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54002853 | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017–18%20Arsenal%20F.C.%20season | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season
Wenger. However, on 8 March the Gunners responded in the Europa League first leg match where they won 2–0 against A.C. Milan in Italy and three days on they would win 3–0 at home to Watford thanks to goals by Shkodran Mustafi, Aubameyang and Henrikh Mkhitaryan. It was also the match where Petr Čech finally kept his 200th Premier League clean sheet and he had to save Troy Deeney's penalty to ensure this. The Gunners' final match of March was the second leg of the Europa League round at the Emirates. Milan took the lead on 35 minutes but Arsenal went on to win 3–1 with goals by Danny Welbeck and Granit Xhaka with the former scoring a brace. The Gunners won the tie 5–1 on aggregate thus taking | 6,137,900 |
54002853 | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017–18%20Arsenal%20F.C.%20season | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season
them into the quarter-finals of the Europa League.
# Transfers.
## Transfers in.
Arsenal's announced their first summer signing, Sead Kolašinac, on 6 June 2017. The left-back arrived on a free transfer when his contract at Schalke 04 expired. He was joined by Alexandre Lacazette just under a month later, who joined from Lyon for a reported club-record fee of £46.5 million on 5 July. Arsenal's first January transfer window signing was Greek defender Konstantinos Mavropanos from PAS Giannina, while acquiring Armenian international Henrikh Mkhitaryan in a swap-deal with Alexis Sánchez on 22 January 2018. The club then reunited Mkhitaryan with former teammate Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang in a club-record | 6,137,901 |
54002853 | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017–18%20Arsenal%20F.C.%20season | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season
deal worth £56.0 million on 31 January.
Total spending: Undisclosed
## Transfers out.
Arsenal released Yaya Sanogo, Stefan O'Connor, Kostas Pilea and Kristopher Da Graca on 9 June 2017. Sanogo's four-year stay only included 11 league appearances for the club, while O'Connor, Pilea and Da Graca never appeared for the first team. Academy product Chris Willock joined Benfica on June 30 upon the expiry of his contract, signing a five-year deal. Kaylen Hinds, another academy product, departed the club on 8 July, joining Wolfsburg for £2.5 million on a three-year deal. Additional reserve players Glen Kamara and Daniel Crowley also departed the club, joining Dundee and Willem II respectively. Wojciech | 6,137,902 |
54002853 | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017–18%20Arsenal%20F.C.%20season | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season
Szczęsny, who amassed over 150 appearances for the club during an eight-year stay, joined Italian champions Juventus for £10.0 million after his two-year loan at Roma expired. Meanwhile, club mainstay Kieran Gibbs departed for West Bromwich Albion for a £7.0 million fee, leaving after recording 230 appearances over 11 seasons. On deadline day, Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, who was in the final year of his contract at the club, transferred to Liverpool for a record sale fee of £35.0 million and Donyell Malen returned to the Netherlands to join PSV Eindhoven. In the January window, Arsenal allowed the departures of many first-team players, including Theo Walcott and Francis Coquelin, who left for combined | 6,137,903 |
54002853 | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017–18%20Arsenal%20F.C.%20season | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season
fees of £32.0 million. Moreover, Alexis Sánchez departed to Manchester United in a swap-deal which saw Henrikh Mkhitaryan arrive at the Emirates, while also sanctioning the departures of French first-team pair Olivier Giroud and Mathieu Debuchy, while academy product Marcus McGuane joined Barcelona. All in all, 22 players departed the club.
Total income: Undisclosed
### Loans out.
Takuma Asano had his season-long loan at Stuttgart from the previous season extended for an additional year. Marc Bola later joined Bristol Rovers on a season-long loan. About three weeks later, Emiliano Martínez left for Getafe and Stephy Mavididi went to Preston North End. Meanwhile, English full-back pair Carl | 6,137,904 |
54002853 | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017–18%20Arsenal%20F.C.%20season | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season
Jenkinson and Cohen Bramall were loaned to Birmingham City, while reserve player Kelechi Nwakali departed to join Eredivisie outfit VVV-Venlo. On deadline day, fringe players Lucas Pérez and Joel Campbell, who have compiled 34 domestic appearances collectively, joined Spanish outfits Deportivo La Coruña and Real Betis respectively. In January, Stephy Mavididi had his loan cut short from Preston North End and, for the second time, was then loaned out to Charlton Athletic. English duo Tafari Moore and Ben Sheaf were then loaned out to fourth-tier sides Wycombe Wanderers and Stevenage, respectively, while four additional loans were completed on deadline day. Reserve pair Julio Pleguezuelo and Krystian | 6,137,905 |
54002853 | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017–18%20Arsenal%20F.C.%20season | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season
Bielik joined Gimnàstic Tarragona and Walsall, while fringe first-team players Chuba Akpom and Jeff Reine-Adélaïde were also loaned out to conclude Arsenal's transfers for the season.
## Overall transfer activity.
Spending
Summer: Undisclosed
Winter: Undisclosed
Total: Undisclosed
Income
Summer: Undisclosed
Winter: Undisclosed
Total: Undisclosed
Net expenditure
Summer: Undisclosed
Winter: Undisclosed
Total: Undisclosed
# Club.
## Kits.
Supplier: Puma / Sponsor: Fly Emirates
# Squad statistics.
## Appearances and goals.
"Numbers in parenthesis denote appearances as substitute. (R) denotes a reserve player.
# Pre-season.
On , Arsenal announced they would travel to Australia | 6,137,906 |
54002853 | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017–18%20Arsenal%20F.C.%20season | 2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season
statistics.
## Appearances and goals.
"Numbers in parenthesis denote appearances as substitute. (R) denotes a reserve player.
# Pre-season.
On , Arsenal announced they would travel to Australia as part of their pre-season schedule and play two matches against Sydney FC and Western Sydney Wanderers. The club also faced Bayern Munich in Shanghai as a part of the International Champions Cup, and Chelsea in Beijing. Arsenal then hosted the 2017 Emirates Cup, and played Benfica and Sevilla as part of the tournament.
# Competitions.
## Arsenal "Goal of the Season" award.
The Goal of the Season was awarded to Aaron Ramsey with his lobbed volley against CSKA Moscow in the UEFA Europa League. | 6,137,907 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
Zapad 2017 exercise
WEST 2017 (, ) was a joint strategic military exercise of the armed forces of the Russian Federation and Belarus (the Union State) that formally began on 14 September 2017 and ended on 20 September 2017, in Belarus as well as in Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast and Russia′s other north-western areas. According to the information made public by the Defence Ministry of Belarus prior to the exercise, fewer than 13,000 personnel of the Union State were to take part in the military maneuvers, a number that was not supposed to trigger mandatory formal notification and invitation of observers under the OSCE's Vienna Document.
Prior to the exercise, Western military analysts and officials | 6,137,908 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
cited the total number of Russian troops, security personnel and civilian officials to be involved in the broader war-games as being up to 100,000, which would make them Russia's largest since the Cold War. However, Western analysis after the drills put the troops number estimate significantly closer to the officially announced figures, with Thomas Möller, a Swedish officer observing the exercise, reporting only 12,400 troops present, slightly less than the Belarus claim of 12,700. Since 2016, concerns had been voiced by a number of NATO and Ukrainian officials over Russia's suspected ulterior motives and objectives in connection with the exercise.
# Advance information about the drills and | 6,137,909 |
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invitation of monitors.
Belarus is a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), a Eurasian military alliance of some of the former USSR republics led by Russia; Belarus chairs the bloc in 2017. The Belarusian–Russian strategic "Zapad" and operative "Shchit Soyuza" () exercises are scheduled events that are meant to be held on alternate years, in Belarus and Russia respectively, pursuant to the agreement reached by presidents of Russia and Belarus in September 2009.
Previous post-Soviet Zapad exercises were Zapad 1999, Zapad 2009, and .
