. By late August, the Tanzania Football Federation secured his International Transfer Certificate through the Transfer Matching System, clearing him to play, serendipitiously in time for the Tanzania Community Shield which he participated in.
# International.
Missed the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations qualification group stage clash encountering Morocco after failure to get the plane ticket punctually. | 6,132,971 |
55511569 | 1905 West Virginia Mountaineers football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1905%20West%20Virginia%20Mountaineers%20football%20team | 1905 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
1905 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1905 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1905 college football season. In its first season under head coach Carl Forkum, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 172 to 44. Paul H. Martin was the team captain. | 6,132,972 |
55511167 | 2002–2003 SARS outbreak among healthcare workers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2002–2003%20SARS%20outbreak%20among%20healthcare%20workers | 2002–2003 SARS outbreak among healthcare workers
2002–2003 SARS outbreak among healthcare workers
The rapid spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in healthcare workers (HCW)—most notably in Toronto hospitals—during the global outbreak of SARS in 2002-2003 contributed to dozens of identified cases, some of them fatal. Researchers have found several key reasons for this development, such as the high-risk performances of medical operations on patients with SARS, inadequate use of protective equipment, psychological effects on the workers in response to the stress of dealing with the outbreak, and lack of information and training on treating SARS. Lessons learned from this outbreak among healthcare workers have contributed to newly | 6,132,973 |
55511167 | 2002–2003 SARS outbreak among healthcare workers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2002–2003%20SARS%20outbreak%20among%20healthcare%20workers | 2002–2003 SARS outbreak among healthcare workers
developed treatment and prevention efforts and new recommendations from groups such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
# Background.
SARS spread around the world from the Guangdong Province of China, to multiple locations, like Hong Kong and then Toronto, Canada from 2002-2003. The spread of SARS originated from a doctor residing in a hotel in Hong Kong to other tourists staying in the same hotel, who then travelled back home to locations like Toronto (without knowing that they had the disease). The growing number of cases in Toronto gave HCWs a significant challenge, as they were tasked with stopping the spread of the disease in their city. Unfortunately, this unprepared-for | 6,132,974 |
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challenge led several hospitals in the city and in the surrounding Ontario region to see dozens of cases of SARS arise not only in typical patients but also in HCWs themselves.
Noticing this development, on March 28, 2003, the POC (Provincial Operating Centre) in Ontario established a set of SARS-specific recommendations and suggestions for all hospitals in Toronto in order to guide them on how to best avoid the transmission of SARS among HCWs. They hoped that these initiatives would protect HCWs from the disease, allowing them to continue treating other SARS-infected patients without putting themselves at risk.
A study published in 2006, however, suggests that these directives were not fully | 6,132,975 |
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practiced and/or enforced, causing many HCWs to still get the disease. The study followed 17 HCWs in Toronto hospitals who had developed the disease and interviewed 15 of them about their habits and practices during the time of the outbreak. Specifically, the study involved asking the HCWs questions regarding the amount of training they had received on dealing with SARS cases in a cautionary way, how often they used protective equipment, etc. In the end, results showed that the practices of these HCWs did not fully meet the recommendations set forth by the POC, providing greater evidence that these poor practices (described below) led to the development of the disease in HCWs more than anything | 6,132,976 |
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else.
# Causes of transmission.
## High-risk performance.
Many HCWs became more susceptible to contracting the disease due to their operations and high-risk interactions with SARS patients. Many of these interactions, such as caring for a patient directly or communicating with the patient, create high-risk scenarios in which the HCWs have many ways of becoming infected. There are three main categories of High-Risk Performance: direct contact by patient, indirect contact by patient, and high-risk events.
### Direct contact by patient.
Direct contact and resulting transmission of the disease "occurs when there is physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible person". This | 6,132,977 |
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direct contact can be various types of contact involving blood or bodily fluids, but some SARS-specific examples include when a patient receives supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation with the aid of HCWs. These require the direct contact of a patient with a HCW, making it a viable method of SARS transmission. As direct contact is the most common form of high-risk performance, all seventeen HCWs participating in the study encountered some sort of direct contact with a patient in the 10 days before getting the disease.
