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Intrauterine transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) can occur whether a mother has prior immunity or acquires CMV for the first time during pregnancy. The degree of protection afforded an infected infant by the presence of antibody in the mother before conception is uncertain. | US |
We report the clinical and pathologic features of a patient with peripheral neuropathy that was the first clinical expression of cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES). Biopsy of skeletal muscle and peripheral nerve revealed cholesterol clefts in lumens of small arteries, necrotizing arteritis, and severe degeneration of pe... | US |
We performed linkage analysis in a pedigree segregating an allele for autosomal dominant, painful myotonia that is potassium sensitive and responsive to acetazolamide. This allele was tightly linked to a skeletal-muscle, sodium channel locus which is now a candidate for the site of the mutational defect in acetazolamid... | US |
Enzymes suspended in organic solvents represent a versatile system for studying the involvement of water in enzyme structure and function. Addition of less than 1% (vol/vol) water to tetrahydrofuran containing 1 M 1-propanol leads to a substantial increase in the transesterification activity of subtilisin Carlsberg (fr... | US |
DNA primase-dependent synthesis of oligoribonucleotides 10-15 nucleotides long was observed in the presence of ATP, UTP, GTP, and CTP by using the purified components of the simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication system. The DNA primase-catalyzed reaction required the SV40 large tumor antigen (T antigen), DNA polymeras... | US |
In an attempt to produce better cytotoxic analogues, chemotherapeutic antineoplastic radicals including an alkylating nitrogen mustard derivative of D-phenylalanine (D-melphalan), reactive cyclopropane, anthraquinone derivatives [2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone and the anticancer antibiotic doxorubicin], and an antimeta... | US |
Retroviruses and herpesviruses are naturally occurring pathogens of humans and animals. Coinfection of the same host with both these viruses is common. We report here that a retrovirus can integrate directly into a herpesvirus genome. Specifically, we demonstrate insertion of a nonacute retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosi... | US |
We have analyzed a host- and temperature-dependent mutant of Rous sarcoma virus in order to learn more about the nature of mutations which lead to a host range phenotype. We have cloned and sequenced the v-src genes from this mutant, tsLA33-1, and from its presumed parent, tsLA33. Both the tsLA33 and the tsLA33-1 pp60v... | US |
The long terminal repeat (LTR) of a retrovirus contains sequence elements that constitute a promoter for controlling viral gene expression in infected cells. We have examined regulation of LTR-directed gene expression in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a T-lymphocytopathic lentivirus associated with a fatal AIDS-l... | US |
Following intracerebral inoculation of adult Balb/c Byj mice, the MHV-4 strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) had an LD50 of less than 0.1 PFU, whereas its monoclonal antibody resistant variant V5A13.1 had an LD50 of 10(4.2) PFU. To determine the basis for this difference in neurovirulence we have studied the acute cen... | US |
Phenotypically distinct human B cell lines display two transcriptionally distinct forms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency. Latency I (Lat I) in group I Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines is characterized by selective expression of the virus-coded nuclear antigen EBNA 1 from a uniquely spliced mRNA driven by the Fp pr... | United Kingdom |
When pseudorabies virus (PrV) strains are grown in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), variants ("translocation" mutants) arise in which there is a duplication of the leftmost sequences of the genome and their translocation in inverted orientation next to the internal inverted repeat bracketing the S component. In these ... | US |
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutant viruses lacking functional viral thymidine kinase activity are reported to be incapable of replication in neurons. To investigate the role of viral thymidine kinase (TK) activity in the HSV-1 infection of the neuron, we studied a thymidine kinase-negative (TK-) mutant virus en... | US |
Multiply deprotonated polypeptide and protein molecules, (M - nH)n-, produced from pH approximately 11 aqueous solutions, are analyzed by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Aqueous ammonium hydroxide solutions of the analyte are shown to be preferable to sodium hydroxide solutions for negative-ion ESI ... | US |
Airway inflammation is a principal determinant of airway responsiveness and function in asthma and allergic diseases. Alveolar macrophages (AM) may contribute to inflammation in multiple ways, including release of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide (SO) anion. We hypothesized that SO production by AM increases ... | US |
We demonstrated previously that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections could enhance the expression of cellular topoisomerase II and this enzyme activity is essential for CMV to replicate in vitro (Benson and Huang, 1988; Benson and Huang, 1990). In this study, we further show that in addition to m-AMSA and VM26 which ... | US |