The plan of the exercise was approved by Belarus president Alexander Lukashenko on 20 March 2017: it envisaged two stages and its theme | 6,137,910 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
was defined as "the use of groupings of troops (forces) in the interests of ensuring the military security of the Union State". The number of troops to be involved, according to Belarusian Defense Minister Andrei Ravkov, would not to exceed the threshold stipulated by the 2011 Vienna Document — no more than 13,000 personnel; geographically, it would span from multiple locations in Belarus to the Kola Peninsula within Russia's Arctic Circle. It was expected that some units of Russia's 1st Guards Tank Army, which was reconstituted in 2014, as well as 25 Russian aircraft would take part in the exercise in Belarus. According to Western media reports in July 2017, the tank army's task would be to | 6,137,911 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
establish a forward command post in western Belarus, and to hold exercises in training areas near the city of Brest. On 13 July 2017, the NATO-Russia Council convened in Brussels, in the course of which the two sides briefed each other on their upcoming drills: Zapad 2017 and NATO's Exercise Trident Javelin 2017. At the end of August 2017, Russian defence ministry said that the exercise would rehearse an anti-terrorist and purely defensive scenario that is not specific to any particular region and "may emerge in any location of the world". The plan of the exercise envisaged a conflict between the alliance of Russia and Belarus and the coalition of fictional "Lubenia", "Vesbaria", and "Veyshnoria", | 6,137,912 |
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the latter within the borders of Belarus.
Observers from NATO were invited to Zapad-2017 by both Belarus and Russia. The Belarusian foreign ministry said in mid-July 2017 that they had notified all the OSCE countries and intended to invite observers from a number of international organisations as well as from Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, Estonia (NATO contact state in Belarus in 2017), Sweden, and Norway. Also, Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko invited the U.S. delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. On 12 July 2017, in Vienna, Major-General Pavel Muraveiko, Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of | 6,137,913 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
Belarus, gave a detailed briefing on Zapad-2017 to the participants of the OSCE conference.
In mid-August, Lithuania said that it would send its military observers to the Zapad 2017 drills, in Belarus and Leningrad Oblast. Latvia, who previously, on 14 August, said it was still awaiting the relevant invitation from Russia, said it would send 3 observers, including its military attaché in Moscow, who was invited as an observer by Moscow. On 22 August, the Belarusian defence ministry said that observers from the UN, OSCE, NATO, Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), and International Committee of the Red Cross as well as from Latvia, Lithuania, | 6,137,914 |
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Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Sweden, and Norway had been invited to Zapad 2017.
On 24 August, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said that the military alliance would send two experts to attend the war games, after Minsk extended invitation; he said that Belarus had invited NATO to attend five distinguished visitors' days during the drills, and Russia had invited NATO to one such visitors' day; Stoltenberg said attending distinguished visitors' days did not constitute real monitoring and that NATO was seeking "a more thorough way of observing" Zapad 2017. The following day, the Russian foreign ministry issued a statement that dismissed NATO's complaints about alleged lack of transparency | 6,137,915 |
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as ungrounded; the statement reiterated that the exercise would involve up to 12,700 servicepersons, namely 7,200 from the armed forces of Belarus and 5,500 from the Russian forces, including 3,000 persons on the territory of Belarus.
On the eve of the exercise, the Belarusian foreign ministry said it had received an "unprecedented number" of accreditation requests from foreign news media (about 270).
The Army of the Philippines sent a ″high-level delegation to observe the final stage″ of Zapad 2017 in Luzhsky Testing Range in Leningrad Oblast, which was presented by the Philippine Ambassador to Russia Carlos D. Sorreta as ″just the beginning of what we expect to be a robust army-to-army engagement | 6,137,916 |
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in the years to come."
# Expert opinions and speculations prior to the drills.
Months prior to the Zapad 2017 exercise, NATO officials and Western military analysts began to speculate about the true number of troops to be involved as well as Russia's possible objectives other than those publicly announced. Such speculations were based on what was perceived as Russia's record of unannounced snap military exercises, and use of drills as a cover for military incursions, as well as a development of Russia's military posture in the country's western regions undertaken in 2016 that suggested plans for a protracted large-scale war. Western analysts speculated in July 2017 that the total number of | 6,137,917 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
Russian troops, security personnel and civilian officials to be involved in the broader war-games will range from 60,000 to 100,000, which would make them Russia's largest since the Cold War.
The theories mainly focused on Russia's putative schemes to attack Ukraine and/or reinforce Russia's military presence in Belarus with a view to further threatening Poland and Lithuania, or the Suwałki gap (the Lithuania–Poland border area) that is perceived by NATO strategists as vulnerable because of the geography. It was also suggested that the Union State created by Russia and Belarus in 1999 could be used by Russia as a legal cover to absorb Belarus.
On the other hand, Igor Sutyagin, a Research Fellow | 6,137,918 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
at the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies in London, suggested in August 2017 that the Zapad 2017 exercise was primarily meant as "a show of force", with the main rational purpose to ensure Moscow is capable of moving its troops around quickly through the vast terrain; he also noted that Russia's military efforts were "already overstretched". Similar assessments were made by Andrzej Wilk, a Senior Fellow of the Centre for Eastern Studies, in his article published in early September 2017, as well as by some other Western experts. Wilk also judged Zapad 2017 to have become "the core of an information war between Russia and NATO". In the same vein, Finland's defense | 6,137,919 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
minister Jussi Niinisto opined that by reacting so loudly the "Western countries had swallowed the bait" laid by Moscow in its information war with NATO.
# Reactions of NATO, Ukraine, and Sweden prior to the drills.
In the run-up to Zapad 2017, NATO and NATO member countries' officials sounded their concern and called on Russia to allow inspections of the drills for the purposes of transparency. In July and August 2017, a number of NATO countries' senior military officials such as U.S. general Raymond A. Thomas, commander of the United States Special Operations Command, Poland's Deputy Defence Minister Michał Dworczyk, and Ben Hodges, commanding general, United States Army Europe, expressed | 6,137,920 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
their suspicion that the maneuvers might be used as a pretext to increase Russia's military presence in Belarus and permanently deploy its troops there in a bid to counterbalance NATO's eastern reinforcement. On their part, Russia and Belarus maintained that Zapad 2017 was a scheduled event of strictly defensive nature, its scale being significantly smaller than NATO's analogous drills. Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov in June 2017 emphasised the significance of Russia and Belarus being in the Union State and dismissed any speculations about Russia's ulterior goals as nonsense.
On 20 June 2017, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg answering a question about the exercise said: "We are | 6,137,921 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
going to follow and monitor the Zapad exercise area here closely, and all nations have the right to exercise their forces but it is important that nations, be it Belarus or Russia, exercise their forces that they do that in accordance with well established guidelines and agreements and international obligations and we have something called the Vienna document which outlines how exercises have to be notified and be subject to international inspections and we call on Russia and also Belarus to do that in accordance with the Vienna document so that we have transparency, predictability related to Zapad 2017. We are also working in the framework of the NATO-Russia Council to have more transparency, | 6,137,922 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
predictability, connected to military posture but also exercises, and that is always important but especially important now when we see more military presence along our borders in this region. It's even more important to have transparency, international observation of exercises like Zapad."
In July 2017, the U.S. announced it would deploy a Patriot missile battery, helicopters and a National Guard tank company to Sweden (not a member of NATO) in September to join Sweden′s largest military drills in some 30 years; the move was not officially billed as a response to Russia's concurrent Zapad. Also, as part of the U.S.-funded Operation Atlantic Resolve, the U.S. was planning to deploy some 600 | 6,137,923 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
paratroopers (the 173rd Airborne Brigade′s 1st Squadron, 91st Cavalry Regiment) to the Baltic countries to be positioned in Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia for the duration of the Zapad 2017 exercise.
On 7 September, Germany's defence minister Ursula von der Leyen told reporters at EU defense ministers' meeting in Tallinn, Estonia: "It is undisputed that we are seeing a demonstration of capabilities and power of the Russians. Anyone who doubts that only has to look at the high numbers of participating forces in the Zapad exercise: more than one hundred thousand."
On 16 August 2017, the Ukrainian Defense Minister Stepan Poltorak told journalists: "We are monitoring the situation. We are aware | 6,137,924 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
of all the movements of Russian troops along our border. We realize which threats may arise, and we are going to adequately respond to both the existing threats and the threats posed by the war game." On 1 September, Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Viktor Muzhenko said that "for the purposes of adequate reaction to external threats, in particular, those related to the Zapad 2017 exercise", Ukraine had modify the plan of its military training, namely it would conduct strategic command and control drills between 12 September and 15 September. In his annual address to parliament on 7 September 2017, Ukraine's president Petro Poroshenko, referring to Zapad 2017, said that | 6,137,925 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
there was "more and more evidence for [Russia's] preparations for an offensive war of continental proportions."
