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. Example 1.18 analyzes the upward part of the motion of an object thrown upward, whereas Example 1.19 analyzes the same object’s downward motion. Example 1.18 A clown throws a ball upward at 10.00 m/s. Find (a) the maximum height the ball reaches above its launch height (b) the time it takes to do so Given Consider up... |
m above its launch height. (b) It takes the ball 1.02 s to reach maximum height. The next example is a continuation of the previous example: It analyzes the same ball’s motion as it falls back down from its maximum height. Example 1.19 A clown throws a ball upward at 10.00 m/s. Find (a) the time it takes the ball to r... |
s) 10.0 m/s The negative sign means that the direction is downward. Paraphrase (a) It takes the ball 1.02 s to return to the clown’s hand. (b) The final velocity at the height of landing is 10.0 m/s [down]. Concept Check (a) Why does it make sense that the time taken to travel up to the maximum height is equal to the ... |
). Why is the graph of its motion a parabola rather than a straight vertical line? To generate a corresponding velocity-time graph from the positiontime graph in Figure 1.66, draw a series of tangents at specific time instances. Choosing strategic points will make your task easier. The best points to choose are those t... |
75 s to go up and down from its initial release point 1.30 m above the ground. What is its maximum height? 3. A student drops a bran muffin from the roof of the school. From what height is the muffin dropped if it hits the ground 3.838 s later? 13. If a diver starts from rest, determine the amount of time he takes to r... |
of the rocket when its fuel runs out. (c) Explain why the rocket continues to gain height for 20 s after its fuel runs out. (d) Calculate the maximum height of the rocket. 16. A ball is dropped from a height of 60.0 m. A second ball is thrown down 0.850 s later. If both balls reach the ground at the same time, what wa... |
Time (min) 2 4 6 8 10 12 Position vs. Time Time (s) 5 10 15 20 ) ] 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 ) ] 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 4. (1.5) What is a vehicle’s displacement if it travels at a velocity of 30.0 m/s [W] for 15.0 min? 5. (1.5) How long will it take a cross-country skier, travelling 5.0 km/h, to cover a distance of 3.50 ... |
, sees the event and gives chase. If the officer is a good sprinter, going 7.5 m/s, how far will she have to run to catch the thief? Chapter 1 Graphs and equations describe motion in one dimension. 65 01-PearsonPhys20-Chap01 7/23/08 11:43 AM Page 66 Maintaining that acceleration, how long will it take the police car to... |
. Time for an Elk ) ] 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 Time (h) 1.5 2.0 17. The world record for a speedboat is 829 km/h. Heading south, how far will the boat travel in 2.50 min? 18. How much faster is an airliner than a stagecoach if the stagecoach takes 24 h to travel 300 km and the airliner takes 20 min? 19. A ... |
take the bolt to reach the ground, assuming there is no air resistance? McKnight – Westwinds (2010) Whitehorn Rundle Marlborough 38. An improperly installed weathervane falls from the roof of a barn and lands on the ground 1.76 s later. From what height did the weathervane fall and how fast was it travelling just befo... |
up to 13.5 m/s. What is the greatest height from which the performer can fall? 39. Attempting to beat the record for tallest Lego structure, a student drops a piece from a height of 24.91 m. How fast will the piece be travelling when it is 5.0 m above the ground and how long will it take to get there? Extension 40. We... |
dimensional motion vector methods Learning Outcomes When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to: Knowledge explain two-dimensional motion in a horizontal or vertical plane interpret the motion of one object relative to another Science, Technology, and Society explain that scientific knowledge is subject t... |
