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The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that each year there 76 million cases of foodborne disease resulting in 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths. The lawyers of the Gancedo Law Firm are experienced in representing victims of foodborne disease outbreaks, and thoroughly prepare each case to maximize recovery for their clients’ injuries, medical expenses and loss of earnings.
Among the most common foodborne diseases are Escherichia coli (E. coli O157:H7), Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Shigella. The E. coli bacteria live in the intestines of people and animals, and can harm individuals who are exposed to it from contaminated food or water –usually unwashed produce or under cooked meat. Restaurant employees who don’t properly wash their hands can transmit E. coli bacteria to food. E. coli can cause diarrhea, abdominal cramping and nausea, and in some cases can cause severe and bloody diarrhea and kidney failure. Symptoms of E. coli infections typically begin three or four days after exposure to the bacteria.
Salmonella is a common bacterial disease which causes fever, diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Salmonella infection normally occurs through contaminated food or water, often as a result of undercooked meat, poultry and eggs. Rare complications include severe dehydration, meningitis, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis. Symptoms usually occur within three days of infection.
Campylobacter bacteria lives in the intestines of healthy birds including poultry. It causes fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain and cramps. The most common source of campylobacter infection is eating undercooked chicken. Symptoms often occur two to ten days following infection.
Shigella infection (shigellosis) is an intestinal disease caused by the Shigella family of bacteria. Symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal cramps and fever usually begin 24 to 72 hours after exposure to the bacteria. Shigella infections normally are passed through the fecal-oral route as when restaurant workers handle food with inadequately washed hands or when family members fail to wash hands after changing diapers. Severe though rare complications include seizures, rectal prolapse, kidney failure, toxic megacolon and Reiter Syndrome.
If you or someone you know has suffered food contamination from the above bacteria or others, contact the lawyers at the Gancedo Law Firm for a no-cost, no-obligation evaluation of your legal rights. Contact the Gancedo Law Firm at 800/500-5735. |
– LCD display of 128×64 matrix is used.
– Hardness scales(HV ,HB,HRC,HRB,HRA,HS).
– RS232 interface and USB to PC
– Max 600 groups（impact times:32～1）of data can be stored at internal.
– Back light display has been used to make convenient or the user in poor light.
– Upper and lower limit can be preset. It will alarm automatically when the result value exceeding the limit.
– Material of ‘cast steel’ is added HB values can be read out directly when D/DC impact device is used
to measure ‘cast steel’ workpiece.
– Power is two of AA battery. Continuous working period: approx. 100 h (no back light on).
– Software can be installed according to the requirements of user. The function will be more powerful to satisfy the more demands of quality control and management. |
“Sometimes our light goes out, but is blown again into instant flame by an encounter with another human being.”―Albert Schweitzer
I think the “light” Schweitzer discusses in this quote is about the spark or motivation we carry with us to meet the day. When life beats you up on multiple fronts, it is hard to be motivated to do anything at times. Then you meet someone or interact with someone who inspires you, invigorates you, or shows you that you may not have it as bad as you thought. These people are those people who are the “heart” people.
Heart people or the people who center their lives around the aspect of love are those who can withstand hardship because they know they are loved. They give love because in many cases it is all they possess. They give without thought of gain or advantage. They give without expecting anything in return. They give. They are grateful for the small graces sprinkled upon them.
When you run across a grateful person, you find they do not believe in a lack of abundance. They believe that there is enough for everyone and are always willing to give what they have to others, particularly if they believe the person, they are giving to needs something more than them. Grateful people do not advise others, they teach through example. They show the world that what they have is enough. They show others that happiness is internal, not an external thing subject to the whims of chance, the weather, or what other people do.
I am eternally grateful for the heart people I have come across. They have taught me. They have helped me. They have given to me. They arrived at times in my life that were not so great. I befriend people who are like this and keep them close. I, in turn, have tried to cultivate this same aspect of character. I try to help those that I can. I try to teach others the things I have learned that have been helpful to me. I try to show other people that they can have a better life by working on themselves. Some folks listen—others don’t. That’s ok.
I thank God for the family, friends, mentors, and teachers that have graced my life. They have taught me persistence. They have taught me discipline. They have taught me a great many things that benefit me. I reciprocate the grace they have brought to my life and try to do the same for others.
I hope each of you has had the privilege of knowing a heart person. I hope you are emulating these people and pursuing a life of being a “light” for others. It will make a huge difference in another person’s life.
Until next time… |
Guaranteed versus unsecured loan: should you decide’re Googling this expression, it’s likely you’re absorbed undergoing looking financing, and want some clarification on distinction between these two type. Very here’s the offer: A secured financing means you add up something of value as a promise you’ll cover the loan straight back. An unsecured mortgage calls for no such collateral. Now let’s plunge in to the facts.
When you should bring an unsecured mortgage
An unsecured loan, also referred to as your own loan, are implemented by a binding agreement closed because of the debtor together with loan provider on the unsecured funds. Financial loans such as for example charge cards, lines of credit, and figuratively speaking are typical kinds of short term loans.
Since there’s no collateral, acquiring an unsecured mortgage is dependent on your credit score and money. Plus, your’ll pay a greater rate of interest, because your loan provider is actually taking on additional risk—if your don’t pay off the borrowed funds, not much can be carried out to recover those expenses.
The reasons why you require a secured financing purchasing property
While unsecured loans are usually ways folk make more compact acquisitions, for bigger things like a vehicle, boat, or homes, you’ll require a protected loan. The real deal home in particular, your’ll become a mortgage—the common sorts of guaranteed loan you will find.
“Mortgage financial loans are often protected by genuine property. This is the guarantee,” says Andrew Weinberg, a principal at sterling silver Fin Capital. But there are other types secured loans, also. An auto loan utilizes the car as security, for example.
Fundamentally, if you want to purchase property but do not have the earnings to pay for this huge order entirely, you are going to submit an application for home financing by drawing near to a lender that will lend your the vast majority of cash to cover this acquisition. Next, you only pay the financial institution back in monthly installments, plus interest payday loans South Carolina.
The clincher is when you don’t spend right up, sooner your lender contains the straight to foreclose and take your homes to recover the costs, states Manjari Ganti, connect conformity advice at globe Home financing. That’s the “secured” role, together with reason why their lender was happy to fork over this type of a large heap of cash. The financial institution understands that despite the worst-case example in which you flake, they’ll have some thing useful back once again!
Secured vs. quick unsecured loans: in fact it is much better?
This will depend about what your’re utilizing the loan for. If you’re buying property, a home loan is definitely the strategy to use.
“Secured financial loans include less dangerous loans for all the loan provider, so they really’re cheaper for all the visitors,” claims Craig Garcia, chairman of money associates Mortgage. “They will often have best interest levels, and most home loan interest is actually tax-deductible.”
However, there are lots of times when an unsecured loan makes sense for several buys. For just one, loans include quicker for.
“If the necessity for money is instant, they’s quicker and much easier getting an unsecured loan,” says Garcia. “A secured financing needs to be underwritten and also have a closing, whereas you can walk into a bank or apply online and bring a line of credit quickly.”
Here are a few with the good and bad points of the 2 kinds of financing:
Both secured and quick unsecured loans have her moments in life when they’re useful. To determine and that is better for a specific want, examine the words, costs, and repayment schedule, and see what works effectively for you.
Before you take down whichever mortgage, however, be sure you entirely understand what you’re agreeing to, and start to become careful to not use a lot more than you’ll realistically afford to pay back. Outstanding loans can ruin your credit rating and damage debt lifetime for a long time. You currently knew that, right?
Audrey Ference have authored for Billfold, The Hairpin, The Toast, record, beauty salon, as well as others. She lives in Austin, TX. |
In 1697, he is recorded as the master of the of the Kirkwall ship “Elephant”, which belonged to James Traill of Elsness. That summer, when returning from the Continent, the ship was captured by a French privateer off Shetland and held to ransom. Fortunately, they were able to borrow £240 from John Scott, an Edinburgh merchant, who was in Shetland at the time.
James Fea II of Whitehall was to marry three times:
(1) Jacobina Forbes, the daughter of Patrick Forbes, Bishop of Caithness
on 13th December 1700. She seems to have been some twenty years
his senior and this was her third marriage. Her first was to Captain
William of Rusland on 2nd November 1672. He died in 1679.
|The 23 of Jarij. 79, being Tursday, Wm. Buchanan
of Rusland depairted this lyfe, and was intered in St. Magnus Kirk the nixt
Sabath following, being the 26 of ye sd moneth.
The Diaries of Thomas Brown 1675-1693 (1898), p7
Edited by A Francis Steuart
|Ffryday’s morning, about four houres, or yrby, the
13 Appll. 1683, John Mudie wes maried to Jacobina Forbes.
The Diaries of Thomas Brown 1675-1693 (1898), p25
Edited by A Francis Steuart
(2) James Fea remarried shortly afterwards but no name is known of his wife.
They had two daughters;
(3) Jean Manson was the third wife of James Fea, whom he married
in 1727. She was from Kirkwall and the daughter of James Manson.
They had one son:
In 1717, James Fea II of Whitehall was the owner and master of the “Margaret ” of Stronsay. It is likely that he was involved as a merchant with the Continental ports, as were most of the Orkney lairds.
He is considered to be the first person to see to the making of kelp in Orkney. The date for this is usually given as 1722.
There is a record from 1726 of his giving a property known as “The Hall” to his sister, Barbara Fea. This was in ruins but must have been rebuilt later as described as “new” in 1740.
James died around 1729. The Whitehall farm was struggling and his widow appeared to be in financial difficulties with various creditors pressing for payment, including David Anderson, writer in Edinburgh, and George Traill, Writer in Kirkwall. The estate was transferred to their son, James, who was too young to run it. “Tutors” were therefore appointed to look after his affairs: James Fea VI of Clestrain, David Traill Jnr of Elsness and Rev Thomas Baikie, who had married Elizabeth Fea, sister of James Fea II of Whitehall.
This continued until 11th December 1732, when Jaspar Simpson, Commissar Officer for Orkney, arranged a legal process whereby Barbara Fea, James’s sister took over the role of main tutor from James Fea VI of Clestrain and the estate was in practice run by her husband, Hans Heitman. Witnesses to this arrangement were William Moray and Thomas Skea under the chairmanship of William Liddell of Hammar. |
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The six-day “How to Start a Business” course taught women in Georgia how to generate start-up ideas and validate them, as well as how to build the right team and create a product. They also developed strategic and innovative thinking, and learned about planning and product distribution, financial documentation, business modeling and investment proposals.
Press release: UN Women urges leaders and advocates to “Think Equal, Build Smart, Innovate for Change” on International Women’s Day
The United Nations’ gender equality entity puts spotlight on public services, income security, safe spaces and technology to advance progress for women and girls |
My father claimed that going hungry during the Depression in Escanaba, Michigan was helpful in his development of a life’s philosophy, which was essentially that sentiment was a waste of time and even offensive, since the one thing you could never eat was a soft feeling. He came to this conclusion when he was ten and watched his grandfather slaughtering a horse in falling snow, a creature my father had often ridden and fed. The red blood against the white made him turn away in shame, but the strips of meat, once they were cooked, slipped into his shrunken belly like a perfect benediction. Much later, when I was twelve, he drove me north to Escanaba to visit his grandfather’s grave—“A true son of a bitch,” he announced proudly—and we climbed from the car on the outskirts of the farm where he’d been raised, walked to a rail fence, and gazed at several horses with their necks bowed in supplication, feasting on the tall grass. “I ate one of your relatives!” my dad called out with such good cheer that I wasn’t certain for a moment it was really him. Then he cried—the only time I ever saw that—with great gusts of breaths that embarrassed him so thoroughly that he slapped me when I asked what was wrong.
Doug Ramspeck is the author of seven collections of poetry, one collection of short stories, and a novella. One recent book, Black Flowers, is published by LSU Press and was a finalist for the UNT Rilke Prize. Individual poems have appeared in The Kenyon Review, Slate, The Southern Review, The Georgia Review, and many other literary journals. His short story “Balloon” was listed as a Distinguished Story for 2018 in The Best American Short Stories. He is a three-time recipient of an Ohio Arts Council Individual Excellence Award, twice for poetry and once for fiction. |
Which Roofs For Conservatory Roofs Are Right For You? While polycarbonate and also glass are both prominent choices for conservatory roofs, they are not always the most effective selection. Read more about roofs for conservatory in this website. While they are economical, they don’t provide the same resilience or general quality. Learn more about roofs for conservatories in this homepage. Polycarbonate roofs can be made to fit any type of shape or size and also they can be found in a wide variety of colours, making certain a streamlined look that matches your existing house. View more about tiled roof conservatories in this page. Picking a clear or opaque roofing for your conservatory will certainly allow you to manage light and temperature level, making it an exceptional option for summer as well as winter months. Check tiled roof for conservatories here for more info. If you do not mind investing a little additional, a polycarbonate roof can be a great option. 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A polycarbonate roof can be an economical option for a sunroom. View more about roofs for conservatories in this page. The only drawback is its absence of visual appeal. Check tiled roof conservatories here for more info. Because it is low-cost, polycarbonate roofing systems are a terrific alternative if you’re on a budget plan. Discover more about tiled roof for conservatories in this link. However, it will certainly not be as visual as glass and will devalue your residential property. Check it out! tiled conservatory roof in this site. If you have a big spending plan, a polycarbonate roofing is most likely to be the most effective alternative for your needs. Read roofs for conservatory here for more info. The Guardian Warm Roofing supplies a year-round use of a conservatory, making them the best enhancement to any residence. Click roofs for conservatories here for more updates. It’s a very reliable, attractive and also thermally-efficient roof with an optimum U value of 0.18 W/M2K. View tiled roof conservatories here for more details. This suggests that you can lower your carbon footprint, while still delighting in the numerous advantages of a stunning conservatory. Read more about tiled conservatory roof in this website. If you’re trying to find a cost-efficient solution for your sunroom, an Equinox replacement tiled roof covering could be an excellent choice. Learn more about roofs for conservatory in this homepage. These tiles offer better protection from the weather as well as exceptional insulation, making them a superb selection for Market Weighton homes. View more about roofs for conservatories in this page. While polycarbonate is cheaper than glass as well as can be installed with marginal initiative, it does not offer the very same aesthetic appeals and also privacy. Check tiled roof conservatories here for more info. Unlike glass, polycarbonate roofs are not as eye-catching as well as don’t allow for clear sights. Discover more about tiled roof for conservatories in this link. They can also be hard to tidy, and also look boring over time. Check it out! tiled conservatory roof in this site. If you’re thinking about a strong roof covering, the benefits and negative aspects will differ from property owner to house owner. Read roofs for conservatory here for more info. When picking a material for your conservatory, you’ll intend to think about the style of your home. Click roofs for conservatories here for more updates. If you don’t wish to invest a great deal of money on roofing systems for sunroom, you can opt for strong floor tiles. View tiled roof conservatories here for more details. They provide a professional as well as homely look, and also are one of the most inexpensive as well as most convenient to install. Read more about tiled roof for conservatories in this website. The appropriate roof covering product will assist you attain the look you’re going with. 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Homeowners Guide on the True Cost of Real Estate Monthly mortgage payment inclusion on the real estate total cost make the best thing. In comparison to the overall mortgage payments, real estate tend to be more expensive due to the increased costs and accumulating fees that need be consideredview here!. When it comes to whether […]
Things to Consider When Putting into Account When Choosing a Property Management Agency The best properties for rental needs and purchase and best sought from excellent property managers. These managers at 69 TN34 2LD are there to ensure that you get the best property selection. They are aware of the different types of properties that […]
An Overview to Pasadena and also Other Areas in The golden state If you are intending to spend time in Pasadena, California, then you have actually possibly questioned where to stay. This guide will certainly assist you determine where to remain as well as what to do in Pasadena. There are some terrific locations to […] |
Brachytherapy is the delivery of radiotherapy by putting the radioactive source in apposition to the malignancy.
Thus a source - usually Caesuim 137 but historically Radium - can be placed into a body cavity like the uterus or implanted into a solid tumour. The source can be afterloaded into a tube created during a previous operation, thus reducing the exposure of the medical personnel to ionising radiation.
The radiation dose falls off as the square of the distance from the source, and therefore the tumour receives a high dose with little radiation reaching the surrounding normal tissue.
Last reviewed 01/2018 |
They once lived ………… number 12 South George’s Street.
I wish to see her ………… the village.
Paul isn’t here ……….. the moment.
Can you come …………… Monday ?
I’ll be back ………. ten minutes.
Please sit _____ a group of four people.
What do you do ______ Friday nights?
We always listen to music ___ the way to work.
Hamlet and Macbeth were written _________ Shakespeare. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England _______ 1564.
A. by, at
B. from, at
C. by, in
D. with, from
She went to school ___ Germany.
Miss Siti is standing ____________ the teachers who are going to Langkawi.
A man _________ long hair was sitting ________ a man who was bald.
A. with, beside
B. without, across
C. in, on
D. with, under
Fauzi left the umbrella __________ the door when she went _________ the room.
A. on, in
B. inside, behind
C. by, behind
D. behind, into
Please don’t be concerned ______ me. I can take care ________ myself.
A. of, over
B. about, of
C. to, at
D. about, by
My grandfather died ……….. 1987.
Go ___ these stairs until you reach the top floor.
Pauline and Catherine were __________ some friends ________ the cafe __________ the road.
A. by, in, on
B. with, at, on
C. by, inside, on
D. with, outside, across
He drank the milk from the refrigerator.
This book, ____ John Anderson, won the book of the year prize.
I will meet her ………..two months.
I’m sorry, Sir, you can’t sit in this part of the train if you want to travel ____ children.
Moscow is a much colder city ____ Paris
He finds himself in a very difficult situation since you could say he’s ……. a rock and a hard place.
We have lunch ……….. noon.
I go to school___ the afternoon.
A. in front of
GrammarQuiz.Net - Improve your knowledge of English grammar, the best way to kill your free time. |
New strategies needed to unlock supply
Housing is a universal challenge for cities – and a particular one for Sydney.
All cities that we spoke to have been experiencing significant house price inflation during the pandemic. This has extended to many wider city-regions too such as the New York region, where prices in some areas have risen 18% since mid-2020.
Failing to ensure housing affordability has the effect of pricing poorer residents out of the city, or forcing people into crammed, substandard living arrangements – typically disconnected from basic infrastructure and jobs.
Addressing this issue is therefore vital as a matter of equity, as well as to ensure cities attract and retain talent.
To serve disadvantaged populations, some cities are auditing publicly-owned land to identify opportunities for affordable housing.
Other innovative ideas being investigated include providing social housing on an ownership basis and giving tenants the option to sell back to the government.
Reforms are also being pursued in cities to unlock greater housing supply, as well as innovative home planning and construction. Examples include subdividing large homes into units, attaching granny flats to the family home or making it easier to install basements and extra floors.
The San Francisco Bay Area is pioneering modular and industrial housing production. The trend to reconfigure CBD hotel, commercial and retail space is most advanced in cities like London, Paris, Hong Kong and Singapore due to ageing stock.
Rapid transport hubs and strategic corridors are logical places for increased density. In Sydney, the North West Metro is facilitating transit-oriented development that will continue as new Metro projects also come online in the city’s west.
The region 60 to 150 minutes north-east from New York City, linking New Rochelle, Stamford and Yale University, is transitioning gradually to medium-rise housing.
In Paris, the Grand Paris Express metro project, a group of new rapid transit lines, is designed to connect strategically located suburbs.
Seoul is building “compact cities” around train stations where homes and workplaces are co-located through high-density mixed-use. |
The vicious fight on the Samuel Beckett Bridge in Dublin city centre, during which at least one teenager was stabbed has brought the issue of knife crime sharply back into public focus.
It is of course just the latest incident in a long and pitiful litany of knife related crime as a quick review will easily demonstrate. We can begin in 2006, when the then Tánaiste and Minister for Justice, Michael McDowell, introduced what became known as a ‘Weapons Amnesty.’
It ran from September 1st to the end of October that year and resulted in 226 firearms, 43 knives and six swords being surrendered to the gardaí.
One person even surrendered a grenade, with another person handing over a ‘musket.’
At the end of that 2-month period-anyone found with an illegal firearm or weapon would have been on the receiving end of what McDowell called “the toughest penalties for firearms offences ever introduced in the history of the State.”
For Minister McDowell, this initiative formed part of an attempt to reduce the incidence of crime in which weapons, including knives, were involved.
The question is of course; has it actually worked in the longer term? On the basis of recent results; the answer is ambiguous at best.
We know from the most recently available information provided by the gardaí that there has been a year-on-year increase in the number of knives seized by the gardaí from 2016-2018.
To be precise about it; there were 1,200 knives seized in 2016, 1,600 seized in 2017 and almost 2,000 knives seized in 2018.
That upward trend shows no signs of slowing down or reversing.
On the one hand this clearly a good thing. Significant numbers of knives are being removed from circulation. But on the other hand, the law is clearly not acting as any kind of deterrent from carrying a knife in the first place.
Concerned at this escalation and the increasing normalisation of carrying knives, Fianna Fail’s Justice Spokesperson, Jim O’Callaghan, introduced a Private Members Bill in July 2019, the Firearms and Offensive Weapons (Amendment) Bill 2019.
During the course of the later debates on his Bill, O’Callaghan pointed to the fact that:
“In May, June and July of this year (2019), four people were killed in our capital city as a result of being stabbed with knives. In May, a young man – we could describe him as a boy – of 18 years of age was fatally stabbed in the Finsbury Park area of Dundrum in Dublin. Tragically, he lost his life. In June, a homeless man was stabbed in the vicinity of the GPO. He also lost his life. In the same month, a Latvian woman who was staying in a hostel in west Dublin was stabbed and fatally injured. She lost her life as a result of the use of a knife.”
What O’Callaghan sought to achieve with his Bill was an increase on the maximum sentence that can be imposed on a person who is convicted of having in his or her possession a knife for the purpose of inflicting harm on another person, from five to ten years imprisonment.
While O’Callaghan’s 2019 Bill lapsed with the dissolution of the last Dáil, he has re-introduced an updated version of it today. He has done so while repeatedly stressing the same point about the need for increased prison sentences for those convicted under its provisions.
It needs to be said however that while the approach of introducing harsher prison sentences generated support among the political parties-it was not an approach supported by organisations like The Irish Penal Reform Trust (IPRT).
The IPRT pointed to the 2019 Report of the UK’s Youth Select Committee-Our Generation’s Epidemic: Knife Crime. that found opposition to longer sentences as a deterrent for young people who are involved in knife crime was expressed in several pieces of evidence that it had received. The Committee eventually concluded that harsher punishments or longer custodial sentences will not address the issue.
What is needed instead say the Irish Penal Reform Trust is “for young people at risk of getting involved in knife crime to receive targeted interventions as a matter of urgency.”
The IRPT also highlight measures such as “the need to introduce interventions focused on identifying and meeting a young person in a ‘teachable moment’ as a national tactic to provide targeted interventions for example, when a young person has been arrested for committing a knife crime or when they come into an emergency room after they have been injured.”
Despite the conflicting evidence around the long-term effectiveness of initiatives like knife amnesties, many parts of the UK continue to operate them.
In fact, the UK Government at one point announced funding of £35 million to establish 18 new violence reduction units across the country to tackle knife crime and other violent offences, including £3.4 million towards setting one up in Greater Manchester. This was after knife crime hit a ten-year high.
Ireland too has seen similar anti-knife campaigns in 2009, 2012 and 2017.
But as we have seen from the 2016-2018 evidence this has done nothing to slow down the rate of knives being seized despite all the ‘teachable moments’ that the IPRT and others have advocated as an important preventative tool in the fight against knife crime. |
By Edwin Eng Jan 25th, 2010
THE Development Master Plan for Brunei Darns-salam’s capital,
Bandar Seri Begawan, is being prepared by an international group of
planning, environmental, economic and infrastructure consultants who are
working closely with the BSB Municipal Department and the Minister of
The team is being directed by HOK International with cooperation from
Jones Lang Laselle, Meinhardt, MVA Hong Kong Ltd, the Biomimicry Guild
and OWMD International.
Besides giving the general public an opportunity to address concerns
about the impact of development on the ecosystem, the BSB Development
Master Plan will also make the prevention and mitigation of ecosystem
impacts a central feature of the overall plan.
Sedimentation of the natural waterways and river
through the urban area is _another issue that can be addressed in the
In addition to the guidelines concerning stabilising soil and
retaining storm water, the naturalisation of the banks of waterways and
rivers will slow down the sedimentation process by naturally filtering
storm water as it flows into the waterway.
Naturalisation of shorelines will also slow down the flow of the
watercourse, allowing for more natural absorption of storm water and
less potential for flooding during major storms.
Another major factor affecting ecological function in the city is the
pollution of river systems, the statement said.
The Master Plan will address the issue in providing sanitary
infrastructure for Brunei’s picturesque water village, Kampong Ayer,
while also improving sewage treatment infrastructure and storm water
management strategies across the urban area.
In addition to these major infrastructure improvements, which will
affect the larger urban environment, the’ Master Plan will address the
naturalisation of river banks and reintroduction of mangroves to improve
the capacity for natural filtration and purification of river waters.
The ecosystem of Bandar Seri Begawan could be improved through the
reintroduction of a wider diversity of native plant species in the
landscaping of public and private open spaces in the city.
Native plant species respond effectively to local climate and soil
conditions, thereby improving the overall functioning of the natural
Guidelines and specifications concerning planting and landscaping
throughout the city will be also addressed in the new Development Master
Those interesting in participating in the forum can contact OWMP
International at 2335553 or visit web site www.bsb-masterplan.com.bn.
Public participation and discussion are essential components of the
master planning process and important in the evaluation and final
recommendations for the BSB Development Master Plan.
A press release highlighting the importance of improving ecosystem
functions stated that urban development has had a “significant” impact
on the ecosystem because development has taken place without benefit of
detailed planning guidelines.
The finger was also pointed at construction that did not “consider
impacts on the ecosystem as a primary issue”.
One of the primary problems related to the ecosystem in the capital
is soil destabilisation.
As the city has developed over time, the natural vegetation on
construction sites had been cleared to make way for buildings, parking
lots and other amenities. Construction has also often taken place on
hillsides and other steep sites.
According to the press release, this has led to the displacement of
topsoil and also to high volumes of storm water run-off from buildings
with hard roofs and from areas that are paved with impervious surfaces.
The impacts of soil destabilisation are significant and have major
impacts on the functions of
the ecosystem. Sediment carried by storm water run-off in developed
parts of the capital settle in natural waterways and prevent the
movement of water draining through the city.
The high levels of storm water run-off from impervious surfaces on
developed sites also place a huge burden on the waterways and rivers in
the capital, sometimes causing flooding.
The Master Plan can address many of these issues through simple and
clear guidelines about existing and future development.
Boundaries for new urban development can be established to prevent
urban sprawl and to minimise the need to strip the natural vegetation
from development sites and destabilise the soil.
New development can be of higher density and primarily limited to
sites and areas of the city that are already urbanised. New development
can also be limited to sites that will have less ecological impact if
developed. Construction on steeply sloping sites can be restricted so
that destabilised soil do not get washed away so easily.
Guidelines can also be developed to improve the permeability of the
ground in urbanised parts of the city. This allows rain to naturally
percolate into the water table, rather than running off site and causing
significant problems in drainage systems downstream.
Among the suggestions highlighted in the press release included using
permeable materials for paving driveways and parking areas, creating
“Green Roofs” on new buildings that can absorb rainwater and slow down
run-off water, creating open areas around the site with vegetation that
can effectively retain and slow down water flows, and creating swales
and other storm water control features in low-lying areas.
The press release went on to say that guidelines should establish
metrics for development that “effectively require development sites to
retain and ,manage all or most of their own storm water on site”. Bandar
Seri Begawan is in a rainforest, so the issue of managing storm water
while protecting and retaining soil is a primary ecological concern, the |
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Many people associate with the implementation of functional safety, a lot of formalism, and unnecessarily extensive documentation and many processes with a high proportion of theoretical framework. And yes, such projects are existing very often and in every industry. My experience shows that such projects are not very powerful when measured by the real implementation of effective safety measures. The following blog article examines the question why this is so? In addition, the contribution is a plea for a pragmatic software development process, especially in functional safety projects.
Where does formalism come from?
First of all, there are the functional standards such as ISO26262, IEC61508, DO178, EN50128 that tempt us to proceed quite formally. And behind these standards, at least in Germany, is the Product Liability Act. This means that in the event of damage, it is very likely that you as the manufacturer have to prove that you have done everything possible to avoid mistakes during product development and production. In such a situation, verbal agreements are of little help in proving evidence. It become obvious, that only documented, correct information is really helpful here. This point is to be taken very seriously and cannot be eliminated by the best pragmatic approach. A certain formalism and accompanying documentation is inherent in the nature of the matter and cannot be avoided. From this it can be deduced that a project of functional safety is basically more expensive (approximate value: 2-3 times more expensive) than a project in which the topic does not play a role.
Do we therefore have to accept formalism and surrender to it?
Plea for a pragmatic software development process!
Before answering this question, I want to loo at the concept of pragmatism. What does pragmatism mean and what are the prerequisites for its application?
A pragmatic approach in software development means that one always weighs individual aspects against each other and finds a compromise. However, an essential prerequisite for such a procedure is that you have experience in the topic. This is the only way to make responsible compromises in terms of safety in a weighing process.
As an example, I would like to use the planning documentation in a functional safety project. If I design these documents extensively, I can define the procedure with a high level of detail very precisely. This promotes the uniqueness of the procedure.
On the other hand, the projects show again and again that too many details in planning documents are counterproductive, as the overview is lost. The central message that should be given by such a project through the planning documents is lost. In sum, this is considerably more harmful than the missing details. With this experience, planning documents are created which describe the essential procedure in the project in a compact form. Additionally, the change effort for such documents is also significantly lower.
Similar effects can also be observed in the technical content of the Safety Project. More than 2 levels of requirements are needed in almost no project (exception: aerospace). Similarly, projects that do unit tests without formally documentation generally achieve more in the sense of safety than projects that make a great effort here.
These examples already answer the question of whether you have to accept formalism in functional safety projects: NO. Instead of extensive formalism, much more effort should be invested in a balanced strategy for the implementation of such projects. In terms of safety, this achieves much more!
In summary, it can be stated that a certain formalism is necessary in functional safety projects, since it is the only way to protect oneself in the sense of the product liability law, so that one can prove in case of damage that he has done everything to minimize the number of errors.
On the other hand, formalism must not become an objective for itself in the project. Much more in the sense of safety is achieved by developing optimally coordinated strategies for your project. The best way to achieve this is to have the necessary experience.
As a great side effect, the costs for safety projects can then be reasonably limited. An optimal cost/benefit ratio is achieved..
Are you ready for a functional safety workshop, to analyse improvement potentials in your development process, then send a mail to: info[at]heicon-ulm.de or call +49 (0) 7353 981 781. |
Outdoor Learning can be used to support the teaching of all curriculum subjects as well as offering opportunities for children to learn transferrable skills such as communication, problem solving, initiative and risk taking. It can also be used to build on relational development where children can build their leadership and teamwork skills.
Outdoor Learning at Hextable Primary School
At Hextable Primary School we aim to enable our children to use the outdoors as a motivating and inspiring learning environment wherever possible as it provides a stimulating and engaging context. We believe that taking learning outside is great for promoting confidence, social skills, motivation and perseverance; skills that can be used in the classroom and other settings.
Please take a look at some pictures from our outdoor learning sessions below!
For more information on Outdoor Learning please click here.
We are very pleased to share with you that Hextable Primary School have now achieved all of our Green Tree School Awards. We will continue to use all the fantastic outdoor learning opportunities our school grounds have to offer. |
As you begin preparing for your dissertation, it is critical to have a clear understanding of the role and purpose of the Premise, Prospectus, and Proposal phases of the process. For this Assignment, you will write a brief 1-page paper analyzing the function of each of these steps in the dissertation process.
To prepare for this Assignment, review the Learning Resources, focusing on the guidelines for creating the Dissertation Premise, Prospectus, and Proposal. Then, consider the relationship between these three components. How does each contribute to and facilitate the dissertation process?
Write a 1-page paper that analyzes the relationship between the Premise, the Prospectus, and the Proposal in the dissertation process and explain why it is necessary to develop all three. |
Some think of the pyramids as empty and enigmatic monuments, but they were built as tombs for the pharaohs.
It is true that they are less numerous and poorly preserved mummies, which may have had less impact on historical disclosure.
But we have located the mummies of at least one sovereign from each of the Egyptian dynasties that ordered the construction of pyramids.
From the third to the twelfth dynasty, the pharaohs and their relatives buried themselves in pyramids, and we have managed to find some of their remains.
Fewer mummies and poorly preserved
The lower number and the poorer quality of preservation could have very simple explanations: a pyramid is much easier to locate than a buried tomb.
For years, looters persisted until they managed to take away the rich trousseau accompanying the burials of Egyptian nobles and destroyed or left the human remains in a bad situation for their conservation.
As for the quality of the mummies, it should be remembered that mummification was a technique that greatly improved throughout the history of Egypt.
Compared to the New Kingdom, the embalmers of the pyramid-building dynasties were novices at preserving bodies. There were more than one thousand years for improvement.
Many times, the chronological perspective is lost when speaking of ancient Egypt as a block civilization, but its history is unfathomable: Cleopatra VII lived closer in time to the first McDonald’s than to the construction of the pyramids.
And it is not only looters of antiquity who are responsible for the loss of mummies in the Old and Middle Kingdoms, but also modern treasure hunters and early Egyptologists, who were unaware of the historical value of what, to them, were mere remains of a dead.
Today, finding a mummy is a scientific and media event.
Some were lost due to negligence and lack of organization in the drawers of the Cairo Museum, whereas many others have suffered more deterioration in a few years than during the centuries they spent deposited in their tombs.
Our conservation techniques and our own view of mummies as historical sources have also advanced.
Of course, there are honorable exceptions. Émile Amélineau (1850–1915) was a French archaeologist and Egyptologist who took an interest in finding bones in the tomb of Khasekhemwy at Abydos.
He found two bodies, but the lack of knowledge in the treatments that mummies require for his study put an end to the attempt. Amélineau recounts the following in his report:
“I preciously had all the bones collected; unfortunately, when we wanted to touch the bones of the first one, they broke; the skeleton dislocated, and the skull split. When I took them to Cairo to a specialist to study them, he told me that they were in too bad a condition to be measured. I’m terribly sorry, but I could only give what I had.”
We don’t know where the bones went. But let’s stop dwelling on what we don’t have and move on to the remains of mummies found in pyramids that we do have.
Mummies found in Egyptian pyramids
The first pyramid built was the Step Pyramid of Djoser. Human remains have been discovered inside, and Jean-Philippe Lauer (1902-2001) found a rib, a humerus, the left foot, and part of the stomach of a mummy in the stone sarcophagus of Djoser.
We are sorry to disappoint you, but the remains belong to several individuals and are dated after Pharaoh Djoser. But in the same pyramid, the skull of a princess was found who had been buried at the age of sixteen or seventeen, between 3532 and 2878 BC.
We are not leftover in chronological precision, but she is the first member of the royal family buried in a pyramid that we have found. In 1966, Lauer himself detected the remains of Sekhemkhet’s son, the pharaoh who built the second pyramid.
The so-called Red Pyramid at Dahshur was built by Sneferu, the first ruler of the fourth dynasty. His remains appeared mummified in his pyramid, the first with smooth sides, in the manner of the three great and famous pyramids of Giza.
Sneferu was the father of Khufu, the architect of the Great Pyramid. We have no idea what happened to his mummy. Instead, we have the mummified viscera of a queen of the fourth dynasty, found in a subsidiary pyramid.
Egyptologists have long claimed that the pyramids were the tombs of the Egyptian pharaohs. Since 1997-1998, we have the evidence that defends it.
The mummy of King Neferefre, the fourth ruler of the fifth dynasty, was found in his tomb, which was left unfinished due to the pharaoh’s sudden death.
One of the most complete and best-preserved mummies found in a pyramid also belongs to the fifth dynasty. It is possibly the mummy of Reputnub, wife of Nyuserre, the last pharaoh to raise his pyramid at Abusir.
A handful of other finds demonstrate the evidence: the pyramids were built as tombs, and in them, the remains of the sovereigns and their wives have appeared.
Frank Navarro, muy historia
Mummies. The defeat of death in ancient Egypt. Criticism. Parra, JM 2010. |
Gout is becoming more and more common and it’s one of the worst issues to have…
So I fully understand why you’re interested in What Foods People With Gout Should Not Eat.
I’m working on a brand new video to go over What Foods People With Gout Should Not Eat in detail!
So I apologize for the delay.
Please however, this post may be really beneficial to you because we’ll be going over…
- What is Gout & can you get rid of it?
- How thousand’s of people have stopped gout pains
So let’s get into it. Sound good?
What Is Gout & Can You Get Rid Of It?
Let’s go over what exactly gout is and if you can get rid of it…
What is Gout?
Gout is a frequent but intricate kind of arthritis that can affect anybody also. The ultimate way to describe it is you may get sudden and severe painful attacks, swelling, redness and maybe even tenderness inside the joints, on the base of a big toe frequently!
Receiving attacked by gout can occur quick, and it’s frequently painful plenty of to wake you up in the middle of the night with the feeling of your major toe staying on literal fireplace. The affected joints is really sizzling, swollen and so tender that possibly the weight on the sheet on it might seem intolerable sometimes — it’s ultra painful!