On the eve of the official kick-off of Zapad, Reuters cited a senior European security official as saying that Zapad would merge manoeuvres across Russia′s western military districts in a "complex, multi-dimensional aggressive, anti-NATO exercise". NATO was said to have taken a low-key approach by running few exercises concurrent with Zapad, including an annual sniper exercise in Lithuania. However, Sweden′s concurrent three-week "Aurora 17" exercise (begun 11 September 2017) involved c. 19,000 troops, including c. 1,500 troops from the United States, France, Norway and other NATO | 6,137,926 |
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states. The Swedish Armed Forces' High Command proposed that a direct telephone channel for preventing incidents in the Baltic region during the Zapad 2017 and Aurora 2017 exercises be established.
The Russian defence ministry announced that on 14 September 2017, NATO′s Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) General Curtis Scaparrotti initiated a telephone conversation with Russia′s Chief of General Staff General Valery Gerasimov dedicated to the Zapad drills; the conversation was billed as a follow-up to the meeting of Valery Gerasimov and the Chairman of the NATO Military Committee Petr Pavel in Baku, Azerbaijan, earlier in September.
# Protests in Minsk prior to the drills.
On 8 September | 6,137,927 |
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2017, in Minsk, Belarus, an unauthorised protest rally against the Zapad exercise took place, in which about 200 people took part. Among the slogans at the rally were: "Russia, go home!" and "This is our country, there will be no Russia here!". The Associated Press report on the rally noted: "Although police in the authoritarian former Soviet republic often harshly break up unsanctioned demonstrations, there were no arrests at [the] gathering." Russia's state-owned news agency RIA Novosti additionally reported on another, authorised rally in Minsk the same day, held by the opposition Belarusian Conservative Christian Party – BPF, at which anti-Zapad slogans were voiced as well.
# Preparatory | 6,137,928 |
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drills and logistical preparations.
According to the Russian defence ministry's statement, the practical preparation for Zapad 2017 began with command and control training in Moscow in March 2017.
On 7 August 2017, Russia's Northern Fleet, the most powerful of its four fleets, began special large-scale drills that were announced by Russian official media as a preparatory phase of the Zapad 2017 exercise; it was commanded directly by the commander-in-chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Korolev.
On 15 August 2017, Russia's military logistics units were announced to have started arriving in Belarus to make preparations for a joint special exercise scheduled for 21–25 August that involved | 6,137,929 |
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military units and logistics support organizations of the two countries' armed forces as part of the preparation for Zapad 2017.
Officially billed by the Belarusian Defence Ministry as part of preparations for Zapad 2017, on 23–25 August 2017, Russia and Belarus carried out joint tactical aviation drills that involved redeployment of aircraft and helicopters of the Russian Aerospace Forces to Belarusian military airfields; among other things, landing on a motorway was practised.
On 12 September, the Belarus defence ministry announced that the aircraft from Russia's Western Military District had been re-deployed to Belarus' airfields for the exercise; the Russian pilots "were warmly and cordially | 6,137,930 |
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welcomed on Belarusian soil" (in Machulishchy).
# The course of the exercise.
On 14 September 2017, the Russian MoD announced that the Zapad 2017 exercise had begun on the territory of Russia and Belarus: at six ranges in Belarus (Lepelsky, Losvido, Borisovsky, Osipovichesky, Ruzhansky, Domanovsky and Dretun training area) and three ranges in Russia (Luzhsky, Strugi Krasnye and Pravdinsky). The ministry said that Russian military transport aircraft had started to airlift personnel and hardware to be involved in the exercise. Under the exercise′s scenario, an information report stated that an illegal armed formation had been detected in a region of the Union State; the Western MD Command made | 6,137,931 |
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a decision to alert personnel of the 1st Tank Army stationed in the Moscow region. The troops with materiel marched to the railway loading station to be redeployed to the exercise area in the Republic of Belarus.
On early morning 15 September, it was announced that the 6th Air Army′s Staff and several formations and units were being re-deployed to operational airfields for drills ″at combined-arms ranges and in the Baltic Sea water zone″.
On 16 September, it was announced by the Western Military District's press service that 20 ships and support vessels of the Russian Baltic Fleet had gone to sea to conduct tasks within the Zapad-2017 exercise such as anti-submarine and air defense, artillery | 6,137,932 |
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firing on different types of targets. A wide range of activities took place in Belarus on that day. On the following day, the end of phase one of the drills was announced; the phase was analysed by experts as the defensive component of the exercise.
The details of phase two, the main stage of the exercise, were announced on 17 September. On 18 September, Russian president Vladimir Putin attended the exercise in the Leningrad Oblast. The following day, the mass media reported an incident that allegedly took place at the Luzhsky range, which was visited by Vladimit Putin, either on 17 or 18 September, in the course of which two people were hospitalized with injuries after a helicopter fired on | 6,137,933 |
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bystanders; the incident was denied by the Russian defence ministry. Belarusian president Lukashenko′s visit to Russia to attend the drills was said to have been cancelled, although this information was denied by officials of Belarus; president Lukashenko said that the original plan was for both presidents to attend the drills in Belarus but the plan had been altered due to the scale of the exercise. Lukashenko on 20 September visited the Borisovsky training area in Belarus and pronounced the exercise a success.
# Aftermath; analysis after.
On 19 September 2017, Poland′s defense minister Antoni Macierewicz suggested that the Zapad 2017 exercise would stretch beyond 20 September and would involve | 6,137,934 |
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a nuclear weapons component that was not officially announced.
On the final day of Zapad 2017, on 20 September 2017, Poland began a large national exercise, Dragon 17, in Zegrze north of Warsaw, with participation of some other NATO countries as well as Georgia and Ukraine; the drills that lasted until 29 September were presented by Russian media as Poland′s and NATO′s ″reply to Russia's Zapad 2017″ and were said to be significantly larger than Zapad 2017 in terms of troops and hardware involved.
On 28 September 2017, Ukraine's Commander-in-Chief (and Chief of the General Staff) Viktor Muzhenko told Reuters that Russia had left a significant part of its troops behind in Belarus after the exercise. | 6,137,935 |
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The Russian MoD refuted the claim and said that Viktor Muzhenko's allegations "demonstrate[d] scale of degradation of the Ukrainian General Staff and incompetence of its chief".
Speaking in an interview in Brussels on 5 October, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said NATO was assessing whether Russia had pulled out all the troops it had sent to Belarus for the exercise and that "it [was] too early to make any final assessment" on the drill.
On 6 October 2017, Russian defence minister Sergey Shoygu said, ″The goals of the drills have been reached. I am drawing special attention to the fact that all means and forces involved were returned to their permanent bases"; he also noted, "Western | 6,137,936 |
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media outlets were whipping up some very incredible and frightening scenarios of the exercises. At some point, some officials, among them certain state leaders, even called them a prelude to the seizure of foreign territories. All these lies were exposed right after the end of the exercises, which were purely defensive."
On 12 October 2017, the Russian defence ministry said that the United States had used the ″unprecedented hysteria″ fuelled by Western media around the Zapad 2017 exercise as cover to have illegally deployed the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team (the U.S. 1st Infantry Division) to Poland while the tanks (eighty-seven M1A1 Abrams tanks) and armoured vehicles of the 3rd Armored | 6,137,937 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
Brigade Combat Team (the 4th Infantry Division) had stayed in the region, despite the fact that the latter would have had to leave to comply with the 1997 NATO–Russia Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security.
On 8 November 2017, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said: ″ ... we have monitored and followed the Zapad exercise very closely, but we haven't seen that they have for instance left or remained with troops or equipment for instance in Belarus as we saw some speculations about before the exercise.″
On 22 November 2017, Russian president Vladimir Putin held a meeting with "the leadership of the MoD, defence industry complex, heads of ministries and regions", one | 6,137,938 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
in a series of his meetings with the leadership of the defence ministry and defence industry complex in Sochi at the end of November, at which the "results of the Zapad 2017 exercise were discussed" (according to the press service of the Kremlin) characterised by Putin as "the key event in the calendar of training"; in the part of his talk at the meeting that was made publicly available Putin stressed the importance of the ″civil aspects" thereof, namely the capacity of all types of big enterprises, including privately owned ones, to "quickly increase the volumes of defence products and services in the time of need." Putin′s words were interpreted by Russian mainstream media as his order to | 6,137,939 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
industry ″to prepare for war″.