a small group and record them for later reference. As you complete each section of this chapter, review your answers to these questions. Note any changes to your ideas. Chapter 2 Vector components describe motion in two dimensions. 69 02-PearsonPhys20-Chap02 7/24/08 10:17 AM Page 70 2.1 Vector Methods in One Dimension... |
is important to choose which directions are positive and to include these directions on every vector diagram. As you learned in section 1.1 (Figure 1.6), in this unit, forward, up, right, north, and east are usually designated as positive, whereas their opposites are usually considered negative. You may choose your ow... |
series of knots, move forward 5.0 m, solve a puzzle, and finally move forward 25.0 m to the finish line (Figure 2.6). Determine the resultant vector by adding the vectors graphically. Figure 2.6 Analysis and Solution 1. Choose an appropriate scale and reference direction. 1.0 cm : 5.0 m, forward is positive. 2. Draw t... |
negative of a vector creates a new vector that points in the opposite direction of the original vector (Figure 2.10(b)). For the second method, connect the vectors tail to tail. This time, d starts at the tip of d 1 and ends at the tip of d 2 (Figure 2.10(c)). 1 to d (a) (b) (c) d2 d1 d d2 d1 d2 d d1 Figure 2.10 d (a)... |
I Kinematics Given Consider right to be positive. 15 m [right] 15 m d 35 m [left] 35 m d i f Required displacement (d ) Analysis and Solution (a) To find displacement algebraically, use the equation dd d d f i 35 m (15 m) 35 m 15 m 50 m The sign is negative, so the direction is to the left. (b) To find displacement gr... |
which is 50 km longer than the previous displacement. If the final position of the car is 50 km [N], find the three displacements algebraically. 8. Are vectors A and B equal? Why or why not? y A B x 9. A bouncy ball dropped from a height of 10.0 m bounces back 8.0 m, then drops and rebounds 4.0 m and finally 2.0 m. Fi... |
up at the same spot (Figure 2.15). 4 3 2 1 Figure 2.14 This page is taken from a soccer playbook. How many players are involved in this wall pass-in-succession manoeuvre? 76 Unit I Kinematics 02-PearsonPhys20-Chap02 7/24/08 10:17 AM Page 77 Figure 2.15 The diagonal distance from one corner to the opposite corner of a ... |
of W] E info BIT Sailors can now create their sailing plans with a click of a mouse. Digitized maps and global positioning satellites have been combined to allow sailors to create a plan by using the mouse to place vectors on the desired path on screen. The computer calculates the total distance, identifies directions... |
E] 78 Unit I Kinematics 02-PearsonPhys20-Chap02 7/24/08 10:17 AM Page 79 Concept Check Write the direction [60° S of W] another way using a different starting axis but keeping the angle less than 90°. 2-2 QuickLab 2-2 QuickLab Vector Walk Problem How can you add vectors to determine displacement? Materials 30-m measur... |
in a vector equation indicates that you need to connect the vectors tip to tail. Up to this point, you have added collinear vectors only. In this section, you will learn how to add non-collinear vectors. The plus sign still indicates you need to connect the vectors tip to tail while keeping track of their directions. ... |
Eight Steps for Adding Non-collinear Vectors Graphically To find the resultant vector in a non-collinear vector addition statement using the graphical method, follow these eight steps (see Figure 2.25): 1. Create an appropriate scale. 2. Choose a set of reference coordinates. 3. Draw vector 1 to scale. Measure its dir... |
20 km Paraphrase The camper’s resultant displacement is 1.30 km [67° E of S]. Distance, Displacement, and Position Figure 2.27 shows the distances a bicycle courier travelled in going along the path from A to D, passing through B and C on the way. Use the information in the diagram, a ruler calibrated in mm, and a prot... |
sin hypotenuse opposite In Figure 2.28, the y component is: Ry (10 km/h)(sin 37°) 6.0 km/h θ adjacent Figure 2.29 Labelled sides of a right triangle Example 2.4 shows the steps for finding the velocity components of a car travelling in a northeasterly direction using trigonometry. This example uses the navigator metho... |
