wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
54005283 | Gran Apache | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gran%20Apache | Gran Apache
to the surprise of everyone, reuniting with Faby Apache and Marvin, though the ruse did not please Gran Apache. During AAA's 2008 "Guerra de Titanes" show Billy Boy came to Faby Apache's aid after she lost a match, this, in turn, led to Faby Apache slapping Billy Boy, causing Billy Boy to attack her, turning "rudo". During an in-ring celebration of Gran Apache's 50 years in professional wrestling, Billy Boy attacked his father-in-law with a steel chair, injuring Apache's knee so he had to be taken from the ring on a stretcher. This turn of events was written into the storyline due to Gran Apache actually suffering a knee injury, and this was used as a way to explain why he was not able to wrestle. | 6,138,500 |
54005283 | Gran Apache | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gran%20Apache | Gran Apache
The storyline later ended when Faby Apache defeated Billy Boy in a Steel Cage match at the 2009 "Verano de Escándalo" show.
### Later years (2010–2017).
After the Apache family feud ended Gran Apache focused primarily on working with younger "luchadors", teaching them how to plan out matches and work in front of live audiences by wrestling against them on AAA shows. In 2016 his daughters Faby and Mari became involved in a feud with a group of males known as "Los OGT" (Averno, Chessman and Ricky Marvin), initially siding with the men, claiming that "men were superior wrestlers". At "Triplemanía XXIV" Faby and Mari wrestled against Averno and Chessman in a match where Gran Apache served as the | 6,138,501 |
54005283 | Gran Apache | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gran%20Apache | Gran Apache
guest referee. During the match Gran Apache became concerned over the violence that Averno and Chessman displayed, protecting them as they were about to be hit with a fluorescent lighttube, reuniting with his daughters after the match. At "Héroes Inmortales X" "Los OGT" defeated the Apaches. In the spring of 2017 Los Apaches were scheduled to face "Los OGT" for the AAA World Trios Championship, but Mari had suffered a serious injury and Gran Apache was unable to compete; at the time they did not explain the health issues he was dealing with. Instead of the trios match Faby Apache wrestled against Ricky Marvin, defeating him to win the AAA World Trios Championship on behalf of her family. Neither | 6,138,502 |
54005283 | Gran Apache | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gran%20Apache | Gran Apache
Mari nor Gran Apache ever appeared in AAA to defend the championship. On April 21 Faby, teaming with Psycho Clown and Dr. Wagner Jr., lost the championship to "El Poder del Norte" (Carta Brava Jr., Mocho Cota Jr. and Soul Rocker).
# Wrestling trainer.
Having worked as the AAA head trainer for over a decade and as a trainer off and on since the mid-1980s, Balbuena had a hand in training almost every young wrestler that worked for AAA during the period of time, as well as many non-AAA wrestlers who attended his wrestling school. He was often cited as one of the best trainers of female wrestlers, starting in the mid-1980s where very few trainers would even consider working with women.
# Personal | 6,138,503 |
54005283 | Gran Apache | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gran%20Apache | Gran Apache
life and death.
Balbuena had four daughters and was married at least twice. Balbuena and his first wife were the parents of Mariella Balbuena Torres (Mari Apache) born in 1979 and Fabiola Balbuena Torres (Faby Apache) born in 1980 and a third daughter before divorcing. In 1986 Balbuena married Sandra González Calderón (Lady Apache), and together the couple had one daughter before divorcing later on.
Balbuena was diagnosed with intestinal cancer in either late 2016 or early 2017, causing his health to rapidly deteriorate. On May 7, 2017 he died from the cancer. Following his death many "luchadors" all over Mexico commented on the loss of a great teacher and a great friend.
# Championships | 6,138,504 |
54005283 | Gran Apache | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gran%20Apache | Gran Apache
in either late 2016 or early 2017, causing his health to rapidly deteriorate. On May 7, 2017 he died from the cancer. Following his death many "luchadors" all over Mexico commented on the loss of a great teacher and a great friend.
# Championships and accomplishments.
- AAA / Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide
- AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Faby Apache (1), Mari Apache (1)
- AAA World Trios Championship (1 time) – with Faby and Mari Apache
- AAA Hall of Fame (Class of 2018)
- Pavillón Azteca
- Pavillón Azteca Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Gran Apache II
- Pro Wrestling Illustrated
- PWI ranked him #229 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2002 | 6,138,505 |
54005426 | Kurdo (rapper) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurdo%20(rapper) | Kurdo (rapper)
Kurdo (rapper)
Kurdo Jalal Omar Abdel Kader (born in Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan on 30 November 1988) better known by the mononym Kurdo is a German rapper of Kurdish origin from Heidelberg, Germany.
Born in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, he immigrated with his family to Germany when he was eight. In 2011, he launched his music through YouTube and was signed by the label Azzlackz. A few months later, he founded his own label Beefhaus with a debut mixtape "11ta Stock Sound" and the single "Nike Kappe". In 2014, he released his debut album "Slum Dog Millionaer" with collaborations with Eko Fresh, KC Rebell, Mosh36, Nazar und Kontra K.
On 10 September 2014, Kurdo announced his self-founded label | 6,138,506 |
54005426 | Kurdo (rapper) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurdo%20(rapper) | Kurdo (rapper)
in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, he immigrated with his family to Germany when he was eight. In 2011, he launched his music through YouTube and was signed by the label Azzlackz. A few months later, he founded his own label Beefhaus with a debut mixtape "11ta Stock Sound" and the single "Nike Kappe". In 2014, he released his debut album "Slum Dog Millionaer" with collaborations with Eko Fresh, KC Rebell, Mosh36, Nazar und Kontra K.
On 10 September 2014, Kurdo announced his self-founded label Almaz Musiq that released his second album, "Almaz" followed by "Verbrecher aus der Wüste" in 2016 and "Vision" in 2017. He has charted in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
# External links.
- Facebook | 6,138,507 |
54005423 | SCIAC Men's Basketball Tournament | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SCIAC%20Men's%20Basketball%20Tournament | SCIAC Men's Basketball Tournament
SCIAC Men's Basketball Tournament
The Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Tournament is the annual conference men's basketball championship tournament for the NCAA Division III Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC). The tournament has been held annually since 2008. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records.
The winner, declared conference champion, receives the SCIAC's automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division III Basketball Championship.
# Championship records.
- Caltech, La Verne, and Whittier have not appeared in the SCIAC tournament finals. | 6,138,508 |
54005442 | Samer Halimeh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samer%20Halimeh | Samer Halimeh
Samer Halimeh
Samer Halimeh (born October 1974) is a Lebanese-born American jeweller, with shops in London, New York, Riyadh and Kuala Lumpur.
# Early life.
Samer Halimeh was born in October 1974, in Beirut, Lebanon. He has American nationality.
# Career.
In 2017, he opened his "flagship" store in London's Knightsbridge.
Halimeh's customers include Naomi Campbell, Oprah Winfrey, Elton John, and the royal families of Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi and Brunei. | 6,138,509 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
Gustav S. Christensen
Gustav Stroem Christensen; (born April 1, 1929 Laesoe, Denmark), was an academic mathematician and engineer. He was the second youngest of 9 children and first worked as a radio operator in the Danish merchant marine. Later he was Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Alberta in Edmonton for 27 years. In 1957 he won the Engineering Institute of Canada's prize and the Henry Birks Gold Medal in Engineering. He received a B.Sc. in Engineering Physics from the University of Alberta, Edmonton in 1958 and a M.A.Sc. from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver in 1960. Later he obtained a Ph.D. in 1966, also in electrical engineering, from the University | 6,138,510 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
of British Columbia. Christensen wrote over 140 scientific papers, co-authored four books and four chapters.
# Biography.
## Personal life.
Gustav was born 1 April 1929 on a farm on the tiny Danish island of Laesoe. The eighth of nine children, Gustav completed 9 years of schooling there in an ancient one-room elementary school and a brand-new junior high school. In 1945 he ventured to Copenhagen to take a radio operator apprenticeship, served with the Danish Merchant Navy for four years and on an American oil tanker for another two as a radio operator. He was fortunate to travel around the world visiting ports on five continents, including Canada where he visited his brother and sister who | 6,138,511 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
had emigrated to the prairies.
