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55514078 | Remote sensing (geology) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Remote%20sensing%20(geology) | Remote sensing (geology)
the area through synoptic studies of the area of interest. The spectral vision allows identification of rock attributes for surficial mapping. The resolution however controls the accuracy.
There is a trade-off between spatial resolution and spectral resolution. Since the intensity of incident ray is fixed, for a higher spectral resolution, it is expected to have a lower spatial resolution (one pixel represent larger area) to maintain an up-to-standard signal-to-noise ratio for analysis. Also, the data volume for transmission is limited due to signal engineering problem. One can never obtain data with maximum resolutions in all spatial, spectral and radiometric resolutions due to these constraints. | 6,133,800 |
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The temporal resolution could be understood as both the revisiting frequency and the deformation duration. For instance an instantaneous landslide or sinkhole collapse could hardly be recorded without high speed camera, while relics could be imaged into time-series where the temporal change, for instance ice calving could be revealed.
Another deficiency is the inconsistent data acquisition method, plus their interpretation schemes. As a result, an ideal database is hardly feasible because of dynamic environmental conditions in different locality. Instead, repeated reconnaissance is suggested for studying a specific area.
Field observation and reconnaissance remains irreplaceable and shall | 6,133,801 |
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never be taken over completely by remote sensing because field data greatly support remote sensing data interpretation. Remote sensing should better be considered to be complementary which aims to provide instantaneous views of different scale, perspective or spectral vision. Subsurface mapping by Geophysical survey and simulation models still play an important role in the 3 dimensional characterization of soil underground. A word of caution is that there is no such an ‘ideal’ sensor capable or optimized to study everything. It is often up to scientist's preference and experience to pick which dataset and extract information. For instance aerial photographs could be more sensible in cloud-free | 6,133,802 |
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area, but otherwise radar may perform better for overcast weather.
# Geological mapping.
Remote sensing can aid surficial geological mapping and landform characterization.
## Spectral features.
The visible and near infrared (VNIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) are sensitive to intra-atomic electronic transitions and inter-atomic bond strength respectively can help mineral and rock identifications.The instrument in use is called spectroradiometer in lab and imaging spectrometer or multi-/ hyper-spectral scanner as imaging remote sensors. Provided that the land is not obscured by dense vegetation, some characteristics of superficial soil (the unconsolidated sedimentary materials covering the | 6,133,803 |
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land as surficial deposits from weathering and erosion of bedrock) may be measured with a penetration depth into air-soil interface of about half of wavelength used (e.g. green light (~0.55 micro-meters) gives depth of penetration into ~0.275 micro-meters). Hence most remote sensing systems using the VNIR wavelength region give characteristics of surface soil, or sometimes exposed rock. Another parameter controlling the overall reflectance is surface roughness. The same surface can appear rough in VNIR may appear smooth in microwave, similar to what we perceive when we use a meter rule to measure roughness where surface fluctuation are in cm-scale. As grain size decreases, surface roughness | 6,133,804 |
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increases and hence overall reflectance increases as diffuse reflection, instead of specular reflection, dominates. Specular reflection by smooth surface, for example calm water, gives little backscattering and hence appear dark. As an example, ice is mostly transparent in a large piece but becomes highly reflective when smashed into small grains.
### Mineral and rock.
In lithological composition studies, lab and field spectroscopy of proximal and remote sensing can help. The spectral reflectance data from imaging spectrometry employing short wavelength, for example form Airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS), provide chemical properties of the target object. For instance, | 6,133,805 |
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the iron content, which is indicative of the soil fertility and the age of sediment, could be approximated. For soil with high iron oxide, which is red in colour, should give higher reflectance in red wavelength portion and diminishes in blue and green. There may also be absorption at 850-900 nm. The Redness Index and absorption area in 550 nm in spectral reflectance curve are examples to quantify iron content in soil.
To identify mineral, available spectral reflectance libraries, for instance the USGS Spectral Library, summarize diagnostic absorption bands for many materials not limited to rocks and minerals. This helps create a mineral map to identify the type of mineral sharing similar spectra, | 6,133,806 |
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with minimal in situ field work. The mineralogy is identified by matching collected sample with spectral libraries by statistical method, such as partial least squares regression. In addition to high signal-to-noise ratio (40:1), a fine spatial resolution, which limits the number of elements inside one single pixel, also promotes decision accuracy. There are also digital subpixel spectral unmixing tools available. The USGS Tetracorder which applies multiple algorithms to one spectral data with respect to the spectral library is sensitive and give promising results. The different approaches are summarized and classified in literature but unfortunately there is no universal recipe for mineral | 6,133,807 |
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identification.
For rocks, be they igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic, most of their diagnostic spectral characteristics of mineralogy are present in longer wavelength (SWIR and TIR), which is for example present in the ASTER mission. This is due to the sensitivity of vibrational bands of longer wavelength. As opposed to the automatic statistical interpretation mentioned above for minerals, it is more advisable to adopt visual interpretation for identification of rock because the surficial alteration of rock may exhibit very different spectral responses.
Several indices are proposed for rock type identification, such as Quartz Index, Carbonate Index and Mafic Index, where Di is the data of | 6,133,808 |
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the i-th band in ASTER.
- Carbonate Index (CI): D13/D14
- Quartz Index (QI): D11*D11 / D10*D12
- Mafic Index (MI): D12/D13
### Soil.
Surficial soil is a good proxy to the geology underneath. Some of the properties of soil, alongside lithology mentioned above, are retrievable in remote sensing data, for instance Landsat ETM+, to develop the soil horizon and therefore aid its classification.
#### Soil texture and moisture content.
The amount of moisture within soil particles is governed by the particle size and soil texture as the interstitial space may be filled with air for dry soil and water for saturated soil. Essentially, the finer the grain size, the higher capability to hold moisture. | 6,133,809 |
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As mentioned above, wetter soil is brighter than dry soil in radar image. For short wavelength VNIR region, in the same theory, clayey surface with smaller grain size promoting more backscattering should give higher spectral response. However, the higher soil moisture and organic contents makes clay darker in images, compared to silty and sandy soil cover after precipitation. With regard to VNIR region, as the moisture content increases, more prominent absorption (at 1.4, 1.9, 2.7 micrometers, and sometimes at 1.7 for hydroxyl absorption band) take place. On the other hand, radar is sensitive to one more factor: dielectric constant. Since water has a high dielectric constant, it has high reflectivity | 6,133,810 |
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and hence more backscattering takes place, i.e. appears brighter in radar images. Therefore, soil appears brighter with higher soil moisture content (with the presence of capillary water) but appears dark for flooded soil (specular reflection). Quantitatively, while soil texture is determined by statistical means of regression with calibration, scientists also developed a Soil Water Index (SWI) for long-term change detection. Another approach is surface energy balance model, which makes prediction on the actual evapotranspiration.
In short, the soil moisture overall reflectance could be tabulated.
#### Soil organic carbon.
Soil organic carbon is mainly derived from proximal sensing using | 6,133,811 |
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mid infrared reflectance. A darker soil colour results from the saturated organic matter plus variable amount of black humic acid and soil moisture. The higher the amount of organic content in the soil, incident energy would be greatly absorbed and as a result lower reflectance is expected in general. The contrast in soil colour allows quantitative analysis of band depth analysis, principal component analysis and modeling.
#### Soil salinity.
Soil salinity is the result of insufficient rainwater precipitation which leads to accumulation of soluble salt in soil horizon. The spectral proximal sensing in VNIR is sensitive to absorption of water in hydrated evaporate minerals, most prominently | 6,133,812 |
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at 505 nm, 920 nm, 1415 nm and 2205 nm. For even more saline soil, 680, 1180 nm and 1780 nm would also give lower reflectance (higher absorption) and higher reflectance at 2200 nm possibly due to the loss of crystallinity in clay minerals. The spectral curve also shows a decreasing overall slope from 800 nm to 1300 nm for higher salinity. The overall reflectance curve in all wavelength increases with higher salt concentration, while the compositions of salt would show some variations in absorption bands.