Since the east Ry direction lies along the x-axis, use the cosine function, Rx R cos, to find the east component. Ry vy Rx vx R sin (100 km/h)(sin 25°) 42.3 km/h R cos (100 km/h)(cos 25°) 90.6 km/h Paraphrase The north component of the car’s velocity is 42.3 km/h and the east component is 90.6 km/h. Concept Check For ... |
.1° 12.0 9.0 6.0 3.0 12.0 m Ry θ 3.0 Rx 6.0 9.0 m x 9.0 Figure 2.31 Vector components of the movement of a toy across a classroom floor Using the polar coordinates method, the resultant vector direction is [53.1°]. Using the navigator method, the direction is [53.1° N of E]. Using Components 1. Find Rx and Ry for the f... |
d1 30° x C A Figure 2.33(a) on the lacrosse field The path of the ball Figure 2.33(b) as vectors The path of the ball Figure 2.33(b) shows the path of the lacrosse ball as vectors. This problem is different from previous examples because the two vectors are not at right angles to each other. Even with this difference,... |
m 2.23 m dy d2y d1y 6.00 m 3.80 m 9.80 m dx d2x d1x d2y d1y dy Figure 2.35 Add the x and y components separately first to obtain two perpendicular vectors. Step 3: Find the magnitude of the resultant, d To find the magnitude of the resultant, use the Pythagorean theorem (Figure 2.36).. d2 (dx)2 (dy)2 d (dx)2 (dy)2 (2.... |
25.0 m [335°] Required displacement (d ) Analysis and Solution Step 1: Use Rx its x and y components. Designate up and to the right as positive. Work with acute angles (Figure 2.39). R sin to resolve each vector into R cos and Ry y y 220° 40° x 335° 25° x d2y d2 d2x d1y d1 d1x Figure 2.39 88 Unit I Kinematics 02-Pears... |
AM Page 90 In summary, in order to solve a two-dimensional motion problem, you need to split the motion into two one-dimensional problems by using the vectors’ x and y components. Then add the x and y components separately. To find the magnitude of the resultant, use the Pythagorean theorem. To find the angle of the r... |
ion is motion measured with respect to an observer. Concept Check An observer is on a train moving at a velocity of 25 m/s [forward]. A ball rolls at 25 m/s [forward] with respect to the floor of the moving train. What is the velocity of the ball relative to the observer on the train? What is the velocity of the ball r... |
tailwind (a wind that blows from the rear of the plane, in the same direction as the plane’s motion) increases the airplane’s ground velocity (velocity relative to an observer on the ground), hence reducing the time of travel and, therefore, fuel consumption and cost. scale 100 km/h A Canadian regional jet travels wit... |
km/h vwind= 56.3 km/h vground= 791 km/h θ vair= 789 km/h W N S E Figure 2.48 A plane flies in a crosswind. Figure 2.49 A plane that flies in a crosswind needs to adjust its direction of motion. air ground v v In this case, the velocity of the plane is not aligned with the wind’s velocity. The defining equation for thi... |
E vground vwind Figure 2.50 vair PHYSICS INSIGHT To determine the angle, substitute the magnitudes of the relative velocities into the tangent function. To determine the direction, refer to the vector diagram for the problem. 94 Unit I Kinematics 02-PearsonPhys20-Chap02 7/24/08 10:17 AM Page 95 wind 56.3 km/h [N] Give... |
agorean theorem. From Figure 2.51, note that the hypotenuse in this case is the air velocity, v air. (vair)2 (vwind)2 (vground)2 (vground)2 (vair)2 (vwind)2 (789 km/h)2 (56.3 km/h)2 6.1935 105 (km/h)2 787 km/h vground Notice that there is a small change in the magnitude of the ground velocity from the previous example ... |
are not collinear, you need to use graphical or algebraic methods to find the answer. Example 2.7 As a pilot of a small plane, you need to transport three people to an airstrip 350.0 km due west in 2.25 h. If the wind is blowing at 40.0 km/h [65° N of W], what should be the plane’s air velocity in order to reach the a... |