The structure-activity relationship between (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)- and 5-vinyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (BV-araU and V-araU) in inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was evaluated. Both V-araU and BV-araU effectively inhibited EBV replication in virus-producer P3HR-1(LS) cells, as determined by DNA-DNA hybridiza... | US |
A surgically implantable device for sustained intravitreal release of ganciclovir has been developed. The device delivers ganciclovir intraocularly over approximately 4 to 5 months. Eight patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and associated cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis were recruited as part of a p... | US |
Exposure of cultured rat hepatocytes to a high concentration of insulin (78 nM) for 24 h in the presence of extracellular oleate (0.75 mM) resulted in a decrease in the secretion of apoprotein B (apoB) and triacylglycerol associated with very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). However, continuous exposure of the cells to ... | US |
We investigated the binding properties of the type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor expressed in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts transfected with a human type I receptor cDNA. Cell surface receptors bound IGF-I with KD = 1 nM as predicted. Although recent studies have suggested that IGF-I and IGF-II bind to type I recep... | US |
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), a product of G-protein-mediated receptor activation of phosphoinositide turnover, plays the role of a second messenger when olfactory neurons are stimulated with certain olfactory stimuli. In this paper we examine the specific binding of [3H]InsP3 to isolated olfactory cilia, micro... | US |
Endothelin-3 (ET-3) stimulated phosphoinositide metabolism and synthesis of prostaglandins in cultured rat Kupffer cells. ET-3-induced hydrolysis of phosphoinositides was characterized by the production of various inositol phosphates and of glycerophosphoinositol. The mechanism of ET-3-stimulated metabolism of phosphoi... | US |
Murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) develops when C57B1/6 mice are inoculated with LP-BM5 murine leukemia viruses. Disease progression in these animals is characterized by lymphadenopathy, polyclonal B-cell activation, severe immunodeficiency, and death. Mice with MAIDS have been used to examine the effic... | US |
In order to study SIV replication over a single round of replication virus particles were generated that contain a replication-defective vector containing a selectable marker. Genetic complementation between an env-deficient SIV variant and plasmid that expresses the env gene of an amphotropic murine retrovirus resulte... | US |
The kinetics of amide proton exchange (1H----2H) have been measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for a set of helical peptides with the generic formula Ac-(AAKAA)m Y-NH2 and with chain lengths varying from 6 to 51 residues. The integrated intensity of the amide resonances has been measured as a fun... | US |
This work broadens the scope and improves the time resolution of spin-probe oximetry, a technique in which small nitroxide spin probes detect oxygen consumption via change in their relaxation properties [Froncisz, W., Lai, C.-S., & Hyde, J. S. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 411-415]. For rapid oxygen kinetic ... | US |
Imino proton exchange studies are reported on the complexes formed by bisintercalation of luzopeptin around the two central A.T pairs of the d(CCCATGGG) and d(AGCATGCT) duplexes and of echinomycin around the two central C.G pairs of the d(AAACGTTT) and d(CCAAACGTTTGG) duplexes. The depsipeptide backbone of the drugs oc... | US |
Methanol dehydrogenase activity, when assayed with phenazine ethosulfate (PES) as an electron acceptor, was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and by Mn2+ only under aerobic conditions. Catalase, formate, and other divalent cations did not inhibit the enzyme. The enzyme also exhibited significantly higher levels o... | US |
We have cleaved the chromatin of embryonic and adult chicken erythroid cells using a novel nuclease that is capable of resolving clearly the nucleosomes of active chromatin. We found that in active chromatin, nucleosomes are spaced up to 40 base pairs closer together than in inactive chromatin. This was true for both "... | US |
Affinities of the catalytic subunit (C1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cAMP-dependent protein kinase and of mammalian cGMP-dependent protein kinase were determined for the protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) peptide PKI(6-22)amide and seven analogues. These analogues contained structural alterations in the N-terminal alpha-he... | US |
Modulators are proposed to be novel ether aminophosphoglycerides that stabilize unoccupied and occupied glucocorticoid receptor steroid binding and inhibit glucocorticoid receptor complex activation. Two isoforms, modulator 1 and modulator 2, have been purified from rat liver cytosol [Bodine, P.V., & Litwack, G. (1990)... | US |
The blood coagulation factor IX(a) binds specifically to a site on endothelial cells with a Kd of 2.0-3.0 nM. A number of previous studies have attempted to define the region(s) of factor IX(a) that mediate this interaction. These studies suggested that there are two regions of factor IX(a), the gamma-carboxyglutamic a... | US |
Annexin V is a protein of unknown biological function that undergoes Ca(2+)-dependent binding to phospholipids located on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. Preliminary results presented herein suggest that a biological function of annexin V is the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC). In vitro assays showed th... | US |
