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User: what are some organizations that are worth applying to that can support/endorse beginner delegates? so just recently i found out ab model united nations and it's everything i've wanted to do for so long--despite only having found out ab it in march. an acquaintance of mine invited me to a mock mun conference and i ended up enjoying it a lot! after that we became friends lately shes been inviting me to a lot of international muns and i honestly would be lying if i wasn't jealous--she's on the richer side and while i am getting accepted in MUN conferences i can't really shoulder the expenses for most of them 🫠 me and my friend r only 15, but shes already applied to so many international MUN conferences that honestly make me feel really small in comparison. i dont have secret animosity or anything, but i'd just like to know if theres any organizations affiliated with intercultural programs and or model united nations that i can apply to that can potentially sponsor some of my future endeavors in mun :) or anything that can help my resume in the future lol + orgs that promote/train delegates diplomatic affairs and international relations too !! i really just wanna apply as much as i can since im graduating jhs soon lol
User: How to win despite being rivals with every country I have an MUN next week and my assigned country opposes every country's stance in the committee. I know its a good chance to win but my country does something for some countries eventhough it lacks that same thing for itself and worse its not in good terms with the vetoes. The MUN will have crisis and everyone will be taking it out on me. Please tell me the most useful tips for me to win!!!
User: Online MUN's 2025 If there are any online MUN's preferably in June 3rd to 4th week, please let me know.
User: Does anyone want to do an Online mun?(India) An online mun is being organised with considerabely cheap del fee and a decent enough cash prize so if anyone wants details do lemme know (india only)
User: MUN's are frowned upon in debating societies. But why is that? because in MUN's portfolio's like America and Russia basically these superpowers win because they something to do with every agenda, leaving the other portfolio's behind. Such will not be the case in Orbis MUN, all the portfolio's assigned will be equally relevant for the discussion through "challenges" and maybe even crisis if the EB feels so. Register now for the MUN experience you deserve but have never gotten. completely FREE btw registration link as well as all conference resources are present here: [https://mymun.com/conferences/orbis-mun-summer-edition-2025](https://mymun.com/conferences/orbis-mun-summer-edition-2025) Insta page ( any query's send her): [https://www.instagram.com/orbis\_model\_un?igsh=MTVlOHpyemM0a3Zzcg==](https://www.instagram.com/orbis_model_un?igsh=MTVlOHpyemM0a3Zzcg==)
User: Alguém pode me falar qual espécie de formiga e essa ? Alguém pode me falar qual espécie de formiga e essa ?
User: How do I approach this situation? I am Chiang Kai-Shek for Chinese Civil war (more specifically 1935) for a mock crisis and I have no experience in terms of everything, no military knowledge... i don't even know what to say? Do anyone have any tips from writing or any actions i can do to bring down the ccp?
User: Looking for MUNs in Noida/Delhi NCR Looking for MUNs in this area that are happening
User: IIMUN Abu Dhabi If any1 is participating in the IIMUN abu dhabi chapter, please lmk Thanks in advance ❤️
User: I don't know where to start... Hi everyone, I'm currently preparing for a Model United Nations (MUN) conference, where I've been assigned to represent Somalia in the INTERPOL committee. I've done a lot of research on INTERPOL’s structure and functions, but I'm struggling to understand how exactly it relates to Somalia’s real-world challenges. I know that issues like Al-Shabaab terrorism, piracy, human trafficking, and child soldiers are major problems — but I can't seem to connect the dots or go deeper into how INTERPOL is involved, or could be. Are there any Somalis here — or anyone with experience in East Africa, humanitarian work, or security issues — who could help me understand: * What daily security concerns or crimes are most serious in Somalia today? * How would international police collaboration actually help, if at all? * Are there any INTERPOL-related projects or partnerships on the ground that I should know about? Any personal insights, articles, or recommendations would be really appreciated.
User: How do u survive a MUN on an uphill battle? I have a MUN coming up soon and I got Pakistan which is fine but I realised i‘m the only developing state within the committee ( the rest or all advanced euro nations, maybe besides Russia) & the issues concern child soldiers and mandatory military conscription- so I have the feeling I’ll definitely become an easy target for other states to condemn which has never happened to me before. Does anyone have any tips how I can swing the topic into my favour if you have a country that rlly isn’t in your favour? I rlly don’t know what to do :( ( I’ve only ever been P5s ToT)
User: DPRK for upcoming mun conference hi! i've done some MUNS b4 but this is my first time being DPRK TUT. I've been scrolling through this subreddit and a lot of the tips is like be crazy and you can say what ever you want, is this true? like how would you actually go about it? any help would be appreciated TUT Thankss
User: INMUN 2025 Any Ryanites here, who'll be attending INMUN 2025??
User: How does one get involved in MUN? I am an Irish secondary school student and recently i did EYP national session as a delegate. Im trying to understand the structure and how does one apply and get involved in it. My school does not have a delegation. I've seen people talk about being delegates from particular countries on this sub and all in all i am very confused by everything. Could someone in simple terms describe kinda what it is and how i can get involved, what type of preparation i should do, costs etc. or link me to useful resources on the matter. Would also be helpful if anyone knows if it is like EYP in any capacity.
User: Drop one piece of advice that will for sure land you a position What is that one piece of advice that is ur holy grail and is soemthing that you live by when preparing for MUN. i really wanna win this MUN season it’s my last year and on top of that I have never won best del. please help a fellow delegate 😭
User: Kindly assist😭🙏🙏 First of all I am newbie. My topic -Post-War Reconstruction & Sustainable Urban Development in Conflict Zones. And i am representing as the delegate of The kingdom of Netherlands. I don't know what to do. Like literally nothing.
User: Tips for representing Italy in ECOSOC hey guys, this is my second MUN and I was allocated with Italy in ECOSOC and I am kinda lost, if yall could kindly give me some tips with italy, it would br much appreciated, thankuu🙏🏻🙏🏻
User: Suggest Suggestions for preparing ( Unhrc mainly )??
User: How do you make good detailed solutions I want to build nice solutions to specific agendas I don’t want to rely on chatgpt what is your go to tip to tackle this. How do you come up with genuinely effective solutions
User: I'm Canada in UNHRC, Agenda :- right to self defence and human rights violation in conflict zones Any advice or key points which could help me? PLEASE 😭
User: UNSC: Addressing the Humanitarian Crisis in Yemen. I'm Panama, what should I do? [Backgrounder](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SB0C6wojUdri7PmSKP5BedKRh78VMTHvRdGpcXWVvgQ/edit?usp=sharing) Hello I'm Panama in SC and IDK what to talk about really, and there are like 4 awards: Best Delegate(basically the winner), Outstanding (1st runner up), honorable mention (2nd runner-up), and Lester Pearson. IDK what to really do, help?
User: Quoting the UN docs??? N drop advice if you want (any sorts) I’m so confused people say quote the un docs etc reference them But how exactly do you référence un docs there are so many and how the hell do you quote the charter etc like I wanna sound cool saying according to UN charter blah blah but how? I’m just very stressed for up coming mun Even if you don’t know the answer just drop whatver advice you have
User: MUN, in Puebla Mexico guidance Please suggest what country should I choose, you can even debate (: Okay so I want you to help me choosing countries please. UNESCO Addressing an alternative for the protection of cultural heritage in zones of armed conflict as a fundamental pillar for post-war educational and cultural reconstruction. Countries: Federal Republic of Germany, People's Republic of China, United States of America, Ukraine, Syrian Arab Republic, State of Palestine and the Islamic Republic of Iran
User: What is a pré conference checklist What are the things that you need to need to have before your mun like A checklist like -pois - Position paper -what sort of research basically what r the things that I should have to call myself hundred percent prepared I don’t mean like paper pen charger like actual material
User: Anyone with chairing experience in morocco ? Looking for people who could chair an upcoming event, either French, Arabic or English. It's going to be held in morocco, if you're interested in chairing (or also participating), DM me ! also for anyone reading, have a great day <3
User: Solutions? How do you go about that I want to build nice solutions to specific agendas I don’t want to rely on chatgpt what is your go to tip to tackle this. How do you come up with genuinely effective solutions
User: MUNNNN!!! Anyone wanna do a exciting MUN in your city Faridabad NCR!!! DM on abhay.tewatia2 for details.
