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Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) are a group of closely related enzymes implicated in signal transduction pathways. We report the molecular cloning of four human proteins (p40mapk, p41mapk, p44mapk and p63mapk) with high homology to members of the MAP kinase family. Sequence analysis demonstrated that p4... | US |
LP-BM5 retrovirally infected female C57BL/6J mice were administered cocaine, morphine or both by daily intraperitoneal injection for 9 weeks. Drug concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in serum and in hair extracts. Hair samples obtained from all drug-treated mice were positive for the drug injected, while n... | US |
Endothelial cells and macrophages are located within the hepatic sinusoids. These two cell types play an important role in the clearance of bacterially derived lipopolysaccharide from the portal circulation. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that treatment of rats with lipopolysaccharide results in the accumul... | US |
The carbocyclic analog of deoxyguanosine inhibits hepatitis B virus replication by greater than 95% in the hepatitis B virus-producing cell line (2.2.15) as monitored by decreases of secreted hepatitis B virus DNA, hepatitis B virus polymerase activity and intracellular episomal hepatitis B virus DNA. Transcription of ... | US |
This study was conducted to examine long-term effects of amount and type of dietary fat on body weight and body composition. Adult male Wistar rats were fed high fat (HF; 60% of calories) or low fat (LF; 20% of calories) diets for 28 weeks. Half of the rats in each condition received diets with saturated fat (lard) (S)... | US |
This study, involving 25 family practice residents and 2746 patients in a family practice residency programme, addressed four hypotheses regarding the identification and management of obesity in the primary care setting: (i) the physician-identified prevalence of obesity is significantly lower than the actual prevalenc... | US |
Unidirectional influx of [3H]-corticosterone and [125I] 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T3) into brain, and of [3H]-corticosterone into livers, of 8-10 week old lean and obese (ob/ob) mice was measured with a bolus injection, tissue-sampling technique. Uptake of corticosterone by brain and liver of ob/ob mice was comparable ... | US |
We have employed the fluorescent dye nile red to distinguish between normal cells and cells containing lysosomal accumulations of phospholipids. When fibroblasts from an individual with a genetic deficiency in lysosomal sphingomyelinase activity (Niemann-Pick disease) were stained with nile red and visualized by fluore... | US |
The response of xenografts of five human malignant glioma cell lines and two human squamous cell carcinomas to fractionated irradiation was studied. For this, the tumors were transplanted into nude mice which had been further immunosuppressed by 6 Gy whole-body irradiation. Radiation was given as 30 fractions applied u... | US |
In an attempt to improve local control and survival over those achieved with brain implant alone, a Phase I/II study of interstitial thermoradiotherapy was undertaken for recurrent malignant gliomas and recurrent solitary brain metastases. Between June 1987 and September 1990, 49 tumors in 48 patients were treated with... | US |
The present study was designed to investigate the developmental changes of the endocochlear potential and compound action potential simultaneously from rat pups of various ages. Animals were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine, and the endocochlear potential was measured with a glass microelectrode. At the same time, a... | US |
The effect of cholinergic agents on the phosphoinositide second messenger system was investigated in the cochlea of the adult guinea pig in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, phospholipids were labeled with [32P]-orthophosphate by perilymphatic perfusion and their hydrolysis assayed in 'chase' experiments with non-radioactive... | US |
The type I adenylylcyclase which was originally purified and cloned from bovine brain is stimulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin in vitro. Although it has been proposed that this enzyme may couple elevations in intracellular Ca2+ to increases in cAMP in whole cells, this has not been demonstrated in vivo. In this study, the ... | US |
Branched-chain and aromatic neutral amino acids enter mammalian cells predominantly through a Na(+)-independent transport agency called System L. The sulfhydryl specific reagent p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (pCMBS) has been shown to be a potent inactivator of System L transport activity in Chinese hamster ovary cel... | US |
Stimulation of tracheal smooth muscle cells in culture with ionomycin resulted in a rapid increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and an increase in both myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphorylation. These responses were markedly inhibited in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Pretre... | US |
Regulation of the level of ionized calcium, [Ca2+]i, is critical for its use as an important intracellular signal. In cardiac and skeletal muscle the control of fluctuations of [Ca2+]i depend on sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic reticulum ion channels and transporters. We have investigated the sesquiterpine lactone, thapsig... | US |