We have used a murine proximal tubule cell line (MCT cells) to determine the presence and binding characteristics of insulin and IGF1 receptors and to correlate these parameters with the concentration-response relationships for ligand-induced cellular proliferation. Separate insulin and IGF1 receptors were identified b... | US |
Influenza A virus (IAV) activates the human neutrophil, but induces a dysfunctional state as well. Cell activation may contribute to the containment of the virus and/or cause local tissue damage. Certain features of the neutrophil activation response elicited by IAV are distinctive when compared with that triggered by ... | US |
An important source of endogenous oxygen radicals are phagocytic cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. The human leukemia cell line HL-60 can be induced to differentiate into a neutrophil-like cell population. Among the properties of these differentiated cells is the ability to produce reactive oxygen species when... | US |
Viral transformation models may be useful for detecting and mapping human tumor suppressor genes. BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus, readily transforms rodent cells but is unable to transform human cells, suggesting that oncosuppressive functions expressed in human cells control BKV oncogenic activity. We have transf... | US |
We report the primary sequence analyses of two loci, hel and ccl, whose gene products are required specifically for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes in the Gram-negative photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. Genetic and molecular analyses show that the hel locus contains at least four genes, helA, helB, ... | US |
Previous work showed that human TFIID fails to support yeast cell growth, although it is nearly identical to yeast TFIID in a carboxy-terminal region of the molecule that suffices for basal, TATA-element-dependent transcription in vitro. These and other findings raised the possibility that TFIID participates in species... | US |
L-Proline's glycogenic action is unlike that of other amino acids in that it produces effects beyond those explainable by a simple increase in osmolarity (Baquet, A., Hue, L., Meijer, A. J., van Woerkom, G. M., and Plomp, P. J. A. M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 955-959). We postulate that this effect may relate to inhib... | US |
To determine the relationship between cellular uptake of cadmium and content of metallothionein, we measured uptake of 109Cd in cells that differed in content of metallothionein (MT). MT cells were derived from NIH/3T3 cells by transfection with a plasmid containing the genome of bovine papilloma virus and the mouse me... | US |
A rabbit reticulocyte lysate system that has been used to reconstitute functional complexes between steroid receptors and the 90-kDa heat shock protein (hsp90) has been used here to form complexes between the pp60src tyrosine kinase and hsp90. Reticulocyte lysate forms complexes between hsp90 and a temperature-sensitiv... | US |
Receptor binding studies were performed with 125I-labeled trypsin-activated insecticidal toxins, CryIA(a) and CryIA(c), from Bacillus thuringiensis on brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) prepared from Bombyx mori larval midgut. Bioassays were performed by gently force feeding B. mori with diluted toxins. CryIA(a) tox... | US |
Sphingosine kinase was partially purified and characterized from rat brain microsomes. A new assay, utilizing octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and sphingosine mixed micelles, was developed to quantitate formation of the sphingosine-1-phosphate product. The assay was proportional with respect to time and protein, displayed ... | US |
The v-sis oncogene product p28v-sis and the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B chain share 92% homology with each other and over 50% homology with the PDGF A chain. Exogenously added homodimers of PDGF A and PDGF B and of p28v-sis are potent mitogens but only PDGF B and p28v-sis induce transformation when endogeno... | US |
The molecular weight of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor in rat lung and its interaction with the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gs) were assessed by covalent cross-linking, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunological techniques. Studies with two cross-l... | US |
Insulin increases phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-kinase) activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human insulin receptor (Ruderman, N. B., Kapeller, R., White, M. F., and Cantley, L. C. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 1411-1415). The subcellular distribution of PI-3-kinase has not been inv... | US |
How heparin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration has not been established. We have investigated the hypothesis that heparin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by interfering with the expression and activity of proteases such as plasminogen activators. In an in v... | US |
The chick kidney mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase was partially purified by sequential polyethylene glycol precipitation, aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The specific activity of the final preparation, when reconstituted with NADPH, adrenodoxin, and adr... | US |