User: ICC Fictional Case Ideas Hey, i’m the chair of icc in my schools mun. I’ve got to prepare my case file, so I need some ideas for a court case from fiction (movies, series, etc). Last year we had a case out of the MCU, so this time i’m looking for something a little different. pls help🙏
User: useful tips for beginners! so ive been to quite a few muns and also have won awards so I know how hard or challenging it might be to start mun as a beginner... so here are some things that ive picked up on from my few (fun) experiences for mun! and also because my friends who are starting mun asked me for some advice so I thought id copy and paste + share it here too \^\^ for beginners trying out mun for the first few times, here is how id advice you all to approach your muns1. for your first (few) conferences, observing + learning is so much more important than a award observe+ ask-> become as active as you can, learn as you go 1. observe as much as you can for your first although muns are technically a competition, for your first few muns, remember despite all the fun or doom, observe. I find that observing is the most important thing in your first few muns. you might not know how to ask pois, thats fine, you might not be able to even talk in front of the crowd as all, thats also fine! find the most experienced (or the so called "best delegate" in your council, observe everything they say and run with it! you can even try to ask the the best delegations in your council, as they are generally very nice and would give you advice. 2. exposure therapy something I found extremely useful for me was after my first mun observing how the best delegates worked, was to be as active as I could during my next. in a mun, usually no one would remember you or even know your name at all so dont be worried about embarrassing yourself! be as active as you can, and learn as you go. you can ask "bad" or reluctant pois, but to get to a level where your debates are regarded as good, you need to get up from where you fall. something that helped me especially with my delivering of speeches was exposure therapy. I used to speak way to quietly and fast, but I tried to do as much speeches as possible (even if they were bad) and now I think my delivery has improved immensely. lastly, a few extra tips: \- if you want to improve on your debates and clashes, Id advice you to study the key clashes as much as you can! a structure I use for studying key clashes is SAC: Stance, arguments, counterarguments first find your stance (not overall but also the stance on the specific key clash that you are studying) , then find your opponents arguments, then create your own counterarguments. obviously there will be even more counter-counterarguments from other delegates but you can prepare for it and just repeat the SAC cycle all over again. So all of these tips really helped me with winning my first ever award on my third conference! hoped I helped you guys, you can dm me for more help
User: Best speech stuff So loves I need your help, I need to excel at muns right and the thing is I'm usually above average so I win like atleast the third price but I'm not the best. I can research and all but I can't really do speeches, can you gimme your heat speech hooks or speech tips. Or even if you have anything from the best speech you've ever heard that'd be great too. Thank you!!!
User: How to prepare an opening speech? So, İt's gonna be my first time so I really don't know anything. The conference is about ww2. There is gonna be 2 sides,England and France. I am Marie Pierre Koeing, he is a French general who then became a free leader. It actually used to be all the countries and everyone got a country. They wrote that we should talk more about our countries agenda items. I will assume that I gotta talk about the person they chose for me afterwards. But I don't know how to go about it. I asked a friend and she said that I should call myself as the "delegate of France", but ı'm not sure because ı'm not a delegate I am a person. It's also crisis, so it adds to the confusion. I don't know What am I gonna talk about, how am I gonna go about it or how to start and end it. İt would be helpful if you guys can write your opening speeches, especially if you were a specific person or was in a crisis commute. I can take all advices about everything too(even about the gossip boxes) because It's gonna be my first time. thanks to everyone in advance! 💝
User: rate my opening speech Honorable Chair, esteemed delegates, By the time this speech concludes, over one billion young people will have been excluded from a system that should represent them. In the 2019 UK general election, only 40% of young voters participated—this is a clear indication of youth disengagement. The United Kingdom proposes three solutions: First, lowering the voting age to 16, as seen in Scotland, to engage young voters early. Second, the implementation of digital voter registration to make the process more accessible. Lastly, the creation of youth-led political incubators to provide young people with leadership skills and experience in political processes. Delegates, the time to act is now. We must create innovative solutions where young people are not just participants, but leaders in shaping their future. This delegation would be interested in continuing this conversation through note. Thank you.
User: UNODC south korea So the agenda is combatting synthetic drug menace. Any sort of advice would be helpful. :)
User: first time chairing i need help😭 any tips?
User: rop of lok sabha committee i have an mun on 18th and i have no idea how lok sabha committee works and i need a little help with the position papers. if anyone can guide me pls dm
User: In a crisis comm with a good but bad portfolio.what should i do? I am in an AD HOC comm (crisis) . the agenda is able archer 83. Me and my double delegate are stanislav petrov who saved the world a few weeks before the able archer 83. Stanislav was only a lieutenant colonel but he did save the world that is the only thing he has going for him. I just wanted to ask what should i write in my directives which do not need andropov"s (seceratary general of soviet communist party) approval because i feel like i can not do anything and BTW i asked for a promotion and have been promoted to a colonel.
User: UNHRC CANADA Guys I'm a first timer help me on going ahead with representing Canada as my country in UNHRC please AGENDA :- Violation of human rights in conflict zones (russia-ukraine war and Palestine-israel) ALSO RIGHT TO self defence This is the whole agenda....
User: The International Legal Framework for Migration - US Policy and the Russia-Ukraine War Guys i have MUN tmr and im delegate of France in international law commission, and im new and i need to start writing my position paper, any tips or help? Thanks
User: Tips So my comittee is lok sabha. This is my 2nd mun . I am not really sure how should I prepare. Portfolio = mohua Moitra Agenda= Repealing sedition laws And freedom of speech How should I prepare. ??
User: Sponsorships We're excited to announce the first-ever edition of World Ascent MUN, happening this August! We're currently looking for sponsors to support this ambitious initiative. If you're interested in collaborating, feel free to contact me at +91 86574 40454.
User: Looking for Internships in any well reputed mun
User: Query regarding resolutions and position paper In the background guide I have received, various solutions for both the topics are given. Is it okay for me to consider them potential solutions I can put forward or should I make different ones (bc everyone will prob use them)? Also, since we have 2 topics, should I prepare 2 position papers + supplement?
User: Anyone in search of MUN I have a mun which has a prizepool of 30,000rs and its online and they give mandated e-participatiom ticket to help boost your college applications.If anyone interested message me for more details.
User: Tips for MUN I have my first mun soon, in the Committee of WHO and the agenda is "Countering misinformation about vaccines in order to prevent future pandemics" and my assignment is Kennedy Jr. I already know what his ideas about vaccines are, but how do I do a deeper research for my position paper and speech
User: Can you tell me if this is good for my MUN opening speech?? It’s my first ever MUN and I have special conference, China, and the topics of The issue of Women’s rights and gender equality. And the issue of promoting sustainability in the fashion industry to combat environmental degradation Here’s my speech: Honorable Chair, esteemed delegates, The delegation of the People’s Republic of China recognizes the importance of protecting women’s rights, achieving gender equality, and promoting sustainability in the fashion industry. China believes that women deserve equal opportunities in all parts of life — whether at school, in the workplace, or in positions of leadership. Over the past decades, China has made strong efforts to improve women’s rights through laws that support equal pay, access to education, and health care services. But we also understand that true equality is not achieved overnight — it requires continuous action, dialogue, and collaboration both within our country and with the international community. At the same time, China is aware of the serious environmental damage caused by fast fashion — including pollution, excessive waste, and the overuse of natural resources. As one of the world’s largest clothing producers, China is investing in new technology, greener manufacturing methods, and better labor practices — especially to protect women, who make up a large portion of the fashion workforce. We believe that progress means more than economic growth. It means respecting people and protecting the planet. China is committed to working with all nations to create a world that is fair, equal, and sustainable for everyone. Thank you chair, thank you delegates
User: any advice? hey guys! i have an upcoming mun this weekend and it is my 2nd mun. i got UNESCO - United Kingdom and the agenda is "Combating the Erosion of Youth Participation in Electoral Democracies" any advice on research or tips on how i should represent UK? any insights would help. thanks
User: tips going for my second mun in july. the first one happened two years ago and im not sure how it will go. any tips for a beginner and how am i supposed to talk bc i was silent in my first mun?
User: How can I make close friends through MUN? I’ve seen people around me become really close through MUN, building friendships that last for years. But since MUN is an activity where it’s hard to meet regularly, I wonder if it’s even possible to build close relationships with students from other schools. I really want to make close friends through MUN, but I don’t know how to go about it. If there’s anyone who has made close friendships through MUN, I would love to hear about your experience:）
User: I AM COOKED I'm going to a mun conference from the 23\~25th. Position Papers are dude this Friday and my country South Korea is so neutral for my topic, Israel and Palestine conflict. HELP
User: Anyone who is expert in MUN speeches Hello!!!!! My college MUN is coming.... And I want to know something from MUN experts about how to write flawless GSL and where do you write from like do you use AI tools???? And also mod caucus speeches... Kindly pls ignore my grammar mistakes... 🙏🏻🙏🏻 And pls guide me... 🙏🏻🙏🏻
User: Point of information that crushes ego ( and confidence) We have an interschool MUN competition, and the delegates from the other schools ( especially the organizing school) are known for their arrogance. They are also the overwhelming majority ( 90 students vs. 80 students from 8 schools ), and they gang up on other students. I want to give them the test of their own medicine tbh so help me out I want to know the general rule for POIs that crush the delegate's confidence, but here is my committee, topic and country if needed : UNODC Combating Transnational Crime: Balancing Security, Human Rights, and Sustainable Development in an Interconnected World Pakistan
User: am I cooked? Guys,so basically the country(my country is not on good terms with and there is a lot of tension between that country and mine) has suggested to be a part of communique and seems to have zero clue about the strained relations between us . HOW SHOULD I RESPOND BACK TO HER IN A PROFESSIONAL WAY when I talked to her for so long in casual😭😭😭😭😭 Helpppp
User: Attending MUNs dilemma lol I would love to do one. The only thing holding me back is my fear of debating. Im aware of how crucial the skill of diplomacy is, and I would love to master it. Im currently in grade 10, and have never ever attended one, but have only heard my classmates/friends talk about it. Im a hardcore introvert, and keep to myself a lot, and don’t do a lot of conversations. Debating is a BIG NO for me. But? I’d also love to network and meet new people across my city. Something out of my comfort zone, but i think its great to get out of it no? Im sort of politically unaware, and arent always updated with the current affairs. In 8th grade I told myself I’ll do in next year, in 9th I didn’t even bother, in 10th- I think it’s high time. Im probably here for the next 3 years only, might as well master my communicating skills till then. But omg. Can I not survive with this skill of diplomacy?? I’ve just been thinking a lot about how I’m so behind of others my age. They’re all socially and academically well groomed. I seem to do nothing. Do yall attend MUNs? How is it going for you? What do you recommend me to do?