Gustav decided to join his siblings in Canada. In 1969 Gus married an English immigrant, Penelope Janet Gardner, in Edmonton and they have two children, Lynne (MBA, B.Comm, CAE) and Neil (B.CIS).
## Academic life.
After he settled in Canada, Gustav completed his entire high school diploma in six months, mainly through correspondence school in Edmonton. He enrolled in Engineering Physics at the University of Alberta where he took the top engineering award, the Henry Birks Gold Medal in 1958 along with several other scholarships. After a summer with the National Research Council in Ottawa, he took his M.A. Sc. in Electrical Engineering under Dr. Frank Noakes at | 6,138,512 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
the University of British Columbia in 1960 and subsequently obtained practical industrial experience with the BC Energy Board and Chemcell in Edmonton. He disliked the odours associated with chemical engineering so beat a hasty retreat to the rarified atmosphere of academia at UBC. His Ph.D. thesis (1966) was on the stability of non-linear mathematical models of systems with supervisor Dr. Avrom C. Soudack.
Even before he had defended his thesis he was lured back to University of Alberta as Assistant Professor in July 1966 and spent 27 years teaching, researching and taking a large load of administrative responsibilities for the Department of Electrical Engineering. He taught 16 different courses | 6,138,513 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
but his forte was the one-on-one training of his 24 graduate students. His research was mainly concentrated on the optimum economic operation of various types of power systems, minimizing the energy lost in transmission lines while at the same time using, for example, the water available in all the hydro plants in a system to generate the maximum amount of power. This produced the cheapest energy and the best return on investment. Gus authored over 140 scientific papers, four books and four chapters in books on his research specialties.
# Society.
Gus retired as full professor to Mission, BC in 1993, took up ham radio and returned to playing bridge at which he was rather good; he patiently | 6,138,514 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
suffered partners who could not remember every card that had been played, as he was able to do. Gus and Penny joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and they both served at the church's Family History Centre in Abbotsford. Gus was appreciated there for his knowledge of Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and German and his patience with newbies on the computers. In co-operation with his wife Penny, a professional genealogist, Gus wrote his autobiography, the history of his parents' 172 descendants and a volume of translations of historical articles on Laesoe, the island of his birth.
# Electric Power Industries.
Gus was an active intervener in the National Energy Board (NEB) hearings | 6,138,515 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
which ultimately resulted in the rejection of the huge SE2 (Sumas Energy 2) coal-fired plant, one that would have emitted unacceptable pollution into the Fraser Valley funnel. With his professional knowledge of the operation of power systems he quietly but firmly refuted the bafflegab produced by the SE2 lawyers and 'experts' and helped quash the project. We will always remember the Chairman of the NEB saying, "So, Dr. Christensen, is that your entire argument?" Gus replied in his quiet yet effective way, "No sir, I am just getting started." It brought the house down.
# Final Years.
At the age of 75 Gus took up an adjunct professorship in the School of Engineering Science at Simon Fraser University | 6,138,516 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
in Burnaby, BC where he had an office, a computer and a grad student – but no salary. He spent one or two days there each week until he died, and he published what he considered to be his best work during this time. These papers were in the field of asymptotic stability of linear and nonlinear systems, a continuation of his Ph.D. work. He simplified the solutions to Lyapunov's widely applicable stability theorems so that they are now useful to the electric power engineers, other practical engineers and many other professionals. Another development was the solution of the least absolute value estimation problem originally posed by Laplace in 1750 by using linear programming.
# Death.
Gus was | 6,138,517 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
unlucky with his health, having his first heart attack in 1984, ten major operations in the following 19 years, as well as a number of ongoing chronic conditions for over 40 years. He was a quiet man known for his wry sense of humour and for dissolving into uncontrollable chuckles before he had got to the punch line of his legendary fund of coffee-room jokes. Everybody laughed anyway – he was such a good, honest man that one couldn't help but enjoy his company.
Gus died 9 August 2007 at the age of 78, satisfied that he had completed his life's work of solving important applied mathematical problems and completing his family history. His last years were memorable. He enjoyed many trips with | 6,138,518 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
his family and was happy his wife, daughter and son were well provided for and focused on education and careers. Gus was a wonderful man, touched many lives and is sadly missed.
# Work Experiences.
Gustav Stroem Christensen was a Professor Emeritus (Retired from University of Alberta - Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) since 1993.
## Industrial Experience.
- 1. British Columbia Energy Board, British Columbia | Electrical Engineer - 1960 to 1961.
- 2. Chemcell, Edmonton, Alberta| Electrical and Control Engineer - 1962 to 1963.
## Academic Experience.
- 1. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia | adjunct professorship - 2004 until he died.
- 2. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta| | 6,138,519 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
Professor - 1974 to 1993.
- 3. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta | Associate Professor - 1969 to 1973.
- 4. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta | Assistant Professor - 1966 to 1969.
- 5. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia | Lecturer - 1964 to 1965.
### Administrative Experience.
- 1966-1974 Chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering Admissions Committee (2 members) for graduate students. br "During that period the Department received up to 500 applications a year. The work involved corresponding with all prospective students regarding course requirements and financial assistance and also circulation of individual students' files to members | 6,138,520 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
of the Department and return of these files to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research."
- 1967-1974 Chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering Pattern II Curriculum Committee.
- 1967-1974 Member of the Department of Electrical Engineering Course Allocation Committee.
- 1972-1973 Member of the Faculty of Engineering Salary and Promotions Committee.
- 1974-1975 Chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering Academic Planning Committee.
- 1976-1978 Member of the Department of Electrical Engineering Executive Committee.
- 1979-1980 Member of the Faculty of Engineering Tenure Committee.
- 1979-1982 Member of the Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate Student Admission | 6,138,521 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
Committee.
- 1979-1980 Member of the Faculty of Engineering Power Selection Committee.
- 1982-1985 Member of the Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate Steering Committee.
- 1983-1986 Member of the Department of Electrical Engineering Nominating Committee.
- 1986-1989 Member of the Department of Electrical Engineering Executive Committee.
- 1989-1990 Associate Chairman for Graduate Studies, Department of Electrical Engineering.
# Achievements.
## Education.
- 1. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada | 1958 - B.Sc. Engineering Physics.
- 2. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | 1960 - M.A.Sc. Electrical Engineering.
- 3. University of | 6,138,522 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | 1966 - Ph.D. Electrical Engineering.
## Academic Awards.
### Undergraduate.
- Engineering Institute of Canada (EIC) Prize 1957
- Two University of Alberta First Class Standing Prizes
- One University of Alberta Honor Prize
- Schlumberger Undergraduate Scholarship
- Henry Birks Gold Medal in Engineering, graduated with High Distinction
### Postgraduate.
- Northern Electric Fellowship 1958
- National Research Council (NRC) Studentship 1959
- National Research Council (NRC) Studentship 1960
- University of British Columbia Scholarship 1964
- University of British Columbia Scholarship 1965
### Civic Award | British Columbia.
- | 6,138,523 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
District of Mission: Award for achievement in mathematics, engineering and science. br May 7, 2007. Presented by Mayor James Atebe.
## Scientific Communities' Memberships.
- Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- Associate Member, Canadian Electricity Association (CEA), Canada
- Member, The Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta (APEGA), Alberta
# Publications.
Most of Prof. Gustav Stroem Christensen's publications still are not archived well in Google Scholar, ResearchGate, etc. The following information is based on the legacy preserved by Gus family:
# Bibliography.
## External links.
- Page 36 of Chronicle Magazine, UBC | 6,138,524 |
54005300 | Gustav S. Christensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav%20S.%20Christensen | Gustav S. Christensen
Mayor James Atebe.
## Scientific Communities' Memberships.
- Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- Associate Member, Canadian Electricity Association (CEA), Canada
- Member, The Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta (APEGA), Alberta
# Publications.
Most of Prof. Gustav Stroem Christensen's publications still are not archived well in Google Scholar, ResearchGate, etc. The following information is based on the legacy preserved by Gus family:
# Bibliography.
## External links.
- Page 36 of Chronicle Magazine, UBC Alumni Chronicle, Autumn 82.
