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Jellyfish are one of the animals that many people fear on holiday to the beach, as jellyfish are known to have nasty stings. However, actually How Fast Can a Jellyfish Run: Fact and Information. They have some unique characteristics in their history and life cycle.
What do you know about jellyfish?
Bionic jellyfish are good at monitoring climate change in the oceans, how do he swim and moving. Do jellyfish really swim? Yes because it is the fastest animal and do not die, it also has an STFC jellyfish crew.
What group of animals is the jellyfish?
Jellyfish are a common term for a group of invertebrate animals from the phylum Cnidaria that is umbrella-shaped and has tentacles. There are so many types of jellyfish.
Can a jellyfish kill you?
The sting of a particular box jellyfish can kill a person in a few minutes. Other box jellyfish stings can cause death within 4 to 48 hours after being stung due to “Irukandji syndrome”. This is a delayed reaction to the sting.
How fast can a jellyfish move?
Usually, jellyfish swim at a speed of about Approx 2 cm/second. Although they can move faster, it does not help them in ensnaring their prey, their typical reason for using the “swimming” movement is waving the tentacles.
What jellyfish are the fastest?
Box jellyfish are very advanced among others. They have developed the ability to move rather than just drift, flying at speeds of up to four knots through the water.
How Fast Can a Jellyfish Run?
Speed of jellyfish stings
A Ferrari accelerates from 0-60 mph in 3 seconds. That’s 3 g. Jellyfish stinging cells ignite at an acceleration of 5 million g. It only takes 700 seconds for the sting to reach its target.
To make sure the weight of the jellyfish you can find out in the “weight of average jellyfish“? this will explain more details.
Don’t Be Underestimated, Here Are the World’s Most Dangerous Jellyfish Types
You must have heard the news about jellyfish attacks in certain seasons. Yes, most jellyfish do have stinging tentacles to survive. Plus, because of its color that tends to be transparent and blend with water, the presence of jellyfish is often unnoticed.
Although most jellyfish stings are harmless, certain types have dangerous and even deadly stings. Here are the names:
Sea nettle or Chrysaora fuscescens has long, thin tentacles, and is commonly found in the Chesapeake Bay area off the East Coast of the United States. According to researchers, the phenomenon of sea nettle breeding is common and dangerous.
It has 24 tentacles that can reach as far as 6 feet in length. The sting is also quite toxic which causes excruciating pain, but fortunately, this jellyfish rarely takes a fatality.
Some species of animals use sea nettle as transportation to the beach and will sometimes eat pieces of sea nettle as a snack during the trip.
This jellyfish species is known as the largest of the other types of jellyfish. Its habitat range spans the North Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean, to the Arctic Ocean. It has a diameter of 6 feet over 7 inches, with the largest length ever recorded being 120 feet. The length of the tentacles of this jellyfish can reach 100 feet and is used for predation.
These jellyfish often swim in large groups, and according to researchers, stings from a jellyfish can cause severe pain and even allergies due to its protein-based toxins.
Cannonball jellyfish or the scientific name Stomolophus Meleagris has a characteristic shape that is round like a cannon. It is recorded as living in the mid-west Atlantic Ocean and the east-central and northwestern Pacific Oceans.
The main food of this type of jellyfish is zooplankton. Cannon jellyfish are poison-producing, and their stings can cause mild heart disease in humans.
Its small size of about 0.2 inches and transparent color sometimes make Irukandji jellyfish difficult to avoid. Irukandji belongs to the box jellyfish family known as one of the most poisonous animals on the planet.
Irukandji venom is 100 stronger than cobras, both tentacles and bells of this jellyfish can sting. A single sting from Irukandji can be treated, but repeated stings from these jellyfish are almost certainly deadly.
Symptoms of Irukandji jellyfish stings include severe muscle cramps, pain in the kidneys and back, burning sensation, headaches, and vomiting.
Living off the coasts of Darwin and North Queensland, the box jellyfish is one of Australia’s most powerful singers and is responsible for 70 deaths in the country by wrapping their victims around with 3 meters long tentacles. These transparent jellyfish attacks are most common during the summer months and recorded deaths occur between October and May.
Box jellyfish inject toxins through small receptors along the tentacles, so the severity of the sting is related to the number of tentacles touching the skin. In addition to being very painful, the poison attacks the muscles around the lungs and heart, which if left untreated can lead to death.
How Does a Jellyfish Sting Work?
A poisonous stinging device in jellyfish is referred to as nematodes. This organ is present in a special cell called cnida. Nemesis is used by jellyfish to catch prey and protect themselves from predators. There are also several species of jellyfish that use their nematodes to be able to stick to the bottom of the water.
Nematosis can still be active a few days after the jellyfish die. So, if you find a jellyfish stranded on the beach do not touch it even if it is dead.