User: Advise pleaseeeee So for context I am Pawan Kalyan in the AIPPM committee and the agenda is Assessing broadcasting bill 2023. Should I go with the same stance as NDA or should I have a neutral stance??
User: I am helping a first timer girl I am a chair in a model United Nations taking place this Saturday Sunday and al delegates and the eb is part of a group but I am not a admin because we are just there to observe. A first timer texted me asking for my allo and I clarified I am chair, she genuinely seemed lost though so I helped her a bit with committee procedure, she even called me and her voice seems genuinely very nice, I’m stuck in a dilemma should I pursue her or let her be, or maybe even try to take advantage of this situation. I am genuinely confused should I pursue her morally as a chairperson or not. REDDIT PLS HELP ME
User: Debating Community for us all to research better make friends and you know the rest Hey guys, we have made a community for debating people where we usually put our speeches for review showcases some events. If interested please join by clicking this - [Debating community ](https://chat.whatsapp.com/G7FYnAgQYlWD5c4hXrq1kQ)
User: France in unhrc okay so, I got France in unhrc and I’m so fucking cooked 😭 our agenda is about equality for disabled people in education (schools) and workplaces and stuff and empowering them and including them in society, how do I reply if someone brings up Muslim disabled people (considering yk… France’s Islamophobia)
User: HOW SHOULD I READ A MUN BACKGROUND GUIDE!!!:( I’m a beginner who started MUN recently. Tbh the background guide is just way too fucking long😭😭 its hard to even read it once a day, let alone everyday…… To all the experienced MUNers out there,how do you guys read background guide? Pls share your best tips for reading it comfortably!!!!!
User: VIETNAM Disec Its my first disec committee and I am representing vietnam. I have decided to form a bloc with the russian federation but on some further research I think that wasn't a so smart move as vietnam has good relations with usa too and bad relations with china who is in our blox How do i make this work?
User: Could anyone give me some advice for the upcoming WINMUN conference? I’m going to a new conference on MyMUN called WINMUN (see the link above). I am curious if anyone has experience with this kind of online crisis and can give some advice. Thanks!
User: Dmun guidance I got this message, I dont know what it means? Also can someone DM me for guidance within this MUN? \|\| \|\| \|You have received your Assignment for DMUN Model EU 2025!\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|Your Assignment is:Mario Nava: Director-General, Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support (DG REFORM), European Commission\|
User: Is anyone participating in HMUN India this year? Title.
User: First MUN I have America, in UNSC, I’m a fresher. Agenda is “Evaluating the effectiveness of international treaties in preventing the proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destructions and threat of Non-State Actors.” How do i represent this? What research should i do? Desperate for help, the MUN is this friday.
User: advice please!! UNGA - SPECPOL Agenda: Enhancing peace keeping operation and political stability of South Sudan: tackling hybrid threats and resource conflicts. I m representing Chad😭 Could anyone suggest me sites and topics on which I should research. This is my first UN committee and I have zero idea what to do 😭😭😭😭 I haven’t done anything yet and my MUN is on Saturday.i really need help 🙇‍♀️🙇‍♀️
User: SODMUN II 2025 \| Calling for all UAE Delegates! SODMUN II 2025 Delegate Applications Are Now Open! Mark your calendars for June 28-29, 2025, at University of Birmingham, Dubai and get ready for an unforgettable experience with five dynamic committees tailored to tackle the most pressing global issues at SODMUN. There are limited seats, so ensure you reserve a seat at the earliest. 📍Venue: University of Birmingham, Dubai 🏷 Delegate Fee: 150 AED 🔗 SIGN UP PAY LATER Registration Link: [https://forms.gle/rRfaVTV7K7pZt5iY7](https://forms.gle/rRfaVTV7K7pZt5iY7) 🔗 Pay NOW Registration Link: [https://forms.gle/VCYzsncF1nw6q4j47](https://forms.gle/VCYzsncF1nw6q4j47) 🗓 Registration Deadline: June 1st, 2025
User: I’m Japan in DISEC where the agenda is about disarmament in West Asia. I would appreciate any more tips on how I can use Japan to my advantage and I would be grateful for any advice. Currently, I have done 4 MUNs, I have 1 best delegate and 2 special mentions.
User: Online MUNs How has your experience been like with Online MUNs? I’m planning to get back into the circuit because I’ll be having much more time this year
User: MUNs any MUNS happening this month in dubai or online? i don’t have insta so don’t have as much network 💔 thank you!
User: I have been considering joining for sometime now. Looking for tips Hello. I don't know if this is too general of a question and thus violating, but I have been considering joining this organization for quite some time. I am looking for tips and advice from the members within here, just stuff that works for you, or even rescources on these matters. I'm looking for things such as: • How to persuade and appeal to your audience • How to carry yourself in a speech/debate • How to make your points clearer and more articulate • Conference etiquette Thank you in advance.
User: Do I have to pay attention to my mymun profile This year I will attend my first mun. And I am not sure about do I have to deisgn my profile. Like I dont want put my a picture of me on my profile photo. Is it necesery.
User: First timer First time being a rapporteur for the UNCSW committee does anybody have any suggestions for what research should i do and so?
User: Strange... I represented CUBA, I do know I did great... Yet wasn't awarded. I guess "a bit" of partiality... The committee should atleast be fair to all... Felt really disappointed today.
User: Is this a good format for a research paper? # 🔹 Title Page * Title of the Paper * Your name (e.g., Delegate of Papua New Guinea) * Institution or Committee (e.g., UN ECOFIN Committee) * Date # 🔹 Abstract (150–250 words) * A short summary of the research: what the issue is, why it matters, what you researched, and a brief summary of your findings or stance. # 🔹 1. Introduction * Define the problem/topic (e.g., CDDS and underperformance). * Briefly explain why this topic is relevant to your country (Papua New Guinea). * End with a thesis or research question. # 🔹 2. Background Information / Literature Review * Provide context. * Define terms (e.g., CDDS, volatility, etc.). * Mention any global or historical trends related to the issue. # 🔹 3. National Perspective / Economic and Social Context * Data and facts about your country's economy. * Sector-wise dependence (e.g., how PNG depends on commodities). * Challenges (poverty, governance, climate, conflict, etc.). # 🔹 4. Existing Policies and National Development Plans * Mention your country's plans (e.g., PNG Vision 2050, MTDP III). * Link to international frameworks (e.g., SDGs, Paris Agreement, etc.). # 🔹 5. Obstacles and Criticisms * Political, economic, environmental, or social hurdles. * International relationships that impact progress. * Case study (e.g., Bougainville issue). # 🔹 6. International Cooperation and Partnerships * Highlight foreign aid, international programs, trade partnerships. * Example: REDD+, Australian and U.S. partnerships, ADB support. # 🔹 7. Recommendations * Your solutions or strategies to improve PNG’s situation. * Should be feasible, relevant to PNG, and globally aligned. * Can be diplomatic, technical, or economic in nature. # 🔹 8. Conclusion * Restate key points and national stance. * Reaffirm importance of international support and reforms. # 🔹 9. References / Bibliography * Cite all sources (UN reports, official government documents, news outlets like Reuters, The Guardian, etc.) * Use MLA or APA format if required by your event.