Cross-linking of beta-125I-endorphin to NG108-15 cell membranes labeled bands with molecular masses of 55, 35, and 25 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We applied several criteria to evaluate the relevance of these cross-linked bands to delta-opioid receptors, including selectivity, ster... | US |
Human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a relatively benign prognosis despite a high frequency of lymphatic metastasis. This suggests that local anticancer factors, generated in lymph nodes, control PTC progression. The cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), may be one such factor. We have previously sh... | US |
The bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase (MF1) is inactivated by 5'-p'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl-8-azidoadenosine (8-N3-FSBA) with an apparent Kd of 0.47 mM at pH 8.0 and 23 degrees C in the absence of light. Irradiation of dark-inactivated enzyme with long-wavelength UV light produced cross-linked dimers and, to a lesser ... | US |
The human platelet thrombin receptor is activated when thrombin cleaves its receptor's amino-terminal extension to reveal a new amino terminus that functions as a tethered peptide ligand. Exactly how this "agonist peptide domain" remains cryptic within the uncleaved receptor and becomes functional after receptor cleava... | US |
The quinolone CP-115,953 (6,8-difluoro-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-cyclopropyl-4- quinolone-3-carboxylic acid) represents a novel mechanistic class of drugs with potent activity against eukaryotic topoisomerase II in vitro (Robinson, M. J., Martin, B. A., Gootz, T. D., McGuirk, P. R., Moynihan, M., Sutcliffe, J. A., and Oshe... | US |
We sought to investigate effects of lipoprotein lipase (LpL) on cellular catabolism of lipoproteins rich in apolipoprotein B-100. LpL increased cellular degradation of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) by 277% +/- 3.8% and 32.5% +/- 4.1%, respectively, and cell association by 509% +/- 8.7% and 83... | US |
We have utilized S-farnesyl-Leu-Ala-Arg-Tyr-Lys-Cys as a methyl-accepting substrate to characterize a membrane-bound C-terminal protein methyltransferase from rat liver. We have localized the activity to the microsomal fraction and show that the bulk of the enzyme fractionates by density gradient centrifugation with gl... | US |
To determine if singlet oxygen (O2(1 delta g)) is produced by neutrophils (PMNs) during the process of phagocytosis, glass beads were coated with a specific chemical trap for O2(1 delta g), 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA). Singlet oxygen, but not other reactive oxygen species, reacts rapidly with DPA at a rate of kr = 1.... | US |
Two Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinases were purified from rat brain using as substrate a synthetic peptide based on site 1 (site 1 peptide) of the synaptic vesicle-associated protein, synapsin I. One of the purified enzymes was an approximately 89% pure protein of M(r) = 43,000 which bound CaM in a Ca(2+... | US |
In addition to physical properties (DeRemer, M. F., Saeli, R. J., and Edelman, A. M. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 13460-13465), enzymatic and regulatory characteristics indicate that calmodulin (CaM) kinase Ia and CaM kinase Ib are distinct entities. The Km values for ATP and site 1 peptide were similar between the two k... | US |
We report the purification and characterization of a novel DNA helicase from calf thymus tissue. This enzyme partially copurifies with DNA polymerase epsilon* through many of the chromatographic procedures used to isolate it. The enzyme contains an intrinsic DNA-dependent ATPase activity. It can displace short oligonuc... | US |
A high affinity interaction between a protein and the guanine tetrad nucleic acid structure is described. Recombinant MyoD, a transcription factor that can initiate myogenesis, specifically bound to helical structures formed by stacks of guanine residues in square planar arrays. The N-7 methylation of a set of consecut... | US |
The role of specific tyrosine autophosphorylation sites in the human insulin receptor kinase domain (Tyr1158, Tyr1162, and Tyr1163) was analyzed using in vitro mutagenesis to replace tyrosine residues individually or in combination. Each of the three single-Phe, the three possible double-Phe a triple-Phe and a triple-S... | US |
Signal transduction by dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin) is mediated by the intracellular dioxin receptor which, in its dioxin-activated state, regulates transcription of target genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P-450IA1 and glutathione S-transferase Ya. Upon binding of dioxin the ... | US |
A series of Northern blot hybridization experiments using probes derived from the rat gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase cDNA and the human ATP1AL1 gene revealed the presence of a 4.3-kilobase mRNA in colon that seemed likely to encode the distal colon H+,K(+)-ATPase, the enzyme responsible for K+ absorption in mammalian colon. A ... | US |
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow occur as a result of smoke inhalation. The aim of this study was to investigate how the amelioration of blood flow reduction by the vasodilator dopamine affects histopathologic outcome. We exposed the left lungs of chronically instrumented sheep (n = 12) to smok... | US |
Human alpha-thrombin and histamine each stimulates protein phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We have identified the most prominent of these phosphoproteins by immunoprecipitation as the human homolog of the widely distributed myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS). Stimu... | US |
