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We conducted a prospective study of diet in relation to the incidence of basal cell carcinoma of the skin in a cohort of 73,366 women who were 34 to 59 years old in 1980 and without previous skin or other cancer. During 4 years of follow-up, 771 incident cases of basal cell carcinoma were diagnosed. When adjusted for o... | US |
Hyperglycemia is an important risk factor for the development of retinopathy and nephropathy in people with diabetes mellitus. There are few population-based data on changes in glycemia over time. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in glycemia, as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin in 1980 to 1982 and in... | US |
Phase I of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention was designed to test the effectiveness and safety of three life-style (weight loss, sodium restriction, and stress management) and four nutrition supplement (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and fish oil) interventions in reducing diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in persons ... | US |
Although crude correlations are useful in family studies, some adjustment for effects of risk factors that vary both within and among families if often needed. A linear model for estimating sibship correlations while simultaneously considering height, age, race, sex, ascertainment, and smoking status was used on pulmon... | US |
It is now established that high plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this increased risk have not been elucidated. Lipoprotein(a) represents a class of lipoprotein particles having a cholesteryl ester-rich low... | US |
Traditionally, plasmin generation has been conceptualized as a process oriented on the surface of a fibrin-containing thrombus. Recent work, however, indicated that plasminogen and its activators, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase, can assemble on the surface of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial... | US |
The rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk after menopause may be reduced by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) although the mechanism is unclear. Because little is known about the potential role of hemostatic factors, fibrinogen level and other coagulation parameters were measured in a study on the change in CVD ris... | US |
Mounting data support a causal connection between high-normal fibrinogen levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There is clearly a thrombogenic component to atherosclerosis and the onset of clinical manifestations. This offers the possibility to better identify high-risk candidates and also to protect them ... | US |
Several population studies have shown that plasma levels of fibrinogen and factor VII are significantly associated with ischemic cardiovascular events. However, there is little information regarding the association of hemostatic factors with early atherosclerosis. To evaluate this, we compared the plasma concentrations... | US |
The relations between hemostatic variables and cardiovascular risk factors were examined in a biracial population sample of middle-aged adults. Fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, protein C, and antithrombin III levels varied considerably by age, sex, and race. Hemostatic variables also were ass... | US |
The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) was designed to examine cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in older adults. We report here the distributions of the coagulation factors fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII in a population-based cohort of men and women 65 years or older. In other studies of middle-aged ... | US |
The stimulation of platelets, activation of the coagulation cascade, release of platelet-derived vasoconstrictors, and endothelial dysfunction all contribute to the thrombotic vascular occlusion that results in myocardial infarction. Despite the importance of platelets in the initiation of this process, they are activa... | US |
The influence of very young maternal age and parity on pregnancy outcome was examined in a cohort of nearly 900 adolescents and mature women from Camden, New Jersey. Young primigravid primiparas (aged 12 to 15 years) were compared with mature primigravid primiparas (18 to 29 years). Young multiparas (19 years or younge... | US |
There are data to suggest a relationship between alcohol consumption, particularly beer, and lung cancer. This hypothesis was tested on data from a cohort of 41,837 Iowa women aged 55 to 69 years. Women were recruited by mail and provided information on alcohol and tobacco use, physical activity, and education. Compare... | US |
For the past 45 years, there has been a great deal of debate regarding the health issues surrounding the fluoridation of public water supplies. In order to assess the association between fluoridation and hip fracture, we identified 129 counties across the United States considered to be exposed to public water fluoridat... | US |
Methylxanthines in the form of coffee and tea may be dietary factors that function as pharmacologic bronchodilators. To examine this hypothesis, we analyzed data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). NHANES II was conducted on a sample representative of the civilian noninstitutio... | US |
Cardiovascular risk factors were examined in 453 subjects participating in the Wadena City Health Study, a population-based study to assess the relationship between diabetes and glucose intolerance with age. Each subject was classified as either having non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), impaired glucose t... | US |
