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55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
military forces. It was raised in Scotland, and a company was raised in Ireland. The regiment participated in several Russo-Crimean Wars against the Crimean–Nogai raids. Beginning in 1626, foreign mercenaries were identified by their Russian names and (after converting to Orthodox Christianity) typically received land, serfs, money and clothing.
# Clans.
A number of families of Scottish origin were part of the Russian Empire's landed aristocracy. Two noble families were descended from Clan Ramsay: Ramsay and De Balmen (both counts).
The Leslie family was headed by Alexander Leslie of Auchintoul (died 1663 in Smolensk), a Scottish soldier in the service of the tsar. Leslie commanded Russian | 6,133,500 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
forces during the Siege of Smolensk (1654), one of the first major events of the Russo-Polish War (1654–67), and was descended from Clan Leslie of Auchintoul. The owner of Gorchakov Manor, he was the voivode of Smolensk.
Tam Dalyell of the Binns (1615–1685), a Scottish Royalist general in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms known as "Bluidy Tam" and "The Muscovite De'il", was in Russian service. William Drummond, 1st Viscount Strathallan, Lord Drummond of Cromlix (1617–1688), was a lieutenant-general in the tsar's army.
Several families are descendants of Clan Hamilton. The Gamontovs (or Gamoltovs) are descendants of Petr Gomoltov-Hamilton, an officer of Count Jacob De la Gardie since 1610 who | 6,133,501 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
remained in Russian service after the Battle of Klushino and had several granddaughters. The first (Eudoxia) was an aunt of Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, the Tsaritsa of Russia from 1671–1676 and the second wife of Tsar Alexei I and regent of Russia as the mother of Peter the Great in 1682. The second was a wife of Artamon Matveyev. The best-known was Mary Hamilton (Maria Danilovna Gamil'ton, , died 14 March 1719), lady-in-waiting of Empress Catherine I and mistress of Tsar Peter the Great, who was executed for abortion, infanticide, theft and slander (of Catherine).
The Khomutov family () are descendants of Thomas Hamilton, a soldier who began Russian service in 1542 and arrived in the country | 6,133,502 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
with his son Petr (David). Michail G. Khomutov () was a cavalry general, adjutant general and an earl () of the Don Cossacks in from 1848 to 1862. (1787, Moscow — 1858, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian writer, sister of Michail Khomutov]] and cousin of Ivan Kozlov. The von Fersen family are descendants of the Clan Macpherson, and Baron Vasili Nikolaevich von Fersen (1858–1937) was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy.
The Bruces are descendants of the Clan Bruce. Count Roman Vilimovich Bruce (1668–1720) was the first commander of Saint Petersburg, brother of Jacob Bruce and father of Alexander Romanovich Bruce. Bruce joined Peter the Great's army in 1683, became captain of the Preobrazhensky | 6,133,503 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
Regiment in 1695 and participated in Peter's 1695–6 Azov campaigns.
James Daniel Bruce (, 1669–1735) was a statesman, military leader and scientist descended from the Clan Bruce. According to Bruce, his ancestors had lived in Russia since 1649. He was the brother of Robert Bruce, the first military governor of Saint Petersburg.
Count Yakov Alexandrovich Bruce (1732–1791) was a Russian general. Bruce was a grandson of Lieutenant General Robert Bruce and a great-nephew of Jacob Bruce. His father was Count Alexander Bruce, and Ekaterina Alekseyevna Dolgorukova was his stepmother. Bruce married Praskovia Rumiantseva, sister of General (later Field Marshal) Pyotr Rumyantsev.
Prince Michael Andreas | 6,133,504 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
Barclay de Tolly was a field marshal and minister of war during Napoleon's 1812 invasion and the War of the Sixth Coalition. Prince Alexander Barclay de Tolly-Weymarn (1824–1905) was a Russian regimental, division and corps commander. He was the son of Wilhelm Peter Jost von Weymarn, and the grandson of Kristina Bogdanovna Barclay de Tolly.
The Lermontovs were descendants of George Learmonth (), an ensign in Jacob Shaw's regiment during the Smolensk War (1632–1634). A "Rittmeister" of "Reiters" commanded by Semen Prozorovsky, Learmonth died in battle against soldiers commanded by Field Hetman of Lithuania Krzysztof Radziwiłł in August 1633.
Mikhail Lermontov, of the Learmonth family, can be | 6,133,505 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
traced to George Learmonth. According to his family, George Learmonth descended from the 13th-century Scottish poet Thomas the Rhymer (also known as Thomas Learmonth).
Julia Lermontova (1846–1919), the first female Russian chemist, was the third woman to receive a doctorate in Europe. Lermontova studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin before receiving a doctorate from the University of Göttingen in 1874. She was inducted into the Russian Chemical Society the following year.
, born 27 January 1953 in Pyatigorsk, is a doctor of culturology and was a member of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation from 2014 to 2017.
The Famintsyns are descendants of the Clan MacThomas by Kristof | 6,133,506 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
Tobias Tomson-Hominsky, a soldier in the Russian service. Egor Famintsyn was an ober-commandant of the Petropavlovkaya Fortress, and Andrei Famintsyn () (1835, Moscow – 1918, Saint Petersburg) was a botanist and academician at the Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1884. (1841 — 1896) was a Russian musical writer, critic and musicologist, a professor at Saint Petersburg Conservatory, a pupil of Ignaz Moscheles, Moritz Hauptmann Ernst Richter, and a friend of Alexander Serov.
The Kravtsovs are descendants of Donoghue Macgermerie-Mangarmov, a mercenary who was recruited for Jacob Shaw's regiment. Alexander J. Kravtsov, was an Imperial Army officer during World War I and a commander of the Orenburg | 6,133,507 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
Army's north group in the White movement during Alexander Dutov's revolt against Soviet authorities in Orenburg. He received the Gold Sword for Bravery during World War I on the Eastern Front for valor in 1915.
The Artamonovs were descendants of Art MacKeen-Magin, a soldier in the Polish–Lithuanian service who settled in Russia and became a "pomeschik" in Vologda. His son Ivan was ancestor of Artamonovs. (1840—1918) was a General of the Infantry, a military geodesist and a member of the Russian Astronomical Society.
Charles Cameron (1745–1812) was an architect who had an illustrious career at the court of Catherine II. Cameron, a devotee of early neoclassical architecture, was the chief architect | 6,133,508 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
of Tsarskoye Selo, the Pavlovsk Palace and the adjacent new town of Sophia from his 1779 arrival in Russia to Catherine's death in 1796. Count Andrey Matveyev (1666–1728), whose mother was Scottish, was one of the first Russian ambassadors and Peter the Great's agent in London and the Hague.
The Greig branch ( of Clan Gregor changed its name due to British persecution of the MacGregors after the 16 April 1746 Battle of Culloden. Samuel Greig (), (1735, Inverkeithing, Fife, Scotland – 15 October 1788, Tallinn, Estonia, Russian Empire) was an admiral who distinguished himself in the Battle of Chesma (1770) and the Battle of Hogland (1788). His son, Alexey Greig, also had a career in the Imperial | 6,133,509 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
Russian Navy.
Friedrich von Löwis of Menar (, 6 September 1767, Haapsalu – 16 April 1824) was a lieutenant-general during the Napoleonic Wars. His family (commonly spelled "Lewis" in English) came to Sweden from South Scotland around 1630. By the time of Fedor's birth, his family was established in Livonia. William Fermor was an Imperial Russian Army officer best known for leading his country's army at the Battle of Zorndorf during the Seven Years' War.
The House of Gordon included Patrick Gordon (1635, Auchleuchries, Aberdeenshire, Scotland – 1699, Moscow), a general and rear admiral. Gordon, descended from an Aberdeenshire family who owned a small estate in Auchleuchries (near Ellon, was | 6,133,510 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
connected to the clan's Haddo branch. Alexander Gordon (1670–1752) was a general who fought under Peter the Great from 1696 to 1711 and for the Jacobites in the Jacobite rising of 1715. Gordon is mentioned as "Sandy Don" in the song, "Cam Ye O'er Frae France". He wrote a history of Peter the Great (including a brief account of his own life) which was published in Aberdeen in 1755 and in Leipzig a decade later and is available online. Thomas Gordon (c. 1658–1741) was a commodore of the Royal Scots Navy and an Imperial Russian Navy admiral.
Vasily Heste () (c. 1753 – 1832) was an architect, civil engineer and town planner. Because of his influence at court, Heste's designs for buildings and towns | 6,133,511 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
remain throughout Russia. He built the Blue, Green, Red and Potseluev bridges.
