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//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "user/user_composite.h"
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <mujoco/mjmodel.h>
#include <mujoco/mjspec.h>
#include <mujoco/mjtnum.h>
#include "cc/array_safety.h"
#include "engine/engine_util_blas.h"
#include "engine/engine_util_errmem.h"
#include "engine/engine_util_misc.h"
#include "user/user_model.h"
#include "user/user_objects.h"
#include "user/user_api.h"
#include "user/user_util.h"
namespace {
namespace mju = ::mujoco::util;
} // namespace
// strncpy with 0, return false
static bool comperr(char* error, const char* msg, int error_sz) {
mju_strncpy(error, msg, error_sz);
return false;
}
// constructor
mjCComposite::mjCComposite(void) {
// common properties
prefix.clear();
type = mjCOMPTYPE_PARTICLE;
count[0] = count[1] = count[2] = 1;
mjuu_setvec(offset, 0, 0, 0);
mjuu_setvec(quat, 1, 0, 0, 0);
frame = nullptr;
// plugin variables
mjs_defaultPlugin(&plugin);
plugin_name = "";
plugin_instance_name = "";
plugin.plugin_name = (mjString*)&plugin_name;
plugin.name = (mjString*)&plugin_instance_name;
// cable
curve[0] = curve[1] = curve[2] = mjCOMPSHAPE_ZERO;
mjuu_setvec(size, 1, 0, 0);
initial = "ball";
// skin
skin = false;
skintexcoord = false;
skinmaterial.clear();
mjuu_setvec(skinrgba, 1, 1, 1, 1);
skininflate = 0;
skinsubgrid = 0;
skingroup = 0;
// clear add flags
for (int i=0; i < mjNCOMPKINDS; i++) {
add[i] = false;
}
// clear internal
dim = 0;
}
// create the array of default joint options, append new elements only for particles type
bool mjCComposite::AddDefaultJoint(char* error, int error_sz) {
for (int i=0; i < mjNCOMPKINDS; i++) {
if (!defjoint[(mjtCompKind)i].empty() && type != mjCOMPTYPE_PARTICLE) {
comperr(error, "Only particles are allowed to have multiple joints", error_sz);
return false;
} else {
mjCDef jnt;
jnt.spec.joint->group = 3;
defjoint[(mjtCompKind)i].push_back(jnt);
}
}
return true;
}
// set defaults, after reading top-level info and skin
void mjCComposite::SetDefault(void) {
// set all default groups to 3
for (int i=0; i < mjNCOMPKINDS; i++) {
def[i].spec.geom->group = 3;
def[i].spec.site->group = 3;
def[i].spec.tendon->group = 3;
}
// set default joint
AddDefaultJoint();
// set default geom and tendon group to 0 if needed to be visible
if (!skin || type == mjCOMPTYPE_CABLE) {
for (int i=0; i < mjNCOMPKINDS; i++) {
def[i].spec.geom->group = 0;
def[i].spec.tendon->group = 0;
}
}
}
// make composite object
bool mjCComposite::Make(mjSpec* spec, mjsBody* body, char* error, int error_sz) {
mjCModel* model = (mjCModel*)spec->element;
// check counts
for (int i=0; i < 3; i++) {
if (count[i] < 1) {
return comperr(error, "Positive counts expected in composite", error_sz);
}
}
// check cable sizes are nonzero if vertices are not prescribed
if (mjuu_dot3(size, size) < mjMINVAL && uservert.empty()) {
return comperr(error, "Positive spacing or length expected in composite", error_sz);
}
// check either uservert or count but not both
if (!uservert.empty()) {
if (count[0] > 1) {
return comperr(error, "Either vertex or count can be specified, not both", error_sz);
}
count[0] = uservert.size()/3;
count[1] = 1;
}
// determine dimensionality, check singleton order
bool first = false;
for (int i=0; i < 3; i++) {
if (count[i] == 1) {
first = true;
} else {
dim++;
if (first) {
return comperr(error, "Singleton counts must come last", error_sz);