- The Abbotsford News - Obituaries: Dr. Gustav S. Christensen, Thu Aug 9th 2007. | 6,138,525 |
54005443 | Petrophile diversifolia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petrophile%20diversifolia | Petrophile diversifolia
Petrophile diversifolia
Petrophile diversifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
The mostly single-stemmed, erect and slender shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms between September and December producing cream-white-pink flowers.
It is found along the south coast in the Great Southern and South West regions of Western Australia where it grows in gravelly-sandy-clay soils often over laterite. | 6,138,526 |
54005466 | Petrophile drummondii | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petrophile%20drummondii | Petrophile drummondii
Petrophile drummondii
Petrophile drummondii is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
The prickly and multi-branched shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms between August and December producing yellow-cream-white flowers.
It is found in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia where it grows in sandy-loamy soils over laterite. | 6,138,527 |
54005551 | Clerk of the Pipe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clerk%20of%20the%20Pipe | Clerk of the Pipe
Clerk of the Pipe
The Clerk of the Pipe was a post in the Pipe Office of the English Exchequer and its successors. The incumbent was responsible for the pipe rolls on which the government income and expenditure was recorded as credits and debits.
The "Dialogus de Scaccario" or "Dialogue concerning the Exchequer", written in about 1178, details the workings of the Exchequer and gives an early account of how the Pipe rolls were created. The "Dialogue" was written by Richard FitzNeal, the son of Nigel of Ely, who was Treasurer for both Henry I and Henry II of England. According to the "Dialogue", the Pipe rolls were the responsibility of the clerk of the Treasurer, who was also called the ingrosser | 6,138,528 |
54005551 | Clerk of the Pipe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clerk%20of%20the%20Pipe | Clerk of the Pipe
of the great roll and, by 1547 at the latest, the Clerk of the Pipe.
The Pipe Office was abolished in 1834.
A similar post existed in Ireland and Scotland.
# Clerks of the Pipe.
- 1431–: Robert Cawood
- Robert Malton
- 1486–: Nicholas Lathell
- 15nn–: Thomas Cavendish (died 1524)
- 1520s–1545: John Hyde
- 1551–?1589: Christopher Smith
- 1579–: John Morley (died 1587)
- 1579–?1592: Thomas Moryson (died 1592)
- 1592–1594: Sir John Wolley (died 1596)
- 1596–1605: Sir Edward Stafford
- 1607–?1609: Francis Wolley (died 1609)
- 1609–1610: Arthur Jarvis
- 1610–1616: Sir Arthur Mainwaring
- 1616–1632: Henry Croke ("jointly")
- 1616–1632: Anthony Rous ("jointly") (died 1632)
- 1632–1659: | 6,138,529 |
54005551 | Clerk of the Pipe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clerk%20of%20the%20Pipe | Clerk of the Pipe
Stafford
- 1607–?1609: Francis Wolley (died 1609)
- 1609–1610: Arthur Jarvis
- 1610–1616: Sir Arthur Mainwaring
- 1616–1632: Henry Croke ("jointly")
- 1616–1632: Anthony Rous ("jointly") (died 1632)
- 1632–1659: Henry Croke
- 1659–1680: Robert Croke (died 1680)
- 1689–1703: Hon. Robert Russell
- 1703–1706: William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven
- 1706–1710: Sir John Cooke
- 1710–1711: William Farrer
- 1711–1728: William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven
- 1728–1728: Anthony Cornish
- 1728–1748: Henry Holt Henley
- 1748–1748: Sir William Corbet, Bt
- 1748–1758: Richard Arundell
- 1758–1783: Sir John Shelley, 5th Baronet
- 1783–?1834 Lord William Bentinck
- "1834 Post abolished" | 6,138,530 |
54005504 | PWR Racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PWR%20Racing | PWR Racing
PWR Racing
PWR Racing is a Swedish auto racing team owned by racing drivers Peter Wallenberg, Jr. and Daniel Haglöf. It currently competes in the TCR Scandinavia Touring Car Championship, the Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia, and the World Touring Car Cup.
# History.
The team was founded in 2012 by racing driver Peter "Poker" Wallenberg. The team initially entered TTA - Racing Elite League joining with Team Tidö with two cars for Linus Ohlsson and Daniel Haglöf. Following the reunification of TTA with STCC the team entered the series fielding single SAAB 9-3 TTA for Haglöf. For the 2014 season the team entered a single car for Finnish driver Emma Kimiläinen while Haglöf returned for the final | 6,138,531 |
54005504 | PWR Racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PWR%20Racing | PWR Racing
races of the season. Both drivers were retained for 2015 while for the 2016 season they were joined by Johan Kristoffersson and Philip Morin at selected rounds. In that year the team became SEAT Dealer Team after switching to SEAT Léon STCC silhouette cars. After the series switched to TCR regulations the team again returned using 3 SEAT León TCR's for former Polestar Cyan Racing driver Robert Dahlgren, Daniel Haglöf and team owner Peter Wallenberg (Dahlgren and Haglöf entered under the SEAT Dealer Team banner, while Wallenberg was entered under the PWR Racing Customer Team) and also entered single Audi RS3 LMS TCR for Mikaela Åhlin-Kottulinsky (this entry was entered under the PWR Racing Junior | 6,138,532 |
54005504 | PWR Racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PWR%20Racing | PWR Racing
lhouette cars. After the series switched to TCR regulations the team again returned using 3 SEAT León TCR's for former Polestar Cyan Racing driver Robert Dahlgren, Daniel Haglöf and team owner Peter Wallenberg (Dahlgren and Haglöf entered under the SEAT Dealer Team banner, while Wallenberg was entered under the PWR Racing Customer Team) and also entered single Audi RS3 LMS TCR for Mikaela Åhlin-Kottulinsky (this entry was entered under the PWR Racing Junior Team label).
# World Touring Car Cup.
The team is set to enter the 2019 World Touring Car Cup with the support from Comtoyou Racing fielding two CUPRA León TCR for Haglöf and the 2018 TCR Europe Touring Car Series champion Mikel Azcona. | 6,138,533 |
54005538 | Burg Weiler Altarpiece | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burg%20Weiler%20Altarpiece | Burg Weiler Altarpiece
Burg Weiler Altarpiece
The Burg Weiler Altar Triptych (Altarpiece with the Virgin and Child and Saints) or Master of the Burg Weiler Altar is a 1470 religious painting. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The altarpiece is Middle Rhenish, made in North Württemberg (now Baden-Württemberg). It was originally in the chapel of the castle of Burg Weiler near Heilbronn.
The triptych is oil on wood of three parts, with gold ground. The left and right panels are each by , and the middle panel is by .
The work depicts Mary, Jesus Christ, Judoc, Wendelin of Trier, Saint Apollonia, Saint Barbara, Catherine of Alexandria, Lawrence of Rome, Saint Sebastian, Saint Maurice, and an | 6,138,534 |
54005538 | Burg Weiler Altarpiece | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burg%20Weiler%20Altarpiece | Burg Weiler Altarpiece
iler Altarpiece
The Burg Weiler Altar Triptych (Altarpiece with the Virgin and Child and Saints) or Master of the Burg Weiler Altar is a 1470 religious painting. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The altarpiece is Middle Rhenish, made in North Württemberg (now Baden-Württemberg). It was originally in the chapel of the castle of Burg Weiler near Heilbronn.
The triptych is oil on wood of three parts, with gold ground. The left and right panels are each by , and the middle panel is by .
The work depicts Mary, Jesus Christ, Judoc, Wendelin of Trier, Saint Apollonia, Saint Barbara, Catherine of Alexandria, Lawrence of Rome, Saint Sebastian, Saint Maurice, and an angel. | 6,138,535 |
54005548 | 2017–18 A.F.C. Bournemouth season | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017–18%20A.F.C.%20Bournemouth%20season | 2017–18 A.F.C. Bournemouth season
2017–18 A.F.C. Bournemouth season
The 2017–18 A.F.C. Bournemouth season was the club's 3rd consecutive season in the top flight of English football and their 128th year in existence. This season Bournemouth participated in the Premier League as well as the FA Cup and EFL Cup.