h)(sin 65) 36.25 km/h The ground velocity is directed west, so its x component is 155.6 km/h and its y component is zero. v Since v v v v wind, rearrange this equation to solve for v v air. ground air air ground wind vwindy vwind 65° vwindx Figure 2.55 Use this form of the equation to solve for the components of the ai... |
of N], what is the velocity of the Saskatchewan River? vcurrent W N S E vboat vground 23° vcurrent W N S E vboat= 9.26 km/h vground = 10.1 km/h 23º Figure 2.57(a) Figure 2.57(b) 98 Unit I Kinematics 02-PearsonPhys20-Chap02 7/24/08 10:17 AM Page 99 boat ground 9.26 km/h [N] 10.1 km/h [23 E of N] Given v v (Note that th... |
groundx 3.946 km/h 0 3.946 km/h vboaty vgroundy 9.297 km/h 9.26 km/h 0.037 km/h To find the magnitude of the current’s velocity, use the Pythagorean theorem. vcurrent nty)2 ntx)2 (vcurre (vcurre (3.946 km/h)2 (0.037 km/h)2 3.946 km/h To find the direction of the current’s velocity, use the tangent function (Figure 2.58... |
of the boat’s ground velocity, 23° E of N. From Figure 2.59, d 0.200 km cos 23° 0.2173 km N 0.200 km d 23° Figure 2.59 The boat’s ground velocity is 10.1 km/h [23° E of N]. vground t 10.1 km/h d vground 0.2173 km 10.1 km/h 0.02151 h 60 min 1 h 60 s 1 min 77.4 s Paraphrase It takes the Edmonton Queen 77.4 s to cross th... |
(a) a 32.0-km/h headwind (b) a 32.0-km/h tailwind (c) a 32.0-km/h [W] crosswind 7. The current in a river has a speed of 1.0 m/s. A woman swims 300 m downstream and then back to her starting point without stopping. If she can swim 1.5 m/s in still water, find the time of her round trip. 8. What is the ground velocity ... |
and discover what factors affect the trajectory of a projectile. Figure 2.60 Sports is projectile motion in action. 102 Unit I Kinematics 02-PearsonPhys20-Chap02 7/24/08 10:18 AM Page 103 2-4 QuickLab 2-4 QuickLab Projectiles Problem What factors affect the trajectory of a marble? Materials wooden board (1 m 1 m) hamm... |
24/08 10:18 AM Page 104 2-5 QuickLab 2-5 QuickLab Which Lands First? Problem What is the relationship between horizontal and vertical motion of objects on a ramp? Materials Galileo apparatus (Figure 2.63) steel balls Procedure 1 Set up the Galileo apparatus at the edge of a lab bench. 2 Place a steel ball at the top of... |
2.65 An object launched horizontally experiences uniform horizontal motion and uniformly accelerated vertical motion. In the game, once the penny leaves the tabletop, it becomes a projectile and travels in a parabolic path toward the ground. In section 1.6, you studied motion that was caused by acceleration due to gra... |
a downward vertical velocity. x direction – There is no acceleration in this direction, so ax 0. In this text, ax will always be zero. The projectile undergoes uniform motion in the x direction. – The general equation for the initial x component of the velocity can be determined using trigonometry, e.g., vix vi cos. –... |
speed of 30 cm/s. How far will the coin land from the base of the table if the table’s height is 1.25 m? 2. An arrow is fired horizontally with a speed of 25.0 m/s from the top of a 150.0-m-tall cliff. Assuming no air resistance, determine the distance the arrow will drop in 2.50 s. 3. What is the horizontal speed of ... |
.019 s) 36.3 m Paraphrase The bison would land 36.3 m from the base of the cliff. Figure 2.70 Baseball is all about projectile motion. Objects Launched at an Angle Baseball is a projectile game (Figure 2.70). The pitcher throws a ball at the batter, who hits it to an open area in the field. The outfielder catches the b... |
ball thrown horizontally at 10.0 m/s travels for 3.0 s before it strikes the ground. Find (a) the distance it travels horizontally. (b) the height from which it was thrown. 2. A ball is thrown with a velocity of 20.0 m/s [30] and travels for 3.0 s before it strikes the ground. Find (a) the distance it travels horizont... |
.121 s The total time the baseball is in the air is 2 1.121 s 2.24 s. info BIT The longest speedboat jump was 36.5 m in the 1973 James Bond movie Live and Let Die. The boat practically flew over a road. 110 Unit I Kinematics dy viy 1 t ay(t)2 2 0 (11.00 m/s)t (9.81 m/s2)(t)2 1 2 Isolate t and solve. (4.905 m/s2)(t)2 (1... |