Gout symptoms might are available and proceed, but you can find ways to manage symptoms preventing flares.
There’s one thing that’s worked best for us, which we’ll be going over shortly!
But for now, let’s answer the question of whether or not you can get rid of gout.
Can You Stop Gout?
It ought to be fairly clear why you’d need to get gone gout, but could it be in fact possible?
Sure is usually, but there’s not a one-size meets all solution.
Within the next section, we’ll come to be exceeding what’s worked best for us!
You won’t want to lose out on this free video.
NOTICE: I’d highly recommend going to your doctor or seeing a specialist about this situation, since we aren’t experts. See our medical disclaimer for more details.
We don’t know what will work for you, but we know what’s worked for us and others…
What Foods People With Gout Should Not Eat
I’m incredibly sorry for the delay.
The full detailed video on What Foods People With Gout Should Not Eat is now out:
How Thousand’s Of People Have Stopped Gout Discomfort Eating Specific Foods
I acquired Shelly Manning’s gout program just over two years ago.
It’s called ‘The End of Gout’.
Also it does for me personally what it states over the cover precisely.
Because I no longer experience those excruciating gout problems.
And I don’t need to cancel plans just because a flare-up has got still left me unable to function properly.
I’m never going to experience any of that ever again.
And that’s because I right now learn how to ensure the fitness of my helpful gut bacteria. And how to not feed the unfriendly kinds.
I’m so thankful your choice was initially created by me to deal with gout myself.
Shelly’s program offered me everything I had a need to find out about how and why her approach functions so fantastically nicely.
She goes into some depth about your gut, its bacteria – and why scientists right now realize that recovering the gut heals your body.
However… it is possible to skip all that if you want to.
It is possible to get straight to the program itself simply. And start getting healthy again.
However you do it, you’ll be happy that you do.
The End of Gout – Your Ultimate Beginner’s System
Shelly Manning’s ‘The End of Gout’ is not only a fascinating read – it’s also refreshingly practical.
Shelly gives you two simple quick-starts:
Eat more of these
Eat fewer of these
This simple adjustment can correct many years of gout-causing errors within your eating. And you may start on this right away – within minutes of getting this program.That really helped my problem of What Foods People With Gout Should Not Eat.
A straightforward plan
The next step is to follow Shelly’s 7-day plan.
It tightens up the ‘quick start’ advice and turns it into a solid, follow-along program.
The 7-day plan was the real clincher for me.
I am a pretty average cook – I’m competent but not at all skilled or adventurous. Turns out I didn’t need to be.
The plan takes away all the thinking and gives me, for the first week, something I can simply copy.
After the first 7 days I used Shelly’s advice to adapt the plan according to my own tastes.
Which was pretty easy – the plan is full of options so you can try different foods and see what you like best.
It’s all food you can buy in your supermarket. And it includes lots of nice stuff… the chocolate and strawberries desserts were real winners in my house!
This isn’t a weight-loss system but…
This isn’t a weight-loss system. Hence there isn’t any calorie counting or portion control. I wasn’t hungry at all.
As a facet note, I essentially have now shed weight because of the program – but that’s extra regarding the fact that a wholesome gut means much less or no food cravings.
Bear in mind – it’s terrible bacteria that craves the meals – not necessarily you. When they’re eliminated they get their cravings with them.
I just does have got a gout flare-up about 10 days and nights after beginning the planned course.
It was milder than others noticeably. It was painful but lasted about 5 days from beginning to end. Which is significantly shorter than what I’m utilized to.
However, what I didn’t know at that time was this…
that attack was the last one I would ever have.
My gout didn’t announce that it got thrown in the towel.
It just… stopped.
I had that last attack and never had another one. I am gout-free for life.
Now it’s your turn to understand What Foods People With Gout Should Not Eat
Furthermore there’s right now a large number of us who no suffer gout because we tackled it at its cause more. Instead of just tinkering with the outward symptoms.
I’m one of them.
Remember, I got gout for exactly the same factors it really is acquired by at this point you.
An poor gut microbiome intended that bacteria which should have been eliminating another of my body’s uric acid… easily wasn’t.
That bacteria experienced diminished to the stage that my kidneys had been trying to cope with the acid independently.
And they couldn’t cope.
Nor can yours.
It wasn’t i was suddenly producing an excessive amount of uric acid. It’s that my gut was no longer in a position to support my kidneys take it off from my body.
By pursuing Shelly Manning’s program I ate myself back again to health.
And the transformation – from gout to no gout – felt like magic almost.
You can possibly imagine it yourself.. what it would be like to simply never have any gout ever again.
Take my word for it, it’s wonderful!
No flare-ups, no pain, no being laid-up in bed for days waiting for the pain to subside.
No wanting to know if some long term function will undoubtedly be messed up because I’m laid up in agony with another episode.
Just as pleasing is that I’ve greatly reduced my hazards of troubled diabetes as well, kidney failure, cardiovascular disease and some cancers.
Shelly’s program lays it all out for us. No special knowledge is required. I found it easy.
I hope this detailed post about What Foods People With Gout Should Not Eat helped you out! |
The Re-Writing of Jewish Music and Libretti: Handel’s Judas Maccabaeus
George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) was a German-born Baroque composer. Handel travelled to Italy before settling in England, were he composed the majority of his operas and oratorios. Many of Handel’s oratorios use Old Testament texts and settings which celebrate Jewish history and the triumph of the Jewish people through adversity. Under the Nazis, art that depicted Jews in a positive way was forbidden, but Handel’s oratorios were too highly regarded to be dismissed. Instead the Nazis changed the texts and settings of Handel’s most popular Old Testament oratorios so that they no longer depicted Jewish triumph. The oratorio that caused the Nazis the most problems was Judas Maccabaeus, a work based on the Old Testament story depicting the Jews’ fight to prevent their religion from being destroyed.
Even before the Nazis came to power, Handel’s music had been politically appropriated by German musicologists. At the 1922 Handel festival in Halle, musicologist Alfred Heuß made a speech arguing that Germany might have won the First World War if only they had understood Handel’s music: ‘England, which was in possession of Handel’s Messiah, conquered Germany, which was in possession of Bach’s St. Matthew Passion.’ From 1933 the Nazis attempted to rewrite certain historical facts. Early biographies, for example, had stated that Handel had become an English citizen, whereas new biographies claimed that this was untrue. Rather than having been influenced by English music, it was claimed that Handel had himself influenced English musical style, as two of his pupils wrote ‘Rule, Britannia,’ and ‘God Save the King.’
The oratorios, which were set to English-language texts, were important to the Nazis because underlying many of them was the theme of giving a voice to the people. The oratorios had also become very popular with both Jewish and non-Jewish singing groups and choral societies. Unfortunately for the Nazis, however, the impoverished people represented in many of the Old Testament oratorios, who stood strong against the enemy, were Jewish. Thus began the process of ‘dejudaizing’ Handel’s oratorios in order to edit out anything that was not in line with Nazi policy.
At a Handel festival to mark Handel’s 250th birthday in 1935, keynote speaker and Nazi visionary Alfred Rosenberg asserted that Handel’s greatest success, Judas Maccabaeus, was only a celebration of military victory, and discussed how difficult it must have been for Handel to set a text that corresponded “so little to the nature of his being.” Handel experts advised that German performers move away from ‘overly Judaized German translations’ of the oratorios. Interestingly, Goebbels disagreed with the Reichsmusikkammer (Reich Music Chamber), stating that works would be devalued if they were changed. Instead, Goebbels examined the Handel oratorios personally and concluded that nothing in the texts was controversial. Interestingly, while Jews were explicitly forbidden from performing works by Mozart and Beethoven, Handel’s oratorios were still being performed by Jewish groups until 1938.
In 1941 the Reichstelle für Musikbearbeitung (National Office for Music Production) began to rework the oratorios, and the texts for Israel in Egypt, Joshua and Samson were revised into Der Opfersieg bei Walstatt (Victory at the Battlefield), Die Ostlandfeier (Eastern Celebration) and the Wieland Oratorio, respectively. The NS-Kulturgemeinde (League for German Culture) ordered that Judas Maccabaeus be changed into Held und Friedenswerk (Hero and Labour of Peace), an ode to Hitler. The main changes in these works was the recasting of Jewish Biblical characters into anonymous heroes, and changing the setting of the works into historical events that would glorify the German military. Other versions of the oratorios emerged, including one by Hermann Stepheni, Der Feldherr (The General), in which the characters Joshua, Jesse and Lysias were anonymous, and Biblical references were changed, e.g. ‘Israel’ was changed to ‘Fatherland.’ In another version, Wilhelmus von Nassauen (which premiered on the day the Germans occupied the Rhineland in 1936), the setting was adjusted to depict the liberation of the Netherlands from Spanish domination. The character of Judas became William of Orange, and the song ‘Rejoice, O Judah’ became ‘Rejoice, Holland.’ That Judas Maccabaeus was subject to the most reworking of all the oratorios is evidence that the Nazis admired the work enough to prevent it from being banned altogether.
By Abaigh McKee
Grunberger, R. (1971) A Social History of the Third Reich (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson)
Hirsch, L. E. (1979) A Jewish Orchestra in Nazi Germany: musical politics and the Berlin Jewish Culture League (USA: University of Michigan Press)
Kater, M. H. (1997) The Twisted Muse: Musicians and Their Music in the Third Reich (USA: Oxford University Press)
Potter, P. M. (2001) ‘The Politicization of Handel and His Oratorios in the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich, and the Early Years of the German Democratic Republic’ The Musical Quarterly, 85 (2) 311-341. |
Use the following business rules to create a Crow’s Foot ERD. Write all appropriate connectivities and cardinalities in the ERD.
A department employs many employees, but each employee is employed by only one department.
Some employees, known as “rovers,” are not assigned to any department.
A division operates many departments, but each department is operated by only one division.
An employee may be assigned many projects, and a project may have many employees assigned to it.
A project must have at least one employee assigned to it.
One of the employees manages each department, and each department is managed by only one employee.
One of the employees runs each division, and each division is run by only one employee.
SAVE AS: ch4_question1_deleon.doc
Create a complete ERD in Crow’s Foot notation that can be implemented in the relational model using the following description of operations. Hot Water (HW) is a small start-up company that sells spas. HW does not carry any stock. A few spas are set up in a simple warehouse so customers can see some of the models available, but any products sold must be ordered at the time of the sale
HW can get spas from several different manufacturers.
Each manufacturer produces one or more different brands of spas.
Each and every brand is produced by only one manufacturer.
Every brand has one or more models.
Every model is produced as part of a brand. For example, Iguana Bay Spas is a manufacturer that produces Big Blue Iguana spas, a premium-level brand, and Lazy Lizard spas, an entry-level brand. The Big Blue Iguana brand offers several models, including the BBI-6, an 81-jet spa with two 6-hp motors, and the BBI- 10, a 102-jet spa with three 6-hp motors.
Every manufacturer is identified by a manufacturer code. The company name, address, area code, phone number, and account number are kept in the system for every manufacturer.
For each brand, the brand name and brand level (premium, mid-level, or entry level) are kept in the system.
For each model, the model number, number of jets, number of motors, number of horsepower per motor, suggested retail price, HW retail price, dry weight, water capacity, and seating capacity must be kept in the system.
SAVE AS: ch4_question2_deleon.doc
The Jonesburgh County Basketball Conference (JCBC) is an amateur basketball association. Each city in the county has one team as its representative. Each team has a maximum of 12 players and a minimum of 9 players. Each team also has up to 3 coaches (offensive, defensive, and physical training coaches). During the season, each team plays 2 games (home and visitor) against each of the other teams. Given those conditions, do the following:
Identify the connectivity of each relationship.
Identify the type of dependency that exists between CITY and TEAM.
Identify the cardinality between teams and players and between teams and city.
Identify the dependency between COACH and TEAM and between TEAM and PLAYER.
Draw the Chen and Crow’s Foot ERDs to represent the JCBC database.
Draw the UML class diagram to depict the JCBC database.
SAVE AS: ch4_question3_deleon.doc
Create an ERD based on the Crow’s Foot notation using the following requirements:
An INVOICE is written by a SALESREP. Each sales representative can write many invoices, but each invoice is written by a single sales representative.
The INVOICE is written for a single CUSTOMER. However, each customer can have many invoices.
An INVOICE can include many detail lines (LINE), each of which describes one product bought by the customer.
The product information is stored in a PRODUCT entity.
The product’s vendor information is found in a VENDOR entity.
SAVE AS: ch4_question4_deleon.doc
The Hudson Engineering Group (HEG) has contacted you to create a conceptual model whose application will meet the expected database requirements for the company’s training program. The HEG administrator gives you the following description of the training group’s operating environment. (Hint: Some of the following sentences identify the volume of data rather than cardinalities. Can you tell which ones?)
The HEG has 12 instructors and can handle up to 30 trainees per class. HEG offers 5 Advanced Technology courses, each of which may generate several classes. If a class has fewer than 10 trainees, it will be canceled. Therefore, it is possible for a course not to generate any classes. Each class is taught by one instructor. Each instructor may teach up to 2 classes or may be assigned to do research only. Each trainee may take up to 2 classes per year.
Given that information, do the following:
a. Define all of the entities and relationships.
b. Describe the relationship between instructor and class in terms of connectivity, cardinality, and existence dependence.
SAVE AS: ch4_question5_deleon.doc
Automata, Inc., produces specialty vehicles by contract. The company operates several departments, each of which builds a particular vehicle, such as a limousine, truck, van, or RV.
Before a new vehicle is built, the department places an order with the purchasing department to request specific components. Automata’s purchasing department is interested in creating a database to keep track of orders and to accelerate the process of delivering materials.
The order received by the purchasing department may contain several different items. An inventory is maintained so the most frequently requested items are delivered almost immediately. When an order comes in, it is checked to determine whether the requested item is in inventory. If an item is not in inventory, it must be ordered from a supplier. Each item may have several suppliers.
Given that functional description of the processes at Automata’s purchasing department, do the following:
a. Identify all of the main entities.
b. Identify all of the relations and connectivities among entities.
c. Identify the type of existence dependence in all the relationships.
d. Give at least two examples of the types of reports that can be obtained from the database.
SAVE AS: ch4_question6_deleon.doc
United Helpers is a nonprofit organization that provides aid to people after natural disasters. Based on the following brief description of operations, create the appropriate fully labeled Crow’s Foot ERD.
Volunteers carry out the tasks of the organization. The name, address, and telephone number are tracked for each volunteer. Each volunteer may be assigned to several tasks, and some tasks require many volunteers. A volunteer might be in the system without having been assigned a task yet. It is possible to have tasks that no one has been assigned. When a volunteer is assigned to a task, the system should track the start time and end time of that assignment.
Each task has a task code, task description, task type, and task status. For example, there may be a task with task code “101,” a description of “answer the telephone,” a type of “recurring,” and a status of “ongoing.” Another task might have a code of “102,” a description of “prepare 5,000 packages of basic medical supplies,” a type of “packing,” and a status of “open.”
For all tasks of type “packing,” there is a packing list that specifies the contents of the packages. There are many packing lists to produce different packages, such as basic medical packages, child-care packages, and food packages. Each packing list has an ID number, a packing list name, and a packing list description, which describes the items that should make up the package. Every packing task is associated with only one packing list. A packing list may not be associated with any tasks, or it may be associated with many tasks. Tasks that are not packing tasks are not associated with any packing list.
Packing tasks result in the creation of packages. Each individual package of supplies produced by the organization is tracked, and each package is assigned an ID number. The date the package was created and its total weight are recorded. A given package is associated with only one task. Some tasks (such as “answer the phones”) will not produce any packages, while other tasks (such as “prepare 5,000 packages of basic medical supplies”) will be associated with many packages.
The packing list describes the ideal contents of each package, but it is not always possible to include the ideal number of each item. Therefore, the actual items included in each package should be tracked. A package can contain many different items, and a given item can be used in many different packages.
Each item that the organization provides has an item ID number, item description, item value, and item quantity on hand stored in the system. Along with tracking the actual items that are placed in each package, the quantity of each item placed in the package must be tracked as well. For example, a packing list may state that basic medical packages should include 100 bandages, 4 bottles of iodine, and 4 bottles of hydrogen peroxide. However, because of the limited supply of items, a given package may include only 10 bandages, 1 bottle of iodine, and no hydrogen peroxide. The fact that the package includes bandages and iodine needs to be recorded along with the quantity of each item included. It is possible for the organization to have items that have not been included in any package yet, but every package will contain at least one item.
SAVE AS: ch4_question7_deleon.doc
Using the Crow’s Foot notation, create an ERD that can be implemented for a medical clinic using the following business rules:
A patient can make many appointments with one or more doctors in the clinic, and a doctor can accept appointments with many patients. However, each appointment is made with only one doctor and one patient.
Emergency cases do not require an appointment. However, for appointment management purposes, an emergency is entered in the appointment book as “unscheduled.”
If kept, an appointment yields a visit with the doctor specified in the appointment. The visit yields a diagnosis and, when appropriate, treatment.
With each visit, the patient’s records are updated to provide a medical history.
Each patient visit creates a bill. Each patient visit is billed by one doctor, and each doctor can bill many patients.
Each bill must be paid. However, a bill may be paid in many installments, and a payment may cover more than one bill.
A patient may pay the bill directly, or the bill may be the basis for a claim submitted to an insurance company.
If the bill is paid by an insurance company, the deductible is submitted to the patient for payment.
SAVE AS: ch4_question8_deleon.doc
Create a Crow’s Foot notation ERD to support the following business operations:
A friend of yours has opened Professional Electronics and Repairs (PEAR) to repair smartphones, laptops, tablets, and MP3 players. She wants you to create a database to help her run her business.
When a customer brings a device to PEAR for repair, data must be recorded about the customer, the device, and the repair. The customer’s name, address, and a contact phone number must be recorded (if the customer has used the shop before, the information already in the system for the customer is verified as being current). For the device to be repaired, the type of device, model, and
serial number are recorded (or verified if the device is already in the system). Only customers who have brought devices into PEAR for repair will be included in this system.
Since a customer might sell an older device to someone else who then brings the device to PEAR for repair, it is possible for a device to be brought in for repair by more than one customer. However, each repair is associated with only one customer. When a customer brings in a device to be fixed, it is referred to as a repair request, or just “repair,” for short. Each repair request is given a reference number, which is recorded in the system along with the date of the request, and a description of the problem(s) that the customer wants fixed. It is possible for a device to be brought to the shop for repair many different times, and only devices that are brought in for repair are recorded in the system. Each repair request is for the repair of one and only one device. If a customer needs multiple devices fixed, then each device will require its own repair request.
There are a limited number of repair services that PEAR can perform. For each repair service, there is a service ID number, description, and charge. “Charge” is how much the customer is charged for the shop to perform the service, including any parts used. The actual repair of a device is the performance of the services necessary to address the problems described by the customer. Completing a repair request may require the performance of many services. Each service can be performed many different times during the repair of different devices, but each service will be performed only once during a given repair request.
All repairs eventually require the performance of at least one service, but which services will be required may not be known at the time the repair request is made. It is possible for services to be available at PEAR but that have never been required in performing any repair.
Some services involve only labor activities and no parts are required, but most services require the replacement of one or more parts. The quantity of each part required in the performance of each service should also be recorded. For each part, the part number, part description, quantity in stock, and cost is recorded in the system. The cost indicated is the amount that PEAR pays for the part. Some parts may be used in more than one service, but each part is required for at least one service.
SAVE AS: ch4_question9_deleon.doc
Luxury-Oriented Scenic Tours (LOST) provides guided tours to groups of visitors to the Washington, D.C. area. In recent years, LOST has grown quickly and is having difficulty keeping up with all of the various information needs of the company. The company’s operations are as follows:
LOST offers many different tours. For each tour, the tour name, approximate length (in hours), and fee charged is needed. Guides are identified by an employee ID, but the system should also record a guide’s name, home address, and date of hire. Guides take a test to be qualified to lead specific tours. It is important to know which guides are qualified to lead which tours and the date
that they completed the qualification test for each tour. A guide may be qualified to lead many different tours. A tour can have many different qualified guides. New guides may or may not be qualified to lead any tours, just as a new tour may or may not have any qualified guides.
Every tour must be designed to visit at least three locations. For each location, a name, type, and official description are kept. Some locations (such as the White House) are visited by more than one tour, while others (such as Arlington Cemetery) are visited by a single tour. All locations are visited by at least one tour. The order in which the tour visits each location should be tracked as well.
When a tour is actually given, that is referred to as an “outing.” LOST schedules outings well in advance so they can be advertised and so employees can understand their upcoming work schedules. A tour can have many scheduled outings, although newly designed tours may not have any outings scheduled. Each outing is for a single tour and is scheduled for a particular date and time. All outings must be associated with a tour. All tours at LOST are guided tours, so a guide must be assigned to each outing. Each outing has one and only one guide. Guides are occasionally asked to lead an outing of a tour even if they are not officially qualified to lead that tour. Newly hired guides may not have ever been scheduled to lead any outings. Tourists, called “clients” by LOST, pay to join a scheduled outing. For each client, the name and telephone number are recorded. Clients may sign up to join many different outings, and each outing can have many clients. Information is kept only on clients who have signed up for at least one outing, although newly scheduled outings may not have any clients signed up yet.
a. Create a Crow’s Foot notation ERD to support LOST operations.
b. The operations provided state that it is possible for a guide to lead an outing of a tour even if the guide is not officially qualified to lead outings of that tour. Imagine that the business rules instead specified that a guide is never, under any circumstance, allowed to lead an outing unless he or she is qualified to lead outings of that tour. How could the data model in Part a. be modified to enforce this new constraint?
SAVE AS: ch4_question10_deleon.doc |
VoIP Services: Connect Whenever and Wherever
A great many people find it challenging to settle on a decision to their family members and companions from different nations. One of the primary reasons is the significant expense of the calls and a few interchanges obstacles.
However, through the development of VoIP, the world has turned into a more modest spot and those obstacles aren't close to as high.
With regards to VoIP telecom administrations, there are loads of advantages that can be utilized as a resource by the client.
VoIP has many administrations like limitless nearby and significant distance calling. Not just that, there are additionally includes that makes VoIP much more helpful, similar to guest ID, Find Me, Call Waiting and some more.
There is some discussion, and bits of gossip circling that the nature of VoIP administration isn't clear contrasted with conventional telephone administration. There are additionally a few cases that the nature of calls isn't far superior to cell administrations. Yet, obviously the organizations that are making these cases about VoIP conceded that there is no correspondence delay while talking on a VoIP telephone.
How does VoIP administrations function?
To simplify everything, a VoIP administration empowers the guest to utilize fast web association. This association is otherwise called broadband. The broadband associates the guest to the assigned beneficiary by utilizing the Internet.
VoIP administrations can call anybody given that the assigned area has a telephone. The individual that the clients needs to converse with needs to have their very own VoIP telephone. However long they have a telephone and a telephone number obviously, they can be reached by the VoIP administrations.
The VoIP supplier will lessen voice and convert it carefully to go through a few channels. The digitized voice, as it goes through the channel, will be sent over the Internet.
The digitized voice will then, at that point, be assembled back to traverse the less than desirable end. It would be the time that the collector will hear and figure out the digitized voice lastly start their discussion.
By along these lines, the VoIP client can limit the significant distance call rate on account of the utilization of Internet. Charges and other additional rates are deductable. Actually, it removes the rate transporters completely.
The nature of voice transmission is really remarkable, clear and intentional. It outperforms conventional telephone administrations in quality and above all in moderateness.
What are the devices to utilize VoIP Services?
One of the most crucial hardware is the web association. The web association ought to be quick and exact.
Another instrument is a broadband link switch that will allow the client to send the voice to the web. It is likewise answerable for parting the web association. A VoIP relevant phone set.
A telephone transmitter gadget. Regularly the VoIP provider gives it.
The devices will be developed along these lines: The Internet association from the PC will assemble the voice from the client. From that point forward, the voice will attach to the switch which associates with the gave telephone converter. The switches will associate the voice to the customary telephone.
As may be obvious, the mechanical part of the VoIP can be to some degree complex, but since of additional developments, the VoIP framework suppliers have simplified it and easy.
These days, VoIP administration can be set up quickly. VoIP is absolutely the key for quick, exact and modest significant distance calls.
For more info :- |
In the Horyzon project "My Body, My Right, My Future", Tambua Peter Donato Alfred acquired useful knowledge about the female and male body as well as about sexual and reproductive health. Topics like that are taboo in South Sudan, leading to teenage pregnancies, among other things.
Zivildienstleistender Horyzon Community Servant
Back to an independent and social life
The psychosocial therapy of Horyzon's reintegration program helped 18-year-old Kareem out of the negative spiral of his feelings and back into a... |
3 edition of Slips of tongue and pen found in the catalog.
Slips of tongue and pen
J. H. Long
|Statement||by J.H. Long.|
|Series||CIHM/ICMH Microfiche series -- no. 08186|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||2 microfiches (58 fr.).|
|Number of Pages||58|
By focusing on conflicting feelings, both conscious and unconscious, Freud () was able to make sense of a variety of everyday phenomena (slips of the tongue and pen, dreams, forgetting, and so. The tongue slips into (recently learned) patterns * Gary S. Dell and Jill A. Warker University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Abstract Speech errors reflect linguistic knowledge. For example, phonological errors follow language-wide phonotactic constraints such as the fact that [h] must be an onset in . What is the funniest slip of the tongue you have experienced? 27 comments. share. save hide report. 73% Upvoted. This thread is archived. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Sort by. best. level 1. Comment deleted by user 4 years ago (1 child) level 2. super_nat 4 points .
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This is a reproduction of a book published before This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of Author: J. Long. Additional Physical Format: Online version: Long, J.H.
Slips of tongue and pen. New York, D. Appleton and Co., (OCoLC) Document Type: Book. Definition of a slip of the tongue/pen in the Idioms Dictionary. a slip of the tongue/pen phrase. What does a slip of the tongue/pen expression mean.
Now take your time while writing these test essays—you don't want a few slips of the pen to be the reason you get a lower grade.
See also: of, pen, slip. slip of the tongue. Slip of the Tongue is absolutely enthralling. Jessica Hawkins continues to be one of the most underrated contemporary romance authors today.
I ADORED this book!!. I am personally a fan of love triangles in books I know, a little strange, but I love the emotion, the forbidden-love aspect and and the thrill of it all/5.
Comparisons of Slips across Modalities 8. References This article reviews available data on spontaneous and evoked slips of the pen, tongue, and typewriter, and concludes that slips of the pen and typewriter exhibit different regularities from slips of the tongue.
A Freudian slip, also called parapraxis, is a slip of the tongue that seems to inadvertently reveal an unconscious thought or attitude.
This concept dates back to the research of Sigmund Freud, the founder of : Tori Bilcik. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Errors in Linguistic Performance: Slips of the Tongue, Ear, Pen, and Hand by Victoria Fromkin (, Hardcover) at the best online prices at eBay.
Free shipping for many products. Definition and example of slip of the tongue. Richard Nordquist is a freelance writer and former professor of English and Rhetoric who wrote college-level Grammar and Composition textbooks.
A slip of the tongue is a mistake in speaking, usually trivial, sometimes amusing. Author: Richard Nordquist. Get Textbooks on Google Play. Rent and save from the world's largest eBookstore. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. The result is a slip of the tongue. And that, he believes, is a good thing.
A language-production system that is error-prone allows for the "novel production" of words. The most trivial slips of the tongue or pen, Freud believed, can reveal our secret ambitions, worries, and fantasies.
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life ranks among his most enjoyable works. Starting with the story of how he once forgot the name of an Italian painter-and how a young acquaintance mangled a quotation from Virgil through fears that his girlfriend might be pregnant-it brings /5(2).
Additional Physical Format: Print version: Long, J.H. Slips of tongue and pen. New York, D. Appleton and Co., (OCoLC) Material Type: Document, Internet. Errors in speech and writing are common, and for this reason, it’s not quite known what the origin of the idiom “a slip of the tongue” is.
What is known is that the term is closely related to an earlier one, “slip of the pen,” which dates to the s; the idiom “slip of the tongue” became popular sometime around errors in speech and writing (slips of the tongue and slips of the pen), there are papers on errors in auditory perception (slips of the ear).
More- over, reflecting the burgeoning research on manual languages, there is a paper on produc- tion errors in American Sign Language (slips of the hand).
Errors in Linguistic Performance succeedsAuthor: Naomi S. Baron. Definition of slip of the pen in the Idioms Dictionary. slip of the pen phrase. What does slip of the pen expression mean.
Now take your time while writing these test essays—you don't want a few slips of the pen to be the reason you get a lower grade. See also: of, pen, slip. slip of the pen (or the tongue) a minor mistake in writing. Slips of Tongue and Pen - J.
Long | Buy online on Trieste. German. Trieste Publishing has a massive catalogue of classic book titles.
Our aim is to provide readers with the highest quality reproductions of fiction and non-fiction literature that has stood the test of time. The many thousands of books in our collection have been sourced.
I hope she doesn't take any slight, it was a slip of the tongue. I had no intention of saying that to her, it was a slip of the tongue. Slipping of the tongue may put you in trouble someday. During the speech, one slip of the tongue spoiled the image of a great leader. Origin.
A slip of the pen was first reported to be used in the s by a. Errors in Linguistic Performance book. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. Start by marking “Errors in Linguistic Performance: Slips of the Tongue, Ear, Pen, and Hand” as Want to Read: Want to Read saving /5(4).
Linguists have collected and analyzed slips of the tongue at least as far back as the 8th century when the Arab linguist Al-Ki-sa-i wrote his book, Errors of the populace. The Arab scholar's interest in such errors was based on the belief that they might provide clues as to how language changes.
Famous Slips of the Tongue. Septemmelanie, Leave a comment. In a talkative world, slips of the tongue are normal and every one of us can think of countless numbers where we have used an inappropriate word when talking to our friends. Victoria Alexandra Fromkin (née Victoria Landish; – Janu ) was an American linguist who taught at studied slips of the tongue, mishearing, and other speech errors and applied this to phonology, the study of how the sounds of a language are organized in the : Victoria Alexandra Landish.
Slips of the Tongue. Before there was Fowler's, there was Fowler. Out of the slips, he re-created the tongue. Advertisement.
It is a book about idiom, and idiom is language in its moral Author: Louis Menand. • In all the excitement the Registrar, Mrs Molly Croll, suffered a slip of the pen. • Much of the humour derives from slips of the tongue, an occupational hazard.
• One slip of the tongue would have betrayed all I was working for. • He had made an unfortunate slip of the tongue himself. (idiomatic) A mistake in handwriting Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Restraint of pen and tongue is a valuble lesson to me. OMG all those crazy emails that were sent when I was an active alcoholic. So now when I come across a dilema or an important decision I try if possible to take 24 hours before answereing.
slip of the tongue meaning: 1. something that you say by accident when you intended to say something else: 2. something that. Learn more. It is a moment which happened with my friend’s wife .and boy oh boy I swear she wanted to cut off her tongue too!!.
One of my dearest friends got married recently and was preparing for a wonderful life coming his way. As soon as he settled down w.
Parapraxis is a term which could be translated into faulty acts, which are, for instance, "slips of the tongue", "slips of the pen", misreadings, mislayings of objects, undeliberate forgetness of sentences, names and places, etc /5(5). Define slip of the tongue. slip of the tongue synonyms, slip of the tongue pronunciation, slip of the tongue translation, English dictionary definition of slip of the tongue.
Noun 1. slip of the tongue - an accidental and usually trivial mistake in speaking misstatement - a statement that contains a mistake spoonerism. Slip of the tongue definition: If you describe something you said as a slip of the tongue, you mean that you said it by | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples.
After being sacked as secretary of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres inCharles Perrault decided to dedicate the last years of his life to first, he threw himself into the so-called Querelle des Anciens et des Moderns, a heated debate about the relative merits of classical and contemporary despite winning great acclaim for defending the.
Slips of the Tongue, Slips of the Pen. I wish to relate the crucial motif of the ‘tongue cutting the throat’ (already adumbrated in Scribbledehobble, JJA , Notebook v.A, ) to Joyce’s global linguistic strategy.
This has to be done in a genetic perspective, since Joyce’s reinscription of Author: Jean-Michel Rabaté. In Psycholinguistics Slips of Tongue are generally considered as Speech errors. Slips of the tongue have been the object of PSYCHOLINGUISTICS research since s. One of the most imprortant contributors is VICTORIA FROMKIN.
She contended that we switch initials consonants of words with a single clause. A speech error, commonly referred to as a slip of the tongue (Latin: lapsus linguae, or occasionally self-demonstratingly, lipsus languae) or misspeaking, is a deviation (conscious or unconscious) from the apparently intended form of an utterance.
They can be subdivided into spontaneously and inadvertently produced speech errors and intentionally produced word-plays or puns. The Relationship Between Tongue slips and the Field of Linguistics Zaynab Abbudi Ali (M. A) 16 tongue slip, i. e, the word that contains the slip and the word that influences it are often found within the same syntactic constituents or intonation /rhyme unit.
In this respect. A slip of the tongue definition is - something that is said by mistake. I also agree with KeithS: typo would be fine in many cases of "slips of the keyboard", however the "slip" idioms usually indicate more of a mistake in the writer's mind (wrong choice of word) than a typing error, as with "slip of the tongue".
"Typo" usually has to do with a small mistake involving a few letters, which the typist did not mean to. About The Psychopathology of Everyday Life. The most trivial slips of the tongue or pen, Freud believed, can reveal our secret ambitions, worries, and fantasies.
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life ranks among his most enjoyable ng with the story of how he once forgot the name of an Italian painter—and how a young acquaintance mangled a quotation from Virgil through fears that. The frequency with which slips of various types occur is known to vary because of a number of factors.
Fifteen different frequency effects will be described here. (1) The type effect. Anticipation slips of the tongue are more common than perseveration slips.
(2) The. Tongue is the pen. Donning some blanket of decorousness is not the prophet’s profession, not ever. Not that I’ve tasted the prophet’s honey or fire: I’m just a shocked, confounded fellow who’s standing here, pumping the bellows of his mellifluous sorrow.
Yet sorrow’s the thing for. In Psycholinguistics Slips of Tongue are generally considered as Speech errors. Slips of the tongue have been the object of PSYCHOLINGUISTICS research since s. One of the most imprortant contributors is VICTORIA FROMKIN.
She contended that we switch initials consonants of words with a single clause. 5.Winner of the PEN Open Book Award Winner of the Hurston/Wright Legacy Award in Poetry Some of these encounters are slights, seemingly slips of the tongue, and some are intentional offensives in the classroom, at the supermarket, at home, on the tennis court with Serena Williams and the soccer field with Zinedine Zidane, online, on TV.
Freud and the slip of the tongue Although the slip of the tongue phenomenon has always been around, Freud was the first to integrate it into a theory in his book Psychopathology of Everyday Life.
According to Freud, slips of the tongue reveal a ‘source outside the speech.’. |
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For decades, automated facial recognition systems have been used by law enforcement agencies to identify persons of interest. However, these systems are not without their limitations. Low lighting, poor picture resolution, facial coverings, and facial expressions can impede performance.
Gait recognition has the potential to replace facial recognition in certain conditions, as it is
plainly visible, perceivable at a distance and is something that can be captured non-invasively.
Defense scientists in Australia are exploring how individual walking styles may help in personal identification. The team is exploring how the characteristics of an individual’s gait could help in establishing a person’s identity.
Working with researchers from the University of Adelaide and Swordfish Computing, Australian Defense scientists Sau Yee Yiu and Gary Hanly are part of a team analysing different methods for capturing gait data.
Typically the focus has been on obtaining optical flow data and skeletal tracking data using a video camera or motion-sensing technology, however the team has also examined a method which uses ground-based pressure pads to measure the various forces at play when walking.
The purpose of the research is to demonstrate that different gait features can be extracted from a person and used to accurately identify them.
Gait recognition has been used in hospital settings to monitor the elderly and in sports science. However, there are limitations: An individual may change their gait when walking in a crowded space, for example. Even the health of the individual, their clothing and camera-viewing angles can change or obscure the walking pattern of a person and so affect recognition accuracy. There is also “gait spoofing” where an individual may intentionally alter their gait.
Future research is planned to address these limitations, including improvements to algorithms, which will enable gait features to be extracted from multiple people in a scene.
Using gait recognition in conjunction with face or other biometrics, or just by including other descriptors of a person such as their height, age and gender could improve the identification performance, as reported by defence.gov.au. |
Long range ballistic missiles, stealth aircraft, Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles and cruise missiles make up just part of the new and proliferating threat from the sky. Defence against this complex threat calls for networked surveillance and control systems as well as a layered architecture of short, medium and long range anti-air missiles.
British armed forces has recently unveiled its new air defense missile system Sky Sabre. The three main components of the Sky Sabre system include the MBDA CAMM mobile launcher unit mounted on 8×8 MAN truck, the Giraffe radar targeting system manufactured by Swedish Company SAAB and the control electronics suite provided by the Israeli Company Rafael.
Scheduled to enter service in 2020, Sky Sabre promises to bring a step change in air defence for the British Army, extending its capability from short to medium range, and bringing unprecedented speed, precision and reliability.
The CAMM (Common Anti-Air Modular Missile) series is a family of surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles developed by MBDA for the United Kingdom. The CAMM launcher unit is based on a MAN SV HX60 8×8 truck, mounting a crane for self-reloading, and 12 launch tubes for CAMM missiles mounted at the rear of the chassis. In road condition, the missiles are lowered to the rear part of the truck chassis. In firing position, two groups of six all-weather canister missile launchers are erected to the rear of the crew cabin.