## Analysis afterwards.
Western preliminary expert analysis after the drills concluded that the initial estimates of the number of troops to be involved published by Western commentators proved to be wrong and Russia had ″kep[t] the drills small, managed, and contained″. Mathieu Boulègue of Chatham House wrote: ″The Kremlin could therefore credibly claim that the West overreacted and fell victim to scaremongering and reporting rumours that Moscow was not being transparent about the nature of the exercise and its intentions. Short of entrapment, proving the West wrong is increasingly part of the Kremlin's political strategy which, in turn, strengthens Russia's | 6,137,940 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
sense of superiority. ... It did not rehearse a total war scenario but rather showed it is ready to raise the cost of deterrence in order to win while also imposing a tremendous cost on an invading army. ... Zapad showed that any army seeking to burst Russia's A2/AD bubble would bear a high enough cost as to be effectively beaten.″
Mary Dejevsky of "The Independent" wrote that the West′s hyping of a putative threat from the Russian military exercise ″was not warranted by the evidence and served a sharply anti-Russian Western agenda″; she also noted: ″One theory doing the rounds is that, with Zapad-2017, Russia contrived to set a trap which Western analysts and media duly fell into. More | 6,137,941 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
likely, I think, is that Russia is simply enjoying the novelty of finding itself on the right side of any information war.″
On 1 October 2017, "The New York Times" published a summary of the exercise emailed to them by the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency: ″Russia's forces are becoming more mobile, more balanced and capable of conducting the full range of modern warfare.″
Professor Lamont Colucci argued that one of the three strategic objectives that, according to him, Russia had achieved through the Zapad drills was ″remind[ing] Belarus who was the boss in the region″. Brian Whitmore of Radio Lberty concluded: ″[W]hile the Kremlin saw Zapad as a big psy-op to intimidate Poland, the Baltic | 6,137,942 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
states, and Ukraine, Belarus wasn't interested in a conflict with the West. And Lukashenka appeared to go out of his way to rain on Putin's military parade. ... the Zapad exercises, which were supposed to illustrate strategic unity between Russia and Belarus amid Moscow's escalating conflict with the West, instead highlighted how troubled this partnership has become.″
# See also.
- Aurora 17 in Sweden, with a similar extent and time frame
- Cold War II
- Vostok 2018
# External links.
- Zapad 2017 joined strategic Russian MoD
- The Road to Zapad 2017 CEPA StratCom
- Захад-2017 (Zapad 2017)
- Zapad on Belarus’s mind: 7th Belarus Reality Check Non-Paper Belarus Digest
- Учения и внезапные | 6,137,943 |
54003217 | Zapad 2017 exercise | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapad%202017%20exercise | Zapad 2017 exercise
conflict with the West. And Lukashenka appeared to go out of his way to rain on Putin's military parade. ... the Zapad exercises, which were supposed to illustrate strategic unity between Russia and Belarus amid Moscow's escalating conflict with the West, instead highlighted how troubled this partnership has become.″
# See also.
- Aurora 17 in Sweden, with a similar extent and time frame
- Cold War II
- Vostok 2018
# External links.
- Zapad 2017 joined strategic Russian MoD
- The Road to Zapad 2017 CEPA StratCom
- Захад-2017 (Zapad 2017)
- Zapad on Belarus’s mind: 7th Belarus Reality Check Non-Paper Belarus Digest
- Учения и внезапные проверки вооруженных сил России. Досье TASS | 6,137,944 |
54003731 | Novaport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novaport | Novaport
Novaport
Novaport Holding is a Russian transport company which operates regional airports, and holds interests in the operation of several other airports.
# History.
Before the official creation of Novaport, the company's owner bought a 38% stake in Tolmachevo Airport in 2004 and 48% of Barnaul Airport's operator. The airport operator Novaport was created in 2007 and acquired 100% of Kadala Airport's operator Aerochita.
In March 2008, Novaport announced a $1 billion budget to grow its portfolio of regional airports in the next 5 years. That same year, Novaport acquired 69% of Chelyabinsk Airport and 43% of Narimanovo Airport's operator.
In July 2011, Novaport took over the Sukhumi Babushara | 6,137,945 |
54003731 | Novaport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novaport | Novaport
Airport in Abkhazia, occupied region of Georgia (country) .
In September 2011, Novaport finalized the 51% purchase of the Tolmachevo Airport through its Moscow-based subsidiary AeroService Complex, bringing its participation to 68%. AeroService Complex then sold those 68% in August 2011 to Cyprus-based TS Trans Siberia, an offshore company also related to Roman Trotsanko, the owner of Novaport.
In November 2015, Novaport bought out the Murmansk Airport from its former owner, Gazprom Oil, with the aim to develop flights of the low-cost airline Podeba to the airport. In May 2016, Novaport presented its plan to build a new terminal to reach 1.7 million passengers by 2030 (from 751,300 in 2015).
In | 6,137,946 |
54003731 | Novaport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novaport | Novaport
July 2016, Novaport bought the Khrabrovo Airport and the Mineralnye Vody Airport from Aeroinvest.
In February 2017, Novaport invested $500K in the online service Grabr that provides a solution to buy any goods abroad by hiring a traveler.
In March 2017, Novaport expressed its interest in acquiring 100% of the Belgrade Airport.
In August 2017, Novaport began the discussion to purchase Omsk-Fyodorovka Airport, however in October 2017, Airports of Regions also made an interest to take part in the airport's construction.
# Operations.
Airports partially owned and/or managed by Novaport:
# Governance.
Novaport Holding is 50%-owned by Russian billionaire Roman Trotsenko, the former advisor | 6,137,947 |
54003731 | Novaport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novaport | Novaport
e Airport.
In August 2017, Novaport began the discussion to purchase Omsk-Fyodorovka Airport, however in October 2017, Airports of Regions also made an interest to take part in the airport's construction.
# Operations.
Airports partially owned and/or managed by Novaport:
# Governance.
Novaport Holding is 50%-owned by Russian billionaire Roman Trotsenko, the former advisor to the head of Rosneft. Novaport is a subsidiary of Roman Trotsenko's AEON Corporation, who is also the president of Russia's state-run United Shipbuilding Corporation. AEON Corporation also owns assets in the shipbuilding, telecommunications and real estate sectors.
The deputy CEO of the company is Anna Varshavskaya. | 6,137,948 |
54003788 | List of law schools in the Republic of Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20law%20schools%20in%20the%20Republic%20of%20Ireland | List of law schools in the Republic of Ireland
List of law schools in the Republic of Ireland
This is a list of law schools in Ireland.
# Public.
- Faculty of Law (University College Cork)
- Faculty of Law (National University of Ireland Galway)
- School of Law (Trinity College, Dublin)
- School of Law (Maynooth University)
- Sutherland School of Law (University College Dublin)
- School of Law (University of Limerick)
- School of Law and Government (Dublin City University)
# In Northern Ireland.
- School of Law (Queen's University, Belfast)
- School of Law (Ulster University)
# Professional.
- Kings Inns
- Law Society of Ireland
# IT sector.
- Athlone Institute of Technology
- Dublin Institute of Technology
- Sligo Institute | 6,137,949 |
54003788 | List of law schools in the Republic of Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20law%20schools%20in%20the%20Republic%20of%20Ireland | List of law schools in the Republic of Ireland
University)
# Professional.
- Kings Inns
- Law Society of Ireland
# IT sector.
- Athlone Institute of Technology
- Dublin Institute of Technology
- Sligo Institute of Technology
- Letterkenny Institute of Technology
- Waterford Institute of Technology
# Non-public, affiliated to law schools in other jurisdictions.
- Griffith College Dublin
- Griffith College Cork
- Dublin Business School Law School
- Independent College Dublin
# U.S. Law Schools running programmes in Ireland.
- Fordham University
- Notre Dame University
- University of Kansas
- Duquesne University
- University of Tulsa
- Quinnipiac University
- New England School of Law Boston
- University of Missouri | 6,137,950 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
Eastbourne Downland Estate
The Eastbourne Downland, Eastbourne Downs or Eastbourne Downland Estate, is an area of land at the easternmost end of the South Downs National Park in East Sussex, England. It was bought by the public, following threats to the beauty spots of Beachy Head and the surrounding farmland, which led to a public campaign and Act of Parliament in 1926. It is currently owned and managed, on behalf of the public, by Eastbourne Borough Council.
# Land Use.
1,199 hectares (2,963 acres) is farmed, while 490 hectares (1,211 acres) is open public access land, including the land around the internationally famed Beachy Head beauty spot and Belle Tout Lighthouse.
The farmland is | 6,137,951 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
divided into four farms: Bullock Down Farm, Chalk Farm, Black Robin Farm and Cornish Farm. The farmers pay rent to the people of Eastbourne through Eastbourne Borough Council.