## Geomorphology.
3-dimensional geomorphological features arising from regional tectonics and formation mechanisms could also be understood from a perspective of small scale images showing | 6,133,813 |
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a large area acquired in elevation. The topography of an area is often characterized by volcanic activity or orogenesis. These mountain building processes are determined by the stress-strain relation in accordance with rock types. They behave as elastic/ plastic/ fracturing deformations, in response to different kinetics. Remote sensing techniques provide evidence such as observed lineament, global scale mountain distribution, seismicity and volcanic activities to support crustal scale tectonics and geodynamics studies. Additional spectral information also helps. For example, the grain size differentiates snow and ice. Aside from a planar geological map with cross-sections, sometimes 3-dimensional | 6,133,814 |
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view from stereo-photos or representation in Digital Elevation Model (DEM) could aid the visualization. In theory, LiDAR gives the best resolution up to cm grade while radar gives 10m grade because of its high sensitivity to small scale roughness. Oblique images could greatly enhance the third-dimension, but users should bear in mind the shadowing and distortions.
# Inaccessible areas.
Although field mapping is the most primary and preferable way to acquire ground truth, the method does not work when areas become inaccessible, for example the conditions are too dangerous or extreme. Sometimes political concerns bar scientists’ entering. Remote sensing, on the other hand, provides information | 6,133,815 |
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of the area of interest sending neither a man nor a sensor to the site.
## Desert.
Desert area is shaped by eolian processes and its landforms by erosion and deposition. The stereopairs of aerial photos provide three-dimensional visualization for the land feature while hyperspectral image provide grain scale information for grain size, sand composition etc. The images are often of high phototones in short wavelengths in VNIR corresponding to the scanty vegetation and little moisture. Another tool is radar, which has the capability to penetrate surficial sand, a material of low dielectric constant. This see-through characteristic, notably of the L-band (1.25 GHz) microwave of 1–2 m penetration, | 6,133,816 |
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allows subsurface mapping and possibly identification of past aquifer. The paleohydrography in Sahara Desert and Gobi Desert is revealed and further studies using airborne P-band (435 MHz) for penetration of 5 m is proposed in future research.
## Political sensitive area.
Politics poses challenge to scientific research. One example is the Tibesti Mountains, which is remote and politically unstable in recent decades due to conflicts over uranium deposit underneath. The area, however, could possibly serve as one spectacular example of intracontinental volcanism or hotspot. Detailed studies of the area divided into Western, Central and Eastern Tibesti Volcanic Province shows no significant sign | 6,133,817 |
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of spatially progressive volcanism, and hence it is unlikely to be a hotspot as the manifestation of Hawaiian or Galapagos Islands. More data and systematic field survey and studies, for instance geochemical and radiometric dating, are great topics to focus on in the near future. The Tibesti board swell dome is also studied as a regional river system to estimate the uplift rate.
Water bodies
Water bodies, for instance ocean and glaciers, could be studied using remote sensing. Here are two examples for plankton and glacier mapping.
The bloom of photosynthesizing phytoplankton is an ecological proxy to favorable environmental conditions. Satellite remote sensing in VNIR wavelength region help | 6,133,818 |
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locate sporadic event of change in ocean colour due to relative increase in related absorption in spectral curve. Different band math (e.g. band ratio algorithms and spectral band difference) are developed to cater coastal and open water, and even some specific types of bloom (e.g. Coccolithophore blooms and Trichodesmium blooms). The capability of real-time monitoring by combined use of long term satellite data allows better insight into the ocean dynamics.
The mapping of glaciers is facilitated by remote sensing in contrast with carrying heavy equipment to dangerous icy land. Some notable applications include mapping of clean-ice and debris-covered glaciers, glacier fluctuation records, mass | 6,133,819 |
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balance and volume change studies to aid generating topographic map and quantitative analysis. Similarly, automated approach using band math and DEM calculations using high resolution data is requisite to look into the glacial variations due to dynamic environmental conditions.
# Geologic hazards.
Geological hazards cause casualties and serious damage to properties. While it is almost impossible to prevent naturally occurring disasters, their impact could be reduced and minimized with proper prior risk assessment and planning.
## Earthquakes.
Earthquakes manifest itself in movement of earth surface. Remote sensing can also help earthquake studies by two aspects. One is to better understand | 6,133,820 |
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the local ground condition. For instance some soil type, which is prone to liquefaction (e.g. saturated loose alluvial material), do more damage under vibration and therefore earthquake hazard zoning may help in reducing property loss. Another one is to locate historical earthquakes in neotectonism (past 11000 years) and analysis its spatial distribution, and hence fault zones with structural ruptures are mapped for further investigations. From a geodetic perspective, the radar technique (SAR Interferometry, also called InSAR) provides land displacement measurement up to cm scale. SAR interferometry is a technology utilizing multiple SAR images recording the backscattering of microwave signal. | 6,133,821 |
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The returning signal can be used to estimate the distance between ground and satellite. When two images are obtained at the same point but at different time, some pixels showing delayed returns reveal displacement, assuming no ground change. A displacement map (interferogram) is generated to visualize the changes with a precision up to a half of the wavelength i.e. cm grade. Another similar technique is Global Positioning System (GPS), which records the displacement with time of discrete points through trilateration of microwave GPS satellite signals. The same idea and principle to measure ground displacement could also be extended to other natural hazards monitoring, such as volcanisms, landslides | 6,133,822 |
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and avalanches. The mid-IR thermal (11–12 micrometer) satellite images have shown some thermal fields in geological active areas, such as lineation and fault systems. Aside from these long-lived thermal fields, there are some positive thermal anomalies of 3–4 °C on land surface or around −5 °C for sea water in earthquake epicenter areas. The contrast appears 7–14 days prior to the earth movement. Though the observation is supported by laboratory experiments, the possible causes of these differences are still debatable.
## Tsunami.
Mangrove offers protection against tsunami and storms from sweeping away inland areas because the mangrove fringes were damaged and took all the energy. Remote sensing | 6,133,823 |
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of mangrove and vegetation as a natural barrier to manage risks therefore becomes a hot topic. The recent advancement and development is highly anticipated in the near future, especially as hyperspectral imaging system and very high resolution (up to sub meter grade) satellite images prevails. New classification schemes distinguishing species from composition could be developed for environmental studies. Estimation leaf area, canopy height, biomass and productivity could also be improved with the emergence of existing and forthcoming sensors and algorithms. Tsunami-induced inundation leads to change in coastal area, which could be quantified by remote sensing. Split-based approach to divide | 6,133,824 |
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large images into subimages for further analysis by redefining change detection threshold have reduced computation time and have shown to be consistent with manual mapping of affected areas.
## Volcanism.
The dynamic magma underneath plates we are living on induces volcanic activity on Earth's surface. To advance the understanding in volcanological science and active volcano monitoring, the main data streams aided by remote sensing include surface deformation and thermal measurement plus the gas flux and composition. Seismicity is considered geophysical method on the other hand. The data could be collected throughout the eruption cycle, from unrest, to eruption then relaxation. For example, | 6,133,825 |
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the Ultraviolet (UV) and VNIR region is sensitive to sulfur dioxide, one of the volcanic gases. BrO (formed from the bromine explosion within plumes) and CO are also possible candidates for volcanic monitoring these days. The thermal disturbance, for instance through temperature change in crater lakes and injection of hot gas into the atmosphere, could be detected using TIR sensors to automate volcano thermal alerts. The uplift and subsidence of ground could be quantified remotely by InSAR technique. The surficial manifestation of volcanism tends to favor simple geometries while complexities are introduced by subsurface interactions. While remote sensing is able to collect data of ground, 3-D | 6,133,826 |
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modeling using finite element analysis added with geophysical subsurface survey is highly encouraged.