Foma Fomich Mekenzi (1740–1786) was a rear admiral who founded the city of Sevastopol in 1783. Of Scottish Catholic origin from the Clan Mackenzie, he was born in the spring of 1740 (two years after his parents' marriage). MacKenzie was the son of another Thomas MacKenzie (Foma Kalinovich Mekenzi; "son of Colin"), who was also a rear admiral in Russian service. His mother, Ann MacKenzie (née Young), was the granddaughter of Kronstadt governor Thomas Gordon.
# See also.
- Scottish diaspora
- Jacobite risings
- Thirty Years' War
- Highland Clearances
- Lowland Clearances
# Further reading.
- W. Barnhill and | 6,133,512 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
P. Dukes, 'North-east Scots in Muscovy in the seventeenth century' in Northern Scotland, vol. 1, no. 1, 1972
- L. Bittner and L. Gross, Reportorium der diplomatischen Vertreter aller lander, vol. 1, 1648–1715, Oldenburg and Berlin, 1936
- D. Fedosov, The Caledonian Connection, Aberdeen, 1996
- A.F. Steuart, Papers Relating to the Scots in Poland 1576–1793, Edinburgh, 1915
- A. Bieganska, "In Search of Tolerance, Scottish Catholics and Presbyterians in Poland", Scottish Slavonic Review, 17, 1991
- Steve Murdoch, Network North: Scottish Kin, Commercial and Covert Associations in Northern Europe, 1603-1746, Brill, Leiden, 2006,
- David Worthington, British and Irish Experiences and Impressions | 6,133,513 |
55513705 | Scottish Russians | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Russians | Scottish Russians
n Northern Scotland, vol. 1, no. 1, 1972
- L. Bittner and L. Gross, Reportorium der diplomatischen Vertreter aller lander, vol. 1, 1648–1715, Oldenburg and Berlin, 1936
- D. Fedosov, The Caledonian Connection, Aberdeen, 1996
- A.F. Steuart, Papers Relating to the Scots in Poland 1576–1793, Edinburgh, 1915
- A. Bieganska, "In Search of Tolerance, Scottish Catholics and Presbyterians in Poland", Scottish Slavonic Review, 17, 1991
- Steve Murdoch, Network North: Scottish Kin, Commercial and Covert Associations in Northern Europe, 1603-1746, Brill, Leiden, 2006,
- David Worthington, British and Irish Experiences and Impressions of Central Europe, C.1560–1688, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2012 | 6,133,514 |
55514144 | Christopher Tait | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher%20Tait | Christopher Tait
Christopher Tait
Christopher Tait, also known as Tait Nucleus?, is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known as the synthesizer player of the rock band Electric Six. Although he was credited as an associate on "Fire", it wasn't until the band's lineup change in 2002 when he officially joined. His inclusion took the group from a five-piece to a six-piece band, rendering the joke of their name (Electric Six despite only featuring five members) redundant.
# Dubai Bros..
Tait produces remixes under the Dubai Bros.
# Ghost City.
Ghost City was a band featuring Tait on keyboard and vocals. They were active from 2005 until 2007.
They released one album, the self-titled "Ghost | 6,133,515 |
55514144 | Christopher Tait | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher%20Tait | Christopher Tait
City" in 2008.
# Belle Ghoul.
Tait is a founding member of the band Belle Ghoul, started in 2011.
They released their first album "Rabbit's Moon & Doomsday" in 2014.
# Laser Destroyer Team.
Tait is a founding member of the band Laser Destroyer Team, started in 2014, alongside Keith Thompson (aka Smörgåsbord, Electric Six's longest serving bassist), Chad Thompson (who had previously worked with Electric Six on "Heartbeats and Brainwaves" and Shaun Hatton.
The band specifically produce music for video games.
# Passenger Recovery.
Tait founded Passenger Recover as a service that provides resources for people recovering from addiction while on the road. In an interview with "Spill Magazine", | 6,133,516 |
55514144 | Christopher Tait | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher%20Tait | Christopher Tait
Tait explained how the project started: "Passenger Recovery started basically from personal experience. So we bought this house in Detroit where travelling musicians can go to have a sober green room. There is recovery reading, chargers, coffee and most importantly peace and quiet.”
Passenger set out to create that network and provide easy access to the help those in need when their usual support systems are miles and miles away. In an article Tait wrote for the creative collective "Nothing in the Rulebook", he said that he hoped his own personal experiences of addiction would mean the project worked for others finding themselves in a similar situation: "I’m not alone, and much as my ego would | 6,133,517 |
55514144 | Christopher Tait | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher%20Tait | Christopher Tait
his own personal experiences of addiction would mean the project worked for others finding themselves in a similar situation: "I’m not alone, and much as my ego would like me to be the only single “tortured artist” on the planet that’s ever dealt with this, I’m not. We’re everywhere [...] Our hope is to present a united front where artists from all walks of life can stand together to support those who have recognized issues or concerns in their own lives."
Since the project began, a number of other creative artists have become involved or pledged their support to the campaign, including Flogging Molly, Patti Smith, The Sword, the Flint Institute of Arts, Wayne State Press, and Lol Tolhurst. | 6,133,518 |
55514099 | Wing–Allore House | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wing–Allore%20House | Wing–Allore House
Wing–Allore House
The Wing–Allore House is a funeral home located at 203 E. Elm Avenue in Monroe. The house was built as a private home, converted to a funeral home in the 1930s, and remains in business as the Allore Chapel of the Martenson Family of Funeral Homes. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
# History.
Austin Eli Wing was born in 1792 in Conway, Massachusetts, and graduated from Williams College in 1814. Lewis Cass and William Woodbridge convinced Wing to move to the Michigan Territory, where he joined Woodbridge's law firm. He was appointed sheriff of the territory, and served as a delegate from the Michigan Territory to the US House of Representatives | 6,133,519 |
55514099 | Wing–Allore House | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wing–Allore%20House | Wing–Allore House
from 1825–29 and 1831-33. In 1828, Wing purchased the property on which this house now stands. It is uncertain when the house itself was constructed, but it could have been as early as 1829. Wing and his wife Harriet lived in the house until 1844, when they passed it on to their son, Talcott E. Wing. Austin Wing died in 1849.
Talcott E. Wing was born in 1819, and moved with his parents to Monroe in 1829. He graduated from Williams College in 1840, and in 1844, the same year he moved into this house, he was admitted to the bar in Michigan. He ran a law practice from 1849 until about 1857 with Ira R. Grosvenor, and in 1864 was elected probate judge. He was also elected president of the Michigan | 6,133,520 |
55514099 | Wing–Allore House | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wing–Allore%20House | Wing–Allore House
Historical Society in 1888 and 1889. Talcott Wing lived in this house until his death in 1890, and his estate sold in 1892.
Ellen J. Hall owned the house from 1892 to 1899, then sold it to nurseryman Theodore E. Ilgenfritz. Theodore was the son of Israel Ilgenfritz, a Monroe pioneer and nationally known nurseryman who had settled in Monroe in 1847. Theodore was born in 1856, attended Albion College, and married Kate La Fontaine in 1878. He joined his father's firm in 1884. The couple moved into this house in 1899, and lived there until Theodore's death in 1919 and Kate's in 1935.
In 1937, morticians Earle Little and Frank Weber leased the house from the Ilgenfritz estate, renovated the property, | 6,133,521 |
55514099 | Wing–Allore House | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wing–Allore%20House | Wing–Allore House
and at the beginning of 1938 opened a mortuary. Later that year, Frank Weber, Eli Allore, and Gus Beam formed a partnership and purchased the house, reopening as the Allore, Beam and Weber Mortuary. Eli Allore, the driving force behind the firm, was born in 1907, and in 1925 joined Frank Weber's firm of Nadeau and Weber Undertaking. He was elected county coroner in 1932, then in 1933 partnered with Gus Beam. Allore, Beam and Weber Mortuary continued until the early 1940s; Beam left the firm in 1943 and Weber retired in 1945. Allore bought out the other partners, keeping the business in his name. Eli retired in 1973 after a stroke and sold the business to his son Robert Allore. Robert Allore | 6,133,522 |
55514099 | Wing–Allore House | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wing–Allore%20House | Wing–Allore House
operated the business and lived in the apartment above the funeral home with his wife until 1994, when he retired and sold the firm. The Martenson Family Funeral Homes of Trenton, Michigan purchased the house and business in 1994, retaining the Allore name.