.81 2 m s2 (3.00 s) 14.7 m/s Since down is positive, the negative sign means that the direction of the vertical component of initial velocity is up. x direction: Find the initial horizontal speed using the tangent function. Because there is no acceleration in the x direction, the ball’s horizontal speed remains the sam... |
acceleration due to gravity or 9.81 m/s2 [down]. – A projectile’s path is a parabola. – In the vertical direction, a projectile’s velocity is greatest at the instant of launch and just before impact, whereas at maximum height, vertical velocity is zero. 2.4 Check and Reflect 2.4 Check and Reflect Knowledge 1. Platform... |
s at an angle of 55.0 above the horizontal from the top of a cliff 50.0 m high. Find (a) the time taken to reach maximum height (b) the maximum height with respect to the ground next to the cliff (c) the total time in the air (d) the range (e) the components of the final velocity just before the projectile hits the gro... |
__________. R x2 y2 √ The answer is called the ___________. It has both magnitude and _________. Chapter 2 Vector components describe motion in two dimensions. 113 02-PearsonPhys20-Chap02 7/24/08 10:18 AM Page 114 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW Knowledge 1. (2.2) During the Terry Fox Run, a participant 8. (2.4) For an object thrown... |
1 knot 1.853 km/h), makes the trip between Edmonton and Grande Prairie in 50 min. What distance does the plane travel during this time? 10. A golf ball is hit with an initial velocity of 30.0 m/s [55]. What are the ball’s range and maximum height? 11. Off the tee box, a professional golfer can drive a ball with a veloc... |
be in flight if it is shot at an angle of 25 and hits a target 50.0 m away, at the same elevation? 19. A pilot of a small plane wishes to fly west. The plane has an airspeed of 100 km/h. If there is a 30-km/h wind blowing north, find 27. An airplane is approaching a runway for landing. The plane’s air velocity is 645 ... |
the next blue line is 16.46 m to the right of the first blue line, the goal line is 18.29 m right, and the right board is 3.96 m right of the goal line. How long is a standard NHL hockey rink? 23. A plane with a ground speed of 151 km/h is moving 11 south of east. There is a wind blowing at 40 km/h, 45 south of east. ... |
a reaction time of 0.75 s. The braking time is the time it takes the vehicle to come to a full stop once the brakes are applied. Braking time depends on the vehicle’s initial speed and negative acceleration. The MIT’s predicted braking times are based on the assumption that vehicles travel at the posted speed limit an... |
Research the effectiveness of red light cameras in reducing accidents, speeding, and red light violations. Using your research, recommend a course of action to increase vehicle-rail safety at light-controlled railway crossings. 2. Based on your surveys and investigation, recommend whether existing amber light times sh... |
Examples 1.2, 1.3, 1-3 Inquiry Lab Figure 1.24 Figures 1.24, 1.30, Example 1.5 Figures 1.28–1.31, Example 1.5 Instantaneous velocity The slope of the tangent on a position-time curve gives instantaneous velocity. Figure 1.29, Example 1.5 Area under and slope of a velocity-time graph Average velocity Velocity-time grap... |
Motion The shape of a projectile’s trajectory is a parabola. Horizontal and vertical components of projectile motion are independent. To solve projectile problems in two dimensions, resolve them into their horizontal and vertical components. Then use the kinematics equations. The time taken to travel horizontally equa... |
.0 m [90°] (b) 16.0 m/s [20 S of W] 4. Using an appropriate scale and reference coordinates, draw the following vectors: (a) 5.0 m/s [0] (b) 25.0 m/s2 [60 N of E] (c) 1.50 km [120] 118 Unit I Kinematics 02-PearsonPhys20-Chap02 7/24/08 10:18 AM Page 119 11. From the position-time graph below, determine 16. (a) What is t... |
85.0 m from the ball when it is hit, how fast will she have to run to catch the ball before it hits the ground? 20. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of a Jeep Grand Cherokee if its stopping distance is 51.51 m when travelling at 113 km/h. 21. What is the velocity of an aircraft with respect to the ground if... |