## Landslides.
Landslide is one form of mass wasting caused by gravity and slope instability. The rock and debris fall downward and outward from slope rapidly. Apart from site characterization through geological mapping, many of the remote sensing tools mentioned could be employed. For example, the use of aerial photos to update landslide inventory is popular in Hong Kong landslide studies. The LiDAR technique to create a High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) with vegetation cover is crucial to the quantification of slope, slope aspect, stream power, | 6,133,827 |
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drainage density and many more parameters for landslide hazard models. Microwave radar can also take part in landslide recognition in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and monitoring through the InSAR technique which effectively shows small scale deformation. The hazard risk management could be further discussed using geographical information system (GIS).
# Economic geology.
In the context of economic geology, the surficial data help locate possible reserves of natural resources.
## Mineral and petroleum exploration.
The occurrence of nature reserves that are exploitable is in close association with the surrounding geology. Feasible resources explorations should be backed up by accurate | 6,133,828 |
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geological models to locate prospect ore and petroleum deposits from a preliminary regional overview. Remote sensing can provide scalable investigation as the exploration program progress at a reasonable expenditure. One example is to monitor the surface deformation in a mine using InSAR time series. Another example is using short wavelength region in VNIR to estimate the petroleum reservoir because VNIR can provide both accurate distance measurement by lidar and spectral data from spectral scanning. One point to bear in mind is the inherit limitation, that remote sensing is for surface detection while natural resources are concentrated in depth, therefore its use is somewhat limited. Nonetheless, | 6,133,829 |
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there are some proxies providing valuable inputs, including the following examples
- 1. stratigraphical-lithological: some minerals are syngenetic or epigenic with host rocks
- 2. geomorphological: mechanical concentration of minerals in morphology
- 3. structural: intersection of structural features to form structural traps
- 4. rock alteration: quartz-feldspars, carbonates, hydroxyl-bearing minerals, sheet silicates, iron oxides (limonite), commonly manifest as ring or halo with zoned alteration, with the aid of image enhancement
- 5. geobotanical: vegetation stress and abnormal growth may be due to metal in soil
A new method is proposed in respect to the above rock alteration means, | 6,133,830 |
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in light of the deficiencies in low reflectance due to vegetation cover and the ambiguity of some minerals, for instance kaolinite which may or may not be resultant altered mineral. The overall spectral shape from hyperspectral imaging is considered first, followed by absorption bands, in their algorithm. Correlation coefficients for each pixel is then calculated by comparison between the remote sensing data and ground field data. The decision would be assigned to each pixel by the most susceptible dominant object, but not by setting up threshold.
## Groundwater investigations.
Targeting groundwater resources for supply is one of the ultimate goals in water management. While much of the information | 6,133,831 |
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is indeed provided from hydrogeology, geophysical methods and drilling, the remote sensing technique, using the same principle to integrate data collected for the surface, can infer possible confined/ unconfined aquifers. For instance in radar data (ground penetrating radar), which is able to penetrate the ground deep into meters, may show some diffuse reflection for ‘rough’ surface relative to the wavelength used. The change in lithology may suggest soft rock and unconsolidated sediments, where porosity is high.
# Vegetation.
The surficial vegetation studies are mainly accomplished by multispectral or hyperspectral image analysis, mainly because of the lower penetration depth and higher resolutions | 6,133,832 |
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of VNIR wavelength region. There are a multitude of sensors, image processing and classification algorithms and result evaluation schemes from ancillary data available in vegetation analysis. As an example, rangeland characterization with regard to biomass quantity and quality could be inferred from hyperspectral data. The detection of photosynthetic active (standing live) versus non-photosynthetic active (standing dead) and their ratio in the area of interest supports the quantification of biomass. The quality of forage presented in Carbon:Nitrogen ratio could be estimated through hyperspectral data manipulation with greater than 80% accuracy.From a geological perspective, some superficial | 6,133,833 |
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cover may obscure the area of interest in an image. With vegetation, the time-series of Normalized difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) which characterizes crop growth could derive soil patterns. The biogeographical gradient incorporating environmental parameters, such as floristic conditions, precipitation and temperature also provide clues to soil cover. Spectral unmixing technique assuming that the total reflectance of a pixel is a linear mix of component reflectance delineates objects contributing the resultant signal received in the sensor. Some other parameters and soil proxies such as non-photosynthetic vegetation cover, lichens, Plant Functional Types and Ellenberg indicator values are | 6,133,834 |
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possible for soil characterization.
# Planetary observation.
Aside from the Earth, remote sensing has made planetary exploration possible without sending an astronaut into space. For most planetary explorations, due to the thick atmosphere, radar is a suitable instrumentation to investigate planetary surface. Radar can penetrate the atmosphere and detect the surface roughness. Also, topographic maps could be derived from radar altimetry and InSAR methods, for instance in the mapping of Venus. As an example of planetary applications using remote sensing could be illustrated by the volcanism observation on Io, which features the highest number of active volcanoes per square kilometer in the | 6,133,835 |
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Solar System. While the importance of Io Volcanology is well documented as textbooks, new observations point out that the temporal evolution of spectral ratio between 2:5 micrometer thermal emissions (thermal signature) could infer eruption modes, from lava fountain down to silicic lava flows. Recent suggestion have been made to improve the spatial resolution to locate more accurately the heat source vent, so as to elucidate the unsolved puzzle of the volcanology, which is strongly related to the tidal heating caused by the orbital eccentricity of Jupiter. Modeling has shown that a suitable distance between the surveyed ground and the sensor has to be maintained to ensure a meaningful pixel | 6,133,836 |
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size to resolve the Io surface. Remote sensing by satellite also reduces jittering as the sensor is held stable in space and gives accurate data in the absence of atmosphere for terrestrial observations, notwithstanding the strong radiation zone in Jupiter which dramatically limits sensor lifetime. All these promotes future instrumentation and orbit design.
# Image processing.
Image processing is crucial to convert raw data into useful information. For imaging remote sensing, where spectral data are collected and recorded in pixels of an image, a two dimensional representation. After removal of noise and calibration, images are then geo-referenced to relate pixel to real-life geography. The | 6,133,837 |
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first-hand data are then corrected to remove noise such as atmospheric disturbance, structural effects and distortion. Remote sensing data are often validated by ground truth, which usually serves as training data in image classification to ensure quality. The image interpretation could be achieved by an interpreter or computation. The reliability of the map interpreted is high only if the expert has a thorough understanding of geomorphology, how the surface landscape could be shaped by possible interactions of numerous factors and the limitation of the method. Although there exist a wealth of experiences is present for visual interpretation of aerial photos, the method is time-consuming and | 6,133,838 |
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prone to human errors. Digital supervised or unsupervised landform classification employing crisp or fuzzy clustering logic have opened new possibility to the viable solutions. However, computation algorithms are subject to scale dependence matters and arbitrary definition of class boundaries. The presence of vegetation cover and rugged terrain may also reduce the applicability. Statistical and computational algorithms to identify correlations are developing vigorously for image analysis. For example, the emergence of non-parametric classifiers such as neural network becomes an alternative in classifying massive data.
# Integration with GIS.
The remote sensing technique is intimately connected | 6,133,839 |
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to later data interpretation and visualization, which is one of the capabilities in Geographical Information System (GIS). The GIS also allows input of other information such as socio-economic conditions and biophysical conditions in terms of layers. Further analyses in the same spatial extent are carried out and thematic maps are then generated for presentation. By no means could the application by integration of GIS and remote sensing be exhaustive, but here the topics of hydrology, landslide and urban planning are discussed.
## Hydrology.
There are a variety of applications of GIS and remote sensing data in water management, ranging from exploration, modeling of subsurface flow and natural | 6,133,840 |
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recharge, pollution control and hydrogeologic process monitoring. In essence, the topography, vegetation cover, drainage landforms and aquifer types could be inferred from remote sensing data and images from various types of sensors and platform. A case study in Burdur, Turkey presenting the use of remote sensing data and spatial analysis performed by GIS is one of the pioneer projects. Remote sensing collected data for geology and lineament density while GIS derived drainage density, topography elevation, gradient, landuse and the annual rainfall data. With weighted overlay, a groundwater potential map is generated to locate possible new water sources.