}
}
}
// clear skin vectors
face.clear();
vert.clear();
bindpos.clear();
bindquat.clear();
texcoord.clear();
vertid.clear();
vertweight.clear();
// require 3x3 for subgrid
if (skin && skinsubgrid > 0 && type != mjCOMPTYPE_CABLE) {
if (count[0] < 3 || count[1] < 3) {
return comperr(error, "At least 3x3 required for skin subgrid", error_sz);
}
}
// check plugin compatibility
// TODO: move mujoco.elasticity.cable to the engine
if (plugin.active) {
if (type != mjCOMPTYPE_CABLE) {
return comperr(error, "Only cable composite supports plugins", error_sz);
}
if (plugin_name != "mujoco.elasticity.cable") {
return comperr(error, "Only mujoco.elasticity.cable is supported by composites", error_sz);
}
}
// overwrite plugin name
if (plugin_instance_name.empty() && plugin.active) {
plugin_instance_name = "composite" + prefix;
(static_cast<mjCPlugin*>(plugin.element))->name = plugin_instance_name;
}
// dispatch
switch (type) {
case mjCOMPTYPE_PARTICLE:
return comperr(error,
"The \"particle\" composite type is deprecated. Please use "
"\"replicate\" instead.",
error_sz);
case mjCOMPTYPE_GRID:
return comperr(error,
"The \"grid\" composite type is deprecated. Please use "
"\"flex\" instead.",
error_sz);
case mjCOMPTYPE_ROPE:
return comperr(error,
"The \"rope\" composite type is deprecated. Please use "
"\"cable\" instead.",
error_sz);
case mjCOMPTYPE_LOOP:
return comperr(error,
"The \"loop\" composite type is deprecated. Please use "
"\"flexcomp\" instead.",
error_sz);
case mjCOMPTYPE_CABLE:
return MakeCable(model, body, error, error_sz);
case mjCOMPTYPE_CLOTH:
return comperr(error,
"The \"cloth\" composite type is deprecated. Please use "
"\"shell\" instead.",
error_sz);
default:
return comperr(error, "Unknown shape in composite", error_sz);
}
}
bool mjCComposite::MakeCable(mjCModel* model, mjsBody* body, char* error, int error_sz) {
// check dim
if (dim != 1) {
return comperr(error, "Cable must be one-dimensional", error_sz);
}
// check geom type
if (def[0].spec.geom->type != mjGEOM_CYLINDER &&
def[0].spec.geom->type != mjGEOM_CAPSULE &&
def[0].spec.geom->type != mjGEOM_BOX) {
return comperr(error, "Cable geom type must be sphere, capsule or box", error_sz);
}
// add name to model
mjsText* pte = mjs_addText(&model->spec);
mjs_setName(pte->element, ("composite_" + prefix).c_str());
mjs_setString(pte->data, ("rope_" + prefix).c_str());
// populate uservert if not specified
if (uservert.empty()) {
for (int ix=0; ix < count[0]; ix++) {
double v[3];
for (int k=0; k < 3; k++) {
switch (curve[k]) {
case mjCOMPSHAPE_LINE:
v[k] = ix*size[0]/(count[0]-1);
break;
case mjCOMPSHAPE_COS:
v[k] = size[1]*cos(mjPI*ix*size[2]/(count[0]-1));
break;
case mjCOMPSHAPE_SIN:
v[k] = size[1]*sin(mjPI*ix*size[2]/(count[0]-1));
break;
case mjCOMPSHAPE_ZERO:
v[k] = 0;
break;
default:
// SHOULD NOT OCCUR
mju_error("Invalid composite shape: %d", curve[k]);
break;
}
}
mjuu_rotVecQuat(v, v, quat);
uservert.insert(uservert.end(), v, v+3);
}
}
// create frame
double normal[3], prev_quat[4];
mjuu_setvec(normal, 0, 1, 0);
mjuu_setvec(prev_quat, 1, 0, 0, 0);
// add one body after the other
for (int ix=0; ix < count[0]-1; ix++) {
body = AddCableBody(model, body, ix, normal, prev_quat);
}
// add skin
if (def[0].spec.geom->type == mjGEOM_BOX) {
if (skinsubgrid > 0) {
count[1]+=2;
MakeSkin2Subgrid(model, 2*def[0].spec.geom->size[2]);
count[1]-=2;
} else {
count[1]++;