The Rafael Advanced Defense Systems of the CAAM provides the battle management command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (BMC4I) Phase II element of the UK Sky Sabre ground-based air defense.
The contract, awarded on 15 December 2016 to Rafael included the supply of its Modular, Integrated C4I Air & Missile Defense System (MIC4AD) as the BMC4I solution for Sky Sabre; MIC4AD is core architecture for integration of the networked Land Ceptor air defense missile, the Saab Giraffe Agile Multi-Beam (AMB) medium-range 3-D radar surveillance system, and other key sensors systems as required by the British armed forces.
In August 2015, Saab has secured a contract to supply additional Giraffe agile multi-beam (AMB) radar systems and associated equipment to the UK Ministry of Defense (MoD). The Giraffe is a family of land and naval two or three-dimensional G / H-band passive electronically scanned array radars, and can classify and track fixed wing, helicopter, surface, jammer, and ballistic targets, while providing coastal surveillance.
The Giraffe radar is designed to provide a full 360° update of the air situation out to 120km every second, and is able to function in challenging environments, such as mountains, complex coastal regions and wind farm areas.
Future British air defense system supported by Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
The requirement was to deliver a Ground Based Air Defence (GBAD) capability along with an initial support solution for up to 5 years. This will include delivery of Battle Management Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (BMC4I) functionality, integrated with networked Land-Ceptor Launchers into a primary Fire Control Centre (FCC) which will centrally Command and Control missile engagements within the context of a wider Air Defence Command and Control (C2) Battle Management (ADBM) environment. An alternate FCC with medium mobility and capable of operating independently, will also be required in the event that the primary FCC/Control and Reporting Centre (CRC) are disabled.
Richard Smart, Director Weapons at Defence Equipment and Support, said: “The DE&S Weapons project team has working closely with Dstl colleagues to develop Sea Ceptor and Land Ceptor; vital air defence systems which will protect our Armed Forces personnel on operations against current and future threats. Together with industry we will continue to support the front-line commands as this world-beating equipment enters service in defense of our national security and interests.”
MBDA have laid out a roadmap for future air-launched CAMM as a possible future replacement for ASRAAM. As a possible replacement for Italian Armed Forces SPADA and ASPIDE, MBDA has also proposed an extended range version of CAMM, reportedly with a range in excess of 45km. The CAMM-ER missile will be integrated within the Enhanced Modular Air Defence Solutions (EMADS) system.
CAMM, the Common Anti-air Modular Missile, is the next generation air defence missile designed for land, sea and air environments
The Common Anti-air Modular Missile (CAMM) program is designed to provide the next generation of anti-air guided weapons for land, sea and airborne operations being fully compatible with existing command and control (C2) and sensors (radars etc) facilities.
The CAMM missile has a minimum operational range of less than 1 km and a maximum range greater than 25 km. It has a weight of 99 kilograms, a length of 3.2 meters, a diameter of 166 millimeters and reaches a supersonic speed of Mach 3 (or 1,020 meters per second). In flight, the missile can receive mid-course guidance via a data link before the active homing radar seeker takes over for the final approach to target.
The new missile family is designed to engage high-speed jets, helicopters, supersonic cruise missiles and sea-skimming antiship missiles. These missiles will use low-cost components and re-use software in order to achieve a significant reduction in customer costs. The 20-year project resulted in a multi-million-pound contract awarded to MBDA to build the next-generation Common Anti-air Modular Missile (CAMM).
The benefits of using a common solution for multiple platforms and services include:
- Common components can be used to create a modular weapon system
- Broad target set including high speed, manoeuvring, low signature targets in high level countermeasure environments
- Can be used with a variety of surveillance sensor systems
- Command and Control system common to all surface deployments
- Cost benefits of sharing missile stockpiles between the Army and Navy
- Affordability due to low procurement and through-life costs
Incorporating advanced technologies to provide complete protection against all known and projected air targets. CAMM is currently in full scale production for the UK MOD to deliver the Sea Ceptor ship based air defence system that will equip the Royal Navy Type 23 and future Type 26 frigates. The same CAMM missile will form the core of the land based air defence capability for the British Royal Artillery.
Sea Ceptor and Land Ceptor use innovative seeker and datalink technology to achieve a high degree of accuracy. The associated radar systems track the threat and the datalink is then used to update the missile with the location of the threat. The CAMM’s own active radar seeker can then take over the missile guidance. The missiles are designed to provide 360-degree coverage with a high degree of maneuverability.
By employing innovative technologies to enable a common solution across land and maritime domains, CAMM/Ceptor delivers approximately GBP1 billion worth of through-life savings within the complex weapons pipeline. Further savings are expected through export, for which two customers have already been confirmed.
In May, the Royal Navy completed its acceptance firing trials, resulting in an initial operating capability for HMS Argyll, with the Army land system also recently completing a successful firing from a pre-production launch vehicle. Sea Ceptor will provide local-area air defense to the Type 23 and Type 26 frigates, replacing Sea Wolf; Land Ceptor will replace the Rapier missile to deliver a state-of-the-art ground-based air defense capability.
A representative from Dstl’s Air Defense Weapons team, said: “Since its conception, Dstl and its predecessors have been involved throughout the development and procurement of both the Sea and Land Ceptor. Initial studies were conducted to define future capability needs, followed by a series of technology demonstrator projects, with Dstl providing technical direction to help ensure the end product was exploitable into the Ceptor projects.”
Missile, Soft launch System and Common Data Link
Each supersonic IM compliant CAMM weighs 100kg, approximately 20kg heavier than Sea Wolf and nearly double the weight of Rapier. Length is 3.2m and diameter, 0.16m. The missile itself takes a great deal from ASRAAM but it is not a surface launched ASRAAM with a new name. Common components include the very low signature rocket motor from Roxel, the warhead and proximity fuse from Thales
The RF seeker and open architecture electronics backbone are new, the latter is called Programmable Open Technology for Upgradable Systems or PrOTeUS and uses an IEEE 1394 Firewire bus technology as a starting point.
The soft vertical launch system that ejects the missile to a height of about 30m before a small a thruster fires to orientate the missile with the target location. This method is safer, removes the need to manage hot gas efflux in the launch silo and ensures all of the main rocket motor fuel is used for arriving at the target. Although range will, of course, be classified MBDA declare it as ‘in excess of 25km’
The Common Data Link (CDL) is the small ‘black box’ that sits on top of the mast, especially clear in pictures of FLAADS(L) although it doesn’t necessarily have to use the two-way data link to the launch vehicle, so, it could take mid-course corrections from any number of suitably equipped land or air platforms and then switch to active homing when it gets close enough. The original launch platform could have even moved by the time the missile hits.
The CAMM munition will replace the current in-service weapon in 2017 as the Royal Navy’s latest ship based air defence system. Known as Sea Ceptor it will be fitted to the Royal Navy’s Type 23 Frigates and will deliver significantly greater capability at a reduced cost in all operating environments than alternative systems. Sea Ceptor can operate from the SYLVER and Mk41 launchers using a quad-pack configuration to maximise packing density and for optimum installation on smaller ships.
The Soft Vertical Launch technology reduces system weight and provides flexible installation. The weapon’s Command and Control system is designed to be integrated into new or existing naval combat systems. A dedicated tracking radar is not required with Sea Ceptor as the weapon is able to use data provided by the ship’s surveillance radar, saving significant acquisition and support costs. One of the key benefits of the missile having an active RF seeker is that it removes the need for a fire control radar, of critical importance against saturation attacks.
It also has the added benefit of reducing complexity, cost and weight. It is this feature that is one of Sea Ceptor’s most attractive features in the export market.
The CAMM munition offers land based forces a highly effective and easily deployable, local area air defence system, as part of the Enhanced Modular Air Defence Solutions (EMADS), capable of operating as either a stand-alone unit or integrated within a battle space network. The use of third party target information from the wider battle space network allows the system to engage targets that are non line-of-sight from the local launcher or sensors. The light weight and compact designs allow multiple missiles to be carried by conventional wheeled vehicles.
The soft launch technology provides a true 360° air defence capability and a weapon system that can be easily concealed and quickly deployed without the need for dedicated search radars.
An interesting feature of the CAMM system in a land environment (Land Ceptor) is that it does not require the radar system to be co-located, opening possibilities for concealing the launch point and attacking non-line of sight targets. Linking the missile system into the Royal Artillery’s evolving Land Environment Air Picture (LEAAP) system which uses the Falcon trunk network, Saab Giraffe radars and Link 11/16 makes it a very hard target to locate and either suppress or destroy. |
Military commanders require means for detecting and anticipating long-term strategic instability. They have to get ahead and stay ahead of conflicts, whether those conflicts are within nation states, between nation states, and/or between non-nation states. In establishing or maintaining security in a region, cooperation and planning by the regional combatant commander is vital. It requires analysis of long-term strategic objectives in partnership with the regional nation states. Innovative tools provided by the quantitative and computational social sciences will enable military commanders to both prevent conflict and manage its aftermath when it does occur, write Sarah canna National security innovations (nsi), inc and Robert popp, Phd National security innovations (nsi), inc.
The Defense Sciences Office at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under NGS2 is soliciting innovative research proposals to build a new capability (methods, models, tools, and a community of researchers) to perform rigorous, reproducible experimental research at scales necessary to understand emergent properties of human social systems.
A scientific team led by the University of Pennsylvania has received an award from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to develop and validate reproducible methods for studying human social behavior. The award is part of DARPA’s new Next Generation Social Science program, or NGS2, which aims to revolutionize the speed, scale and rigor with which social science is performed.
“Many global trends, including conflicts among non-state groups and the growing influence of social media, point to the importance of social science for understanding the drivers of social and national stability,” Plotkin said. “We are excited about developing and applying cutting-edge science and technology to help social science become an even more predictive field and, in particular, to better understand the phenomenon of collective identity.”
Social science has its limitations, including technical and logistical limits to studying a large group that is representative of the population, says Adam Russell, DARPA program manager. “As a result, it’s been difficult for social scientists to determine what variables matter most in explaining their observations of human social systems and to move from documenting correlation to identifying causation. “This DARPA program will hopefully usher in a new research cycle of mechanistic modelling and hypothesis testing to make a predictive science of social phenomena,” Plotkin said.
DARPA NGS2 program
DARPA anticipates that the Next Generation Social Science (NGS2) program may require a fundamental reimagining of the social science research cycle and encourages participation from a wide and diverse combination of disciplines and skill sets – to include social sciences, but also physics, computer science, biology, game design, mathematics, and others. Specifically excluded is research that primarily results in incremental improvements to the existing state of practice.
Performers in the NGS2 program will work to determine fundamental measures and causal mechanisms that explain and predict the emergence of “collective identities.” A focus on “what matters most” for emergent social phenomena like collective identity presents an important and complex challenge to focus and validate new NGS2 research communities, tools, and methods. Note that while the NGS2 program will focus on collective identity formation as an exemplar research question,
DARPA anticipates that successful NGS2 capabilities will have benefits for tackling other complex problems and topics, including (but not limited to): resilience in social networks and structures, changes in cultural norms or beliefs, emergence of cooperation/competitions, social influences on preferences and cognition, etc.
Performance in the NGS2 program will occur in one of three categories: End-to-End (ETE), Enablers, and Test & Evaluation (T&E). Performers in the first two categories will focus on research and development and the third will perform independent testing and evaluation.
The NGS2 program is divided into two phases, a 24-month base period (Phase 1) with one 18- month option period (Phase 2). Each phase will consist of two research cycles. For the sake of clarity, this BAA will reference the conceptual elements of each research cycle in terms of the following Technical Areas (TAs), described in detail below:
TA1: Predictive Modeling and Hypothesis Generation;
TA2: Experimental Methods and Platforms;
TA3: Interpretation and Reproducibility
In Phase 1, performers will develop and demonstrate research tools and methods for rapidly testing and evaluating the accuracy of experimental hypotheses and predictions in multiple populations. DARPA-BAA-16-32/NGS2 BAA 5 Teams that demonstrate progress or promising technical approaches in support of NGS2 goals and TAs during Phase 1 may be encouraged to continue their research efforts in the next phase.
In Phase 2, performers will prove out their capabilities and demonstrate the replicability and rigor of their methodologies and models. Performers will evaluate their models’ external validity and robustness by scoring their predictive accuracy across the experiments of other Phase 2 performers. All proposers are expected to fully address how the proposed research will contribute to NGS2 program goals.
The proposal narrative should clearly explain the technical approach and fully describe the research and development required to build and test proposed methods, models and tools. Proposers must also describe how the work advances the state of the art as applied to social science in general and the exemplar problem in particular. Proposals should also identify the highest development, integration, and scaling risks involved and clearly describe how those risks will be mitigated early in the proposed effort.
Penn-led Team Receives DARPA Support to Develop ‘Next Generation’ Social Science
The grant provides the Penn-led, multi-disciplinary team with $2.95 million for two years, with a possible additional $2.3 million for a subsequent one-and-a-half years, dependent on progress, to further the goals of the NGS2 program, a key one being to develop a deeper understanding of the factors that drive the emergence or collapse of collective identity in human populations.
The team includes Joshua B. Plotkin, a professor in the Schools of Arts & Sciences’ Department of Biology, along with Erol Akçay, an assistant professor of biology at Penn; David Rand of Yale University; Simon Levin of Princeton University; Johan Bollen of Indiana University; and Alexander Stewart of University College London.
NGS2 also serves as a response to the so-called “reproducibility crisis” in the sciences, and the social sciences in particular, in which published findings have failed to be corroborated by follow-up studies. The program’s interest in applying rigorous methods to the social sciences aligns with a strategic strength of Penn Arts & Sciences, an emphasis on quantitative explorations of evolving systems.
The proposal by Plotkin and colleagues will encompass three scales of methods development and experimentation. On one level, the team will use game theory and evolutionary modeling to predict what factors govern group behaviors such as cooperation. The researchers will also put game theory into action, recruiting participants to play in-lab and online games in order to test model predictions for what conditions encourage a group to act as a cohesive whole. Finally, the research team will take advantage of massive datasets from such sources as Twitter to identify how social norms and collective identities arise and change over time in the real world.
“Our project is ambitious because it spans from mechanistic mathematical models to online experiments to observational studies of unfiltered social interactions,” Plotkin said. “We have assembled a group of researchers, drawn from a wide range of disciplines who all share a desire to help develop quantitative methods in the social sciences.”
Because the research involves studies on human subjects, it will be subject to IRB and human research protection offices’ review. Study subjects will be informed, consenting volunteers, and data will be de-identified to protect their privacy.
The DARPA award is structured with reproducibility built in: Each of the DARPA funded teams, after developing and testing its own models and hypotheses in the first phase of the project, will then cross-validate each other’s predictions in a second phase using their own study subjects. In addition, applying a relatively new practice in the social sciences, the researchers will pre-register all of their experimental plans in advance of performing them. This process, which requires laying out their hypotheses, protocols and planned analytical techniques, will help ensure proper, unbiased interpretation of results.
Social science modeling for Military and Security
In their book Poor Economics, Banerjee and Duflo propose that the development community has struggled to reduce global poverty because it does not adequately understand the subject and its root causes. The same may be true with population-centric conflict; the military has struggled due to an inadequate understanding of the effects of military interventions on the human dimension. Notably, despite billions of dollars spent to stabilize Iraq and Afghanistan, we know little about the causal effects regarding many programs, including the Commander’s Emergency Response Program (CERP).
Close collaboration between military and social scientists is one important factor in developing and delivering effective and efficient post-conflict reconstruction projects. As the author Jonathan Bate, an active duty US Army officer, an economics instructor in the Department of Social Sciences at West Point,rightly notes, both sides would benefit from this partnership. DoD can deepen its understanding of population-centric conflict and improve the effectiveness of its overseas stability operations through a stronger partnership with the social science research community.
The mission of the Department of Homeland Security Directorate for Science and Technology’s (DHS S&T) Human Factors Division is to apply the social and behavioral sciences to improve detection, analysis, and understanding of the threats posed by individuals, groups, and radical movements; to support the preparedness, response, and recovery of communities impacted by catastrophic events; and to advance national security by integrating human factors into homeland security technologies
Interdisciplinary quantitative and computational social science methods from mathematics, statistics, economics, political science, cultural anthropology, sociology, neuroscience, and modeling and simulation – coupled with advanced visualization techniques such as visual analytics – provide analysts and commanders with a needed means for understanding the cultures, motivations, intentions, opinions, perceptions, and people in troubled regions of the world.
Computational Social Science (CSS) is the investigation of social phenomena at any level of micromacro complexity enabled by computer models, especially (but not exclusively) through object oriented, agent-based models (ABMs) and other simulation tools. Social science modeling has evolved from statistic analysis, game, and decision theory to automated information extraction, social network modeling, social geography, complexity theory, systems dynamics modeling, agent based modeling, and many simulation methods.
These social science modeling and visualization techniques apply at multiple levels of analysis, from cognition to strategic decision-making. They allow forecasts about conflict and cooperation to be understood at all levels of data aggregation from the individual to groups, tribes, societies, nation states, and the globe. These analytic techniques use the equations and algorithms of dynamical systems and visual analytics, and are based on models: models of reactions to external influences, models of reactions to deliberate actions, and stochastic models that inject uncertainties. Continued research in the areas of social science modeling and visualization are vital. However, the product of these research efforts can only be as good as the models, theories, and tools that underlie the effort.
While the DoD and DHS are changing their orientation to quantitative/computational social science modeling, difficulties and challenges remain. First, opportunities and challenges in the theoretical domain include the need for better, scientifically grounded theories to explain socio-cultural phenomena related to national security. Better theories affect modeling on all levels. They yield clarified assumptions, better problem scoping and data collection, a common language to interpret analysis, and inform visualization options. Quantitative/computational social science presents the opportunity to integrate theories, explore their applicability, and test their validity.
References and Resources also include: |
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We all need to get the a sense of owed so you can connection to all of the around us feeling driven and also to enthused. Without one, we’re able to grapple with aloneness so you can so called anomie, a breakdown of social alliance. Fitness has been found become an excellent way to improve interactions. Regular working out offers a sense of framework so you can mission therefore it is specifically invaluable when suffering from a change words in our life. |
In a meeting between Iranian Deputy Culture Minister Seyyed Abbas Salehi and representatives of monotheistic religions here in the Iranian capital, both sides praised the age-old coexistence of followers of all divine religions in Iran in peace and security.
The meeting was held on Tuesday night by the Iranian Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance in Tehran’s Hotel Enqelab in a bid to commemorate the 37th anniversary of the Islamic Revolution’s victory.
Followers of All Religions in Iran Proud of Being Iranian
“Since we all live in Iran, we share lots of commonalities, and have experienced common joys and hardship. We have all lived in the same culture; we have spoken and speak the same language; and being Iranian is our honor. We all follow the same manifesto, and that is the monotheistic religion. The common origin, belief in resurrection, common ethical values, and tens and hundreds of other religious commonalities,” Salehi said.
Monotheistic Religions to Prevent Human Beings from Spiritual Depletion
He further pointed to the common concerns shared by followers of monotheistic religions, saying, “We are living in a time when we have a lot of common concerns. On the one hand, the world is gradually being depleted spiritually, and human beings are getting void of meaning. Here is where monotheistic religions should once again restore meaning to the world and human being. Ethical values can also save the modern human being.”
He further referred to the social institution of family as the essence of human kind, stressing that this institution is in danger and monotheistic religions can save it, helping it survive and continue its existence.
Divine Religions Working against Extremist Movements
Salehi also pointed to the emergence of extremist movements in the world as one of the other concerns all monotheistic religions share.
“One of the important points in this era of extremist religious movements is that in whichever religion they emerge, it leads to the collapse of that religion. Monotheistic religions can counter these Takfiri and extremist movements,” he noted.
“Our Iranian origin and the common worries of the modern human being make us closer than ever. The atmosphere in Iran can be a shelter for these common concerns,” the Iranian official added.
He further highlighted Iran’s history of religious tolerance, saying, “Tolerance for other religions and Iran’s interpretation of Islam, which introduces a rational Islam based on the teachings of Ahl-ul-Bayt(Household of Holy Prophet of Islam), is a place for coexistence of religions and cooperation in the time of modern human’s crisis.”
Salehi summed up his speech by expressing his pleasure with attending the ceremony, saying that he is very happy for taking part in a ceremony hosted by representatives of monotheistic religions.
Iran, Cradle of Peaceful Coexistence of Religions
During the meeting, Armenian Orthodox primate of the diocese of Tehran, Archbishop Sebouh Sarkissian hailed the numerous religious commonalities between monotheistic religions, saying, “The more religions know about each other, the more peaceful coexistence they can have.”
He went on to say that the attendance of monotheistic religions’ representatives in this meeting displays a “beautiful picture of our Iran”, which for several centuries has been the cradle of peaceful coexistence among followers of monotheistic religions.
“The Islamic Revolution led to the coexistence of these monotheistic religions, and for the first time, the rights of religious minorities were respected in the Constitution,” the Armenian archbishop added.
Iranian Nation Achieves Whatever It Wants
When the Islamic Revolution took place 37 years ago in this country, the world looked at it with enmity and indifference, Sarkissian said, stressing that these enemies waged the Iraqi imposed war on Iran and imposed numerous sanctions against Iran.
“During the past 37 years, Iranian people believed in this revolution, and resisted all problems through their strong will,” he added.
He also congratulated Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani on the victory of Islamic Revolution on behalf of the representatives of monotheistic religions.
Iranian Zoroastrians, Muslims Have Coexisted Peacefully throughout History
Head of Iran’s Zoroastrian Priests Council Ardeshir Khorshidian also said in this meeting that monotheistic religions have a lot to share with each other.
Almost all religions are on the same boat when it comes to the issue of faith, which is aimed at making better human beings, he added.
Khorshidian further pointed to the coexistence of Muslim and Zoroastrian people of Iran throughout the history, and noted, “As one of the religious minorities, we have been living for a long time besides the Iranian people, and will spare no effort in the path of Iran.”
“We have always believed one should think in a humane way, work in a national way, and we will go on our life with our own faith, which is Zoroastrianism,” he said. |
Practice Relating to Rule 143. Dissemination of International Humanitarian Law among the Civilian Population
According to the Report on the Practice of Cuba, IHL is taught in the law faculties’ departments of international law and is included in postgraduate courses in Cuba.
At the 27th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent in 1999, Cuba solemnly pledged to “continue promoting dissemination of the norms and principles governing international humanitarian law, with a view to heightening the population’s awareness thereof”.
In 2010, in its report to the UN General Assembly on the Status of the 1977 Additional Protocols, Cuba stated:
Cuba has a great deal of experience in the dissemination and teaching of international humanitarian law. The Centre for Studies in International Humanitarian Law was established in Cuba more than 15 years ago … . Cuba has thus been able to include international humanitarian law in the curricula of the national education system. It has also contributed to the dissemination and teaching of international humanitarian law among foreign students in Cuba and professionals from Central America and the Caribbean.
The Centre, which was recently fully accredited as a postgraduate teaching institution for the National Health System, is under the University Of Medical Sciences Of Havana.
The Centre offers, inter alia, basic courses for instructors, postgraduates and degree holders, as well as workshops and lectures. It is involved in various national and international events, promoting an active exchange of up-to-date information on international humanitarian law. …
The Cuban Red Cross Society, the National Union of Jurists, universities and schools of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, Ministry of the Interior and Ministry of Public Health are also involved in the dissemination and teaching of international humanitarian law, for their respective audiences.
Cuba reaffirms its readiness to provide further assistance to the ICRC and Red Cross societies of different countries in their noble task of spreading knowledge of international humanitarian law in Cuban society and in other countries.
In 2010, in a statement before the UN General Assembly on the status of the Protocols Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Armed Conflicts, the representative of Cuba stated:
[Cuba] … has also accumulated experience in the dissemination and instruction of international humanitarian law. We have a Centre for the Study of International Humanitarian Law, … which has made a significant contribution to the dissemination and instruction of international humanitarian law to … the Ministry of the Interior, other State officials and Cuban civil society. We have [also] contributed to the dissemination and instruction of international humanitarian law in Central American and Caribbean countries.
Finally, Cuba reiterates its willingness to work towards the global implementation of the rules of international humanitarian law and continues to collaborate with the International Committee of the Red Cross and its various associations in the noble endeavour of disseminating the teaching of and respect for international humanitarian law. |
The sixth beatitude proclaims, “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.” What does it mean to be “pure in heart” and how can we attain purity of heart in this life?
The Catechism of the Catholic Church says that the “heart is the seat of our moral personality.” and there is a connection between purity of heart, of body, and of faith. St. Augustine summed up this connection:
“The faithful must believe the articles of the Creed so that by believing they may obey God, by obeying may live well, by living well may purify their hearts, and with pure hearts may understand what they believe.”
The “pure in heart” are promised that they will see God face to face and be like him. “For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face; now I know in part, but then I will know fully just as I also have been fully known. But now faith, hope, love, abide these three; but the greatest of these is love.” (1 Cor 13: 12-13) Purity of heart is the precondition of the vision of God.
But what happens to a soul who dies in God’s grace and friendship, but is not yet perfectly purified in these three areas of “heart, body, and faith” in order to see the Face of God? The Church teaches that these souls are assured of eternal salvation, “but after death they undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven.” (CCC 1030) The joy of Heaven–which is the joy of seeing God face to face eternally. The Church gives the name Purgatory to this final purification of souls that enables them to attain the beatific vision. Theologians have said that this purification or suffering of the souls in Purgatory is their intense longing for the Face of God.
“It is therefore a holy and wholesome thought to pray for the dead, that they may be loosed from sins.” (2 Macch. 12, 46)
The faithful departed being purified are also members of the communion of saints, however, they can no longer pray for themselves; the opportunity for them to gain merit and virtue ended with their lives. They are in need of our prayers.
“We must say many prayers for the souls of the faithful departed, for one must be so pure to enter Heaven.”–St. John Vianney
We can help these holy souls by our prayers, especially in the month of November, when the Church remembers the Faithful Departed in its prayers. There are many ways to obtain indulgence from God for the Holy Souls in Purgatory, through the Church, such as visiting a cemetery and praying for the dead. A plenary indulgence for the souls in Purgatory can be obtained by visiting a cemetery any day between November 1 and November 8 or by a visit to a church or public oratory on November 2nd and reciting the Our Father and the Creed. A partial indulgence can be obtained for the souls in Purgatory, especially in the month of November, when we recite:
Eternal rest grant unto them, O Lord, and let perpetual light shine upon them. May the souls of the faithful departed, through the mercy of God, rest in peace. Amen.
Purity of heart makes it possible to see God in heaven. So, we should strive to attain purity of heart here on earth which helps us to see things according to God in this life. To do this demands prayer, the practice of chastity, purity of intention and of vision. (CCC 2532). Purity of heart also requires the modesty which is patience, decency, and discretion. (CCC 2533). So, in charity, let us pray, not only for ourselves but for the souls of the departed, so that they may soon see God face to face.
Eternal Father I offer you the most precious blood of your divine Son Jesus, in union with the masses said throughout the world today, for all the holy souls in purgatory, for sinners everywhere, sinners in the universal church, those in my own home, and within my family. –St. Gertrude Prayer
UPDATE: THE HUMAN FACE OF GOD IN THE HOLY VEIL OF MANOPPELLO (NEW- 2017) will air on EWTN, Tuesday, November 8th, at 6:30 pm Eastern time (U.S.). Filmed on location in Italy, host Paul Badde introduces the Veil of Manoppello as he relates it to other images of the Holy Face of Jesus. (30 minutes) |
THE WORKOUT Most boxing classes are 60 minutes long and are usually structured in three “rounds” that include an intense cardio warmup, boxing with intervals of bodyweight exercises, and of course, core work. All three rounds are extremely challenging and are sure to leave you drenched in sweat from head to toe.
How long do boxers spend in the gym?
A: Generally, I would say competing fighters spend about 3-5 hours working out 5 times a week. The time is usually broken down to something like this: roadwork (30-60 minutes) warm-up (30 minutes)
How long is a typical boxing workout?
Boxers train approximately 5 hours a day when they are getting ready for a fight. There are many ways that you can train, but you have to incorporate different exercises and methods in order to get into the best shape.
How long do boxing classes last?
How Long Should a Boxing Training Session Last? High-level boxers, and those wishing to progress, train for three to five hours each time they go to the gym. Here’s how this workout time is broken down: Footwork: 30 minutes to 1 hour.
How many hours a week do boxers train?
Boxing it usually takes between 4 to 12 months before the first fight, fighters generally spend about 3-5 hours working out 5 times a week. But you don’t need to rush up, the longer you train and get well prepared will give you more chance to have a successful debut.
How long did Mike Tyson train a day?
It was important that Tyson’s intake was high, due to the intense nature of his training. Especially considering he trained 7 days a week, meaning he had little time for recovery. The carbs were a great source of energy throughout the day, allowing him to train essentially 8-10 hours a day.
Will boxing 3 times a week get me in shape?
If you’re a novice, take a couple of boxing classes first.) Done two to three times a week, it will burn fat and get you in fighting shape.
What was Tyson’s workout?
200 sit-ups, 50 dips, 50 push-ups & 50 shrugs with weight – 10 times throughout a day, six days a week.
How long should I punch a punching bag?
There’s no right or wrong answer for how long to punch a bag. A punching bag workout for beginners typically has you working in bag strikes with general strength training, such as push-ups or sit-ups. All in all, hitting a punching bag anywhere from 20-30 minutes a day can provide some of the above benefits.
Do boxers lift weights?
Do Heavyweight Boxers Lift Weights? Yes, heavyweight boxers lift weights. Lifting weights is a great asset to boxing training for every weight class, but heavyweights in particular make this a core part of their workout schedule.
Will boxing make me skinny?
Boxing is a high impact cardio workout that offers a significant calorie burn. Cardio boxing workouts burn more calories than other types of cardiovascular exercise. If you’re looking to lose weight fast and reach your weight loss goals quicker, boxing workouts are for you.
Will boxing 4 times a week get me in shape?
Since it’s an intensive exercise that involves a wide range of other activities, boxing helps a person lose weight quickly. You can expect to see results in as little as 4 weeks. It’s also a great way of relieving stress.
Is boxing a hard sport?
From power to durability, boxing is one tough sport according to the experts. Yes, it takes incredible endurance and strength to box, but more than anything, it takes nerve. According to ESPN, this was boxing’s most pronounced athletic category – nerve, or the ability to overcome fear.
What time did Mike Tyson go to sleep?
Late evening – Each night leading up to the main event, Tyson reportedly studied fight films. Then he presumably went to bed, woke up at 4AM, and started the whole regimen all over again.
How many times a day does Floyd Mayweather train?
This is not the full Floyd Mayweather training experience, as there is no sparring or roadwork in this exercise, but it’s still more intense than most boxers are completing day to day. Floyd will usually do this three times a day when fight camp is on.
How many hours of sleep should a boxer get?
A healthy adult Boxer will usually sleep about 12 to 14 hours a day. Your Boxer won’t get all his sleep in one stretch, like humans. Dogs are opportunistic sleepers, and dozers. Your Boxer will sleep most soundly at night, when there is no noise or distractions. |
February 9, 2021
Vascular Dynamics, Inc. has announced positive preliminary results from its clinical trial, “A Feasibility Study Exploring the Effect of the MobiusHD® Device in Patients with Heart Failure.”
Horst Sievert, MD, Director of the CardioVascular Center in Frankfurt, Germany, and Tamaz Shaburishvili, MD, Head of the Cardiovascular Clinic at Tbilisi Heart and Vascular Clinic in Tbilisi, Georgia, shared preliminary results of the clinical trial as part of a CSI Focus D-HF webinar presented last week.
Baroreceptors are specialized nerve endings that respond to stretch and are located along the carotid arteries in the neck. These stretch receptors are essential to the body’s natural control of the cardiovascular system and its performance. The MobiusHD device is a carotid endovascular implant designed to amplify this natural baroreflex mechanism, signaling the brain to produce autonomic modulation for improved heart function.
EndoVascular Baroreflex Amplification (EVBA) is the procedure used to implant the MobiusHD device. EVBA has been previously evaluated successfully in the treatment of 89 hypertension patients. EVBA using the MobiusHD device is now being investigated as a treatment to help patients suffering with heart failure.
Prof. Sievert reported that 19 heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were safely and successfully treated using the EVBA procedure with the MobiusHD device. Preliminary data from the three-month follow up were presented for the first 13 of these patients. Every patient demonstrated clinical improvement. Statistically significant changes in averages of Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores, six-minute hallway walk distances, NT-proBNP levels, and left ventricular ejection fractions were reported.
“We are very excited about such positive initial results,” said Sievert. “The procedure is straightforward, using conventional carotid access techniques, and is very safe. The early results are impressive and point to a potential solution for appropriate heart failure patients. Further evaluation is recommended.”
“Preliminary results from this feasibility study in heart failure patients are very promising,” commented Ed Roschak, CEO of Vascular Dynamics. “We look forward to expanding these efforts to multiple clinical centers around the world. We will report additional results as they become available.” |
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Domestic violence happens everywhere and can happen to anyone.
In a recent survey conducted by Interval House, we found that half of Greater Toronto residents believe domestic violence is more likely to occur in low-income areas. But we know that domestic violence doesn’t discriminate.
We took police data from 2014 to 2015 and mapped domestic violence-related charges across the city of Toronto. Each dot represents 20 charges related to domestic violence against women between 2014 and 2015.
It’s clear: Domestic violence knows no boundaries. |
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Bicycle Carbon Fiber Frames Market, By Application
• Manual Bicycles
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Welcome To New Followers + A Podcast: A Time Slipped Out Of Time
Ancient Greece Revisited is a website exploring the philosophical underpinnings of our civilisation. In this episode I discuss with host Michael Michailidis the current regression to pre-civilisation.
A Time Slipped out of Time
Welcome this weekend to hundreds of new followers who joined us during the week after my latest appearance on the Richie Allen Show. [ For other subscribers, it can be heard here starting at 58.50]
I post several items here every week, mostly essays and conversations in the form of videos or podcasts with various alternative media generators. Everything is open, apart from my weekly Diary, which is exclusive to paid subscribers. And, of course, you can directly access most of my archive going back to October 2020 anytime at johnwaters.substack.com
I was especially pleased with the podcast I’m posting here tonight, a conversation conducted recently with Michael Michailidis, of Ancient Greece Revisited. Michael’s work is generally devoted to exploring the philosophical underpinnings of our civilisation but in this special series of interviews he is discussing the contemporary attacks on the civilisation that began in Ancient Greece nearly three millennia ago.
Is it possible that, for all the ceaseless talk of progress, the epoch of democracy that began in Ancient Greece 2,700 years ago might be about to shudder to a halt in our time, and that a new era of authoritarianism has already begun? When might this new era of regression have been initiated? Did something shift in the psyche of Western humanity, perhaps a decade ago? Or have the roots of this tyranny been worming their way out and down for some time? What might cause whole populations of free people to surrender within days the precious inheritance of liberty accumulated over close on three thousand years? Are we living through a decade that has somehow slipped out of the chronology of time? Have we slipped into the past and begun to drift back towards pre-civilisation? |
Organizational Structure Essay
This research concentrates on the job fulfillment level of employees at Emirates Technical & Thermal Devices (ETTS), a construction company situated in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Your data collected was examined with regards to the existing organizational structure inside the business, which is primarily a hierarchal a single.
The study includes information gathered from 3 employee amounts at ETTS, which include supervision, employees, and laborers. The relationship between position in the work organization and job fulfillment for every level of the hierarchal distribution have been studied carefully; both main and second research has been conducted in order to best suggest where the challenges lie, and the best ways of improving the latest situations. The results and conclusions from this analysis have suggested a clear discrepancy across the current structure of the company. Task satisfaction can be high among management, and consistently diminishes at the reduced levels of the worker ladder.
Work satisfaction performs an important function in the total productivity of any given sector. Given the growing matter within ETTS regarding the facet of performance, top quality of work, and workforce problems, little interest has been paid out to personnel at the decrease levels of the business hierarchy. Intro: There are many facets of an organization and job function which come into play when ever analyzing the contributing factors to task satisfaction. With this research daily news, a focus was placed on firm structure, and the contribution of hierarchal syndication in an business to task satisfaction.
Exploration Aims and Objectives: The goal of the research was measuring work satisfaction, in all its aspects, across the various segments within the company structure, in order to gain better knowledge of where the gaps lie, the factors leading to dissatisfaction, plus the best ways of reconciling the issues. The reason why ETTS was selected is due to recognized issues in the organization in regards to communication and harmony across the various levels within their hierarchy, and perceived work dissatisfaction in lower amounts. In executing the research, work satisfaction for ETTS was examined, and first research was segmented to feature sample groups from just about every level of the organizational structure’s hierarchy.
Essential Variables The investigation paper can analyze the situation by speaking about the centered variable (Job Satisfaction) regarding the surrounding independent variable (Organizational Structure). Job pleasure will be assessed by talking about contributory aspects, including worker engagement, work involvement, company commitment and perceived company support. The levels which were reviewed in relation to the organizational framework are: management, employees and laborers.
Company Background: ETTS is a company specializing in electro-mechanical contracting. The company offers a full array of services related to all types of heating system, ventilating, air conditioning, refrigeration, electric powered and plumbing systems. The organization was established in 1995, and has a definitive hierarchal framework.
As detailed in the company’s profile and stated hereunder: Management: The board of directors with the company, standard manager, procedures manager and managers of departments, twigs and tasks form the primary management group. Employees: Personnel who carry out various tasks in different procedures and report to the aforementioned managers. Labor force: Consists of the manpower that carries out physically demanding work at construction sites. Therefore, a definitive hierarchal composition is in place. At the top of the pyramid will be those holding management positions, followed by workers, and finally laborers.