User: My crisis tips (comprehensive) i have joined like 2 crises (jcc and normal crisis) and i may have not won any (mostly bcs i get lazy and underprepared) but i have joined several conventional ones with like 3 awards ig (i may or may not be qualified enough for this) BUT i have a very solid idea on how to do well in crisis based on those 2 experiences. (i wrote this in gdocs lol) *Grading criterias:* its different in conventional councils that grade it evenly about your activeness and on your speeches and performances etc. When youre joining crisis, 60% of your entire grading depends on backrooms (usually). So regardless how well you do your speeches and perform in your frontrooms (substance, impact, etc.), if you dont take action about what you SAID in the backrooms by making directives etc. or underperforming in backrooms you wont be able to get higher awards. What chairs are looking for is balance. so they dont want you too strong on frontrooms or too strong in backrooms but lacking in frontrooms. if you're able to be strong on both and BALANCED, you are more likely to get higher awards. *Consistent performance:* besides balance they also highly look into consistency. this is so so so important! I cant stress this enough. let's say you are balanced in both front and backrooms, but if your activeness is in ups and downs it will not look good on you towards the chairs. As a strong delegate you need to be able to allocate your time evenly and be consistent. You maintain a consistent high standing and relevance! How id like to think of it is: being able to allocate even amount of activeness + energy throughout all comses >>> being super strong and active in one comses/first day and dying down the next. this goes the same in directives! while you may send lots of directives after in later comses, but chairs can still see that you barely responded to crisis updates or wrote directives in the beginning. Chairs usually like it better if you maintain a constant position and relevance all the time rather than strong weak strong weak then weak again. But honestly this can also be a matter of stamina, so try to think about your own stamina and try to predict how to allocate your stamina properly to be consistent throughout. Id like to think its better for you as a delegate to be getting better as the conference goes on rather than weaker. Moreover if you think about it your relevance as delegate may be hard to be kept up by doing so since youre so inconsistent in your activeness/actions. *Speed + response:* the reason why the backrooms made crisis updates is usually they have a flow of debate they have in mind and expect the delegates to respond about it. So lets say youre pretty strong in the council but you keep ignoring the crisis updates and just bring debates to some irrelevant issue (maybe its a very old crisis update) youre essentially ignoring the backrooms and that is a big NO. While yes responding to crisis updates are good but you should be able to respond them as quick as possible too! There some cases where (this is very exaggerated but it happens) some delegates being very slow in terms of responding to crisis updates. Theyd write a response to the update with a directive but that being 2 comses late…. While its great you responded, at that point your response is most likely irrelevant already and hard to pass due to the late timeline. So Mundane-Progress3034 what should i do to be balanced and consistent and relevant? Personally i recommend pre-drafting your directives (not all chairs allow this but just keep that a secret yea?) for the beginning. by doing so, you wont have to worry as much about being active in the beginning and focusing on the present e.g. delegate discussions etc. If youre willing to go so extra, make a timeline and/or mind map for yourself. A timeline for example would be just drafting all the comses and preparing directives for each comses or how you want each comses to turn out. Or a mindmap with possible directions that the flow of the debate will go or what chaos will ensue. This was a tip given to me by someone who was a crisis pro. Essentially, be super prepared. \---> essentially, im saying to plan your *crisis arc!* *Writing directives:* im sure lots of you got tips to always have 5w + 1h when writing directives. Dont get me wrong, that IS good but people tend to forget the other things such as: relevance and realisticness/feasibility to be exact. Also im not against short directives thats okay, it doesnt have to be long (im not sure for varsity level though but this is based on my highschool experience) but make sure pleaseee, that its specific. You may have been active in sending directives and youre so fast yay! But again QUALITY OVER QUANTITY. Okay going back, maybe youre active in directives and theyre specific (5w + 1h) but wait you got… honmen????? Okay that is still a good award and you should still be proud of yourself but youre wondering what went wrong and that you could do better you know it… and how are you going to clutch that best directive? Well thats where relevance and realisticness/feasibility comes in! Every time youre writing/drafting a directive before we go into the writing with the 5w + 1h etc. lets consider: is it relevant (how will this impact the council? is it relevant at the current time?)? You may have sent a beautifully specific and well written directive and wait… its about sending aid to another country in need but WHAT? Your country is in total crisis internally and its slowly killing up your forces… well then that directive is irrelevant because you also forgot to prioritize yourself, FOR EXAMPLE. This may not have been the best example but you get the point. Then you also think about the impact. Sometimes your directives are good and realistic but it really doesnt do much impact to the council. Maybe a more impactful and crazy directive like killing someone might just top yours. Although there is an extent to how much crazy directives you should send but it’ll make you stand out among backrooms. So how can i make an impactful directive but make sure im okay? Well thats where realisticness/feasibility comes around. You got to make sure that your directive wont backfire and its within your character/country’s capabilities and resources! But if you know it may backfire you should prepare backup directives to support that. if you got these covered im sure your directives are going to turn out MUCH better. *FOLLOW YOUR STANCE:* this still stays the same regardless the council. Typically youre given a dossier with your character’s details, private goals, resources, abilities etc. the chairs made you this to follow and use, and so do so to your advantage! Stick to your stances so i what i mean is don’t just suddenly go helping china when youre the US (this is a very general example). This will look very badly on you regardless on how great your speeches and performance were; youre going against what your country/character would do. it can cut down alot of grading points and show that you dont rlly know your character because youre not well verse enough to what youre allocated and lack doing research. even if alot of people disagree with your stance, youre sticking to your character. Chairs usually appreciate it if you standout and are in character rathert than one who stands out but does so very differently than what their characters would do. you are allocated a character/country for a reason, and that is to represent them. if you dont then you missed the whole point of it. again always research and always think: will my character/country do this? *know when to speak and when to not speak:* while speaking alot is good, speaking alot with bad substance will just make you look like a weak delegate. In a conference i joined before, a delegate got most outstanding, he may have only spoken 5 times but his substance is good and he knew when to speak and not, but still bring impact to the council. Tthats why he got such a high reward. Compared to let say speaking to every comses with little to know substance and just there to "speak" will most likely give you verb com award at the highest. You need to ensure that you bring relevance and impact to your speeches. speaking with no substance CAN cut down points. So how can you bring substance to your speeches? LISTEN. besides researching, it can only get you so far. relevance in the present can only come from truly being attentive throughout discussions + the crisis updates the backrooms send. then you write down the main points and respond to them and GIVE solutions or call to action! Lastly, crisis is a *LEARNING CURVE.* You may have been doing well in conventional councils but crisis isnt the same, that means you shouldnt treat it like one. Look at it in a new perspective, like youre starting mun from the beginning again, no, now youre a beginner all over again and you need to LEARN. No one gets it perfectly the first time (or at least not everyone) and you only get better by doing more and more! Do not be ashamed when youre doing horribly the first time, trust me loads of people do. Crisis is so fast paced, and theres so much to do. You really only get used to it by doing more of it and theres nothing to ashamed about that. What i like to see it as that you keep wanting to learn and thats the best characteristic of all! You’re learning to get better and better. Lets face it, theres always someone better than you and thats FINE. That gives you more the reason to keep learning and learning to be your best self. (well this is what id like to tell myself haha, but words dont draft like this in my mind) HOPE IT HELPSSS <3
User: Got USA IN SC and I have a procedural doubt given that our Agenda is about water conflicts and that transboundary conflicts on water are a security threat. I wanted to ask, given that the trump regulation, under the mask of heavy industrialization and america first shit has overruled Obama's clean water rule, could I make just Issue a directive as to fix that under the UNA-USA MUN procedures? Also, could I make a separate directive in the committee to align NATO states, not under the resolution?
User: Online MUN in India Y'all im thinking of hosting an MUN online. Is anyone interested in joining the team? (We've literally just started so we're looking for anyone with a good amount of experience.) DM me for more details!
User: Has anyone participated in the WINMUN conference? I found it here on MyMUN (https://mymun.com/conferences/winmun-i-2025) and they seem to be the only online conference offering crisis committees. Curious if anyone has ever participated in one of these before. Seems like good practice but let me know.
User: Mod speech making Im delegate of bangladesh in UNHRC the mod caucus topics are: -Reinforcing the Principle of Non-Refoulement Amid Growing Xenophobia against refugees and idps -(Sol) Bridging legal gaps and strengthening global solutions for refugees and IDPs WHAT ALL CAN I ADD IN MY SPEECHES I HAVE INCLUDED IN EVERY SPEECH ABT THE ROHINGYA REFUGEES N ALL TOO MUCH I WANNA DO SOMETHING UNIQUE AND ADD SMTHING DIFF
User: CRISIS-Multiple IED Blasts at Jammu Tawi (LeT claims responsibility) Portfolio- S JAISHANKAR Plan of Action Diplomatic Briefing Post-Clearance MEA will act on evidence officially cleared by MHA/PMO and frame it into a diplomatic brief for allies and multilateral platforms. Formal Protest to Pakista Foreign Secretary to issue a demarche holding Pakistan accountable for enabling cross-border terror, without direct attribution to specific groups. MEA–MHA Strategic Coordination Enhance coordination on: Tightened visa and travel restrictions. Shared border watchlists for high-risk individuals. Multilateral support for legal action against operatives. Allied Engagement & Multilateral Action Secure core partner support (US, UK, France, UAE, Japan) for joint condemnation. Approach complex partners (Russia, China) post-alignment to avoid diplomatic pushback. Narrative Management MEA to conduct global outreach via press briefings, missions, and diaspora — focusing on India’s responsible stance and the need for global unity. Objectives: Mobilize global support to diplomatically isolate Pakistan and combat cross-border terrorism. Strengthen MEA–MHA coordination to align internal security with foreign policy tools. Outcomes: Pros: Positions India as a mature diplomatic actor leading counter-terrorism efforts globally. Ensures seamless coordination between internal intelligence and external messaging. Cons: Action may be delayed due to evidence clearance protocols. Risk of diplomatic friction with nations having strategic ties with Pakistan.
User: Crisis Ideas Hi! Im the director of a comitee in my high school's MUN I can't seem to think of any possible crisis to fit my theme, made up or not Just for the sake of the secrecy of my comitee, I won't say which theme it is exactly. But it a Security Council about a cold war proxy war that occured in the 50s Does anybody have any ideas?
User: First online MUN. Hi. So I just got in the DMUN Model EU. My assignment is Ghana: Ernest Addison (Governor, Bank of Ghana) (Non European Central Bank state), European Central Bank. I have no clue what to do and any help would be appreciated. Thanks.
User: Working paper advice Im the delegate of Bangladesh in UNHRC and my agenda is reinforcing global commitments to safeguard the rights of refugees and internally displaced persons I HAVE NEVER WRITTEN A WORKING PAPER WHAT ALL DO I INCLUDE IN IT AND IN WHAT ORDER PLEASE HELP
User: Wishlist Countries If you had a wishlist of countries you could be what would be your top 3? Mine are probably China, Japan, and Indonesia. What can I say, I'm a sucker for Asian countries lol
User: Lok Sabha ( india) How does lok sabah session takes place?? Ant idea? My portfolio is mohua Moitra and the topic is Repealing sedition laws . How should I prepare?