Chalk Farm includes a hotel and learning disabilities centre. The Centre provides: "realistic training and work experience within the setting of a fully functioning hotel... for adults with learning disabilities, when they leave full-time education [and] for adults with learning disabilities of any working age." The ultimate aim of the centre is "to help students to increase their independent living skills as well as their ability to enter the real job market". The hotel was once a Priory, reportedly connected with The | 6,137,952 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
Benedictine Abbey of Grestein and once owned by Robert de Norton, the first Norman Lord of Pevensey and half-brother of William the Conqueror.
# 1926 Act of Parliament.
The Eastbourne Corporation Act of 1926 was passed in both Houses of Parliament. The new law empowered the local authority in the area of the Eastbourne Downland Estate, to increase local taxation to fund a compulsory purchase of the land comprising the Estate.
The purchase was completed in 1929, with tax money being transferred to two major local aristocratic landowning families for the land, sold at market rates. The amount paid was £91,291, 1s, 7d.
## Select Committee Hearing.
Here are notable extracts from the detailed | 6,137,953 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
minutes of evidence given before a Select Committee of the House of Lords in 1926:
Mr J Abady, Learned Counsel for Eastbourne Corporation, giving evidence: "The Corporation's desire, and I do not know that anybody questions it, is to preserve that beauty spot, to preserve it in its existing condition without being fenced in or ploughed up or built upon or dealt with in any way which would affect the general amenities. I do not think there is any question about that. The land in question consists of 4,100 acres. We want to ensure that the character of the land is preserved as it is at present."
Examination of the Mayor, Alderman Charles Knight, before the same Select Committee: "It is the deliberate | 6,137,954 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
intention of the Corporation, in promoting this clause, to secure the public the free and open use of the Downs in perpetuity?"
The Mayor replied: "Absolutely."
# 2017 protests.
In 2017, hundreds of concerned Eastbourne residents campaigned and marched for the continued public ownership of the Estate. Public pressure led to a policy change by Eastbourne Borough Council, cancelling the planned sale of the 4 farms within the Estate.
## Lobbying against the sale.
On 30 January 2017, Dr Tony Whitbread, Chair of the South Downs Network, an "independent, voluntary network of conservation, environmental and community organisations with an interest in the South Downs", published an open letter | 6,137,955 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
on the Network's behalf, addressed to David Tutt of Eastbourne Borough Council:
"We... urge you to stop the proposed sale... comprising three-quarters of the Eastbourne Downland Estate. This land is an invaluable public asset for the people of Eastbourne, for the local area and visitors from further afield. It has great value for its rich natural capital, its biodiversity and cultural heritage, to public amenity and the town’s drinking water supply. It is vital that ownership and management rest with... the democratic, publicly accountable local authority for Eastbourne... complying with the words and spirit of the 1926 Eastbourne Corporation Act. We strongly recommend that the Council rethinks | 6,137,956 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
its policy, looks more closely at the range of ecosystem services that the Eastbourne Downland generates and sets out a renewed vision for its Downs in harmony with its people. This should respect the fact that the land is held in trust by the Council on behalf of the people of Eastbourne. If you take this approach we will be more than happy to work with you, in partnership, to maximise the benefits from public land ownership; you can be assured that this would be a most popular move, applauded by the people of Eastbourne."
## U-turn on sale of Estate farms.
A new policy announcement was made at the start of March 2017, with the sale of the Downland Estate said to be "off the table".
## Responses | 6,137,957 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
to March 2017 announcement.
Margaret Paren, the Chair of the South Downs National Park Authority said on 7 March 2017: "We believe that this is a good decision for the farmers, for the environment, for the people of Eastbourne and for the National Park. The SDNPA will seek to work in partnership with... stakeholders to improve Eastbourne’s gateway to the National Park and to create an internationally respected exemplar of chalk grassland restoration. This marks the beginning of an exciting new chapter for this precious downland."
Caroline Ansell MP said on 8 March 2017: "The argument around protection of the land had not been won and the consultation with local people was deeply flawed."
# | 6,137,958 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
Conservation projects and standards.
## Sites of Special Scientific Interest.
There are several designated Sites of Special Scientific Interest within the Eastbourne Downland Estate. They include Willingdon Down, designated in 1986.
## Drinking Water.
The chalk aquifer underneath the Downland Estate is part of a larger natural water supply, that provides drinking water for 700,000 in the region. The Eastbourne Downland Estate falls into a government-designated Nitrate Vulnerable Zone.
## National Park.
On 12 November 2009, the South Downs National Park was created, including the Eastbourne Downland Estate. The Park is managed by the South Downs National Park Authority.
## Heritage Coast.
The | 6,137,959 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
Countryside Commission (predecessor to Natural England), designated the coastal part of the Estate the country's first ever stretch of Heritage Coast. This designation is for coast that "is of particular natural beauty or importance and is managed to preserve this largely undeveloped beauty".
## Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The Eastbourne Downland Estate was included in the Sussex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), designated by the Countryside Commission on 22 June 1965.
## Marine Conservation Zone.
The area west of Beachy Head was designated as an inshore marine conservation zone on 21 November 2013, titled Beachy Head West.
There have been calls from wildlife groups, | 6,137,960 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
politicians and local fishermen to create a Beachy Head East zone. Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee has identified this area as being at high risk of damage and degradation due to the presence of sensitive habitats and species.
## Plant Important Area.
The Estate is home to several designated Plant Important Areas, in recognition of the variety and ecological value of plant life in the area. At a marine level, these include areas with rich populations of algae.
## Countryside Stewardship Agreements.
As part of the Rural Development Programme for England, which replaced the Countryside Stewardship Scheme in 2014, funds are transferred from central government to | 6,137,961 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
help maintain and improve the Estate.
## Regionally Important Geomorphological Site.
The Estate is also a Regionally Important Geological Site (RIGS), a designation given for its value to Earth Science and earth heritage.
# Archaeological sites.
The estate contains 32 separately designated Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs). The four farms contain a large proportion of those SAMs including the most important of all: the Combe Hill Neolithic Causewayed Camp, as well as the much-researched Bullock Down prehistoric field system, the Eastdean Down field system, and many prehistoric burial barrows.
## Neolithic era.
Remains of flint flakes, hand tools and metal making have been found and studied | 6,137,962 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
on the areas now known as Bullock Down and Cornish Farms. Flints were selected to make Neolithic axes between 8500 and 4000BCE. There was a flint mine on Wilmington Hill.
There are three ‘settlement’ sites and a causewayed enclosure at Combe Hill (identified by Musson in 1950). Most of the sites are artefacts find-spots and although one cremation site (Drewett 1982) and two inhumations (Ray 1909) are recorded.
### Beachy Head Lady.
A skeleton was discovered during archaeological work in 1953. It has been dated as belonging to a person who lived in the Roman era, in approximately 245 AD. During a 2014 heritage project, it was further discovered that the skeleton had genetic heritage from | 6,137,963 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
sub-Saharan Africa. Jo Seaman, heritage officer at Eastbourne Borough Council was quoted as reporting: "We know this lady was around 30 years old [when she died], grew up in the vicinity of what is now East Sussex, ate a good diet of fish and vegetables, her bones were without disease and her teeth were in good condition."
# Management.
As of 2016, the management of the Eastbourne Downland Estate is the overall responsibility of Eastbourne Borough Council. The Council delegate day-to-day responsibility to Strutt & Parker (part of Christie's group), who act as land management agents, and to the four working farmers for various processes of land management work.
## The Downland Management Plan | 6,137,964 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
and the Eastbourne Downland Forum.
Eastbourne Borough Council publish an Eastbourne Downland Management Plan periodically, intended as a summary of goals and strategies for land management of the Estate.
According to the Eastbourne Downland Management Plan 2015-22, Appendix A, authored by Eastbourne Borough Council on 8 May 2015, the management of the Estate is also "influenced" by the Eastbourne Downland Forum. The Forum was created in the 1990s, as a means for stakeholders to meet and advise on management of the Estate.
Neither minutes of its meetings, nor records of those in attendance, are published. There is no record of the Eastbourne Downland Forum influencing the Downland management, | 6,137,965 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
or even issuing a recommendation or guidance.
## Downland Ranger Service.
For most of the 20th Century frontline Estate management was delegated to a Downland Ranger Service.
British Pathé News filmed the Downland Ranger for an international newsreel in 1949. In the item, Constable Henry Poole and his horse Thomas are shown to leave a stable at a Downs Police Station operated by Eastbourne County Borough Police. He is depicted later, variously: warning children not to sit on the edge of cliffs at Beachy Head; rounding up cattle; saving the lives of a ewe and a pigeon; putting out a small fire; receiving a note from a shepherd.