Report Framework This record will mostly delve into the literature review, which will detail the findings from extra research within the topic of structure regarding job pleasure. A thorough description of the primary research results will follow, to be able to give a tip on problems that exist in ETTS, and a comparison of the, and previous studies from supplementary sources, for the issue will be made. Up coming, a detailed summary based on the findings with the research will be discussed. Tips will be given in order to map the best ways of dealing with the present issues within the organization.
Method: The research methodology required gathering relevant data from the two primary and secondary resources in order to evaluate the material and arrive at an even more complete comprehension of the effect of organizational structure at ETTS on total employee task satisfaction as illustrated beneath. Secondary Data The bulk of the secondary info used to carry out this research was accumulated from the UOW online repository. A Total of nine scholarly research articles were based on the university or college library repository, adding to 3 which were from the internet.
One of these of the articles or blog posts used was published inside the African Journal of Organization Management in 2009 and is named Job satisfaction: Does ranking make a difference? by T. Z. Eyupoglu and T. Saner. This study utilized to connect job pleasure to employee ranking. One more example can be research that has been published in the Career development international log in 2010 named Impact of career plateau and relief support about career satisfaction by Versus.
Wickramasinghe and M. Jayaweera. This analysis was examined to indicate the effect of supervisory support on the general job satisfaction. Besides the educational research articles or blog posts listed in the reference section, the book Organizational Behavior 15th release by H. Robbins and T. Assess was employed as a basic guide. |
Erasme by Jean-Claude Margolin Download PDF EPUB FB2
Shelves: history, biography-autobiography A short biography of Erasmus by a writer now mostly forgotten now being rediscovered with a vengeance, at least among my friends here on GR.
He was judged in the s and s to be one of the most famous writers in the world.4/5. Get this from a library. Érasme. [Hem Day] COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this ’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as.
Eloge De La Folie by Erasme, Didier. Desiderius Erasmus and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at Erasme by Gaston Feugère,Hachette edition, in French / françaisPages: Try the new Google Books eBook - FREE.
Get this book in print. AbeBooks; On Demand Books Catholique censure choses Chrétien Christ Clément VII condamné croyoit d'Egmond d'Erasme déclare dédia déja devoit Didier Erasme Dieu dispute dit-il Docteur doctrine donner écrit Ecrits écrivit écrivoit Edition Efist Eloge ennemis Epijl Epist.
This book is a reproduction of a work published before and is Erasme book of Erasme book collection of books reprinted and edited by Hachette Livre, in the framework of a partnership with the National Library of France, providing the opportunity to access old and often rare books from the BnF's heritage funds/5(26).
Erasmus was fascinated by proverbs and prepared a collection of more than 4, of them, accompanying each with his comments, sometimes in a few lines and sometimes in full-scale essays. His massive compendium, characterized by his wit, his elegance, his bursts of satire alternating with serious views, was among the most learned and widely circulated of Renaissance books.
Author of Les Colloques Choisis D' rasme, Erasme. Selecta Colloquia Familiaria, and Erasme. Selecta Colloquia Familiaria /5. Erasme book is angered by the success of Jenkins' book, so he composes a satirical response based on Richard Wright's Native Son and Sapphire's novel Push, which he first entitles My Pafology before changing it to Fuck.
This novel is published in its entirety within Erasure and creates a meta-narrative that asks the reader about the value and merits.
Get this from a library. Erasme. [Theodore Quoniam] COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this ’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist.
Print book: FrenchView all editions and formats: Rating: (not yet rated) 0 with reviews - Be the first. Subjects: Érasme, Didier, -. -- Biographies. Erasme, -- m. Erasme, -- m. -- Critique et interprétation.
View all subjects; More like this: Similar Items. Éloge de la folie - Ebook written by Érasme. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or 4/5(1).
Though "accurate" in terms of vocabulary and grammar, this edition reads briskly, curtly, mechanically, and therein misses the point: Erasmus is, after all, writing an ode to madness, beauty, and pleasure, not a tech manual/5(25). Erasme. [Daniel Ménager] Home.
WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. Search. Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search for Contacts Search for a Library. Create Book: All Authors / Contributors: Daniel Ménager. Find more information about: ISBN: OCLC Number: For bookings made on or after April 6,be sure to consider the risk of the coronavirus (COVID) and associated government measures.
If you don’t book a flexible rate, you may not be entitled to a refund. Your cancellation request will be handled by the property, based on your chosen policy and consumer law where applicable/10(). Liberte Et Unite Dans L'Eglise by Erasme De Rotterdam [Erasmus] [Ed. De Bujanda] and a great selection of related books, 1st French translation.
Published by Vander Aa, the famous mapmaker, with a catalog of books, maps and atlases in pp. weight: lb. Cover very lightly soiled and warped, otherwise a remarkably well. Erasme: étude sur sa vie et ses ouvrages. Author.
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Get this from a library. Érasme. [Albert Maison] COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this ’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library.
Les colloques choisis d'Erasme (French Edition) [Erasme] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Les colloques choisis d'Erasme (French Edition). Although the texts in this collection are by a single author, they offer a kaleidoscope of views current in the Renaissance.
Erasmus' comments on women range from ad hoc remarks in his letters to lengthy treatises on marriage and widowhood, from lively dialogues with a mixed cast of virgins and mothers, housewives and harlots, to a funeral oration for a matriarch.
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Thanks. We are currently reviewing your. Book Description. This volume of Professor Halkin's articles forms a complement to his recent biography of Erasmus of Rotterdam. The articles published here are concerned with his activities and his behaviour, and describe parts of what may be called his spiritual and intellectual itinerary, different aspects of his thought, or different chapters of his life.
Le Saint Erasme is located on the seafront in Calvi, just 2, feet from Calvi Marina. This eco-friendly hotel features a heated outdoor pool with panoramic views of the Revellata Lighthouse and the Sea/10().
Brand new Book. Ce livre raconte l'histoire d'Erasme, généralement connu sous le nom d'Erasmus, un humaniste considéré comme l'une des figures principales de la culture européenne. Pour comprendre quelle fut la vie d'Erasme et apprécier la valeur de son oeuvre, il faut se faire une idée de la confusion et du tumulte de son époque, et se.
Carte Postale Moderne Maison d'Erasme Anderlech Bruxelles Hieronymus Bosch ( ) Triptyque de l'Epiphanie Volet St Joseph La Suite d and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at Paperback.
Condition: New. Language: French. Brand new Book. Ce classique parmi les classiques illustre à merveille la pensée de la excellente manière de découvrir l'humanisme d'Erasme, grand ami de Thomas More (L'Utopie).de intégral.
Seller Inventory # APC More information about this seller | Contact this. 4 Oeuvres de Erasme. Ce livre numérique présente une collection des oeuvres majeures de Erasme éditées en texte intégral. Une table des matières dynamique permet d'accéder directement aux différentes oeuvres.
Liste des oeuvres: - Eloge de la Folie (Traduction Gustave Lejeal) - Eloge de la Folie (Traduction Pierre de Nolhac)Brand: Editions la Bibliothèque Digitale. Novum Instrumentum omne was the first published New Testament in Greek (). It was prepared by Desiderius Erasmus (–) and printed by Johann Froben (–) of gh the first printed Greek New Testament was the Complutensian Polyglot (), it was the second to be published ().
Erasmus used several Greek manuscripts housed in Basel, but some verses in Revelation. Erasme is located in Dilbeek.
Private parking is available on site. The nearest airport is Zaventem Airport, 17 miles from the on: 96 Lenniksebaan, Flemish Brabant, Belgium A lovely work by Erasmus, canon regular of St.
Augustine, philosopher, humanist and theologian from the Burgundian Netherlands, considered one of the leading figures of European culture. He remains essentially known today for his satirical statement "In Praise of Folly" (), and to a lesser extent for his "Adages" (), an anthology of more than four thousand Greek and Latin quotations.
Read "Éloge de la Folie de Erasme" by Erasme available from Rakuten Kobo. Ce livre est parfaitement mis en page pour une lecture sur Kobo. Éloge de la Brand: Vassade. |
History of the tractarian movement Download PDF EPUB FB2
The Oxford Movement was a movement of High Church members of the Church of England which eventually developed into brightebook.icu movement, whose original devotees were mostly associated with the University of Oxford, argued for the reinstatement of some older Christian traditions of faith and their inclusion into Anglican liturgy and theology.
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History of the Tractarian Movement - Kindle edition by Edward George Kirwin Browne. History of the tractarian movement book Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading History of the Tractarian Movement.
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Richard Church’s celebrated history of the Oxford Movement ends inthe year of Newman’s conversion. Certainly by this time the Tractarian disputes were a thoroughly national phenomenon.
Encouraged by Tractarian theology there was a great revival of interest in liturgy and church architecture, stemming not least from the Cambridge.
History of the Tractarian Movement (Classic Reprint) [Edward George Kirwan Browne] on brightebook.icu *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Excerpt from History of the Tractarian Movement De im Dei they must, indeed, be rescued before (he again observed) they are called to the mercy of God.
But what is the name of the king of that province It was saidAuthor: Edward George Kirwan. Browne. Tractarian movement synonyms, Tractarian movement pronunciation, Tractarian movement translation, English dictionary definition of Tractarian movement.
A movement within the Church of England, originating at Oxford University inthat sought to link the Anglican Church more closely to. Sep 22, · Search the history of over billion web pages on the Internet.
History of the Tractarian Movement by Browne, Edward George Kirwan. Publication date Topics Oxford movement Publisher Dublin, J. Duffy Collection trinitycollege; toronto Digitizing sponsor MSN Contributor Trinity College - University of Toronto LanguagePages: The leaders of the Tractarian Movement were Froude, Keble, Pusey, and Newman, all fellows of Oriel College, Oxford.
Richard Hurrell Froude ( Feb ) was a scholar whose conversation did much to encourage the other tractarians. He died while the movement was still young. Aug 26, · Buy the Hardcover Book History of the Tractarian Movement by Edward George Kirwin Browne at brightebook.icu, Canada's largest bookstore.
+ Get Free Shipping on books over $25. Oxford movement, 19th-century movement centred at the University of Oxford that sought History of the tractarian movement book renewal of “catholic,” or Roman Catholic, thought and practice within the Church of England in opposition to the Protestant tendencies of the church.
The argument was that the Anglican church was by history and. Book review by Frank Turner of Tractarians and the 'Condition of England': The Social and Political Thought of the Oxford Movement, from History in Focus, the guide to historical resources from the Institute of Historical Research (IHR), University of London.
Focusing on the influence of the Oxford Movement on key British poets of the nineteenth-century, this book charts their ruminations on the nature of hunger, poverty and economic injustice. Exploring the works of Christina Rossetti, Coventry Patmore, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Adelaide Anne Procter.
called the Oxford, or Tractarian, Movement.2 To link Romanticism and a theological movement is, perhaps, to conflate supposedly distinct discourses – the literary and the theological.
But, as much criticism of the period has shown and, indeed, as the Fathers of. The Oxford Movement. A Thematic History of the Tractarians and Their Times. Brad Faught “Anyone trying to understand why the institutions of Christianity refuse to disappear and why some of its branches—well, its key branch, which remains Roman Catholicism—continue to be obstinate and even belligerent in the face of growing secular tolerance on key social issues like gay rights will.
Thus the Evangelicals were natural allies of the Tractarian movement, although by the time the Tracts began appearing inthe Clapham generation was either dead or soon to be dead, and their successors were not as promising as colleagues.
Tractarian movement: see Oxford movement Oxford movement, religious movement begun in by Anglican clergymen at the Univ. of Oxford to renew the Church of England (see England, Church of) by reviving certain Roman Catholic doctrines and rituals.
the Tractarian Movement be a desirable contribution to our literature, as seems to be generally admitted, the free use of those names is to be excused on the ground of necessity; and, if so, the circumstance of their owners being alive seems to me to Historical Notes on the Tractarian Movement iii.
Jan 01, · BOOK REVIEWS Alexander Forbes ofBrechin. The First Tractarian Bishop. By Rowan Strong. (New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press.
xii, $) One durable feature of the historiography of the Church of England is the celebratory narrative of the achievements of the Oxford brightebook.icu: Jeffrey Cox. The writers of the Tracts for the Times employed two visions of the Christian past that proved integral to their polemics.
The successionist metanarrative of the Christian past linked the absolute and changeless nature of Christian truth claims with the apostolic succession of bishops. The supersessionist metanarrative posited a normative primitive Christianity that had been lost, and that Author: Kenneth Parker.
The Oxford Movement. Sources. Objectives and Emphases. Also known as “Tractarianism” because its views were published in ninety religious pamphlets called Tracts for the Times (–), the Oxford Movement was launched in the early s by Anglican clergymen at Oxford brightebook.icu primary objective of the movement was to bring spiritual renewal to the Church of England by reviving.
Jun 18, · [Disponible en español] he Tractarian movement began about and ended in with John Henry Newman's conversion to Roman brightebook.icu was also called the Oxford Movement because Newman, a fellow of Oriel College (part of Oxford University) and vicar of St.
Mary's, the University church, and others were based there when they began the Tracts for the Times in The Secret History of the Oxford Movement by Walsh, W. and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at brightebook.icu Other articles where Tractarian is discussed: John Keble: advocates to be known as Tractarians.
The Tractarians encouraged study of the early Church Fathers, edited their works, and arranged for their translation. When John Henry Newman’s conversion to Roman Catholicism in threatened the continuation of the Oxford Movement, Keble and E.B.
Pusey managed by their persistence to keep. Tractarian Uproar - (The Oxford Movement, also called Tractarians) whose members wrote tracts that called the British back to the historical roots of their faith and urging a more serious attitude toward doctrine and church discipline.
Like evangelicals, they desired to see a religion of the heart. Christian History Institute. All. Tractarian definition is - a promoter or supporter of the Oxford movement. History and Etymology for Tractarian. from Tracts for the Times, series of pamphlets expounding the Oxford movement.
Tractarian and bishop - Edward Bouverie Pusey was a leader of the Oxford Movement, which sought to restore the vitality of the church by reinstating some of the doctrines and rituals that had gone out of use during the Protestant Reformation in England.
They felt the church had become too plain. Christian History Institute. All. The Spirit of the Oxford Movement: Tractarian Essays All Book Search results » About the author () William Owen Chadwick was born in London, England on May 20, He received a degree in history in and a degree in theology in from St.
John's College in Cambridge. He attended Cuddeson, a theological college, to study. Apr 05, · However, very few if any connections are made between Rossetti and the Tractarians, perhaps with the exception of William Robertson Nicoll's description of Rossetti as "the great poetess of Catholic Christianity," in other words, Anglo-Catholicism.
Walter Walsh was a vocal opponent of ritualism and the author of a highly successful book, The Secret History of the Oxford Movement, which detailed what he saw as the abuses and illegalities of Anglo-Catholics. In he spoke out against St Michael’s at a public meeting held.
libraries and its contributors have long been identified. Historians of the Tractarian Movement have all too rarely taken the initiative to read it.
Skinner, in this book and in an excellent previously published article from the Journal of Ecclesiastical History (which might usefully have been incorporated into his.Jun 01, · The reappearance shortly after this book of Brad Faught's The Oxford Movement: A Thematic History of the Tractarians and their Times (Pennsylvania, ), which broadly shares the purpose and approach of Herring's, only at greater length, was perhaps unfortunate.
But Herring's vigour, his very brevity—the commentary itself weighs in at under Author: SA Skinner.A history of the Tractarian Movement, also known as the Oxford Movement, led by a group of Anglican clerics at Oxford, whereby they left the Anglican Communion and joined the Roman Catholic Church, many of them becoming members of the Oratory of St.
Philip Neri due in large part to the leadership role of John Henry Newman. |
Arbabi, B. (2014). Handcraft Making Workshop (carpet weaving), Handcrafts Courses- Family Management and Services, Technical and Vocational Field. Tehran: Iran's Textbooks Publication Co.
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Charmaz, K. (2011). Grounded Theory Methods in Social Justice Research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (Vol. 4, pp. 359-380). London: Sage Publications.
Charmaz, K. (2014). Grounded theory in global perspective: Reviews by international researchers. Qualitative Inquiry, 20(9), 1074-1084. doi: 10.1177/1077800414545.
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GhezelSofla, M. (2013). Investigating the reasons of declining Iran's silk status. Textile Today, 132, 61-64.
KaramiDehkordi, E. (2015). The capacities and needs of rural communities for the integrated and participatory watershed management in the Ghezeltape Watershed, Zanjan Province, A Research Report. Natural Resources and Watershed Management Administration of Zanjan Province, Iran.
Latifi,S., Sadi, H., ShabanaliFami, H., & Moshref, M. (2014). Investigating Socio-Economic Impact of Rural Handmade Carpet Cooperatives in the Hamadan Province. Journal of Applied researches in Geographical Sciences, 14(32), 117-139.
Mai, M.C. (2007). Value chain analysis for thai home textiles: Silk sub-sector, eu-thailand small projects facility" the case of thai home textiles: Building export competence of a sme dominated value chain".
Peterman, A., Behrman, J., & Quisumbing, A. (2010). A review of empirical evidence on gender differences in nonland agricultural inputs, technology, and services in developing countries. INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 00975.
Porsadegh, N., Bahloli, N., and Hajikhani, M. (2011). Role of Handmade Carpet Cooperatives in the Zanjan Province on this carpet export development. Cooperatives, 1(3), 155-170.
Sadi,H, Shabanali Fami,H, and Latifi, S.(2012). An Assessment of the Economic and Social Ability of Female Rural Rug Makers (Case study: Hamedan Province). Journal of Women in Development and Politics, 10(2), 107-126
Sehat,S. and FrajloMotlagh, M. (2010). Investigating and pathology of Iran's Handmade Carpet Export. Retrieved on 24 July 2016 from Http://carpetour.com/Aphotos/carpetour1363.pdf.
The Industry, Mining and Trade Organization of the West Azerbaijan Province (2013). About Carpet. Retrieved on 21 December 2014 from http://wacarpet.ir/index.php?newlang=farsi/
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Zhole, T. (2012). Research on Iran's Carpet. Tehran: Yasaveli Press, Iran's National Library. |
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The 3 K’s of KyokushinStyles . Technique . Training notes
I train in and teach Kyokushin Karate. One of the things that I love about my style is the simplicity of it all. Yes you read correctly. At its core Kyokushin training consists of three main elements: (1) technique, (2) forms, and (3) sparring. These are sometimes referred to as the three “K’s” after the Japanese words for them: kihon (technique), kata (forms), and kumite (sparring).
Technique is everything in Karate. Some may disagree with that but without technique you can not gain perfection. Masutatsu Oyama, once said that after 1,000 repetitions one could say that one could perform a given technique. Only after 10,000 repetitions could one say that one had mastered it. Some students may think that they master certain move more quickly however the premise is correct. To many student rush their training, like a race to the black belt, of course they could not rush their training if they did not have a willing Sensei. Part of the mastery of technique in the martial arts is a mastery of self, which leads to perfection of form. If someone tells you they attained their black belt in 2 years (730 days) or 3 years (1095 days) ask how often they trained.
Kata is the synergy or technique and skill. Performed correctly the student will visualize his/her opponents for each move and execute each step with the appropriate power, speed and focus. Masutatsu Oyama was slightly more generous with forms; saying that after 1,000 repetitions one could say that one had mastered a given form. Since Kata is technique in motion and if we focus on technique first this statement makes sense. I equate Kata to dance or moving meditation, like either the movements must be fluid and natural, which can only be accomplished with a quiet mind. When we first begin to learn a Kata we must think to learn the succession of movements but with continued practice the moves should become instinctive, second nature. Only then can the Kata begin to flow as an expression perfect technique in motion. Many discount Kata because they don’t see the immediate benefit of performing Kata, yet those with patience learn from Kata, clarity of mind, new applications of old techniques, and gain muscle memory for most situations. Kata is the core of training the Martial Arts mind and sense.
Kumite or Sparring is the goal for some students and the bane of others. Regardless of your motivation for practicing the Martial Arts sparring is critical to maturing your skills. Some students and instructors believe in full-contact sparring from the beginning, if you are in the Military or live in DC then I would agree, but for most students this can lead to very bad habits and flinching. Like training in Kihon and Kata training that progresses is better. I prefer to start students sparring with defined rules, including light contact, defend only, hands only, or feet only. In this way students are provided a safe environment where familiarity and trust is built with themselves and their fellow students. Trust is important. Most students have day jobs or classes and are ill served with facial bruises or broken bones. Control of one self means having the ability to inflict equally a light strike or rib crushing blow. While students need to understand what it feels like to get hit and how to take a hit, they need to be ready for it both physically and mentally. Sparring should be frequent and fun.
These are my thoughts and experience with the 3 Ks, be flexible and adaptable in your training for tunnel vision is something you want in your opponent not yourself.
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To develop multiprocessor systems for continuing the precipitous increase in performance seen in recent years, it is important to include performance prediction at a preim-plementation stage. Since software simulation, which is one such performance prediction technique, has a high degree of flexibility, it is used in diverse situations. To simulate a multiprocessor system, a simulator is implemented for a specific architecture. However, this method has accompanying implementation costs for building a simulator for each different target architecture. In this paper, the authors propose the multiprocessor simulator library ISIS as a multiprocessor simulator construction support system. ISIS is a collection of multiprocessor system internal function block simulators. Multiprocessor simulators having any kind of architecture can be constructed by combining function block simulators. Compared with conventional techniques, implementation costs can be reduced without directly impairing simulator runtime costs. Several multiprocessor simulators were implemented by using ISIS, and their execution speeds and implementation costs were evaluated. Sufficient runtime speeds were obtained for practical uses at extremely low implementation costs. ISIS has actually been used in research for on-chip multiprocessor cache systems, and various kinds of knowledge have been obtained from the evaluation results of that research.
|ジャーナル||Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science (English translation of Denshi Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi)|
|出版ステータス||Published - 2003 10月|
ASJC Scopus subject areas |
Solar Panel For Pool Heater. What to look for when buying solar heater for above ground pools. This is a very simple and efficient process.
Costs vary due to size of your swimming pool, desired water temperature, amount of exposure that the pool has to sun and shading, and, finally, the direction that the solar panels will face on your roof. It will be free for life! Solar radiation is absorbed and heat is transferred from the panels to the pool water within.
As A Side Note, This Valve Controls Water Flow To And From The Solar Heater, It Can Either Be Automatic Or Manual.
They also typically last longer than gas and heat pump pool heaters. What to look for when buying solar heater for above ground pools. This provides a payback of between 1 and 7 years, depending on your local fuel costs and available solar resource.
How A Solar Pool Heater Works:
It will be free for life! This is a very simple and efficient process. Solarprene® rubber makes them the most durable.
Top 10 Rated Solar Panels For Pool Heating In 2022 Comparison Table.
Solar pool heating panels can convert as much as 85% of the sun’s energy hitting them into heat energy that is transferred to your pool. A typical solar pool heating system features the following: Header manifold and makes attachments with a rubber coupling.
After About An Hour Or Two, Check The Temperature Of The Pool.
When the pool’s pump pushes the water through the panels, the water absorbs the heat from the tubes. Pool solar works by circulating water through tubes heated by solar radiation. The solar panel heater or solar collector is the main device in the solar pool heating system and the responsible for heating the pool water.
We Offer Both D.i.y Pool Panels And Full Installation.
Overall, the solar pool heater is one of the best choices on the market for its durability and easy installation. Solar swimming pool heaters are suitable for both residential and commercial purposes. Then take the temperature of the water coming out after it’s been running for a few minutes. |
Type of organization: government agency
On May 1, 2002, Germany merged the Deutsche Bundesbank, insurance regulators and securities regulators to form a unified regulatory organization, the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin).
The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) is a federal agency governed by public law by a minister attached to the Federal Ministry of Finance. have legal character. The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) supervises more than 2,700 banks, more than 800 financial services institutions and more than 700 insurance institutions.
1. Review of market access;
2. In the inspection of the company's daily operations, if the company has violated regulations, the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority can directly punish the found violations in accordance with the law.
The methods of punishment are as follows: 1. Fines; 2. Prosecution; 3. Revocation of the qualifications of responsible members of the board of directors; 4. Revocation of business licenses.
3. Protection of consumer rights
1. At least 2 members of management shareholders are required to have certain theoretical knowledge and practical experience;
2. Suitability requirements for holders of a large number of shares;
3. Submit a business plan and establish an internal control system;
4. Risk control is conducted at least once a year, and audits and records are maintained for at least 6 years
Minimum capital requirement:
German BaFin will make different requirements for the minimum registered capital of the company according to the business type of the financial company, which is generally between 50,000 euros and 730,000 euros.
1. The minimum capital requirement for securities trading banks is 730,000 euros;
2. The minimum capital requirement for deposit and withdrawal credit institutions is 5 million euros;
3. Investment advisors, investment brokers, contract brokers and portfolio managers, as well as companies that operate multilateral trading facilities, fund securities organizations and other companies that cannot trade their own accounts, the minimum capital requirement is 50,000 euros;
(1) Except for special circumstances, the initial capital of all investment companies shall not be less than 730,000 euros;
(2) The initial capital of the investment company (which can hold client funds and trade its own account) shall not be less than 125,000 euros;
(3) The minimum initial capital of investment companies in member states (cannot hold client funds and trade their own accounts) is 50,000 euros.
Scope of supervision
Credit financial institutions, insurance businesses, pension funds, payment companies, German management companies, securities exchanges, deposit guarantee schemes, etc.
Following the EU announcement on March 27, the leverage needs to be set between 2:1 and 30:1.
Negative Balance Protection:
BaFin requires brokers to provide negative balance protection for retail clients, and all leveraged trading losses below zero balance are not borne by traders, but by brokers.
BaFin requires brokers to provide clients with segregated trust accounts for funds.
(1) The investment service enterprise shall not unreasonably delay the segregation of the trust account of client funds.
(2) The investment service enterprise is obliged to provide each client with an annual report on the funds in its trust account and financial instruments.
(1) Submit self-owned asset request report and financial information report;
(2) Submit information reports on company subscriptions, securities lending, and all other forms of assets;
(3) Submit asset disclosure report
In summary, there are transaction reports, audit reports, anti-money laundering reports, net worth reports, securities lending and other reports required
1. Open the official website of BaFin in Germany, https://www.bafin.de
2. Click "Banking and Financial Service Providers" under "Supervision" in the navigation bar, as shown in the screenshot:
3. German BaFin regulated brokers are displayed in a list. Click "List of Financial Service Providers" to download.
Regulated Financial Service Providers: (German only)
List of Regulated Financial Leasing/Factoring Institutions: (German only)
If you need to inquire about the specific information of a company and its business activities, you can directly enter https://portal.mvp.bafin.de/database/InstInfo/
The steps are as follows:
Step 1 Enter the official website of BaFin in Germany: https://www.bafin.de, find "Publications and Databases", and enter the following "Databases";
Step 2 Click to enter "Company Database" under "Database", and then enter "Company Database Query Link" on the right;
Step 3 Enter the company name on the left to search, and then click the corresponding company name on the right to query the company information; for example: query the "GKFX" company.
Step 4 We can check the company name, category, address, code, effective date and business activities and other information; in the business activity form, only the "√" mark indicates that the company can provide corresponding services.
Note: Only if the corresponding position of C9 (financial CFDs) or B4 (investment-related foreign exchange services) is marked with a "√", it means that the company can provide leveraged foreign exchange service activities.
1. Complaints should be submitted in writing
2. After receiving the complaint, BaFin will first review whether your information, evidence and documents are sufficient
3. After completing the required information, BaFin will contact the complained company and ask for a detailed explanation and solution
4. If the financial institution has not violated any regulations, BaFin will truthfully inform
5. No matter what the result is, we will give you the final notice in writing
6. Securities investment complaints are special, BaFin has no right to help you claim, and its function will help you to investigate. If the amount of compensation is involved, it is suggested that you can go to court procedures
7. Please provide the following information in the complaint letter: your name and address, the name and address of the company complaining Financial institutions, please attach the trading account and product type; if it involves securities purchases, please inform the securities code.
Deposit guarantee mechanism:
Germany's BaFin is responsible for overseeing the statutory compensation scheme and the bank guarantee scheme of the bank's securities trading department, which every regulated platform player must join in order to protect the deposits of clients of these institutions. According to the provisions of the compensation plan, the maximum compensation is 100,000 euros, that is, the affected investors can receive compensation up to 100,000 euros.
1. On July 2, 2014, the EU Deposit Protection Mechanism Directive came into force. Germany's BaFin official website shows that the "EU Deposit Protection Mechanism Directive" requires all credit institutions to join a certified deposit guarantee scheme.
2. At the same time, the mechanism also clarifies the investor compensation plan. Member states have until December 31, 2023, at the latest, to reduce the fixed period for compensatory events from the current 20 days to seven days.
The guarantee mechanism stipulates that all depositors, including large companies, are entitled to compensation of up to 100,000 euros. However, investors in the Institutional Protection Scheme, such as savings banks, state banks, regional building societies and cooperative banks, already fall under the independent guarantee scheme (ie Institutional Protection Scheme) and are not part of the guarantee scheme.
3. In July 2015, the EU Deposit Protection Mechanism Directive was applied to German law. The German Deposit Protection and Investor Compensation Act and all the regulatory provisions applying it must be applied to or added to the new protection mechanism.
BaFin can issue warnings, fines, suspensions, prosecutions and other penalties for violations of regulated companies.
If necessary, BaFin has the right to temporarily prohibit market transactions of single or multiple financial instruments, restrict or prohibit market participation, etc.
Deutsche Bundesbank: http://www.bundesbank.de/
The legislature approved by the Legislative Council on January 14, 2011, in accordance with the newly promulgated Financial System Supervision and Administration Law, takes the legal framework of financial system supervision as the sole supervisory body, integrating the three functions of supervising the financial system, pensions and securities into one . |
To mark the launch of their Little Bottles of Apple and Orange juice, the lovely people at Tropicana have asked me to share creative lunchbox ideas to increase fruit and veg intake. According to consumer research conducted by Tropicana, “72% of Brits think it’s harder to be healthy when having lunch on the go” and “For more than one in four (27%), lunch is the least likely meal to include any of our five-a-day.”
My children are little fruit bats and if I leave a basket of fruit on the dining room table, they will keep grazing on fruit. Look at Jumpy devouring a peach!
Wriggly, what can I say about Wriggly? My little monkey eats 3 or 4 bananas every day…
Around here, January has been all about varied, wholesome lunches for my little ones. They love their packed lunches so much they have been asking for indoor picnics at the weekend! I honestly did not change much apart from planning the lunchboxes the way I would plan meals for the week, and it has made a huge difference to what goes in the lunchboxes (for starters, I don’t run out of ‘lunchbox food’ on Wednesday mornings!). Here come lunchbox ideas and tips to get some of those 5-a-day into your lunchboxes!
Before I go into the nitty gritty of packing those fun and healthy lunchboxes, let’s go back to basics and focus a bit on what counts as your 5-a-day.
Why do I need to eat 5 portions of fruit and vegetables every day?
Fruit and vegetables are a source of vitamins and minerals. They also contain fibre, which contributes to maintaining a healthy gut and prevent digestion issues. The 5-a-day campaign stem from the World Health Organisation’s advice to eat at least 400g of fruit and veg per day as part of a balanced diet to minimise risks of health problems such as stoke, some cancers and heart disease.
Can I just eat 400g of strawberries to tick the 5-a-day off my list for the day?
You need five portions of a range of fruit of vegetables, not five portions of the same fruit or vegetable.
Do chips count as one of my 5-a-day?
No. Most root vegetables like parsnips, sweet potatoes or swede count as part of your 5-a-day but potatoes count as a starchy food (like bread, rice or pasta) so you cannot add them as one of your 5-a-day when you eat chips, mashed potatoes, a jacket potato or a potato salad. Plantain, cassava and yams are in the same category.
What counts then?
- Fresh fruit & vegetables
- Frozen and tinned fruit and veg
- Dried fruit (a heaped tablespoon – 30g), eaten at mealtimes
- Fruit and vegetables in ready-made food
- Fruit and vegetables in cooked form (in pasta, a stew or soup)
- One of your portions of fruit and veg can also be unsweetened 100% fruit juice or smoothie (150ml)
How do I know what a portion of fruit is?
For adults, a portion of fruit or veg is 80 grams, a small glass of juice or smoothie (150ml) or 30g dried fruit (a heaped tablespoon).
I did some weighing at home, and a portion was:
- 1 medium apple
- 1/2 cup blueberries
- 1 small avocado
- 9 small cherry tomatoes on the vine
- a couple of broccoli spears
- 1/2 a pepper
- a 5cm piece of cucumber
- 1/2 cup defrosted peas
- 1/2 cup tined sweetcorn
What do 5 portions of fruit and veg look like?
I am a visual person so I took photos of 5 adult portions of fruit and veg to show you exactly what to aim for.
– 1/2 cup (80g) sweetcorn
– 1/2 cup (80g) peas
– 9 small baby tomatoes on the vine
– a small peach
– a small avocado
– a bowl of salad (big handful)
– 1/2 cup (80g) blueberries
– 2 small carrots (80g), peeled
– 1/2 corn on the cob
– a small apple
– a small banana
– 5cm piece of cucumber
– a heaped tablespoon dried cranberries
– 150ml 100% juice
– 1/2 a pepper
How about children?
It really depends how old they are, but here is a rough guide: a portion is what they can fit into the palm of their hand.
For Jumpy (4 years old), a portion of cucumber would be three slices, and a portion of peppers would be 3 strips.
For Beanie (6 years old), a dozen blueberries and 1/2 a kiwi each count as a portion of fruit.
Children can also have one small glass of juice or smoothie as one of their 5-a-day.
My children normally have their small glass of juice in the morning with their porridge, but since we have been using Tropicana Little Bottles, they have had their juice for lunch at times.
I never really know how much Crevette (8 years old) drinks at school as his water bottle is always almost full when he comes home so at least I know he has some fluid intake now he has juice for lunch. I also pay for him to have a cartoon of milk at playtime so I am reassured he keeps hydrated and I will definitely keep giving him his juice for lunch (he prefers milk in the morning anyway). Sorry, I am waffling!
Here are 10 lunchbox ideas to help you eat more fruit & veg when on the go
1- Plan lunchboxes together
Being part of the decision-making and having a choice will encourage your children to eat more fruit and vegetables.
2- Prepare fruit & veg together
From a young age, children can help peel, chop, grate vegetables under supervision, make fruit and veg kebabs or put together a fruit salad.
3- Lead by example
Snack on fruit and veg, show younger members of your family you do enjoy fruit and veg.
4- Have a family challenge
Print a chart for each member of the family and at the end of each day, tick how many portions you have all had. At the end of the week, whoever has eaten the most fruit and veg gets a prize, e.g. mum can have an hour in the bathroom to herself and have a bath, go to the winner’s favourite park, play a board game, go for a bike ride as a family etc.
5- Funny Fruit
Draw faces with a Sharpie pen on bananas or satsumas. Turn fruit and veg into rainbow skewers.
6- Themed lunchboxes
Can you create a rainbow lunchbox? A vegan one? A green and orange one?
7- Homemade jelly
Make your own jelly using 100% fruit juice and gelatine or agar agar for a yummy treat.
Use leftover plain pasta or boiled potatoes to quickly put together a salad by simply throwing in some peas, cherry tomatoes, sweetcorn or anything that takes your fancy.
Soup is also a lovely lunch option. Simply reheat it in the morning and place it in a Thermos container.
9- Yoghurt and Fruit
Sprinkle fresh fruit on natural greek yoghurt and a few pieces of dried fruit for a moreish dessert.
10- Little Bottles
The compact 150ml Tropicana Little Bottles make a perfect addition to any lunchbox, and they are a great way to get one of your 5-a-day.
Have you got any other lunchbox ideas to increase fruit and veg intake?
For more information about the 5-a-day campaign, head over to the Live Well part of the NHS website.
Disclosure: This blog post is sponsored by Tropicana. |
3. Collection of data
Taurus collects non-personally-identifying information of the sort that web browsers and servers typically make available, such as the operating system, the browser type, language preference, referring site, and the date and time of each request to the Website. Taurus’ purpose in collecting non-personally identifying information is to better understand how a person uses the Website. These data can be collected with the help of analytics tools. Such technologies can tell Taurus things like how a person arrived on the Website, if this person visited the Website before, how long this person stays on the Website, and which pages this person visits. In particular, the Website uses Google analytics. To learn more about it, visit: http://www.google.com/analytics/learn/privacy.html.
The access and use of the Website and the provision of Taurus’ services require Taurus to gather personal data, i.e. all information relating to an identified or identifiable person. The amount and type of information that Taurus gathers, depends on the nature of the interaction. In each case, Taurus collects such information only insofar as is necessary or appropriate to fulfil the purpose of the person’s interaction with the Website, e.g. to provide the online products and/or services. You may choose to refuse to supply personal data to Us. Taurus might not be in a position to serve You as effectively or offer You some or all of Taurus’ services or products when You choose not to share certain personal information with Us.