## Landslide.
A wealth of literature | 6,133,841 |
55514078 | Remote sensing (geology) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Remote%20sensing%20(geology) | Remote sensing (geology)
has shown the use of the remote sensing techniques for landslide is successful in all recognition, monitoring and hazard assessment aspects. Besides the examples in Europe, landslides in Hong Kong brought casualties and property damage to the territory before the establishment of relevant government organization to carry out systematic studies to reduce risk of slope failure. The major contributing factors, similar to landslides all over the world, include geology, discontinuities (structural), weathering and rainfall. The intense rainfall (2000mm/year) rapidly raises the pore pressure due to infiltration. While local hydrogeological models generated with the aid of in situ, for instance, piezometric | 6,133,842 |
55514078 | Remote sensing (geology) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Remote%20sensing%20(geology) | Remote sensing (geology)
measurements and discontinuity mapping, could help elucidate the kinematics of landslides, employing remote sensing for landslide evaluation in Hong Kong is never short of experience. For instance, Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar and aerial photo interpretation is the tool used in history for detecting surface deformation and updating landslide inventory respectively. GIS is also used to overlay layers of terrain (elevation and slope angle), lithology with rainfall data to generate landslide hazard maps. With the different weightings in respective parameters, the hazard could be zoned to get the risk controlled.
## Urban environmental applications.
Remote sensing has much potential | 6,133,843 |
55514078 | Remote sensing (geology) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Remote%20sensing%20(geology) | Remote sensing (geology)
photo interpretation is the tool used in history for detecting surface deformation and updating landslide inventory respectively. GIS is also used to overlay layers of terrain (elevation and slope angle), lithology with rainfall data to generate landslide hazard maps. With the different weightings in respective parameters, the hazard could be zoned to get the risk controlled.
## Urban environmental applications.
Remote sensing has much potential in environmental applications. To name a few, the land use planning (for instance nuclear power plant location & dumping sites), monitoring of soil erosion and atmospheric pollution, vegetation etc. have been in great interest in the recent decade. | 6,133,844 |
55515029 | Germansweek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germansweek | Germansweek
Germansweek
Germansweek is a village and civil parish in the West Devon district, in the county of Devon, England. | 6,133,845 |
55514875 | Thomas McAnea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20McAnea | Thomas McAnea
Thomas McAnea
Thomas Charles McAnea (c.1950—2 August 2013), also known as "Hologram Tam", was a Scottish master counterfeiter, regarded as one of the most skillful in Europe with regard to banknote security holograms. Prior to embarking upon his criminal career, McAnea had been a print union official and operated his own printing business. Following the deaths of his two sons, he began to drink heavily, running up debts and bankrupting the business. To "make ends meet", he instead offered his skills to organised crime gangs in Glasgow. A spokesperson for the Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency (SCDEA) said: "He knew everything there was to know about holograms, watermarks, what types | 6,133,846 |
55514875 | Thomas McAnea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20McAnea | Thomas McAnea
of paper to use and how the end result should look and feel. Organised crime groups who wanted fake notes knew the only person who they could virtually guarantee would do a job for them was Tam."
Had they not been foiled by police, McAnea's two most audacious schemes would have destabilised the British and Danish economies. McAnea was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment for counterfeiting in 1998—only to be famously released on appeal due to a "typo" on the police search warrant that had initially led to his arrest. In 2007, he was convicted of 'delivering, selling or disposing of' fake Bank of Scotland and Euro notes and sentenced to 6 years and 4 months imprisonment.
McAnea died in August | 6,133,847 |
55514875 | Thomas McAnea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20McAnea | Thomas McAnea
2013 due to lung cancer caused by many years of exposure to print and solvent fumes.
# Operation Wembley.
McAnea was first apprehended on 8 June 1996, during a police raid on premises in Beith Street, Partick, Glasgow, where printing plates for Bank of England £20 notes and Clydesdale Bank £5 notes were found. Released on police bail, McAnea and his accomplices were then placed under covert surveillance which led police to a second printing operation in Cotton Street, Dalmarnock, Glasgow. When this was raided, police discovered the gang had switched to producing counterfeit Danish 500 kroner notes. The men were also producing counterfeit postage stamps, television licence stamps, MOT certificates | 6,133,848 |
55514875 | Thomas McAnea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20McAnea | Thomas McAnea
and duty-free vouchers.
During the subsequent trial, held between 27 January—17 March 1998, Advocate Depute Frank Mulholland said that the scale of the operation was such that it represented a "threat to the economic well-being of this country and Denmark." On 17 March 1998, McAnea was convicted of counterfeiting £20 notes, Clydesdale Bank £5 notes, controlling forgery equipment, stealing printing presses, forging Danish currency, forging duty free vouchers and forging MoT test certificates. He was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. Lord Cameron, sentencing, said: "You will be well aware that counterfeiting currency notes has the potential to destroy confidence in the lawful issued currency... | 6,133,849 |
55514875 | Thomas McAnea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20McAnea | Thomas McAnea
It is a crime which strikes at the root of the commercial and economic life of a country."
# Appeal.
On the first day of the trial, during the testimony of the first witness called by the prosecution, McAnea's barrister Herbert Kerrigan objected that the search warrants used by Strathclyde Police to enter the Beith Street premises and seize evidence were invalid as they all referred to a non-existent "1989 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act"—the act is instead the "1981 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act." The initial typing error had been transcribed to other documents—including 15 search warrants—prepared by the police in connection with the raid, and had been overlooked by 10 detectives and 5 Justices | 6,133,850 |
55514875 | Thomas McAnea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20McAnea | Thomas McAnea
of the Peace.
Kerrigan argued that warrants were intended to protect citizens' rights and the error rendered them unlawful—just days earlier, 2 other major trials had been abandoned because of errors on search warrants. Lord Cameron initially agreed with the defence that the warrants were invalid, but, the following day, the Advocate Depute made a submission that it was merely a typographical error, that the evidence gathered under them could still be put to the jury, and that a 1950 appeal court decision allowed the judge to exercise discretion and to excuse the mistake. The trial was adjourned and the jury sent home while Lord Cameron deliberated the matter. Lord Cameron decided that as the | 6,133,851 |
55514875 | Thomas McAnea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20McAnea | Thomas McAnea
error was not due to "deliberate deception" by the police but was instead "more akin to a technical flaw", it could be excused and "the evidence obtained on presentation of the invalid warrants [was] admissible."
Kerrigan immediately raised a challenge in the Appeal Court to Lord Cameron's ruling, where it was decided "that the move was premature and that the men could return with their argument if and when they were convicted." Following their conviction, McAnea and his accomplices—Dennis McGinnis, John McGregor and Raymond Dean—lodged appeals based on the invalid warrants. In October 1998, all 4 were granted "interim liberation" and released from prison pending the outcome of the appeal.
The | 6,133,852 |
55514875 | Thomas McAnea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20McAnea | Thomas McAnea
appeal was heard by Lord Justice General Lord Rodger, Lord Prosser and Lord Allanbridge on 18 July 2000 at the Court of Criminal Appeal in Edinburgh. The men argued that there had been a miscarriage of justice because once Lord Cameron had ruled that the warrants were invalid, any subsequent decision to reverse his position and admit evidence gathered illegally was incompetent. On 2 August 2000, the appellate court handed down its decision in favour of the men and quashed the convictions. Lord Rodger said: "We are satisfied that it was incompetent for the trial judge to give effect to the supplementary submissions of the advocate depute and to reverse his decision to uphold the defence objection." | 6,133,853 |
55514875 | Thomas McAnea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20McAnea | Thomas McAnea
The appellate court's opinion was that once a decision on a defence objection had been taken and stated in open court, it was final and could not be reconsidered. Had the prosecution submitted their argument at the time, before the objection was sustained, instead of waiting until the following day, the evidence may still have been admissible. Crucially, the prosecution were aware that the search warrants contained the erroneous date—and that the defence intended to object their validity—at least as early as the day before the trial commenced. Lord Rodger added: "If decisions formally announced by a trial judge in open court could immediately be re-opened by any losing counsel who could dream | 6,133,854 |
55514875 | Thomas McAnea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20McAnea | Thomas McAnea
was final and could not be reconsidered. Had the prosecution submitted their argument at the time, before the objection was sustained, instead of waiting until the following day, the evidence may still have been admissible. Crucially, the prosecution were aware that the search warrants contained the erroneous date—and that the defence intended to object their validity—at least as early as the day before the trial commenced. Lord Rodger added: "If decisions formally announced by a trial judge in open court could immediately be re-opened by any losing counsel who could dream up a further argument, the potential for delay, uncertainty and even abuse is obvious."