# Description.
The original part of the Wing–Allore House, dating from approximately 1829, is a two-story, red brick, gable-front Italianate structure. Smaller additions were built on the side and rear at some point during ht 19th century, and further additions, mostly complementary flat-roofed structures, were added after 1939 when the house was converted to a funeral parlor. The complete structure now encompasses 9190 square feet.
# | 6,133,523 |
55514099 | Wing–Allore House | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wing–Allore%20House | Wing–Allore House
ve the funeral home with his wife until 1994, when he retired and sold the firm. The Martenson Family Funeral Homes of Trenton, Michigan purchased the house and business in 1994, retaining the Allore name.
# Description.
The original part of the Wing–Allore House, dating from approximately 1829, is a two-story, red brick, gable-front Italianate structure. Smaller additions were built on the side and rear at some point during ht 19th century, and further additions, mostly complementary flat-roofed structures, were added after 1939 when the house was converted to a funeral parlor. The complete structure now encompasses 9190 square feet.
# External links.
- Allore Funeral Home/Monroe Chapel | 6,133,524 |
55514120 | Thomas F. Holgate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20F.%20Holgate | Thomas F. Holgate
Thomas F. Holgate
Thomas F. Holgate (April 8, 1859 - April 11, 1945) was a Canadian-born American mathematician and academic administrator. He served as the president of Northwestern University from 1904 to 1906, and from 1916 to 1919.
# Early life.
Thomas F. Holgate was born on April 8, 1859 in Hastings County, Canada. He graduated from the University of Toronto with a bachelor's degree in 1884 and a master's degree in 1889. He earned a PhD in Mathematics from Clark University in 1893.
# Career.
Holgate joined the faculty at Northwestern University in 1893. He served as its president from 1904 to 1906, and from 1916 to 1919.
# Death and legacy.
Holgate died on April 11, 1945. The Thomas | 6,133,525 |
55514120 | Thomas F. Holgate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20F.%20Holgate | Thomas F. Holgate
adian-born American mathematician and academic administrator. He served as the president of Northwestern University from 1904 to 1906, and from 1916 to 1919.
# Early life.
Thomas F. Holgate was born on April 8, 1859 in Hastings County, Canada. He graduated from the University of Toronto with a bachelor's degree in 1884 and a master's degree in 1889. He earned a PhD in Mathematics from Clark University in 1893.
# Career.
Holgate joined the faculty at Northwestern University in 1893. He served as its president from 1904 to 1906, and from 1916 to 1919.
# Death and legacy.
Holgate died on April 11, 1945. The Thomas F. Bennett Library on the campus of Bennett College was named in his honor. | 6,133,526 |
55514166 | Gars | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gars | Gars
Gars
Gars or GARS may refer to:
# Places.
- Gars am Inn, a municipality Bavaria, Germany
- Gars Abbey, a monastery founded in 768 in Gars am Inn
- Gars, Alpes-Maritimes, a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France
- Gars am Kamp, a market town in the district of Horn in Lower Austria
# Other.
- Glycine—tRNA ligase, an enzyme encoded by the GARS gene
- Global Area Reference System, a geospatial reference system for use across the US Department of Defense
# See also.
- Gar (disambiguation) | 6,133,527 |
55514150 | Romesh Weerawardane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romesh%20Weerawardane | Romesh Weerawardane
Romesh Weerawardane
Romesh Weerawardane (born 22 October 1979) is a Sri Lankan chess player. Weerawardane was the first Sri Lankan to be an International Master. Weerawardane competed in two Chess Olympiads in 2010 and 2016, scoring 2/6 and 2.5/10 respectively. He serves as a FIDE Instructor.
Romesh Weerawardane has also represented the national team in the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games in 2013 and 2017. He won the Kalutara International Chess Festival tournament in 2014 and the Sri Lanka Grand Prix in 2016. He was the runner-up to Dulan Edirisinghe in the 2015 Sri Lankan Chess Championship and to Rajeendra Kalugampitiya the following year.
# See also.
- Chess at the 2013 Asian Indoor | 6,133,528 |
55514150 | Romesh Weerawardane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romesh%20Weerawardane | Romesh Weerawardane
s in 2010 and 2016, scoring 2/6 and 2.5/10 respectively. He serves as a FIDE Instructor.
Romesh Weerawardane has also represented the national team in the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games in 2013 and 2017. He won the Kalutara International Chess Festival tournament in 2014 and the Sri Lanka Grand Prix in 2016. He was the runner-up to Dulan Edirisinghe in the 2015 Sri Lankan Chess Championship and to Rajeendra Kalugampitiya the following year.
# See also.
- Chess at the 2013 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
- Chess at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
# External links.
- Profile at Chess World Federation
- Profile
- Profile at ChessGames 365
- Profile at Chess rating | 6,133,529 |
55514148 | Dishui Cave | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dishui%20Cave | Dishui Cave
Dishui Cave
Dishui Cave (), also known as Dishui Hole or Mount Dishui, is a mountain with many caves. It is regarded as a "pearl" of the landscape of Shaoshan. The mountain is the farthest end of the long valley of Shaoshan. The rocks of the valley have been worn into caves by the dripping water of a stream. The caves are close to Dishuidong Mountain, Longtoushan Mountain () on the south, the Huxieping Mountain () on the north and the Niuxingshan Mountain () at the back. There are great varieties of rare trees and flowers, such as azalea, camellia, cymbidium, camphor, cherries, ginkgo and others which are in blossom in different seasons.
# Climate.
Dishui Cave is in the subtropical monsoon | 6,133,530 |
55514148 | Dishui Cave | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dishui%20Cave | Dishui Cave
is the farthest end of the long valley of Shaoshan. The rocks of the valley have been worn into caves by the dripping water of a stream. The caves are close to Dishuidong Mountain, Longtoushan Mountain () on the south, the Huxieping Mountain () on the north and the Niuxingshan Mountain () at the back. There are great varieties of rare trees and flowers, such as azalea, camellia, cymbidium, camphor, cherries, ginkgo and others which are in blossom in different seasons.
# Climate.
Dishui Cave is in the subtropical monsoon climate zone and exhibits four distinct seasons. Its climate characterized by torrid summers, chill winters and high humidity.
# See also.
- Mao Zedong's Former Residence | 6,133,531 |
55514080 | Operation Blue Bird | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation%20Blue%20Bird | Operation Blue Bird
Operation Blue Bird
"For the Indian National Security Forces Operation: Operation Bluebird"
Operation Blue Bird or "Force K" or "Operation K" was carried out by the Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionage (SDECE), a former French intelligence Agency, in 1956 during the second year of the Algerian war of independence. The project, which was devised at the end of 1955 by the General Government of Algeria, aimed to turn several hundred Kabyles against FLN and then transform them into clandestine commandos. The operation entailed the use of outfits and weapons similar to those used by the ALN, the armed wing of the FLN. This group was charged with implementing a real "counter-maquis" | 6,133,532 |
55514080 | Operation Blue Bird | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation%20Blue%20Bird | Operation Blue Bird
in Kabylia called "Blue Bird" or "Force K" as in "Kabyle".
The operation is considered a failure, as during this time it saw the FLN gain increased funds, weapons, and manpower. Operation Blue Bird has was kept secret and is still largely unknown to the public in France and Algeria. Yves Courrière claimed to be the first to reveal it.
# History of the operation.
## Organisation.
The idea of setting up a "counter-resistance" in Kabylie came from Henry Paul Eydoux, a technical advisor to the cabinet of Governor-General Jacques Soustelle. He instructed Gaston Pontal, director of the DST and the Algerian police, to set up the operation. When the Service Action of the SDECE was first suggested | 6,133,533 |
55514080 | Operation Blue Bird | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation%20Blue%20Bird | Operation Blue Bird
to take charge of the "counter-maquis" in coastal Kabylie, the proposal was initially rejected.
Soustelle obtained from General Lorillot, commander of the Tenth Military Region and his 2nd Bureau, an agreement for the launch of a counter-maquis operation. Captain Benedetti of the Operational Intelligence Service (ORS) will be the correspondent. It was decided in the course of its planning in 1955, that the operation would be called "Force K" (like Kabylie). It was later called "Blue Bird 3" and was continued by Governor Lacoste, who succeeded Soustelle. Captain Camous is asked to supervise the practical details of the operation. The latter, with the appropriate mistrust, the result of a long | 6,133,534 |
55514080 | Operation Blue Bird | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation%20Blue%20Bird | Operation Blue Bird
experience of special missions, first left the police departments, manipulators of the undercover agent, the real key to the system.