The season covered the period from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018.
# First-team squad.
"(vice-captain)
# Transfers.
## Overall transfer activity.
### Expenditure.
Summer: £30,000,000
Winter:
Total: £30,000,000
### Income.
Summer:
Winter:
Total:
### Net Totals.
Summer: £30,000,000
Winter:
Total: £30,000,000
# Pre-season.
As of 1 July 2017, AFC Bournemouth have announced six pre-season friendlies against Queens | 6,138,536 |
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Park Rangers, Yeovil Town, Portsmouth, Valencia, Estoril and Napoli.
# Competitions.
## Premier League.
### Matches.
On 14 June 2017, AFC Bournemouth's 2017–18 Premier League fixtures was announced.
## FA Cup.
In the FA Cup, AFC Bournemouth entered the competition in the third round and were drawn at home to either AFC Fylde or Wigan Athletic. The latter won their replayed match 3–2 to set up the third round tie.
## EFL Cup.
AFC Bournemouth entered the competition in the second round and were drawn against Birmingham City away. A home tie versus Brighton & Hove Albion was confirmed for the third round. The "Cherries" were drawn at home to Middlesbrough for the fourth round. A Quarter-final | 6,138,537 |
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way. A home tie versus Brighton & Hove Albion was confirmed for the third round. The "Cherries" were drawn at home to Middlesbrough for the fourth round. A Quarter-final trip to face Chelsea was drawn out for Bournemouth.
# Statistics.
## Appearances and goals.
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|"Goalkeepers"
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|"Defenders"
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|"Midfielders"
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|"Forwards"
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Player(s) who have made an appearance or had a squad number this season but have left the club | 6,138,538 |
54005385 | Power amplifier classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power%20amplifier%20classes | Power amplifier classes
Power amplifier classes
Power amplifier classes are, in electronics, letter symbols applied to different power amplifier types. The class gives a broad indication of an amplifer's characteristics and performance. The classes are related to the time period that the active amplifier device is passing current, expressed as a fraction of the period of a signal waveform applied to the input. A class A amplifier is conducting through all the period of the signal; Class B only for one-half the input period, class C for much less than half the input period. A Class D amplifier operates its output device in a switching manner; the fraction of the time that the device is conducting is adjusted so a pulse | 6,138,539 |
54005385 | Power amplifier classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power%20amplifier%20classes | Power amplifier classes
width modulation output is obtained from the stage.
Additional letter classes are defined for special purpose amplifiers, with additional active elements or particular power supply improvements; sometimes a new letter symbol is used by a manufacturer to promote its proprietary design.
# Power amplifier classes.
Power amplifier circuits (output stages) are classified as A, B, AB and C for analog designs—and class D and E for switching designs. The classes are based on the proportion of each input cycle (conduction angle) during which an amplifying device passes current. The image of the conduction angle derives from amplifying a sinusoidal signal. If the device is always on, the conducting | 6,138,540 |
54005385 | Power amplifier classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power%20amplifier%20classes | Power amplifier classes
angle is 360°. If it is on for only half of each cycle, the angle is 180°. The angle of flow is closely related to the amplifier power efficiency.
In the illustrations below, a bipolar junction transistor is shown as the amplifying device. However the same attributes are found with MOSFETs or vacuum tubes.
## Class A.
In a Class A amplifier, 100% of the input signal is used (conduction angle Θ = 360°). The active element remains conducting all of the time.
Amplifying devices operating in class A conduct over the entire range of the input cycle. A "class-A amplifier" is distinguished by the output stage devices being biased for class A operation. Subclass A2 is sometimes used to refer to | 6,138,541 |
54005385 | Power amplifier classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power%20amplifier%20classes | Power amplifier classes
vacuum-tube class-A stages that drive the grid slightly positive on signal peaks for slightly more power than normal class A (A1; where the grid is always negative). This, however, incurs higher signal distortion.
### Advantages of class-A amplifiers.
- Class-A designs can be simpler than other classes insofar as class -AB and -B designs require two connected devices in the circuit (push–pull output), each to handle one half of the waveform whereas class A can use a single device (single-ended).
- The amplifying element is biased so the device is always conducting, the quiescent (small-signal) collector current (for transistors; drain current for FETs or anode/plate current for vacuum tubes) | 6,138,542 |
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is close to the most linear portion of its transconductance curve.
- Because the device is never 'off' there is no "turn on" time, no problems with charge storage, and generally better high frequency performance and feedback loop stability (and usually fewer high-order harmonics).
- The point where the device comes closest to being 'off' is not at 'zero signal', so the problems of crossover distortion associated with class-AB and -B designs is avoided.
- Best for low signal levels of radio receivers due to low distortion.
### Disadvantage of class-A amplifiers.
- Class-A amplifiers are inefficient. A maximum theoretical efficiency of 25% is obtainable using usual configurations, but 50% | 6,138,543 |
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is the maximum for a transformer or inductively coupled configuration. In a power amplifier, this not only wastes power and limits operation with batteries, but increases operating costs and requires higher-rated output devices. Inefficiency comes from the standing current that must be roughly half the maximum output current, and a large part of the power supply voltage is present across the output device at low signal levels. If high output power is needed from a class-A circuit, the power supply and accompanying heat becomes significant. For every watt delivered to the load, the amplifier itself, at best, uses an extra watt. For high power amplifiers this means very large and expensive power | 6,138,544 |
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supplies and heat sinks.
- Because the output tubes are in full operation at all times (unlike a Class A/B amplifier), the tubes will not have as long a life, adding to the cost of maintaining the amplifier.
Class-A power amplifier designs have largely been superseded by more efficient designs, though their simplicity makes them popular with some hobbyists. There is a market for expensive high fidelity class-A amps considered a "cult item" among audiophiles mainly for their absence of crossover distortion and reduced odd-harmonic and high-order harmonic distortion. Class A power amps are also used in some "boutique" guitar amplifiers due to their unique tonal quality and for reproducing vintage | 6,138,545 |
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tones.
### Single-ended and triode class-A amplifiers.
Some hobbyists who prefer class-A amplifiers also prefer the use of thermionic valve (tube) designs instead of transistors, for several reasons:
- Single-ended output stages have an asymmetrical transfer function, meaning that even-order harmonics in the created distortion tend to not cancel out (as they do in push–pull output stages). For tubes, or FETs, most distortion is second-order harmonics, from the square law transfer characteristic, which to some produces a "warmer" and more pleasant sound.
- For those who prefer low distortion figures, the use of tubes with class A (generating little odd-harmonic distortion, as mentioned above) | 6,138,546 |
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together with symmetrical circuits (such as push–pull output stages, or balanced low-level stages) results in the cancellation of most of the even distortion harmonics, hence the removal of most of the distortion.
- Historically, valve amplifiers were often used as a class-A power amplifier simply because valves are large and expensive; many class-A designs use only a single device.
Transistors are much less expensive than tubes so more elaborate designs that use more parts are still less expensive to manufacture than tube designs. A classic application for a pair of class-A devices is the long-tailed pair, which is exceptionally linear, and forms the basis of many more complex circuits, including | 6,138,547 |
54005385 | Power amplifier classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power%20amplifier%20classes | Power amplifier classes
many audio amplifiers and almost all op-amps.
Class-A amplifiers may be used in output stages of op-amps (although the accuracy of the bias in low cost op-amps such as the 741 may result in class A or class AB or class B performance, varying from device to device or with temperature). They are sometimes used as medium-power, low-efficiency, and high-cost audio power amplifiers. The power consumption is unrelated to the output power. At idle (no input), the power consumption is essentially the same as at high output volume. The result is low efficiency and high heat dissipation.
## Class B.
In a class-B amplifier, the active device conducts for 180 degrees of the cycle. This would cause intolerable | 6,138,548 |
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distortion if there were only one device, so two devices are used, each conducts for one half (180°) of the signal cycle, and the device currents are combined so that the load current is continuous.