To examine the role of protein kinase C as a chronic regulator of proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity, the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na/H antiporter was studied in cultured proximal tubule cells. Short-term activation of protein kinase C by 5 min exposure to PMA caused an acute increas... | US |
The formation of oxygen radicals by phagocytic cells occurs through the activation of a multiple-component NADPH oxidase system. An unidentified low molecular weight GTP-binding protein has been proposed to modulate the activity of the NADPH oxidase. The low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins undergo posttranslation... | US |
cAMP regulation of the human thyrotropin-beta (TSH beta) gene cAMP was studied in two heterologous cell lines, a human embryonal kidney cell line (293) and a rat pituitary cell line (GH3). In 293 cells, human TSH beta gene expression was not stimulated by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin or the cAMP analogue 8... | US |
Platelet activation by thrombin plays a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Based on structure-activity studies of a cloned platelet thrombin receptor, we designed two "mirror image" antagonists of thrombin and thrombin receptor function. First, "uncleavable" peptides mimicking the receptor domain postulated to... | US |
Recombinant human growth hormone (HuGH) and human prolactin (HuPRL), but not GH of bovine or porcine origin, prime human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) secretion. Since HuGH, but not GH of other species, effectively binds to the HuPRL receptor (HuPRL-R), we used a group of HuGH variants created by site... | US |
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a potential cofactor in HIV-1 infection. To investigate the mechanism whereby HCMV promotes HIV-1 replication, a PBMC coculture assay which measures HIV-1 p24 antigen release was used as an index of viral replication. HCMV-stimulated PBMC were capable of inducing HIV-1 replication in coc... | US |
Twenty-three fruits, 33 vegetables, 41 grain products, 7 legumes, 4 nuts, and 9 miscellaneous foods were analyzed by an accurate chemical method to determine their dietary fiber content and composition. The mean (+/- standard deviation) dietary fiber content of fruits was 1.4 +/- 0.7 g/100 g (fresh weight); of vegetabl... | US |
We investigated cellular responses in a rabbit to i.v. administration of five established chemotactic factors (leukotriene B4 (LTB4), platelet-activating factor (PAF), C5a, N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (F-MLF), and IL-8), and each exerted a characteristic effect on circulating white blood cell levels. All five factors induced ... | US |
During fetal life, both Ig and TCR-gamma delta repertoires are enriched for a specific set of Ag receptors with limited diversity. In order to test the hypothesis that diversification of the human TCR-beta repertoire also follows a developmental program, we examined TCR-beta DJ and VDJ transcripts from fetal and adult ... | US |
The role of TCR-gamma delta T lymphocytes in immune responses is currently not well understood. TCR-gamma delta cells have a limited repertoire suggesting that TCR-gamma delta T a limited number of evolutionarily conserved Ag such as nonpolymorphic MHC and heat shock proteins. TCR-gamma delta T lymphocytes appear in en... | US |
The role of the alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase (GS alpha) in the down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors by pindolol was studied in S49 cyc- cells (normally GS alpha-deficient) transfected to express functional recombinant rat GS alpha. An induci... | US |
Forebrain ischemia in gerbils, produced by brief bilateral carotid occlusion, induced the dramatic loss of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II) as determined by both kinase activity assays and western blot analysis. In cortex and hippocampus, cytosolic CaM-kinase II was completely lost within 2-5... | US |
Biochemical properties of neuronal protein phosphatases from Aplysia californica were characterized. Dephosphorylation of phosphorylase alpha by extracts of abdominal ganglia and clusters of sensory neurons from pleural ganglia was demonstrated. Type-1 protein phosphatase (PrP-1) was identified in these extracts by the... | US |
Better markers are needed to monitor the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We investigated the effects of zidovudine (ZDV) and dideoxycytidine (ddC) on the presence of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AIDS patients. DNA... | US |
Swine were used as an experimental animal model to evaluate immunomodulating effects of the opiate drug, morphine, on antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Morphine free base in peanut oil was administered at 4-day intervals for up to 42 days to maintain drug levels at or above 100 ng/ml. The eff... | US |
NG-Monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA) inhibits endothelium-dependent relaxation. It is widely accepted that this effect is due to the inhibition of L-arginine metabolism. Here we show that L-NMMA antagonizes the vasodilator effects of compounds other than L-arginine. In the endothelium intact rat aorta preparation, L-NMMA ... | US |
The preparation of novel heterocyclic base modified adenosine analogues, the 4-aminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazine nucleosides, is described. Crucial to their successful preparation was the use of the pyrrole glycoside intermediates 3-cyano-2-formyl-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrole (11) and 3-cyano-2-formyl... | US |