MakeSkin2(model, 2*def[0].spec.geom->size[2]);
count[1]--;
}
}
return true;
}
mjsBody* mjCComposite::AddCableBody(mjCModel* model, mjsBody* body, int ix,
double normal[3], double prev_quat[4]) {
char txt_geom[100], txt_site[100], txt_slide[100];
char this_body[100], next_body[100], this_joint[100];
double dquat[4], this_quat[4];
// set flags
int lastidx = count[0]-2;
bool first = ix == 0;
bool last = ix == lastidx;
bool secondlast = ix == lastidx-1;
// compute edge and tangent vectors
double edge[3], tprev[3], tnext[3], length_prev = 0;
mjuu_setvec(edge, uservert[3*(ix+1)+0]-uservert[3*ix+0],
uservert[3*(ix+1)+1]-uservert[3*ix+1],
uservert[3*(ix+1)+2]-uservert[3*ix+2]);
if (!first) {
mjuu_setvec(tprev, uservert[3*ix+0]-uservert[3*(ix-1)+0],
uservert[3*ix+1]-uservert[3*(ix-1)+1],
uservert[3*ix+2]-uservert[3*(ix-1)+2]);
length_prev = mjuu_normvec(tprev, 3);
}
if (!last) {
mjuu_setvec(tnext, uservert[3*(ix+2)+0]-uservert[3*(ix+1)+0],
uservert[3*(ix+2)+1]-uservert[3*(ix+1)+1],
uservert[3*(ix+2)+2]-uservert[3*(ix+1)+2]);
mjuu_normvec(tnext, 3);
}
// update moving frame
double length = mjuu_updateFrame(this_quat, normal, edge, tprev, tnext, first);
// create body, joint, and geom names
if (first) {
mju::sprintf_arr(this_body, "%sB_first", prefix.c_str());
mju::sprintf_arr(next_body, "%sB_%d", prefix.c_str(), ix+1);
mju::sprintf_arr(this_joint, "%sJ_first", prefix.c_str());
mju::sprintf_arr(txt_site, "%sS_first", prefix.c_str());
} else if (last) {
mju::sprintf_arr(this_body, "%sB_last", prefix.c_str());
mju::sprintf_arr(next_body, "%sB_first", prefix.c_str());
mju::sprintf_arr(this_joint, "%sJ_last", prefix.c_str());
mju::sprintf_arr(txt_site, "%sS_last", prefix.c_str());
} else if (secondlast){
mju::sprintf_arr(this_body, "%sB_%d", prefix.c_str(), ix);
mju::sprintf_arr(next_body, "%sB_last", prefix.c_str());
mju::sprintf_arr(this_joint, "%sJ_%d", prefix.c_str(), ix);
} else {
mju::sprintf_arr(this_body, "%sB_%d", prefix.c_str(), ix);
mju::sprintf_arr(next_body, "%sB_%d", prefix.c_str(), ix+1);
mju::sprintf_arr(this_joint, "%sJ_%d", prefix.c_str(), ix);
}
mju::sprintf_arr(txt_geom, "%sG%d", prefix.c_str(), ix);
mju::sprintf_arr(txt_slide, "%sJs%d", prefix.c_str(), ix);
// add body
body = mjs_addBody(body, 0);
mjs_setName(body->element, this_body);
if (first) {
mjuu_setvec(body->pos, offset[0]+uservert[3*ix],
offset[1]+uservert[3*ix+1],
offset[2]+uservert[3*ix+2]);
mjuu_copyvec(body->quat, this_quat, 4);
if (frame) {
mjs_setFrame(body->element, frame);
}
} else {
mjuu_setvec(body->pos, length_prev, 0, 0);
double negquat[4] = {prev_quat[0], -prev_quat[1], -prev_quat[2], -prev_quat[3]};
mjuu_mulquat(dquat, negquat, this_quat);
mjuu_copyvec(body->quat, dquat, 4);
}
// add geom
mjsGeom* geom = mjs_addGeom(body, &def[0].spec);
mjs_setDefault(geom->element, mjs_getDefault(body->element));
mjs_setName(geom->element, txt_geom);
if (def[0].spec.geom->type == mjGEOM_CYLINDER ||
def[0].spec.geom->type == mjGEOM_CAPSULE) {
mjuu_zerovec(geom->fromto, 6);
geom->fromto[3] = length;
} else if (def[0].spec.geom->type == mjGEOM_BOX) {
mjuu_zerovec(geom->pos, 3);
geom->pos[0] = length/2;
geom->size[0] = length/2;
}
// add plugin
if (plugin.active) {
mjsPlugin* pplugin = &body->plugin;
pplugin->active = true;
pplugin->element = plugin.element;
mjs_setString(pplugin->plugin_name, mjs_getString(plugin.plugin_name));
mjs_setString(pplugin->name, plugin_instance_name.c_str());