The inspector of the DST Ousmeur, himself of Kabyle origin, on the order of his hierarchy comes into contact with Tahar Hachiche, one of his "obligés" of Azazga. The latter easily accepts the idea of helping to constitute an anti-FLN maquis in this region where the supporters of the MNA are numerous. It opens with these proposals to Ahmed Zaidat, innkeeper-grocer, well introduced to the population. Apparently interested, the latter is careful not to reveal that he occupies functions in the FLN structure, merely to request a brief period of reflection. In fact, | 6,133,535 |
55514080 | Operation Blue Bird | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation%20Blue%20Bird | Operation Blue Bird
he reports to his friend, garage mechanic Mohamed Yazouren, friend of Said Mohammedi, who encouraged Krim Belkacem reluctant at first. They entrusted him with the organization and responsibility of the maneuver. On the ground, especially in Iflissen, Omar Toumi will take charge of the recruitment, and Mehlal Said is in charge of the recruitment in Azazga region (a stela is erected in Azazga in honor of Mehlal Said and Zaidet Ahmed for their contribution in Operation Blue Bird).
Toumi has all the confidence of Captain Maublanc who commands the Compagnie du 15e BCA, responsible for the sector. The agreement of Zaïdi obtained, Hachiche claims the arms and the promised funds. Algiers immediately | 6,133,536 |
55514080 | Operation Blue Bird | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation%20Blue%20Bird | Operation Blue Bird
executed, the van that delivered the newspaper L'Echo d'Alger brought the first weapons (muskets, Garand, Sten, shotguns), the corresponding ammunition and 2 million francs. Thus, 200 weapons of war are delivered in January 1956, 80 in February-March. The funds allocated by the Governor General amount to 9 million per month.
# External links.
- Le montage de l'affaire K, dite Oiseau Bleu [archive], général Maurice Faivre, etudescoloniales, 27 décembre 2010
# Bibliography.
- Jean Servier, Adieu djebels, Paris, Éditions France Empire, 1958. Témoignage où l'affaire est évoquée, Hentic et Camous étant baptisés « béret rouge » et « béret bleu »
- Camille Lacoste-Dujardin, Opération oiseau bleu. | 6,133,537 |
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éret bleu »
- Camille Lacoste-Dujardin, Opération oiseau bleu. Des Kabyles, des ethnologues et la guerre d'Algérie., La Découverte, 1997, (). Dans un compte rendu dans la revue des Annales, le spécialiste de l'histoire coloniale Jacques Frémeaux déplore que le livre de Camille Lacoste-Dujardin ne présente que « très peu de documents » sur l'opération Oiseau bleu proprement dite
- André-Roger Voisin, INTOX et coups fourrés pendant la guerre d'Algérie, Ed. Cheminements, 2008, ()
- Maurice Faivre, Le renseignement dans la guerre d'Algérie, collection Renseignement, histoire & géopolitique, Édition Lavauzelle, 2006 ()
- Mohamed Salah Essedik, Opération Oiseau bleu, Ed. Dar El Oumma, 2002, () | 6,133,538 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
The Gloucestershire Regiment was formed in 1881 as a line infantry regiment of the British Army, and at the outbreak of World War I it comprised two regular battalions, three territorial battalions, and a reserve battalion. As the war progressed, it raised 18 more battalions, most of them New Army battalions of citizen soldiers answering Lord Kitchener's call to arms. The Battle of the Somme was one of many battles to involve the Gloucestershire Regiment in World War I. It was a major offensive launched on 1 July 1916 by the British Army, with French support, on the River Somme between Montauban in the south and Serre in the north. Initially planned to break | 6,133,539 |
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through the German lines and restore mobile warfare to the Western Front, a stubborn defence by German forces in well-defended positions forced the British into a succession of battles and a lengthy war of attrition that was brought to a halt by bad weather on 18 November 1916.
Nine battalions of the Gloucestershire Regiment serving in six divisions saw action during the Somme offensive. Of this number, two – 1st and 10th Battalions – had already seen action in major battles, but for the remainder, other than trench warfare and raids, it was their first significant experience of battle. 8th Battalion was the first of the Glosters to see action during the offensive when it went into action around | 6,133,540 |
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La Boiselle on the third day, and also the last when it was involved in the capture of Grandcourt on the final day of the offensive. In between, the various battalions of the regiment fought at Contalmaison, Bazentin-le-Petit, Ovillers, Pozières, the Leipzig Redoubt, High Wood, Guillemont, Morval, and on the Ancre. For actions during the offensive, one award of the Victoria Cross (VC), two awards of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO), 29 awards of the Distinguished Conduct Medal, and numerous awards of the Military Cross (MC) and Military Medal (MM) were made to men of the regiment.
# Background.
The Gloucestershire Regiment was formed as a result of the Childers Reforms of 1881, and further | 6,133,541 |
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restructured following the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914 the fighting establishment of the Gloucestershire Regiment comprised two regular and three territorial battalions, supported by a home-based unit, the 3rd (Special Reserve) Battalion, which trained new recruits and fed them into the line battalions During the course of the war the regiment raised an additional 18 battalions, ten of them New Army battalions recruited as a result of Kitchener's call to arms. Of the 24 battalions of the Gloucestershire Regiment, nine saw action in the Battle of the Somme:
Regular army:
- 1st Battalion, 3rd Brigade, 1st Division
Territorial force:
- 1/4th | 6,133,542 |
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Battalion, 144th Brigade, 48th Division
- 1/5th Battalion, 145th Brigade, 48th Division
- 1/6th Battalion, 144th Brigade, 48th Division
New army:
- 8th Battalion, 57th Brigade, 19th Division
- 10th Battalion, 1st Brigade, 1st Division
- 12th Battalion, 95th Brigade, 5th Division
- 13th Battalion, divisional pioneers, 39th Division
- 14th Battalion, 105th Brigade, 35th Division
1st Battalion was deployed to France at the start of the war, and had already seen extensive action. The territorials were deployed to France in March 1915, had served in the trenches and conducted patrols and raids, but had not been involved in any set-piece battles. 8th Battalion arrived in France in July 1915 | 6,133,543 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
and was in reserve during the Battle of Loos, but did not see any action. 10th Battalion arrived in France in August 1915, and had suffered very heavily as one of the assault battalions in the Battle of Loos. 12th Battalion arrived in France in December 1915, but had not been in action. The pioneers of 13th Battalion arrived in France in March 1916. 14th Battalion arrived in France in February 1916, and had been in action in a battalion-sized raid in June, but not in any set-piece battle.
At the Chantilly Conferences of 1915 the allies agreed to a coordinated effort designed to overwhelm the Austro-German defences. Part of this effort involved an Anglo-French offensive on the Somme, though | 6,133,544 |
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the Battle of Verdun denuded French forces to such an extent that the Battle of the Somme became a predominantly British operation. The Somme had been a comparatively quiet sector, allowing the German 2nd Army ample time to prepare a defence in depth consisting of wide belts of wire, trenches, fortified villages and deep dug-outs.
The BEF commander, Sir Douglas Haig, favoured a breakthrough and return to mobile warfare. He planned for the Fourth Army – 25 divisions organised in 5 Corps – to overrun the German front line between Montauban in the south and Serre in the north, and capture the second line along the ridge between Poziéres and Miraumont on the River Ancre. He then hoped to break | 6,133,545 |
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through the second line between Poziéres and Ginchy, capture the German third line in the area Morval–Flers–Le Sars, and threaten Bapaume. General Rawlinson, commanding the Fourth Army, favoured a more limited 'bite and hold' approach based on artillery bombardment and limited tactical advances. The artillery was, however, inadequate to the task, and the first day of the offensive was the bloodiest single day in British military history. Only in the southern sector, at Montauban and Mametz, did the British achieve their first-day objectives, advancing about on a front of some , but Rawlinson did not seize the opportunity to exploit these, and the Somme offensive became a succession of battles | 6,133,546 |
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and a lengthy war of attrition.
# Battle of Albert.
Battalions involved: 8th
The Battle of Albert (1–13 July 1916) was the opening battle of the Somme offensive, and in the Albert–Bapaume road sector 34th Division attacked towards the village of La Boiselle. Although some gains were made along Sausage Valley south of La Boiselle, by the end of the first day the village itself remained in German hands, and the badly mauled 34th was relieved by 19th Division. Congestion caused by the withdrawal of 34th Division delayed 19th Division's deployment, and on 2 July only its 58th Brigade was able to get into action, capturing the western half of the village at 21:00.