### High-risk procedures.
High-Risk Procedures include intentional actions that are taken by the HCW in order to help a patient. They are considered high-risk because | 6,132,978 |
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the chances of a disease being transmitted during these procedures are far greater than typical direct or indirect contact with a patient. While there are myriad high-risk procedures, those that are SARS-specific include intubation, manual ventilation, nebulizer therapy, and several others. As was highlighted in the study, fourteen of the seventeen HCWs taking part in the study were involved in some high-risk procedure in the 10 days before getting the disease.
### Indirect contact by patient.
While direct contact involves the physical contact of two people, indirect contact does not. Instead, indirect contact "occurs when there is no direct human-to-human contact," and it can involve contact | 6,132,979 |
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of a human with a contaminated surface, which are known as fomites. The most plausible cases of transmission through indirect contact are when an HCW or healthy person touches a surface contaminated with droplets from an infected patient's sneeze or cough or inhales those droplets themselves. At the same time, if the droplets come in contact with the healthy person's mouth, eye, or nose, the healthy person also risks becoming ill. Other types of high-risk events include diarrhea and vomiting, which can very easily contaminate a HCW with bacteria or fluid that contains the SARS disease through indirect contact. Regarding coming into contact with contaminated surfaces or fomites, many HCWs had | 6,132,980 |
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habits of wearing jewelry, eating lunch on site or in designated cafeterias, wearing glasses, using makeup, etc., which are all potential new fomites that could foster the transmission of disease. Just like with direct contact, all seventeen HCWs participating in the study encountered some type of high-risk event in the 10 days before getting the disease.
## Equipment inadequacy.
One large guideline for HCWs in Toronto hospitals was the use of sufficient and protective equipment to avoid transmission of the disease. The most widely suggested and used pieces of equipment were masks, gowns, gloves, and eye protection. While these pieces of equipment were used by most HCWs, they were not always | 6,132,981 |
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used—if at all—by everyone, allowing SARS transmission to take place more easily.
### Masks.
Surgical masks were suggested to be used by both HCWs and patients. This is because the specifically recommended type of masks do a good job of preventing one's own bacteria and fluid from escaping into the air—keeping both a patient and a HCW's bacteria and fluid to themselves. Less intentionally but also important, these masks discourage patients and HCWs from putting their fingers or hands in contact with the nose and mouth, which could usually allow bacteria to spread from the hand to these areas. Contrary to popular belief, some types of masks do little to prevent fluid and bacteria from coming | 6,132,982 |
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in contact with the wearer of the mask, but they can still help prevent airborne infection. Therefore, it is important that both the patient and the HCW wear the mask. However, the aforementioned study's results indicate that HCWs wore them much more often than the patients themselves; in fact, fourteen of the HCWS always wore their mask, while only 1 of the patients always wore his/her mask.
### Gowns.
Hospital gowns are another piece of equipment used by HCWs during the outbreak. Used mostly for those who are having trouble changing/moving their lower body, gowns are easy for patients to put on when they are bedridden. They are also helpful for HCWs to attempt to avoid contamination, as | 6,132,983 |
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the gowns can be removed and disposed of easily after an operation or interaction with a patient. While seemingly less critical than masks, gowns were worn nearly the same amount by HCWs as masks.
### Gloves.
Medical gloves, like masks and gowns, also serve the purpose of preventing contamination of disease by blocking contact between the hands and the various bacteria, fluid, and fomites that carry the disease. HCWs can again, like gowns, easily dispose of and change gloves in order to help improve and maintain good sanitary conditions. Compared to all of the other pieces of equipment, gloves were worn the most often by HCWs who contracted the disease.
### Eye protection.
HCWs used and | 6,132,984 |
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continue to use a variety of eye protection, like personal and safety glasses, goggles, and face shields, but most relied on face shields and goggles when dealing with SARS patients. In general, eye protection is most helpful in blocking any harmful particles (in this case bacteria or fluid from a patient) from entering the eye of a HCW. One distinction between eye protection and the other types of equipment, however, is that eye protection is often reusable. This characteristic of eye protection therefore makes understanding the methods used to clean the eye protection equipment a factor when assessing the success of using eye protection to prevent disease transmission. These include how often | 6,132,985 |
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the equipment is cleaned, what is used to clean the equipment, and the location of where the equipment is being cleaned. While nearly all HCWs that contracted the disease reported that they wore some form of eye protection, many of them inadequately washed their eye equipment and did so in a SARS unit.