User: First time MUN with Afganistan Hi Im going to my first MUN in a couple of weeks and I have to write my position paper soon. My problem is: I cant find any relevant articles or mentions of Afghanistan and Im a bit lost on how to write my position paper from there on Does anyone have any sources or tips?
User: WAR CABINET I've a war cabinet today at 9pm How does a war cabinet work and what happens can anybody explain please?
User: MUN first timer, which country should I pick? Hello everyone. I will be attending my first MUN this year. Its taking place in a uni (im in hs) and I'm participating as an individual (without school) so I'm nervous. I have picked UNCSW - Reproductive Rights of Women and Abortion Rights, addressing policy reforms, ethical debates, and the global landscape of women's healthcare. Will the world move toward empowerment or restriction? UNHRC - Humanitarian Crisis in Conflict-Prone Regions, addressing the role of international aid, refugee protection, and conflict resolution. Will diplomacy pave the way for a just and humane future? What country should I pick? This might be the only MUN I ever participate in so I want to win something hopefully. Please help!
User: Poi for best delegates So I have a question, did you guys aim for the best del position in the first place? And how was your performance in order to achieve that award?
User: i'm organizing a charity conference! STEM MUN For Changemaking \| July 5–6 Where science meets diplomacy – from geoengineering to Mars crisis debates. Open to high school, uni & gap year students. Early bird ends May 20! Proceeds go to charity for educational access. Not joining? You can still contribute to the cause. Register now: [https://mymun.com/conferences/stem-mun-2025/](https://mymun.com/conferences/stem-mun-2025/) Queries: [mun@young4stem.com](mailto:mun@young4stem.com)
User: How to do journalism? guys I usually do UN committees, and have no experience in IP. I am going to a MUN as a journalist and i don't know what to do. its not press corps. so can anyone please explain what we have to do and what points are worth focusing on and what are not? some tips would be a really great help.thnks!
User: Mun ok sooo im participating in a MUN and its in two weeks and I haven't done anything so guys please help me with my research. Portfolio- CANADA Agenda- Examining the use of economic sanctions as political weapons with special emphasis on the Tariff War. Guys please write whatever you can, research , facts with sources and if possible a speech please. And can somebody tell about canadas foreign policy and everything related to this topic and agenda.
User: International civil servant Hi guys! I am from India. (24 F). I recently came across International Civil Service and want to know how to join it. While googling, i feel its very confused. If anyone could suggest it would be of great help. Also, I would love to know what exams should we write. Sincerely,
User: Created this guide for first-time MUN delegates to feel more confident in public speaking—any feedback welcome! Created this guide for first-time MUN delegates to feel more confident in public speaking—any feedback welcome! [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=\_ZAS6ytiD-w](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZAS6ytiD-w) Covers: speech structure, debate formats, rebuttals, and closing techniques. Would love to hear what worked for you in your first conference or what you'd add!
User: How do I represent Afghanistan in MUN? in an upcoming MUN, I am assigned the delegate of Afghanistan. It's UNODC and the agenda is organized crime and the impact it has on human rights and the development of a country. I'm not sure about how I'm supposed to defend Afghanistan in this, can ya'll suggest ways in which I can get points?
User: How do I win best delegate here? Looking for some tips and prep hacks hi, my mun is TMRW, its my second time and they send the allocations yesterday; im sudan in unicef with the agenda being preventing child militarization; i was thinking of being a sort of "bad guy", like a nuanced realist approach that obviously agrees with child militarization being bad but also looking at it realisticly because we know all those laws and regulations are forgotten in conflict zones. i was thinking of talking about stuff like how the 50% of the population is under 18, so legally half of our population cant work? and other stuff regarding how like its not just a black and white picture but a living reality for a lot in the world. i really could use tips, thank you so much in advance!
User: Secretary General Previous Secretary General’s what were you asked during your interview? And are there any common and specific questions asked during the interview for SG? If there are can you tell them? Please Thank you!
User: General debate statement by Unknown	I give you the greetings of the Government and people of Liberia. In particular, I give you greetings from William V. S. Tubman, our beloved President, whose pronouncement on foreign policy at the time when he launched his administration, was made in these immortal words: “The good neighbour policy enunciated and being propagated by the Government of the United States of America, upon whose system of government our own is modeled and whose friendship has heretofore been traditionally sympathetic, is now becoming more actual, dynamic and material. The provisions of the Atlantic Charter, formulated and attested to by the same great Government, as well as by the Government of Great Britain, seem to me to be so basically correct, just and broad that they are capable of uplifting mankind universally to the highest plane of freedom and self-determination; the only test is their belief in. and devotion to the principles made profert therein and their willingness to act and live in consonance with its grand and ideal provisions. These two nations have thereby attracted and attached me all the more to their general national and international aims, as well as by the fact of the democratic character of their national institutions, which would seem to dictate that the closest possible co-operation and collaboration with them and their allies should be sought by us and realized. “We shall therefore aim at cultivating the closest possible friendly relations with those Governments and shall endeavour to identify ourselves most intimately with them in making practical the four freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from fear, and freedom from want, which they have proclaimed to the world and which we shall expect to apply in equal measure to ourselves. “In seeking to effect this, mutual confidence must be created by the faithful and honest performance of obligations, by a solemn regard for engagements and by sacrifices and contributions to the fullest extent of our powers.” Following up this commitment — the deeds bear evidence of full and eventual fruition — these words are a happy augury of the dawn of a new day in Liberia. They are the precursors of the attainment of the full stature of the greatest ideals man still strives for: liberty, equality, fraternity; they are also the precursors of those things which ensure the achievement of the standards set by almost the greatest charter of human liberty, the United Nations Charter, which is rivalled only by the Magna Carta, the Declarations of Independence of the United States of America and of the Republic of Liberia, and the Atlantic Charter, which enunciates the four freedoms, ideals indeed which are not only attainable but must be attained ere we have a lasting and abiding peace. For, so long as inequities and injustices exist on one of God’s broad acres, there will be no peace. May I here and now declare that the simple but beautiful and altruistic words of the Preamble of our Charter state in succinct essence the dreams of great-souled and good men throughout the ages. Their achievement has been prevented by the base, the mean, the low-bred, the coward, the cheat, the dishonest, the gross, the ignorant men of varying low complexes, who believe they are better than others. They are the men who teach and practice intolerance, hatred, dissension, racism — ignoble men who have left in their wake suffering, murder, carnage, rape, slavery, human bondage, death, destruction, hell and damnation. They are no better than Hitler, Mussolini, Goebbels, Goering, Heydrich, Himmler and Julius Streicher, the Jew-baiter. These types constitute the problems which must claim consideration; for so long as they are permitted to pursue their course at an even tenor, there will be no peace. How hard is it to dispose of such types? Abiding faith, as expressed in the Preamble of the Charter, in the fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small; the essential human requirements of practising tolerance, living together in peace with one another as good neighbours; the outlawing of the use of armed force or other forms of pressure; the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples — all these are definitely means of solving this acute problem. In addition, it will be necessary that sham, hypocrisy, make-believe, deception and some forms of what is called diplomacy be eliminated; that men face the hard facts of life, of justice and of fair play, of honour and dignity, of boldness and fearlessness, of insistence against wrong, injustice and advantage. These things cannot be resolved over night. They require the greatest exercise of patience and of tolerance, the greatest effort and willingness to compromise, sympathize and understand the point of view of each other; the willingness to give and to take, the ignoring of petty differences in the effort to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number: I mean by this the preservation of the essential human rights, liberty, equality and fraternity. I want to tell you that every single human creature is the object of God’s greatest interest and care, so that as long as one single shred of injustice exists on this globe there will be no peace. Only when every man regards his fellow man as entitled to justice, fair play and an opportunity to live, only when we ensure an even justice for all, shall there be peace. Only when we liberate all who are held in any form of bondage of the slightest degree, when every set of people, according to their ethnic group, shall determine how they prefer to live, will there be that lasting peace we all so much desire and talk about. I believe that each time that an injustice is perpetrated by one person against another, punishment follows in some form, even if it takes time, so that when one group of people or one nation takes advantage of another, retribution follows, either from within or without, for that breach of the perfect law of God, as well as of those of mankind, products of the Divine within man. Sometimes the process is indirect, and each nation pays for its national or group sins either directly or indirectly. Have no fears, this is inexorable, inescapable. Whenever advantage is taken, it is paid for in some form, even if the course be circuitous. The heroes and heroines of the two great wars fought for ideals which we, their representatives, seemed never truly to have appreciated, for, otherwise, we should consider war a serious business, and the means of preventing it would not be hedged in on so many sides by discrimination between right and wrong, insofar as their meaning is applicable in the world today, more specifically, between the weak and the strong, the small and the great. I have never heard that the words “right” and “wrong” have two meanings. It is my opinion, in fact, my strong conviction, that wrong, no matter where found or in whom, is wrong; this is equally true of right. The United Nations should, therefore, have one yardstick by which to determine the actions of all nations, so that whoever is wrong is wrong, and whoever is right is right. When that is determined, the wrong should be immediately remedied and the right upheld. I dare not criticize the combined wisdom of the nations of the world, but I am of the conviction that this great body must determine, once and for all, how it will proceed in the future against wrong. It is my opinion that you, the great nations, should be the champions of the smaller ones; you should lend them sympathetic assistance and support; you should not interfere in their internal affairs unless you find them wholly incompatible with right; even then, your effort should be to help them; and I am certain that there is not a single small nation that would not immediately accept fair friendly advice and every form of sympathetic assistance. I wish to conclude these remarks by praising the efforts of the good men and women and true, like Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, Aristide Briand, Prince Nikolas, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, my hero and second greatest man in American history, Winston Churchill, General de Gaulle, Edith Cavell, Mrs. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the heroes of Stalingrad and particularly Marshal Zhukov, the heroes of Arnhem, the heroes of “D” Day, of Leyte, all those who fought on the home and battle fronts, those promising youths and maidens who laid down their lives as a never to be forgotten sacrifice for peace. They, both the living and the dead, are crying out loudly for peace. Shall we fail them on account of selfishness, on account of national self-interest, on account of rivalry, on account of unwillingness to understand each other, on account of the suppression of truth, on account of unwillingness to give and to take? I do not believe that the combined intelligence of the world, as it worked together in war and won, cannot work together in peace and win. Here, and at our respective homes, are the waiting peoples, waiting to settle down to true, happy and contented living — our beautiful and innocent children who again must die if we do not solve the problems of the peace. It can be done, it must be done, it will be done. You can do it, you must do it, you will do it. To that end, I assure you, the Liberian Government and its delegation here are solemnly dedicated.