}
// update orientation
mjuu_copyvec(prev_quat, this_quat, 4);
// add curvature joint
if (!first || strcmp(initial.c_str(), "none")) {
mjsJoint* jnt = mjs_addJoint(body, &defjoint[mjCOMPKIND_JOINT][0].spec);
mjs_setDefault(jnt->element, mjs_getDefault(body->element));
jnt->type = (first && strcmp(initial.c_str(), "free") == 0) ? mjJNT_FREE : mjJNT_BALL;
jnt->damping = jnt->type == mjJNT_FREE ? 0 : jnt->damping;
jnt->armature = jnt->type == mjJNT_FREE ? 0 : jnt->armature;
jnt->frictionloss = jnt->type == mjJNT_FREE ? 0 : jnt->frictionloss;
mjs_setName(jnt->element, this_joint);
}
// exclude contact pair
if (!last) {
mjsExclude* exclude = mjs_addExclude(&model->spec);
mjs_setString(exclude->bodyname1, std::string(this_body).c_str());
mjs_setString(exclude->bodyname2, std::string(next_body).c_str());
}
// add site at the boundary
if (last || first) {
mjsSite* site = mjs_addSite(body, &def[0].spec);
mjs_setDefault(site->element, mjs_getDefault(body->element));
mjs_setName(site->element, txt_site);
mjuu_setvec(site->pos, last ? length : 0, 0, 0);
mjuu_setvec(site->quat, 1, 0, 0, 0);
}
return body;
}
// copy local vectors to skin
void mjCComposite::CopyIntoSkin(mjsSkin* skin) {
mjs_setInt(skin->face, face.data(), face.size());
mjs_setFloat(skin->vert, vert.data(), vert.size());
mjs_setFloat(skin->bindpos, bindpos.data(), bindpos.size());
mjs_setFloat(skin->bindquat, bindquat.data(), bindquat.size());
mjs_setFloat(skin->texcoord, texcoord.data(), texcoord.size());
for (int i=0; i < vertid.size(); i++) {
mjs_appendIntVec(skin->vertid, vertid[i].data(), vertid[i].size());
}
for (int i=0; i < vertweight.size(); i++) {
mjs_appendFloatVec(skin->vertweight, vertweight[i].data(), vertweight[i].size());
}
face.clear();
vert.clear();
bindpos.clear();
bindquat.clear();
texcoord.clear();
vertid.clear();
vertweight.clear();
}
// add skin to 2D
void mjCComposite::MakeSkin2(mjCModel* model, mjtNum inflate) {
char txt[100];
int N = count[0]*count[1];
// add skin, set name and material
mjsSkin* skin = mjs_addSkin(&model->spec);
mju::sprintf_arr(txt, "%sSkin", prefix.c_str());
mjs_setName(skin->element, txt);
mjs_setString(skin->material, skinmaterial.c_str());
mjuu_copyvec(skin->rgba, skinrgba, 4);
skin->inflate = inflate;
skin->group = skingroup;
// populate mesh: two sides
for (int i=0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int ix=0; ix < count[0]; ix++) {
for (int iy=0; iy < count[1]; iy++) {
// vertex
vert.push_back(0);
vert.push_back(0);
vert.push_back(0);
// texture coordinate
if (skintexcoord) {
texcoord.push_back(ix/(float)(count[0]-1));
texcoord.push_back(iy/(float)(count[1]-1));
}
// face
if (ix < count[0]-1 && iy < count[1]-1) {
face.push_back(i*N + ix*count[1]+iy);
face.push_back(i*N + (ix+1)*count[1]+iy+(i == 1));
face.push_back(i*N + (ix+1)*count[1]+iy+(i == 0));
face.push_back(i*N + ix*count[1]+iy);
face.push_back(i*N + (ix+(i == 0))*count[1]+iy+1);
face.push_back(i*N + (ix+(i == 1))*count[1]+iy+1);
}
}
}
}
// add thin triangles: X direction, iy = 0
for (int ix=0; ix < count[0]-1; ix++) {
face.push_back(ix*count[1]);
face.push_back(N + (ix+1)*count[1]);
face.push_back((ix+1)*count[1]);
face.push_back(ix*count[1]);
face.push_back(N + ix*count[1]);
face.push_back(N + (ix+1)*count[1]);
}
// add thin triangles: X direction, iy = count[1]-1
for (int ix=0; ix < count[0]-1; ix++) {
face.push_back(ix*count[1] + count[1]-1);