The behavior of the major vegetative cell RNA polymerase of Bacillus subtilis, E sigma A, during initiation of transcription was compared to that of its Escherichia coli counterpart, E sigma 70, at several promoters known to be actively transcribed by both RNA polymerases. Challenge experiments using heparin, restricti... | US |
The National Cancer Institute has instituted a primary screening system for testing new agents against cultured cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a nude rat orthotopic (organ-specific) human lung cancer model system as an in vivo secondary screen for general evaluati... | US |
We have identified the phosphorylation sites in monkey p53 as well as specific changes in the phosphorylation state of free and complexed forms of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (T) and monkey p53 isolate from SV40 lytically infected CV1 cells. Phosphopeptide analyses of free T and p53 (To and p53o) and complex... | US |
Binding of the retinoblastoma gene product (pRB) by viral oncoproteins, including the E7 of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16), is thought to be important in transformation of cells. One of the steps in transformation is the immortalization process. Here we show that mutations in E7 within the full-length genome whi... | US |
Recently, we described a retrovirus vector system with which to study formation of cDNA genes (R. Dornburg and H. M. Temin, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2328-2334, 1988; Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:64-72, 1990; J. Virol. 64:886-889, 1990). For these studies, retrovirus vectors were constructed in which the U3 region of the 3' long termin... | US |
T-cell subsets were studied by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis in 57 feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-seropositive cats with naturally acquired FIV infection to see whether CD4(+)-CD8+ alterations were comparable to those observed in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. CD4+ values were decrea... | US |
We have previously found that simian virus 40 (SV40) small t antigen (small t) can trans activate the E2A and VA-I genes of adenovirus in plasmid DNA-transfected cells (M. R. Loeken, I. Bikel, D. M. Livingston, and J. Brady, Cell 55:1171-1177, 1988). To determine whether trans activation by small t might be involved in... | US |
Two mutants were constructed to explore the functions of the sequences at the end of the S terminus of pseudorabies virus (PrV). In mutant vYa, 17 bp from the internal inverted repeat, as well as adjacent sequences from the L component, were deleted. In mutant v135/9, 143 bp from the internal inverted repeat (including... | US |
Members of the human heat shock (HSP) family of related proteins are involved in the intracellular folding, transport, and assembly of proteins and protein complexes. We have observed that human heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is associated with the capsid precursor P1 of poliovirus and coxsackievirus B1 in infected HeLa... | US |
The fusion glycoprotein (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (PI2) were molecularly cloned and expressed in HeLa-T4 cells by using the vaccinia virus-T7 transient expression system. Expression of the F and HN proteins was detected by using immunoprecipitation and surface im... | US |
Transient gene expression studies have indicated that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) specifically transactivates the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR). We show here, by a specific mutational analysis, that only the TATA box region is obligatory for transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR by HCMV. Sim... | United Kingdom |
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a lymphotropic herpesvirus, and in vitro, HHV-6 can productively infect many of the same cell types as can human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Coinfection by both viruses in vitro can lead to both activation of the HIV promoter and acceleration of cytopathic effects. We have previously de... | US |
The nucleotide sequence of the 5' nontranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV-Rueckert) was determined, and a consensus RNA structural model for this sequence (850 bases) and three other poly(C)-containing cardioviruses (mengovirus, EMCV-B, and EMCV-D) was created through reiterative use of a minimum-free-... | US |
The role of the HLA class I-restricted, CD8+, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the control of human HSV infections is controversial because previous reports suggest that a substantial portion of the antigen-specific lytic response is mediated by CD4+ cells. To address this question d... | US |
Poliovirus mutants in neutralizing antigenic site 3B were constructed by replacing the glutamic acid residue at amino acid 74 of capsid protein VP2 (VP2074E), using site-specific mutagenesis methods. All viable mutants display small-plaque phenotypes. Characterization of these mutants indicates that capsid assembly is ... | US |
Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) provides an animal model for human papillomaviruses associated with a high risk of cancer development. So far, nothing is known about the transforming functions of CRPV genes because of the lack of an assay system. We have recently developed two systems to assay for CRPV transfor... | US |
Novel cytoplasmic mRNA species produced by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) were cloned by using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Five novel 3' splice sites located in the X region and upstream of the env gene were identified. Splicing to the 3' splice sites in the X region generates mRNAs that expre... | US |