4. How personal information is used
Taurus’ primary purpose in collecting personal information is to provide You with a secure, smooth, efficient and customised experience. In general, Taurus uses personal information to create, develop, operate, deliver and improve its services, including but not limited to the following:
- To provide You with Taurus’ services and customer support that You may request;
- To process transactions and send You notices about Your transactions;
- To verify Your identity;
- To send administrative or account-related information to You;
- To better understand Taurus’ customers and end users and the way they interact with the Website and Taurus’ services;
- To implement the preferences You opt for;
- To customise, measure and improve Taurus’ services and layout of the Website;
- To enhance security, prevent fraud, monitor and verify identity or services access, combat spam or other malware or security risks;
- To deliver targeted marketing, services update notices and promotional offers based on Your communication preferences;
- To communicate with You;
- To prevent and investigate potentially prohibited or illegal activities, and/or violations of Taurus’ GTC;
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- For quality control and staff training.
Taurus will not use Your personal information for purposes other than those purposes it has disclosed to You, without Your permission. From time to time, Taurus may request Your permission to allow Us to share Your personal information with third parties. You may choose not to have Your personal information shared with third parties where Taurus relies on consent as the lawful basis for processing Your personal information. You may also choose not to allow Taurus to use Your personal information for any purpose that is incompatible with the purposes for which Taurus originally collected it or subsequently obtained Your authorisation. If You choose to limit the use of Your personal information, some or all features of Taurus’ services may not be available to You.
5. Security of personal data
Taurus understands how important Your privacy is, which is why Taurus maintains (and requires its service providers to maintain) appropriate physical, technical and administrative safeguards to protect the security and confidentiality of the personal information You entrust to Us.
We may process all or part of Your personal and transactional information, including certain payment information, in Switzerland and elsewhere in the world where Taurus facilities or service providers are located. Taurus protects Your personal information by maintaining physical, electronic and procedural safeguards in compliance with the applicable laws and regulations.
For example, Taurus uses computer safeguards such as firewalls and data encryption, and all personal data is stored on secured database servers with restricted access. For the persons outside Switzerland, please note that any personal data transferred to the Website will be transferred out of the person’s country of origin or residence. You expressly consent to such transfer and storage through the use of the Website. You also warrant that You have the right to transfer such information outside the country where they are originated from.
Other than to its employees and affiliated corporate entities or as described above, Taurus discloses personal data only when required to do so by law, or when Taurus believes in good faith that disclosure is reasonably necessary to protect the property or rights of Taurus, third parties, investors or the public at large. Taurus takes all measures reasonably necessary to protect against the unauthorised access, use, alteration or destruction of personal data.
Despite Taurus’ measures to protect personal information, it cannot guarantee that loss, misuse, unauthorised acquisition or alteration of Your data will not occur. Your attention is drawn to the fact that You play a vital role in protecting Your information.
6. How do we treat electronic messages sent to and from Taurus
All electronic messages sent to and from Taurus are automatically retained in a distinct journaling system which preserves the evidential weight of the emails. They are protected by reasonable technical and organisational measures and may only be accessed in justified cases in line with applicable laws and regulations (e.g. court order, suspicion of criminal conduct, violation of regulatory obligations, material breach of employment contract) to specific persons in defined functions (e.g. Legal, Compliance, Risk). Every step of the process, as well as the search criteria used, are logged in an audit trail.
7. Direct marketing
From time to time, Taurus may use Your personal data (including Your name and contact details, online behavioural information, and account, transaction and financial information) to send You news, offers, promotions and joint marketing offers about Taurus’ products and services, in accordance with the level of consent You have expressed when registering with Taurus.
Unless You have previously indicated that You do not wish to receive marketing materials from Taurus, Your consent to use and disclose Your personal data for the above direct marketing purposes has been obtained in accordance with applicable laws under existing privacy notices, agreements, and/or Taurus’ GTC, as part of Your ongoing relationship with Taurus.
Even if You have previously given Taurus Your express consent to use and disclose Your personal data for the above direct marketing purposes, You may withdraw Your consent at any time free of charge by contacting Taurus as indicated in section 11 below. The withdrawal of Your consent will be processed and will take effect as soon as reasonably possible.
8. Third party providers
It is Taurus’ policy to use only third party providers that are bound to maintain appropriate levels of security and confidentiality, to process personal information only as instructed by Taurus and to impose the same obligations on to their own sub-processors, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
9. Links to third party sites
A cookie is a small file, typically a string of information of letters and numbers, downloaded to a device when a person accesses certain websites. Cookies are then sent back to the originating website on each subsequent visit. Cookies can allow a website to recognise a person’s device.
Types of cookies used by Taurus
Taurus uses several types of cookies. Some are essential, while others You can opt out of or block. Opting out or blocking some cookies may affect the functionality of the online products and/or services, and of the Website. The below explanations shall help each person to make informed choices about the information a person provides to Taurus and third parties when a person visits the Website.
There are broadly four reasons why a cookie might be stored on Your device when visiting the Website:
- Cookies that make the Website works properly for You and enable You to make use of the secure online products and/or services that Taurus provides;
- Cookies that collect data about Your use of the Website which is then anonymised and used to help Taurus improve online products and/or services;
- Cookies that remember Your preferences and make the Website easier for You to use;
- Cookies that are placed by third party services Taurus makes use of to enhance the information Taurus presents online. Taurus has no control over these third party cookies.
These cookies are placed on Your device either by Taurus or by the third parties whose services we use as part of the Website. Some cookies are retained in Your browser for only as long as You visit the Website, while others persist for a longer specified or unspecified period.
How to block cookies
You can restrict or block cookies which are set during Your use of the Website by changing your browser’s settings. For more detailed information, see http://www.allaboutcookies.org/. Some pages may not work if you completely disable cookies, but many third party cookies can be safely blocked.
Check information in Your browser’s help section for specific instructions on how to manage cookies.
Strictly necessary cookies
Some cookies Taurus places on Your browser ensure that the Website, the online products and/or services, deliver information and products and/or services securely and optimally to You. You must accept these cookies to be able to make use of Taurus’ online systems.
Some cookies enable websites to remember choices persons make, for example, user name, and language or text size. These cookies are known as “functionality cookies” and help to improve a person’s experience of a website by providing a more personalised service.
Taurus uses a number of tools that monitor Your behaviour on the Website to help Taurus improve and customise the provided information and online products and/or services. In particular the Website uses the Cookie Google Analytics which collects information and reports website usage statistics without personally identifying individual visitors to Google.
You can opt out of providing Taurus with this information if You wish, with no impact on Your experience of the Website. To opt out of being tracked by Google Analytics when using the Website: https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout/ .
Third party cookies
The Website, some online products and/or services use third party services or software. Many of these services may set cookies on Your device.
You can block or remove cookies Yourself by altering the settings of Your browser. Blocking these cookies is unlikely to impact on Your experience of the Website.
Cookies set across the Website
The cookies set across the Website are strictly necessary cookies.
11. Your rights in relation to personal information
In accordance with applicable laws and regulations, you are entitled to access, review, update, rectify or have rectified Your personal information held by Taurus where it is inaccurate. You have a right to object to the processing of Your personal information for direct marketing purposes at any time and a right to erasure in the cases provided by the applicable law and regulations.
Taurus understands the importance of protecting children’s privacy, especially in an online environment. The Website is not intentionally designed for or directed at children, and the use of Taurus’ services requires all users to be above the age of majority. Taurus never knowingly collects or maintains personal information about individuals under the age of 18.
14. Applicable law and jurisdiction |
“our city and nation become stronger if we invest in young leaders who are organizers and movement builders”
This is the endgame for progressives in higher education. This is what it’s all about for the left and why they really want college to be free.
Th College Fix reports:
CUNY launches center to train students in ‘social justice’ activism
Two campuses in the City University of New York system will work together on an institute to train social justice activists.
The “Leadership for Democracy and Social Justice” institute will be located at The City College of New York and the CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies.
The goal is to reach 10,000 leaders in the next five years “through expanded programs such as online courses and regional workshops,” according to CUNY’s announcement.
Recruitment for the institute will focus on “leaders who represent diverse communities, including people of color, women, LGBTQ+ leaders and leaders from working class and low-income backgrounds.”
A CUNY spokesperson said the institute will be open to “differing viewpoints.”
“As a public institution, we are non-partisan,” Dee Dee Mozeleski told The College Fix June 27 via email. She is a senior advisor to CCNY President Vincent Boudreau.
She said the institute “supports the safe expression of freedom of speech promised by [the two campuses’] shared vision to provide access to an excellent education to all students with talent.”
“That commitment means that differing viewpoints are welcome and opportunities for respectful discourse remain a bedrock of what we stand for as places of higher learning,” Mozeleski told The Fix.
“The new Leadership of Democracy and Social Justice institute builds upon a 175-year history of ensuring that our university system serves the ‘whole people’ of New York City and the nation,” she said in her email.
The Fix also reached out directly to CUNY officials Andrew Rich, Deepak Bhargava, and Gregory Mantsios to ask about the institute’s views on political viewpoint diversity, but it did not receive a response.
“The new institute serves an essential role in our society,” Boudreau, president of The City College of New York, said in the news release. “It recognizes that our city and nation become stronger if we invest in young leaders who are organizers and movement builders.”
Donations tax deductible
to the full extent allowed by law. |
LFRS IN MELTON MOWBRAY OFFERING ADVICE AFTER SERIOUS FIRE
Following on from the house fire on the evening of Sunday 19 March, which led to the death of a female occupant, an investigation is now taking place.
Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service will be working in the local area during the next few days to provide reassurance and advice to local residents about how they can avoid a similar fire.
It’s essential everyone stays safe from fire in their homes and to help, we will be offering advice on smoke alarms, escape plans as well as giving you the chance to sign up for a free Home Fire Safety Check.
We have planned to be in the local area with a mobile drop-in centre on the following days so please come along and talk to us:
Friday 24 March (09:00 – 12:00 hours):
- Melton Farmers Market (Gate 1 and 2), Scalford Road, LE13 1JY
Saturday 25 March (11:00 – 15:00 hours):
- Melton Mowbray Town Centre
Please look out for posters advertising our presence in your local community.
In the meantime, a wide range of tips on how to keep you and your home safe from fire are available on Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service’s website which can be found by visiting www.leicestershire-fire.gov.uk/your-safety.
Notes to editors
Interviews can be arranged with prior arrangement via Corporate Communications.
About the Service
Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service provides emergency response, prevention and protection services from 20 stations across Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland. Its headquarters is based in Birstall, Leicester.
The Service’s prevention, education, enforcement and inspection programmes have resulted in significant reductions in the number of incidents. In the last ten years, fire related incidents have reduced by 46 percent.
During 2015/16, the Service attended 666 road traffic collisions, of which 174 were extrications freeing 208 people trapped inside their vehicles and completed 5086 home fire safety checks, fitting almost 4481 smoke alarms. Staff organised or supported almost 1431 events aimed at promoting fire and road safety and arson prevention, whilst also visiting 332 schools to deliver fire and road safety education to pupils.
Communications and Digital Media Administrator
0116 229 2178 |
According to Globes newspaper the building at 76 Ahad Ha’am Street in Tel Aviv was sold
for 20,000,000 NIS. The building is located on the corner of Ahad Ha’am and Nachmani
Streets which is in the neighborhood called “Lev Hair” (the heart of the city).
This is a neighborhood rich in beautiful historic buildings built in the eclectic and bauhaus styles.
Indeed, Nachmani Street (which cuts across the trendy Rothchild Blvd.) boasts some of the
most beautiful historical buildings in Tel Aviv, such as the Pagoda House, and two newly
renovated boutique hotels.
The building is built on a lot of 630 sq. meters and is four stories high, with 16
apartments some of which are still held by protected tenants. The building was built 65
years ago and was declared historical by the municipality but the owners will be allowed to
add an additional floor of 292 sq. meters. However, the renovation of the building will have
to be done in accordance with the strict rules that apply to historical buildings.
Although the area in which the building is located is a desirable one it suffers from a lack of parking. This is a prevalent problem with historical areas. No one knew 100 years ago that the automobile would become such a popular invention. |
Imagined Communities by Benedict AndersonWhat makes people love and die for nations, as well as hate and kill in their name? While many studies have been written on nationalist political movements, the sense of nationality—the personal and cultural feeling of belonging to the nation—has not received proportionate attention. In this widely acclaimed work, Benedict Anderson examines the creation and global spread of the 'imagined communities' of nationality. Anderson explores the processes that created these communities: the territorialisation of religious faiths, the decline of antique kingship, the interaction between capitalism and print, the development of vernacular languages-of-state, and changing conceptions of time. He shows how an originary nationalism born in the Americas was modularly adopted by popular movements in Europe, by the imperialist powers, and by the anti-imperialist resistances in Asia and Africa. This revised edition includes two new chapters, one of which discusses the complex role of the colonialist state's mindset in the development of Third World nationalism, while the other analyses the processes by which all over the world, nations came to imagine themselves as old.
Create an account, log in and borrow. To download you will need Adobe Digital Editions on your device.
Selected Chapters from Imagined Communities. If you can not read above please access here.
The Nation and Its Fragments by Partha ChatterjeePrint book in UML Library. In this book, the prominent theorist Partha Chatterjee looks at the creative and powerful results of the nationalist imagination in Asia and Africa that are posited not on identity but on difference with the nationalism propagated by the West. Arguing that scholars have been mistaken in equating political nationalism with nationalism as such, he shows how anticolonialist nationalists produced their own domain of sovereignty within colonial society well before beginning their political battle with the imperial power. These nationalists divided their culture into material and spiritual domains, and staked an early claim to the spiritual sphere, represented by religion, caste, women and the family, and peasants. Chatterjee shows how middle-class elites first imagined the nation into being in this spiritual dimension and then readied it for political contest, all the while "normalizing" the aspirations of the various marginal groups that typify the spiritual sphere. While Chatterjee's specific examples are drawn from Indian sources, with a copious use of Bengali language materials, the book is a contribution to the general theoretical discussion on nationalism and the modern state. Examining the paradoxes involved with creating first a uniquely non-Western nation in the spiritual sphere and then a universalist nation-state in the material sphere, the author finds that the search for a postcolonial modernity is necessarily linked with past struggles against modernity. |
I 'm excited by Linux and I love Linux. A huge Linux community helps newbees how to use Linux the right way. Why shoudln't I also give back my experiences to the Linux community? I got help fomr the community when I started to use Linux. Now it's my task to provide help forLinux newbees.
- For example to help them to configure their local network and how to get internet connectivity. In general it's not that difficult - except you use special WLAN network cards. But very often the same basic config errors are done. I try to detect these common erros with my script collectNWData and to provide help how to fix the configuration errors. If that doesn't help the information collected helps other people in the Linux community to get valuable networking information and to help to isolate and fix the networking problems.
- Next to get experience with joomla. I like to learn new things at any time.
- And last but not least - to document any experiences I make with my local network and my local Linux systems for me and indeed also for the Linux community. It's in particular important for steps not executed every day. |
The US economy is constantly trying to stay on top of an economic crisis. This is why the advantages of E-2 Investment visas are more than welcomed. Business owners will find it simpler for them to establish a business in the US and discover the possibilities of their strengths as a business in this land of opportunity.
The E-2 Investment visas allow investors to travel to the US and grow their business within the United States. Anyone who is willing to invest in the US or by purchasing an existing company or creating a new company that could create jobs for US citizens is eligible to apply for E-2 Visas for Investors. You can visit www.miloviclaw.com/non-immigrant-visas to hire a visa lawyer.
Image Source: Google
Investors must prove that the investment is an investment in a business that is symbiotically beneficial for the country as well as his own business goals. The government will assess the investment amount against the proposed venture before declaring it a substantial amount that is suitable for investment and therefore eligible for the E-2 Investors Visa.
The person is granted permits to work, conduct business, and live in the United States for a period of two years. Minors can join E-2 Visa holders in the status of dependents, and receive benefits such as job opportunities for spouses as well as schooling for children. The E-2 visa allows you to travel without restriction in the US. |
Laryngomalacia is a common cause of noisy breathing in infants. It happens when a baby’s larynx (or voice box) is soft and floppy. When the baby takes a breath, the part of the larynx above the vocal cords falls in and temporarily blocks the baby’s airway.
What does shortness of breath in babies sound like?
Wheezing. A tight, whistling or musical sound heard with each breath may indicate that the air passages may be smaller, making it more difficult to breathe. Stridor. An sound heard in the upper airway when the child breathes in.
Is it normal for newborns to sound like they are wheezing?
Wheezing or a high-pitched noise that comes from the chest during breathing is common in babies and children. Between 25-30 percent of infants will experience at least one episode. Around 40 percent experience it by the age of 3 years old and almost 50 percent by the age of 6 years.
Why does my baby sound like she’s gasping for air while sleeping?
Lewis explains, “The baby breathes slowly, pauses for a few seconds, and inhales air. The inhalation may sound long like a gasp. “Some babies may have trouble swallowing saliva at night and make a gasping noise. The baby will make a loud noise that sounds as if inhaling air.
When should I worry about my baby’s breathing?
But see your GP or contact NHS 111 if you’re worried . However, you should call 999 if you notice any of these signs: Your baby’s breathing is becoming harder work and they seem exhausted from the effort . Your baby is grunting every time they breathe out, flaring their nostrils or using their stomach to breathe.
What are the first signs of RSV?
The most common symptoms of RSV include:
- Runny nose.
- Short periods without breathing (apnea)
- Trouble eating, drinking, or swallowing.
- Flaring of the nostrils or straining of the chest or stomach while breathing.
- Breathing faster than usual, or trouble breathing.
How do I know if my child has low oxygen?
Below is a list of some of the signs that may indicate that your child is not getting enough oxygen.
Learning the signs of respiratory distress
- Breathing rate. …
- Increased heart rate. …
- Color changes. …
- Grunting. …
- Nose flaring. …
- Retractions. …
- Sweating. …
Is noisy breathing normal in newborns?
High-pitched, squeaky sound: Called stridor or laryngomalacia, this is a sound very young babies make when breathing in. It is worse when a child is lying on their back. It is caused by excess tissue around the larynx and is typically harmless. It typically passes by the time a child reaches age 2.
Why does my newborn sound chesty?
If mucus goes down the back of your baby’s throat it may cause her to gurgle. Mucus can also move further down to your baby’s voice box (larynx) and her windpipe (trachea), which may make her sound “chesty”.
What should normal baby breathing look like?
Normal breathing for a baby — newborn to 12 months — is between 30 – 60 breaths a minute, and between 20 – 40 breaths per minute while sleeping. Contrast that with a normal adult rate, which is 12 – 16 breaths a minute and you will see that babies breathe a lot more quickly than adults.
Why does it sound like my baby needs to clear his throat?
Many newborns are congested around this age and a bit of post nasal drip can cause a throat clearing sound. To help relieve normal newborn nasal congestion, try the following: Run a cool mist humidifier or vaporizer in the room during sleep to keep the skin inside of the nose moist.
Why does it sound like my dog is gasping for air?
Reverse sneezing is often caused by irritation of the palate/laryngeal area. … Reverse sneezing is characterized by honking, hacking or snorting sounds (gasping inwards). It primarily occurs when the dog is excited, but it can also happen after drinking, eating, running, or pulling on the leash.
Is it normal for a newborn to breathe heavy while sleeping?
You might notice your newborn breathing fast, even while sleeping. Babies can also take long pauses between each breath or make noises while breathing. Most of these come down to a baby’s physiology. Babies have smaller lungs, weaker muscles, and breathe mostly through their nose. |
Maintaining the Fedora developer spin
siddharth at techbugs.org
Fri Jun 27 03:04:29 UTC 2008
On Fri, Jun 27, 2008 at 3:48 AM, Rahul Sundaram
<sundaram at fedoraproject.org> wrote:
> Andrew Overholt from the Red Hat Java team initiated a effort to create a
> Fedora developer spin (live DVD) for Fedora 8. Unfortunately he hasn't had
> time to continue to maintain it.
> In brief, a spin is a custom variant of Fedora targeted at more specific
> audience and can be either regular installation or live images. Refer
> In this case, what is minimum required for you to maintain a spin is basic
> understanding of the kickstart syntax and livecd-creator, both of which are
> pretty easy to learn. I can help walk you through the process if you are
> interested. Do let me know if this interests you. Thanks.
> Fedora-india mailing list
> Fedora-india at redhat.com
I'd like to take this..
i am fine with kickstart and livecds..
More information about the Fedora-india |
On 15 August, India will mark its 67th anniversary of independence from Britain. It may seem strange to some that a nation would publicly celebrate its independence while at the same time it less publicly cedes it to outsiders. The gleaming façade of flags and fly-pasts will belie the fact that national security and independence do not depend on military might and patriotic speeches. Eye-catching celebrations will take place in Delhi and much of the media will mouth platitudes about the strength of the nation and its independence. The reality is, however, an ongoing, concerted attempt to undermine and destroy the very foundation and security of the country.
The bedrock of any society is its agriculture. Without food there can be no life. Without food security, there can be no genuine independence. A recent report by the organisation GRAIN revealed that small farms produce most of the world’s food and are more productively efficient than large farms . Facilitated by an appropriate policy framework, small farmers could easily feed the global population. But small farmers are currently squeezed onto less than a quarter of the world’s farmland and the world is fast losing farms and farmers through the concentration of land into the hands big agribusiness and the rich and powerful. If nothing is done to reverse this trend, the world will lose its capacity to feed itself.
By definition, peasant agriculture prioritises food production for local and national markets as well as for farmers’ own families. Corporations take over scarce fertile land and prioritise non-food commodities or export crops for profit and markets far away that cater for the needs of the affluent. This process impoverishes local communities and brings about food insecurity. GRAIN concludes that the concentration of fertile agricultural land in fewer and fewer hands is directly related to the increasing number of people going hungry every day.
The Oakland Institute in the US recently stated that the first years of the 21st century will be remembered for a global land rush of nearly unprecedented scale . An estimated 500 million acres, an area eight times the size of Britain , was reported bought or leased across the developing world between 2000 and 2011, often at the expense of local food security and land rights. This trend could eventually result in the permanent shift of farm ownership from family businesses to institutional investors and other consolidated corporate operations.
Monsanto in India
In India, small farms account for 92 percent of farms and occupy around 40 percent of all agricultural land. They form the bedrock of food production. However, there is a concerted effort to remove farmers from the land. Hundreds of thousands of farmers have taken their lives since 1997 and many more are experiencing economic distress or have left farming as a result of debt, a shift to (GM) cash crops and economic liberalisation .
Monsanto already controls the cotton industry in India and is increasingly shaping agri-policy and the knowledge paradigm by funding agricultural research in public universities and institutes. Its practices and colonisation of institutions have led to it being called the ‘contemporary East India Company’ , and regulatory bodies are now severely compromised and riddled with conflicts of interest where decision-making over GMOs are concerned .
In the meantime, Monsanto and the GM biotech sector forward the myth that GM food is necessary to feed the world’s burgeoning population. They are not. Aside from the review by GRAIN, the World Bank-funded International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge and Science for Development Report stated that smallholder, traditional farming (not GMOs) can deliver food security in low-income countries through sustainable agri-ecological systems .
The Standing Committee on Agriculture in Parliament unequivocally concluded that GM seeds and foods are dangerous to human, animal and environmental health and directed the former Government of Manmohan Singh to ban GMOs . Despite such evidence and the recommendations to put a hold on open field GM trials by the Supreme Court-appointed Technical Expert Committee, the push is on within official circles to give such trials the green light.
Monsanto cannot be trusted
The GM biotech sector cannot be trusted. As its largest player, Monsanto is responsible for knowingly damaging people’s health and polluting the environment and is guilty of a catalogue of decades-long deceptive, duplicitous and criminal practices . It has shown time and again its contempt for human life and the environment and that profit overrides any notion of service to the public, yet it continues to propagate the lie that it has humanity’s best interests at heart because its so-called GMO ‘frontier technology’ can feed the hungry millions.
The sector attempts to control the ‘science’ around its products by carrying out inadequate, secretive studies of its own, placing restrictions on any independent research into its products and censoring findings that indicate the deleterious impacts of its products . It has also faked data and engages in attacking scientists who reach conclusions not to its liking [10,11]. It cannot demonstrate that yields are better, nutritional values are improved, health is not damaged or that harm to the environment does not occur with the adoption of GMOs. Independent studies and evidence, not inadequate industry funded or backed studies, have indicated yields are often worse and herbicide use has increased [12,13,14], health is negatively impacted [15,16], soil is damaged and biodiversity is undermined , among other things.
GRAIN found that around 56 percent of Russia ‘s agricultural output comes from family farms which occupy less than 9 percent of arable land. Russia does not need or want GM crops, which the Russian Prime Minister has described as amounting to little more than a form of biological warfare weapon . And here lies the real heart of the matter. Former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger once said that if you control oil you control nations, but if you control food you control people. GMOs are not needed to feed the world. Science cannot justify their use. They are a weapon.
In India, there is a drive to remove small/family farms, which are capable of ensuring the nation’s food security, and eventually replace them with larger biotech-controlled monoculture farms with GM crops for Western styled processed-food supermarkets and export . It is no surprise that the likes of Syngenta, Monsanto and Walmart had a direct hand in drawing up the Knowledge Initiative on Agriculture, which was in turn linked to the US sanctioning the opening up of India’s nuclear power sector.
Despite India not being a signatory to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, US corporations are now actively involved in helping India develop its civil nuclear capabilities. Payback appears to come in the form of handing over the control of India’s agricultural land and food system to the US via that country’s biotech companies.
GMOs and the bigger picture
Russia is correct to conflate bio-terror and GMOs. The oil-rich Rockefeller family set out to control global agriculture via the petrochemical-dependent ‘green revolution’. The destruction of traditional farmer-controlled agriculture was actively supported by the US government and its Trojan horse agritech corporations under the agenda set out by Kissinger. GMOs now represent the ultimate stranglehold over food via ‘terminator’ seed technology, seed patenting and intellectual property rights.
Moreover, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Gates Foundation – which have teamed up with Monsanto in Africa – have long-standing concerns about overpopulation in ‘third world’ countries and how they could develop and threaten resources that the West has used to enrich itself with . In fact, Monsanto now own the Epicyte gene, which causes sterility. What will be the ‘final solution’ for the likes of 600 million in India or millions in Africa or elsewhere who are to be removed from agriculture ? The eugenicists are knocking at the door.
Despite compliant politicians and officials in high places who seem hellbent on capitulating to Monsanto and the US, many recognise the dangers associated with GMOs and are working hard to resist their introduction. However, they are attacked and accused of slowing down growth because of their resistance to GMOs . Certain activists and civil organisations are also accused of working against the national interest by colluding with foreign interests to undermine ‘development ‘. The hypocrisy is blindingly obvious: the state itself has for a long time been colluding with foreign interests to undermine the basis of traditional agriculture.
The political backing for GMOs by the US State Department, the strategic position of the US GM biotech sector in international trade agreements and the push to get GMOs into India and to contaminate agriculture via open-field trials with the compliance of key officials and official bodies does not bode well. Independence is much more than military might, patriotic slogans and a self-congratulatory media-induced frenzy on a designated day each year. In terms of GMOs, Russia is aware of this. It is actively committed to putting the GMO genie back in the bottle . Why isn’t India?
“It is fitting that at this solemn moment we take the pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still larger cause of humanity’ The achievement we celebrate today is but a step, an opening of opportunity, to the greater triumphs and achievements that await us. Are we brave enough and wise enough to grasp this opportunity and accept the challenge of the future? … A new star rises, the star of freedom in the east, a new hope comes into being, a vision long cherished materialises. May the star never set and that hope never be betrayed!” Jawaharlal Nehru from his “tryst with destiny” speech at Parliament House in New Delhi in 1947 .
Categorised in: Article
This post was written by Colin Todhunter |
As many of us are busy stocking up with supplies that we think we’ll need if asked to shelter in place, I was interested to find an article titled “Hints to Sportsmen” that outlines supplies needed in an emergency circa 1913. This resource gave a short description of practical advice and also outlined what would be considered an appropriate amount of rations for two men for one year. I’ve transcribed the information below so that it can be viewed on a variety of devices at a comfortable text size. The article was written in a different time and as such uses the language of the day. If my calculations are correct $172.80 went a lot further in 1913 than it does in 2020. Hopefully you’ll find this as interesting as I did.Read more
By Ephraim Peabody
The silent wilderness for me!
Where never sound is heard,
Save the rustling of the squirrel’s foot,
And the flitting wing of bird,
Or its low uninterrupted note,
Or the deer’s quick crackling tread,
And the swaying of the forest boughs,
As the wind moves overhead.
This entry is related to the tracking series that was featured previously. I found information about common signs and signals used by Native Americans in the same resource: “Mountain Scouting – A Hand-Book for Officers and Soldiers on the Frontiers” by Edward S. Farrow, 1881. Although Farrow paints with some broad strokes, the information is interesting when taken in the context of the times.Read more
In the fifth and final installment in our series about tracking taken from “Mountain Scouting – A Hand-Book for Officers and Soldiers on the Frontiers” by Edward S. Farrow, 1881, Farrow describes how to disguise your tracks and advises how to read the behavior of various animals you encounter along the trail and what that indicates for the trail beyond. If you missed the first four installments, please click the links below.Read more
This is the fourth installment in our series about tracking taken from “Mountain Scouting – A Hand-Book for Officers and Soldiers on the Frontiers” by Edward S. Farrow, 1881. Farrow describes tracking horses and how you can tell the speed and the condition of their travel. If you missed the first three installments, please click the links below.
This is the third installment in the tracking series taken from “Mountain Scouting – A Hand-Book for Officers and Soldiers on the Frontiers” by Edward S. Farrow, 1881. If you missed the first or second, please follow along in the links listed below. In this segment, Farrow recounts how he discovered who was encroaching upon his camp at night and stealing the camp’s supplies.
This installment about constructing a wilderness camp goes into furnishing your cabin with a camp bed as described in “Woodcraft” by E.H. Kreps, 1919. In case you missed the initial series, follow the links below. The next installment will cover how to make a table for your cabin.
I grew up near what is now called Gap Cave (formerly Cudjo’s Cave) in Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. (Sidenote: if you’re ever in that area, the National Park Rangers give a fantastic 2 hour guided tour). It was said that Gap Cave was used in Civil War times as a hospital. Caves being a natural choice when choosing shelter, these tips on how to construct a half-cave shelter come from “Shelters, Shacks, and Shanties” by D.C. Beard, 1914.
With warm weather upon us, this article about how to preserve fresh fish in warm weather seemed useful. It comes from “The Sportsman’s Hand Book” by Col. Horace Park, 1886. If you have any tips or insights, please post them in the comments. |
This is primarily in response to Roedad Khan’s piece of Oct 21 titled “Forgotten lessons of history.” Mr Khan has misrepresented the history and current realities of Waziristan. True, there was a resistance movement in Waziristan against the British army in the past but surely the Pakistan army right now is not a colonial army trying to occupy Waziristan.
The relationship between Pakistan and the Waziristan tribes is different from what it was with the British: the tribes now accept the reality that the region is an integral part of Pakistan. In fact, that it has been their constant complaint for the past several decades that they wanted greater integration into the mainstream so as to benefit from increased socio-economic development. I would go as far to suggest that it is only the mostly-Islamabad-based armchair analysts who are questioning the ongoing military operation in Waziristan because, by and large, the people of the region understand that there is a real danger to them and to the country from the Taliban and Al Qaeda. What they also say is that till now the state had not been serious in standing up to the extremists which have gained a solid foothold in the region and in that regard the operation is seen to bring some element of hope.
As far as the displacement of the people of the two agencies is concerned, that began well before the current military operation. While no definitive statistics are available to indicate any definitive conclusion on the issue, there is enough anecdotal evidence to strongly suggest that many of the financially better-off people of the region had already migrated from their homes some time back. Most of the people who are moving now – or who have moved in the recent past – are those who did not have the means to have migrated earlier. Many of those who left in the past did so because of the barbarism of the Taliban and their allies in Al Qaeda and the inability of the state to protect their lives and properties. Those who are moving now, in the wake of the ongoing military operation, lived a life of pure survival where they did not oppose – for obvious reasons – the extremists who had gained control over the region.
Some armchair intellectuals and analysts propagate the view that the militants and extremists are a kind of a tribal resistance to the Pakistan army, which they see as now fighting America’s war. Nothing can be farther from the truth. For the record, the Taliban and Al Qaeda have never claimed to represent tribal society or stand up for Pakhtun nationalism. Their aim to further a global ideology which in their view should transcend all geographical borders and ethnicities – and that explains why those inclined towards this kind of worldview have come to Waziristan for training from all over the world.
No wonder one finds, apart from the indigenous Pakhtuns of course, Arabs, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Africans, Punjabis and even people from European countries in Waziristan. And this is not because the people of Waziristan love them but because the state of Pakistan had till now surrendered its writ in the area. The militants have waged a war against the two most important pillars of tribal society: the jirga or tribal council and the lashkar, or a tribal volunteer army. Hundreds of tribal elders have been target-killed and tribal society has ceased to function in Waziristan.
Now, moving on to another point raised by Roedad Khan, in his article, which was to compare the Faqir of Ipi with the Taliban leadership based in Waziristan. This is akin to an insult to the Faqir because, unlike the Taliban commanders, he was fighting for the land and for the people of Waziristan – and he was fighting a colonial power. He did not make grand claims in terms of spreading a religious ideology globally and he never killed or targeted any local people. He never banned the tribal jirga – rather, his struggle was endorsed by the jirgas. Also, he never banned music, dance or any other local custom. Furthermore, he and his men never attacked women and children and did not do anything to places of worship.
Resistance to colonial rule is just one aspect of the history of Waziristan. The other aspect is that there was a working relationship with the British masters for much of the time, and that should not be difficult to understand. Society in the region is like any other and so it responds differently to different circumstances. Many sub-tribes of Waziristan entered into smooth working relationship with the British after the they established colonial rule over the area through the office of political agent.
What is somewhat surprising about the occupation of Waziristan by militants and extremists is perhaps the silence of the educated people of the area. The educated from the Wazir, Mehsud, Dawar and Bhittani tribes are all well-integrated into the state structure and hold high-ranking positions both in civil and military bureaucracy of Pakistan, but one hasn’t come across too many of them speaking up for their land. This is remarkably dissimilar to what happened in the case of Swat where the arrival of the Taliban and their eventual control of the valley resulted in a national outpouring of protest and resentment from many Swatis.
To a greater extent, Swat is now free of Taliban control. The educated people of Swat, both in Pakistan and abroad, share a credit for that. Every educated Swati did whatever he or she could to inform the world about the Taliban atrocities in their hometown. I wonder why the educated people of Waziristan have been silent for years. What good is their education for? By keeping silent they are behaving like enemies of Waziristan rather than brave sons and daughters of the land. It is true that the educated families of Waziristan have also suffered due to the target killing in the area. But that does not mean they resign themselves to the adverse circumstances. They must now stand up and make alliances with like minded people all over Pakistan to stop the military from engaging in any more dubious peace deals with the terrorists and make sure that the operation Rah-e-Nijat is taken to its logical end—the complete elimination of the terrorists.
There are Pakistani and foreign terrorists in Waziristan running an Islamist Emirate there. The Pakistanis are mostly Pakhtun and Punjabis. The army must treat them as dangerous criminals. The foreigners are stateless Uzbeks, Arabs, Africans, Afghans, Chechens, Tajiks and even Muslim immigrants from Europe. If deported, they would mostly likely be killed in many of their countries of origin. Waziristan is the only place in the world where they could freely rule. They are not going to surrender their rule easily. For them it is do or die. They will give a very tough fight to the army. But the army must keep fighting them, no matter what, because the alternative is disaster.
The writer is a research fellow at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Gender Research, University of Oslo, and a member of Aryana Institute for Regional Research and Advocacy. Email: firstname.lastname@example.org (The News)
RECENTLY, I was standing in the immigration line atAtlanta’s international airport along with dozens of arrivals to the US from South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Nearby, Americans were also lining up to re-enter their country.
While we waited, a flight carrying International Security Assistance Force (based in Afghanistan) troops set down. With no need to clear immigration, the troops, in army fatigues and carrying backpacks, walked through the arrivals hall in sporadic batches.
As each group passed the line of foreigners, they were met by deathly silence, piercing stares, rolling eyes or deep sighs. As they reached the Americans, though, there was an explosion of cheers, applause and hooting.
Throughout my recent trip to the US, I was reminded of that country’s unwavering backing of its armed forces. Walk into Starbucks, and you’ll be asked if you want to donate instant coffee to the troops this morning. Get on a bus, and the man across from you will be sporting an ‘I support the troops in Afghanistan’ button.
Pick up a women’s magazine, and the ‘guy of the month’ will be a serving officer. And this in a country where, according to a recent Gallup/USA Today poll, 45 per cent of the population does not favour a troop surge in Afghanistan.
Here, in Pakistan, a similar outpouring of support for our army is made impossible by that institution’s longstanding entanglement with civilian politics. Writing on these pages, Shandana Khan Mohmand rightfully asked, ‘why, after all these years, are we not able to differentiate between the army’s rightful role as defenders of Pakistanis, and its wrongful role as a political force?’ In this moment, however, it’s essential that Pakistanis learn to see the difference.
In the wake of the GHQ attack, troop morale must have been compromised. In Waziristan, the jawans are ill-equipped, dealing with stiff resistance from Uzbek and TTP fighters, and toiling under the knowledge that their 3:1 ratio against the area’s militants is probably not enough to decisively win this battle. They have been described as American mercenaries and are being held responsible for the mass displacement of thousands of people. Their deaths — like those of the militants they’re battling — are becoming statistics.
It also doesn’t help that recent setbacks in Swat — after what was described as a victory over the Taliban — have clarified that there’s no such thing as a conclusive victory when it comes to counterterrorism operations. And days into the Rah-i-Nijat push, the thought of a new frontline emerging in Punjab has to be an exhausting proposition.