From the results of the study Box jellyfish Species Chironex fleckeri including the most dangerous type of jellyfish due to the very high level of toxins and very high pain and fatality.
If you experience a jellyfish sting, there is some first aid that can be given. First, the victim must be quickly brought ashore. Next, do non-activation of nematosis by watering it using kitchen vinegar and leave for at least 30 seconds.
Because the results show kitchen vinegar is the most efficient to disable this nematosis.
Things to keep in mind, if exposed to jellyfish stings
Never flush the sting wounds of jellyfish using alcohol, urine, seawater, or freshwater, because it can aggravate the wound. The next step is to seek medical help immediately so that the victim can get further help as soon as possible.
Interesting Facts Jellyfish, Ancient Animals to Have Been to Space
Ancient animal jellyfish have no bones, so the fossils are difficult for researchers to obtain. Nevertheless, scientists have evidence that this creature drifted in the world’s oceans for at least 500 million years.
It was likely that the lineage of the jellyfish was more than 700 years earlier, and that was roughly 3 times the age of the first dinosaurs. That is, jellyfish existed hundreds of millions of years before dinosaurs.
Can survive with changing seawater pH
Jellyfish continue to thrive in oceans whose ecosystems are disrupted by ocean heat waves, increased sea acid levels, overfishing, and various other human actions.
Uniquely for jellyfish, human activity has made them feel more at home. While corals, oysters, and any marine organisms that will be vulnerable to being affected even die from increasingly acidic ocean levels. Although, this does not mean that the jellyfish are immune.
Jellyfish are not fish
Clearly of the visible stature of the jellyfish, it is not a species of fish. Jellyfish belong to the agar-agar zooplankton or invertebrates of the cnidarian phylum. Taxonomically, jellyfish have a very diverse variety.
98% water, no brain, and liver
It has been said before that jellyfish are considered better at surviving the effects of changes occurring in the oceans. Well, maybe you’ve seen the movement or the way jellyfish swim in the water?
Jellyfish tend to easily blend in with their surroundings and follow gentle waves from ocean currents. That’s because his body consists of 98% water.
When you try to get the jellyfish out of the water and put them on land, then within a few hours the jellyfish disappear after their bodies evaporate into the air. They have a rudimentary nervous system.
Loose neural networks located in the epidermis are called neural networks, but there is no brain and liver. As well, the structure of their bodies is so thin that they can be oxygenated only by diffusion.
Some types of jellyfish have eyes
Some species of jellyfish have very complex visions. Like a type of box jellyfish that has 24 eyes, two of them can see color.
It is also believed that there are jellyfish with intricate visual sensors so that they can see with a full 360-degree view of the surrounding environment.
Some types may be timeless
At least one unique species of jellyfish namely Turritopsis nutricula may never actually die. When threatened, the species can undergo “cellular transience” which is a process in which the cells of the organism in its body become newly returned.
Defecate where they eat
What do you think? This is the uniqueness of jellyfish. They have only one hole whose function is as the mouth and anus.
The deadliest creature on Earth
All jellyfish have nematocyst or stinging structures, with sting strength varying depending on the breed. The world’s most venomous jellyfish are box jellyfish, capable of killing adult humans with just one sting in a few minutes.
In each box jellyfish, the poison can kill more than 60 humans. People who are stung will experience very painful pain. However, Australian researchers have developed a potential antidote to box jellyfish stings.
Researchers first began sending jellyfish into space
Aboard the Columbia space shuttle in the early 1990s, to test how they could adapt in a gravityless environment.
This is because humans and jellyfish rely on gravity-sensitive calcium crystals to orient themselves. The crystals are located inside the inner ear in humans and along the lower edges of the fungal-like body of jellyfish.
Therefore, the researchers wanted to study how jellyfish adapt in space to get clues about how they apply to humans.
The smallest species of jellyfish are the genus Staurocladie and Eleutheria, whose tentacles are only 0.5 millimeters in diameter.
In contrast, the type of jellyfish with the longest tentacles in the world is Cyanea capillata. The tentacles extend 120 feet or 36.5 meters. The world’s largest jellyfish by weight is the titanic Nomura jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai, which can dwarf human divers. It can have a diameter of 6.5 feet and weighs up to 199.5 kg. |
We are all susceptible!
It’s Friday Night And You’re Out Having A Blast
Not a care in the world. Just straight ballin’!
Suddenly You Remember That Huge Paper
But You’re Not Worried, Though
It’s only seven pages.
When It’s Due In 6 Days There Is Still Plenty Of Time
So, drink up!
Four Days Later And You Haven’t Even Created A New Document In Word
But Time Is Running Out
But you work best under pressure.
You Realize The Paper Is Due Tomorrow
PANIC sets in.
How Are You Going To Finish!
It’ll take a straight up miracle.
No Matter How Hard You Work, Nothing Makes Sense
Wait what am I SAYING? Are these even words?