The simian virus 40 small-t antigen contains 10 cysteine residues, 6 of which are organized in two CysXCysXXCys clusters. Mutation of individual Cys residues in the two clusters or mutation of specific residues found between these clusters causes pronounced instability of the protein in animal cells. Protein instabilit... | US |
Stable interactions between simian virus 40 large T antigen and host proteins are believed to play a major role in the ability of the viral protein to transform cells in culture and induce tumors in vivo. Two of these host proteins, the retinoblastoma susceptibility protein (pRB) and p53, are products of tumor suppress... | US |
The purposes of this study were to determine whether heparin would block human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of skin fibroblast (SF) cells and to identify HCMV envelope glycoproteins which might have affinity for heparin. It was determined that soluble heparin in concentrations of 5 to 20 micrograms/ml was capable o... | US |
We have shown that a drug-resistant mutant from a clinical isolate of herpes simplex virus contains a single point mutation in the DNA polymerase gene that confers resistance to both acyclovir and foscarnet. The mutated amino acid is located within a distinct conserved region shared among alpha-like DNA polymerases whi... | US |
The STP-C488 open reading frame of herpesvirus saimiri encodes an oncoprotein that has transforming and tumor-inducing activities independent of the rest of the herpesvirus genome. STP-C488 protein has an unusual, membrane-associated, fibrous structure and is located primarily in perinuclear compartments. We now report... | US |
The avian sarcoma and leukosis viruses (ASLV) encode a protease (PR) at the C terminus of gag which in vivo catalyzes the processing of both gag and gag-pol precursors. The studies reported here were undertaken to determine whether PR is able to cleave these polyproteins while it is still part of the gag precursor or w... | US |
The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) protein binds and activates the latent replication origin (oriP) of the Epstein-Barr virus. We have been studying EBNA1 to determine how it activates replication at oriP. Here we demonstrate that upon binding of EBNA1 to oriP, two thymine residues become reactive to pota... | US |
The nonprimate lentiviruses feline immunodeficiency virus, equine infectious anemia virus, visna virus, and caprine encephalitis virus contain a gene segment in the polymerase gene that is lacking in the primate lentiviruses. A related sequence has been noted in other retroviruses, most notably the type D retroviruses.... | US |
We describe a biochemical function of simian virus 40 small t antigen, the inhibition of simian virus 40 large T antigen-mediated viral DNA replication in an in vitro replication system. Our results suggest that in this system, small t antigen prevents protein phosphatase 2A-mediated activation of large T antigen. | US |
Herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase mutations which map in the N-terminal part of the protein and appear to alter deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) substrate specificity are described. These mutations suppress a drug hypersensitivity associated with the downstream mutation, Aphr10. We suggest that the mutant residues... | US |
Infusion of oxytocin (OT) into normal dogs, in doses which produced plasma levels of OT in the physiological range, has been shown to increase plasma levels of glucose, insulin and glucagon and increase rates of glucose production and uptake. This study sought to determine whether there was a correlation between these ... | US |
Iron is an essential nutrient for Trichomonas vaginalis and is acquired via highly specific receptor-mediated mechanisms from the host. Responses of T. vaginalis to conditions of iron limitation or iron excess were analysed in order to determine whether iron levels in the growth medium regulate certain properties of th... | US |
DNA helicases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyse the unwinding of duplex DNA during replication, recombination and repair. These enzymes have been studied extensively; however, the specific details of how any helicase unwinds duplex DNA are unknown. Although it is clear that not all helicases unwind duplex DNA in an ... | US |
The effects of okadaic acid (OA), a protein phosphatase inhibitor, on transcriptional enhancement activity of rat glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were examined in transiently transfected cells. In the absence of hormone, GRs expressed in CV-1 and COS-1 fibroblasts were capable of enhancing transcription from cotransfected... | US |
In 32 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women, routine gynecologic examination was performed with colposcopy and Papanicolaou smear; cervical swabs were collected for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA screening and typing; and immune status was assessed by CD4 T-cell count. Dot blot analysis was specifically cho... | US |
To determine frequency, anatomic site, and host factors associated with asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus after initial episodes of genital herpes. | US |
A carcinogen-transformed rat hepatoma cell line (Reuber H-35) was utilized as a model system for investigation of the biochemical factors which may limit the effectiveness of chemotherapy in intrinsically resistant tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Northern blotting demonstrated expression of mRNA coding for the... | US |
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