Under these circumstances, the army, in its role as the defender of Pakistanis, should be backed by nationwide support. Before the Waziristan operation was launched, the political leadership expressed its support of the army. Talking heads on television acknowledge that we are relying on the army to ‘save’ us. And last week, traders in Rawalpindi brandished banners supporting the army. But don’t the foot soldiers deserve more?
Ironically, Pakistan’s failure to stand by its troops in a time of war is a direct consequence of the army’s omnipresence as a political force. Any support the public has recently expressed for the army has been in its political capacity; this, in turn, has negated the public’s backing of the army in its current role as the nation’s defender.
Consider the ongoing brouhaha surrounding the Kerry-Lugar act. Though widely read as a symptom of endemic anti-Americanism, opposition to the act was also a demonstration of regard for the army as a political institution that need not be checked by the civilian government.
Instead of bolstering public and official support for the army during Rah-i-Nijat, campaigns against the act have heightened tensions between the government and army, and forced civil society to dwell on the army’s many undemocratic indiscretions at a time when we should be grateful for their sacrifices in the battlefield.
Similarly, Interior Minister Rehman Malik’s recent comment about terror attacks being orchestrated by India toes the army’s political line, but does the troops on the ground a disservice. Knee-jerk, anti-India rhetoric is the hallmark of Pakistan’s military-dominated foreign policy. But it also muddies the waters with regard to the Waziristan offensive.
If the public is to believe that India is responsible for this country’s predicament, then the ongoing operation seems misguided — an example of kowtowing to American demands while real trouble brews on the eastern border.
Headlining India also confuses the public perception of the army’s real intentions inWaziristan. After all, some might wonder, if India is the real threat, why should the army fully eradicate the strategic assets it has been cultivating all these years.
The fallout of such politicking is less support — in both figurative and real terms — for our troops at the frontlines. For example, Maulvi Sher Mohammad, the founder of an anti-Taliban Mehsud militia, recently refused to fight alongside the army in Waziristan, claiming that he did not fully trust the military’s motives.
As attacks become more audacious, Pakistanis need to stand by the troops confronting the militants head on. One of the first ways to do this is by not raising objections to the newUS defence bill, which will provide $2.3bn in the coming fiscal year. The bill requires that this money be monitored, but that’s not always a bad thing.
At the moment, the US is holding back important equipment, such as helicopters and satellite phone jamming equipment, needed to fight militants because of the Pakistan Army’s past financial lapses and history of turning a blind eye to Taliban attacks against UStroops (a consequence of its political stance).
If confident that the army is committed to countering terrorism, the US will share equipment and intelligence with Pakistan. Such resources will help the army better defend this country, and reposition Pakistan as a partner — not a client state — in the war against terror. |
The way we and our media partner, Global, have used data, particularly over the past two years, has been key for advertisers in understanding audience travel patterns on the London Underground network. From daily numbers through to the more meticulous details of those passenger movements, our data offering is unique with no other public transport network in the world utilising first-party data in this way.
We have presented our data capability to metro networks all over the world and showcased the depth of insight it provides for us on both a customer and advertiser level across our entire network.
However, it hasn’t always been this way. Our data capabilities have evolved over the past seven years.
In 2015, there was very little data available to understand audiences passing through the Tube network with limited access based purely on total daily passenger volumes and survey data.
TAPS (activity on our contactless ticketing system) 💳
Then in 2016, when the new Tube contract launched with Global (known then as Exterion Media), we saw a dramatic shift in data strategy with significant investment in utilising Oyster and Contactless payment data.
- The new capability allowed us to see the geo-demographic makeup of every single entry and exit on the network within a 15-minute increment
- Global built innovative new tools to visualise and plan targeted campaigns based on this data
- As a result, this new capability won two industry awards – MediaTel Research Awards ‘Best Use of Data’ and the Connies ‘Best Use of Connected Data’
WiFi data 📶
To understand the detail of how audiences actually flow through the network from the beginning to the end of their journeys, we further developed this capability using TfL’s connected infrastructure or, as we all know it, WiFi.
Following a pilot run to assess the technology and public opinion, we released a full report revealing how the information could be used to reduce crowding and prioritise investment.
Our Data Science team has created 3D models of every station on the network, which have then been used to define how people walk through every ticket hall, platform and corridor.
Our science team created a proposition that uses depersonalised data probes to create a flow of how passengers move through the station. This gives us and Global a unique understanding of how passengers are travelling through our stations and across the network, both historically and in near real-time.
Benefits for advertisers 👌🏽
What goes on on the Tube can’t be determined solely by entries and exits
In the last week, 50% of journeys made on the Tube involved at least one interchange. Our data offering allows clients to target audiences more efficiently throughout the course of their journey.
It offers real reach, real frequency
For any combination of frames, corridors, platforms or stations, we can identify the unique number of people that have been in those areas and the number of times they have been there. No other environment in the world has this capability – as opposed to using a model, our data on real people in the real world is sourced directly from our data.
Find more details ℹ️
Head over to Global’s website to find more info on how advertisers can take advantage of our offering.
For any questions about our data sourcing and how we use this to benefit operationally, get in touch with the team. |
An explosion Saturday should demolish the final 50 feet of the Glines Canyon Dam on the Elwha River in Olympic National Park.
The work on the dam was postponed last October because of sediment clogging the Elwha water treatment plant, which supplies the city of Port Angeles.
The park superintendent, Sarah Creachbaum, told the Peninsula Daily News a $3.8 million upgrade to the plant will enable it to handle the sediment.
The dam once stood 210 feet tall. It's being removed in a $325 million project to restore the river as salmon habitat. The 108-foot Elwha Dam came down in March 2012.
The project should be completed in September 2014. Dam-removal work can proceed while the park is shut down to visitors because the money has already been appropriated. |
- The effect of stimulation therapy and donepezil on cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. A community based RCT with a two-by-two factorial designFred Andersen
Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway
BMC Neurol 12:59. 2012..We aimed to study the effect of stimulation therapy and the additional effect of donepezil on cognitive function in early AD...
- [Lack of doctors in rural districts--situation in Northern Norway, national challenge]F Andersen
Institutt for samfunnsmedisin Universitetet i Tromsø 9037 Tromsø
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 121:2732-5. 2001..What are the differences between municipalities with stable and unstable services?..
- Recruitment methods in Alzheimer's disease research: general practice versus population based screening by mailFred Andersen
Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, N 9037 Tromsø, Norway
BMC Med Res Methodol 10:35. 2010..The aim of the study was to explore whether patient characteristics differ between study samples recruited from general practice and from a population based screening by mail within the same geographic areas in rural Northern Norway...
- Co-morbidity and drug treatment in Alzheimer's disease. A cross sectional study of participants in the dementia study in northern NorwayFred Andersen
Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, and Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Breivika, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
BMC Geriatr 11:58. 2011..The objective of this study was to compare current drug use related to co-morbidity between individuals with a recent diagnosis of AD and a cognitively healthy control group in a population based clinical trial in Northern Norway... |
Terms and definitions.
700 MHz Public/Private Partnership. The public/private partnership established for the development and operation of a nationwide, shared interoperable wireless broadband network operating on the 758-763 MHz and 788-793 MHz bands and the 763-768 MHz and 793-798 MHz bands in accordance with the Commission's rules.
Advanced wireless service (AWS).
A radiocommunication service licensed pursuant to this part for the frequency bands specified in § 27.5(h)
This term shall have the same meaning as that for “affiliate” in part 1
, § 1.2110(b)(5)
of this chapter.
Assigned frequency. The center of the frequency band assigned to a station.
Attended operation. Operation of a station by a designated person on duty at the place where the transmitting apparatus is located with the transmitter in the person's plain view.
Authorized bandwidth. The maximum width of the band of frequencies permitted to be used by a station. This is normally considered to be the necessary or occupied bandwidth, whichever is greater.
Average terrain. The average elevation of terrain between 3 and 16 kilometers from the antenna site.
Base station. A land station in the land mobile service.
Booster service area. A geographic area to be designated by an applicant for a booster station, within which the booster station shall be entitled to protection against interference as set forth in this part. The booster service area must be specified by the applicant so as not to overlap the booster service area of any other booster authorized to or proposed by the applicant. However, a booster station may provide service to receive sites outside of its booster service area, at the licensee's risk of interference. The booster station must be capable of providing substantial service within the designated booster service area.
Broadband Radio Service (BRS). A radio service using certain frequencies in the 2150-2162 and 2496-2690 MHz bands which can be used to provide fixed and mobile services, except for aeronautical services.
This term shall have the same meaning as that for “broadcasting” in section 3(6) of the Communications Act of 1934, i.e.,
“the dissemination of radio communications intended to be received by the public, directly or by the intermediary of relay stations.” 47 U.S.C. 153(6)
Commercial EBS licensee.
A licensee authorized to operate on EBS channels pursuant to the provisions of § 27.1201(c)
contained in the edition of 47 CFR parts 20
to 39, revised as of October 1, 2005, or §§ 74.990
through 74.992 contained in the edition of 47 CFR parts 70
to 79, revised as of October 1, 2004, of this chapter, and that does not meet the eligibility requirements of § 27.1201(a)
Documented complaint. A complaint that a party is suffering from non-consensual interference. A documented complaint must contain a certification that the complainant has contacted the operator of the allegedly offending facility and tried to resolve the situation prior to filing. The complaint must then specify the nature of the interference, whether the interference is constant or intermittent, when the interference began and the site(s) most likely to be causing the interference. The complaint should be accompanied by a videotape or other evidence showing the effects of the interference. The complaint must contain a motion for a temporary order to have the interfering station cease transmitting. The complaint must be filed with the Secretary's office and served on the allegedly offending party.
Educational Broadband Service (EBS). A fixed or mobile service, the licensees of which are educational institutions or non-profit educational organizations, and intended primarily for video, data, or voice transmissions of instructional, cultural, and other types of educational material to one or more receiving locations.
Effective Radiated Power (ERP) (in a given direction). The product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half-wave dipole in a given direction.
Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP). The product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain in a given direction relative to an isotropic antenna.
Fixed service. A radio communication service between specified fixed points.
Fixed station. A station in the fixed service.
Land mobile service. A mobile service between base stations and land mobile stations, or between land mobile stations.
Land mobile station. A mobile station in the land mobile service capable of surface movement within the geographic limits of a country or continent.
Land station. A station in the mobile service not intended to be used while in motion.
Lower Band Segment (LBS). Segment of the BRS/EBS band consisting of channels in the frequencies 2496-2572 MHz.
Middle Band Segment (MBS). Segment of the BRS/EBS band consisting of channels in the frequencies 2572-2614 MHz.
Mobile service. A radio communication service between mobile and land stations, or between mobile stations.
Mobile station. A station in the mobile service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points.
National Geodetic Reference System (NGRS). The name given to all geodetic control data contained in the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) data base. (Source: National Geodetic Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce)
Network Assets Holder. The Network Assets Holder is a Special Purpose Bankruptcy Remote Entity that is formed to hold the assets of the shared wireless broadband network associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnership, in accordance with the terms of the Network Sharing Agreement, such other agreements as the Commission may require or allow, and the Commission's rules.
Network Sharing Agreement (NSA). An agreement entered into between the winning bidder, the Upper 700 MHz D Block licensee, the Network Assets Holder, the Operating Company, the Public Safety Broadband Licensee, and any other related entities that the Commission may require or allow regarding the shared wireless broadband network associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnership that will operate on the 758-763 MHz and 788-793 MHz bands and the 763-768 MHz and 793-798 MHz bands.
Operating Company. The Operating Company is a Special Purpose Bankruptcy Remote Entity that is formed to build and operate the shared wireless broadband network associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnership, in accordance with the terms of the Network Sharing Agreement, such other agreements as the Commission may require or allow, and the Commission's rules.
Point-to-point Broadband station. A Broadband station that transmits a highly directional signal from a fixed transmitter location to a fixed receive location.
Portable device. Transmitters designed to be used within 20 centimeters of the body of the user.
Public Safety Broadband License. The Public Safety Broadband License authorizes public safety broadband services in the 763-768 MHz and 793-798 MHz bands.
Public Safety Broadband Licensee. The licensee of the Public Safety Broadband License in the 763-768 MHz and 793-798 MHz bands.
Radiodetermination. The determination of the position, velocity and/or other characteristics of an object, or the obtaining of information relating to these parameters, by means of the propagation properties of radio waves.
Radiolocation. Radiodetermination used for purposes other than those of radionavigation.
Radiolocation land station. A station in the radiolocation service not intended to be used while in motion.
Radiolocation mobile station. A station intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points.
Radionavigation. Radiodetermination used for the purpose of navigation, including obstruction warning.
Remote control. Operation of a station by a designated person at a control position from which the transmitter is not visible but where suitable control and telemetering circuits are provided which allow the performance of the essential functions that could be performed at the transmitter.
Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (satellite DARS). A radiocommunication service in which compact disc quality programming is digitally transmitted by one or more space stations.
Sectorization. The use of an antenna system at any broadband station, booster station and/or response station hub that is capable of simultaneously transmitting multiple signals over the same frequencies to different portions of the service area and/or simultaneously receiving multiple signals over the same frequencies from different portions of the service area.
Shared Wireless Broadband Network. Wireless broadband network associated with the 700 MHz Band Public/Private Partnership that operates on the 758-763 MHz and 788-793 MHz bands and the 763-768 MHz and 793-798 MHz bands pursuant to the terms of the Network Sharing Agreement, such other agreements as the Commission may require or allow, and the Commission's rules.
Special Purpose Bankruptcy Remote Entity. A “special purpose entity” is a legal entity created for a special limited purpose, in this context primarily to hold the Upper 700 MHz D Block license or the network assets, or to conduct the construction or operation of the shared wireless broadband network associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnership. A special purpose entity is “bankruptcy remote” if that entity is unlikely to become insolvent as a result of its own activities, is adequately insulated from the consequences of a related party's insolvency, and contains certain characteristics which enhance the likelihood that it will not become the subject of an insolvency proceeding.
Studio to transmitter link (STL). A directional path used to transmit a signal from a station's studio to its transmitter.
Temporary fixed broadband station. A broadband station used for the transmission of material from temporary unspecified points to a broadband station.
Time division multiple access (TDMA). A multiple access technique whereby users share a transmission medium by being assigned and using (one-at-a-time) for a limited number of time division mulitplexed channels; implies that several transmitters use one channel for sending several bit streams.
Time division multiplexing (TDM). A multiplexing technique whereby two or more channels are derived from a transmission medium by dividing access to the medium into sequential intervals. Each channel has access to the entire bandwidth of the medium during its interval. This implies that one transmitter uses one channel to send several bit streams of information.
Unattended operation. Operation of a station by automatic means whereby the transmitter is turned on and off and performs its functions without attention by a designated person.
Universal Licensing System. The Universal Licensing System (ULS) is the consolidated database, application filing system, and processing system for all Wireless Radio Services. ULS supports electronic filing of all applications and related documents by applicants and licensees in the Wireless Radio Services, and provides public access to licensing information.
Upper 700 MHz D Block license. The Upper 700 MHz D Block license is the nationwide license associated with the 758-763 MHz and 788-793 MHz bands.
Upper 700 MHz D Block licensee. The Special Purpose Bankruptcy Remote Entity to which the Upper 700 MHz D Block license must be transferred upon execution of the Network Sharing Agreement. References herein to the rights and obligations of the Upper 700 MHz D Block licensee include the exercise or discharge of such rights or obligations, respectively, by related entities as are provided for in the NSA or otherwise as authorized by the Commission.
Upper Band Segment (UBS). Segment of the BRS/EBS band consisting of channels in the frequencies 2614-2690 MHz
Wireless communications service.
A radiocommunication service licensed pursuant to this part for the frequency bands specified in § 27.5
[62 FR 9658
, Mar. 3, 1997, as amended at 62 FR 16497
, Apr. 7, 1997; 63 FR 68954
, Dec. 14, 1998; 65 FR 3145
, Jan. 20, 2000; 65 FR 17602
, Apr. 4, 2000; 67 FR 41854
, June 20, 2002; 68 FR 66286
, Nov. 25, 2003; 69 FR 5714
, Feb. 6, 2004; 69 FR 72031
, Dec. 10, 2004; 71 FR 35189
, June 19, 2006; 72 FR 27709
, May 16, 2007; 72 FR 48843
, Aug. 24, 2007] |
|Origin:||defendre, from Latin defendere, from fendere 'to hit'|
de‧fend S3 W3
1 [intransitive and transitive]
to do something in order to protect someone or something from being attacked:
a struggle to defend our homeland
defend something against/from something
the need to defend democracy against fascism
defend yourself (against/from somebody/something)
advice on how women can defend themselves from sex attackers
We need to defend against military aggression.
to use arguments to protect something or someone from criticism, or to prove that something is right:
She was always defending her husband in front of their daughter.
Students should be ready to explain and defend their views.
defend somebody against/from somebody/something
He defended his wife against rumours and allegations.
Cooper wrote to the journal immediately, defending himself.
to do something in order to stop something from being taken away or in order to make it possible for something to continue:
the workers' attempts to defend their interests
We are defending the right to demonstrate.
4 [intransitive and transitive]DS
to protect your own team's end of the field in a game such as football, in order to prevent your opponents from getting points:
Bournemouth defended well throughout the game.
to take part in a competition that you won the last time it was held, and try to win it again:
The world champion was defending his title.
He is defending a Labour majority of 5,000.
6 [intransitive and transitive]SCL
to be a lawyer for someone who has been charged with a crime [↪ prosecute]:
He had top lawyers to defend him.
Howard, defending, said Thompson had been drinking heavily. |
American Latin on DVD
learntodance.com site map
|Latin American dancing has become
very popular. Dances like the Salsa, Cha-Cha
and Rumba are being danced in Latin night clubs
around the world. Latin dancing is also split into 2 major styles,
American and International. The difference between the two styles is in
music speed, which results in a slightly different action. Bolero and Mambo
are unique to the American style. Check our free
online Latin lessons.
Additional titles are being released all the time, so check back soon.
All orders are confirmed: Most titles are in stock and ready to ship, we use a 100% safe verasign approved shopping cart and merchant services and we gather and sell NO information to 3rd parties. To order by phone call 1.800.440.2095 between the hours of 9am and 9pm. Central Time Zone. |
(b) "Assistive device dealer" means a person who is in the business of selling assistive devices.
(c) "Assistive device lessor" means a person who leases an assistive device to a consumer, or who holds the lessor's rights, under a written lease.
(d) "Collateral costs" means expenses incurred by a consumer in connection with the repair of a nonconformity, including the costs of obtaining an alternative assistive device.
(e) "Consumer" means any of the following:
(1) The purchaser of an assistive device, if the assistive device was purchased from an assistive device dealer or manufacturer for purposes other than resale;
(2) A person to whom the assistive device is transferred for purposes other than resale, if the transfer occurs before the expiration of an express warranty applicable to the assistive device;
(3) A person who may enforce the warranty; and
(4) A person who leases an assistive device from an assistive device lessor under a written lease.
(f) "Current value of the written lease" means the total amount for which that lease obligates the consumer during the period of the lease remaining after its early termination, plus the assistive device dealer's early termination costs and the value of the assistive device at the lease expiration date if the lease sets forth that value, less the assistive device lessor's early termination savings.
(g) "Demonstrator" means an assistive device used primarily for the purpose of demonstration to the public.
(h) "Early termination cost" means any expense or obligation that an assistive device lessor incurs as a result of both the termination of a written lease before the termination date set forth in that lease and the return of an assistive device to a manufacturer pursuant to this section. Early termination cost includes a penalty for prepayment under finance arrangement.
(i) "Early termination saving" means any expense or obligation that an assistive device lessor avoids as a result of both the termination of a written lease before that termination date set forth in that lease and the return of an assistive device to a manufacturer pursuant to this section. Early termination saving includes an interest charge that the assistive device lessor would have paid to finance the assistive device or, if the assistive device lessor does not finance the assistive device, the difference between the total amount for which the lease obligates the consumer during the period of the lease term remaining after the early termination and the present value of that amount at the date of the early termination.
(j) "Manufacturer" means a person who manufactures or assembles assistive devices and agents of that person, including an importer, a distributor, factory branch, distributor branch and any warrantor of the manufacturer's assistive device, but does not include an assistive device dealer.
(k) "Nonconformity" means a condition or defect that substantially impairs the use, value or safety of an assistive device and is covered by a warranty applicable to the assistive device or to a component of the assistive device.
(l) "Reasonable allowance for use" means an amount obtained by multiplying the total amount for which the lease obligates the consumer by a fraction, the denominator of which is one thousand eight hundred twenty-five and the numerator of which is the number of days that the consumer used the assistive device before first reporting the nonconformity to the manufacturer, assistive device lessor or assistive device dealer.
(m) "Reasonable attempt to repair" means within the terms of a warranty applicable to a new assistive device:
(1) A nonconformity within the manufacturer's warranty continues after three attempts at repair by the manufacturer, assistive device lessor, or any of the manufacturer's authorized assistive device dealers; or
(2) The assistive device is out of service for thirty cumulative days because of warranty nonconformity.
Note: WV Code updated with legislation passed through the 2013 1st Special Session
The WV Code Online is an unofficial copy of the annotated WV Code, provided as a convenience. It has NOT been edited for publication, and is not in any way official or authoritative. |
Genre Types Teacher Resources
Find Genre Types educational ideas and activities
Showing 81 - 100 of 845 resources
In this online interactive reading comprehension worksheet, students respond to 15 multiple choice questions about John Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman. Students may submit their answers to be scored.
Longfellow's "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere" are featured in this lesson. Slides provide information about the genre of poetry, sequencing, and graphic organizers. Seven words from the poem are defined and 17 guided reading questions based on the poem are included as well. The presentation ends with 10 sentences that require grammatical corrections from learners.
What is theme? How do you figure out the theme of a story? How is the theme developed? How is the theme expressed? These and other questions are answered by a presentation that not only defines the term but also provides easy to understand examples. The presentation ends with a practice exercise.
Students investigate researching techniques by exploring their library. In this literature references lesson, students identify the different types and genres of books that are readily available at their local library as well as proper behavior. Students read random library books in small groups and summarize them in one sentence each.
In this literature worksheet, students find the terms that are related to identifying different types of genres. The answers are found by clicking the button at the bottom of the page.
Sixth graders discover the exploration of the United States by participating in a class activity. In this U.S. History lesson, 6th graders research the Lewis and Clark expedition and participate in a game of Jeopardy based on the two men. Students collaborate as teams in order to compete in the Jeopardy game.
Students work in cooperative groups to read a book in a day. Each group is assigned a portion of the book to read and uses the jigsaw learning strategy to review the book as a whole class.
Upper elementary and middle school learners study Manga cartooning and create a Japanese character based on their own features and personalities. This style of cartooning is easily-accessible for most students. With a little practice, young artists should be able to come up with some terrific results.
Students demonstrate what they know about the underground railroad by comparing, contrasting, and answering question in a discussion format.
Students design a webquest requiring higher order thinking and providing students with opportunities to reflect on their learning. They include an assessment tool to evaluate the process and product.
Eighth graders imagine they are getting ready to "take off." They may imagine themselves in any type of aircraft or spaceship. They may then sketch themselves as passengers anticipating this moment.
A Venn diagram is a great tool. Middle schoolers research specific authors from different time periods, cultures, and genres. In groups, they create a Venn Diagram in order to compare and contrast two pieces of literature by the same author. They must use excerpts from the text to support their claims.
High schoolers read poems about Tuberculosis by John Keats. Using the poems, they identify similies, metaphors, personification and imagery. In groups, they make connections about the author's outlook on life and how his disease impacted his philosophy.
Students listen to the story "Art Lesson" by Tomie dePaola, and discuss the importance of reaching for their dreams. They then use an "I Can Draw" book to help aid their drawing. Finally, they use Kidspiration to list what they learned about art and drawing.
Students examine the literary elements of fairy tales. After reading the fairy tale "Rapunzel" and discussing the elements of fairy tales that occur as they read, they use a story web to help plan and create an original fairy tale. Students present their fairy tale to the class in the form of a PowerPoint presentation.
Pupils engage in a lesson that is concerned with the genre of Film Noir. They conduct research looking for the visual style, setting, morality, outlook, and character elements. They find the answer to the events that led to the emergence of the genre.
In this literary terms word search worksheet, students locate 20 words from a word bank that is located at the bottom of the page. They find words such as metaphor, genre, and simile.
In this book log worksheet, students use this graphic organizer to record details of the books they are reading. Students record the title, author, genre, and pages read.
For this "book club" worksheet, students complete a sheet on a book they bring to the "book club." Students fill in basic information about the book, then information about characters, scenes, genre, etc. |
The Mythology of Horses: Horse Legend and Lore throughout the Ages
By Gerald and Loretta Hausman
An extraordinary collection of myths and facts about horses, their honored place in human history, and the mystique that has surrounded them in cultures around the globe. Horses have always held a mystical sway over the human imagination; no other creature has inspired the same reverence or cross-cultural fascination. The Mythology of Horses offers a comprehensive look at horse breeds around the world, exploring their heritage, physical attributes, and place in human society, as well as the folklore, popular mythology, and true stories surrounding each breed. |
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Red-meat lovers may have a greater likelihood of developing certain cancers of the throat and stomach than people who limit their intake of steaks and hamburgers, a new study suggests.
Researchers found that among nearly 500,000 older U.S. adults followed for a decade, only a small number developed cancers of the esophagus or stomach. However, the risks were relatively greater among those who ate a lot of red meat, or certain compounds generated from cooking meat.
Overall, study participants in the top 20 percent for red-meat intake were 79 percent more likely than those in the bottom 20 percent to develop esophageal squamous cell carcinoma -- a cancer that arises in the lining of the upper part of the esophagus.
Meanwhile, the risk of a type of cancer in the upper portion of the stomach near the esophagus (gastric cardia) was elevated among men and women with the highest estimated intake of one form of heterocyclic amine (HCA). HCAs are compounds that form when meat is cooked using high-temperature methods, such as grilling over an open flame; they have been found to cause cancer in lab animals.
The findings, reported in the American Journal of Gastroenterology, do not prove that red meat promotes the two cancers, the researchers emphasize.
But the results add to what has been an uncertain body of evidence on the link between red meat and esophageal and stomach cancers.
A 2007 research review by the World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research, both non-profit groups, concluded that red and processed meats were associated with a "limited suggestive increased risk" of esophageal cancer.
The report also said there was a similar level of evidence for a link between processed meats and stomach cancer, and insufficient data on whether red meat intake is connected to the cancer at all.
However, most of the studies considered in the report were so-called case-control studies, where researchers ask patients with a given disease about their past lifestyle habits and other health factors, then compare them to a group of healthy individuals.
That type of study design can offer only limited evidence about whether a particular exposure -- like red meat in the diet -- is related to a disease risk, explained Dr. Amanda J. Cross, a researcher at the U.S. National Cancer Institute who led the new study.
Studies with prospective designs, which follow initially healthy people over time, provide stronger evidence.
In addition, most earlier research did not look at meat intake and different subtypes of esophageal and stomach cancers. That is important, Cross told Reuters Health, because the different subtypes seem to have different risk factors.
So for their study, Cross and her colleagues prospectively followed 494,979 U.S. adults ages 50 to 71 over roughly 10 years. At the outset, participants completed detailed questionnaires on their diets -- including the methods they typically used for cooking meat, and the usual level of "doneness" they preferred -- as well as other lifestyle factors.
Over the next decade, 215 study participants developed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; that included 28 cases among the bottom 20 percent for red-meat intake, and 69 cases in the top 20 percent.
Another 454 men and women were diagnosed with gastric cardia cancer. There were 57 cases among participants with the lowest red-meat intake, and 113 in the group with the highest intake.
When the researchers accounted for other factors -- like age, weight, smoking and reported exercise habits -- participants who ate the most red meat were 79 percent more likely than those with the lowest intake to develop squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
Red meat itself was not associated with gastric cardia cancer. But for one type of HCA, known as DiMelQx, men and women in the top 20 percent for intake had a 44 percent higher risk of gastric cardia cancer than those in the bottom 20 percent.
Red meat was not clearly linked to esophageal adenocarcinoma -- a cancer that arises in glandular cells in the lower esophagus, and is the more common form seen in the U.S. -- or to cancers in other parts of the stomach (non-cardia stomach cancers).
The different findings for different cancer subtypes are "not hugely surprising," Cross said, since they may differ in their underlying causes. She noted, for instance, that smoking and heavy drinking appear to be stronger risk factors for esophageal squamous cell cancer compared with adenocarcinoma, while obesity seems to be a greater factor in adenocarcinoma risk.
It is somewhat surprising, Cross said, that none of the HCA compounds the researchers assessed was related to esophageal squamous cell cancer, even though red-meat intake was. It is thought that, if red meat does contribute to the cancer, HCA exposure would be one reason why.
The bottom line, Cross said, is that further large, prospective studies are needed to see whether the relationship between red meat and the two cancers is real. She pointed out, though, that many health authorities already recommend that people limit their consumption of red and processed meats for the sake of their overall health.
The American Cancer Society estimates that about 21,000 cases of stomach cancer and 16,640 cases of esophageal cancer will be diagnosed in 2010.
SOURCE: http://link.reuters.com/vuv93q American Journal of Gastroenterology, online October 26, 2010.
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Based on 1 billion friends
Times $5 each, then
Times the IPO multiple, 20.
Facebook filed its Form S-1, announcing its intention to make an initial public offering of stock in the near future; millions paused their Farmville games long enough to glean some hitherto unpublished "fun facts" about the social network, which is 28% owned by its founder, Mark Zuckerberg. Soon to be traded under the ticker symbol "FB", Facebook had 2011 revenue of $3.7 billion, a 47% operating margin and a cash balance of $3 billion. The company's social impact has been much greater, according to The Wall Street Journal:
In just eight years, Facebook has become the world's social bazaar, where friends gossip, play games and swap 250 million photos per day. It has also emerged as a potent political tool, helping to topple regimes across the Middle East last year.Of course, there are skeptics, many of whom made their snarkiness felt on Twitter. Josh Brown, aka @ReformedBroker, suggested this risk disclosure: "Our business model may prove unsustainable if people realize how little time on earth they actually have." As for the IPO's $100 billion valuation, Wharton economist @JustinWolfers offers this formula: "Facebook valuation for dummies. 1 billion users. FB earns $5/year serving ads to each. NPV = annual profit x20. =$100b!" As they say, good ideas were meant to be stolen (thank you, Justin)! |
LINGUIST List 21.2384|
Fri May 28 2010
FYI: New Corpus of L2 Spanish Available
Editor for this issue: Rachelle Felzien
To post to LINGUIST, use our convenient web form at http://linguistlist.org/LL/posttolinguist.cfm.
New Corpus of L2 Spanish Available
Message 1: New Corpus of L2 Spanish Available
From: Laura Dominguez <ldosoton.ac.uk>
Subject: New Corpus of L2 Spanish Available
E-mail this message to a friend
We are happy to report the completion of a new corpus of oral Spanish as
second language. This new data set (300 soundfiles and 128,178 words) is
part of the existing Spanish Learner Language Oral Corpora (SPLLOC) project
(www.splloc.soton.ac.uk) and was collected by researchers in Southampton,
Newcastle and Greenwich (UK) to investigate the emergence and development of
Spanish past tense forms by native speakers of English.
The second-language oral Spanish data have been collected from classroom
learners in schools and universities in England using four specially
designed tasks to explore learners' developing ability to describe past
events: one free narrative, one controlled narrative, one picture
description task to elicit progressive events, and one guided interview.
The participants are 60 English speakers learning Spanish at each of 3
levels: beginners (aged 14-15), intermediate (aged 17-18), and advanced
students (fourth year undergraduates aged 20-21 majoring in Spanish).
Fifteen native speakers were also recorded undertaking the same tasks.
The sound files generated were transcribed using CHILDES software
(http://childes.psy.cmu.edu) and morpho-syntactically analysed using the
Spanish MOR and POST programs. All 300 digital soundfiles, CHAT
transcriptions, part-of-speech tagged files, and XML versions of the CHAT
transcripts are now freely available in anonymised form through the project
website (www.splloc.soton.ac.uk) and Talkbank (www.talkbank.org) for use in
research and teaching.
Please visit http://www.splloc.soton.ac.uk for further details.
The SPLLOC project is funded by two ESRC research grant awards
(RES-000-23-1609 and RES-062-23-1075).
Linguistic Field(s): Applied Linguistics
Subject Language(s): English (eng)
Read more issues|LINGUIST home page|Top of issue
Page Updated: 28-May-2010
While the LINGUIST List makes every effort to ensure the linguistic relevance of sites listed
on its pages, it cannot vouch for their contents. |
Title: Discourse and Context
Subtitle: A Sociocognitive Approach
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Author: Teun A. Van Dijk
Paperback: ISBN: 9780521130301 Pages: Price: U.K. £ 21.99
Paperback: ISBN: 9780521130301 Pages: Price: U.S. $ 39.99
How do social situations influence language use, discourse and conversation? This book is a monograph which presents a multidisciplinary theory of context and the way context influences language use and discourse. Unlike in earlier approaches, contexts are not defined as objective social 'variables', such as gender or age. Rather, they are constructs of the participants themselves, that is, 'subjective definitions of the communicative situation' that are made explicit in the sociocognitive notion of context models. These models dynamically control all language use, make sure that discourses are appropriate in the communicative situation and hence are the basis of pragmatics. In this book, context models are studied especially from a (socio) linguistic and cognitive perspective. In another book published by Cambridge University Press, Society and Discourse, Teun A. van Dijk develops the social psychological, sociological and anthropological dimensions of the theory of context.
Preface; Acknowledgements; 1. Towards a theory of context; 2. Context and language; 3. Context and cognition; 4. Context and discourse; 5. Conclusions; References; Subject index; Author index. |
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Help determine the required minimum distribution from an IRA or other qualified retirement plan.
This calculator shows how inflation over the years has impacted purchasing power.
A presentation about managing money: using it, saving it, and even getting credit.
The chances of needing long-term care, its cost, and strategies for covering that cost.
The importance of life insurance, how it works, and how much coverage you need.
There are some key concepts to understand when investing for retirement
A number of questions and concerns need to be addressed to help you better prepare for retirement living.
Principles that can help create a portfolio designed to pursue investment goals.
Do you know how long it may take for your investments to double in value? The Rule of 72 is a quick way to figure it out.
Why are 401(k) plans, annuities, and IRAs so popular?
Learn how to harness the power of compound interest for your investments.
Do you have causes that you want to support with donations? Here are three tips.
Are you ready for retirement? Here are five words you should consider.
Have you explored all of your choices when it comes to managing your taxable income? |
Bio not provided
@merusdraconis Patrick is correct,and you don't know what you're talking about. If consumers feel the surge pricing is too high,they'll choose not to use the service. To call it a ripoff is total nonsense. Considering the overwhelmingly positive response to Uber in other cities,consumers don't consider the surge pricing excessive.
The unethical and unconstitiutional government-protected taxi cartel is the one ripping off consumers. They've been able to keep their racket running by lobbying(paying off)corrupt politicians. Not only are consumers cheated,but so are people who dream of owning their taxi but are denied their right to go into business for themselves by a corrupt government.
Abolish all taxi medallions and let the consumer decide how many taxis a city should have. That's the way a free country is supposed to act.
1 year, 9 months ago on Who’s the real bully, Uber or New York? |
We Americans love our automobiles. Commuting to work, carpooling with the soccer team, driving to the mall; many of us spend more than three hours a day in the car. Others ride the subway or bus, hop on a bicycle to save gas, or walk for fitness and fun. However we get there, a spell of protection for travel can help us arrive in safety, and return swiftly home again.
Travelers throughout history have used spells and magically charged items to guard and guide their vehicles. The nomadic Romani people of Europe (also called Rom or Gypsies) created ornate talismans to protect their wagons. These power objects are still used today in modern automobiles. Native Americans of the Great Plains drew sigils on their horses, not only to identify which mount belonged to which hunter, but also for magical purposes. The ancient Mesopotamians and Greeks painted eyes on the prows of their boats, to help the vessel “see” where it was going. The tribes of Siberia wove beautiful rugs decorated with silver ornaments to cushion their saddles, and also to keep their horses from spiritual and physical harm. Originally, a mermaid or sea nymph figurehead was more than just a decoration for a ship—she protected the sailors from storms and sea monsters. Rituals such as “Christening” a ship, or naming an aircraft after a significant person, may have roots in the tradition of calling on a specific entity to ask for magical aid.
Deities of many pantheons are aligned with transportation: Apollo with his chariot of the sun, Rhiannon or Epona astride her mystical horse, Neptune in his craft drawn by dolphins, Mercury speeding to carry messages on winged heels, Odin astride his eight-legged steed. Until recently, St. Christopher was the patron saint of travel in the Catholic tradition. Many people still carry a St. Christopher’s medal for protection. Hercules, King Arthur, Jason, Rama, Isis, Vainamoinen, and Gilgamesh are associated with mythic quests. The Element most connected with transportation is Air, the Archangel attributed to movement is Raphael, and the Astrological ninth house represents travel. Animals related to an excursion include the horse (of course!) but also donkeys. llamas, elephants and camels; birds—especially wild geese and swallows; fish or sea mammals, particularly salmon and dolphins; and dogs including greyhounds, hunting hounds and the pack animals of Native American Indians. Totemic beasts associated with spiritual journeys include the eagle, wren, or sparrow; black or white dogs often thought to bring messages from the Otherworld; the white deer with seven antler points; the Celtic salmon of wisdom; and mystical steeds including the unicorn or Pegasus.