30. From the graph below, determine the instantaneous (b) velocity of the object at 5.0 s, 10.0 s, and 15.0 s. Position vs. Time 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0. 33. Determine the displacement of the blue jay from the velocity-time graph below. Velocity vs. Time for a Blue Jay ) ] 32.0 28.0 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.... |
displacement from its initial position. 02-PearsonPhys20-Chap02 7/24/08 10:18 AM Page 121 39. Match the motion with the correct position-time graph given below. Identify the motion as at rest, uniform motion, or uniformly accelerated motion. (a) an airplane taking off (b) an airplane landing (c) passing a car on the h... |
gun, probeware, and motion sensors. Explain to a classmate how you would decide which instrument to use. 48. Design an experiment to determine the acceleration of an object rolling down an inclined plane. 49. Construct a concept map for solving a twodimensional motion problem involving a projectile thrown at an angle.... |
.2 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation 4.3 Relating Gravitational Field Strength to Gravitational Force Unit Themes and Emphases • Change and Systems • Social and Environmental Contexts • Problem-Solving Skills Focussing Questions In this study of dynamics and gravitation, you will investigate different types of forc... |
’s body with it. But each person’s head stays in the same place until yanked forward by the neck. It is this sudden yank that causes whiplash. Adjustable headrests are designed to prevent whiplash by supporting the head of each motorist. In this chapter, you will investigate how forces affect motion and how to explain ... |
scale to the cart in steps 2 to 4, you gave the cart a push of the same magnitude each time. (a) Which cart would you expect to travel the farthest distance? (b) Which cart would you expect to slow down sooner? 6 Repeat step 4 but this time pull with a force of 3 N. (c) What force do you think makes the cart 7 Repeat ... |
can predict or explain the motion of an object, it is important to first understand what a force is and how to measure and calculate the sum of all forces acting on an object. Figure 3.3 The design of tall buildings involves understanding forces. Towering buildings are susceptible to movement from the wind. 126 Unit I... |
° x (b) y II III 330° 10 N I x IV Figure 3.5 Two vectors of the same magnitude but with different directions. (a) 10 N [30] (b) 10 N [330] Chapter 3 Forces can change velocity. 127 03-Phys20-Chap03.qxd 7/24/08 10:37 AM Page 128 Measuring Force One way you could measure forces involves using a calibrated spring scale. T... |
10:37 AM Page 129 Representing Forces Using Free-Body Diagrams A free-body diagram is a powerful tool that can be used to analyze situations involving forces. This diagram is a sketch that shows the object by itself, isolated from all others with which it may be interacting. Only the force vectors exerted on the objec... |
3.9 (a) shows a book at rest on a level table. The normal force exerted by the table on the book is represented by the vector directed upward. If the table top were slanted and smooth as in Figure 3.9 (b), the normal force acting on the book would not be directed vertically upward. Instead, it would be slanted, but al... |
With the engine engaged, the force of friction exerted by the road on the tires is 7200 N [forward]. Draw a free-body diagram for this situation. Answers 1. and 2. See page 898. Using Free-Body Diagrams to Find Net Force Free-body diagrams are very useful when you need to calculate the net force, F net, on an object. ... |
canoe is 85.0 N [backward]. Starting with a free-body diagram, calculate the net force on the canoe. forward backward Practice Problems 1. Two dogs, A and B, are pulling a sled across a horizontal, snowy surface. Dog A exerts a force of 200 N [forward] and dog B a force of 150 N [forward]. The force of friction exerte... |