The potential influence of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on the subsequent development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is relatively unexplored, despite postulated effects of these hormones on glucose tolerance. We examined the association between postmenopausal hormone use and the subsequent incid... | US |
Central adiposity, sometimes described as male pattern fat distribution, is adversely related to cardiovascular risk and mortality independent of other measures of obesity. In a cohort of 511 men aged 30 to 79 years in 1972 to 1974, levels of androstenedione, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin measured at b... | US |
Reliability of recalled measures of physical activity and alcohol and tobacco use was examined in a cohort of 873 men and women in three California communities. In personal interviews in 1972, participants provided baseline data on these three habits. In repeat interviews in 1983, they recalled their habits in 1972 and... | US |
Recent epidemiologic studies found that there is a strong association of hemostatic factors with ischemic heart disease. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Intraindividual Variability (IIV) Study was conducted to estimate the various components of variation in hemostasis factors measured in the ARIC Study a... | US |
Assessment of risk factors for chronic disease and disability among the elderly is a complex issue. Findings may be affected by the age at which the putative risk factor was measured, interval between the time of measurement of risk and outcome, possibility of changing patterns of exposure throughout the life span, and... | US |
This article examines the methodologic difficulties encountered in studies of the long-term effects of the Vietnam War on the psychological and physical health of veterans. Alternate study designs and exposure and outcome measurements are examined in relation to psychological (post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol... | US |
Off-vertical-axis rotation (OVAR) in darkness generates continuous compensatory eye velocity. No model has yet been presented that defines the signal processing necessary to estimate head velocity in three dimensions for arbitrary rotations during OVAR. The present study develops a model capable of estimating all 3 com... | US |
Previous experiments show that altered visual feedback can change VOR gain. Such changes also presumably occur when eyeglasses are donned and doffed, or when bifocals are worn. In these cases, a nonvisual cue accompanies the required gain adjustment (frames on/off for eyeglasses, looking up/down for bifocals). We set o... | US |
The human horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was studied as a function of aging (18 to 89 years) over a broad range of frequencies (0.025 to 4 Hz) and peak velocities (50 degrees to 300 degrees/s) of angular head movement. Eye movements were recorded using the search-coil technique. High stimulus frequencies and ... | US |
We describe a procedure for modifying horizontal eye movement measurements in a way that effectively removes signal contributions due to the eccentric location of the eyes relative to the center of rotation of the head. This procedure helps standardize measured signals so that data collected under different experimenta... | US |
1. We describe how potential artifacts (due to solution composition, buffering capacity of the bathing medium, size of the skinned fiber preparation, permeability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles, and proper Kd for Ca2+ of the fluorescent indicator used to measure Ca2+ transport can be avoided in order to de... | US |
Infection with Schistosoma mansoni induces humoral and T cell mediated responses and leads to a delayed hypersensitivity that results in granulomatous inflammatory disease around the parasite eggs. Regulation of these responses resulting in a reduction in this anti-egg inflammatory disease is apparently determined by i... | US |
Despite considerable interest in viral evolution, at least among virologists, viruses are rarely considered from the same evolutionary vantage point as other organisms. Early work of necessity emphasized phenotype and phenotypic variation (and therefore arguably was more oriented towards the broader biological and ecol... | US |
1. The myocardial collagen matrix is an active participant in determining ventricular architecture and diastolic function, and myocardial structural integrity and mechanical properties. It consists of a network of fibrillar collagen which is intimately related with the myocyte, myofibril and muscle fiber as well as the... | US |
1. Potassium channel opening drugs (KCOs) include benzopyrans such as cromakalim, cyanoguanidines such as pinacidil and tetrahydrothiopyrans such as RP 49356. 2. While clinical trials have indicated that cromakalim may be of benefit in the treatment of nocturnal asthma, it remains to be determined whether KCOs will fin... | United Kingdom |
Fungi of the class Pyrenomycetes (Ascomycotina) form a morphological series ranging from those that shoot ascospores (sexual spores) forcibly from the ascus (spore sac) to fungi that ooze ascospores or have no obvious mechanism for ascospore release. Did forcible ascospore discharge evolve within these pyrenomycetes, o... | US |