In the early hours of 3 July, | 6,133,547 |
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8th Battalion North Staffordshire Regiment and 10th Battalion Worcestershire Regiment, both from 57th Brigade, attacked from the west and north of La Boiselle and with 58th Brigade captured the rest of the village. Shortly after, a German counter-attack regained the eastern end, and the remaining 57th Brigade battalions, 8th Glosters and 10th Battalion Royal Warwickshire Regiment, were sent into the village. As the fighting raged on, the commanders of the other three 57th Brigade battalions became casualties, and the 8th Glosters' commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Adrian Carton de Wiart, assumed control of their commands. The village was finally captured on 4 July, and 8th Battalion was | 6,133,548 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
relieved the next day, having suffered 6 officers killed, 14 wounded and 282 other ranks killed, wounded or missing. For his actions in averting a serious reverse at La Boisselle Lieutenant-Colonel de Wiart, attached to 8th Battalion from the 4th Dragoon Guards (Royal Irish), was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC), which he credited to the 8th, "for every man in the Battalion has done as much as I have". The battalion adjutant, Captain Parkes, was awarded the MC, and Private Lugg was awarded the DCM for rescuing the wounded under heavy fire.
# Battle of Bazentin.
Battalions involved: 1st, 1/4th, 1/5th, 1/6th, 14th
The Battle of Bazentin (14–17 July) was an attack by seven divisions of the Fourth | 6,133,549 |
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Army on the German second line from north of Contalmaison on the left flank to Longueval on the right. On the left of the attack the Reserve Army carried out subsidiary operations around Ovillers to divert attention from Fourth Army's attack. On 14 July, 34th Division advanced to just south of Pozières, and to their right, 1st Division gained ground north of Contalmaison. On the right of 1st Division, 21st Division captured Bazentin-le-Petit Wood and the village beyond, and on the far right flank 18th Division captured Trônes Wood, some south-east of Bazentin le Petit Wood.
The Glosters' 1st Battalion went into the line north-east of Contalmaison overnight on 14–15 July and, discovering that | 6,133,550 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
the ground in front of them was unoccupied, advanced the line some and occupied Contalmaison Villa. On the night of 16–17 July, 1st Battalion was part of an intricate attack by 3rd Brigade that occupied the German front-line and support trenches northwest of Bazentin-le-Petit Wood. Strongpoints were established in the communications trenches that ran between the two former enemy lines, and one of these trenches was renamed Gloster Alley. The attack cost the battalion three killed and 25 wounded.
As 1st Battalion consolidated its position, the regiment's three front-line territorial battalions were moving into the line west of Ovillers, to the west of Bazentin-le-Petit, and first into action | 6,133,551 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
on 16 July was 1/4th Battalion. For the next two days the battalion fought alongside 1/7th Worcesters to capture the German trenches west and northwest of Ovillers, while troops of the 25th Division captured Ovillers itself (on 17 July), at a cost to the 1/4th of 275 casualties. A DSO, two MCs and two DCMs were awarded for acts of gallantry during the fighting.
On 18 July, 35th Division relieved 18th Division at Trônes Wood. The Glosters' 14th Battalion went into the line at the northern end of the wood, and on 19 July it suffered 107 casualties.
# Battle of Pozières.
Battalions involved: 1st, 1/4th, 1/5th, 1/6th, 8th, 10th
## Prelude.
Prior to the Battle of Pozières (23 July–3 September), | 6,133,552 |
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48th Division was engaged in pushing its line forward north and north-east of Ovillers. On 19 July, 1/5th Battalion went into the line north-east of the village, and the next day it was involved in a three-hour attack north-eastwards towards Pozières. The battalion suffered 115 casualties, but failed to gain any ground.
On 20 July, 1/6th Battalion relieved 1/4th Battalion north of Ovillers, and in the early hours of the next morning it attacked the German trenches north of the village. C Company carried its objective and inflicted heavy casualties when the Germans vainly tried to regain their trenches. A Company twice gained its objective, but was twice expelled from it. The leading platoons | 6,133,553 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
of B Company took numerous casualties from machine-guns on both flanks, and the company was unable to reach its objective. Losses to the 1/6th in this action were 11 killed and 92 wounded or missing. In a letter to his mother, now held by the Regimental Museum, Captain L. Cameron Nott, serving with 1/6th Battalion, gives a mournful roll-call of some of the many officers who fell during this period, amongst them Lieutenant Arthur Roughton Smith, to whom he had lent his tunic, who was wounded on 21 July,
Smith, poor fellow, has died of wounds. I passed him on his way down – though hit in seven places, his courage was wonderful. I asked him how he felt & he said with a smile "There is some lead | 6,133,554 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
in me which ought not to be there & I am afraid I have done in your tunic. I am awfully sorry".
## Supporting the assault on Pozières.
The 1st Australian Division assault on Pozières began 00:30 on 23 July. In support on their left flank, 1/5th Battalion attacked north-eastwards from Ovillers along the road/rail link towards Pozières, with 4th Battalion Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry on the Glosters' right. Companies A and C led the battalion, but were quickly spotted and halted by heavy machine-gun and artillery fire. B Company reinforced the assault companies and artillery was called in on the enemy, but the attack failed and at 03:30 the battalion was withdrawn, having lost | 6,133,555 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
8 officers and 148 other ranks.
On the left of the 1/5th, 1/6th Battalion also attacked north-eastwards towards Pozières. The leading platoons of C and D Companies advanced to within of their objective, but were then cut down by machine-gun fire. The supporting troops of D Company could not get through the killing zone, and only six men actually reached the German trenches. All of the officers of C and D Companies became casualties, and only one officer of A Company remained unscathed. The attack had reduced A Company to 42 men, C Company to 29 and D company to 71. On the left of the 1/6th, 1/4th Battalion supported the assault with their own bombing attacks, but the defences were too strong, | 6,133,556 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
and the attacks were halted at 05:00 when it was learned that the 1/6th attack had failed. One MC and four DCMs were awarded to men of 1/6th Battalion, mostly for acts of gallantry in rescuing the wounded.
On the Australians' right flank, 10th Battalion was part of the 1st Division attack on the Switch Line, some east of Pozières. The attack was halted by heavy machine-gun fire from previously undetected positions in the long grass and shell craters behind the German line, although Lt. Brewis was awarded the MC for leading the capture of an enemy advanced post that allowed subsequent observation of the German lines. Some to the right of the 10th, 8th Battalion was part of 19th Division's attack | 6,133,557 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
on the Intermediate Trench. It was stopped by heavy machine-gun fire from High Wood with the loss of 14 officers, including Lieutenant-Colonel de Wiart with a gunshot wound to the neck, and 186 other ranks. CSM Fowles was awarded the MC for gallantry when he assumed command after the loss of all his officers.
Although 1st Battalion was not involved in any attack during the battle, on 24 July it relieved 2nd Battalion Royal Sussex Regiment in the line east of Pozières. The next day the Australians, having captured the village, were subjected to a heavy counter-attack, and flanking fire from the Lewis guns of the battalion helped to break it up. The battalion was itself subject to heavy artillery | 6,133,558 |
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bombardment in this position until it was relieved on the 26th.
## Attacks on the Intermediate Trench.
On 30 July, 57th Brigade again attempted to take Intermediate Trench with an assault by all four battalions. The two right-hand battalions advanced close behind the barrage and succeeded in capturing their half of the objective, but on the left, 8th Battalion and 10th Worcesters were late to advance and were both forced back by machine-gun and sniper fire. In this attack 8th Battalion lost 14 officers – including, for the second time in a week, its commanding officer, Major Lord A.G. Thynne, who had taken over command on 24 July, wounded as he urged his men on – and 160 other ranks.
As the | 6,133,559 |
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Australians pushed on from Pozières to attack Mouquet Farm, 10th Battalion was involved in two further attempts against the Intermediate Trench, on 17 and 19 August, but both attacks failed.
## Subsequent operations by the territorials.
After a three-week rest the territorials returned briefly to the line north of Ovillers on the Australian left flank and continued to press northwards. On 13–14 August, 1/6th Battalion attacked from roughly the positions they had captured on 21 July. The battalion was relieved on 15 August by 1/4th Battalion, which attacked on 16 August with 1/5th Battalion also attacking on their left. All of these attacks were repulsed, with casualties to the 1/4th numbering | 6,133,560 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
some 74 all ranks, while the 1/5th lost 128 all ranks. By the end of 16 August all three territorial battalions were once again out of the line.