it are neither parallel nor perpendicular. By observing the relationship between the components of the force vectors, you can greatly simplify the calculations. Example 3.3 Refer to Example 3.2 on page 132. Person A thinks that if A and B each pull a rope forming an angle of 20.0° with the bow, the net force on the ca... |
) 85.0 N (60.0 N)(sin 20.0) (60.0 N)(sin 20.0) 0 From the chart, FT1y F nety Fnety F T1y FT1y So y FT2y. F T2y FT2y 0 N FT1 20.0° Fnet 20.0° FT2 Ff x Figure 3.17 Figure 3.17 Add the x components of all force vectors in the vector addition diagram (Figure 3.17). netx Fnetx F f Ff F T2x FT2x x direction F F T1x FT1x (60.... |
at equilibrium, the net force in both the x and y directions is zero. Fnetx Fnety 0 N Add the x and y components of all force vectors separately. x direction F netx Fnetx F T1x FT1x F T2x FT2x 0 FT1 cos 55.0 F T2 FT2 FT1 cos 55.0 y direction F F T1y FT1y nety Fnety F g Fg 0 FT1 sin 55.0 ( Fg) 0 FT1 Fg sin 55.0 FT1 Fg ... |
a) Explain what a force is, and state the SI unit of force. (b) Why is force a dynamics quantity and not a kinematics quantity? Applications 2. Sketch a free-body diagram for (a) a bicycle moving west on a level road with decreasing speed (b) a ball experiencing forces of 45 N [12.0], 60 N [100], and 80 N [280] simulta... |
just before a jump (b) at the maximum jump height 9. Construct a flowchart to summarize how to add two or more non-collinear forces using components. Refer to Figure 3.8 on page 129 or Student References 4: Using Graphic Organizers on page 869. e TEST To check your understanding of forces, follow the eTest links at ww... |
But it took thousands of years before satisfactory explanations were developed that accounted for actual observations. A major stumbling block was not identifying friction as a force that exists in the real world. In his study of motion, Galileo realized that every object has inertia, a property that resists accelerat... |
If F net 0, then v 0. So if you want to change the motion of an object, a non-zero net (b) Fnet 0 force must act on the object. Concept Check The Voyager 1 and 2 space probes are in interstellar space. If the speed of Voyager 1 is 17 km/s and no external force acts on the probe, describe the motion of the probe (Figur... |
) Inertia of motorist makes her feel like she is being thrown forward. direction of acceleration of vehicle (b) Inertia of motorist makes her feel like she wants to continue moving in a straight line. direction of acceleration of vehicle Figure 3.26 The inertia of a motorist resists changes in the motion of a vehicle. ... |
bag occurs in about 40 ms. It is in that instant that arms and legs have been broken and children have been killed by the impact of a rapidly inflating airbag. Tragically, some of these deaths occurred during minor car accidents. Manufacturers have placed on/off switches for airbags on some vehicles, and some engineers... |
describe the motion of (a) a car that attempts to go around an icy curve too quickly, and (b) a lacrosse ball after leaving the lacrosse stick. 4. Apply Newton’s first law and the concept of inertia to each of these situations. team of 10-year-olds. At a hockey practice, you ask the players to skate across the ice alo... |
mobile stops? Assume that the air resistance acting on the ball is negligible. x y vs vby vbx Applications 5. Design an experiment using an air puck on an air table or spark air table to verify Newton’s first law. Report your findings. Caution: A shock from a spark air table can be dangerous. 142 Unit II Dynamics 03-Ph... |
How is the acceleration of an object related to the net force acting on the object? Hypothesis State a hypothesis relating acceleration and net force. Remember to write an “if/then” statement. Variables The variables involved in this lab are the mass of the system, the applied force acting on the system, friction acti... |
4 and 5 using the same cart but this time transfer another 100-g mass from the cart to the two hanging masses. Label the tape “trial 3; magnitude of F app = 3 N.” 03-Phys20-Chap03.qxd 7/24/08 10:37 AM Page 145 Analysis 1. Calculate the mass of the system, mT. Record the value in Table 3.2. 2. Using the tape labelled “... |