At radio frequency, if the load of the class-B amplifier is a tuned circuit, a single device in class B can be used. These are used in linear amplifiers, so called because the radio frequency output power is proportional to the square of the input excitation voltage. This characteristic prevents distortion of amplitude-modulated or frequency-modulated signals passing through the amplifier. Such amplifiers have an efficiency around 60%.
Class-B amplifiers amplify the signal with two active devices, | 6,138,549 |
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each operating over one half of the cycle. Efficiency is much improved over class-A amplifiers. Class-B amplifiers are also favoured in battery-operated devices, such as transistor radios. Class B has a maximum theoretical efficiency of π/4 (≈ 78.5%).
A practical circuit using class-B elements is the push–pull stage, such as the very simplified complementary pair arrangement shown at right. Complementary devices are each used for amplifying the opposite halves of the input signal, which is then recombined at the output. This arrangement gives good efficiency, but usually suffers from the drawback that there is a small mismatch in the cross-over region at the "joins" between the two halves of | 6,138,550 |
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the signal, as one output device has to take over supplying power exactly as the other finishes. This is called crossover distortion. An improvement is to bias the devices so they are not completely off when they are not in use. This approach is called "class AB" operation.
## Class AB.
In a class-AB amplifier, the conduction angle is intermediate between class A and B; the two active elements conduct more than half of the time.
Class AB is widely considered a good compromise for amplifiers, since much of the time the music signal is quiet enough that the signal stays in the "class-A" region, where it is amplified with good fidelity, and by definition if passing out of this region, is large | 6,138,551 |
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enough that the distortion products typical of class B are relatively small. The crossover distortion can be reduced further by using negative feedback.
In class-AB operation, each device operates the same way as in class B over half the waveform, but also conducts a small amount on the other half. As a result, the region where both devices simultaneously are nearly off (the "dead zone") is reduced. The result is that when the waveforms from the two devices are combined, the crossover is greatly minimised or eliminated altogether. The exact choice of quiescent current (the standing current through both devices when there is no signal) makes a large difference to the level of distortion (and | 6,138,552 |
54005385 | Power amplifier classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power%20amplifier%20classes | Power amplifier classes
to the risk of thermal runaway, that may damage the devices). Often, bias voltage applied to set this quiescent current must be adjusted with the temperature of the output transistors. (For example, in the circuit shown at right, the diodes would be mounted physically close to the output transistors, and specified to have a matched temperature coefficient.) Another approach (often used with thermally tracking bias voltages) is to include small value resistors in series with the emitters.
Class AB sacrifices some efficiency over class B in favor of linearity, thus is less efficient (below 78.5% for full-amplitude sine waves in transistor amplifiers, typically; much less is common in class-AB | 6,138,553 |
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vacuum-tube amplifiers). It is typically much more efficient than class A.
## Suffix numbers for vacuum tube amplifiers.
A vacuum tube amplifier design will sometimes have an additional suffix number for the class, for example, class B1. A suffix 1 indicates that grid current does not flow during any part of the input waveform, where a suffix 2 indicates grid current flows for part of the input waveform. This distinction affects the design of the driver stages for the amplifier. Suffix numbers are not used for semiconductor amplifiers.
## Class C.
In a class-C amplifier, less than 50% of the input signal is used (conduction angle Θ 180°). Distortion is high and practical use requires a | 6,138,554 |
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tuned circuit as load. Efficiency can reach 80% in radio-frequency applications.
The usual application for class-C amplifiers is in RF transmitters operating at a single fixed carrier frequency, where the distortion is controlled by a tuned load on the amplifier. The input signal is used to switch the active device causing pulses of current to flow through a tuned circuit forming part of the load.
The class-C amplifier has two modes of operation: tuned and untuned. The diagram shows a waveform from a simple class-C circuit without the tuned load. This is called untuned operation, and the analysis of the waveforms shows the massive distortion that appears in the signal. When the proper load | 6,138,555 |
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(e.g., an inductive-capacitive filter plus a load resistor) is used, two things happen. The first is that the output's bias level is clamped with the average output voltage equal to the supply voltage. This is why tuned operation is sometimes called a "clamper". This restores the waveform to its proper shape, despite the amplifier having only a one-polarity supply. This is directly related to the second phenomenon: the waveform on the center frequency becomes less distorted. The residual distortion is dependent upon the bandwidth of the tuned load, with the center frequency seeing very little distortion, but greater attenuation the farther from the tuned frequency that the signal gets.
The | 6,138,556 |
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tuned circuit resonates at one frequency, the fixed carrier frequency, and so the unwanted frequencies are suppressed, and the wanted full signal (sine wave) is extracted by the tuned load. The signal bandwidth of the amplifier is limited by the Q-factor of the tuned circuit but this is not a serious limitation. Any residual harmonics can be removed using a further filter.
In practical class-C amplifiers a tuned load is invariably used. In one common arrangement the resistor shown in the circuit above is replaced with a parallel-tuned circuit consisting of an inductor and capacitor in parallel, whose components are chosen to resonate the frequency of the input signal. Power can be coupled to | 6,138,557 |
54005385 | Power amplifier classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power%20amplifier%20classes | Power amplifier classes
a load by transformer action with a secondary coil wound on the inductor. The average voltage at the collector is then equal to the supply voltage, and the signal voltage appearing across the tuned circuit varies from near zero to near twice the supply voltage during the RF cycle. The input circuit is biased so that the active element (e.g., transistor) conducts for only a fraction of the RF cycle, usually one third (120 degrees) or less.
The active element conducts only while the collector voltage is passing through its minimum. By this means, power dissipation in the active device is minimised, and efficiency increased. Ideally, the active element would pass only an instantaneous current | 6,138,558 |
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pulse while the voltage across it is zero: it then dissipates no power and 100% efficiency is achieved. However practical devices have a limit to the peak current they can pass, and the pulse must therefore be widened, to around 120 degrees, to obtain a reasonable amount of power, and the efficiency is then 60–70%.
## Class D.
Class-D amplifiers use some form of pulse-width modulation to control the output devices. The conduction angle of each device is no longer related directly to the input signal but instead varies in pulse width.
In the class-D amplifier the active devices (transistors) function as electronic switches instead of linear gain devices; they are either on or off. The analog | 6,138,559 |
54005385 | Power amplifier classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power%20amplifier%20classes | Power amplifier classes
signal is converted to a stream of pulses that represents the signal by pulse-width modulation, pulse-density modulation, delta-sigma modulation or a related modulation technique before being applied to the amplifier. The time average power value of the pulses is directly proportional to the analog signal, so after amplification the signal can be converted back to an analog signal by a passive low-pass filter.
The purpose of the output filter is to smooth the pulse stream to an analog signal, removing the high frequency spectral components of the pulses. The frequency of the output pulses is typically ten or more times the highest frequency in the input signal to amplify, so that the filter | 6,138,560 |
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can adequately reduce the unwanted harmonics and accurately reproduce the input.
The main advantage of a class-D amplifier is power efficiency. Because the output pulses have a fixed amplitude, the switching elements (usually MOSFETs, but vacuum tubes, and at one time bipolar transistors, were used) are switched either completely on or completely off, rather than operated in linear mode. A MOSFET operates with the lowest resistance when fully on and thus (excluding when fully off) has the lowest power dissipation when in that condition. Compared to an equivalent class-AB device, a class-D amplifier's lower losses permit the use of a smaller heat sink for the MOSFETs while also reducing the | 6,138,561 |
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amount of input power required, allowing for a lower-capacity power supply design. Therefore, class-D amplifiers are typically smaller than an equivalent class-AB amplifier.
Another advantage of the class-D amplifier is that it can operate from a digital signal source without requiring a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to convert the signal to analog form first. If the signal source is in digital form, such as in a digital media player or computer sound card, the digital circuitry can convert the binary digital signal directly to a pulse-width modulation signal that is applied to the amplifier, simplifying the circuitry considerably.
Class-D amplifiers are widely used to control motors—but | 6,138,562 |
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are now also used as power amplifiers, with extra circuitry that converts analogue to a much higher frequency pulse width modulated signal. Switching power supplies have even been modified into crude class-D amplifiers (though typically these only reproduce low-frequencies with acceptable accuracy).