We have cloned a 4-kb region encompassing the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod) gene from a genomic library of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, using a cDNA probe from Drosophila melanogaster. The coding sequence of 462 bases is equally as long as that in Drosophila species. The rate of amino acid replac... | US |
Additional DNA sequence information from a range of primates, including 13.7 kb from pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus), was added to data sets of beta-globin gene cluster sequence alignments that span the gamma 1, gamma 2, and psi eta loci and their flanking and intergenic regions. This enlarged body of data was used to ... | US |
To explore the evolutionary nature of the salmonid mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (D-loop) and its utility for inferring phylogenies, the entire region was sequenced from all eight species of anadromous Pacific salmon, genus Oncorhynchus; the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar; and the Arctic grayling, Thymallus ar... | US |
Nucleotide sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S) gene were used to investigate evolutionary relationships within the Fungi. The inferred tree topologies are in general agreement with traditional classifications in the following ways: (1) the Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota appear to be basal groups within t... | US |
Recent molecular analyses have contributed to our knowledge about the chromogranin/secretogranin (Cg/Sg) family and their utility in diagnostic pathology. The genes for five of these proteins have been cloned, and the deduced amino acid sequences have provided insights into the structure and possible functions of the C... | US |
The strong association of intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) with adult germ cell testicular tumors is well known, but studies noting the absence of ITGCN in certain germ cell neoplasms such as spermatocytic seminoma, childhood teratoma, and infantile yolk sac tumor (YST) have raised the issue of whether these la... | US |
The study of low-copy viral or genomic DNA sequences by in situ hybridization (ISH) is often limited by sensitivity. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the amplification of target DNA sequences in fixed cells [in situ PCR] (ISPCR) before ISH, we have been able to greatly improve the sensitivity of ISH. Viral... | US |
We have used an in situ hybridization method for analysis of expression of BCL2 and MYC on cytospun preparations of normal and malignant lymphoid cell lines and tissue sections of normal and malignant lymph nodes. The probes comprised 50-mer antisense oligonucleotides starting at the ATG codons of exon 3 of BCL2 and ex... | US |
We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect amplification of the MYCN oncogene in neuroblastoma cell lines and to distinguish primary tumors with a single copy from those with MYCN amplification using DNA extracted from frozen sections. Two primer pairs were used to co-amplify a 428-bp fragment of the MY... | US |
Recent reports of "lineage switching" from a lymphoid to macrophage phenotype have left unresolved the question of whether such cells are functional macrophages or nonfunctional products of differentiation gone awry. This study demonstrates that several "macrophage-like" cell lines derived from v-Ha-ras-transformed pre... | US |
Mice with the scid mutation have a defect in the V(D)J recombinase. In order to determine whether the SCID product is normally present in mature B cells that do not have the recombinase activity, scid pre-B cells were fused with myeloma cells. It was found that in the hybrid cells, a rearrangement test gene was correct... | US |
MRL-Mp-lpr/lpr mice contain phenotypically abnormal populations of T cells, and exhibit an SLE-like autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies are a prominent feature. We analyzed the phenotype and T-cell receptor V beta expression pattern in CD4+ T cells of this mutant mouse strain to detect abnormalities that could e... | US |
The mechanism by which the antigen-specific immune system distinguishes between foreign antigens (toward which it mounts an immune response) and self-antigens (of which it is tolerant) is not completely understood. Studies using "superantigens" and transgenic mice have allowed investigations into some of the mechanisms... | US |
Studies were conducted to address further the role(s) of antigen processing and presentation in the induction of immune responses in a phylogenetically lower vertebrate, specifically a teleost, the channel catfish. In particular, studies were aimed at determining the subcellular compartments involved in antigen degrada... | US |
High levels of parental communication deviance may represent risk markers for the onset of severe psychiatric disorders in vulnerable offspring, and are associated with markers of vulnerability among schizophrenic patients and among at-risk children. Future research that proceeds in the direction of further clarifying ... | US |
We developed a radioimaging technique for measuring regional myocardial blood flow (rMBF) in 5 mm2 myocardial tissue using canine closed-chest models. RMBF was measured in three groups: (1) total occlusion of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery with microfibrillar collagen, (2) fixed stenosis of LAD with ang... | US |
This paper assesses the accuracy of self-reported dates of last mammograms from a postal survey compared to dates of mammograms in medical records. | US |