# References.
Notes
Footnotes | 6,133,855 |
55515027 | Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greatest%20Hits:%20God's%20Favorite%20Band | Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band
Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band
Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band is the second greatest hits album by American rock band Green Day, released on November 17, 2017.
# Background.
"God's Favorite Band" features 20 of Green Day's previous hits, as well as 2 new songs: a new version of the "Revolution Radio" track "Ordinary World", featuring country singer Miranda Lambert, and a previously unreleased song entitled "Back in the USA". The album includes songs from all of Green Day's studio albums, with the exception of "39/Smooth", "¡Dos!", and "¡Tré!". 10 of the tracks previously appeared on Green Day's 2001 greatest hits album "International Superhits!". Despite returning to his role as a | 6,133,856 |
55515027 | Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greatest%20Hits:%20God's%20Favorite%20Band | Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band
touring member, Jason White did participate in the recording for "Back in the USA".
The album's title is a reference to a joke made by Stephen Colbert during the band's March 22, 2017 appearance on "The Late Show", in which Colbert quipped that Green Day were "God's favorite band". Colbert's joke was in itself a reference to a comment made by Green Day drummer Tré Cool on the band's 2005 DVD "Bullet in a Bible", in which Cool remarked that the rain clouds over the venue had cleared because "God wants to watch his favorite band again."
# Track listing.
All songs were produced by Green Day and Rob Cavallo except "Know Your Enemy" and "21 Guns", which were produced by Green Day and Butch Vig, | 6,133,857 |
55515027 | Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greatest%20Hits:%20God's%20Favorite%20Band | Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band
"2000 Light Years Away", which was produced by Green Day and Andy Ernst, and "Minority", "Warning", "Bang Bang", "Still Breathing", "Ordinary World" and "Back in the USA" by Green Day.
# Personnel.
Green Day
- Billie Joe Armstrong – electric and acoustic guitars, lead vocals, harmonica, piano
- Mike Dirnt – bass, backing vocals
- Tré Cool – drums, percussion, backing vocals, accordion on "Minority"
Additional musicians
- Jason White – additional guitar on "Oh Love" and "Back in the USA"
- Petra Haden – violin on "Hitchin' a Ride" and "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)"
- Jason Freese – additional keyboards
- Tom Kitt – string arrangement for "21 Guns"
- David Campbell – string arrangement | 6,133,858 |
55515027 | Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greatest%20Hits:%20God's%20Favorite%20Band | Greatest Hits: God's Favorite Band
fe)"
- Jason Freese – additional keyboards
- Tom Kitt – string arrangement for "21 Guns"
- David Campbell – string arrangement for "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)"
- Miranda Lambert - featured vocals on "Ordinary World"
Production
- Green Day – production
- Rob Cavallo – production
- Butch Vig – production
- Andy Ernst – production, engineering, mixing
- Neill King – engineering
- Kevin Army – engineering
- Ken Allardyce – engineering
- Doug McKean – engineering
- Chris Dugan – engineering
- Jerry Finn – mixing
- Chris Lord-Alge – mixing
- Jack Joseph Puig – mixing
- Andrew Scheps – mixing
- John Golden – mastering
- Ted Jensen – mastering
- Eric Boulanger – mastering | 6,133,859 |
55515037 | Just Like You (Louis Tomlinson song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Just%20Like%20You%20(Louis%20Tomlinson%20song) | Just Like You (Louis Tomlinson song)
Just Like You (Louis Tomlinson song)
"Just Like You" is a song recorded by English singer and songwriter Louis Tomlinson, announced on 11 October and released at midnight local time on 12 October 2017. It is the first promotional single from Tomlinson's forthcoming debut album. The song was also written by Tomlinson, Thomas and Burns.
# Background.
In an interview with Zane Lowe on Beats 1 Radio, Tomlinson called the song "very" autobiographical. “The fans have seen so much and got to know us so well, but I’ve never really had a chance to be as honest like that with music. So that was really refreshing. It was just important for me to write a song that could humanize me as much as possible, | 6,133,860 |
55515037 | Just Like You (Louis Tomlinson song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Just%20Like%20You%20(Louis%20Tomlinson%20song) | Just Like You (Louis Tomlinson song)
and that the fans could really feel like I'm just like them – honest and vulnerable and real.”
# Lyric video.
A lyric video for the song was released on 17 October 2017, featuring images of Tomlinson interspersed with lyrics as well as newspaper articles relating to politics, mental health, feminism, diversity, LGBTQ+ rights, the Black Lives Matter movement, and the Me Too movement, as well as public figures such as Colin Kaepernick, Malala Yousafzai, and George Michael. Saskia Postema of Huffington Post's unpaid, unmoderated - and now defunct - contributors platform called the video an "unprecedented, though not entirely unsurprising look into Tomlinson's dedication to social justice issues," | 6,133,861 |
55515037 | Just Like You (Louis Tomlinson song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Just%20Like%20You%20(Louis%20Tomlinson%20song) | Just Like You (Louis Tomlinson song)
and went on to say it "push[es] the understanding of the song beyond it being a mere reflection of Tomlinson's personal hardship, and create[s] a connection to general issues of adversity in society instead. By doing so, it seems that the core concept of the tune should be understood as something that not only affects Louis himself, but all of us: The universality of struggle for equal opportunities in life, and the need to be recognized as human beings of equal value."
# Critical reception.
Rolling Stone's Jon Blistein described the song as "humble", further stating "[Just Like You] has a snappy beat with synths that swell to a wobbling instrumental hook. The production complements Tomlinson's | 6,133,862 |
55515037 | Just Like You (Louis Tomlinson song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Just%20Like%20You%20(Louis%20Tomlinson%20song) | Just Like You (Louis Tomlinson song)
reflection of Tomlinson's personal hardship, and create[s] a connection to general issues of adversity in society instead. By doing so, it seems that the core concept of the tune should be understood as something that not only affects Louis himself, but all of us: The universality of struggle for equal opportunities in life, and the need to be recognized as human beings of equal value."
# Critical reception.
Rolling Stone's Jon Blistein described the song as "humble", further stating "[Just Like You] has a snappy beat with synths that swell to a wobbling instrumental hook. The production complements Tomlinson's polished vocals and lyrics about how he grapples with everyday highs and lows.” | 6,133,863 |
55515080 | Weeneebayko Area Health Authority Paramedic Services | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weeneebayko%20Area%20Health%20Authority%20Paramedic%20Services | Weeneebayko Area Health Authority Paramedic Services
Weeneebayko Area Health Authority Paramedic Services
Weeneebayko Area Health Authority Paramedic Services (WAHA-PS) - formerly James Bay Ambulance Services - services First Nation communities in Northern Ontario and is funded by the province of Ontario.
WAHA-PS services the communities and transfers to the nearest airport/helipad for advance care in the south by ORNGE.
Dispatch services are routed via Timmins Central Ambulance Communications Centre.
# Stations.
WAHA-PS operates from 6 stations:
- Moosonee, Ontario - located at Fifth Street and Bay Road
- Attawapiskat, Ontario - north of the hospital site
- Fort Albany, Ontario - 3rd Avenue and Main Road
- Peawanuck, Ontario
- Kashechewan, | 6,133,864 |
55515080 | Weeneebayko Area Health Authority Paramedic Services | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weeneebayko%20Area%20Health%20Authority%20Paramedic%20Services | Weeneebayko Area Health Authority Paramedic Services
in the south by ORNGE.