On 21 August, 1/4th Battalion relieved 11th Battalion Cheshire Regiment in the line south of the Leipzig Redoubt, preparatory to an assault on the redoubt. Just before 18:00, B and C Companies moved forward, and under cover of an artillery bombardment that commenced at 18:00 they launched their attack. They reached the German wire, and at 18:05, when the barrage lifted to the German second line, they occupied the first line against little opposition. At 18:10 the barrage lifted to the third line, allowing the Glosters to take the second line. Having | 6,133,561 |
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thus reached their objective, A Company followed up and reinforced them. At 20:00 the next day the Germans began shelling the 1/4th positions, and from 22:00 they launched three separate counter-attacks, all of them repulsed. The C Company commander, Major Shellard, was awarded the DSO, and the B Company commander, Captain Wookey, was awarded the MC.
The 1/4th Battalion assault on the Leipzig Redoubt was supported on the right flank by 1/6th Battalion. The battalion had relieved 5th Warwicks on 20 August, and A Company pushed the line forward, but several attempts to continue the advance the next day failed. C Company, supported by D Company, took over from A Company on 21 August, and at 05:00 | 6,133,562 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
the next day a German attack scattered one platoon of C Company and forced the Glosters back to the trenches they had taken over from the Warwicks two days previously. By 17:00, D Company had regained most of the ground lost by C Company, sometimes at the point of a bayonet. Four attempts were then made to dislodge the Glosters, all of them repulsed, and in the early hours of 23 August a patrol found all enemy trenches to the battalion's front had been abandoned. Two MCs and three DCMs were awarded as a result of this action.
On 27 August, 1/5th Battalion launched the territorial's final attack of the Battle of Pozières alongside 1/4th Battalion Royal Berkshire Regiment. B and C Companies attacked | 6,133,563 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
across open ground up Nab Valley, south-west of Pole Trench, under cover of an artillery bombardment which some of the men of C Company ran into in their haste. Meanwhile, A Company advanced onto the objective via a communications trench, and was the only company to encounter any serious opposition. About 50 enemy were taken prisoner and an estimated 200 killed and wounded for the loss to the battalion of 6 officers and 108 other ranks. The MC was awarded to three men, and the DCM to one.
# High Wood.
Battalions involved: 1st, 10th
High Wood, north east of Bazentin, was abandoned by the Germans on the first day of the Battle of Bazentin, but the British failure to occupy it allowed the Germans | 6,133,564 |
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to return. The wood was subject to numerous subsequent attacks, but was not taken until 15 September.
1st Battalion spent a week in the line near High Wood at the end of August during which time it endured the most intense shelling it experienced in the whole war. After three days the trenches were practically obliterated, forcing the men into the shell holes in front of them, and by the time the battalion was relieved on 28 August it had lost 46 killed and 141 wounded. The battalion returned to the line in front of High Wood on 8 September, and at 18:00, with 2nd Battalion Welch Regiment on their right and 9th Battalion Black Watch on their left, attacked into the wood. One platoon of A Company | 6,133,565 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
was practically wiped out before the company reached the German second line, and on its right fierce fighting severely weakened B Company before it was eventually able to join A Company. Companies C and D following in support took many casualties, and only a few of these men made it to the objective unwounded. As it consolidated its gains the battalion continued to take casualties, and heavy shelling also took a toll of the wounded making their way back to the rear lines. Lacking reinforcement, the survivors were ordered to withdraw, and by 22:00 they were back in their original trenches, from which, at 03:00 on 9 September, they repulsed a German counter-attack. Casualties to the battalion | 6,133,566 |
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in the action around High Wood were 5 officers killed and 8 wounded – amongst whom was the commanding officer Lieutenant-Colonel Pagan – and 84 other ranks killed and 122 wounded, leaving the battalion with just 4 officers and 96 other ranks fit for duty.
Later on 9 September, 10th Battalion was attached to 3rd Brigade and ordered to make another attempt on High Wood. The assaulting companies, C and D, were rushed into position with insufficient time to plan, and as soon as they entered the western edge of the wood they were subjected to heavy bombing and enfilade machine-gun fire and forced to fall back. The action cost the battalion 122 casualties.
# Battle of Guillemont.
Battalions involved: | 6,133,567 |
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12th
The village of Guillemont lay on the British right flank, close to the boundary with the French Sixth Army. The British Fourth Army had advanced close to the village in mid July during the Battle of Bazentin, but although several attacks in July and August pushed the front line closer to the village, it remained in German hands until it finally fell to the British 20th Division on 3 September during the Battle of Guillemont (3–6 September).
12th Battalion had experienced its first significant combat of the war during the Somme offensive when, on 29 July, B and C Companies participated in an attack near Longueval, about north-west of Guillemont. On 3 September the battalion was in action | 6,133,568 |
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again, alongside 1st Battalion Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, attacking on the right flank of 20th Division's assault on the village. The attack succeeded in occupying the German second line from Wedge Wood to the southeastern edge of Guillemont, but 13th Brigade's attack against Falfemont Farm on the Glosters' right had stalled, and enfilading fire from enemy machine-guns there accounted for 328 casualties amongst the 12th. The farm was eventually captured on 5 September, and on that day 12th Battalion pushed on to Leuze Wood, nearly east of Guillemont, completing an advance of by 95th Brigade during the battle. Eight awards of gallantry were awarded as a result of the battle; the MC to | 6,133,569 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
2nd Lt. Fitzgerald for conspicuos gallantry in assuming command after all remaining officers of the four assaulting companies became casualties, and seven Military Medals (MM).
# Battle of Morval.
Battalions involved: 12th
On the night of 6–7 September, 5th Division was relieved and brought back up to strength. It returned to the line between Ginchy and Morval on 18 September, in preparation for the Battle of Morval (25–28 September), and its 95th Brigade dug trenches on the newly captured ground immediately north of Bouleaux Wood. On their right, the 56th Division occupied Bouleaux Wood and the ground further south around the village of Combles.
On 25 September, 56th Division attacked from | 6,133,570 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
Bouleaux Wood towards Combles. On their left, 1st Battalion East Surrey Regiment and 1st Battalion Devonshire Regiment led 95th Brigade's attack towards Morval, and on their left was the 1st Cheshires of 15th Brigade. The East Surreys and Devonshires were supported by the Glosters' 12th Battalion and 2nd Battalion King's Own Scottish Borderers (KOSB). The 56th Division attack was held up by machine-gun fire from a railway embankment north of Combles, which also caught the East Surreys in their right flank and halted their progress. The Devonshires, meanwhile, had looped left and were attacking a strong-point on the Ginchy–Morval road. In the afternoon, 12th Glosters and 2nd KOSB pushed on and | 6,133,571 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
took the southern half of Morval, and just after 15:00 1st Cheshires rushed the northern half. The capture of Morval and the French capture of Fregicourt, east of Combles, had rendered the German position in Combles untenable, and the village was captured on 26 September.
# Operations on the Ancre.
Battalions involved: 8th, 13th
The pioneers of 13th Battalion were in action on 3 September when C Company supported the 39th Division advance up the Ancre valley in the area of Beaumont Hamel, on the northern flank of the Somme offensive. During the Battle of the Ancre Heights they were called upon to construct a communication trenches; on 14 October after 118th Brigade had captured the northern | 6,133,572 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
face of the Schwaben Redoubt, and again on 21 October following a 116th Brigade attack on Stuff Trench. On 22 October, 19th Division moved to the Ancre sector to relieve the 25th Division, and two days later 8th Battalion moved into the front line around Stuff Redoubt. They were heavily shelled the next day, and on 26 October the commanding officer, Lt. Col. Carton de Wiart VC DSO, was again wounded.
On 13 November, the opening day of the Battle of the Ancre, the pioneers were involved in the repair of the Hamel–St. Pierre Divion road following an advance by 39th Division. At 06:10 on 18 November, the last day of the Battle of the Somme, 8th Battalion advanced through sleet with a company from | 6,133,573 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
10th Battalion Royal Warwickshire Regiment across Battery Valley and into the south-western end of Grandcourt, though they were forced to abandon the village the next day. Casualties to the battalion numbered 12 officers and 283 other ranks. As a result of this action three MCs, three DCMs, and seven MMs were awarded.
# After the Somme.
The Somme offensive ended with bad weather on 19 November. The British had seized a strip of territory approximately wide by deep, but their front line was still from Bapaume. The offensive had relieved the pressure on the French at Verdun, degraded the strength and morale of the German forces, and forged Britain's citizen army into a more formidable fighting | 6,133,574 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
force. Before the offensive had even ended, the Germans began construction on new defensive positions, the Hindenburg Line, to the rear, to which they started withdrawing in March 1917.