Okadaic acid, a selective inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases, was utilized to investigate the requirement for phosphatases in cell cycle progression of GH4 rat pituitary cells. Okadaic acid inhibited GH4 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximal inhibition (IC50) of appr... | US |
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in collagen biosynthesis, catalyzes the conversion of selected prolyl residues to trans-hydroxyproline in nascent or completed pro-alpha chains of procollagen. The enzyme is a tetramer composed of two nonidentical subunits, designated alpha and beta. To compare the enzyme and its subu... | US |
Although aged rats reportedly have reduced intestinal vitamin D receptor (VDR) concentrations, it is unclear whether an analogous age-related defect occurs in man. Thus, we assessed the interrelationship among serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], calcium absorption and intestinal VDR in 44 healthy, ambulatory... | US |
In clinical practice, falling or reduced maternal estrogen levels are commonly regarded as indicators of fetal distress. However, experimental studies in primate animal models demonstrate that changes in maternal estradiol concentrations vary in response to reduced uteroplacental blood flow and are elevated during feta... | US |
Reports suggest that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) binds to lymphocytes and modulates immune responses. The intestines are richly innervated with VIP-producing nerves. Thus, VIP from nerves or other sources may participate in mucosal immunoregulation. To explore this hypothesis further, murine intestinal mucosal ... | US |
The effect of ACTH on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (I-A) glycoprotein by murine peritoneal macrophages was evaluated. ACTH suppressed the expression of I-A by macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner. ACTH mediated its effect by decreasing the level of I-A mRNA. ACTH suppres... | US |
Based on physiological and psychophysical data, it has been suggested that the neural code for threshold detection in the P channel, mediated by Pacinian corpuscles (PCs), may be 2-4 neural impulses/stimulus (Bolanowski et al., 1988). To further test the efficacy of this code, responses from PCs were measured at differ... | US |
To determine whether there are any differences in contractile properties of individual cardiac myocytes isolated from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) in comparison with its normotensive control--the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. | United Kingdom |
To determine the effect of chronic alcohol consumption upon blood pressure, blood pressure reactivity and vascular contractility in Wistar rats. | US |
The major objective of the current study was to determine whether administration of converting enzyme (CEI) inhibitors produces an alteration in angiotensin II receptor binding in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). | US |
A gene amplification method that combines the polymerase chain reaction with detection of amplified DNA in a solution hybridization/enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) was developed for HPV-16 DNA. Samples were amplified with primers for the E7-E1 region of HPV-16. Amplified DNA products were identified and quantitated by hyb... | US |
We have previously shown in 3 allogeneic bone-marrow transplant (BMT) recipients that complete replacement of recipient marrow was associated with the elimination of the pretransplant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) strain of the recipient. To study the kinetics of EBV elimination and reinfection in more detail, we have perfo... | US |
A multidisciplinary group of health professional educators examined the faculty and student attitudes related to AIDS in undergraduate and graduate nursing programs and in a dental hygiene program. Results indicated consistent differences in attitudes toward homosexuality and intravenous drug users, AIDS-phobia, AIDS-r... | US |
O6-Ether derivatives of 6 beta-naltrexol in which the ether substituent includes various electrophilic groups have been synthesized in an effort to examine structure-activity requirements at the 6 beta-substituent for receptor affinity and irreversibility of binding in opioid receptor preparations. A series of tethered... | US |
The conformationally restricted, cyclic disulfide-containing delta opioid receptor selective enkephalin analogue [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) was modified by 2' (CH3) and 3' (I, OCH3, NO2, NH2) ring substitutions and by beta-methyl conformationally constrained beta-methyltyrosine derivatives in the 1 position. Th... | US |
In this paper, the response of the transcriptional control region of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome c2 gene, cycA, to intermediates in heme biosynthesis was studied. To determine if cycA transcription was regulated by heme availability, several precursors or analogs of tetrapyrroles were tested. Addition of del... | US |
The three-dimensional structure of the enzyme myeloperoxidase has been determined by X-ray crystallography to 3 A resolution. Two heavy atom derivatives were used to phase an initial multiple isomorphous replacement map that was subsequently improved by solvent flattening and non-crystallographic symmetry averaging. Cr... | US |