## Psychological effects.
During outbreaks like the SARS outbreak in 2002-2003, HCWs are put under significantly greater amounts of stress and pressure to help cure patients and relieve them of disease. Because there was no known cure for SARS, the pressure and stress was especially prominent among HCWs. With this challenge came many psychological effects—most notably stress.
Stress was a psychological | 6,132,986 |
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effect experienced by many HCWs during the outbreak. This stress resulted from the fatigue and pressure of having to work longer hours and shifts in attempt to improve the treatment and the containment of the disease. Meanwhile, many HCWs refrained from returning home in between shifts to avoid the possibility of transmitting the disease to family members or others in the community, which only exacerbated the emotional and physical stress and fatigue that the HCWs experienced. Even more, the occupational stress of the HCWs only grew by dealing with sick and often dying patients. This stress has the capability to ease the transmission of the disease, which is a large reason for it being a cause | 6,132,987 |
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of the disease in HCWs. This is because, as HCWs become more stressed and tired, they compromise the strength of their immune system. As a result, HCWs are more prone to actually getting the disease when they encounter certain causes of transmission, like the high-risk performance causes above.
## Lack of information.
### Lack of information about SARS.
The outbreak of SARS involved significant amounts of uncertainty, as the specifics of the disease were unknown and treatment was not properly established at first. More importantly, a cure did not (and still does not) exist, and HCWs and others involved originally knew little about how the disease was transmitted and from where it originated. | 6,132,988 |
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Due to this lack of information, partially coming from the Chinese government's unwillingness to share information on its patients, doctors were not quick to notice and diagnose the disease in its earliest stages, as they were still unsure about the disease's characteristics and origins. These factors collectively allowed the disease to spread much quicker at first, infecting HCWs who knew little about the method of transmission of the disease. They were therefore unable to adequately protect themselves from the disease, and communication surrounding disease treatment and prevention was inhibited by their lack of knowledge.
### Inadequate training for HCWs.
In addition to the POC's release | 6,132,989 |
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of its set of SARS-specific directives in 2003, there was also training that was to be completed by HCWs planning to deal with and care for SARS patients. This training included video sessions and other lessons equipping HCWs for safe interactions with SARS patients. Unfortunately, not all of this training was done—if at all—before HCWs began to interact with SARS patients. Over a third of HCWs never received any type of formal training, and half of those receiving any formal training received it after they had begun to interact with and care for SARS patients. At the same time, many of the HCWs receiving training received it from another HCW, allowing for the possibility of some error in the | 6,132,990 |
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training. Aside from this type of training, many HCWs complained that most efforts—which included only posting informational posters in the wards—were inadequate.
# Prevention and treatment in the future.
After the large outbreak of SARS in 2002-2003, many doctors and organizations, such as the CDC, published a new set of recommendations and guidelines on preventing and dealing with possible outbreaks or cases of SARS in the future. They “revised the draft based on comments received from public health partners, healthcare providers, and others” in November 2003 in order to improve prevention and treatment success throughout the world. The document is divided into several sections, which include | 6,132,991 |
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guidelines targeted specifically towards HCWs (e.g. “Preparedness and Response in Healthcare Facilities”) and other proactive measures directed towards whole communities (e.g. “Communication and Education” and “Managing International Travel-Related Transmission Risk”). Furthermore, each section includes a subsection called “Lessons Learned,” where the CDC explains issues and failures in the topic during the past outbreak so that HCWs and others recognize mistakes and do not make them again. The hope is that HCWs will be able to better prevent the transmission of the disease among themselves but also among others by now having the knowledge and guidelines needed to avoid all of the threats and | 6,132,992 |
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causes explained above that enabled the transmission of the disease among HCWs from 2002-2003.