User: General debate statement by Ukraine	The day before yesterday the head of the delegation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Mr. Molotov, made in his speech a masterly analysis of the post-war world situation; he showed that, in world politics, there are two trends which have been reflected in this chamber during the debate in the General Assembly. The representatives of one of these tendencies insist on the necessity of continued co-operation between the great Powers which won the war by their common efforts; they regard peaceful competition between two systems differing in their social and political foundations as essential and they consider it necessary to recognize the new democracies which have arisen in eastern Europe and particularly in the Balkans. The representatives of the other tendency seek to establish world domination, domination over other peoples, over States which are their equals in rights; at the same time, by means of military and economic, penetration and political and economical pressure, they arc attempting to put into execution a programme which sometimes seems plausible in that the establishment of a sort of United States of Europe, or even of a world government, is contemplated. The head of the Soviet delegation has shown that the clamour raised here in connexion with the. alleged “veto” forms an integral part of this offensive of the partisans of world domination. In saying this, I allude to the proposal made by the delegations of Australia and Cuba on the necessity for reviewing Article 27 of the Charter of the United Nations. What is the political essence of this Article? This Article establishes the principle of the unanimity of the five great Powers on problems relating to the maintenance of peace and security; furthermore, it implies the moral and, so to speak, legal obligation to reach, in regard to questions in dispute, solutions satisfactory to the five great Powers. It is quite obvious that without this the United Nations Organization cannot exist, or work, or solve the problems on its agenda. It may be said that this Article crystallizes the experience of that war-time collaboration which led to the defeat of the enemy, to the restoration of peace and to the creation of the United Nations Organization. There are those, however, who are dissatisfied with this situation and desire to change it, who would like disagreement in the place of unanimity, perpetual discussion in the place of concord, dispute in the place of co-operation. These men cannot wage open warfare against the principle of the unanimity of the five great Powers without compromising themselves in the eyes of world public opinion. For this reason they adopt circuitous means. Nevertheless, their real intention is to sap the very idea of the collaboration of the five great Powers, the only guarantee of peace. They are engaged in a fight, a “democratic” fight, against the alleged principle of the veto. It is the policy of these people which the proposals of the delegations of Cuba and Australia are supporting. Anyone who reads the Charter of the United- Nations will have no difficulty in seeing that nowhere does it mention the so-called right of veto. The term is not even to be found in the Charter. How did this word come into our discussions? As we all know, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United States of America, the 1 United Kingdom, China and France have the same right, in the Security Council, to require that when a matter essential to the safeguarding of peace and security comes before the Council, the solution should be accepted by each of these five States. At the same time, these great Powers are under the same obligation to seek an agreement before settling any problem. Finally, none of the five great Powers is entitled to a privileged situation as compared with the other members of the Security Council. Consequently, all that has been said about the veto is nonsense. It has no relation to reality and is pure invention from start to finish, for purposes which have nothing to do with safeguarding peace and security. Nevertheless, the appearance of the proposals put forward by the delegations of Cuba and Australia does not seem to me to be accidental. In recent months, and more particularly since the opening of the Peace Conference, the States which, in a certain sense, have met with defeat, have, with a view to revenge, set on foot a campaign which has had the effect of poisoning public opinion. Certain aspects of this campaign recall methods of propaganda which have been condemned by history and, more recently, by the Nürnberg tribunal. Strange as it may appear, this propaganda is being carried on under the eyes of the United Nations, under the eyes of the Governments which declare themselves powerless to prevent it because freedom of the press and freedom of speech exist in their respective countries. I said that this appears strange, because freedom of opinion, interpreted in this manner, amounts to a kind of immunity conferred on war-mongers and aggressors. To what does this interpretation of freedom of opinion lead? The experience of the war and of Fascism has already shown. It appears strange for another reason, because this conception leads to the stifling of the voice of the advocates of peace, which is drowned by this militarist propaganda. This is proof that such propaganda is by no means fortuitous, that it is deliberate and organized. Everywhere there is talk of a new war, and those who talk are not irresponsible persons. Ambassadors, former ambassadors, deputies, senators, professional soldiers and their military advisers, who express the opinion of their chiefs, all speak of a future war. Should it be necessary, my delegation is prepared to lay before the General Assembly a remarkable file containing declarations of this kind. Therein you will find references to the necessity of using the atomic bomb in the next war, of keeping the monopoly of this weapon for a particular State. I would remind you that the Australian Foreign Minister, Mr. Evatt, stated at the Paris Conference that in the era in which we are living, the era of the atomic bomb, frontiers have lost their significance. These words at once caused alarm and anxiety among the small nations and particularly the populations under mandate. Such a state of affairs did not exist after the war of 1914-1918. Doubtless, the importance of this propaganda should not be exaggerated. Those who know its mechanism, and those who, moreover, are aware of the state of mind of the masses who desire peace do not consider these rumours of a new war as a genuine expression of the public opinion of any one country. Only the blind, or the mad, or criminals can believe that after all the bloodshed suffered by the peoples in the course of the last war it is still possible to rouse the masses to undertake new wars. Such attempts have been made in the course of history, in particular after the war of 1914-1918; they ended in the discomfiture of those who initiated them, and their political prestige suffered greatly. But these attempts have left an unpleasant memory in the minds of the peoples. May I again recall Marshall Stalin’s recent remarks, although they have already been quoted? The rumours of a new war have been spread chiefly by military agents and find little credence among civilians. These rumours are employed: 1. To frighten with the spectre of war certain naive politicians from among their opponents and thereby help their Governments to wrest more concessions from them; 2. To make it difficult for some time to reduce the military budgets of their countries; 3. To check the demobilization of troops and thereby prevent a rapid increase of unemployment in their countries. Nevertheless, propaganda of this land cannot be carried on without leaving some traces. It leads inevitably to the straining of relations between the Allies; it hampers the work of the United Nations and its various organs; it discredits this Organization and undermines the confidence of the widest circles of public opinion in it. At the same time, it creates a psychological atmosphere which enables certain irresponsible elements to put forward proposals and schemes which by fostering suspicion, mistrust and intrigue sow the seeds of disorder within the United Nations itself. The proposal made by Cuba and Australia appears to us to be an echo of this war propaganda. This proposal is a fresh attempt, after so many which have failed, to bring pressure on the Soviet Government by creating the impression that the Soviet Union enjoys a privileged position in the Security Council, as a result of which it oppresses the majority and prevents the Council, so to speak, from taking decisions. In reality, quite a different purpose is in view. The aim of the proposal is to form a group of States which desire to establish a monopoly within the United Nations and to place the States which are in a minority in such a situation that they are no longer able to defend themselves and resist the tyrannical policy of the majority. It must be stated here that attempts are being made to mask this offensive by giving it a pseudo-democratic and pseudo-pacifist form by speaking of the sovereign equality of all the nations and of the necessity of efficacious measures for the defence of peace. The problem of equality among nations cannot be treated in the abstract. In the first place it cannot be considered without taking into account the material destruction which each State has suffered and the sacrifies which it has accepted in order to take part in the war and the victory, and at the same time, to lay the foundations of peace. Moreover, it is generally recognized that the various States contributed to the war effort in differing degrees. And if the contribution of a State such as Cuba, for example, was not very large, it might be increased if Cuba refrained from opposing the application of the principle of the unanimity of the five Great Powers as the basis and guarantee of peace. Secondly, when speaking of equality, account must also be taken of the size of a country’s territory and the number of its inhabitants. Mr. Molotov quoted the example of Cuba. Cuba has four and a half million inhabitants; Australia has seven million inhabitants; the United States of America one hundred and thirty million, the Soviet Union one hundred and ninety million, China four hundred million. If the system of equality is applied, the vote of one Cuban is equal, on the international plane, to the votes of one hundred Chinese. Does not all this remind you of certain out-of-date systems of electoral representation? Moreover, Mr. President, you are acquainted in your own country with the system of voting under which a privileged voter has at his disposal a number of votes. I really do not think that this is an ideal system. In the third place, equality of rights pre-supposes equality of obligations; for example, it is obvious that Cuba and Australia cannot have the same responsibility for the maintenance of peace and security as each of the five Great Powers. Certain States possess equal rights in the United Nations Organization, but their obligations are too few, and the result is that they are in a privileged situation. The representative of Belgium, who claims to be a pacifist, assured us that the experience of nine months' work in the Security Council had shown that the Great Powers were incapable, owing to interminable discussions amongst themselves, of safeguarding peace and security. Arbitrators there must be. Small nations can play this part; nevertheless, the experience which we have gained during our work in the Security Council shows that the small and medium-sized countries represented in that Council have not performed this function. On the contrary, in the discussions and disputes between the great States they have always taken the side of one group of States against the others. This is sufficiently borne out by the statistics. For example, the Security Council has had to deal with eight political questions, and on all these eight questions the result of the voting was the same with mathematical regularity, namely nine to two. The assertion that the small and medium-sized States can play the part of arbitrators was contradicted by the experience of the League of Nations. The policy of the League of Nations proved incapable of saving the world from Munich and from war. The representative of the United States of America, Mr. Austin, dealt in his speech with Article 27 of the Charter. He stated that he was opposed to the revision of this Article because he considered that a revision would be premature. But the