High quality class-D audio power amplifiers have now appeared on the market. These designs have been said to rival traditional AB amplifiers in terms of quality. An early use of class-D amplifiers was high-power subwoofer amplifiers in cars. Because subwoofers are generally limited to a bandwidth of no higher than 150 Hz, switching speed for the amplifier does not have to be as high as for a full | 6,138,563 |
54005385 | Power amplifier classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power%20amplifier%20classes | Power amplifier classes
range amplifier, allowing simpler designs. Class-D amplifiers for driving subwoofers are relatively inexpensive in comparison to class-AB amplifiers.
The letter "D" used to designate this amplifier class is simply the next letter after "C" and, although occasionally used as such, does not stand for "digital". Class-D and class-E amplifiers are sometimes mistakenly described as "digital" because the output waveform superficially resembles a pulse-train of digital symbols, but a class-D amplifier merely converts an input waveform into a continuously pulse-width modulated analog signal. (A digital waveform would be pulse-code modulated.)
## Additional classes.
Other amplifier classes are mainly | 6,138,564 |
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variations of the previous classes. For example, class-G and class-H amplifiers are marked by variation of the supply rails (in discrete steps or in a continuous fashion, respectively) following the input signal. Wasted heat on the output devices can be reduced as excess voltage is kept to a minimum. The amplifier that is fed with these rails itself can be of any class. These kinds of amplifiers are more complex, and are mainly used for specialized applications, such as very high-power units. Also, class-E and class-F amplifiers are commonly described in literature for radio-frequency applications where efficiency of the traditional classes is important, yet several aspects deviate substantially | 6,138,565 |
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from their ideal values. These classes use harmonic tuning of their output networks to achieve higher efficiency and can be considered a subset of class C due to their conduction-angle characteristics.
### Class E.
The class-E/F amplifier is a highly efficient tuned switching power amplifier used at radio frequencies. It uses a single-pole switching element and a tuned reactive network between the switch and the load. The circuit obtains high efficiency by only operating the switching element at points of zero current (on to off switching) or zero voltage (off to on switching) which minimizes power lost in the switch, even when the switching time of the devices is long compared to the frequency | 6,138,566 |
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of operation.
The class-E amplifier is frequently cited to have been first reported in 1975. However, a full description of class-E operation may be found in the 1964 doctoral thesis of Gerald D. Ewing. Interestingly, analytical design-equations only recently became known.
### Class F.
In push–pull amplifiers and in CMOS, the even harmonics of both transistors just cancel. Experiment shows that a square wave can be generated by those amplifiers. Theoretically square waves consist of odd harmonics only. In a class-D amplifier, the output filter blocks all harmonics; i.e., the harmonics see an open load. So even small currents in the harmonics suffice to generate a voltage square wave. The | 6,138,567 |
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current is in phase with the voltage applied to the filter, but the voltage across the transistors is out of phase. Therefore, there is a minimal overlap between current through the transistors and voltage across the transistors. The sharper the edges, the lower the overlap.
While in class D, transistors and the load exist as two separate modules, class F admits imperfections like the parasitics of the transistor and tries to optimise the global system to have a high impedance at the harmonics . Of course there must be a finite voltage across the transistor to push the current across the on-state resistance. Because the combined current through both transistors is mostly in the first harmonic, | 6,138,568 |
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it looks like a sine. That means that in the middle of the square the maximum of current has to flow, so it may make sense to have a dip in the square or in other words to allow some overswing of the voltage square wave. A class-F load network by definition has to transmit below a cutoff frequency and reflect above.
Any frequency lying below the cutoff and having its second harmonic above the cutoff can be amplified, that is an octave bandwidth. On the other hand, an inductive-capacitive series circuit with a large inductance and a tunable capacitance may be simpler to implement. By reducing the duty cycle below 0.5, the output amplitude can be modulated. The voltage square waveform degrades, | 6,138,569 |
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but any overheating is compensated by the lower overall power flowing. Any load mismatch behind the filter can only act on the first harmonic current waveform, clearly only a purely resistive load makes sense, then the lower the resistance, the higher the current.
Class F can be driven by sine or by a square wave, for a sine the input can be tuned by an inductor to increase gain. If class F is implemented with a single transistor, the filter is complicated to short the even harmonics. All previous designs use sharp edges to minimise the overlap.
### Classes G and H.
There are a variety of amplifier designs that enhance class-AB output stages with more efficient techniques to achieve greater | 6,138,570 |
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efficiency with low distortion. These designs are common in large audio amplifiers since the heatsinks and power transformers would be prohibitively large (and costly) without the efficiency increases. The terms "class G" and "class H" are used interchangeably to refer to different designs, varying in definition from one manufacturer or paper to another.
Class-G amplifiers (which use "rail switching" to decrease power consumption and increase efficiency) are more efficient than class-AB amplifiers. These amplifiers provide several power rails at different voltages and switch between them as the signal output approaches each level. Thus, the amplifier increases efficiency by reducing the wasted | 6,138,571 |
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power at the output transistors. Class-G amplifiers are more efficient than class AB but less efficient when compared to class D, however, they do not have the electromagnetic interference effects of class D.
Class-H amplifiers create an infinitely variable (analog) supply rail. They are sometimes referred to as rail trackers. This is done by modulating the supply rails so that the rails are only a few volts larger than the output signal "tracking" it at any given time. The output stage operates at its maximum efficiency all the time. This is due to the circuit ability to keep the rail transistors (T2 and T4) in cutoff until a music voltage peak is of a sufficient magnitude to require the additional | 6,138,572 |
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voltage from the + and - 80v supplies. Refer to the schematic figure. The class H amplifier can actually be thought of as two amplifiers in series. In the schematic example shown by the figure, + - 40 v rail amplifiers can produce about 100 Watts continuous into an 8 ohm load. If vout music signal is operating below 40 volts, the amplifier only has the losses associated with a 100 W amplifier. This is because the Class H upper devices T2 and T4 are only used when the music signal is between 100 and 400 Watts output. The key to understanding this efficiency without churning the actual numbers is that we have a 400 Watt capable amplifier but with the efficiency of a 100 Watt amplifier. This is | 6,138,573 |
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because the wave-forms of music contain long periods under 100 Watts and contain only brief bursts of up to 400 Watts instantaneous; in other words, the losses at 400 Watts are for brief time periods. If this example were drawn as a class AB with just the 80 v supplies in place of the 40 v supplies, the T1 and T3 transistors would need to be in conduction throughout the 0v to 80 v signal with the corresponding VI losses all through the vout wave period - not just the brief high energy bursts. To achieve this rail tracking control, T2 and T4 act as current amplifiers, each in series with its low voltage counterpart T1 and T3. The purpose of T2 and T3 is to allow back-biasing diode D2 when vout | 6,138,574 |
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is at a positive peak (above 39.3v) and back biasing D4 when vout is at negative peak less than -39.3v. During the vout musical peaks from 100 to 400 Watts, the 40 v supplies have zero "Amperes drawn from them" as all current comes from the 80v rails. This figure is too simplistic however as It will not actually control the T2 T4 transistors at all. This is because the D1 and D3 diodes which are intended to provide a path for the vout back into the upper devices are "always reverse biased. They are drawn backwards." In place of these diodes, a voltage amplifier with gain which uses vout as its input would be needed in an actual design. There is another reason for this gain requirement between | 6,138,575 |
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ch are intended to provide a path for the vout back into the upper devices are "always reverse biased. They are drawn backwards." In place of these diodes, a voltage amplifier with gain which uses vout as its input would be needed in an actual design. There is another reason for this gain requirement between vout and T2 base in an actual class H design and that is to assure that the signal applied to the T2 is always "ahead" of the Vout signal so it can never "catch up" with the rail tracker. The rail tracker amplifier might have a 50v/uSec slew rate while the AB amplifier might have only a 30v/uSec slew rate in order to guarantee this.