Studies have shown that response to a given chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer is superior to that in patients previously treated with other regimens. This finding raises the question of whether it is necessary and ethical to study the effects of new anticancer age... | US |
To determine the efficacy of the nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge in preventing sexual acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). | US |
Studies of the pathogenesis of influenza infection have involved the extensive use of animal models. The development of the current concepts of immunity to influenza and of the contribution the secretory immune system makes toward the protection of mucosal surfaces against influenza infection would have been impossible... | US |
Approximately 80 baboon deaths were caused by encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection in a 3060 member research and production colony. The epizootic extended over a 9-month period and occurred in baboons ranging from 1 day to 22 years of age. Acute death was the most common history. When clinical disease was detect... | US |
Thirty-four cases of acute bacillary dysentery occurred within 90 days among macaques housed at the California Regional Primate Research Center. Cases were identified by depression, diarrhea with blood and leukocytic exudate, and/or leukocytosis with a left shift. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enteric isolate... | US |
Young rhesus macaques housed in outdoor corn cribs and fed a commercially prepared primate diet became weak, depressed, were reluctant to move, and expressed locomotor abnormalities. Thirteen severely affected animals were hospitalized for evaluation. Physical examination disclosed swellings and instabilities involving... | US |
Reproductive abnormalities in New Zealand White rabbits at a large commercial rabbitry were linked to an excess of dietary retinyl acetate. Fetal resorptions, abortions, and stillbirths were common in pregnant does. Examination of aborted and stillborn fetuses disclosed hydrocephalus, microencephaly, and cleft palate. ... | US |
At many facilities, limitations of the physical environment have reduced the opportunity for captive chimpanzees to live in large, naturalistic social groups. Convex mirrors used to increase visual access of neighboring groups may improve the social environment. This was tested in a study of 28 chimpanzees (Pan troglod... | US |
Tiletamine and zolazepam, the two constituents of Telazol, were evaluated independently to determine which agent was responsible for the nephrotoxicity caused by Telazol in New Zealand White rabbits. Five rabbits were injected i.m. with 32 mg/kg of tiletamine, four animals received 7.5 mg/kg of tiletamine, and five rab... | US |
Determination of immunoreactive prolactin in squirrel monkeys has been hampered by the lack of specific antibodies. We investigated the adaptability of a commercially available immunoradiometric assay for human prolactin, which employs two separate monoclonal antibodies (MAb I and II) to human prolactin, to determine t... | US |
Chinchillas have become a preferred animal model for studying otitis media, and are also useful in studying insulin release, gastrin physiology, intestinal infection, and hepatocellular pathophysiology. Immunopathologic studies in the model, however, have been limited by absence of specific antibody reagents against ch... | US |
Polyclonal antibody production in subcutaneous chambers was compared to traditional antibody production methods in rabbits. The chamber, a sterilized plastic wiffle golf ball that had been surgically implanted in the subcutis of the thoracic region, was immunized via a percutaneous injection of antigen into the core of... | US |
Indiana secondary school principals were surveyed regarding HIV/AIDS education status in their schools. A questionnaire from the Centers for Disease Control was evaluated then modified for the survey. More than 520 school principals responded to the questionnaire mailed to all 680 school principals, grades 7-12, in Ind... | US |
Unweighting, but not denervation, of muscle reportedly "spares" insulin receptors, increasing insulin sensitivity. Unweighting also increases beta-adrenergic responses of carbohydrate metabolism. These differential characteristics were studied further by comparing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and ... | US |
The use of a convolution or differential-pencil-beam (DPB) algorithm has been studied for charged-particle dose calculations as a means of more accurately modeling the effects of multiple scattering. Such effects are not reflected in current charged-particle dose calculations since these calculations rely on depth-dose... | US |
The erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R), a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily, can be activated by binding either erythropoietin (EPO) or gp55, the Friend spleen focus-forming virus glycoprotein. The highly specific interaction between gp55 and EPO-R triggers cell proliferation and thereby causes the first stage o... | US |
At the level of transcription, all signals of the vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) are mediated by the RA receptors (RARs) as well as the retinoid X receptors (RXRs). The control of expression of the various receptor subtypes and their specific isoforms appears to be strictly regulated and can be assumed to play... | US |