In the late 1990s, "practical management of the land [was] carried | 6,137,966 |
54003697 | Eastbourne Downland Estate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne%20Downland%20Estate | Eastbourne Downland Estate
ut a small fire; receiving a note from a shepherd.
In the late 1990s, "practical management of the land [was] carried out by the Council's Downland Ranger Service and by various contractors who [were] supervised by the Ranger Service. The Council also [had] an Arboriculturist Officer to supervise the management of the 250 acres of deciduous woodland mostly on the Eastbourne Downland eastern escarpment."
The Downland Ranger Service was closed in 2008 by Eastbourne Borough Council. The Council argued that the South Downs National Park Authority would serve as a replacement. The Authority was not founded until 2009 and replacement Eastbourne Downland Ranger posts were not created, as of 2016. | 6,137,967 |
54003732 | MasterChef Korea Celebrity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MasterChef%20Korea%20Celebrity | MasterChef Korea Celebrity
MasterChef Korea Celebrity
MasterChef Korea Celebrity () is a South Korean competitive cooking game show. It is spin-off of "MasterChef Korea", itself an adaptation of the British show "MasterChef", and features celebrity contestants. The program was broadcast on O'live from February 22 to April 12, 2013 for 8 episodes. The last winner received ₩100,000,000 and a refrigerator of the sponsor as prize.
# Judges.
- Chef Kim Sohyi
- Chef
- Food marketing expert Noh Hee-young (노희영)
# List of episodes and detail of missions.
## Episode 1 (February 22).
For 60 minutes, make a most confident dish using all skills to show the passion in cooking. The winner could choose the main mission's theme | 6,137,968 |
54003732 | MasterChef Korea Celebrity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MasterChef%20Korea%20Celebrity | MasterChef Korea Celebrity
ingredient first and could distribute its to other contestants.
For 60 minutes, make dish using the kind of noodles distributed by the mystery box's winner, who was safe from elimination and did not compete in this mission: Dang-myeon (Son Ho-young), Pasta (Lee Gye-in, Shin Eun-jung), Memil-myeon (Hwayobi, Henry), Ssal-guksu-myeon (Shin Bong-sun, Jiyul), So-myeon (Seo Hye-jeong, Kim Sung-soo), Kal-guksu-myeon (Tony An)
## Episode 2 (March 1).
For 60 minutes, make exactly anything that chef Kang Leo has made after observing his cooking process and tasting his dish. The winner could choose the main mission's theme ingredient first and could distribute its to other contestants.
For 60 minutes, | 6,137,969 |
54003732 | MasterChef Korea Celebrity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MasterChef%20Korea%20Celebrity | MasterChef Korea Celebrity
make dish using the kind of sauce or paste distributed by the mystery box's winner: Ganjang (Kim Sung-soo, Hwayobi, Fei), Gochujang (Lee Kye-in, Shin Bong-sun, Henry), Doenjang (Shin Eun-jung, Tony An, Son Ho-young)
## Episode 3 (March 8).
For 60 minutes, make dish using anything brought back (from ingredients to tools) by the managers, who have only five minutes (included in the cooking time) to choose the ingredients.
For 10 minutes, make a gyeran-mari with ten eggs after observing the dish of Kim Seung-min, MasterChef Korea Season 1's winner. The mystery box's winner was safe from elimination and did not compete in this mission.
## Episode 4 (March 15).
For 60 minutes, make a meal suitable | 6,137,970 |
54003732 | MasterChef Korea Celebrity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MasterChef%20Korea%20Celebrity | MasterChef Korea Celebrity
for spring picnic and arrange in three layers of box (one for rice, one for fruit and one for side dish).
Taste chef Kim Sohyi's bibimbap and guess the ingredients in it (out of 21). Each contestant was called in to do the mission which would be stopped when they guess a wrong ingredient. Who have the least answers would be eliminated. The mystery box's winner was safe from elimination and did not compete in this mission.
Result (sort by mission execution order): Kim Sung-soo (9), Son Ho-young (10), Shin Eun-jung (10), Tony An (8), Shin Bong-sun (9), Henry (9)
## Episode 5 (March 22).
For 60 minutes, make a meal suitable for children using dairy products in the box. Two child chefs appeared | 6,137,971 |
54003732 | MasterChef Korea Celebrity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MasterChef%20Korea%20Celebrity | MasterChef Korea Celebrity
as the special judges for this mission.
For 60 minutes, make a special waffle dish. The mystery box's winner was safe from elimination and did not compete in this mission.
## Episode 6 (March 29).
For 2 hours, make a three-meal menu for a party of 47 female guests. Five contestants divided into two teams whose the leader are the mystery box's winner and the best dish's contestant in previous episode. Guests would vote directly for their favorite dish by pressing the corresponding color button of the team.
- Red Team (win): Shin Bong-sun (leader), Fei
- Blue Team (lose): Hwayobi (leader), Shin Eun-jung, Son Ho-young
For 60 minutes, make dish using the leftover foods in fridge. Only two | 6,137,972 |
54003732 | MasterChef Korea Celebrity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MasterChef%20Korea%20Celebrity | MasterChef Korea Celebrity
members of the losing team competed in this mission, team leader Hwayobi decided that she and Shin Eun-jung would compete, i.e. Son Ho-young was safe from elimination and did not compete in this mission.
## Episode 7 (April 5).
For 30 minutes, make a simple and healthy breakfast using the ingredients in the box. The winner could choose the main mission's theme ingredient first.
For 60 minutes, make dish using the theme ingredient chosen by another contestant. Except the mystery box's winner, after choosing the theme ingredient, all contestants had to invert the cooking place included their theme ingredient chosen.
- Before: Son Ho-young (Crab), Shin Bong-sun (Chicken), Hwayobi (Pork), Fei | 6,137,973 |
54003732 | MasterChef Korea Celebrity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MasterChef%20Korea%20Celebrity | MasterChef Korea Celebrity
theme ingredient chosen by another contestant. Except the mystery box's winner, after choosing the theme ingredient, all contestants had to invert the cooking place included their theme ingredient chosen.
- Before: Son Ho-young (Crab), Shin Bong-sun (Chicken), Hwayobi (Pork), Fei (Clam)
- After: Son Ho-young (Crab), Shin Bong-sun (Pork), Hwayobi (Clam), Fei (Chicken)
## Episode 8 (April 12).
For 2 hours, make a Korean three-course meal (Appetizer – Main course – Dessert).
Some guests appeared as supporters: former contestants such as Lee Kye-in, Seo Hye-jeong, Shin Eun-jung, Hwayobi, and other celebrities such as Park Jin-young, Kim Sook, , Danny Ahn, Jia (Miss A), 15& and Baek A-yeon. | 6,137,974 |
54003713 | Woman's Press Club of New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woman's%20Press%20Club%20of%20New%20York%20City | Woman's Press Club of New York City
Woman's Press Club of New York City
Woman's Press Club of New York City (November 19, 1889 - 1980) was an American professional association for women journalists and authors. Located at 126 East 23rd Street, in Manhattan, the organization was founded by Jane Cunningham Croly in Manhattan in 1889, incorporated in 1919, and disbanded in 1980.
# History.
The Woman's Press Club of New York City was founded by Croly on November 19, 1889, in New York City, with 40 women from the city's papers. The mission of the club, according to its constitution, was to gain advantages for women arising from unity, fellowship, and co-operation with those engaged in similar pursuits. To be mutually helpful is the | 6,137,975 |
54003713 | Woman's Press Club of New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woman's%20Press%20Club%20of%20New%20York%20City | Woman's Press Club of New York City
requirement among its members. The organization focused on civic projects, journalism scholarships, lectures, literary activities, and social activities for its membership.
The Women's Press Club was incorporated in New York in 1919, with Kate M. Bostwick, Julia Linthicum, Cynthia M. Westover, Haryot H. Cahoon and Anna Warren Story trustees. The organization disbanded in 1980. The minutes, reports, press books, scrapbooks, correspondence, lists, financial records, and printed materials of the Woman's Press Club of New York City are held by Columbia University Libraries.
# Membership.
Not all of the club members belonged to the metropolitan press, but all of them had attained some recognition | 6,137,976 |
54003713 | Woman's Press Club of New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woman's%20Press%20Club%20of%20New%20York%20City | Woman's Press Club of New York City
in the field of literature, or a similar profession, which entitled them to membership. Croly, the founder, served as president until her death in 1901. Sara Jane Lippincott was the club's first vice-president.