face.push_back((ix+1)*count[1] + count[1]-1);
face.push_back(N + (ix+1)*count[1] + count[1]-1);
face.push_back(ix*count[1] + count[1]-1);
face.push_back(N + (ix+1)*count[1] + count[1]-1);
face.push_back(N + ix*count[1] + count[1]-1);
}
// add thin triangles: Y direction, ix = 0
for (int iy=0; iy < count[1]-1; iy++) {
face.push_back(iy);
face.push_back(iy+1);
face.push_back(N + iy+1);
face.push_back(iy);
face.push_back(N + iy+1);
face.push_back(N + iy);
}
// add thin triangles: Y direction, ix = count[0]-1
for (int iy=0; iy < count[1]-1; iy++) {
face.push_back(iy + (count[0]-1)*count[1]);
face.push_back(N + iy+1 + (count[0]-1)*count[1]);
face.push_back(iy+1 + (count[0]-1)*count[1]);
face.push_back(iy + (count[0]-1)*count[1]);
face.push_back(N + iy + (count[0]-1)*count[1]);
face.push_back(N + iy+1 + (count[0]-1)*count[1]);
}
// couple with bones
MakeCableBones(model, skin);
CopyIntoSkin(skin);
}
// add bones to 1D
void mjCComposite::MakeCableBones(mjCModel* model, mjsSkin* skin) {
char this_body[100];
int N = count[0]*count[1];
// populate bones
for (int ix=0; ix < count[0]; ix++) {
for (int iy=0; iy < count[1]; iy++) {
// body name
if (ix == 0) {
mju::sprintf_arr(this_body, "%sB_first", prefix.c_str());
} else if (ix >= count[0]-2) {
mju::sprintf_arr(this_body, "%sB_last", prefix.c_str());
} else {
mju::sprintf_arr(this_body, "%sB_%d", prefix.c_str(), ix);
}
// bind pose
if (iy == 0) {
mjs_appendString(skin->bodyname, this_body);
bindpos.push_back((ix == count[0]-1) ? -2*def[0].spec.geom->size[0] : 0);
bindpos.push_back(-def[0].spec.geom->size[1]);
bindpos.push_back(0);
bindquat.push_back(1); bindquat.push_back(0);
bindquat.push_back(0); bindquat.push_back(0);
} else {
mjs_appendString(skin->bodyname, this_body);
bindpos.push_back((ix == count[0]-1) ? -2*def[0].spec.geom->size[0] : 0);
bindpos.push_back(def[0].spec.geom->size[1]);
bindpos.push_back(0);
bindquat.push_back(1); bindquat.push_back(0);
bindquat.push_back(0); bindquat.push_back(0);
}
// create vertid and vertweight
vertid.push_back({ix*count[1]+iy, N + ix*count[1]+iy});
vertweight.push_back({1, 1});
}
}
}
void mjCComposite::MakeCableBonesSubgrid(mjCModel* model, mjsSkin* skin) {
// populate bones
for (int ix=0; ix < count[0]; ix++) {
for (int iy=0; iy < count[1]; iy++) {
char txt[100];
// body name
if (ix == 0) {
mju::sprintf_arr(txt, "%sB_first", prefix.c_str());
} else if (ix >= count[0]-2) {
mju::sprintf_arr(txt, "%sB_last", prefix.c_str());
} else {
mju::sprintf_arr(txt, "%sB_%d", prefix.c_str(), ix);
}
// bind pose
if (iy == 0) {
bindpos.push_back((ix == count[0]-1) ? -2*def[0].spec.geom->size[0] : 0);
bindpos.push_back(-def[0].Geom().spec.size[1]);
bindpos.push_back(0);
} else if (iy == 2) {
bindpos.push_back((ix == count[0]-1) ? -2*def[0].spec.geom->size[0] : 0);
bindpos.push_back(def[0].Geom().spec.size[1]);
bindpos.push_back(0);
} else {
bindpos.push_back((ix == count[0]-1) ? -2*def[0].spec.geom->size[0] : 0);
bindpos.push_back(0);
bindpos.push_back(0);
}
mjs_appendString(skin->bodyname, txt);
bindquat.push_back(1);
bindquat.push_back(0);
bindquat.push_back(0);
bindquat.push_back(0);
// empty vertid and vertweight
vertid.push_back({});
vertweight.push_back({});
}
}
}
//------------------------------------- subgrid matrices
// C = W * [f; f_x; f_y; f_xy]
static const mjtNum subW[16*16] = {
1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, -2, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