The data reviewed in this chapter provide evidence that the pattern of GnRH secretion appears to be an important factor in regulating gonadotropin subunit gene expression, gonadotropin synthesis and hormone secretion. The data on gonadotropin synthesis were obtained in rodents and hence, must be interpreted with cautio... | US |
The development and characterization of an animal model to study mechanisms underlying abnormal alcohol-seeking behavior have been described. Raised by genetic means, it demonstrates the importance of genetic factors in this behavior. It has allowed the elucidation of neural pathways and neurotransmitter systems that s... | US |
The lipid substrate specificity of Manduca sexta lipid transfer particle (LTP) was examined in in vitro lipid transfer assays employing high density lipophorin and human low density lipoprotein (LDL) as donor/acceptor substrates. Unesterified cholesterol was found to exchange spontaneously between these substrate lipop... | US |
Metabolism of cAMP and cGMP by the major types (families) of cyclic-3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) was studied in confluent renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cells grown in vitro. LLC-PK1 cells mainly contain the cAMP-specific rolipram-sensitive PDE type-IV (PDE-IV), the Ca(2+)-calmodulin dependent PDE type-I and cGM... | US |
The relationship of structural and functional moieties on calmodulin is important in all venues of cell activity. In this study, we investigate the effect of lysine modification on calmodulin function. Azidosalicylate reagents containing different "linker arm" lengths, between the photoactive terminus and an amine-reac... | US |
The rapid, efficient, and accurate communication of clinical research findings to both clinicians and researchers is essential to the process of improving medical care. This information should be conveyed in a form that facilitates the interpretation of the complete body of research on a specific condition. Unfortunate... | US |
Based upon their individual clinical activity and combined effects in animal models or in vitro, we wished to evaluate a regimen of cisplatin, interferon-alpha, and IL-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma. | US |
Dispersal of five species of phlebotomine sand flies was studied in a coffee plantation near Arboledas, Colombia, by mark-release-recapture studies using fluorescent powders. The estimated recapture rate for males of Lutzomyia shannoni marked and released during the day was 28.1%, significantly higher than that for all... | US |
The phlebotomine sand fly fauna of two coffee plantations in a Leishmania-endemic area of Norte de Santander, Colombia was studied. Regular insect collections using a variety of methods were made for three and a half years. Information was obtained on diurnal resting sites, host range and seasonal abundance for 17 spec... | US |
Passage of malaria-infected blood through a two-layered column composed of acid-washed glass beads and CF 11 cellulose removes white cells from parasitized blood. However, because use of glass beads and CF 11 cellulose requires filtration of infected blood separately through these two resins and the addition of ADP, th... | US |
Cerebral complications are important, but poorly understood pathological features of infections caused by some species of Plasmodium and Babesia. Patients dying from P. falciparum were classified as cerebral or non-cerebral cases according to the cerebral malaria coma scale. Light microscopy revealed that cerebral micr... | US |
The vast majority of the 1-2 million malaria associated deaths that occur each year are due to anemia and cerebral malaria (the attachment of erythrocytes containing mature forms of Plasmodium falciparum to the endothelial cells that line the vascular beds of the brain). A "model system" for the study of cerebral malar... | US |
The sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to the endothelial cells of brain capillaries is believed to represent one of the determining factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. In vitro studies of cytoadherence provide an experimental approach to understand the mechanism of sequestration ... | United Kingdom |
Merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1, also referred to as P195, PMMSA or MSA 1) is one of the most studied of all malaria proteins. The protein is found in all malaria species investigated and structural studies on the gene indicate that parts of the molecule are well-conserved. Studies on Plasmodium falciparum have show... | United Kingdom |
Although several animal models for human cerebral malaria have been proposed in the past, none have shown pathological findings that are similar to those seen in humans. In order to develop an animal model for human cerebral malaria, we studied the pathology of brains of Plasmodium coatneyi (primate malaria parasite)-i... | US |
The development of additional methods for detecting and identifying Babesia and Plasmodium infections may be useful in disease monitoring, management and control efforts. The preliminary evaluate synthetic peptide-based serodiagnosis, a hydrophilic sequence (DDESEFDKEK) was selected from the published BabR gene of B. b... | US |
The pathogenesis of autoimmune vasculitis is poorly understood. Understanding the immunologic mechanisms governing this disease requires precise identification of the cells which comprise the lesion. In this report, we have evaluated tissue sections from MRL/lpr mice from 16 to 45 weeks of age, representing all stages ... | US |