Replication protein A (RP-A; also known as replication factor A and human SSB), is a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that is required for simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. RP-A isolated from both human and yeast cells is a very stable complex composed of 3 subunits (70, 32, and 14 kDa). We have analyzed the... | US |
In cell extracts of Xenopus eggs which oscillate between S and M phases of the cell cycle, the onset of mitosis is blocked by the presence of incompletely replicated DNA. In this report, we show that several artificial DNA templates (M13 single-stranded DNA and double-stranded plasmid DNA) can trigger this feedback pat... | US |
DNA in which BrdU has been randomly incorporated is used to identify specific DNA-binding proteins. We show here that the location of BrdU incorporation in a DNA fragment can significantly affect specific protein-DNA interactions and thereby identification of DNA-binding proteins. We suggest that a radioactive labeled ... | US |
Studies were undertaken in cultured opossum kidney (OK) cells to determine whether the rate of H+ secretion by apical membrane Na+/H+ exchange is modulated by changes in extracellular pH or perfusion rate. H+ secretion was assessed in single cells by measuring the rate of Na(+)-dependent intracellular pH recovery after... | US |
Hydroxyl radical reacts at numerous sites within nucleic acids to form a wide range of derivatives yet the conformational specificity of only one of these processes, direct strand fragmentation, has received much attention to date. Since the deleterious effects of this radical are not likely limited to strand fragmenta... | US |
The mechanisms involved in retinoic acid (RA)-mediated regulation of the collagenase gene in a rabbit synovial fibroblast cell line (HIG82) were investigated. When HIG82 cells are cotransfected with expression vectors containing cDNAs for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha 1, beta 2, or gamma 1 and collagenase promoter... | US |
Potent analgesia is elicited by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and intralaminar thalamus. Horseradish peroxidase conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) was stereotaxically pressure injected into the parafascicular (PF) or central medial (CM) nucleus to identify b... | US |
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common and lethal cancers in the world. It is particularly prevalent on the continents of Africa and Asia. A number of epidemiological studies have associated the exposure status of people to aflatoxin B1 as being important in the etiology of liver cancer. However, to... | US |
We investigated the effects of two behavioral interventions--aerobic exercise and cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM)--on Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen (EBV-VCA) and human herpesvirus type-6 (HHV-6) antibody modulation in 65 asymptomatic gay men measured at several time points in the 5 weeks precedi... | US |
Using intact, immobilized carp preparations, changes in light responsiveness of cone horizontal cells and ultrastructures of their terminals in cone pedicles (HCTs) were correlatively examined in prolonged (greater than 2 h) darkness and after the presentation of a dim background light. Following background illuminatio... | US |
Cyclooxygenase inhibition has been proposed as treatment for sepsis-induced acute lung injury. However, the mechanism of protection offered by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen is not well understood. To elucidate this mechanism, the effects of ibuprofen on the neutrophil respiratory burst and alveolar-capillary m... | US |
The pathological alterations in upper motor neurons were investigated in 27 cases of adult-onset sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). No significant cytoskeletal alterations were found in the Betz cells of any of the cases except one, although cytoskeletal pathology was consistently present in lower motor neur... | US |
The prevalence of pale bodies and Lewy bodies was studied in the substantia nigra of 12 patients with typical Parkinson's disease (PD), in 5 patients with diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD), and in a group of neurologically normal controls. Anti-ubiquitin antibodies labelled pale bodies and Lewy bodies in typical PD and ... | United Kingdom |
The signal transduction pathways of the recently cloned porcine kidney calcitonin (CT) receptor were evaluated. This receptor, when stably transfected into MC-3T3 cells, avidly bound salmon CT (SCT) [dissociation constant (Kd) = 4 nM]. Incubation with SCT resulted in a dose-dependent accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyc... | US |
We studied cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes and their role in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and cGMP metabolism in a rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cell line. The homogenized and fractionated IMCD cells of cAMP-PDE and all of cGMP-PDE activity were found in the cytosol.... | US |
To develop a technique for measuring Na(+)-H+ exchange activity and intracellular pH (pH(i)) "on line" in resistance vessels, we utilized strips of rat mesenteric arteries loaded with the pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Strips were held at a fixed length within a 3-ml cuvette, and fl... | US |
Na(+)-H+ exchange was examined in segments of the superior mesenteric artery from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats using the pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). Basal pH values were identical in the two strains (SHR = 7.18 +/- 0.02, WKY = 7.15 +/- 0.01... | US |