2, 0, 0, -2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, -3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, -2, 0, 0, -1,
0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, -2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-3, 3, 0, 0, -2, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -3, 3, 0, 0, -2, -1, 0, 0,
9, -9, 9, -9, 6, 3, -3, -6, 6, -6, -3, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2,
-6, 6, -6, 6, -4, -2, 2, 4, -3, 3, 3, -3, -2, -1, -1, -2,
2, -2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, -2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
-6, 6, -6, 6, -3, -3, 3, 3, -4, 4, 2, -2, -2, -2, -1, -1,
4, -4, 4, -4, 2, 2, -2, -2, 2, -2, -2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1
};
// left-bottom
static const mjtNum subD00[] = {
5, 1, -1, // f
9, 1, -1,
10, 1, -1,
6, 1, -1,
5, -1, 9, 1, -1, // f_x
5, -0.5, 13, 0.5, -1,
6, -0.5, 14, 0.5, -1,
6, -1, 10, 1, -1,
5, -1, 6, 1, -1, // f_y
9, -1, 10, 1, -1,
9, -0.5, 11, 0.5, -1,
5, -0.5, 7, 0.5, -1,
9, -1, 6, -1, 5, 1, 10, 1, -1, // f_xy
13, -0.5, 6, -0.5, 5, 0.5, 14, 0.5, -1,
13, -0.25, 7, -0.25, 5, 0.25, 15, 0.25, -1,
9, -0.5, 7, -0.5, 5, 0.5, 11, 0.5, -1
};
// center-bottom
static const mjtNum subD10[] = {
5, 1, -1, // f
9, 1, -1,
10, 1, -1,
6, 1, -1,
1, -0.5, 9, 0.5, -1, // f_x
5, -0.5, 13, 0.5, -1,
6, -0.5, 14, 0.5, -1,
2, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
5, -1, 6, 1, -1, // f_y
9, -1, 10, 1, -1,
9, -0.5, 11, 0.5, -1,
5, -0.5, 7, 0.5, -1,
9, -0.5, 2, -0.5, 1, 0.5, 10, 0.5, -1, // f_xy
13, -0.5, 6, -0.5, 5, 0.5, 14, 0.5, -1,
13, -0.25, 7, -0.25, 5, 0.25, 15, 0.25, -1,
9, -0.25, 3, -0.25, 1, 0.25, 11, 0.25, -1
};
// right-bottom
static const mjtNum subD20[] = {
5, 1, -1, // f
9, 1, -1,
10, 1, -1,
6, 1, -1,
1, -0.5, 9, 0.5, -1, // f_x
5, -1, 9, 1, -1,
6, -1, 10, 1, -1,
2, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
5, -1, 6, 1, -1, // f_y
9, -1, 10, 1, -1,
9, -0.5, 11, 0.5, -1,
5, -0.5, 7, 0.5, -1,
9, -0.5, 2, -0.5, 1, 0.5, 10, 0.5, -1, // f_xy
9, -1, 6, -1, 5, 1, 10, 1, -1,
9, -0.5, 7, -0.5, 5, 0.5, 11, 0.5, -1,
9, -0.25, 3, -0.25, 1, 0.25, 11, 0.25, -1
};
// left-center
static const mjtNum subD01[] = {
5, 1, -1, // f
9, 1, -1,
10, 1, -1,
6, 1, -1,
5, -1, 9, 1, -1, // f_x
5, -0.5, 13, 0.5, -1,
6, -0.5, 14, 0.5, -1,
6, -1, 10, 1, -1,
4, -0.5, 6, 0.5, -1, // f_y
8, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
9, -0.5, 11, 0.5, -1,
5, -0.5, 7, 0.5, -1,
8, -0.5, 6, -0.5, 4, 0.5, 10, 0.5, -1, // f_xy
12, -0.25, 6, -0.25, 4, 0.25, 14, 0.25, -1,
13, -0.25, 7, -0.25, 5, 0.25, 15, 0.25, -1,
9, -0.5, 7, -0.5, 5, 0.5, 11, 0.5, -1
};
// center-center
static const mjtNum subD11[] = {
5, 1, -1, // f
9, 1, -1,
10, 1, -1,
6, 1, -1,
1, -0.5, 9, 0.5, -1, // f_x
5, -0.5, 13, 0.5, -1,
6, -0.5, 14, 0.5, -1,
2, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
4, -0.5, 6, 0.5, -1, // f_y
8, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
9, -0.5, 11, 0.5, -1,
5, -0.5, 7, 0.5, -1,
8, -0.25, 2, -0.25, 0, 0.25, 10, 0.25, -1, // f_xy
12, -0.25, 6, -0.25, 4, 0.25, 14, 0.25, -1,
13, -0.25, 7, -0.25, 5, 0.25, 15, 0.25, -1,
9, -0.25, 3, -0.25, 1, 0.25, 11, 0.25, -1
};
// right-center
static const mjtNum subD21[] = {
5, 1, -1, // f
9, 1, -1,
10, 1, -1,
6, 1, -1,
1, -0.5, 9, 0.5, -1, // f_x
5, -1, 9, 1, -1,
6, -1, 10, 1, -1,
2, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