Dispatch services are routed via Timmins Central Ambulance Communications Centre.
# Stations.
WAHA-PS operates from 6 stations:
- Moosonee, Ontario - located at Fifth Street and Bay Road
- Attawapiskat, Ontario - north of the hospital site
- Fort Albany, Ontario - 3rd Avenue and Main Road
- Peawanuck, Ontario
- Kashechewan, Ontario - at Base 4
- Moose Factory, Ontario - Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR) Centre shared with Moose Factory Island Fire & Rescue and Nishnawbe Aski Police Service.
# Fleet.
WAHA-PS operates Type II and Type III (van based) ambulances. Some appeared to be used ambulances second to WAHA-PS by the province's Ministry of Health. | 6,133,865 |
55515085 | Catcher (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catcher%20(disambiguation) | Catcher (disambiguation)
Catcher (disambiguation)
Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player. It is also a general term for a fielder who catches the ball in cricket.
Catcher or catchers may also refer to:
- Catchers (band), Irish indie pop band
- "The Catcher, 1998 horror film directed by Guy Crawford and Yvette Hoffman
# See also.
- The Catcher in the Rye (disambiguation)
- "Foxcatcher", 2014 American true crime sports drama film directed by Bennett Miller | 6,133,866 |
55515053 | Portrait of a 62-year-old Woman, possibly Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portrait%20of%20a%2062-year-old%20Woman,%20possibly%20Aeltje%20Pietersdr%20Uylenburgh | Portrait of a 62-year-old Woman, possibly Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh
Portrait of a 62-year-old Woman, possibly Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh
Portrait of a 62-year-old Woman, possibly Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh is a 1632 portrait painting painted by Rembrandt. It shows an elderly woman with a small and sober millstone collar. It is in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
# Description.
Several oval portraits of a woman of 17th-century Amsterdam have survived, and sometimes these were pendants and sometimes they were individual portraits. This painting, without a pendant, has been attributed to Rembrandt since the 19th century. This painting came into the collection via the major gift of Rose-Marie and Eijk van Otterloo, after being on loan from | 6,133,867 |
55515053 | Portrait of a 62-year-old Woman, possibly Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portrait%20of%20a%2062-year-old%20Woman,%20possibly%20Aeltje%20Pietersdr%20Uylenburgh | Portrait of a 62-year-old Woman, possibly Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh
them for an extended period of time.
This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1914, who wrote; "877. AN OLD LADY WITH A WHITE CAP. Bode 301; Dut. 329; Wb. 315 and 456; B.-HdG. 85. About
sixty. Half-length; life size. She sits, inclined to the
left, looking out of the picture. Over her bright black gown she wears a cape trimmed with dark fur.
She has a flat outstanding ruff; her hair is covered by a close-fitting cap
with projecting side-flaps. Grey background.
Signed to the right at top, " R H L van Rijn 1632 " ; oval oak panel,
30 inches by 22 inches.
Mentioned by Vosmaer, p. 495 ; Michel, p. 435.
In the possession of Sm., London, before 1836 [priced at 200] ; sold by
him | 6,133,868 |
55515053 | Portrait of a 62-year-old Woman, possibly Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portrait%20of%20a%2062-year-old%20Woman,%20possibly%20Aeltje%20Pietersdr%20Uylenburgh | Portrait of a 62-year-old Woman, possibly Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh
in 1835 to Brondgeest, according to a note in his own copy of his catalogue.
In the collection of Baron Alphonse de Rothschild, Paris.
In the collection of Baron Henri de Rothschild, Paris."
# Copies.
This portrait was copied and signed "H Roos" by Johann Heinrich Roos while he was a student of Rembrandt. That copy later came into the collection of Henriette Amalie of Anhalt-Dessau. Another copy was made presumably while the painting was in the British Coesvelt collection and has been in Felbrigg Hall since 1764, when it was recorded as a picture by Rembrandt of his mother.
# Sitter.
In 2000 the portrait was sold at Christie's in London as a portrait of the wife of the theologian Johannes | 6,133,869 |
55515053 | Portrait of a 62-year-old Woman, possibly Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portrait%20of%20a%2062-year-old%20Woman,%20possibly%20Aeltje%20Pietersdr%20Uylenburgh | Portrait of a 62-year-old Woman, possibly Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh
in London as a portrait of the wife of the theologian Johannes Sylvius for nearly 20 million pounds. Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh lived in the minister's residence of the Oude Kerk and was the daughter of Saskia van Uylenburgh's uncle Pieter, making them first cousins, though Aeltje was a generation older and probably served as a guide for the 21-year-old Saskia on her first visit to Amsterdam in the Spring of 1633.
If indeed it is she, though its pendant is lost, an etching of her husband by Rembrandt still exists (the lost original painting would have been reversed so he faced her):
# External links.
- "Portrait of a woman, possibly Aeltje Petersdr Uylenburgh, 1632 gedateerd" in the RKD | 6,133,870 |
55515117 | Olena Hasanova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olena%20Hasanova | Olena Hasanova
Olena Hasanova
Olena Hasanova (born 25 November 1995) is a Ukrainian-born Azerbaijani volleyball player for Telekom Baku and the Azerbaijani national team.
She participated at the 2017 Women's European Volleyball Championship. | 6,133,871 |
55515101 | Encore (Anderson East album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encore%20(Anderson%20East%20album) | Encore (Anderson East album)
Encore (Anderson East album)
Encore is the fourth studio album by American musician Anderson East. It was released in January 2018, under Elektra Records. "All on my Mind" earned East his first Grammy Award nomination for Best American Roots Performance. | 6,133,872 |
55515100 | Folly Gate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Folly%20Gate | Folly Gate
Folly Gate
Folly Gate is a village in the civil parish of Inwardleigh, in the West Devon district, in the county of Devon, England. It is situated near Okehampton. An airfield existed near the village between 1928 and 1960, it is now a field. In 1986 the village contained about 100 houses and had a population of 230. | 6,133,873 |
55515124 | Personal (The Vamps song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Personal%20(The%20Vamps%20song) | Personal (The Vamps song)
Personal (The Vamps song)
"Personal" is a song by British pop rock band The Vamps featuring vocals from Maggie Lindemann. The song was released as a digital download on 13 October 2017 through Universal Music Group. It serves as the first single from their third studio album "Night & Day", being included on the second part of it, called "Day Edition".
# Music video.
A music video to accompany the release of "Personal" was first released onto YouTube on 20 October 2017 at a total length of three minutes and fourteen seconds. | 6,133,874 |
55515128 | Jana Kulan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jana%20Kulan | Jana Kulan
Jana Kulan
Jana Kulan (née Matiasovska-Aghayeva) (born 7 July 1987) is a Slovakian-born Azerbaijani volleyball player for Çanakkale Belediyespor and the Azerbaijani national team.
She participated at the 2017 Women's European Volleyball Championship. | 6,133,875 |
55515051 | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia%20Center%20for%20Theatrical%20Arts | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts
Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts
Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts (CCTA) is a Greater Washington D.C. Area regional theater school based in Columbia, Maryland. CCTA is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization that is funded, in part, by the National Endowment for the Arts, the Maryland State Arts Council, and the Howard County Arts Council from Howard County, Maryland.
# History.
Founded in 1972, as the Columbia School for Theatrical Arts (now Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts) it is known for its productions of musicals and new plays. CCTA was founded by Toby Orenstein. She was asked by businessman and builder James Rouse to create a non-profit theatrical arts school for the then-new Maryland | 6,133,876 |
55515051 | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia%20Center%20for%20Theatrical%20Arts | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts
city of Columbia. Its mission is to educate through the arts. CCTA has three distinct departments: it offers a conservatory, theatrical arts productions, and outreach programs.