S-Antigen, a photoreceptor cell protein, is highly efficient in inducing experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), a severe inflammation of the uveal tract and retina of the eye. S-Antigen and six synthetic peptides, all of which correspond to known T-cell or B-cell recognition sites, were tested for their ability t... | US |
We have cloned and sequenced the Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase gene of Chymomyza amoena. The coding sequence has the same length as in Drosophila species and in Ceratitis capitata. There are two introns, located at the same sites as in Ceratitis. The second intron is absent in Drosophila: this places Chymomyza outside th... | US |
Expression from a Drosophila metallothionein promoter (Mtn) was investigated in mosquito cells. Recombinant plasmids carrying a transcription unit comprised of the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ) fused to the metallothionein promoter were stably introduced into Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells. A low copy t... | US |
Genomic RNA was transcribed in vitro from the non-infectious Sindbis (SIN) virus expression vector (pTRCAT) and introduced into C6/36 (Aedes albopictus) cells by liposome-mediated transfections. The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) polypeptide expressed within cells was detected by an indirect immunofluorescent ... | US |
The gene encoding Aedes albopictus ribosomal protein L8 was isolated using a cDNA probe. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, rpL8 has a mass of 28,605 Da, a pI of 11.97, and contains 9.6% Arg and 11.9% Lys. The rpL8 gene spans 1229 nucleotides, and contains three exons measuring 73, 150, and 648 nucleotides. The ... | US |
A large body of experimental evidence indicates that over-activation of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors may mediate irreversible neuronal injury in a variety of pathologic settings including cerebral ischemia, and that the developing brain may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of EAA receptor ove... | US |
Although a human neonatal foreskin graft to a nude mouse has been shown to be morphologically intact for several months after establishment, the feasibility of using this system for carcinogenesis studies has not been widely investigated. In this study, we have investigated the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in hum... | US |
The effects of diabetes and insulin administration on certain aspects of phosphoinositide metabolism in R3230AC mammary tumors were studied in vivo. Three weeks after diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, [3H]myoinositol incorporation into PI, PIP and PIP2 was increased in R3230AC tumors, whereas the formation of [3H... | US |
Morbidity in schistosomiasis mansoni occurs primarily as a result of the complications of hepatic fibrosis. Yet, the pathogenesis of schistosomal hepatic fibrosis is poorly understood. The fact that the hepatic egg granuloma is the hallmark of this infection suggests a potential role for granulomatous inflammation in h... | US |
Baboons develop a syndrome, including eosinophilia and transient fever, after infection with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni that is consistent with the human syndrome of acute schistosomiasis. Radiotelemetry can be used to follow the course of fever in infected baboons. Individual variations in intensity of disease w... | US |
The induction of granuloma formation by soluble egg antigens (SEA) of Schistosoma mansoni is accompanied by T cell-mediated lymphokine production that regulates the intensity of the response. In the present study we have examined the ability of SDS-PAGE fractionated SEA proteins to elicit granulomas and lymphokine prod... | US |
Mouse infection models are described that demonstrate reduction of egg production in Schistosoma haematobium infections and both worm loss and reduced fecundity in S. bovis infections. Neither phenomenon could be shown in S. mansoni infected mice. The immunological basis for these anti-adult responses was inferred by c... | United Kingdom |
Nystagmus is a common finding in patients with disease affecting the brain stem and cerebellum. Basic research into mechanisms that normally control eye movements has led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of different types of acquired nystagmus. Nystagmus is caused by disorders of the mechanisms that norma... | US |
The main findings in unilateral INO are paresis of adduction in the eye on the side of the lesion (for conjugate but not vergence eye movements) and abduction nystagmus in the eye on the side opposite to the lesion. A skew deviation (eye usually higher on the side of the lesion) or a dissociated, mixed vertical-torsion... | US |
For years the conventional approach to treatment of atrial fibrillation has centered around use of digoxin for rate control and type IA agents for conversion to normal sinus rhythm and has avoided use of anticoagulation therapy for most patients. Current data suggest that new conventions are needed. beta-Blockers or ca... | US |
The actions of angiotensin II can be described in terms of the three paradigms listed in Table 1. According to the first paradigm (organ physiology), angiotensin II is a pressor, while the second (cell biochemistry) views it as an extracellular messenger that, by promoting Ca2+ release within cells, causes vasoconstric... | US |
Carcinogenic alkylating agents administered orally are metabolized in the liver and alkylate DNA in liver cells of rats and hamsters. They frequently, but not always, induce liver tumors, in addition to tumors of other organs. Directly acting alkylating agents, such as alkylnitrosoureas and alkylnitrosocarbamates, rare... | US |