United States delegation, according to its own statements, reserves the right to place the question of the revision of the Charter at the first opportunity on the agenda of the General Assembly. Mr. Austin stated that many misunderstandings could be obviated if the voting procedure accepted at San Francisco were defined more clearly and with a broader scope. The United States delegation well remembers that the text of Article 27 was the result of an agreement between the Great Powers, arrived at after the lively discussions of the San Francisco Conference. There is nothing in this Article which is not perfectly clear. Moreover, should any point be obscure, proper provision has been made in the declaration of the four States, including France, which laid down the voting procedure for the reference of any question to the Security Council. It would appear that the proposal of the Cuban and Australian delegations is intended to prepare the way for a further discussion of this most embarrassing question of the revision of the Charter, which is taking up so much time. We hope that the United States delegation will dissipate certain doubts and explain its point of view more clearly in the Committee which will examine the question of Article 27. All is not going well in the Security Council. But if the situation there is really abnormal, Article 27 of the Charter is not the cause; the cause is that every reasonable proposal submitted by the minority comes up against the stone wall of the majority. Between February and October 1946, eight major political problems were submitted to the Security Council. In all these political questions the majority always voted against the minority. This was a defense line which it was impossible to cross with the Iranian, Greek, Spanish, Lebanese and other questions. Now, after this experience in which the majority dictated its will to the minority, the Anglo-Saxon majority desires to go even further. It wishes to create a monopoly for its own benefit in the Security Council. It is because tendencies of this kind exist that Article 27 must not be revised and must remain as it now is. It creates an obligation for the majority to seek a solution in agreement with the minority. Moreover, one cannot fail to emphasize that the proposal to revise Article 27 also affects the interests of the small and medium-sized countries. Can you imagine for one instant the situation in which these nations might have found themselves if Article 27 had been abolished and if the group of the great Powers had dominated the Security Council? Obviously this situation might have weighed very heavily on the state of affairs in the small and medium countries, which would have been obliged to accept all the proposals submitted. There is no need to search far for examples. Thus, the General Assembly will be called upon perhaps to deliberate on the treatment of the Indian population in its territory by the Government of the Union of South Africa. The delegation of India well knows that the Soviet Republics, which have solved the problems of nationality in accordance with the principle of self-determination, cannot take up any position other than that of the defence of the Indian population. To take another example, the General Assembly is about to consider the proposal of the delegation of the Union of South Africa for the annexation of the territory of South West Africa. It has already been pointed out that this proposal is in contradiction with the Charter of the United Nations, which enjoins the Members of the Organization to help the Governments of Non-Self-Governing Territories in their progress towards self-government and independence. Naturally, the Soviet Union voted also against this extraordinary proposal which is a breach of the elementary rights of a coloured population, on the sole ground that it is not a white people. You will also remember that a few days ago the delegation of the Philippines raised a violent objection to Article 27 of the Charter. Allow me to remind you of one fact: it was not the delegation of the Philippines which asked that the question of the employment of Japanese troops against the population of Indonesia should be placed on the agenda of the Security Council. It was the Soviet Union that requested this. In spite of this, if one day the General Assembly is faced with the problem of the real independence of the Philippines, the Philippine delegation may rest assured that the Soviet delegation will uphold the Philippine people in their just and legitimate claims. It is not Cuba, but the Soviet Union which demands the rupture of diplomatic relations with Franco. The representative of Cuba, that great democrat who says that he demands the revision of the right of veto, made a speech here in which he defended Franco and, allow me to say, some passages in his statement recall the scandalous speeches of certain defenders in the Nürnberg trials. This situation is not due to chance. The Soviet delegations are not under the political or economic dependence of any State whatsoever. They act freely in conformity with their principles and convictions. We are told that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is making excessive use of Article 27 and that, consequently, it is necesary to consider placing restrictions on the exercise of the rights derived from this Article in the Security Council. It is even desired to deprive the Soviet Union of the right to express its dissent from proposals which infringe its interests or those of other friendly or allied States. It is desired, at least, to give this dissent a form so innocuous, so platonic, that it will no longer be able to prevent a certain group of States from making themselves masters of the United Nations. Since we are on the subject of abuses, the most flagrant in my opinion, is the attempt to place on the agenda of this Assembly the revision of Article 27, which is requested by the majority. It is clear that a discussion of this subject would sap the very foundations of our Organization. Moreover, Article 109, paragraph 2, says clearly that the Charter adopted at San Francisco may not be altered without the unanimous consent of the permanent members of the Security Council. The authors of this proposal for the reviewing of Article 27 know perfectly well that they cannot obtain such a revision without destroying the United Nations Organization. Therefore, no practical result can be expected from placing this question on the agenda except the poisoning of the atmosphere of the work of our General Assembly. The experience of the Paris Conference showed how the attempts to revise the decision of the four Foreign Ministers respecting the necessity of a two-thirds majority in a vote on a recommendation disturbed the atmosphere of that Conference and prolonged its work unnecessarily. It is inadmissible to take advantage of a certain majority to infringe the Charter and change it as one changes a pair of gloves. Such an attitude towards the sanctity of obligations contributes to the creation of a state of anarchy in relations between States. It is playing with fire and can entail the most serious consequences. As an example of the abuse of the majority, let me quote the question of Iran. Even in the annals of the League of Nations, it would be impossible to find a situation so absurd as the one created by the majority of the Security Council in dealing with the question of Iran. Two neighbouring countries, the Soviet Union and Iran, reached a friendly agreement for the settlement of their dispute, which had, moreover, been envenomed by the former reactionary government of the latter country. Both countries requested that the question should be withdrawn from the agenda. This request was embodied in a telegram, dated 15 April, in which the Government of Iran notified the Security Council that it withdrew its complaint. The Secretary-General, Mr. Trygve Lie, on his side, was anxious not to place the majority of the Security Council in a position which would not only be awkward, but I may even say ridiculous. He wrote at that, time, that strictly in accordance with the law, it was not possible to leave on the agenda a question which both parties had decided to withdraw. He quoted Articles 33, 36, 37 and 38. In spite of this, the majority of the Security Council decided otherwise; it abused its position as a majority. Contrary to logic, to the facts and to law, the Council left the question of Iran on the agenda. There are, doubtless, many among you who are lawyers. What would you think of a judge who, in the presence of two parties who declared that they had settled their dispute by a friendly agreement, nevertheless insisted on a continuation of the action? It would of course be one way of increasing the number of cases in his court and thus adding to his importance. In international relations, however, such an attitude on the part of a judge might have the most serious consequences. Such judges cannot inspire confidence in peaceful nations, which would be justified in harbouring suspicions with regard to decisions which appeared to be dictated by considerations having nothing in common with the maintenance of peace and security. In the face of such objectivity, Mr. Noel- Baker had the temerity to take the Soviet representative in the Security Council to task because he voted against the dispatch of a commission to investigate the situation on the northern frontier of Greece. Mr. Noel-Baker knows as well as we do that the question on the agenda of the Security Council concerns the provocative action of Greek monarchist elements along the Greek- Albanian frontier. The majority, however, desired to justify the actions of Greece; by means of circuitous manoeuvres, by creating a diversion, it wished at all costs to indict Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, although those countries were not represented. The majority submitted a proposal in this sense, but the representative of the Soviet Union was unable to vote for it, and did not vote for it, because the motion concerned third parties which were not represented at the meeting. The majority has been guilty of a number of abuses and has drawn considerable advantage from its position. None of the representatives who spoke on Article 27 mentioned those abuses, although the President of the United States, Mr. Truman, in his speech of 23 October at the opening of the Assembly, stressed, very cautiously it is true, the difficulties which the Security Council was encountering in its work. We have not heard any positive proposal for restricting somewhat the abuses of the majority. Some say it matters little whether we have a United Nations Organization or not. But since we desire this Organization to live and grow, since we desire that it should become a genuine organ of co-operation between States, both great and small, for safe-guarding peace and security, we cannot but give our support to the proposal made by the head of the Soviet delegation for the reduction of armaments and the outlawing of atomic weapons. By their common efforts, the United Nations have brought the greatest war in history to a victorious conclusion. This war has been the most terrible ever known to humanity. It has caused innumerable casualties and the most frightful destruction man has ever witnessed. The aggressive forces of nazi Germany, fascist Italy and Japan have been crushed. Now, in many parts of the world the man in the street is asking himself this question: Why after the conclusion of hostilities must we continue to build up new armaments? Why must there be further military expenditure? The military budgets have long been a very heavy burden on all States. They have engulfed the greater part of the national incomes. During the whole period of the war the peoples bore these burdens without a murmer, but now that peace has returned, the common people desire an improvement in their economic situation and their cultural level; they desire a reduction in military budgets. The outlawing of the atomic weapon would inevitably entail a reduction of expenditure and allow the Governments to use the moneys thus saved for other purposes, for example, to raise the standard of living of their populations. The time has come for the United Nations to take this step and meet the wishes of the masses who demand peace and prosperity. Every human being desires a house, clothing, food; he desires to be able to bring up his children, guarantee their future, make provision for his old age and that of his descendants. The Ukrainian delegation hopes that the reasonable proposals of the Soviet delegation will meet with a favourable and unanimous support.