Studies were carried out in anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated dogs to determine whether postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic receptors participated in neurally mediated vascular tone in skeletal muscle. Hindlimb skeletal muscle resistance (RL) and blood flow (QL) were determined before, during, and after reversible co... | US |
The vasoconstrictor actions of prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide, PGH2, were examined in isolated rabbit aortic rings suspended for measurement of isometric tension. In aortic rings with an intact endothelium, PGH2 caused concentration-dependent contractions which were blocked by SQ 29548 (a PGH2-thromboxane A2 receptor ... | US |
In earlier studies Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) and Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport partially accounted for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) K+ (Rb+) uptake. In other cells Rb+ is taken up by a K(+)-H(+)-ATPase that is sensitive to NC-1300-B, SCH28080, omeprazole, and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). This study exa... | US |
Quantitation of the conversion of nonradioactive supercoiled DNA to its open circular or linear forms on ethidium-stained electrophoretic gels has been difficult because of differential binding of ethidium to supercoiled DNA vs other forms under different conditions and the nonlinear response of photographic film. We h... | US |
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been linked causally to some human cancers such as cervical carcinoma. To determine whether any additional type of human malignancy contained HPV DNA, we examined 16 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens by Southern blot technique and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One HCC cont... | US |
Four different isomers of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine [beta-DL-(+-)-BCH-189] were evaluated in primary human lymphocytes infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The beta-L-(-) isomer was the most potent enantiomer, with a median effective concentration of 1.8 nM and no discernible cytotoxicity up to 100 mi... | US |
Extracellular ATP causes an increase in the concentration of cytoplasmic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in bovine pulmonary-artery endothelial (BPAE) cells that results in the synthesis and release of prostacyclin (PGI2), a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. We show here that PGI2 release in BPAE cells c... | US |
The NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells is important for the efficient killing and digestion of ingested microbes. A very unusual low-potential cytochrome b (b-245) is the only redox molecule to have been identified in this system. The FAD-containing flavoprotein that binds NADPH and transfers electrons to the cytochrome... | US |
Mammalian type C retroviruses use translational suppression to synthesize the enzymes which function in virus replication. The UAG termination codon at the end of the coding region for the viral core proteins is translated as glutamine at a frequency of approximately 5%, allowing synthesis of the enzymes as part of a l... | US |
We have used molecular and biochemical techniques to analyze Na,K-ATPase from a simple metazoan, Hydra vulgaris. First we isolated and characterized cDNA clones encoding the Na,K-ATPase alpha subunit from a Hydra lambda gt11 cDNA library. The open reading frame predicts a protein of 1031 amino acids that bears a high d... | US |
Structural studies of globular proteins by nmr can be enhanced by the use of isotope enrichment. We have been working with proteins enriched with 15N, and with both 15N and 13C. Due to the isotope enrichment we could assign several large proteins with up to 186 residues and could address structural questions. Furthermo... | US |
Using immunohistochemical methods with polyclonal antibodies directed against a specific sequence of the beta 1-subunit of the GABAA receptor, we found strong immunoreactivity in the white matter of cat brain. The immunopositive products were present primarily on processes of glial cells, especially astrocytes. Immunor... | US |
Gap junction channels, now known to be formed of connexins, connect the interiors of apposed cells. These channels can be opened and closed by various physiological stimuli and experimental treatments. They are permeable to ions and neutral molecules up to a size of about 1 kDa or 1.5 nm diameter, including second mess... | US |
Gap junctional communication between cells provides a mechanism for the movement of molecular information between cells via the unit of gap junction structure and function, the gap junctional channel. In the past five years, there has been rapid progress in identifying and characterizing a multigene family that is resp... | US |
The vertebrate eye lens is a solid cyst of cells which grows throughout life by addition of new cells at the surface. The older cells, buried by the newer generations, differentiate into long, prismatic fibers, losing their cellular organelles and filling their cytoplasms with high concentrations of soluble proteins, t... | US |
Phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by norepinephrine, quisqualate, or trans-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (ACPD), but not by carbachol, was approximately 50% greater in hippocampal slices from adrenalectomized (14 days) rats compared with controls. These changes appeared to be selective for the hippocampus... | US |
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