# See also.
- Class-T amplifier
- Class-XD Amplifier | 6,138,576 |
54005409 | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amalie%20Wilhelmine%20Henriette%20Ernestine%20Bianca%20von%20Forcade%20de%20Biaix | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix
Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix
Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix (* 27 July 1811 at Schleibitz Manor, Oels, Silesia; † 16 April 1880, Lauban, Lauban County, Silesia) was a daughter of Captain Friedrich Wilhelm Leopold Konstantin Quirin Freiherr von Forcade de Biaix, Lord of Schleibitz, Hamm, Groß-Naedlitz and Loslau, and Amalie Ernestine Wilhelmine Elisabeth von Poser und Groß-Naedlitz. She was a descendant of the noble family of Forcade.
She married 17 January 1832 at Krakowahne Castle, Trebnitz County in Silesia with Heinrich Sylvius Friedrich Adolf von Randow, Herr of Pangau (* 25 January 1807, Oels, Silesia; † 29 September | 6,138,577 |
54005409 | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amalie%20Wilhelmine%20Henriette%20Ernestine%20Bianca%20von%20Forcade%20de%20Biaix | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix
1859, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Royal Prussian Captain in the Artillery and a professional engineer (railways), who emigrated in 1853 to Dona Francisca in Brazil.
Dona Francisca in Brazil seems not to have met the expectation of the family. In any case, Bianca von Forcade of Biaix together with her daughters and sons Lothar and little Adolf, at the latest in 1855, returned to Silesia. Bianca had written in 1866 and 1875 to her son Maximilian von Randow, who stayed in Brazil. Also Adolf and the three children who stayed in Brazil, Arthur, Alexander and Maximilian, left the colony Dona Francisca and went to Rio de Janeiro. The father worked there, according to the information he gave to his relatives | 6,138,578 |
54005409 | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amalie%20Wilhelmine%20Henriette%20Ernestine%20Bianca%20von%20Forcade%20de%20Biaix | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix
in Germany, as an "engineer." At the Institute Hans Staden, in São Paulo, is the information that Adolf von Randow had been commissioned to make a topographic survey of a colony of emigrants.
Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianka von Forcade de Biaix and Heinrich Sylvius Friedrich Adolf von Randow were cousins, their mothers were sisters, Wilhelmine Christiane Friederike Henriette von Poser und Gross-Naedlitz and Amalie Ernestine Wilhelmine Elisabeth von Poser und Groß-Naedlitz, daughters of , Royal Lieutenant Colonel of Prussia and Helper of Frederick the Great.
Bianca and Adolf had many children: Arthur von Randow, Lothar von Randow, Georg Friedrich Adolf Alexander von Randow, Georg | 6,138,579 |
54005409 | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amalie%20Wilhelmine%20Henriette%20Ernestine%20Bianca%20von%20Forcade%20de%20Biaix | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix
Friedrich Adolf Maximilian von Randow, Adolf von Randow, Anna von Randow and Antoinette von Randow.
From Alexander and Maximillian descend two Brazilian houses of von Randow with hundreds of members still today.
Bianca and Heinrich Sylvius Friedrich Adolf von Randow are the common ancestors of all Family von Randow living in Brazil.
# Family.
## Coat of arms.
Coat of Arms: An escutcheon with the field divided into four parts. Left half: argent tincture, a gules lion holding a sinople eradicated oak tree between its paws; azure tincture charged with three or mullets; Right half: a gules castle with three towers on an argent tincture; sinople tincture charged with three argent roses below | 6,138,580 |
54005409 | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amalie%20Wilhelmine%20Henriette%20Ernestine%20Bianca%20von%20Forcade%20de%20Biaix | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix
it. A "Grafenkrone" (Count's coronet) as helmut on top of the escutcheon, crested with a or fleur-de-lis. Two or lions supporting the escutcheon. Motto: ""In Virtute Pertinax"".
Heraldic Symbolism: The lion symbolizes courage; the eradicated oak tree symbolizes strength and endurance; the towers are symbols of defense and of individual fortitude; the mullets (5-star) symbolizes divine quality bestowed by god; the rose is a symbol of hope and joy; the fleur-de-lis is the floral emblem of France; the coronet is a symbol of victory, sovereignty and empire. A Count's coronet to demonstrate rank and because the family originally served the counts of Foix and Béarn during the English Wars in the | 6,138,581 |
54005409 | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amalie%20Wilhelmine%20Henriette%20Ernestine%20Bianca%20von%20Forcade%20de%20Biaix | Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Ernestine Bianca von Forcade de Biaix
ur-de-lis. Two or lions supporting the escutcheon. Motto: ""In Virtute Pertinax"".
Heraldic Symbolism: The lion symbolizes courage; the eradicated oak tree symbolizes strength and endurance; the towers are symbols of defense and of individual fortitude; the mullets (5-star) symbolizes divine quality bestowed by god; the rose is a symbol of hope and joy; the fleur-de-lis is the floral emblem of France; the coronet is a symbol of victory, sovereignty and empire. A Count's coronet to demonstrate rank and because the family originally served the counts of Foix and Béarn during the English Wars in the Middle Ages.
# Ancestors.
The family motto of the Prussian branch is ""In Virtute Pertinax"". | 6,138,582 |
54005602 | Archbishop Arsenije | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archbishop%20Arsenije | Archbishop Arsenije
Archbishop Arsenije
Archbishop Arsenije may refer to:
- Archbishop Arsenije I, Serbian Archbishop from 1233 to 1263
- Archbishop Arsenije II, Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch from 1457 to 1463
- Archbishop Arsenije III, Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch from 1674 to 1690 (1706)
- Archbishop Arsenije IV, Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch from 1725 to 1737 (1748)
# See also.
- Arsenije (name)
- Patriarch Arsenije (disambiguation)
- List of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church | 6,138,583 |
54005617 | Kurdo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurdo | Kurdo
Kurdo
Kurdo may refer to:
- Kurdo (rapper) (born 1988), German rapper of Iraqi-Kurdish origin
- Kurdo Baksi, (born 1965), Swedish social commentator, author, journalist and activist
- Qanate Kurdo (1909–1985), Kurdish writer, linguist and academic | 6,138,584 |
54005660 | Capitol of Palau | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capitol%20of%20Palau | Capitol of Palau
Capitol of Palau
The Capitol of Palau is the palace of the Palau National Congress. and is located in Ngerulmud, the administrative capital of the country. Its design is based on the United States Capitol. | 6,138,585 |
54005574 | Gunton Wood | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunton%20Wood | Gunton Wood
Gunton Wood
Gunton Wood is a 2.8 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Lowestoft in Suffolk. It is owned by Waveney District Council and managed by the Gunton Wood Community Project.
This was formerly part of the gardens of Gunton Old Hall, which was demolished in 1963. There are trees such as lime, oak and copper beech, a pond and green winged and bee orchids.
There is access from Gunton Church Lane. | 6,138,586 |
54005595 | Geraldine Edwards | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geraldine%20Edwards | Geraldine Edwards
Geraldine Edwards
Geraldine Edwards was an All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player.
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Edwards joined the league with the Kenosha Comets club in its 1951 season. Additional information is incomplete because there are no records available at the time of the request.
In 1988 a permanent display was inaugurated at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum at Cooperstown, New York, that honors those who were part of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Geraldine Edwards, along with the rest of the girls and the league staff, is included at the display/exhibit. | 6,138,587 |
54005678 | Giovanni Carlo Coppola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giovanni%20Carlo%20Coppola | Giovanni Carlo Coppola
Giovanni Carlo Coppola
Giovanni Carlo Coppola (died 1606) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Muro Lucano (1643–1652).
# Biography.
Giovanni Carlo Coppola was born in Gallipoli, Italy.
On 18 May 1643, Giovanni Carlo Coppola was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Muro Lucano.
He served as Bishop of Muro Lucano until his death in 1652.
# External links and additional sources.
- (for Chronology of Bishops)
- (for Chronology of Bishops) | 6,138,588 |
54005483 | Adelaide Phillpotts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adelaide%20Phillpotts | Adelaide Phillpotts
Adelaide Phillpotts
Mary Adelaide Eden Ross (née Phillpotts, 23 April 1896 – 4 June 1993) was an English novelist, poet and playwright. She married at the age of 55 leaving behind her father who had controlled their incestuous relationship.