4, -0.5, 6, 0.5, -1, // f_y
8, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
9, -0.5, 11, 0.5, -1,
5, -0.5, 7, 0.5, -1,
8, -0.25, 2, -0.25, 0, 0.25, 10, 0.25, -1, // f_xy
8, -0.5, 6, -0.5, 4, 0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
9, -0.5, 7, -0.5, 5, 0.5, 11, 0.5, -1,
9, -0.25, 3, -0.25, 1, 0.25, 11, 0.25, -1
};
// left-top
static const mjtNum subD02[] = {
5, 1, -1, // f
9, 1, -1,
10, 1, -1,
6, 1, -1,
5, -1, 9, 1, -1, // f_x
5, -0.5, 13, 0.5, -1,
6, -0.5, 14, 0.5, -1,
6, -1, 10, 1, -1,
4, -0.5, 6, 0.5, -1, // f_y
8, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
9, -1, 10, 1, -1,
5, -1, 6, 1, -1,
8, -0.5, 6, -0.5, 4, 0.5, 10, 0.5, -1, // f_xy
12, -0.25, 6, -0.25, 4, 0.25, 14, 0.25, -1,
13, -0.5, 6, -0.5, 5, 0.5, 14, 0.5, -1,
9, -1, 6, -1, 5, 1, 10, 1, -1
};
// center-top
static const mjtNum subD12[] = {
5, 1, -1, // f
9, 1, -1,
10, 1, -1,
6, 1, -1,
1, -0.5, 9, 0.5, -1, // f_x
5, -0.5, 13, 0.5, -1,
6, -0.5, 14, 0.5, -1,
2, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
4, -0.5, 6, 0.5, -1, // f_y
8, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
9, -1, 10, 1, -1,
5, -1, 6, 1, -1,
8, -0.25, 2, -0.25, 0, 0.25, 10, 0.25, -1, // f_xy
12, -0.25, 6, -0.25, 4, 0.25, 14, 0.25, -1,
13, -0.5, 6, -0.5, 5, 0.5, 14, 0.5, -1,
9, -0.5, 2, -0.5, 1, 0.5, 10, 0.5, -1
};
// right-top
static const mjtNum subD22[] = {
5, 1, -1, // f
9, 1, -1,
10, 1, -1,
6, 1, -1,
1, -0.5, 9, 0.5, -1, // f_x
5, -1, 9, 1, -1,
6, -1, 10, 1, -1,
2, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
4, -0.5, 6, 0.5, -1, // f_y
8, -0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
9, -1, 10, 1, -1,
5, -1, 6, 1, -1,
8, -0.25, 2, -0.25, 0, 0.25, 10, 0.25, -1, // f_xy
8, -0.5, 6, -0.5, 4, 0.5, 10, 0.5, -1,
9, -1, 6, -1, 5, 1, 10, 1, -1,
9, -0.5, 2, -0.5, 1, 0.5, 10, 0.5, -1
};
// add skin to 2D, with subgrid
void mjCComposite::MakeSkin2Subgrid(mjCModel* model, mjtNum inflate) {
// assemble pointers to Dxx matrices
const mjtNum* Dp[3][3] = {
{subD00, subD01, subD02},
{subD10, subD11, subD12},
{subD20, subD21, subD22}
};
// allocate
const int N = (2+skinsubgrid)*(2+skinsubgrid);
mjtNum* XY = (mjtNum*) mju_malloc(N*16*sizeof(mjtNum));
mjtNum* XY_W = (mjtNum*) mju_malloc(N*16*sizeof(mjtNum));
mjtNum* Weight = (mjtNum*) mju_malloc(9*N*16*sizeof(mjtNum));
mjtNum* D = (mjtNum*) mju_malloc(16*16*sizeof(mjtNum));
// XY matrix
const mjtNum step = 1.0/(1+skinsubgrid);
int rxy = 0;
for (int sx=0; sx <= 1+skinsubgrid; sx++) {
for (int sy=0; sy <= 1+skinsubgrid; sy++) {
// compute x, y
mjtNum x = sx*step;
mjtNum y = sy*step;
// make XY-row
XY[16*rxy + 0] = 1;
XY[16*rxy + 1] = y;
XY[16*rxy + 2] = y*y;
XY[16*rxy + 3] = y*y*y;
XY[16*rxy + 4] = x*1;
XY[16*rxy + 5] = x*y;
XY[16*rxy + 6] = x*y*y;
XY[16*rxy + 7] = x*y*y*y;
XY[16*rxy + 8] = x*x*1;
XY[16*rxy + 9] = x*x*y;
XY[16*rxy + 10] = x*x*y*y;
XY[16*rxy + 11] = x*x*y*y*y;
XY[16*rxy + 12] = x*x*x*1;
XY[16*rxy + 13] = x*x*x*y;
XY[16*rxy + 14] = x*x*x*y*y;
XY[16*rxy + 15] = x*x*x*y*y*y;
// advance row
rxy++;
}
}
// XY_W = XY * W
mju_mulMatMat(XY_W, XY, subW, N, 16, 16);
// Weight matrices
for (int dx=0; dx < 3; dx++) {
for (int dy=0; dy < 3; dy++) {
// make dense D
mju_zero(D, 16*16);
int cnt = 0;
int r = 0, c;
while (r < 16) {
// scan row
while ((c = mju_round(Dp[dx][dy][cnt])) != -1) {
D[r*16+c] = Dp[dx][dy][cnt+1];
cnt +=2;
}
// advance
r++;
cnt++;
}
// Weight(d) = XY * W * D(d)