Beginning with 40 women in 1889, membership increased to over 100 by 1893. Prominent members in the early years of the club were Eliza Archard Conner, of the American Press Association, Eleanor Maria Easterbrook Ames (pseud. Eleanor Kirk), who published a sheet entitled "Eleanor Kirk's Ideas", Miss E. G. Gordon of the "New York World", Florence Finch Kelly of "The San Francisco Examiner", Annie Kershaw DeMontaigue (pseud. Countess Annie de Montaigu), Elita Proctor Otis, Kate M. Bostwick | 6,137,977 |
54003713 | Woman's Press Club of New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woman's%20Press%20Club%20of%20New%20York%20City | Woman's Press Club of New York City
of the "Brooklyn Eagle", Hester Martha Poole, Mrs. Jennie Holtzmeyer Posenfeld, wife of Sydney Rosenfeld, Mary Foot Seymour, editor of "The Business Woman's Journal", Miriam Leslie, Eliza J. Nicholson of the "New Orleans Picayune", and Emma Beckwith, Brooklyn's former candidate for mayor. The executive committee was composed of Bostwick, Connor, Florence Carpenter Ives, and Calrica La Favre. Members wore a purple and gold circlet.
# Meetings.
The regular meetings of the club occurred on the second and last Saturdays of each month, except during the months of July, August, and September. The first of these meetings was for business, and the second for social and literary purposes. The rooms | 6,137,978 |
54003713 | Woman's Press Club of New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woman's%20Press%20Club%20of%20New%20York%20City | Woman's Press Club of New York City
were open, however, at any time for the use of the club members, such as for a social chat, or to prepare an article for the press.
# Headquarters.
The club was located at 126 East 23rd Street, in Manhattan. Tables and light camp chairs necessary for the regular meetings were the first things furnished. Then members contributed furniture, china, and silver. The suite consisted of four apartments and a bathroom. The walls of the large front room, which served as parlor, were of terra cotta with a frieze having in it a tracery of deeper tones. The ceiling was of cream white with tints of dull pink and green, and the floor of parquetry in dark and light woods.
A cherry mantel with tiling of | 6,137,979 |
54003713 | Woman's Press Club of New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woman's%20Press%20Club%20of%20New%20York%20City | Woman's Press Club of New York City
tawny brown was on one side of the room, and against the opposite wall was the president's chair with a long oak table in front of it. This chair was of the Gothic style, in black walnut with leather upholstering, and was purchased with a US$50 check sent for the purpose by Leslie. Over it hung an etching by Kruseman Van Etten, sent by Otis. The table was the gift of the executive committee. The Dagestan rug which lay in front of the table was sent by another member, a pupil of St. Gondins, who also contributed some hand-painted china. Next to the chimney was a bookcase and tea tables. In the large back room the walls were grayish blue, with a frieze of old gold and gilt, while the mantel was | 6,137,980 |
54003713 | Woman's Press Club of New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woman's%20Press%20Club%20of%20New%20York%20City | Woman's Press Club of New York City
of oak with olive tiling. A large Japanese screen was the gift of Croly, and the china cups and saucers in the cupboard were contributions from various members. A Persian cup and two Dresden cups and saucers were from Mrs. Fleming, wife of a prominent New York physician, while the antique chair nearby was the gift of Kate Bostwick. A solid silver tea urn was purchased by the club.
# Notable people.
- Marguerite Moore
# Selected works.
- 1892, "Entertainment of the Woman's Press Club of New York : Tuesday afternoon, February ninth, 1892, at the Casino"
- 1897, "Woman's Press Club of New York City, organized 1889 : constitution and by-laws"
- 1904, "Memories of Jane Cunningham Croly, "Jenny | 6,137,981 |
54003713 | Woman's Press Club of New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woman's%20Press%20Club%20of%20New%20York%20City | Woman's Press Club of New York City
contributions from various members. A Persian cup and two Dresden cups and saucers were from Mrs. Fleming, wife of a prominent New York physician, while the antique chair nearby was the gift of Kate Bostwick. A solid silver tea urn was purchased by the club.
# Notable people.
- Marguerite Moore
# Selected works.
- 1892, "Entertainment of the Woman's Press Club of New York : Tuesday afternoon, February ninth, 1892, at the Casino"
- 1897, "Woman's Press Club of New York City, organized 1889 : constitution and by-laws"
- 1904, "Memories of Jane Cunningham Croly, "Jenny June""
- 1925-53, "A collection of printed material issued by or pertaining to the Woman's Press Club of New York City" | 6,137,982 |
54003834 | Emmanuel Macron, les coulisses d’une victoire | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel%20Macron,%20les%20coulisses%20d’une%20victoire | Emmanuel Macron, les coulisses d’une victoire
Emmanuel Macron, les coulisses d’une victoire
Emmanuel Macron, les coulisses d’une victoire is a 2017 French-language documentary film directed by Yann L’Hénoret. It is about Emmanuel Macron's successful bid in the French presidential election. It was first shown on TF1 on 8 May 2017, when it was watched by 4.4 million viewers.
# External links.
- Emmanuel Macron, les coulisses d’une victoire on the La Chaîne Info website | 6,137,983 |
54003675 | Louis Henry Marshall | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Henry%20Marshall | Louis Henry Marshall
Louis Henry Marshall
Louis Henry Marshall (1827–1891) was a native of Virginia, a U. S. Army officer on the frontier in the Antebellum Period, in the American Civil War and in the Snake War.
# Early life and military career.
Louis Henry Marshall was born in Virginia in 1827. His mother was the sister of Robert E. Lee.
Appointed at large to the United States Military Academy in 1845, Marshall missed serving in the Mexican–American War, attending West Point from July 1, 1845, to July 1, 1849. Graduating 41st of 43 in his class, he was promoted to Brevet Second Lieutenant, 3rd Infantry Regiment, on July 1, 1849. He served in the garrison at Fort Columbus, New York, from 1849 to 1850. Then he | 6,137,984 |
54003675 | Louis Henry Marshall | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Henry%20Marshall | Louis Henry Marshall
was on frontier duty in New Mexico Territory, at Santa Fé in 1850, then at San Elizario, Texas into 1851, then at Cantonment Dawson, New Mexico Territory, where he was promoted Second Lieutenant, March 5, 1851. He next served at Fort Union, New Mexico Territory, to 1852, then again at Santa Fé, to 1853, then escorted a Topographical party from 1853 to 1854.
Marshall next served at Fort Craig, from 1854 to March 3, 1855 where he received his promotion to First Lieutenant, 10th U.S. Infantry Regiment, and an assignment to the Cavalry School for Practice, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania until 1856, when he was assigned to Recruiting service until 1858. Later that year he returned to frontier duty at | 6,137,985 |
54003675 | Louis Henry Marshall | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Henry%20Marshall | Louis Henry Marshall
Camp Floyd, Utah Territory, serving there until 1860, then at Fort Laramie, Nebraska Territory, to 1861, serving as Quartermaster, 10th Infantry Regiment, from July 16 to December 29, 1860 when he was appointed Captain, 10th Infantry and granted a leave of absence, in 1861.
# American Civil War.
## Campaigns.
Marshall served in the Union Army during the American Civil War as Aide-de-camp to General John Pope, from August, 1861, to July 22, 1865, serving in Missouri Operations, August, 1861, to April, 1862, the Advance upon and Siege of Corinth, April to May, 1862, and the Northern Virginia Campaign, July to September, 1862. Promoted Colonel, Staff – Additional Aide-de‑Camp, June 30, 1862, | 6,137,986 |
54003675 | Louis Henry Marshall | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Henry%20Marshall | Louis Henry Marshall
to July 28, 1865.
## Department of the Northwest.
In September 1862, Marshall accompanied General Pope to his command of the Department of the Northwest, following Pope's defeat at the battle of Second Battle of Bull Run, again serving as his Aide-de-camp to July, 1865. He was involved with the Dakota War of 1862 and acted as Commissary of Musters for the Department of the Northwest, from October 16, 1863, to July 22, 1865. During that time Marshall was promoted Major, 14th U.S. Infantry Regiment, October 16, 1863, then Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, March 13, 1865, for Gallant and Meritorious Services during the Rebellion.
# Snake War.
Served: in garrison at Fort Vancouver, Wash., in command | 6,137,987 |
54003675 | Louis Henry Marshall | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Henry%20Marshall | Louis Henry Marshall
of 2d Battalion, 14th Infantry Regiment, Aug. 31, 1865, to March 2, 1866.