User: General debate statement by Iran	During the first part of the first session of the General Assembly in London, our President pointed out that a great deal of time would be saved if we refrained from repeating what other speakers had already said here. Even if I do not follow this sound advice completely, I shall in any case endeavour to be very brief and try not to repeat what has already been said so eloquently by previous speakers. Nevertheless, I feel bound to associate myself with the other delegations in thanking the City and State of New York for the welcome they have given us and the facilities they have afforded us. My country had, and continues to have, faith in the United Nations. It was with this same faith that the Iranian Parliament unanimously approved the Charter of the United Nations. We feel convinced that through the United Nations, and the United Nations alone, world peace and security will be preserved. We have confidence in the United Nations because we are convinced that the General Assembly and the Security Council will not make any decisions or recommendations that are inconsistent with the principles laid down in the Charter. We know that the United Nations will respect the territorial integrity and political independence of Member States. If that independence is to be really respected, the stronger States must refrain from interfering, in no matter what form and on no matter what pretext, in the internal affairs of the weak ones. Such interference would stir up conflicts and provoke disputes. My country has been the victim of such interference in the past, and unfortunately we cannot even yet congratulate ourselves on being safe from this danger. I would like to compliment the Secretary-General and his collaborators on the valuable report he has submitted on the work of the Organization. We are glad to note the efforts made by the Economic and Social Council and the results it has obtained in such a short time. The Secretary-General’s report deals with vast and varied questions, most of which are of special interest to my country. I will not go into details now, for the Iranian delegation will have an opportunity to state its views when these problems come up for discussion during the forthcoming meetings of the General Assembly. I do, however, feel bound to say a few words about a question which has been dealt with by the majority of delegations, namely, the so-called right of veto. As everyone knows, the Iranian delegation fought this issue at San Francisco. We even voted in favour of an amendment, similar in tenor to our own, proposed by the Australian delegation, and it was only when the right of veto was approved by the majority of the Conference that we recognized it. Subsequent developments have not been such as to bring about a change in our attitude. For the time being we do not intend to press for the revision of Article 27, a step which several Members of the Assembly consider premature, but we have every hope that, during these discussions and in the future, this right will be exercised in accordance with the principles of justice and equity.
User: General debate statement by Canada	If were not anxious, like all my colleagues, to take into consideration all the important suggestions made by the President with regard to the conduct of our debates, I should be tempted, English and French being the official languages in Canada, to speak in French as well as in English in the course of the short statement I am about to make. My delegation, however, has itself suggested that we should study means of saving time in our future sessions. We must be logical. There is no doubt that we can save time by utilizing the services of our excellent translators who are able to prepare in advance the translations of the speeches that are made here. That is what has been done. I hope that there will be some other occasion when I can have distributed to you the English text of a speech instead of the French. Canada welcomes the forthright way in which the Secretary-General and various delegations have brought to the attention of this Assembly the failure of the United Nations to make more rapid progress in implementing some of the major undertakings of the San Francisco Charter, months to be on trial. Its interests will not be the public in our countries is conscious of these shortcomings, and we feel it is well that we should admit them. The United Nations, sixteen months after the signature of the Charter, is still, and is apt to continue for many more served by concealing any disappointment caused by its operations. Canada is glad that attention has been drawn in this Assembly to what the United Nations has been able to accomplish. These accomplishments are impressive. But it is more important that this Assembly should take steps to remedy the shortcomings of the United Nations rather than derive too great satisfaction from what we have been able to accomplish. We are particularly concerned that the Security Council and the Military Staff Committee have so far failed to make substantial progress toward the conclusion of the special agreements with individual Members required to implement Article 43, and those following, of the Charter and thus make armed forces and other facilities available to the Security Council. We are all of us bound, under the Charter, to refrain from using armed forces except as provided by the Charter. The Government and people of Canada are anxious to know what armed forces, in common with other Members of the United Nations, Canada should maintain as its share of the burden of putting world force behind world law. Only when the special agreements with the Council have been concluded shall we be able to determine how large a proportion of the total annual production of our country can properly be devoted to improving the living conditions of the Canadian people. Canada therefore urges that the Security Council and the Military Staff Committee go ahead with all possible speed in the constructive work of negotiating the special agreements and of organizing the military and economic measures of enforcement. It appears to us that it would be in the interest of all Members of the United Nations to see the Security Council equipped and ready to enforce proper decisions for the maintenance of world peace, and also, as a consequence to see serious consideration given to the reduction of national armaments so that the productive capacity of the world thus conserved may be used for improving the living conditions of all peoples. The President of the United States of America, in Iris memorable speech to this Assembly, urged that the Members of the United Nations should use the Security Council “as a means for promoting the settlement of disputes as well as for airing them.” The Security Council has not so far given the impression that it was taking positive action to promote the peaceful settlement of disputes. We agree that now is not the time to try to amend the Charter. But we also say that now is the time for the Assembly to make practical recommendations on how, within the framework of the Charter as it is, the Security Council can more effectively discharge the vital functions so confidently entrusted to it by all the Members of the United Nations. This Assembly will be required to give a practical interpretation of some of the most important provisions of the Charter. In establishing these precedents, it is necessary to remember that it is a constitution which we are interpreting and not a domestic statute. I venture to suggest that the Charter, to be successful, must be interpreted in such a way as to encourage its growth and adaptation to changing conditions. The peoples of the United Nations have the right to expect that, wherever the meaning of a provision of the Charter is doubtful, this Assembly will interpret it in the way best calculated to strengthen the authority and prestige of the United Nations. We would like to see provisions which add to the authority of the United Nations or of its organs and officers broadly interpreted, and those which detract from the authority of the United Nations given a restrictive interpretation. There cannot be lasting peace in the absence of a system of international order based upon justice and regulated by law. We must strive to fortify the juridical functions of the United Nations. Acceptance by all Members of the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice with a minimum of reservations would be a step in this direction. I trust that we shall all agree that the obligation of the Assembly under Article 13 of the Charter to encourage “the progressive development of international law and its codification” should be implemented as soon as possible. The Canadian delegation welcomes the request of the United States of America that this matter be discussed. The people of my country, in common with the peoples of many other countries, are bearing heavy financial burdens as the result of the war. We are all, I am sure, concerned over the mounting cost of participation in international organizations, not only the cost of direct financial contributions but also the cost of sending full delegations to their meetings. All of us are willing to bear our fair share of the necessary expenditures, and all of us readily recognize that these expenditures are small indeed as compared to the cost of war. On the other hand, this Assembly must be able to satisfy public opinion throughout the world that the finances of the Organization are being employed in the best interests of the United Nations. We must be assured that the Secretariat possesses the highest standards of efficiency, competence and integrity, and that the budgetary and financial administration of the United Nations is beyond reproach. We must also take every possible precaution against the unnecessary multiplication of international organizations, conferences, councils and commissions. Our delegation has observed with satisfaction that the Secretary-General, in his oral report to the Assembly, drew attention to the fact that the larger the number of specialized agencies, the greater will be the financial burden on Member Governments and the greater will be the danger of overlapping and duplication, with a consequent wasteful diversion of effort and of resources. Wasteful diversion also results from unnecessary prolongation of international meetings in terms of their accomplishment. This imposes unnecessary burdens not only on the international organizations concerned but also on the national Governments and their delegations. Canada has accordingly requested that the Assembly set up without delay a committee to make specific recommendations to it at this session on measures to economize the time of future sessions. The Canadian delegation, representing all major political parties in my country, desires to associate itself with the declaration made by the President of the United States of America. The people of Canada, as well as the people of the United States, “look upon the United Nations not as a temporary expedient but as a permanent partnership, a partnership among the peoples of the world for their common peace and common well-being.” My own Prime Minister, speaking a few months ago at a plenary session of the Paris Conference, said: “Years of war have surely taught us that no man liveth to himself, and that no nation liveth to itself. We are all members one of another.” Each State represented here has it own ideals, its own standards, its own ways of life. Differences of outlook are therefore inevitable. It is what we do about these differences that is crucial. Attempts to exploit them to the advantage of any nation or group of nations can accomplish nothing wholesome or constructive. Let us beware of recrimination, of charge and counter-charge. Let us, with good will, patience and forbearance, pursue the course which leads to the resolution and not to the exploitation of differences. Let us proceed with the business of this Assembly, all of us determined to work together in the interests of peace and understanding among the nations. In this way alone can we produce a record of accomplishment worthy of the respect of all the peoples of a united world.

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