Real witches may not ride broomsticks, but we often perform traveler’s spells before getting behind the wheel of a car. If your family has a teenager who is learning to drive, an elder who loves to attend bingo games after dark, or if you must commute to your job on busy city streets, you might wish to perform your own protective ritual for your vehicle. Even if you only jump in the car once a week to go to the grocery store, a talisman hanging from your rear-view mirror can be beneficial. Our family wouldn’t dream of driving anywhere without saying a little prayer, doing a quick magical rite, and checking to make sure the “car charm” is in place. This small ritual may have saved my husband’s life.
We live in a sparsely populated area, and we discovered that we needed to do a protection spell after a herd of deer bounced into our brand new minivan’s front fenders. So for every Pagan holiday gathering and Sabbat celebration, we dutifully created an amulet for each car. I’m very glad we did. My husband Dave must drive to work on a dark, scary, lonesome country road at three o’clock in the morning. During a thunderstorm with raging sixty mile-per-hour winds, a huge maple tree swayed, cracked, and fell. Right on top of Dave’s pickup truck. Yes, it actually fell onto the vehicle as he was driving it! The tree trunk crushed the entire hood. Its impact mangled the engine and flattened the tires, as one thick branch shattered the windshield. My husband walked away from the crash with only scratches. Afterward, our protective talisman looked as though it’d been burnt to a crisp. But it worked.
Magical adepts will remind us that incidents which we perceive as “bad” might actually be a learning experience, Karma, or a warning to heed the voice of the Universe. We can’t always prevent every single problem with magic. Yet often we can minimize the severity of a catastrophe such as a car accident. Performing rituals, creating talismans, carrying power objects, casting spells, and saying prayers can grant us the capability of protecting ourselves from serious harm. My husband’s truck was wrecked, but Dave lived to tell about it. That’s good enough for me!
Llewellyn authors have published numerous books that can help a seeker to understand the magical process, such as Donald Michael Kraig’s Modern Magic. This reference helps explain the “nuts and bolts” of a magical working. Further reading about a specific magical tradition, such as Wicca, Druidry, or Shamanism, may help you to perfect your technique. Once you know the basics, my simple eclectic rituals and spells for travel protection can be done by anyone, from a beginner to an adept. They can be adapted to a coven or group, or performed by a solitary Witch.
Many Americans give their vehicle a name, decorate its interior, and plaster the trunk with clever bumper stickers. Witchy folks can go one step further, and consecrate a car just as we would any other tool for magical use. You can perform a spiritual rite for your transportation, casting a Circle or creating sacred space around it. Acknowledge the directions, Elements, spirits, totems, and other entities related to travel, or call on your own personal deities and request their assistance. Ask your Guides to help protect you, to keep your vehicle safe from harm, and request that all its mechanical components work properly.
Summon power for a purification ritual, especially if the vehicle has been pre-owned. Smudge your car with sage and aspurge it with clear water, just the same as you would for your home or workspace. Or wait until you’re at the carwash, and perform a cleansing rite during the rinse cycle. If you follow a shamanic path, drum around your automobile, and burn a pinch of cedar in the ashtray. Wiccans might bless the car with ritual implements related to the Elements, such as a splash of water for West or a candle to represent Fire. (Caution: Be very careful with lit candles, incense, or smudge sticks around vehicles. Upholstery can be flammable.)
You may wish to give your car a magical moniker, such as “Sleipnir” for Odin’s horse, or “Speedwell” like the New England ship. Anoint it with essential oils, such as frankincense, sandalwood, or heliotrope. Some Celts and Norsemen toast their pickup trucks with mead or ale. Other Witches even go so far as to paint magical sigils onto the car body or dashboard. If this isn’t workable, you can use oils, holy water infused with herbs, or even washable markers to inscribe a blessing on your automobile.
You can adapt this ritual to other forms of transportation. Traditionally, a bottle of wine has been used to bless and consecrate a boat before “her” maiden voyage, granting it a female name. Innuit folks washed their dogsleds with snow, which also can be done to a snowmobile. Some rural Pagans even ritually protect their farm tractors.
A Talisman for Travel:
You may wish to perform this ceremony on a Wednesday during the waxing moon, or check Llewellyn’s many reference books on planetary alignments to help you find the most favorable time. Cast a circle or otherwise create a protected space, such as drumming away any harmful energies and calling the ancestor spirits by shaking a rattle.
Using yellow fabric, make a “mojo bag” by placing a few power objects on the material, then drawing it up around the items, and fastening it with red ribbon or yarn. Yellow is the color of sunshine, air, and travel, and red is the color of defense. (If you use other colors in your tradition, that’s fine—this is your personal charm!)
Plants and herbs related to journeys and protection include acorns; ash leaves; the seeds of “traveling” plants such as maples, milkweed, thistles, catalpa trees, or dandelions; ivy; rue; birch bark; and pine pitch. Stones and metals associated with transportation include turquoise, periodot, jasper, iron, copper, lodestone or magnetite, and flint. Especially potent is an arrowhead, which doesn’t have to be ancient—they’re available at many museums, Pow-Wows, trading posts and reenactments. Bird feathers work well for a transportation rite, especially those from cardinals or seagulls, but if you can’t find a wild bird feather, use any yellow, red or white feather purchased from a craft store. Horse hair, soil gathered from a favorite vacation spot, a piece of deer antler, or other power objects with personal magical significance may be used as well.
You can write a phrase such as “guard this truck and all who ride within”, on parchment or colored paper, using a magical alphabet such as Theban or Hebrew. Or use a Rune, planetary sigil or other protective inscription. Fold up the paper and place it within your talisman, or tuck it behind the sun visor. Magical sigils can be drawn in clay and baked, or carved or burned into a wooden disc. The Magician’s Companion by Bill Whitcomb has hundreds of magical correspondences. Find the symbols representing travel and protection that best speak to you.
Next, magically “charge” your talisman with energy. Call upon your Guides. Anoint your power objects with essential oil. Drum, dance, sing, braid the yarn for the mojo bag’s tie, light a candle, or perform any other ritual that raises energy. Use a chant such as “Goddess Isis protect me, Lord Apollo ride with me, as my will so mote it be.” (I’m sure you can come up with something much better! See “Words of Power”, below.) Or read the Dr. Suess rhyme I used for the title of this article. Any repetitive chant which affirms your intent, creates a magical state, and is respectful to the Unseen World will help to charge an object with power. Don’t forget to thank and dismiss any entities you’ve summoned in your ritual.
Place your talisman in the sunlight for a day or two, then hang it from your rearview mirror, hide it away in the glove box, or tie it to your gearshift. This rite can also be adapted to a bicycle, riding lawnmower, boat, or any other vehicle. When your charm begins to look ragged, or if you perceive that its energy is wearing out, it’s time for a new one. Some Witches make a new talisman for each Sabbat holiday or full moon.
Any of Llewellyn’s magical encyclopedias, such as Cunningham's Encyclopedia of Crystal, Gem & Metal Magic, can provide you with appropriate correspondences for specific workings. Silver’s Spells for Protection by Silver RavenWolf provides a few car spells, and is good for constructing an overall protective ritual. Sons of the Goddess by Christopher Penczak has a great spell for transportation, geared toward young men.
Words of Power:
Magical speech can include summoning the aspect of deity associated with transportation, chanting, or singing a song that Witches use to invoke power. Any tune about travel, such as “Happy Trails to You,” “Magical Mystery Tour,” “On the Road Again,” or the cute theme song from the animated movie about cars, will work just fine. Keep your mind focused on protecting your vehicle from harm. The intent is what matters, whether you sing a pop song or create your very own car chant.
One pre-travel ceremony utilizes words of power, combined with acknowledging the directions, gestures, visualization and other magical techniques. Standing at the front of your vehicle, raise your right hand. Using just your index and pinky fingers, make the “horns of Cernunnos” and draw a Pentagram (or other sacred symbol) in the air. Walking clockwise around the car, inscribe the sigil at each cardinal direction, or on each side of the vehicle. As you move, speak your words of power.
Each time our family takes a trip uptown, we recite a prayer to the Gods for a safe journey. You may not need such an elaborate ritual, but after so many close encounters with trees and deer, we’re not taking any chances!
Dave’s Car Spell:
Front: May this vehicle be protected from all harmful magical energies, or any other malevolent influences.
Passenger Side: May it only have positive encounters with man, nature, their creation or the authorities.
Back: May it run properly and well, and maintain itself in good working condition.
Driver Side: May it remain in one piece until it returns onto this spot (or until it returns home) to rest for the night.
So Mote It Be, and Thank You!
This rite is limited only by your own level of comfort (chanting and gesturing might attract unwanted attention in the supermarket parking lot). If privacy is at a premium, do your ritual while sitting inside the car. Speak quietly, and make the symbolic motions below window level.
Some traveling Witches visualize the Goddess “riding shotgun” with them in the front seat, or picture the Wild Hunt running ahead of the car, scaring away any harmful entities. You might envision a shimmering light surrounding your vehicle, or a cone of power protecting you from all negative influences.
These ceremonies can be adapted to other vehicles, or even a journey on foot. In fact, the magical beings associated with the natural environment might especially favor travelers who use non-polluting forms of transportation. For more information on ecologically-friendly practices, read Ecoshamanism.
Ethics: Our Guides, the spirits, elementals and deities, give us boundaries to live within. So does the law of the land. Carrying a talisman in your car, or chanting an invocation for divine protection, does not mean we can break the speed limit or run the red light. Nor can we throw caution to the winds. My priestess friend calls such actions “Fishing for Karma.” We still must wear our seat belts, check for oncoming traffic, and periodically change the oil. Remember to “act in accord” with your magic.
Now that you’re ready to roll, have a safe and wonderful journey! |
Find books in the Library of Congress Collections by 200 authors who served in the Peace Corps.
Download the bibliography (PDF, 579KB)
Larson, Charles R. (Nigeria, 1962–64).
The Insect Colony: A Novel. 1st ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/78004701
Publisher’s summary: “Set in West Africa at the end of the 1960s and across the border from the war in Biafra, this is an arresting novel of sexual obsession, self-deception, and self-discovery.”
The Ordeal of the African Writer. London; New York: Zed Books, 2001. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/00043476
Publisher’s description: “This book demonstrates how only a small number of African writers—like Chinua Achebe, Ben Okri, Nuruddin Farah, and Wole Soyinka—have become known outside of their own continent. It also details the enormous obstacles they face within Africa to get their work published, let alone to support themselves financially from their writing. Charles R. Larson combines writers’ own testimony, pen portraits of their lives, and factual investigation to explore the full dimensions of this problem.”
Lefcourt, Peter (Togo, 1962–64).
The Deal: A Novel. 1st ed. New York: Random House, 1991. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/90053473
Wikipedia summary: “Peter Lefcourt’s experiences working behind the scenes in Hollywood have inspired much of his fiction. Actor William H. Macy adapted The Deal, one of Lefcourt’s numerous satirical novels, for the screen, and it debuted at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival. It is about a down-and-out movie producer whose leading man is kidnapped from the set during filming.”
Levitt, Leonard (Tanzania, 1963–65).
An African Season. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/67012159
Publisher’s summary: “An irreverent account of the author’s experiences as a Jewish-American Peace Corps volunteer serving in rural China describes his observations about the lives of China’s interior populations and their complex relationships with local traditions and the rapid changes of modernization.”
Lihosit, Lawrence F. (Honduras, 1975–77).
Peace Corps Chronology, 1961–2010. 2nd ed. New York: iUniverse, 2011. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/2010480705
Publisher’s summary: “Useful for anyone interested in the Peace Corps, this easy-to-read book includes all notable activities related to America’s most iconic program. It describes the first half century of service during which more than 200,000 Americans volunteered to work in 139 countries. Inspired by John F. Kennedy’s inaugural call—“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country”— volunteers from all 50 states traveled to tropical cloud forests, savannahs, prairies, deserts and frigid mountainous steppes to learn a new language and lend a hand.”
Limbert, John W. (Iran, 1964–66).
with Iran: Wrestling the Ghosts of History. Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace Press, 2009. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/2009015716
Publisher’s description: “Challenges both Americans and Iranians to end decades of mutually hostile mythmaking. This title outlines 14 principles to guide the American who finds himself in a negotiation-commercial, political, or other—with an Iranian counterpart. It is suitable for those interested in understanding US-Iranian history and relations.”
Linden, Anne Bates (Ukraine, 1992–95).
Assumptions and Misunderstandings: Memoir of an Unwitting Spy. Ivano-Frankivsk: Misto NV, 2006. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/2007617383
Publisher’s description: “Assumptions and Misunderstandings is a memoir based strictly on letters written family and friends between November 15, 1992, and February 1, 1994, about the first 15 months of my stint as a Peace Corps volunteer in Ukraine. The end of central planning, an annual inflation rate of 2000 percent, and reform that was “virtually nonexistent” made living there both incredibly difficult and fascinating.”
Lorentz, John H. (Iran, 1962–64).
Historical Dictionary of Iran. 2nd ed. Lanham, Maryland, Scarecrow Press, 2007. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/2006028034
Publisher’s description: “Iran is a country with a deep and complex history. Over several thousand years, Iran has been the source of numerous creative contributions to the spiritual and literary world, and the site of many remarkable manifestations of material culture. The special place that Iran has come to hold in contemporary historical events, most recently as a center state actor in the unfolding and interconnected drama of worldwide nuclear arms proliferation and terrorism, is all the more reason to explore the characters and personality of Iran and Iranians. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Iran is designed to give the reader a quick and understandable overview of specific events, movements, people, political and social groups, places, and trends. Through its extensive chronology, introduction, bibliography, appendixes, and more than double the number of cross-referenced dictionary entries as in the previous edition, the work allows for considerable exploration of a number of historical and contemporary topics and issues. In particular, the modern period, defined as 1800–present, is covered extensively.”
Lowerre, Susan (Senegal, 1985–87).
Under the Neem Tree. Sag Harbor, New York: Permanent Press, 1991. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/90043906
Subject: This is a Peace Corps volunteer’s anthropological study of her experience living in the Senegalese village of Walli Jalia, its fish culture, social life and customs, and the Fula tribe.
Lowther, Kevin G. (Sierra Leone, 1963–65; Peace Corps/Washington, 1965–68) and C. Payne Lucas.
Keeping Kennedy’s Promise: The Peace Corps, Unmet Hope of the New Frontier. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1978. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/77021187
Publisher’s description: “Special expanded edition of the 1978 Peace Corps classic. Reprinted to mark the Agency’s 40th anniversary.”
Luloff, Joanna (Sri Lanka, 1996–98).
The Beach at Galle Road: Stories of Sri Lanka. 1st ed. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2012. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/2012019881
Publisher’s description: “When rumors of civil war between the ruling Sinhalese and the Tamils in the northern sector of Sri Lanka reach those who live in the south, somehow it seems not to be happening in their own country. At least not until Janaki’s sister, Lakshmi—now a refugee whose husband has disappeared—comes back to live with her family. And when Sam, an American Peace Corps worker who boards with Janaki’s family, falls in love with one of his students, a young girl from the north, he, too, becomes acutely aware of the dangers that exist for anyone who gets drawn into the conflict, however marginally. Skillfully weaving together the stories of these and other intersecting lives, The Beach at Galle Road explores themes of memory and identity amid the consequences of the Sri Lankan civil war. From different points of view, across generations and geographies, it pits the destructive power of war against the resilient power of family, individual will, and the act of storytelling itself.”
Luz, Susan [Corry] (Brazil, 1972–75), and Marcus Brotherton.
The Nightingale of Mosul: A Nurse’s Journey of Service, Struggle, and War. New York: Kaplan Publishing, 2010. Library of Congress Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/2010534953
Publisher’s description: “The true story of a female soldier in Iraq who was awarded the Bronze Star—not for fighting, but for fighting to care. She is today’s Florence Nightingale. At age 56, Susan Luz was deployed to Iraq. By the time she returned home, she had helped save the lives of 30,000 wounded soldiers, contractors, Iraqi civilians, and detainees. But this was not the first time Luz responded to the call of duty: this is the inspirational story of a life dedicated to service and to the ideal of fighting for what truly matters. As a young woman, Luz served in the Peace Corps in Brazil, where she experienced the brutality of poverty and violence. As a public health nurse, she has worked in jails, psychiatric wards, and a violent inner city high school. But nothing prepared her for what she would see in Iraq. Working under constant fire, Luz routinely witnessed the most horrific effects of the war. Her dedication to her job earned her the Bronze Star in honor of her selflessness and the life-saving work she carried out under unfathomably difficult circumstances. Susan Luz is a true hero and her story will resonate in the hearts and minds of readers for generations to come.” |
Last week, federal animal health officials issued a warning regarding jerky treats for pets that have sickened over 3,600 dogs and ten cats. In addition, nearly 600 pets have died.
The FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine has not yet been able to identify the substance that is causing the problems, but the treats in question have a common denominator - they were all manufactured in China.
In 2007, more than 5,300 pet food products were recalled after ingredients sourced from China sickened thousands, and killed hundreds of dogs and cats. In the wake of this latest announcement, many are wondering how this scenario could possibly be repeated.
A recent post on Facebook read "Have we learned nothing from 2007? How is it possible that pet owners are still buying pet food products from China? What will it take to turn Americans into educated consumers?"
It's a rhetorical question, but I will try to answer it anyway.
As global commodities prices began to steadily increase, many pet food manufacturers began to look for ways to preserve their shrinking profit margins. While little could be done about rising ingredient costs, labor costs were fair game. Many U.S. companies moved their manufacturing facilities to China, while keeping the corporate entity in the United States.
A quick glance at the packaging reveals a company name and domestic address that leads even the most educated consumer to believe that all operations are happening on U.S. soil. Close inspection of the packaging, however, will often reveal the words "Product of China".
Manufacturers are quick to defend this practice by insisting that that the plants are staffed by an American management team and complies with USDA regulations. They are quick to point out that what they are doing is not illegal. In my opinion, however, it is unethical, and has tricked many consumers into believing that familiar brands are being produced locally and safely.
Please take extra care to to inspect your pet's food and treats for any evidence that they are being made in China. Look beyond the name and address of the U.S. corporate entity for the words "Product of China." Bully sticks, rawhides and pig ears should be inspected as well.
Don't be afraid to call the makers of your pet's food to ask if any of their ingredients are sourced from China. By asking questions and demanding transparency, we pet parents can hold the pet food industry more accountable for the health and safety of our animal companions. |
Three-Day Enteral Exposure to a Red Kidney Bean Lectin Preparation Enhances the Pancreatic Response to CCK Stimulation in Suckling Pigs.
Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie: Biology of the Neonate
Förlag: Karger Publishers
Background: A reason for the digestive problems that often occur around early weaning in piglets could be that the pancreas is not yet fully developed and the enzymes required for degradation of the solid food are not secreted in enough amounts. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of inducing pancreas maturation with enhanced enzyme secretion. Methods: 10-day-old suckling pigs were gavage fed with a red kidney bean lectin preparation for 3 days, and the pancreatic response to intravenous infusion of CCK-33 was measured in the anaesthetized animals fitted with pancreatic duct catheters. Results: The pancreatic fluid secretion, protein output, and the trypsin and amylase outputs were significantly increased in response to CCK stimulation after the lectin treatment, as compared to those of the control littermates (p le 0.05). In addition, the plasma insulin basal levels and those observed during CCK-33 stimulation were lower in the lectin-treated piglets. Conclusion: The results suggested that the lectin treatment led to an increase in the capacity for pancreatic enzyme secretion in the suckling piglets. An enhanced pancreatic function might help to ameliorate the problems that may appear in modern pig production which are associated with weaning.
- Biology and Life Sciences
- ISSN: 0006-3126 |
Binaural Beats Healing for Everyone: Heal Yourself With Powerful Binaural Beats
Walking into any spa, massage center, beauty center and the likes, the first thing one would notice is the tranquil and quiet surroundings that are only “broken” by the equally... More > intoxication tranquil sounding light music in the background.
Similar yet different to this is the binaural beats. The underlying reason for using this type of music is similar and so is the intended goal. Binaural beats are sounds that are supposed to stimulate the brain in specific ways. These sounds have been claimed to help induce relaxation, meditation, creativity and other desirable mental states.
Here's what you will find inside this book: Binaural Beats the basics; DNA stimulation facts; Using Binaural Beats for deep sleep; Healing addictions with Binaural Beats; Awaken creativity with Binaural Beats; Binaural Beats for relaxation and healing psychological issues; Using Binaural Beats to enter a deep meditation state; How to make Binaural Beats; How to use Binaural Beats properly and what precautions to take.< Less |
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So we have explored a command inside of Illustrator called Transform Again. It basically allows us to take the transform that we have already applied and simply repeat it again and again. Now this particular effect is also available as a live effect inside of Illustrator. Let's see how that can actually come into play. I have basically a group of objects right here. Instead of having to step up several copies of this, what I can do is, rather than have to manually Option+Drag and then hit Command+D to go ahead and make copies of those, I'm going to press Command+Z or Ctrl+Z to undo and I'm simply going to go ahead and now and through the Effect menu, choose Distort and Transform and then choose Transform.
Now this brings up the Transform Effect dialog box, which actually looks very similar to the Transform Each dialog box that we have seen before with one main difference. It has the setting here for Number of Copies. I am going to first click on the Preview button so that I could see what I'm doing as I'm working. My goal is to basically create several copies of this particular piece of art. Now what I'm going to do is move this over to the side just a little bit here. I want to create one copy, just so that I see what I'm doing here. Now what I would like to do is I would like to a copy of this basically and move it over here to the right. So I'm going to specify a horizontal move about 2.5 inches. In doing so I now sort of have created a copy of this piece of artwork.
But again this is an appearance. It's an effect. I haven't actually physically created new vectors inside of Illustrator. I have simply told Illustrator to apply that particular effect as a live effect. Now that I know exactly where it's going to go, I'll add some more copies, for example, let's do about 3 copies which basically gives me my original plus three others which give me a total of four. So now I'm going to click OK and now I have applied that. If you look at my Appearance panel I see that I now have a transform effect that is applied to that group. Now of course, these are all copies of this one here. So if I were to make any changes for example, I'm going to double click on this to isolate this group.
Maybe click on the letters here Groundswell, which is currently colored white. Maybe I want to change the color of that to something different like maybe black for example. Notice that when I do so, all the other ones, which are simply copies of this as an effect, have been updated as well. I'm now going to click over here to select the original piece of art here. Remember these if I go into Outline mode, Command+Y or Ctrl+Y, I don't even see anything right here. These are all applied as an effect. So now I'm simply going to go ahead and take this particular object, which already has a transform on it. I'm going to go to the Effect menu. I'm going to choose Distort and Transform and Transform.
Now Illustrator is going to tell me, hey you want to apply actually a transform effect. Well there is already a transform effect applied to this object. So do I want to edit the existing one? To do so I would need to basically come over here and click on the word transform in the Appearance panel. But what I would really like to do is I want to actually apply a new effect. So I'm going to click on this button here to apply a new effect. What I'm going to do is rather than specify now horizontal move, again let's specify just one copy here. We'll click on the Preview button. Now I'm going to specify a vertical setting. So maybe I want to go ahead and I want to add a vertical setting. But instead of going in a positive direction, I want to go in a negative direction. Maybe let's do -2 inches for example.
Now I see that that's step downwards in this direction. Now I'll go ahead and I'll specify maybe have three copies there as well. By clicking OK what I have done is I have now applied two transform effects. The first transform effect takes this group and makes copies of it this way. Then I have taken another transform effect and made copies of this entire piece of artwork right here and its effect here and duplicate it here. That gives me a whole page of stepped up artwork. It can be incredibly powerful because again all I need to do is just edit one piece of artwork right here and that updates all of these as well. So that's one way to use this Transform Live Effect.
But let me show you one another example that you can, kind of, create things in a more creative fashion. I'm going to delete this particular object right here and let's work with this surfboard here. But I want to create some other kind of interesting shapes. So what I'll do is I'll apply another transform effect to this. I am going to go to the Effect menu. I'll choose Distort and transform and then I'll choose Transform. Here again with the Preview button on, let's focus on using the Rotate setting. Now in the past what we have done is we have actually taken the surfboard and we have, kind of, made them all, kind of fan out in a circle. Now we were able to do that because when you are working inside of Illustrator, you do have the ability to set an origin point somewhere away from the actual object itself. But in the transformed effect though I can only work with this reference point indicator to basically decide where I want my transforms to happen from.
I am going to choose basically from the bottom center right over here. I'm going to choose to actually rotate this about 30degrees and I'll specify a number of copies. Maybe I'll do, let's say, 20 copies for example. I'll hit the tab key to accept that. Now notice what I have done here is I have actually created some kind of a flower. I could add more copies or I could specify the angle for example, if I make it 12 degrees and I'll get something that looks like that. I just need to add more copies to fill out that circle. But you can basically see that I could use this particular transform effect to really do lots of cool things inside of Illustrator. I might be able to now take that same object and apply a different transform effect with a different value. I can move them or scale them, adjust the number of copies in them as well.
So definitely take a look at the Transform effect. It's more than just moving an object from one place to another. It's actually taking advantage of that Copies command to get some really, really cool transformations.
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In Michigan today, you cannot buy the popular "CJ" Jeep, safe new IUDs, advanced aircraft ignition systems, safe substitutes for asbestos, or a broad array of other products and services. These products are not on the market because products liability insurance for them is either too expensive or not available at any price.
This study examines the popular theories behind the products liability insurance crisis, including the idea that the crisis has been contrived by the insurance industry, and finds them deficient. The insurance conspiracy theory, for example, is unsupported by both fact and theory, and has been rejected by the Federal Trade Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice, and a select commission appointed by New York Governor Mario Cuomo.
The source of the problem is judicial changes in tort law that undermine the predictability of risk and the independence that insurance markets require to adequately measure risk. As a result, insurance companies and self-insured manufacturers, governments and non-profits must add an "uncertainty tax" to the cost of insurance. In some cases, the interference with insurance markets is so severe that the risk cannot be accepted at any price.
One of the most destructive changes in tort law has been the eagerness of courts to override contractual allocations of liability. The study cites cases in which the court ignored express provisions in warranties even were no showing of duress or fraud was made.
Implicit contractual allocations of risk have also been brushed aside by courts. The manufacturer of glue is found liable for injuries suffered by a person who intentionally sniffs the glue to get "high", even though aware of the health risks. A man reads and ignores a warning against hitting a bearing with a hammer and when injury results, the court nevertheless holds the manufacturer liable. This willingness to ignore voluntary risk allocation and acceptance prevents manufacturers- and insurers from controlling the use of their product or their resultant liability.
Coupled with the overriding of contractual risk allocation is the extension of the meaning of causation to include the most tenuous links between a product and a harm. When plaintiffs are unable to show even these links of causation, the courts simply shift; the burden to the defendant to prove that his product did not cause the harm – a far cry from traditional notions of "innocent until proven guilty."
Other modern tort law doctrines have added to the crisis. Joint and several liability ;has been expanded to hold defendants liable for harm that all parties know they didn't cause. Damages are now allowed for the mere fear, that actual harm may be suffered at a later date. Plaintiffs' negligence has sometimes been excused, and juries have found whole product lines "defective" despite their approval by government agencies and private experts.
These changes are all motivated by a poorly conceived attempt to guarantee some compensation for all accident victims. The tort system is simply not designed, and cannot be designed, to provide universal social insurance from accidents. Efforts to make it do so destroy private insurance markets and have helped immensely to produce the present crisis.
The burdens of these new tort law applications fall heaviest on the poor. The "uncertainty tax", uniformly added on to the cost of a product, has the same regressive effect as a sales tax. Trade-offs in the quality of workmanship, materials, and design are necessarily made to lower the cost of products. These products are therefore less safe, so liability insurance adds more to their cost. If insurance is not available, the less expensive products are pulled from the market entirely, depriving low income individuals of desired products and services.
Yet the poor get fewer benefits from the system. They are less likely to undertake the time and expense of bringing a lawsuit. Their earnings are lower, and so their damage awards are lower when they win lawsuits. The system penalizes low income individuals on both ends.
While reform efforts such as restricting the application of joint and several liability or placing caps on damages can have a positive impact on the crisis, restoring liability insurance markets to long-term health will require major changes in current thinking about tort law. The goal of the system should be to redress violations of rights, not to serve as a judicial substitute for a universal insurance system.
Perhaps surprisingly, the study concludes that this can be best accomplished through a system of "strict liability," in which the manufacturer's negligence is not at issue in determining liability, provided that such a system includes a properly narrow definition of causation and allows for contractual allocation of risks through express warranties and an assumption of risk defense.
This Executive Summary is based on a Mackinac Center Report, "Tort Law and the Products Liability Insurance Crisis" by Brad Smith. Copies of the full 56-page report are available from the Center for $10.00, or at no charge for Michigan media. Copyright 1989 by the Mackinac Center. Nothing in this summary should be construed as an attempt to aid or hinder, the passage of any particular legislation.
Bradley A. Smith is a Senior Policy Analyst with The Mackinac Center. |
updated 09:45 am EDT, Mon May 25, 2009
New iPhones in SDK
Images in beta 5 of the iPhone 3.0 SDK make clear reference to next-generation hardware, anecdotes claim. In searching for a separate file through Spotlight, one Australian developer is said to have found a collection of the PNG graphics displayed when people sync a device with iTunes. Although two of these reference the original and 3G iPhones -- "iPhone1,1" and "iPhone1,2" -- and a third refers to the second-gen iPod touch, the remaining ones are listed as black and white variants of an unknown device, "iPhone2,1."
The model number has appeared repeatedly in iPhone 3.0 software, but until now only in the form of text strings. Missing are some previously-cited devices, such as iPod2,2, iPod3,1 and iPhone 3,1. Apple has also yet to include a "human-readable" name for iPhone2,1, leaving question marks in place of a designation.
The PNG files are low-resolution and difficult discern, but show little if any visible distinction from the iPhone 3G. The discovery could reinforce rumors that the next iPhone will make mostly internal changes, but might also suggest that Apple is merely using placeholder art. A formal announcement of future iPhone hardware is expected at WWDC 2009, scheduled to begin June 8th. |
Are you interested in learning how to make olive oil? There are many types of olive oil and some are extremely healthy and should be added to your diet daily. Making olive oil cannot be done at home and it will take a special press to extract the oil. After the olive oil is extracted, it will be good for up to six months in a sealed container that is kept in a dark closet.
- Different Types of Olive Oil. There are three main kinds of olive oil. The best olive oil is cold pressed and it is called extra virgin olive oil. It is good for salads and dipping and light sautéing only. Extra virgin olive oil burns at 320 degrees and becomes toxic. Virgin olive oil can be used for cooking or light frying with and extra light olive is merely regular oil with a hint of olive oil and should not be used.
- Harvesting Olives. Usually in November, families will start to harvest the olive crop. This takes lots of work as all the olives must be picked, even from the tip of the trees. Normally a long stick is used to shake the branches. Large plastic sheets or nets are placed under the trees to catch all the olives.
- Cleaning the Olives. After the olives are picked and harvested, you must remove the leaves and pieces of branches. It is not necessary to wash the olives, because the place squeezing your olives will wash them first. The olives should be pressed within 24 hours of picking.
- How Many Olives Do You Need? It takes about four to five kilos of olives to make one liter of olive oil. So many times, one tree will produce only one liter of olive oil. Olive oil is very expensive for this reason.
- Cold Pressing Procedure. Extra virgin olive oil is best when it is cold pressed without any heating or processing. Cold pressing is simply mashing the olives to a pulp and then placing the pulp on circular mats which are then pressed.
- Separating the Oil. Let the oil set for at least one hour and then skin off the oil from the top. Sediment of the processing will settle to the bottom and should not be used. Seal the oil in large containers that are dark and covered.
- Virgin Olive Oil. Virgin olive oil is processed the same cold pressed way. Virgin olive oil is merely olives used that have ripen more. The difference in the color of the olives depends on how ripe they are. The first olives used for extra virgin olive oil are green.
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Escobedo v. Rogers
As part of MALDEF’s national voter protection campaign during the 2008 general elections, MALDEF filed a federal lawsuit in Albuquerque, New Mexico to block threats and voter intimidation directed at eligible Latino voters. MALDEF represents two Latina voters who are properly registered and qualified to vote but were the target of an intimidation campaign that included public accusations of voter fraud and harassment by a private investigator sent to their homes.
Dora Escobedo, a 67-year-old newly naturalized U.S. citizen, and the lead plaintiff in the case, was harassed by a private investigator who claimed he was investigating voter fraud, accused her of being a non-citizen and fraudulent voter and threatened to call federal immigration authorities. In addition, Ms. Escobedo’s personal information, including her address, phone number and birth date were released to the public by Defendants as evidence that her vote was invalid.
U.S. District Court Judge William P. Johnson denied MALDEF’s request for a temporary restraining order on Election Day, November 4, 2008. However, the defendant, private investigator Mr. Romero, testified that in the future he would no longer visit the home of the plaintiffs and both defendants were forced to account for their actions under oath in court. Following the hearing, the plaintiffs learned that their votes had been counted without challenge by the Bernalillo County Clerk. |
Metal Halide Bulb Information
|There are three main considerations to decide upon when choosing Metal Halide bulbs and systems: Type of bulb, Wattage and color temperature.|
There are two different types of bulbs available within the metal halide family. First are the single ended bulbs or also referred to as mogul based or abbreviated SE. Single ended lamps will have a thread ended like a normal light bulb only a little thicker and will screw into a mogul socket. These bulbs are most commonly seen in 175, 250 and 400 watt but are also occasionally available in 150 and 1000 watt versions. The SE bulbs have a glass tube around the arc tube (the part that lights up) to help protect them. This glass will provide UV protection and the bulbs do not need another protective shield when placed over the tank. But if you have fish that tend to splash the extra protection of a glass shield could prevent the bulb from breaking. Single ended bulbs are the most common metal halide bulbs being used and will have the most types of bulbs available (currently).
The second types of bulbs available are the double ended bulbs (abbreviated DE). DE bulbs lack the threads and UV casing found on SE bulbs. Instead they will be held in place using two ceramic endcaps that the bulbs snap into and the pendant or fixture that houses the bulbs will have a UV glass shield. DE bulbs should never be run over a tank without the use of the glass shield. While DE bulbs are newer to the industry they have made leaps and bounds since they were introduced and are becoming more and more popular. This popularity is mainly due in to the fact that when compared watt to watt to SE bulbs they will have a higher PAR value (P.A.R.- Abbreviation for Photosynthetically Active Radiation. Used in measuring the light levels or energy given off by a lamp). Most commonly you see the DE bulbs in 150 and 250 watt bulbs but there are 70 and 400 watt versions also available.
There are generally two considerations when planning wattage, tank depth and the requirements of various types of corals. For SE bulbs, tanks 18" and shorter it is recommended to use 175. For tanks 18-24” deep 250 watt bulbs are recommended and tanks 24" and over will use 400 watt MH bulbs. I have found most soft and large-polyped-stony corals to do just fine within 5-15 inches from a 175 watt bulb and 10-24 inches from a 400 watt bulb. Most small-polyped-stony corals survive within 5-10 inches from a 175 watt but appear to thrive within 5-15 inches of 250 and 400 watt bulbs. For DE bulbs it is generally recommended for tanks 22” or shorter to go with 150 watt and for tanks 22-30” deep to use 250 watt bulbs. 70 watt DE bulbs can be used for tanks under 15” deep and for tanks over 30” deep 400 watt DE bulbs are usually recommended. These are all just general statements to assist in going the correct route with choosing wattage. Water clarity and quality will also play a big factor in allowing light to penetrate deeper in the tank.
Color temperature is a hotly debated topic where there is no one recommendation that will fit everybody. Lowers Kelvin temperatures are more yellow and green in color while higher Kelvin temperatures are more white and blue in color. There are two factors that determine most hobbyists choice of bulb colors, par rating and aesthetics. The 6500K Iwasaki bulb is generally regarded as an excellent PAR rated bulb. However, its green tinged yellowish color makes for what is considered by many as poor aesthetics. This is not the say the much bluer 20,000K German bulb is aesthetically ideal. Many hobbyists complain this bulb is too blue. By far, the bulbs most popularly purchased are ones rated between 10,000K and 15,000K. The majority of hobbyists choose aesthetics as the determining factor of choosing color temperature for the primary reason that the appearance of our aquariums is of utmost importance. Due to the subjective nature of color preference, we refrain from making suggestions on which color temperature is right for you. Instead, we have a visual bulb comparison of some of the most popular SE bulbs on the market.
As a general rule of thumb, use one metal halide bulb for 24" of tank length.
Metal Halide bulbs are one the most difficult aspects of the hobby to recommend. Most of the information here is general.
Click here for more metal halide bulb pictures |
Since the worst-case scenario became a reality with September's terrorist attacks in the U.S., organizations of all kinds have been forced to re-evaluate how security applies to their operations. While the nation's focus has been primarily on the aviation industry, those of us in the maritime community have immediately seen many ramifications for water borne transportation. Because of the monstrous scale of death and damage, the industry can expect governments and regulatory authorities to apply varying degrees of increased security measures throughout the free world's infrastructure.
Substantial security measures have already been taken in the maritime sector. The U.S. Coast Guard is instituting several new port security measures. Security zones have been established in U.S. ports, reporting requirements for vessel arrivals have been greatly expanded and the Coast Guard is escorting vessels perceived to be high-risk targets for potential terrorist activity. Government organizations are also scrutinizing a vessel's previous ports of call and are requiring crew lists supply the country of origin of each crew member.