## Treatment.
There is still no vaccine or cure for SARS, and antibiotics are ineffective for treating SARS because the disease is viral. As a result, the quarantine of infected patients is critical to prevent transmission, and using barrier nursing policies is also important to monitor patients in a safe and sanitary way. Fortunately, various governments, health-focused non-profits, and research groups have been working with the CDC and other organizations to try and successfully find a cure for the disease.
## Prevention.
Because there is no effective cure for SARS yet, types of prevention, including | 6,132,993 |
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sanitary and cautionary methods (e.g. hand-washing and wearing a surgical mask) remain some of the best ways to prevent the spread of the disease. Even more, lessons learned from the 2002-2003 outbreak point out that greater knowledge about the disease and its methods of transmission, better and more effective training for HCWs, and potential stress-reducers for HCWs dealing with SARS patients, will all help prevent the disease from being transmitted to HCWs and others in the future.
# Further reading and external links.
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome: Wikipedia's article on SARS for further information on the symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, history, etc. of SARS in general.
- SARS: | 6,132,994 |
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CDC's main webpage on SARS, including information about the disease, guidelines for treatment and prevention, groups with risk for the disease, etc.
- SARS: LESSONS FROM TORONTO Information on the chronology of the SARS outbreak in Toronto regarding average citizens and HCWs.
- Cluster of Cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Among Toronto Healthcare Workers After Implementation of Infection Control Precautions: A Case Series Full Study referenced in article regarding causes of SARS in Toronto HCWs.
- Public Health Guidance for Community-Level Preparedness and Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) CDC's set of recommendations and guidelines on preventing and dealing with | 6,132,995 |
55511167 | 2002–2003 SARS outbreak among healthcare workers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2002–2003%20SARS%20outbreak%20among%20healthcare%20workers | 2002–2003 SARS outbreak among healthcare workers
ns: A Case Series Full Study referenced in article regarding causes of SARS in Toronto HCWs.
- Public Health Guidance for Community-Level Preparedness and Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) CDC's set of recommendations and guidelines on preventing and dealing with SARS in future that is referenced earlier in the article.
- Transmission (medicine): Wikipedia article that provides more extensive detail on the methods of disease transmission in general; includes but is not limited to information applying to SARS transmission.
- SARS News and Alerts Archive: provides relevant news articles and updates published from 2003-2004 regarding SARS cases that popped up in that time. | 6,132,996 |
55511643 | 1903 West Virginia Mountaineers football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1903%20West%20Virginia%20Mountaineers%20football%20team | 1903 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
1903 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1903 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Harry E. Trout, the team compiled a 7–1 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 146 to 45. The team's only loss was to Ohio State by a 34–6 score. Harry M. Seamon was the team captain. | 6,132,997 |
55511582 | 2007 Skyrunning European Championships | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2007%20Skyrunning%20European%20Championships | 2007 Skyrunning European Championships
2007 Skyrunning European Championships
The 2007 Skyrunning European Championships was the 1st edition of the global skyrunning competition, Skyrunning European Championships, organised by the International Skyrunning Federation and was held in Poschiavo (Switzerland), took place on 10 June 2007, coinciding with the International SkyRace Valmalenco-Valposchiavo, from , Sondrio (Italy) to Valposchiavo, Switzerland.
# Results.
The race of the "International SkyRace Valmalenco-Valposchiavo" (31 km, +1850m/-1800m) was the only competition with 488 athletes who reached the finish line of both sexes and nations (including non-European ones). obviously the medals of the European Championships were | 6,132,998 |
55511582 | 2007 Skyrunning European Championships | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2007%20Skyrunning%20European%20Championships | 2007 Skyrunning European Championships
s, organised by the International Skyrunning Federation and was held in Poschiavo (Switzerland), took place on 10 June 2007, coinciding with the International SkyRace Valmalenco-Valposchiavo, from , Sondrio (Italy) to Valposchiavo, Switzerland.
# Results.
The race of the "International SkyRace Valmalenco-Valposchiavo" (31 km, +1850m/-1800m) was the only competition with 488 athletes who reached the finish line of both sexes and nations (including non-European ones). obviously the medals of the European Championships were awarded by compiling single rankings, male and female, and not including non-European athletes.
# External links.
- International Skyrunning Federation official web site | 6,132,999 |
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