# Theatre Programs.
## Conservatory.
The conservatory offers performing arts-based programs to the local community. These include different programs for children in primary and secondary school. The Young Columbians are a performing troupe created by CCTA. The conservatory has been the recipient of five grants from the National Endowment for the Arts.
## Outreach Programs.
The CCTA has a number of incentives such as fundraising, scholarships. The Labor of Love is an annual event that raises money for the AIDS Alliance | 6,133,877 |
55515051 | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia%20Center%20for%20Theatrical%20Arts | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts
of Howard County. Another project was the Labels Project in 1992 which was formed to educate young people on how to combat bias and prejudice by supporting individuality, celebrating diversity and teaching adolescents tactics for resisting peer pressure.
CCTA's Outreach Programs are aimed to help make theatre arts available and accessible to local students in need. Partnerships now exist with Baltimore City Public School System and the Loyola University Maryland. CCTA performs the original play Ben Carson, M.D. to local youth. CCTA has a program for students with special needs at Glenelg High School, under the direction of Kassidy Sharp, and the Kennedy Krieger Institute of Baltimore.
# Recent | 6,133,878 |
55515051 | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia%20Center%20for%20Theatrical%20Arts | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts
productions.
Past productions include the 2016 world premiere of "Magic Under Glass", the musical, based on Jaclyn Dolamore's book. Performance venues include the White House, Wolf Trap, Walt Disney World, The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Merriweather Post Pavilion, The Fillmore, Lake Kittamaqundi, Howard Community College, Toby's Dinner Theatre, The Ellipse, House of the Temple, the Washington D.C. Temple, and others.
# Board of Directors.
- President: Toby Orenstein
- Chairman: Janet Davidson Gordon
- Vice chairman: Carolyn Kelemen
- Secretary: Mindy Hirsch
- Treasurer: Harold Orenstein
- Members: Mary Armiger, John Astin, Steve Duffy, John Harding, Sarah Otchet, | 6,133,879 |
55515051 | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia%20Center%20for%20Theatrical%20Arts | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts
Melissa Rosenberg, and Jack Wilen
- Honorary Board Member: Edward Norton
# People.
- Robin Baxter, Broadway performer
- Risa Binder, Emmy-nominated country singer-songwriter
- Steve Blanchard, Broadway performer
- Caroline Bowman, Broadway performer
- Johnny Holliday, Radio and TV sportscaster and a former Top 40 radio disc jockey
- Mary Page Keller, Hollywood film actress
- Megan Lawrence, Tony-nominated broadway performer
- Edward Norton, Academy Award-nominated actor, filmmaker, and activist
- Ric Ryder, Broadway performer and vocal coach
- Peter Salett, musician, composer, performer, and singer-songwriter
- Margo Seibert, Broadway performer
- Tracie Thoms, television, film, | 6,133,880 |
55515051 | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia%20Center%20for%20Theatrical%20Arts | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts
and stage actress and singer
- Betsy True, Broadway performer
- Mark Waldrop, Broadway writer and director
- Tico Wells, Hollywood film actor
- Brynn Williams, Broadway performer
- Stacy Wolf, Author and musical theatre director and professor
# Awards.
- 2014 Accessibility Leadership Award, Howard County Commission on Disability Issues
- 2015 Family Friendly Business Award, Howard County Department of Citizen's Services
- 2016 Friends of Education Award, Howard County Public Schools
- 2016 Cherry Adler Award, The Maryland State Arts Council, Maryland Department of Commerce
# Community Partners.
- Baltimore City Public School System
- Howard County Public School System
- Howard | 6,133,881 |
55515051 | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia%20Center%20for%20Theatrical%20Arts | Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts
Business Award, Howard County Department of Citizen's Services
- 2016 Friends of Education Award, Howard County Public Schools
- 2016 Cherry Adler Award, The Maryland State Arts Council, Maryland Department of Commerce
# Community Partners.
- Baltimore City Public School System
- Howard County Public School System
- Howard County Recreation and Parks
- Kennedy Krieger Institute
- Howard County Arts Council
- Howard Community College
- Howard County General Hospital: A member of Johns Hopkins Medicine
# See also.
- Toby's Dinner Theatre
- Young Columbians
- Helen Hayes Award
- Theater in Washington, D.C.
- Greater Baltimore Theater Awards
# External links.
- Official website | 6,133,882 |
55515138 | Katerina Zhidkova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katerina%20Zhidkova | Katerina Zhidkova
Katerina Zhidkova
Katerina Zhidkova (born 28 September 1989) is a Ukrainian-born Azerbaijani volleyball player who plays for CSM Volei Alba Blaj and the Azerbaijani national team. She also played for Azerrail Baku.
She participated at the 2017 Women's European Volleyball Championship. | 6,133,883 |
55515148 | Krystsina Yagubova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krystsina%20Yagubova | Krystsina Yagubova
Krystsina Yagubova
Krystsina Yagubova (born 13 February 1996) is a Belarusian-born Azerbaijani volleyball player for Azerrail Baku and the Azerbaijani national team.
She participated at the 2017 Women's European Volleyball Championship. | 6,133,884 |
55515180 | Live (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live%20(TV%20series) | Live (TV series)
Live (TV series)
Live () is a 2018 South Korean television series starring Jung Yu-mi, Lee Kwang-soo, Bae Sung-woo and Bae Jong-ok. It aired on tvN from March 10 to May 6, 2018 every Saturday and Sunday at 21:00 (KST).
It is one of the highest rated Korean dramas in cable television history.
# Synopsis.
"Live" tells the story of police officers - from the lowest field cadets and patrol officers, to their superiors including corporals, captains, and more - as they form the 'Live' team at the Hongil patrol division. Each officer has their own story, and each works hard in their own places at one of the busiest, most stressful jobs in the world, in order to earn a living.
# Cast.
## Main.
- | 6,133,885 |
55515180 | Live (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live%20(TV%20series) | Live (TV series)
Jung Yu-mi as Han Jung-oh
- Lee Kwang-soo as Yeom Sang-soo
- Bae Sung-woo as Oh Yang-chon
- Bae Jong-ok as Ahn Jang-mi
## Supporting.
- Shin Dong-wook as Choi Myung-ho
- Lee Si-eon as Kang Nam-il
- Lee Joo-young as Song Hye-ri
- Kim Gun-woo as Kim Han-pyo
- Sung Dong-il as Ki Han-sol
- Jang Hyun-sung as Eun Kyung-mo
- Lee Soon-jae as Oh Yang-chon's father
- Yeom Hye-ran as Sang-soo's mother
# Production.
This is Noh Hee-kyung and Kim Kyu-tae's fifth collaboration; actor Lee Kwang-soo had previously worked with both Kim and Noh on "It's Okay, That's Love" and Noh on "Dear My Friends".
The first script reading was held on November 16, 2017.
# Original soundtrack.
“But if we could | 6,133,886 |
55515180 | Live (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live%20(TV%20series) | Live (TV series)
ook as Choi Myung-ho
- Lee Si-eon as Kang Nam-il
- Lee Joo-young as Song Hye-ri
- Kim Gun-woo as Kim Han-pyo
- Sung Dong-il as Ki Han-sol
- Jang Hyun-sung as Eun Kyung-mo
- Lee Soon-jae as Oh Yang-chon's father
- Yeom Hye-ran as Sang-soo's mother
# Production.
This is Noh Hee-kyung and Kim Kyu-tae's fifth collaboration; actor Lee Kwang-soo had previously worked with both Kim and Noh on "It's Okay, That's Love" and Noh on "Dear My Friends".
The first script reading was held on November 16, 2017.
# Original soundtrack.
“But if we could try better together, everyday forever” (background song)
# Ratings.
In this table, represent the lowest ratings and represent the highest ratings. | 6,133,887 |
55515068 | Greg Cundle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greg%20Cundle | Greg Cundle
Greg Cundle
Gregory Vincent Cundle (born 20 March 1997) is an English footballer who plays as a forward for Concord Rangers. Previously of Gillingham, he has spent time at non-league clubs East Grinstead Town, Tilbury, Margate, Billericay Town, Bishop's Stortford and Kingstonian.