While this reaction is understandable, activity of this nature is difficult to maintain and often does not address the root causes of the problem. For the long-term, the industry must ensure that remedies and corrective actions taken are well thought out, help sustain vigilance and supply the resources required to achieve a systematic approach to security. If done properly, the solutions will continuously improve performance, prevent security breaches at all levels and mitigate the inevitable, increased cost demands on business. The solutions should be designed to incorporate existing infrastructures and technologies and be scalable and flexible in order to meet new opportunities
and needs. This challenge will be difficult, but now is the time to act.
In the past 15 years, the maritime community has witnessed a rising tide of regulations that have focused primarily on safety and environmental protection. In the aftermath of September 11th, new rounds of regulations concentrating on security are likely to be created. This will bring added economic pressure to an industry that already suffers narrow profit margins and steadily increasing administration costs.
The industry has recently seen the implementation of two major international mandates, the International Safety Management (ISM) Code and the International Code for Seafarers Certification Training and Watchkeeping (STCW). These two initiatives have driven massive increases in administrative, compliance and other operating costs and, in turn, assisted in changing the overall face of the industry itself. As anxieties subside, and people and businesses return to normal, corrective actions will be reviewed and well intentioned professionals will attempt to implement solutions to increase security and provide protection to people, property and the public at large. It is a good and worthy goal. However, an initial concern for mariners is the possibility for the birth of another management system — Security Management.
The incorporation of a Security Management System is not needed, will confuse instead of improve the situation and will add to an already significant burden. The maritime industry presently operates under several management systems, including some that address Safety Management (ISM Code
), Quality Management (ISO 9000) and Environmental Management (ISO 14000). These standards are perfectly suited to address security requirements and negate any necessity for establishing a new standard. As an example, consider the stated objectives of the ISM Code: "to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular, to the marine environment, and to the property." Further, the Code requires Companies to implement a system that "establishes safeguards against all identified risks," including preparing for the emergencies related to both safety and environmental protection.
All successful management systems are supported by the same basic principles. They require acceptance and leadership from senior management, a written policy, applicable written procedures, a cultural commitment and evidence of compliance. Advanced systems also require performance measurement to gauge an organization's execution of documented policies and procedures. For years management system experts have been preaching integration of management and technology systems as a key component of effectively managing processes. Today it is more imperative than ever to apply the principles of management systems across multiple functions (safety, environmental protection, quality and now security) and leverage the productivity benefits of information technology.
"Man will occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of the time he will pick himself up and continue on." — Winston Churchill
What are the Threats?
The Marine industry, like aviation, is a part of the transportation industry and therefore an obvious target for terrorist attacks. Many ship managers have already envisioned the horror of having a bomb placed on one of their vessels in a populated port. Vessels such as tankers and cruise ships are particularly likely to be appealing targets for terrorists because of the high potential for loss of human life and destruction.
Another type of criminal posing a security threat to the maritime industry is pirates. International law defines piracy as the attack of a ship for private ends (money). Though motivated by money and not political or religious aims, piracy is an increasing menace to the international shipping trade and should be addressed in a company's Safety Management System.
Also, there are individuals who may pose as security threats to maritime businesses and our economy in general. These include hackers, who attack our information infrastructure, and disgruntled employees.
Shipboard Security Procedures
The international and dynamic nature of the business and services provided makes the shipping industry more vulnerable to security lapses than most other industries. The amount of variables involved in protecting a ship are, by far, more numerous than protecting a manufacturing plant. It's not effective to put a fence around a ship. However, with a comprehensive security program a company can limit access to both the ship and the terminal or port facility the vessel is calling on. Shipping companies should review the content of the policies, plans and procedures in their management systems to verify they adequately address elements such as training, communications, key procedures and emergency preparedness that apply to security issues. Some examples of management system improvements for shipboard security include
A vessel's gangway is the easiest point of access to a vessel when it is moored at berth. Too often, the crew member assigned to monitor gangway access is not given clear instructions for boarding procedures and when to call for the assistance of an officer. Furthermore, decreased manning levels on ships often result in the gangway watch taking on additional responsibilities that require leaving the gangway unattended for periods of time. Vessel operators need to emphasize the security aspects of the gangway watch in procedures and training. Items to be addressed should include Embarking/Disembarking procedures (for crew, guests and contractors), communication procedures (internal and ship-to-shore), Stores and Package Receiving procedures, and Security Equipment (lighting, CCTV's, hand-held radios, etc.) In many ports, the terminal or a third party provides a security officer. In such cases, the vessel should have procedures to familiarize the security officer with
his responsibilities to the vessel. In all cases, the Master of the vessel must ensure that this security is adequate and that security personnel know and understand shipboard requirements and procedures.
One of the most difficult processes to carry out aboard a vessel is validation of a crew member's certification. Forged and illegally obtained documents are widespread and must be dealt with through a cooperative effort from several sources. Validation procedures should include input from the vessel, vessel management, manning agencies or unions and, in some circumstances, flag-state administrations.
Captain's Interview of Crew Members
Ship's Masters should conduct one on one interviews with each new member of the crew as they sign on. A thorough interview will give the master insight to the capabilities and attitude of the crew member and provide the opportunity to immediately establish policy and expectations aboard the vessel.
Security Tours, Contingency Plans
Crew member's rounds, both at sea and in port, should always include elements of security. Tours and inspections throughout the vessel can include checks for intrusion and piracy, lock and key control and adherence to limited access spaces. Also, vessel management systems should be examined for content of their Emergency Response Plans
. Most vessels have plans for emergency items such as pollution events (hazmat, oil spills), medical emergencies, fire, abandon ship, man overboard and many other. However, few vessels have contingency plans for bomb threats, dealing with intruders or hostage situations.
For all of the security measures that can be taken aboard a vessel, effective security in port is only possible if the port authority and terminal operator also engage in effective security measures. Items to consider for port security are guarding the perimeter of the terminal, including surveillance and protection of the water borne boundaries, conducting drills for bomb threats, hostage situations and intruders and practicing security measures in all terminal employees' routines. Port procedures and plans must be communicated to calling vessels and coordinated with vessel procedures and requirements. For example, security plans should be raised and coordinated during the initial operations briefing held between the vessel's cargo officer and the load/discharge supervisor ashore. Ideally, operations checklists provided by each party in this meeting should reflect security requirements.
Additionally port authorities must effectively coordinate all elements of the system (i.e., working with shipping agents to gain access to cargo manifests, ETA, ETD, previous port of call, destination, and tracking movements of dangerous materials in the port).
Fortunately, most of the financial services companies affected directly by the collapse of the World Trade Center had data recovery and data management systems already in place. Other companies around the world, however, have not prepared themselves for a disaster of this scale and are now considering solutions to solve issues raised by the crisis. According to Carrie Lewis, an analyst at Yankee Group Inc. in Boston. "Almost every company out there is rethinking what they are doing." The question for all companies to consider is "what would happen if a bomb destroyed the building that houses company computers?"
As the maritime community assesses its weaknesses with regard to vessel and port security it must bear in mind that the means to implement the improvements already exist through implemented Safety, Environmental and Quality Management Systems.
Companies with practicing management systems can simplify the otherwise daunting task of incorporating additional security measures by using the tools built into these management systems. Identification and implementation of the changes needed to a company's security procedures can be administered through existing audit, document control, and training procedures. |
William Sutton, who is well qualified for the position which he now holds as superin- tendent of the Globe shipyard, in Cleveland, was born in Milford, Pembrokeshire, South Wales, June 10, 1849, a son of James and Margaret (Simmons) Sutton. His parents removed to the United States in 1872, locating at Lockport, N. Y., to which city William had preceded them about one year. The father died in 1880, the mother following two years later.
William Sutton, the subject of this sketch, attended the public schools of Pembrokeshire until he was thirteen years of age, and then entered the shipyard of Allen & Warlaw as an apprentice, remaining with that firm six years. In 1868 he went to Chatham navy yard, in Kent, near London, and was employed on the general iron and steel ship work, notably for his work on the British warships Gladden, Sultan and Serapis, one year, after which he left the yard on account of a reduction in the force.
In the spring of 1869 he went to Cardiff, and joined the full-rigged ship Annie Combrey as carpenter, which was bound for Ancona, Italy, with coal, thence to Taganrog, Russia, a port on the Black Sea, where she took on a cargo of grain. On the return voyage, she was quarantined on the Bosporous for ten days, then passed on down to Constantinople, thence to Havre, France, arriving there soon after hostilities commenced between France and Prussia. The crew left the ship, and Mr. Sutton took passage on a channel steamer, and reached Milford, after an absence of nine months.
After recovering from the effects of rheumatism, which he had contracted during the voyage, he again went to work in the Chatham navy yards, remaining there until the spring of 1871, when he took passage on the steamer City of New York, bound for the United States. On arrival he went to Lockport, N. Y, and engaged in the construction of canal boats for use on the Erie Canal, afterward taking charge of a gang of men to plank the bottom and build locks on the new Welland Canal.
In 1882, after the completion of that work, Mr. Sutton went to Cleveland, and entered the employ of the Globe Iron Works Company, and worked on the great iron steamer Onoko, at that time the largest vessel afloat on the lakes, and the first iron steamer built in Cleveland. While on a visit to Lockport his mother died, and after the obsequies Mr. Sutton went to Jefferson, Ind., to work on government barges, which were being constructed for use on the Mississippi River. He was there during the flood of 1883, when the inhabitants passed from house to house in small boats, or vacated their premises entirely. The next spring he returned to Lockport, and engaged with the Pound Manufacturing Company, to go to the Isthmus of Panama to fit up the woodwork for dredges to be used on the proposed De Lesseps Canal. After six months he was disabled by an accident, and took passage for New York, going thence to Cleveland, where he again found employment in the Globe shipyard, assisting in the construction of the iron steamers William Chisholm, J. H. Devereux, Darius Cole, and the steel steamers of the Northern Mutual, Lehigh, Menominee, and the Minnesota lines, as general foreman. The steamers of these several lines are numbered among the best on the lakes, and Mr. Sutton's practical qualifications are recognized as being of a high order of merit.
In 1884 Mr. Sutton was wedded to Miss Ellen Nora Collins, the daughter of John and Nora Collins, of Lockport, N. Y. The children born to this union are as follows: Mary Margaret, John Francis (who died young), and Joseph Leo. The family homestead is located at No. 12 Woodbine Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
Return to Home Port
This version of Volume II is based, with permission, on the work of the great volunteers at the Marine Captains Biographies site. To them goes the credit for reorganizing the content into some coherent order. The biographies in the original volume are in essentially random order.
Some of the transcription work was also done by Brendon Baillod, who maintains an excellent guide to Great Lakes Shipwreck Research. |
New Research Finds Northeast Region Facing Challenge Creating Next Generation of Skilled Workers
BOSTON – Thursday, November 8, 2012 – The Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development (EOLWD) and the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston today announced that 45 percent of the Northeast region’s civilian labor force was 45 years of age or older, while only 30 percent were under the age of 35. The region’s labor force is older than the state’s labor force. As a consequence, the region faces the challenge of equipping younger workers with the skills needed to replace retiring baby boomers. The report, entitled “Labor Market Trends in the Northeast Region,” is part of a joint project between EOLWD’s Commonwealth Corporation and the Boston Fed’s New England Public Policy Center.
“The Patrick-Murray Administration is strengthening pathways for new and incumbent workers in the Northeast region by aligning public post-secondary education with the skill needs of employers, especially at the community college level. Given the increasing skill levels required in the Northeast region, it is critical that we continue to focus on building education and career pathways for residents and workers that support them in advancing into middle and high skill jobs,” said Joanne F. Goldstein, Secretary of Labor and Workforce Development.
The Northeast labor market borders the Boston/Metro North, Central Mass, and Metro South/West regional labor markets. It is composed of 42 Massachusetts cities and towns in Essex and Middlesex counties. Some of the larger cities and towns include Lowell, Lynn, Lawrence, Haverhill, Peabody, Methuen, and Salem.
Despite a challenging decade, the Northeast region has fared better than most other Massachusetts labor markets. After two recessions and a decade of declining employment, the region is now gaining jobs and recovering at a modest pace, in response to a growth strategy targeted at education, innovation, and infrastructure investments. The recent recovery from the global economic collapse has been somewhat stronger in the region than in the state as a whole. In the first two years of the recovery in employment (Q4 2009 to Q4 2011) the Northeast region has expanded employment by 3.6 percent, far exceeding the employment recovery of all other regional labor markets, the state (2.9 percent) and the nation (2.1 percent).
Looking forward, the region faces the demographic challenges of an aging population and retiring baby boomers yielding potential shortfalls in workers with the educational levels required by employers. In 2008-2010, 45.8 percent of the region’s civilian labor force was 45 years or older, compared with 44.4 percent of the state’s labor force who were a similar age. Only 31.8 percent of the region’s labor force was under 35 years old. Moreover, in the past decade, there has been strong growth in the share of workers who are over 45 years old and a declining number of workers between the ages of 25 and 44.
Yolanda Kodrzycki, Vice President and Director of the New England Public Policy Center at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, noted that, “While the region has comparable levels of post-secondary educational attainment to the state, it is also home to a significant number of people who lack a high school degree. Without completing high school and getting some further education or training, many residents cannot participate fully in today’s labor market.” In 2008-10, more than 119,000 of the Northeast region’s working-age residents (14.8 percent) lacked a High School Degree. This is higher than the share in the state (13.9 percent) but it is still lower than in the nation (17.6 percent).
Younger workers account for a disproportionate share of the unemployed. While young workers between the ages of 16 and 24 make up 13.1 percent of the civilian labor force they account for 25.8 percent of the unemployed in the Northeast. “Across the state, our young people are struggling to gain a foothold in the labor market. Creating strategies to increase youth employment must be a priority. Early work experience generates important work readiness skills, and a lack of work history leads to a weak connection to the labor market over a worker’s lifetime,” said Nancy Snyder, President of Commonwealth Corporation.
The education level of the labor force in the region increased over the past decade. By the end of the decade, two-thirds (66.8 percent) of the civilian labor force in the Northeast region had completed at least some post-secondary education (Some College or higher). This was slightly below the 67.8 percent in Massachusetts but greater than the share nationwide (61.9 percent) that had some post-secondary education. The share of the civilian labor force in the region with a Bachelor’s Degree or higher in the Northeast was 37.9 percent, compared with 41.2 percent of Massachusetts residents with similar education levels.
“The findings released today show the critical need businesses in the Merrimack Valley will face as they seek a qualified, educated and skilled workforce in the next decade,” said Joseph Bevilacqua, Chair of the Merrimack Valley Workforce Board. “The data further illustrates the need for young people to stay in school and graduate and continue on with their education if they are to have a successful career.”
The region’s higher education institutions have a critical role to play in influencing the region’s future supply of workers. More and more individuals have been seeking post-secondary education over the last decade. The number of students enrolled full-time in public two- and four-year institutions in the Northeast region has grown more robustly than enrollment in private institutions. Further, enrollments have increased at much faster rates in the region than in Massachusetts and the United States.
In addition to the increase in enrollments, there has been strong growth in the number of students completing their degrees. The growth in the number of students earning post-secondary degrees at institutions in the Northeast surpassed the growth in Massachusetts for all three types of post-secondary degrees (Certificates, Associate’s Degrees, and Bachelor’s Degrees). Public institutions play a key role in the Northeast. The region’s two community colleges, Northern Essex and North Shore, accounted for 93.3 percent of Associate’s Degree completions in 2010. Data on Middlesex Community College is reported in the MetroSouth/West regional profile, although the college serves a significant number of students in the Northeast. Data in the MetroSouth/West report shows that Middlesex awarded the highest number of Associate’s Degree of all two-year institutions in that region. The Northeast region’s two public colleges, University of Massachusetts-Lowell and Salem State University, accounted for 66.4 percent of Bachelor’s Degree completions that year.
“The Northeast Regional research clearly shows the need to work in creating additional career pathways for unemployed and younger workers to replace baby boomers,” said Kevin E. Coughlin, Chairman, Greater Lowell Workforce Investment Board. “This is especially telling with the region’s growth in the areas of healthcare, advanced manufacturing and professional and technical services.”
The FY13 budget Governor Deval Patrick signed in July begins to address the “skills gap” by adopting the Governor’s proposal to create a more unified, coordinated community college system. The reforms will enable students to transfer their credits more easily and local campuses to be more responsive to the needs of local economies as well as of the state’s fastest growing sectors.
The full report and appendices are available online at http://www.bostonfed.org/neppc .
About Commonwealth Corporation: Commonwealth Corporation strengthens the skills of youth and adults by investing in innovative partnerships with industry, education, and workforce organizations. We seek to meet the immediate and emerging needs of businesses and workers so that they can thrive in our dynamic economy. Commonwealth Corporation is a Massachusetts quasi-public corporation within the Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development.
About the New England Public Policy Center at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston: The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston has a decades-long tradition of supporting the New England public policy community. In 2005, the Bank established the New England Public Policy Center to reinvigorate and institutionalize that support. The Center promotes better public policy in New England by conducting and disseminating objective, high-quality research and analysis of strategically identified regional economic and policy issues and, when appropriate, works with regional and Bank partners to advance identified policy options. |
The fate of the Malaysian Airlines jet with its 239 passengers, missing since it departed Kuala Lumpur for Beijing on March 8, and speculated to be anywhere in a two million square mile area, that includes the South China Sea, has brought back memories of Vietnamese fleeing on that sea for at least one Springfield resident.
"I hope for the best for them and for them to be safe. It is a very scary situation. Maybe there will be a miracle to save them all," said Thu Pham, who escaped her war-torn country by boat, in 1987, and spent two years in a Thai refugee camp, before coming to the United States.
Pham, former coordinator of the Vietnamese Health Project based at Mercy Medical Center, escaped from Saigon, traveling south west along the coastline to Cambodia, where she and eight other refugees spent two weeks, and then boarded another small boat to cross the Gulf of Thailand.
Previously, she had tried to escape Saigon, now Ho Chi MInh City, by boats headed from the Communist country into the waters of the South China Sea.
"I tried seven times, but was cheated. They would take the money from you, but you would go nowhere. They would say there was no boat, because the police came," Pham said.
Pham recalled families with members who did escape "for freedom" on that sea.
"The boats were very old, and many did not make it through. People face pirates, and did not know where they were going. Some were lucky, and got saved by boats. You could end up anywhere, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines. One of my friends, who came after me, landed in Malaysia, married and was sent back to Vietnam, after seven years. His wife came to the United States after 11 years, and three years ago they were reunited. " Pham said.
The tens of thousands of Vietnamese who began to flee their worn-torn country in the 1970s, and were sometimes rescued by merchant ships who followed a tradition of leaving them at the next port-of-call, prompted the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to try to get coastal countries to give the refugees temporary residence, if other countries would agree to resettle them.
In the case of Flight 370, some 25 nations are now involve in the effort to locate the plane that is said to have lost contact with ground control 40-minutes into its night flight, as the Boeing jet was headed over Gulf of Thailand, between northern Malaysia and southern Vietnam. It then reportedly then changed direction, its signaling disabled, in what is now being theorized as an act of sabotage. |
on Thursday, November 15th, 2012
State Library of Massachusetts
Room 341, State House
12 until 1:30 PM
Bring your lunch and join us to hear Dr. Marcia Drew Hohn, Director of The Immigrant Learning Center’s Public Education Institute, paint a compelling picture of these entrepreneurs as job creators and engines for economic and social growth in Massachusetts. She will speak based on a decade of research and eight reports by the Institute, which document immigrants’ roles in neighborhood revitalization, biotechnology, hospitality businesses as well as their work in the mid to high growth sectors of transportation, food and manufacturing and building services.
Dr. Hohn will interweave statistics and stories from the reports to paint a vivid picture of the contributions of these entrepreneurs to the economic vitality of the Commonwealth. She will introduce you to some of the faces behind the stories including:
- Malee Thai, Pailin City, Lowell
- Julia Silverio, Silverio Insurance, Lawrence
- Larry Dossantos, 912 Auto, Dorchester
- Amar Sawheny, Ocular Therapeutix, Woburn and
- Klara Sotonova, Klara’s Gourmet Cookies, the Berkshires.
Print copies of the reports will be available to attendees.
To register, please go to http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/GHQPVYX
You may also register by calling the Reference Department at 617-727-2590 or by emailing to Reference.Department@state.ma.us
December’s Brown Bag will be the following:
Dr. Beryl Rosenthal, Executive Director, The Waterworks Museum, The History of Water in Massachusetts |
|29 June 2010||Share this article|
Anthology of deep-sea squids
Squids are some of the most fascinating and diverse deep-sea animals. In this collection of short video clips, MBARI biologists highlight some of their favorite video clips of deep-sea squids. These squids were videotaped at depths ranging from 300 to 1,000 meters (about 1,000 to 3,300 feet) below the ocean surface.
These squids are all predators, but they hunt different types of prey and use different strategies to catch their prey. Fast-moving squids, such as the Humboldt squid and market squid, are active predators, which chase down mobile prey such as fish or shrimp. Other squids, such as the Black-eyed squid, are "sit-and-wait predators," which hang motionless in the water, waiting for prey to swim past.
In the upper right-hand corner of each video clip is a letter that indicates what species of squid in the clip. Here's a key to the different species and what we think they might be doing:
|Key||Common name||Scientific name||Activity|
|A||Black-eyed Squid||Gonatus onyx||Waiting for prey|
|B||Humboldt Squid||Doscidicus gigas||Hunting, inking|
|C||Swordtail Squid||Chiroteuthis calyx||Fishing|
|D||Market Squid||Doryteuthis opalescens||Schooling|
|E||Cockatoo Squid||Galiteuthis phyllura||Releasing ink|
|F||Swordtail Squid||Chiroteuthis calyx||Spreading tentacles|
|G||Octopus Squid||Octopoteuthis deletron||Swimming|
|H||Piglet Squid||Heliocranchia sp||Swimming|
|I||Swordtail Squid||Chiroteuthis calyx||Swimming|
For more information on these squids, see this page hosted by the Monterey Bay Aquarium.
For more great videos from MBARI, check out the MBARI YouTube Channel! |
By its nature, critical care medicine encompasses many disciplines and pathophysiologic derangement of multiple organ systems. Fellows are expected to gain experience in the diagnosis and management of the following: cardiac diseases, endocrine disorders, environmental exposures, ethical issues, gastrointestinal diseases, hematologic disorders, infectious diseases, neurologic disorders, enteral and parenteral nutrition, pulmonary diseases, renal diseases, rheumatologic disorders, and substance abuse including drug withdrawal and overdose syndromes, geriatric critical care issues and delivering unwelcome news in the ICU. Trainees will also become competent in the diagnosis and management of common presentations of many critical illnesses. In addition, subspecialty trainees are expected to develop competence in procedures essential to the diagnosis and management of ICU patients including indications, contraindications, complications, performance, and interpretation of results. Fundamental procedural competence should include: advanced cardiac life support; arterial blood gas sampling and interpretation; bronchoscopy; chest tube thoracostomy; endotracheal intubation and airway management; oximetry monitoring; pulmonary artery catheterization; radiology including plain films, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance, and interventional radiographic techniques; vascular (arterial and venous) access placement, and ventilator management.
Fellows must be able to investigate and evaluate their patient care practices, appraise and assimilate scientific evidence, and improve their patient care practices in an environment that allows for innovative solutions without placing patients in harm’s way. The application of clinical knowledge and the development of skills to diagnose successfully and treat patients effectively require deliberate and meaningful practice in a controlled environment.
Effective clinical education which focuses on patient safety, the reduction of medical error, and enhanced healthcare quality have become major public policy issues and so the “see one, do one, teach one” practice of medicine is out of favor. Simulation is a proven and effective tool for training, performance evaluation and research. It also enhances complex communication skills and the ability to work in high-performing teams to enhance patient care and patient safety.
The Critical Care program has access to state-of-the-art simulation opportunities through the Center for Experiential Learning and Assessment (CELA), whose mission is to support the education mission of the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Critical Care Faculty members working with the Center are committed to developing standardized Critical Care Crisis Resource Management (CRM) scenarios to evaluate the fellow’s knowledge base, communication skills and practice. Simulation curricula can be specified and scheduled in advance when it makes the most sense in the continuum of training, rather than leaving it to the chance occurrence of learning during routine patient care.
CRMs will span many common critical care scenarios from ethics to sepsis and will include team-building exercises. The CRMs will be supervised by the critical care faculty and the fellow’s performance will be evaluated by the supervising faculty. After the debriefing, the scenario will be evaluated by the fellow and program improvements will be ongoing as the process matures.
Additional teaching occurs through the didactic series of lectures associated with the CRM scenario under evaluation. Finally, fellows are expected to augment the above curricula by independent reading. In addition to complementing the more organized components of the program, this commitment to self-study and acquisition of new knowledge is considered integral to achievement and maintenance of expertise in Critical Care Medicine.
A standardized electronic grading tool will be used to evaluate the fellows and for the fellows to evaluate the program.
Examples of Core Competencies in Simulation Training |
My 2 year old has had a rash on her cheeks and earlobes for almost 3 weeks now. The rash is bright red maybe even purple looking and it was bumpy and now it is kind of starting to smooth out (still has bumps though). When you press on it, it does not turn white it stays the same color. The rash did not connect before and now some of the bumps and marks are connecting. We have gone to the doctor and tried topical creams for exzema (eczema) and rosesea. We have also tried giving her allergy medicine. There has also been bloodwork taken for heart disease, vasculitis, and one other disease and they have come back negative. My doctor does not have any idea what this is and has actually never seen a rash where it is on the cheeks and then the earlobes. She has referred us to a dermatologist, but we cannot get in for three months. The rash does not seem to itch her or hurt her in any way, it just looks pretty bad. I have a picture of it if I can send it to you. Please let me know of any other information that you might need about this rash. It is killing me not being able to get rid of this for her. People are really starting to look at her like she does have a disease and it is really hard on both of us. Thank you for your help.
I'm afraid I can't shed much additional light on this rash sight unseen. Chances are that even the dermatologist who sees her will need to consider ordering tests such as blood work. Perhaps you can save some time by asking your pediatrician to consider ordering ESR and ANA blood tests, because those might help clarify the diagnosis and make the dermatologist's examination more fruitful. Also, perhaps the pediatrician can make some calls to get you in sooner, or elsewhere.
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Definition of Excisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy: A biopsy in which an entire lesion is removed. A excisional biopsy is in contrast to an incisional biopsy in which only a sample of tissue is cut from a mass (incised) and removed.
Last Editorial Review: 9/20/2012
Back to MedTerms online medical dictionary A-Z List
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The book's Sherlock Holmes moment comes near the end. Seeking to explain why McCandless grew sick and died so suddenly, Krakauer hypothesized that he'd unintentionally poisoned himself. To supplement his fortunes shooting squirrels, porcupines, and woodpeckers, McCandless had been eating the seeds of the wild potato, a native plant whose roots have provided food for the Athabascan people for centuries. Weakened and near death, McCandless had written "Fault of pot. seed" in his journal. The plant was not thought to be toxic, but, acting on a hunch, Krakauer sent some seeds found near the bus to the University of Alaska at Fairbanks for analysis. Initial results indicated the presence of a toxic alkaloid, one that Krakauer made much of, claiming that perhaps "McCandless wasn't quite as reckless or incompetent as he was made out to be." It was a small but crucial mistake. As Krakauer presented it, McCandless had been poisoned by a toxin that prevented his body from absorbing nutrients, leading to his starvation.
But the book was published before the seeds' testing was completed by Dr. Thomas Clausen, the chair of the chemistry and biochemistry department at UAF. "I was hoping it was true," says Clausen, in his lab on campus. "It would have made a good story. But the scientific results worked against my biases. I tore that plant apart. There were no toxins. No alkaloids. I'd eat it myself."
Of course, this flies in the face of the McCandless that the public has embraced, and Krakauer's take has survived subsequent reprintings of the book. Now a version of his theory has made its way on-screen. In Penn's telling McCandless is poisoned by mistaking wild potato for a similar plant, wild sweet pea, though according to Clausen's research that plant is equally harmless. Brent Keith, my guide, suggests it was poisoned mushrooms, or giardiasis from drinking untreated water.
There's additional evidence McCandless needn't have wasted away. In July, a month before his death, he attempted to hike out of the bush, only to be turned away trying to cross the Teklanika. He failed to anticipate the change in water levels as the summer progressed and snowmelt increased. But as Krakauer noted – and a 9,000-word piece by Chip Brown in a February 1993 'New Yorker' made clear – had McCandless searched a bit farther downstream he would have discovered a manual tram over the river less than a mile from where he tried to cross, a detail missing from the film. The tragic truth may be that he didn't find a way out of the bush, couldn't catch enough food to survive, and simply starved to death. But no one will ever know the truth. |
Preseptal cellulitis (periorbital cellulitis) is infection of the eyelid and surrounding skin anterior to the orbital septum. Orbital cellulitis (postseptal cellulitis) is infection of the orbital tissues posterior to the orbital septum. Either can be caused by an external focus of infection (eg, a wound), infection that extends from the nasal sinuses or teeth, or metastatic spread from infection elsewhere. Symptoms include eyelid pain, discoloration, and swelling; orbital cellulitis also causes fever, malaise, proptosis, impaired ocular movement, and impaired vision. Diagnosis is based on history, examination, and CT or MRI. Treatment is with antibiotics and sometimes surgical drainage.
Preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis are 2 distinct diseases that share a few clinical symptoms and signs. Preseptal cellulitis usually begins superficial to the orbital septum. Orbital cellulitis usually begins deep to the orbital septum. Both are more common among children; preseptal cellulitis is far more common than orbital cellulitis.
Preseptal cellulitis is usually caused by contiguous spread of infection from local facial or eyelid injuries, insect or animal bites, conjunctivitis, chalazion, or sinusitis.
Orbital cellulitis is most often caused by extension of infection from adjacent sinuses, especially the ethmoid sinus (75 to 90%); it is less commonly caused by direct infection accompanying local trauma (eg, insect or animal bite, penetrating eyelid injuries) or contiguous spread of infection from the face or teeth or by hematogenous spread.
Pathogens vary by etiology and patient age. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent pathogen associated with sinus infection, whereas Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes predominate when infection arises from local trauma. Haemophilus influenzae type b, once a common cause, is now less common because of widespread vaccination. Fungi are uncommon pathogens, causing orbital cellulitis in diabetic or immunosuppressed patients. Infection in children < 9 yr is typically with a single aerobic organism; with increasing age, particularly age > 15 yr, infection is more typically polymicrobial with mixed aerobic and anaerobic (Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus) infections.
Because orbital cellulitis originates from large adjacent foci of fulminant infection (eg, sinusitis) separated by only a thin bone barrier, orbital infection can be extensive and severe. Subperiosteal fluid collections, some quite large, can accumulate; they are called subperiosteal abscesses, but many are sterile initially.
Complications include vision loss (3 to 11%) due to ischemic retinopathy and optic neuropathy caused by increased intraorbital pressure; restricted ocular movements (ophthalmoplegia) caused by soft-tissue inflammation; and intracranial sequelae from central spread of infection, including cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and cerebral abscess.
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs of preseptal cellulitis include tenderness, swelling, warmth, redness or discoloration (violaceous in the case of H. influenzae) of the eyelid, and sometimes fever. Patients may be unable to open their eyes because of eyelid swelling. The swelling and discomfort can make it difficult to examine the eye, but when accomplished, examination shows that visual acuity is not affected, ocular movement is intact, and the globe is not pushed forward (proptosis).
Symptoms and signs of orbital cellulitis include swelling and redness of the eyelid and surrounding soft tissues, conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis, decreased ocular motility, pain with eye movements, decreased visual acuity, and proptosis caused by orbital swelling. Signs of the primary infection are also often present (eg, nasal discharge and bleeding with sinusitis, periodontal pain and swelling with abscess). Fever is usually present. Headache and lethargy should raise suspicion of associated meningitis. Some or all of these findings may be absent early in the course of the infection.
Subperiosteal abscesses, if large enough, can contribute to symptoms of orbital cellulitis such as swelling and redness of the eyelid, decreased ocular motility, proptosis, and decreased visual acuity.
Diagnosis is suspected clinically. Other disorders to consider include trauma, insect or animal bites without cellulitis, retained foreign bodies, allergic reactions, tumors, and inflammatory orbital pseudotumor.
Eyelid swelling may require the use of lid retractors for evaluation of the globe, and initial signs of complicated infection may be subtle. An ophthalmologist should be consulted when orbital cellulitis is suspected.
Preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis are often distinguishable clinically. Preseptal cellulitis is likely if eye findings are normal except for eyelid swelling. The presence of a local nidus of infection on the skin makes preseptal cellulitis even more likely.
If findings are equivocal, if the examination is difficult (as in young children), or if nasal discharge is present (suggesting sinusitis), CT or MRI should be done to exclude orbital cellulitis, tumor, and pseudotumor. MRI is better than CT if cavernous sinus thrombosis is being considered.
The direction of proptosis may be a clue to the site of infection; eg, extension from the frontal sinus pushes the globe down and out, and extension from the ethmoid sinus pushes the globe laterally and out.
Blood cultures are often done (ideally before beginning antibiotics) in patients with orbital cellulitis but are positive in less than one third. Lumbar puncture (see Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)) is done if meningitis is suspected. Cultures of the paranasal sinus fluid are done if sinusitis is the suspected source. Other laboratory tests are not particularly helpful.
Initial therapy should be directed against sinusitis pathogens (S. pneumoniae, nontypeable H. influenzae,S. aureus,Moraxella catarrhalis); however, in areas where methicillin-resistant S. aureus is prevalent, clinicians should add appropriate antibiotics (eg, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, or doxycycline for oral treatment and vancomycin for inpatient treatment). In patients with dirty wounds, gram-negative infection must be considered.
Outpatient treatment is an option if orbital cellulitis has been definitively excluded; children should have no signs of systemic infection and should be in the care of responsible parents or guardians. Patients should be closely followed by an ophthalmologist. Outpatient treatment options include amoxicillin/clavulanate 30 mg/kg po q 8 h (for children < 12 yr) or 500 mg po tid or 875 mg po bid (for adults) for 10 days.
For inpatients, ampicillin/sulbactam 50 mg/kg IV q 6 h (for children) or 1.5 to 3 g (for adults) IV q 6 h (maximum 8 g ampicillin/day) for 7 days is an option.
Patients with orbital cellulitis should be hospitalized and treated with meningitis-dose antibiotics (see Table 7: Common IV Antibiotic Dosages for Acute Bacterial Meningitis*.) A 2nd- or 3rd-generation cephalosporin, such as cefotaxime 50 mg/kg IV q 6 h (for children < 12 yr) or 1 to 2 g IV q 6 h (for adults) for 14 days, is an option when sinusitis is present; imipenem, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin/tazobactam are other options. If cellulitis is related to trauma or foreign body, treatment should cover gram-positive (vancomycin 1 g IV q 12 h) and gram-negative (eg, ertapenem 100 mg IV once/day) pathogens and be taken for 7 to 10 days or until clinical improvement.
Surgery to decompress the orbit, drain an abscess, open infected sinuses, or a combination is indicated in any of the following circumstances:
Last full review/revision April 2014 by James Garrity, MD
Content last modified April 2014 |
What is Family Connections?
Family Connections is a team of nurses, social workers and early childhood educators who offer resources and programs for pregnant and parenting families in North Iowa. We provide comprehensive home visits for residents of Cerro Gordo, Hancock and Worth counties as well as parent education classes available for individuals in all counties. We are a listening ear and a helping hand.
Spring 2014 Newsletter
Who We Serve:
As a part of Mercy Medical Center – North Iowa's Birth Center and Pediatric Unit, we are here to help you before and after your delivery; all the way until your children are five years old, if needed. You may enroll in our program at any time during your pregnancy or your children's first five years.
How WE can help YOU:
For Pregnant Families
- Prenatal Care and education for healthy pregnancies; physical changes and discomfort; emotional needs; fetal growth and development education.
- Parenting and child development classes on various topics.
- Postpartum depression support.
For Parenting Families
- Child Development Education at each milestone.
- Ages & Stages screenings 0 – 5 year old for gross and fine motor skills, language development and problem solving.
- Community Closet for families including formula, bottles, diapers and clothing.
- Support for single, teen and first time parenting.
- Assistance with sibling rivalry, bed time routines, stress management and behavior management.
How You Can Help Us:
Family Connections has been serving families in North Iowa for the past 18 years and is completely funded by grants and donations. Please help us continue to serve North Iowa families for many years to come.
- Donate to our Community Closet. We are in need of: unopened bottles of formula; new bottles; gently used clothing size newborn to 5T; diapers and baby wipes; baby blankets and education toys
- Monetary donations
- Participate in our fundraising events
- Host a drive to collect needed items on our wish list
- Donate your time and talents; i.e. sewing/crocheting blankets, hats, booties, etc.
- Tell your friends and family about our services.
What People Are Saying About Us:
"As a RN in the Birth Center, I see Family Connections as an important part of ensuring our new babies are transitioning home with parents who are ready to parent. My only wish is that more families used this program....it offers great opportunities for families to learn how to care for their children so they have the best possible start."
-Karen Christensen-Saleh, RN
"I can honestly say, if I didn't have Family Connections to support me during my son's first 3 years, I would not have been a successful parent. Family Connections taught me parenting is an honor and how lucky I am to be a mother. I learned how to nurture my son and gain confidence in myself."
Visit us on Facebook and Pinterest
To receive more information, contact:
Sydney Crippen, Family Connections Coordinator
641-428-2525 or 1-800-433-3883 ext. 82525 |
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