There are no casualty figures specific to the Somme for the regiment, but the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) lists nearly 1800 deaths for Gloucestershire Regiment in France between 1 July and 18 November 1916. In addition to Lt-Col de Wiart's award of the VC, the DSO was awarded to two men of the regiment and the DCM to 29 for their actions during the offensive.
It had been agreed in November that the British Fourth Army would take over the French Sixth Army's positions between Péronne and Roye, | 6,133,575 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
south of the Somme, and by February 1917 the territorials of 1/4th and 1/6th Battalions were in the front line north of Barleux, with 1/5th Battalion in reserve at Flaucourt. To their right, 1st Division, with 1st and 10th Battalions, took up positions south of Barleux. 8th Battalion spent the rest of 1916 out of the line at Gézaincourt, Beauval and Bayencourt, with spells in the trenches around Hébuterne and Courcelles in January and February 1917. In early October, 12th Battalion went with the 5th Division to the First Army on the Bethune front, and in March 1917 they were transferred again, to the Canadian Corps on the Vimy front. In November, 13th Battalion went with 39th Division to Ypres. | 6,133,576 |
55514019 | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucestershire%20Regiment%20on%20the%20Somme | Gloucestershire Regiment on the Somme
arleux. 8th Battalion spent the rest of 1916 out of the line at Gézaincourt, Beauval and Bayencourt, with spells in the trenches around Hébuterne and Courcelles in January and February 1917. In early October, 12th Battalion went with the 5th Division to the First Army on the Bethune front, and in March 1917 they were transferred again, to the Canadian Corps on the Vimy front. In November, 13th Battalion went with 39th Division to Ypres. At the end of August, 14th Battalion went with 35th Division to the Third Army on the Arras front, and in February 1917 they were transferred again, to the Fourth Army to relieve the French 154th Division around Chaulnes and Chilly, over southwest of Barleux. | 6,133,577 |
55514215 | Middlesex Greenway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middlesex%20Greenway | Middlesex Greenway
Middlesex Greenway
The Middlesex Greenway may refer to:
- The Middlesex Greenway (Middlesex), United Kingdom
- The Middlesex Greenway (New Jersey), United States | 6,133,578 |
55514156 | Apirat Kongsompong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apirat%20Kongsompong | Apirat Kongsompong
Apirat Kongsompong
Apirat Kongsompong (; ; born 23 March 1960) is the Commander in Chief of the Royal Thai Army effective 1 October 2018. He previously served as Assistant Commander in Chief from October 2017 to September 2018 and the Commanding General of the 1st Army Area from October 2016 to September 2017. General Apirat Kongsompong also serves as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Government Lottery Office, and was formerly an Independent Director at Bangchak Petroleum Public Co., and a member of the National Legislative Assembly.
# Early life.
Apirat was born in Bangkok on 23 March 1960. He is the eldest son of General Sunthorn Kongsompong, the former Supreme Commander of the | 6,133,579 |
55514156 | Apirat Kongsompong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apirat%20Kongsompong | Apirat Kongsompong
Royal Thai Armed Forces, and Khunying Orachorn Kongsompong. He completed his primary and part of secondary education at St. Gabriel's College. He later attended the Armed Forces Academies Preparatory School (Class 20) and went on to attend Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy (Class 31) where he graduated in 1985.
# Education.
- Saint Gabriel's College
- Armed Forces Academies Preparatory School (Class 20)
- Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy (Class 31)
- Master of Business Administration, Southeastern University Washington DC., USA.
- Command and General Staff College (Class 73)
- Joint Staff College (Class 47)
- National Defence College (Class 57)
# Career.
General Apirat received | 6,133,580 |
55514156 | Apirat Kongsompong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apirat%20Kongsompong | Apirat Kongsompong
a commission as an army officer upon graduation from Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy in 1985. He served as a pilot at the Army Aviation Center at the beginning of his military career. He completed UH-1H Maintenance/Test Pilot Training at Fort Eustis, Virginia, USA. He also completed the AH-1H (Cobra) Pilot Training Course at Fort Rucker, Alabama, USA. Apirat is also a graduate of Infantry Officer Advanced Course at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. In October 1990, Apirat was appointed Assistant Logistics Officer at the Royal Thai Army Defense Attache Office in Washington D.C.
General Apirat commanded 2nd Battalion, 11th Infantry Regiment, King's Guard in Bangkok. He went on to command 11th | 6,133,581 |
55514156 | Apirat Kongsompong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apirat%20Kongsompong | Apirat Kongsompong
Infantry Regiment King's Guard. He served as the Commanding General of 11th Infantry Division in Chachoengsao Province. He went on to serve as the Commanding General of 15th Military Circle in Petchaburi Province. Apirat commanded 1st Division, King's Guard in Bangkok. He was later appointed the Commanding General of 1st Corps in 2015. In 2016, General Apirat was appointed the Commanding General of the 1st Army Area.
Apirat's key staff assignments include Combat Intelligence Assistant Staff Officer, 1st Division, King's Guard; Assistant Director of Planning Section, 1st Corps; Civil Affairs Staff Officer, 1st Division, King's Guard; Chief of Staff, 11th Infantry Regiment, King's Guard; Executive | 6,133,582 |
55514156 | Apirat Kongsompong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apirat%20Kongsompong | Apirat Kongsompong
Officer, 11th Infantry Regiment, King's Guard; Division Chief of Staff, 1st Division, King's Guard; Deputy Commanding General, 1st Division, King's Guard; and Deputy Commanding General, 1st Army Area.
Apirat's deployment experience includes anti-communist operations in 1986. He served as the Commander of Task Force 14 which conducted counter-insurgency operations in Yala Province in 2004.
Apirat is associated with the military clique "Wong Thewan", in turn associated with the 1st Division, the King's Guard. While Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha and his deputy, Prawit Wongsuwon are members of the rival 2nd Division clique, "Burapha Phayak" ('tigers of the east'), Apirat is known to have close | 6,133,583 |
55514156 | Apirat Kongsompong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apirat%20Kongsompong | Apirat Kongsompong
of the east'), Apirat is known to have close ties with them.
Barely a month into his tenure as army chief, Apirat created a media firestorm with his comments on the necessity for military intervention in Thai politics should turmoil surface.
# Awards and decorations.
- Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Most Noble "Order of the Crown of Thailand"
- Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of the Most Exalted "Order of the White Elephant"
- Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of the Most Noble "Order of the Crown of Thailand"
- Companion (Third Class, Lower grade) of the Most Illustrious "Order of Chula Chom Klao"
- Chakrabarti Mala Medal - Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Civil) | 6,133,584 |
55514193 | Robert Fisher (university president) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Fisher%20(university%20president) | Robert Fisher (university president)
Robert Fisher (university president)
Robert Fisher (born c. 1948) is an American academic administrator. He serves as the president of Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.. He is one of the highest paid university presidents in the United States.
# Early life.
Robert Fisher was born circa 1948 in Blytheville, Arkansas. He graduated from Henderson State University, where he earned a bachelor of science in business administration. He subsequently earned a master in business administration from the University of Memphis, and a PhD from the University of Arkansas.
# Career.
Fisher was the dean of the Henderson State University School of Business. He was the vice president of Arkansas | 6,133,585 |
55514193 | Robert Fisher (university president) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Fisher%20(university%20president) | Robert Fisher (university president)
State University.
Fisher has served as the president of Belmont University since 2000. During his tenure, Fisher expanded the student body beyond the traditional pool of local residents. Enrollment also went from under 3,000 to over 8,000 between 2000 and 2017. He also oversaw the construction of the Curb Event Center and Beaman Student Life Center, the Gordon E. Inman Center, the Troutt Theater complex, and McWhorter Hall. In 2010, when a lesbian soccer coach was let go shortly after coming out, Fisher said sexual orientation was irrelevant to Belmont's decision to fire or hire faculty and staff, and that gay and lesbian students were "welcome" on campus.
Fisher is one of the highest paid | 6,133,586 |
55514193 | Robert Fisher (university president) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Fisher%20(university%20president) | Robert Fisher (university president)
etween 2000 and 2017. He also oversaw the construction of the Curb Event Center and Beaman Student Life Center, the Gordon E. Inman Center, the Troutt Theater complex, and McWhorter Hall. In 2010, when a lesbian soccer coach was let go shortly after coming out, Fisher said sexual orientation was irrelevant to Belmont's decision to fire or hire faculty and staff, and that gay and lesbian students were "welcome" on campus.