# Club career.
A graduate of Gillingham's youth setup, Cundle signed a one-year professional contract with the club in the summer of 2015. In the 2015–16 season, he had spells on loan at East Grinstead Town of the Isthmian League South Division, for whom he scored 11 goals in all competitions, 8 in the league; at Tilbury, for whom he scored twice in seven Isthmian League North Division matches in February 2016; and | 6,133,888 |
55515068 | Greg Cundle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greg%20Cundle | Greg Cundle
at Margate, for whom he scored once in five National League South matches in March. The goal came on his first appearance, in a 3–1 defeat against Maidenhead United.
After a loan deal with Billericay Town from 31 August to 28 October 2016 during which he scored four times, he joined Bishop's Stortford, again on loan, on 22 December. He was recalled by Gillingham in early March 2017, and made his English Football League debut on 18 March in a 4–1 defeat away to Rochdale in League One.
In May 2017, he accepted Gillingham's offer of a one-year contract extension.
Following his release from Gillingham, he enjoyed spells with Kingstonian and East Grinstead Town before a move to National League | 6,133,889 |
55515068 | Greg Cundle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greg%20Cundle | Greg Cundle
ve National League South matches in March. The goal came on his first appearance, in a 3–1 defeat against Maidenhead United.
After a loan deal with Billericay Town from 31 August to 28 October 2016 during which he scored four times, he joined Bishop's Stortford, again on loan, on 22 December. He was recalled by Gillingham in early March 2017, and made his English Football League debut on 18 March in a 4–1 defeat away to Rochdale in League One.
In May 2017, he accepted Gillingham's offer of a one-year contract extension.
Following his release from Gillingham, he enjoyed spells with Kingstonian and East Grinstead Town before a move to National League South side, Concord Rangers in May 2019. | 6,133,890 |
55515251 | Mudjackin' | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mudjackin' | Mudjackin'
Mudjackin'
Mudjackin' is a 2013 American independent film written and directed by Christopher Good. Set in the Ozarks, the film follows siblings Dustin and Mo who struggle to run a mudjacking business in Kansas City while pursuing dreams of escaping their hometown and succeeding as musicians. Along the way, they encounter neo-Nazi underground filmmakers, gun-toting ICE agents, a popular Brooklyn indie rock band struggling to record their next album, and a homicidal fast food employee. The film stars Jimmy Darrah, Wilson Vance, Leone Reeves, Shannon Michalski, Matt Cygnet, Brandon Nemeth, and Josh Fadem. The film has been praised by critics for its vigorous pacing, kinetic editing, and sharp | 6,133,891 |
55515251 | Mudjackin' | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mudjackin' | Mudjackin'
et in the Ozarks, the film follows siblings Dustin and Mo who struggle to run a mudjacking business in Kansas City while pursuing dreams of escaping their hometown and succeeding as musicians. Along the way, they encounter neo-Nazi underground filmmakers, gun-toting ICE agents, a popular Brooklyn indie rock band struggling to record their next album, and a homicidal fast food employee. The film stars Jimmy Darrah, Wilson Vance, Leone Reeves, Shannon Michalski, Matt Cygnet, Brandon Nemeth, and Josh Fadem. The film has been praised by critics for its vigorous pacing, kinetic editing, and sharp sense of humor. The film is also a welcome addition to all those who work in the mudjacking industry. | 6,133,892 |
55515183 | Richard Rudgard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Rudgard | Richard Rudgard
Richard Rudgard
Richard Cuthbert Rudgard, OBE (born 28 December 1901; died 19 April 1985) was Archdeacon of Basingstoke from 1958 until his retirement in 1971.
The son of Canon Richard Wiliam Rudgard, he was educated at Radley and St Augustine's College, Canterbury. He was ordained in 1934 after several years with the Melanesian Mission. He was curate at Heene from 1934 to 1936 when he became Rector of Newbold Pacey with Moreton Morrell. When World War Two began he became a Chaplain to the Forces, during which he was Mentioned in despatches thrice. In 1946 he became Rector of Eversley and was Rural Dean of Odiham from 1953 to 1958. He was the Incumbent at Ellisfield from 1960 to 1974. | 6,133,893 |
55515082 | James C. Tsai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20C.%20Tsai | James C. Tsai
James C. Tsai
James C. Tsai is President, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, the USA's first and longest-operating specialty hospital, founded in 1820. He also serves as the Delafield-Rodgers Professor of Ophthalmology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and serves as System Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology at the Mount Sinai Health System.
Tsai published the first taxonomy of medication compliance and adherence barriers in patients with glaucoma, the initial paper describing the isolated-check visual evoked potential (icVEP) technology for patients with glaucoma, and one of the first studies evaluating the use of erythropoietin for neuroprotection in an animal | 6,133,894 |
55515082 | James C. Tsai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20C.%20Tsai | James C. Tsai
model of glaucoma.
# Biography.
Tsai received his B.A. in Neuroscience from Amherst College in 1985, his M.D. from Stanford University School of Medicine in 1989, and his M.B.A. in Business Administration in 1998 from the Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University. He served his residency in Ophthalmology at Doheny Eye Institute at the University of Southern California, 1990-1993, his fellowship in glaucoma at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 1993-1994, and another fellowship in glaucoma at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, 1994-1995.
Former positions include Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Residency | 6,133,895 |
55515082 | James C. Tsai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20C.%20Tsai | James C. Tsai
Program Director, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, as well as Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Director, Glaucoma Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.
Tsai then served as Robert R. Young Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Science and Chair, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine and Chief of Ophthalmology, Yale-New Haven Hospital.
# Research.
Tsai's research includes the identification of neuroprotective molecules that can shield the optic nerve from damage without lowering intraocular | 6,133,896 |
55515082 | James C. Tsai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20C.%20Tsai | James C. Tsai
pressure, evaluation of medical adherence and surgical outcomes in patients with glaucoma, and development of advanced vision testing techniques.
His more recent research includes the long-term safety and efficacy of the Ahmed Shunt versus the Baerveldt Shunt Implant, optimizing and enhancing medication adherence in patients with glaucoma, and understanding the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma.
# Professional affiliations and activities.
Tsai has served as editorial board member for 10 scientific journals. He is a consultant for Aerie Pharmaceuticals, inc., Eyenovia Inc., Nektar Therapeutics, and Shire. He has also held the follow leadership positions:
- | 6,133,897 |
55515082 | James C. Tsai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20C.%20Tsai | James C. Tsai
Chair of the New York Academy of Medicine's Ophthalmology Section (2016–present)
- Spokesperson for Glaucoma, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health (2011–present)
- Chair, Glaucoma Subcommittee, National Eye Health Education Program (NEHEP) Planning Committee, National Eye Institute / National Institutes of Health (2010 – present)
- President, Chinese American Ophthalmological Society (2008-2010)
# Honors.
- Visionary Award, Fight for Sight, Inc.; 2007
- Elected Membership, American Ophthalmological Society; 2008
- Senior Achievement Award, American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2009
- Distinguished Alumnus Award, Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California; 2013
- | 6,133,898 |
55515082 | James C. Tsai | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20C.%20Tsai | James C. Tsai
Secretariat Award, American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2015
- Physician Scientist Award, Fight for Sight, Inc.; 2015
- Trustee Emeritus, Amherst College; (2015–present)
- Elected Fellow, the New York Academy of Medicine; 2016
# Publications.
He has authored approximately 85 peer-reviewed articles and chapters in the "Oxford American Handbook of Ophthalmology" and "Medical Management of Glaucoma" (3 editions).
His most cited journal articles are:
- Tsai JC, McClure CA, Ramos SE, Schlundt DG, Pichert JW. Compliance Barriers in Glaucoma: A Systematic Classification. "J Glaucoma" 2003; 12(5): 393-8. (cited 322 times according to GoogleScholar )
- Sivak-Callcott JA, O’Day DM, Gass JD, Tsai | 6,133,899 |
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