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PhiUSIIL_cleaned

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cybersecurity
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metadata 
language:
  - en
license: cc-by-4.0
pretty_name: PhiUSIIL Cleaned
task_categories:
  - tabular-classification
tags:
  - cybersecurity
  - phishing
  - phishing-detection
  - url-classification
  - web-security
  - benchmark
  - tabular
  - ai-ready
  - lookalike-detection
size_categories:
  - 100K<n<1M

PhiUSIIL Cleaned

PhiUSIIL Cleaned is a cleaned and AI-ready version of the original PhiUSIIL Phishing URL Dataset, a UCI Machine Learning Repository benchmark for phishing URL classification based on pre-extracted features derived from both URL structure and HTML page source.

The original PhiUSIIL dataset was introduced by Prasad and Chandra (2024) and is designed to detect visual-similarity phishing attacks (e.g. homograph, punycode, typosquatting, combosquatting) by combining URL-level signals, HTML-derived signals, and a URL Similarity Index. The original collection covers legitimate and phishing URLs gathered between October 2022 and May 2023 from public sources such as Open PageRank Initiative, PhishTank, OpenPhish and MalwareWorld.

Compared with the original source asset, this release standardizes metadata, removes URL-level duplicates, audits constant and non-finite features, and exports a fully labeled dataset in a stable, memory-mapped, ML-ready format. Each sample is represented as a fixed-length numerical vector of 50 features derived from URL structure and HTML page properties, while the original textual columns (FILENAME, URL, Domain, TLD, Title) are preserved separately as metadata for audit and traceability.

Original dataset

This dataset is a cleaned derivative of the original PhiUSIIL dataset:

Files

File Description
phiusiil_clean.npz Index file with row/feature counts and file references
phiusiil_clean_X.npy Feature matrix (float32), NumPy .npy array, shape (235370, 50)
phiusiil_clean_y.npy Label vector (int32), 0 = phishing, 1 = legitimate
phiusiil_clean_metadata.parquet Per-sample metadata including URL-related fields and quality flags
canonical_manifest_final.json Versioned manifest with checksums and artifact references
phiusiil_cleaned_dataset.ipynb Exploration and usage notebook

What’s in the dataset?

This cleaned release contains the fully labeled PhiUSIIL phishing URL detection dataset.

Labeled split

  • 235,370 labeled samples
  • 50 numerical features
  • feature dtype: float32
  • label dtype: int32
  • labels:
    • 0 = phishing
    • 1 = legitimate

Final class distribution:

  • phishing: 100,520 samples
  • legitimate: 134,850 samples

Feature representation

Samples are not raw URLs alone. Each URL is represented as a fixed-length numerical feature vector extracted from URL structure and related web characteristics.

The feature space includes information such as:

  • URL length
  • domain length
  • subdomain statistics
  • HTTPS usage
  • obfuscation indicators
  • special-character ratios
  • entropy-like URL properties
  • TLD-related statistics
  • HTML/page-derived indicators

Examples of retained features include:

  • URLLength
  • DomainLength
  • NoOfSubDomain
  • URLCharProb
  • TLDLength
  • TLDLegitimateProb
  • IsHTTPS
  • HasTitle
  • HasFavicon
  • HasObfuscation

The original dataset also contained textual/identification fields such as:

  • URL
  • Domain
  • TLD
  • Title

These fields are preserved in the metadata parquet file but excluded from the numerical ML feature matrix.

Cleaning summary

This release is the output of a quality-control and standardization pipeline applied to the original PhiUSIIL artifacts.

Main processing steps:

  1. Duplicate removal using normalized URL comparison
  2. Metadata standardization
  3. Feature integrity validation
  4. Missing-value and non-finite auditing
  5. Label normalization
  6. Manifest generation for reproducibility and integrity checks

Summary of the main changes:

  • 425 duplicate samples removed
  • 0 constant features dropped
  • 0 rows removed due to NaN/Inf/non-finite values
  • final dataset shape: 235,370 × 50

No label conflicts were found during duplicate analysis.