Fisher is one of the highest paid university presidents in the United States. He earned $2,120,091 in 2016.
# Personal life.
Fisher has a wife, Judy, with whom he has co-authored a book. He serves on the board of directors of the National Museum of African American Music. | 6,133,587 |
55514236 | Department of Women Affairs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Department%20of%20Women%20Affairs | Department of Women Affairs
Department of Women Affairs
Department of Women Affairs is a government department responsible for the welfare of women in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The department is head by Director General Shahin Ahmed Chowdhury.
# History.
The government of Bangladesh founded the Department of Women Affairs on 18 February 1972. The department is under the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs. The center founded a national helpline to prevent violence against women. National Trauma Counselling Centre is located at the headquarters of the building. The department runs 43 day care centres throughout Bangladesh. | 6,133,588 |
55514264 | Middlesex Greenway (Middlesex) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middlesex%20Greenway%20(Middlesex) | Middlesex Greenway (Middlesex)
Middlesex Greenway (Middlesex)
The Middlesex Greenway is a long-distance walking route along the western and northern edges of the historic county of Middlesex, in the United Kingdom.
The route is 45 miles long and was devised by Stephen Collins, who walked it over two days in 1990.
The trailheads are:
- Staines-upon-Thames
- North of Enfield Lock
# References.
- UK Trailwalkers Handbook, p77
# External links.
- Middlesex Greenway on "WildþingUK"
- Long Distance Walkers Association: The Middlesex Greenway | 6,133,589 |
55514185 | Theatron-Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theatron-Festival | Theatron-Festival
Theatron-Festival
The admission-free "Theatron" music festival in Munich has been held since the early 1970s and attracts more than 100,000 visitors annually. With the "MusicSommer" program in August 2000, the event achieved an entry in the 2002 Guinness World Records as the "longest continuous music open air festival in the world".
# Venue.
The festival is held at the Seebühne, which rises slightly to the west of the swimming pool in the lake of the Munich Olympic area. About 5,000 visitors can sit on the steps of the quarter-round amphitheater and the adjacent grass slopes, and can view the round concrete platform with a diameter of 20 meters and an area of 280 square meters. Due to the | 6,133,590 |
55514185 | Theatron-Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theatron-Festival | Theatron-Festival
similar construction style of the ancient Greek theaters, the stage and event also received their names.
# History.
The actual initiator of the music event was Jürgen Birr aka "Anurakta", on his part a Sannyasa-follower, who already in the summer 1973, one year after the 12. Olympic summer games, sporadically brought musicians to the sea stage in the Olympiapark for the first time. The audience therefore, for a long time, came from the hippie and Bhagvan movement. In 1974, Birr organized the first open-air "Theatron" concert with Artur Silber, a drummer of a band called Sonnenschiff and later in Central Park, together with the Jugendkulturwerk München and Einberg Musik Motor on 23 June with | 6,133,591 |
55514185 | Theatron-Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theatron-Festival | Theatron-Festival
the band Sahara.
# Development.
The first concerts were still performed on the empty concrete surface. Over the years, a mobile stage system for the artists with a roof was added and the equipment became more professional. In addition to the interpreters, who mostly came from the regional area, often also young talents, the "Theatron" presents more and more known celebrities, some of which were originally relatively unknown when they first performed there. Some of the best known performers of the "Theatron" include Scorpions, Eisbrecher, Sportfreunde Stiller, Culcha Candela, Mic, Etta Scollo, Bananafishbones, Megaherz, Fury in the Slaughterhouse, Christoph Weiherer, Passport, Emil Bulls, Pussybox | 6,133,592 |
55514185 | Theatron-Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theatron-Festival | Theatron-Festival
, Ougenweide and Killerpilze. In 2004, Artur Silber handed over the event management to today's organizers Judith Becker and Antonio Seidemann, founder of EurArt.
As early as the beginning of the 1990s, the Theatron concerts, still known as "Theatron Rocksommer", took place all-day on Sunday. Through the changes in concept and the renaming to "Theatron MusikSommer" that all changed. The "Theatron" today is organized by the ARGE Theatron MusikSommer, which, in addition to the EurArt Festiviteitung, which takes place in alternating compilations of various free-lancers, commercial and communal organizers, including the Kulturreferat, the Youth Office, the Streetworkers, the Celebration Society, | 6,133,593 |
55514185 | Theatron-Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theatron-Festival | Theatron-Festival
the Rock House Association and the Media Center Munich of the JFF Institute. In addition to the support of the Munich Olympiapark GmbH, the event is also supported by other sponsors.
The audience of the "Theatron" has long been composed of all population groups and age groups. Many visitors still bring their own beverages and food, even though mobile beer vendors accompany the event. For noise reasons the music events end at 10 pm and the average sound level on the mixing console is 90 dB(A).
At the Musiksommer 2015, for security reasons, the 60 centimeter raised dance floor in front of the stage was blocked off.
# Theatron MusikSommer.
Probably since 1996 the actual series of events has | 6,133,594 |
55514185 | Theatron-Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theatron-Festival | Theatron-Festival
been called "Theatron MusicSommer". The event takes place relatively simultaneously to the adjacent impark summer festival. For about a month, bands or singers of different musical genres and other artists perform every evening. Short films and other cultural programs also fill the stage program.
# Theatron PfingstFestival.
The three-day Pentecost festival has supplemented the summer event since the year 2000. In 2007 it was supported for the first time by the BR-Jugend- und Szenemagazin Zündfunk and belonged to the Bavarian Open, which were then replaced by on3 (since 2013 pulse). In 2014, the event took place from 23 to 25 May, ie around 14 days before the Pentecost weekend. Among the participants | 6,133,595 |
55514185 | Theatron-Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theatron-Festival | Theatron-Festival
every evening. Short films and other cultural programs also fill the stage program.
# Theatron PfingstFestival.
The three-day Pentecost festival has supplemented the summer event since the year 2000. In 2007 it was supported for the first time by the BR-Jugend- und Szenemagazin Zündfunk and belonged to the Bavarian Open, which were then replaced by on3 (since 2013 pulse). In 2014, the event took place from 23 to 25 May, ie around 14 days before the Pentecost weekend. Among the participants were Gin Ga, Aloa Input, Matteo Capreoli, Farewell Dear Ghost, and Jesper Munk, who had already performed at the MusikSommer 2013.
# External links.
- Official Website
- Bill archive starting in 2000 | 6,133,596 |
55514226 | Wilful Murder (short story) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilful%20Murder%20(short%20story) | Wilful Murder (short story)
Wilful Murder (short story)
"Wilful Murder" is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and features the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was first published as the fifth part of the collection "The Amateur Cracksman", published by Methuen & Co. Ltd in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New York, both in 1899. This and "Le Premier Pas" were the two stories in the collection not published previously in magazine format.
# Plot.
Raffles and Bunny have just returned from Ireland, and Bunny anxiously waits in his rooms for Raffles to sell the emeralds they have stolen to Baird, a moneylender who is Raffles's fence. Raffles arrives, having sold | 6,133,597 |
55514226 | Wilful Murder (short story) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilful%20Murder%20(short%20story) | Wilful Murder (short story)
the emeralds; however, Baird seems to have deduced that the disguised Raffles is actually a gentleman. Baird secretly followed Raffles back to his artist's studio, though Raffles has shaken him off. Raffles and Bunny leave to the Albany.
On the way, in Bond Street, they pass by Jack Rutter, an unfortunate drunkard who Baird has ruined financially.
Shortly after, Raffles and Bunny dine at a club. While in the smoking room, Raffles contemplates murder. Raffles explains to Bunny that he had lied earlier; Baird had, in fact, followed them to the Albany, and now knows Raffles's secret. Raffles decides that Baird must be silenced. Bunny abhors murder, but resolves to go with Raffles to Baird.
After | 6,133,598 |
55514226 | Wilful Murder (short story) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilful%20Murder%20(short%20story) | Wilful Murder (short story)
another stop at the Albany, Raffles and Bunny take a train and walk to Baird's house in Kensal Rise. The house is highly barricaded. Raffles covers the spikes of a gate with corks and his coat, and both he and Bunny climb over. They see a light inside the house, and hear stairs creak. With Bunny's assistance, Raffles silently cuts open the glass door using a diamond, treacle, and brown paper. Using the hole, Raffles turns the door's key and draws the bolt. They enter; instantly, Raffles almost trips over something. A gaslight reveals the dead, blood-soaked body of Baird. Raffles and Bunny are shocked. Then, Bunny remembers the light from earlier. They go upstairs to search for the culprit. Raffles | 6,133,599 |
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