A new technique enables correlation of dystrophin expression with the location of donor versus host nuclei in the same sections of mdx mouse muscle injected with normal myoblasts. Myoblasts from C57BL/6J mice or from humans were labeled with 0.01% fluoro-gold (FG) in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) for 16 h at... | US |
The human neuronal cell-1 (HCN-1) line has recently been established. Under favorable conditions, these cells differentiate into mature neuronal phenotypes. Here we report on further characterization of these cells. Cultured HCN-1 cells express fibronectin immunoreactivity and grow well on fibronectin substrate but do ... | US |
Interest in the use of neural tissue transplantation for the study of CNS development and maturation and the potential use of this technique for the treatment of certain degenerative CNS disorders has led to our use of transplantation of neural tissue across species lines. Prior to extensive transplantation studies usi... | US |
This study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravenous (i.v.) injection of islets, via a peripheral vein, in the treatment of experimental diabetes in highly inbred Lewis rats. Rats were made diabetic by the i.v. injection of streptozocin, and donor islets were isolated from neonatal rats. Tw... | US |
Intrastriatal implantation of a dopaminergic cell line surrounded by a permeable, thermoplastic membrane was investigated as a method of long-term dopamine (DA) delivery within the central nervous system (CNS). An increase in DA release from PC12 cell-loaded capsules maintained in vitro was associated with an increase ... | US |
In this article, we show that 1) computed tomographic (CT)-guided stereotactic infusion of an excitotoxin into the striatum of a nonhuman primate provides a useful neuropathologic and behavioral model for Huntington's disease. 2) High-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to image the decreased gluc... | US |
Despite more than 30 yr of research and development, an artificial liver has still not yet become clinical reality. Although previous attempts using a multiplicity of techniques including hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, plasma exchange, extracorporeal perfusion, and crosshemodialysis have shown minor improvement in patien... | US |
Ortony and Turner's (1990) arguments against those who adopt the view that there are basic emotions are challenged. The evidence on universals in expression and in physiology strongly suggests that there is a biological basis to the emotions that have been studied. Ortony and Turner's reviews of this literature are fau... | US |
Type VII collagen is a genetically distinct member of the collagen family of proteins. Type VII collagen has been shown to be the major component of anchoring fibrils, attachment complexes which secure the cutaneous basement membrane of the skin to the underlying dermis. Understanding of the structure of type VII colla... | US |
The polypeptide cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) affects nearly every tissue and organ system. IL-1 is the prototype of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in that it induces the expression of a variety of genes and synthesis of several proteins which, in turn, induce acute and chronic inflammatory changes. Most studies on the... | US |
During intraerythrocytic development, the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum actively internalizes phospholipids from its erythrocyte membrane and the extracellular medium. The import of exogenous lipids is not due to endocytosis, but to energy-dependent, transbilayer movement of phospholipids induced by the ... | US |
Helicobacter pylori has been shown to be the cause of chronic active gastritis and the evidence that it is involved in the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer is compelling. Narrow host range, tissue specificity, and chronic inflammation are hallmarks of infection. The study of virulence determinants... | US |
The authors used automated DNA hybridization equipment, the Code-On (Instrumentation Laboratory, Lexington, MA), for more than 2 years to perform in situ hybridization in the clinical and research laboratory. For in situ hybridization for viral DNA in fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, the Code-On produces results that a... | US |
Murine resident macrophages express, on their surface, carbohydrate epitopes which undergo changes during their stimulation/activation as monitored by binding of 125I labelled Evonymus europaea and Griffonia simplicifolia I-B4 lectins. Treatment of the stimulated macrophages with coffee bean alpha-galactosidase abolish... | US |
As part of a study of community-acquired non-A, non-B hepatitis, liver biopsy specimens of 29 anti-HCV positive and four anti-HCV negative patients were evaluated in order to characterize the histopathologic changes of chronic hepatitis C. Liver biopsies were performed 6 to 46 mo after onset of the disease and repeat b... | US |
Currently, the most reliable method for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the detection of viral sequences by the reverse transcription double polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) in serum or liver samples. We demonstrate here that noncoding region sequences (NT) of HCV were amplifiable by RT/PCR in g... | US |
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