README.md

---
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: step
    dtype: string
  - name: num_black
    dtype: int64
  - name: num_white
    dtype: int64
  - name: game_id
    dtype: string
  - name: curr_player
    dtype: string
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 30131459110.176
    num_examples: 1247852
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 5614904764.9
    num_examples: 233975
  - name: val
    num_bytes: 1889083268.197
    num_examples: 78141
  download_size: 34783102465
  dataset_size: 37635447143.272995
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
  - split: test
    path: data/test-*
  - split: val
    path: data/val-*
license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- text-generation
- image-classification
- image-to-text
tags:
- game
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
---
# Dataset Card 
## Dataset Description

<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this dataset is. -->

The dataset is derived from real Othello game records collected from [EOTHELLO](https://www.eothello.com/). It combines textual move sequences with corresponding visual board states, enabling joint modeling of language and vision in a structured, rule-based environment.

Each game consists of a sequence of 60 ± 2 moves on average, with one board image generated after every move. This results in a total of approximately 25,000 games and 1.56 million board images.

It provides two synchronized modalities:

- Text modality – move tokens representing board positions (e.g., “C4”, “E6”).
- Visual modality – RGB images depicting the full Othello board state after each move.


## Repository:
[multimodal-othello](https://github.com/shin-ee-chen/multimodal-othello)

## Statistics

| Split      | Number of Games | Number of Images | Avg. Images per Game |
| ---------- | --------------- | ---------------- | -------------------- |
| Training   | 20,525          | 1,247,852        | ~ 60.8               |
| Validation | 1,282           | 78,141           | ~ 60.9               |
| Test       | 3,850           | 233,975          | ~ 60.8               |
| **Total**  | 25,657          | 1,559,968        | ~ 60.8               |

## Intended Usage
The dataset is intended for academic research for training and/or evaluating language models.

## Citation

**Paper:** [What if Othello-Playing Language Models Could See?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14520)

**BibTeX:**
```
@article{chen2025if,
  title={What if Othello-Playing Language Models Could See?},
  author={Chen, Xinyi and Yuan, Yifei and Li, Jiaang and Belongie, Serge and de Rijke, Maarten and S{\o}gaard, Anders},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.14520},
  year={2025}
}
```