# Life.
Phillpotts was born in Ealing, London and went to a local boarding school and then to Grassendale School in Southbourne, Dorset. Later she studied social care at Bedford College.
As a 12-year-old girl she looked up to her slightly older Torquay neighbour Agatha Miller (later known to the world as Agatha Christie). Her father, the successful and prolific writer Eden Phillpotts, was impressed enough by Agatha's early work to help her with it, but | 6,138,589 |
54005483 | Adelaide Phillpotts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adelaide%20Phillpotts | Adelaide Phillpotts
at that point unsuccessfully. Amongst other literary celebrities who visited the Phillpotts family were Thomas Hardy and Arnold Bennett.
Eden Phillpotts treated his daughter as an extension of himself. Her long held secret, revealed in an interview in 1976 long after her father had died, was that the relationship had been incestuous. She contrasted his obsessive, controlling "love" for her by saying that she loved him too, but only as a father. However she was compliant to his demands.
Phillpotts was treated cruelly by her father, but he would also write her sonnets. Dayananda notes that she published seven similar books where the lead character is not an ambitious feminist but is instead | 6,138,590 |
54005483 | Adelaide Phillpotts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adelaide%20Phillpotts | Adelaide Phillpotts
a woman based in the home. Despite being a sensitive woman, her heroine is beginning to realise that her gender's role may not always be submissive. The books, "A Marriage", "The Gallant Heart", "The Round of Life", "Our Little Town", "From Jane to John", "The Fosterling", "Stubborn Earth" were published between 1928 and 1951.
In 1938 the three act comedy play, "Yellow Sands" that she had written with her father in 1926 was made into a film. The film starred Marie Tempest, Belle Chrystall and Wilfrid Lawson.
In 1951, at the age of 55, and strongly against her father's wishes, she married American bookseller Nicholas Ross (died 1967). From that time on she published under the name Adelaide | 6,138,591 |
54005483 | Adelaide Phillpotts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adelaide%20Phillpotts | Adelaide Phillpotts
Ross, and her father cut off all communication with her until his death in 1960.
She died in Poughill near Bude in Cornwall, and is buried in Morwenstow.
The National Portrait Gallery holds two photographs of Phillpotts, both taken in 1926 and donated by Pinewood Studios via the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1989.
# Works include.
- "Illyrion and other poems", 1916
- "Yellow Sands; a comedy in three acts" by her and Eden Phillpotts, 1926 later a book and a film in 1938
- "A Marriage", 1928
- "Tomek, the sculptor", 1927
- "Buy a broom" : comedy in three acts, 1929
- "The Good Old Days", 1932, a play co-written with her father
- "West country plays: Buy a broom and A cup of happiness" | 6,138,592 |
54005483 | Adelaide Phillpotts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adelaide%20Phillpotts | Adelaide Phillpotts
r
- "West country plays: Buy a broom and A cup of happiness" by her and Eden Phillpotts, 1933
- "My Lady's Mill", 1935, a play co-written with her father
- "Akhnaton" : a play
- "The Gallant Heart", 1939
- "The Round of Life", 1939
- "Our Little Town", 1942
- "From Jane to John", 1943
- "The Fosterling", 1949
- "Stubborn Earth", 1951
- "Panorama of the world" by Adelaide Ross, 1969 (travel – Hale, )
- "Letters to Nicholas Ross" by John Cowper Powys, selected by Nicholas Ross and Adelaide Ross, edited by Arthur Uphill, 1971 (Bertram Rota, )
- "Reverie: an autobiography", 1981 (Hale, )
- "Village love : a country romance" by Adelaide Phillpotts Ross (1988 reprint, Rigby & Lewis, ) | 6,138,593 |
54005825 | Evolve World Tour | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evolve%20World%20Tour | Evolve World Tour
Evolve World Tour
The Evolve World Tour (stylized as ƎVOLVE World Tour) was the third concert tour by American pop rock band Imagine Dragons in support of their third studio album "Evolve" (2017). The tour began on September 26, 2017 in Phoenix, Arizona and concluded on November 18, 2018, in Mexico City.
# Background.
Imagine Dragons conducted two previous tours, their Night Visions Tour and Smoke + Mirrors Tour, supporting their first two albums, released in 2012 and 2015. Following the release of two singles, "Believer" and "Thunder" in early 2017, the band released their third studio album, "Evolve", in June 2017. In May, the band had announced the Evolve Tour in support of the album. On | 6,138,594 |
54005825 | Evolve World Tour | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evolve%20World%20Tour | Evolve World Tour
ions Tour and Smoke + Mirrors Tour, supporting their first two albums, released in 2012 and 2015. Following the release of two singles, "Believer" and "Thunder" in early 2017, the band released their third studio album, "Evolve", in June 2017. In May, the band had announced the Evolve Tour in support of the album. On September 18, 2017 they announced 23 further dates, extending the tour to Europe. The Tour began on September 26, 2017. K. Flay was the opening act for their first US tour leg and their UK and Europe shows. In December, the band announced six shows in Australia and New Zealand. Singer-songwriter Grace VanderWaal was the opening act in the tour's 2018 summer leg in North America. | 6,138,595 |
54005845 | Daniel Vandervoort | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20Vandervoort | Daniel Vandervoort
Daniel Vandervoort
Daniel "Danny" Vandervoort (born March 13, 1994) is a former professional Canadian football wide receiver.
# College career.
Vandervoort played college football at McMaster University playing for the McMaster Marauders where he was named CIS rookie of the year in 2013.
Vandervoort collected 831 yards and five touchdowns in his final season with the Mauraders. Over four years at McMaster, he hauled in 148 receptions and 2,572 receiving yards. His 29 career receiving touchdowns are also third all-time in U Sports history.
# Professional career.
## BC Lions.
Vandervoort was drafted in the first round, 3rd overall by the BC Lions in the 2017 CFL Draft. He dressed in all | 6,138,596 |
54005845 | Daniel Vandervoort | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20Vandervoort | Daniel Vandervoort
sity playing for the McMaster Marauders where he was named CIS rookie of the year in 2013.
Vandervoort collected 831 yards and five touchdowns in his final season with the Mauraders. Over four years at McMaster, he hauled in 148 receptions and 2,572 receiving yards. His 29 career receiving touchdowns are also third all-time in U Sports history.
# Professional career.
## BC Lions.
Vandervoort was drafted in the first round, 3rd overall by the BC Lions in the 2017 CFL Draft. He dressed in all 18 games during the 2017 season and recorded his first reception on July 21, 2017 against the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.
# External links.
- Daniel Vandervoort CFL bio
- Daniel Vandervoort McMaster bio | 6,138,597 |
54005492 | Eliza Archard Conner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eliza%20Archard%20Conner | Eliza Archard Conner
Eliza Archard Conner
Eliza Archard Conner (pen names, Zig; E. A.; January 4, 1838 – June 4, 1912) was a 19th-century American writer (journalist, novelist), lecturer, teacher, and feminist from Ohio. Conner began writing for newspapers at the age of 13. She served in various roles for the "Saturday Evening Post", of Philadelphia, the "Commercial" of Cincinnati, and the "New York World" of New York City. She also worked towards the emancipation and advancement of women. She died in New York in 1912.
# Early years and education.
Eliza Archard was born January 4, 1838 in Monroe Township, Clermont County, Ohio on a farm near Cincinnati. Her parents were James and Jane Archard. Her ancestors were | 6,138,598 |
54005492 | Eliza Archard Conner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eliza%20Archard%20Conner | Eliza Archard Conner
of Quaker, German Moravian, Irish and English Presbyterian background. They were among the pioneers of southern Ohio, and one of them founded the town of New Richmond. She was educated in Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, taking the full course in classics and higher mathematics. Her first newspaper contribution was printed when she was 13 years old.
# Career.
In her early career, she was a teacher and instructor in Latin and German in the Indianapolis High School. There, her persistent refusal to accept less wages than had been previously paid to a man teacher for doing the same work resulted in the passing of a rule by the school board that teachers of both sexes in the high school | 6,138,599 |
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