File structure 

PhiUSIIL_cleaned/
├── phiusiil_clean.npz
├── phiusiil_clean_X.npy
├── phiusiil_clean_y.npy
├── phiusiil_clean_metadata.parquet
└── canonical_manifest_final.json

The .npz index stores _rows and _features for reliable loading.
The feature matrix is stored as a NumPy .npy array and can be loaded directly with np.load(...).

Requirements

To run the quickstart examples, install the minimum required dependencies:

pip install numpy pandas pyarrow

For notebook-based exploration and basic visualization, you may also install:

pip install jupyter matplotlib seaborn scikit-learn

Quickstart

This example loads the labeled PhiUSIIL Cleaned dataset and checks that features, labels, and metadata are consistent and ready for supervised use.

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
idx = np.load("phiusiil_clean.npz", allow_pickle=True)
n_rows = int(idx["_rows"])
n_features = int(idx["_features"])
 
X = np.load("phiusiil_clean_X.npy")
y = np.load("phiusiil_clean_y.npy")
meta = pd.read_parquet("phiusiil_clean_metadata.parquet")
 
print(
    f"Dataset: {X.shape[0]} samples, {X.shape[1]} features | "
    f"labels: {y.shape[0]} | metadata columns: {meta.shape[1]}"
)
 
assert X.shape == (n_rows, n_features)
assert X.shape[0] == len(y) == len(meta)
assert set(np.unique(y)) == {0, 1}
 
print("Unique labels:", np.unique(y))
print("Metadata columns:", meta.columns.tolist())
print("All checks passed.")

Notebook

The repository also includes an exploration notebook in .ipynb format, designed to provide additional context on the cleaned dataset, its structure, and its main analytical use cases.

The notebook can be used to:

  • inspect the labeled split and its feature/metadata schema
  • explore feature distributions and label balance
  • validate dataset consistency end-to-end
  • review an example lookalike-domain detection workflow with threshold tuning and operational implications

To open it locally, run:

jupyter notebook phiusiil_cleaned_dataset.ipynb

or, if you use JupyterLab:

jupyter lab phiusiil_cleaned_dataset.ipynb

Make sure to open the notebook from the dataset root directory so that relative file paths resolve correctly.

Typical use cases

PhiUSIIL Cleaned supports:

  • binary phishing-URL detection
  • benchmarking of tabular ML pipelines
  • feature importance and ablation analysis on URL- vs HTML-derived signals
  • lookalike-domain detection (homograph, punycode, typosquatting, combosquatting)
  • exploratory data analysis on URL structure and visual-similarity indicators
  • threshold-tuning studies for operational deployment of phishing detectors

The accompanying notebook includes dataset loading, exploratory analysis, and example use cases focused on phishing URL classification and feature evaluation.

Notes and limitations

This is a structured tabular phishing dataset only.
The cleaned release contains engineered numerical URL features rather than raw HTML pages or full web content.
The dataset does not include temporal information and is therefore not intended for temporal phishing analysis.
Results obtained on PhiUSIIL should not be over-generalized to all phishing ecosystems without additional validation.
The dataset is intended for defensive research, benchmarking, and education.

License

This cleaned release is derived from the original PhiUSIIL dataset. The original PhiUSIIL data files are associated with the CC BY 4.0 License. Please verify that your downstream redistribution and reuse remain aligned with the original source dataset.

References

If you use this dataset, please cite the original PhiUSIIL publication:

@article{phiusiil2024, title={PhiUSIIL: A diverse security profile empowered phishing URL detection framework based on similarity index and incremental learning.}, author={Prasad, A., & Chandra, S.}, year={2024}, doi={10.1016/j.cose.2023.103545} }

APA:

Prasad, A., & Chandra, S. (2024). PhiUSIIL: A diverse security profile empowered phishing URL detection framework based on similarity index and incremental learning. Computers & Security, 103545. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2023.103545

Contacts

Shared by: ACN