200 0.100 0 0.100 0.200 0.300 Table 3.3 Force and Acceleration Total Mass mc ml (kg) mh Time Interval t (s) Distance d (m) Magnitude of a (m/s2) Trial 1 2 3 Magnitude of F app Acting Magnitude of F net Acting on System (N) on System (N) 1 2 3 Magnitude of a of System (m/s2) Chapter 3 Forces can change velocity. 145 03-... |
Page 147 3-6 Design a Lab 3-6 Design a Lab Relating Acceleration and Mass In this lab, you will investigate the relationship between acceleration and mass when the net force acting on the system is constant. The Question How is the acceleration of an object related to the mass of the object? e LAB For a probeware acti... |
/08 10:37 AM Page 148 Newton’s Second Law and Inertial Mass 1 can be combined The proportionality statements a Fnet and a m F F net where k is the proportionality net or a k into one statement, a m m constant. Since 1 N is defined as the net force required to accelerate a 1-kg object at 1 m/s2, k is equal to 1. So F ne... |
eMath links at www.pearsoned.ca/school/ physicssource to download sample data. inertial mass: mass measurement based on the ratio of a known net force on an object to the acceleration of the object 148 Unit II Dynamics 03-Phys20-Chap03.qxd 7/24/08 10:37 AM Page 149 Applying Newton’s Second Law to Horizontal Motion Exa... |
150 Example 3.6 Two athletes on a team, A and B, are practising to compete in a canoe race (Figure 3.37). Athlete A has a mass of 70 kg, B a mass of 75 kg, and the canoe a mass of 20 kg. Athlete A can exert an average force of 400 N [forward] and B an average force of 420 N [forward] on the canoe using the paddles. Du... |
g vertical direction FF F N 0 netv Fnetv Calculations in the vertical direction are not required in this problem. Apply Newton’s second law to the horizontal direction. Fneth a mTa Fnet h mT 4 N 0 4 5 g k 6 1 440 kg m 2 s 165 kg 2.7 m/s2 a 2.7 m/s2 [forward] Paraphrase The canoe will have an initial acceleration of 2.... |
second law. ma F F T g ma FT Fg mg ma FT 9.81 m/s2.50 103 kg m 2 s 6.00 102 kg 1.02 m/s2 a 1.02 m/s2 [up] FT Fg Fnet 9.81 m/s2 Figure 3.41 (b) e WEB Air resistance is the frictional force that acts on all objects falling under the influence of gravity. Research how this force affects the maximum speed that an object r... |
.9 kg Paraphrase The mass of the skydiver is 64.9 kg. Practice Problems 1. A 55-kg female bungee jumper fastens one end of the cord (made of elastic material) to her ankle and the other end to a bridge. Then she jumps off the bridge. As the cord is stretching, it exerts an elastic force directed up on her. Calculate he... |
. (a) Calculate the tension in the rope connecting the two blocks. (b) Calculate the tension in the rope between the hand and the 10-kg block. Answers 1. 2.2 m/s2 [up] 2. (a) 37 N (b) 55 N Chapter 3 Forces can change velocity. 153 03-Phys20-Chap03.qxd 7/24/08 10:37 AM Page 154 Draw a free-body diagram for this single o... |
objects, A and B, are connected by a light rope over a light, frictionless pulley (Figure 3.46). A has a mass of 25 kg and B a mass of 35 kg. Determine the motion of each object once the objects are released. Given mA 25 kg g 9.81 m/s2 [down] mB 35 kg Required acceleration of each object (a A and a B) 25 kg 35 kg Figu... |
below. State the direction of motion for each object. Express your answer in terms of g. (a) mA (b) mA (c) mA mB 1 3 2mB mB 2. Use the result of Example 3.10 and a free-body diagram to calculate the tension in the rope. 3. Draw a free-body diagram for each object in Example 3.10. Answers 1 g, mA moves up, mB moves dow... |
FB mT FC 156 Unit II Dynamics 03-Phys20-Chap03.qxd 7/24/08 10:37 AM Page 157 F C is equal to B is equal to the gravitational force acting on mB, and F the gravitational force acting on mC. left right FB FC Fnet Figure 3.50 C Fnet Apply Newton’s second law to find the net force acting on mT (Figure 3.50). F F F B net F... |
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