When Brevet Brigadier General Frederick Steele took command of the Department of the Columbia, Marshall was given command of the military District of Boise, headquartered at Fort Boise, at March 2, 1866. He arrived at Fort Boise on March 20th.
Marshall took command just as the Snakes had begun a raiding over much of eastern Oregon, attacking ranches, stagecoaches and stations, wagons and other travelers on the roads through their territory. The worst of these were three attacks on unarmed or poorly armed Chinese immigrants traveling from California to the Owyhee mining towns on May 19–21, 1866. Called the Chinese Massacres | 6,137,988 |
54003675 | Louis Henry Marshall | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Henry%20Marshall | Louis Henry Marshall
the Snakes killed at least 99 Chinese in the three incidents. After learning of the massacres, Marshall already on the Owyhee River, lead a detachment of infantry, cavalry and artillery, up the Owyhee River in pursuit of a party of Snakes he believed had been involved in the massacres. He caught up with them at the Three Forks of the Owyhee River and fought the Battle of Three Forks, May 27–28, 1866.
While in the District of Boise, Marshall was transferred to 23rd U.S. Infantry Regiment, on September 21, 1866, when his command, the 2d Battalion, 14th Infantry Regiment, was reorganized with the addition of 2 more companies to form the 23rd U.S. Infantry Regiment one of the 10 company infantry | 6,137,989 |
54003675 | Louis Henry Marshall | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Henry%20Marshall | Louis Henry Marshall
regiments formed as the U. S. Army was reduced in size at the end of the Civil War.
Marshall held the command of the District of Boise to November 26, 1866. Under attack by the local press for his failures to quell the Snakes, and in disfavor with his superiors, he was relieved by Captain David Perry, Co. F, 1st Cavalry Regiment, who took temporary command of the district, until Lt. Colonel George R. Crook assumed command on December 11, 1866.
Marshall then served at Fort Vancouver, from January 1, 1867, to April, 1867, and at Fort Dalles, Oregon, from April, 1867 as a Member of Court of Inquiry and Court Martial, until September, 1867. From then he was awaiting orders, to December 3, 1867 | 6,137,990 |
54003675 | Louis Henry Marshall | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Henry%20Marshall | Louis Henry Marshall
of the district, until Lt. Colonel George R. Crook assumed command on December 11, 1866.
Marshall then served at Fort Vancouver, from January 1, 1867, to April, 1867, and at Fort Dalles, Oregon, from April, 1867 as a Member of Court of Inquiry and Court Martial, until September, 1867. From then he was awaiting orders, to December 3, 1867 when he went on leave of absence, to January, 1868 and was then awaiting orders, to November 23, 1868, when he resigned from the U.S. Army.
# Later life.
Following his resignation from the Army, Marshall took up farming in San Bernardino County, California in the vicinity of Cucamonga. He died at the age of 67, on October 8, 1891, at Monrovia, California. | 6,137,991 |
54003892 | White-throated bearded greenbul | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White-throated%20bearded%20greenbul | White-throated bearded greenbul
White-throated bearded greenbul
White-throated bearded greenbul may refer to:
- Eastern bearded greenbul, a species of bird found in central Africa
- White-throated bulbul, a species of bird found in south-eastern Asia | 6,137,992 |
54003817 | Jonas Donizette | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonas%20Donizette | Jonas Donizette
Jonas Donizette
Jonas Donizette (born 1965, in Monte Belo) is a Brazilian politician who serves as the current mayor of Campinas, a Brazilian city in the State of São Paulo, since 2012.
# Early life.
Donizette was born in 1965 in Monte Belo in the state of Minas Gerais as the 20th child of a family of farmers, Maria José and João Marcelino Ferreira. The family moved to Campinas when he was 4 years old, in 1969.
# Political career.
In 1992 he became the youngest elected to the Campinas’ House of Councillors. He was re-elected twice, both times with a plurality of votes. During the third term in 2002, Jonas Donizette was elected to the São Paulo State Assembly. In 2006 he was reelected.
Donizette | 6,137,993 |
54003817 | Jonas Donizette | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonas%20Donizette | Jonas Donizette
was chosen as one of top ten São Paulo’s best legislators by Conscious Vote Movement (Movimento Voto Consciente) in 2010. In the São Paulo State Assembly, he sponsored a law to give back money to the automotive ownership taxpayers if their car is stolen. He was also the author of the urban forestry act and the law that became a health public priority the otoacoustic emission test for babies.
In October 2012, Jonas Donizette was elected mayor of Campinas and in April 2013, he was elected as vice president of Brazil’s National Front of Mayors (FNP), an organization composed of 658 Brazilian municipalities, including 26 capitals and more than 100 cities with populations above 100,000 inhabitants. | 6,137,994 |
54003817 | Jonas Donizette | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonas%20Donizette | Jonas Donizette
the author of the urban forestry act and the law that became a health public priority the otoacoustic emission test for babies.
In October 2012, Jonas Donizette was elected mayor of Campinas and in April 2013, he was elected as vice president of Brazil’s National Front of Mayors (FNP), an organization composed of 658 Brazilian municipalities, including 26 capitals and more than 100 cities with populations above 100,000 inhabitants. He was reelected in 2016 and was elected as president of FNP in April 2017.
# References.
Jonas Donizette takes office as president of the National Front of Mayors (in Portuguese)
Jonas Donizette's profile in the parliament's Tourism Commission (in Portuguese) | 6,137,995 |
54003833 | Clarence H. McNeil | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarence%20H.%20McNeil | Clarence H. McNeil
Clarence H. McNeil
Major General Clarence Henry McNeil (July 4, 1873 – September 13, 1947) was a U.S. Army general.
# Early life.
Clarence Henry McNeil was born July 4, 1873 in Oxford, New York. He graduated from the United States Military Academy number eleven of seventy-three in the class of 1896.
# Military career.
McNeil was commissioned in the artillery stationed at Fort Slocum, New York, and was transferred to Key West Barracks, Florida, to Fort Hamilton and Fort Wadsworth, New York, back to Florida, to Washington Barracks, Washington D.C., and to Fort Hancock, New Jersey. He served for two years ad adjutant of the Field Artillery School at Fort Riley, Kansas. On September 1, 1905, | 6,137,996 |
54003833 | Clarence H. McNeil | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarence%20H.%20McNeil | Clarence H. McNeil
he was sent to the School of Submarine Defense at Fort Totten, New York.
After the Artillery Corps split into filed and Coast Artillery, he stayed with the latter. On December 10, 1913, he was detailed to the Inspector General's Department, and from 1915 to 1918, he was with the Quartermasters Department. From April 29 to June 11, 1918, he commanded the 66th Coast Artillery Regiment. He was promoted to brigadier general after serving in the office of the Chief of Staff until October 1, 1918. He also commanded the 37th Coast Artillery Brigade (AEF) from October 21, 1918, to February 7, 1919. He commanded the South Atlantic Coast Artillery District from March 4 to June 15, 1919, and from May | 6,137,997 |
54003833 | Clarence H. McNeil | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarence%20H.%20McNeil | Clarence H. McNeil
15 to June 15, he also was the commanding general of the Southeastern Department.
McNeil reverted to his permanent rank of lieutenant colonel of Coast Artillery on June 15, 1919. On June 25, 1920 he was promoted to colonel of Coast Artillery. In addition, he was executive assistant to the chief of Coast Artillery for a year and four months, and he spent six months on the War Department General Staff, after which he was ordered home to await retirement. He retired on December 1, 1922.
# Personal life.
McNeil was an instructor of mathematics at West Point from August 21, 1899 to January 6, 1903. He also taught at the Field Artillery School after graduation until April 23, 1908. He was a student | 6,137,998 |
54003833 | Clarence H. McNeil | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarence%20H.%20McNeil | Clarence H. McNeil
Artillery on June 15, 1919. On June 25, 1920 he was promoted to colonel of Coast Artillery. In addition, he was executive assistant to the chief of Coast Artillery for a year and four months, and he spent six months on the War Department General Staff, after which he was ordered home to await retirement. He retired on December 1, 1922.
# Personal life.
McNeil was an instructor of mathematics at West Point from August 21, 1899 to January 6, 1903. He also taught at the Field Artillery School after graduation until April 23, 1908. He was a student at the General Staff College from August 15, 1919 to July 1931, 1920, when he graduated. McNeil died in Berkeley, California on September 13, 1947. | 6,137,999 |
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