mju_mulMatMat(Weight + (dx*3+dy)*N*16, XY_W, D, N, 16, 16);
}
}
// add skin, set name and material
char txt[100];
mjsSkin* skin = mjs_addSkin(&model->spec);
mju::sprintf_arr(txt, "%sSkin", prefix.c_str());
mjs_setName(skin->element, txt);
mjs_setString(skin->material, skinmaterial.c_str());
mjuu_copyvec(skin->rgba, skinrgba, 4);
skin->inflate = inflate;
skin->group = skingroup;
// populate mesh: two sides
mjtNum S = 0;
int C0 = count[0] + (count[0]-1)*skinsubgrid;
int C1 = count[1] + (count[1]-1)*skinsubgrid;
int NN = C0*C1;
for (int i=0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int ix=0; ix < C0; ix++) {
for (int iy=0; iy < C1; iy++) {
// vertex
vert.push_back(ix*S);
vert.push_back(iy*S);
vert.push_back(0);
// texture coordinate
if (skintexcoord) {
texcoord.push_back(ix/(float)(C0-1));
texcoord.push_back(iy/(float)(C1-1));
}
// face
if (ix < C0-1 && iy < C1-1) {
face.push_back(i*NN + ix*C1+iy);
face.push_back(i*NN + (ix+1)*C1+iy+(i == 1));
face.push_back(i*NN + (ix+1)*C1+iy+(i == 0));
face.push_back(i*NN + ix*C1+iy);
face.push_back(i*NN + (ix+(i == 0))*C1+iy+1);
face.push_back(i*NN + (ix+(i == 1))*C1+iy+1);
}
}
}
}
// add thin triangles: X direction, iy = 0
for (int ix=0; ix < C0-1; ix++) {
face.push_back(ix*C1);
face.push_back(NN + (ix+1)*C1);
face.push_back((ix+1)*C1);
face.push_back(ix*C1);
face.push_back(NN + ix*C1);
face.push_back(NN + (ix+1)*C1);
}
// add thin triangles: X direction, iy = C1-1
for (int ix=0; ix < C0-1; ix++) {
face.push_back(ix*C1 + C1-1);
face.push_back((ix+1)*C1 + C1-1);
face.push_back(NN + (ix+1)*C1 + C1-1);
face.push_back(ix*C1 + C1-1);
face.push_back(NN + (ix+1)*C1 + C1-1);
face.push_back(NN + ix*C1 + C1-1);
}
// add thin triangles: Y direction, ix = 0
for (int iy=0; iy < C1-1; iy++) {
face.push_back(iy);
face.push_back(iy+1);
face.push_back(NN + iy+1);
face.push_back(iy);
face.push_back(NN + iy+1);
face.push_back(NN + iy);
}
// add thin triangles: Y direction, ix = C0-1
for (int iy=0; iy < C1-1; iy++) {
face.push_back(iy + (C0-1)*C1);
face.push_back(NN + iy+1 + (C0-1)*C1);
face.push_back(iy+1 + (C0-1)*C1);
face.push_back(iy + (C0-1)*C1);
face.push_back(NN + iy + (C0-1)*C1);
face.push_back(NN + iy+1 + (C0-1)*C1);
}
MakeCableBonesSubgrid(model, skin);
// bind vertices to bones: one big square at a time
for (int ix=0; ix < count[0]-1; ix++) {
for (int iy=0; iy < count[1]-1; iy++) {
// determine d for Weight indexing
int d = 3 * (ix == 0 ? 0 : (ix == count[0]-2 ? 2 : 1)) +
(iy == 0 ? 0 : (iy == count[1]-2 ? 2 : 1));
// precompute 16 bone indices for big square
int boneid[16];
int cnt = 0;
for (int dx=-1; dx < 3; dx++) {
for (int dy=-1; dy < 3; dy++) {
boneid[cnt++] = (ix+dx)*count[1] + (iy+dy);
}
}
// process subgrid, top-rigth owns last index
for (int dx=0; dx < 1+skinsubgrid+(ix == count[0]-2); dx++) {
for (int dy=0; dy < 1+skinsubgrid+(iy == count[1]-2); dy++) {
// recover vertex id
int vid = (ix*(1+skinsubgrid)+dx)*C1 + iy*(1+skinsubgrid)+dy;
// determine row in Weight
int n = dx*(2+skinsubgrid) + dy;
// add vertex to 16 bones
for (int bi=0; bi < 16; bi++) {
mjtNum w = Weight[d*N*16 + n*16 + bi];
if (w) {
vertid[boneid[bi]].push_back(vid);
vertid[boneid[bi]].push_back(vid+NN);
vertweight[boneid[bi]].push_back((float)w);
vertweight[boneid[bi]].push_back((float)w);
}
}
}
}
}
}
CopyIntoSkin(skin);
// free allocations
mju_free(XY);
mju_free(XY_W);
mju_free(Weight);
mju_free(D);
}
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