Writer’s Block Sets In
Tears of pain.
The Clock Is Ticking
Maybe you can ask for an extension??
Because This Is Just Too Hard!
Why didn’t you major in something easy like everyone else?
There’s Only One Way Out
If you take a quick 3 hour nap you can wake up and really pound this thing out.
6 Hours Later, You Get A Brilliant Idea
Your thesis finally comes to you!
It Is So Good
You’re definitely getting an A!
Seriously Though, This Thesis Is EPIC
You can hardly believe your own brilliance. Where on earth does it come from?
With This New Sense Of Purpose And A Few Hours To Go, You Work Hard
You even turn off Gchat.
Because Focus Is Key!
You’re on fire/Adderall and avoid all contact with the outside world. Things are starting to look good.
You Need Focus Because You Wouldn’t Want To Go Off Course
Especially not with such little time left!
Always Keep A Few Snacks Nearby
Because you’re going to need fuel. But only grab snack foods like chips, fruit snacks and crackers — just until you finish this last little part.
Wow — There It Is. You’re Done!
You can’t believe you did it!
You should feel proud! Even if you turned the paper in at 11:58 p.m. At least it’s in, amirite? |
Trauma Counseling in Tucson (East), AZ—Trauma Counselors and Therapists
Any event that threatens the integrity of your life or body can subject you to traumatic stress. This is a normal reaction, which helps your mind and body to adapt to protect you by preparing you to react to the threat by fighting or fleeing.
Traumatic stress can be caused by single incidents such as car accident, rape, being a victim of a natural disaster, illness, witnessing a terror attack or robbery, and physical and emotional abuse. The severity of trauma tends to vary from individual to individual.
Trauma Counselors at Thriveworks Tucson East can help you identify and address any feelings and emotions you may be experiencing following a traumatic event of any size or intensity. Book online or call for an appointment today at (520) 827-6372.
How Do I Know If I Need Trauma Counseling?
If you’ve been a victim of a traumatic event such as rape, car accident, robbery, terror attack, terror, childhood neglect, divorce, terminal illness, losing a loved one, it is imperative that you understand the symptoms of trauma because you will be able to determine whether you need to seek help.
After a traumatic event, shock and denial are imminent. These reactions may go away, but you may experience long-term reactions such as:
- Feelings of isolation
- Consistent feelings of despair and sadness
- Extreme guilt,
- Avoiding situations associated with the trauma
- Physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, cold sweating, hyper startle response
- Difficulties in concentrating
- Sleep disturbances
- Sexual dysfunctionality
- Loss of appetite
- Feelings of isolation
- Self-destructive behavior including drug and alcohol addiction, and careless driving
These symptoms vary from person to person. In addition, they may manifest one month after the event, or several years after the tragedy. If you have these symptoms and they are affecting your work, relationships, and day-to-day functioning, it is important that you seek psychological support and trauma counseling. Talking to a professional therapist at Thriveworks can help you get your life back on track.
What Should I Expect During Counseling?
Counselors at Thriveworks Tucson East are empathetic, compassionate and caring. They have strong listening skills, and they work with people from diverse backgrounds.
Thriveworks Tucson East therapists understand the principles of trauma. They utilize helpful, practical, and evidence based interventions to trauma. Your trauma counselor will give you an opportunity to share your experience or struggles in a non-judgmental space. They will evaluate your situation so that they can not only understand how the trauma has affected you, but also work with you to decide the best treatment option for you.
Your Thriveworks Tucson East counselor will help you process any difficult emotions you may have regarding the traumatic experience. Therapy sessions will equip you with skills to help you cope with the pain, anxiety, depression, and any other negative effects of the trauma that may prevent you from healthy engagement with friends and family or with life itself.
You will be able to look back at your experience without feeling guilty or ashamed. The aim of trauma therapy sessions at Thriveworks Tucson East is to help you regulate your emotions, understand your past, and move through the trauma to live a more fulfilling life.
What Treatment Modalities Do Therapists at Thriveworks Implement?
Therapists at Thriveworks Tucson East rely on evidence-based therapy models. In addition, trauma counselors at Thriveworks understand that trauma counseling is not a one size-fits all approach.
Therefore, your trauma therapist will adapt the best treatment modality for your symptoms, which may be one of the below:
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Exposure therapy or Vivo exposure therapy
- Psychodynamic or talk therapy
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
How Do I Schedule an Appointment at Thriveworks Tucson East?
At Thriveworks Tucson East, we help trauma survivors reduce the pain, anxiety, stress, depression, anger, social isolation, panic attacks, guilt and other negative effects associated with a specific traumatic experience. If you are struggling with the above feelings, working with a counselor at Thriveworks Tucson East will equip you with skills that will not only help you understand your trauma, but also effectively work through it.
You can schedule an appointment with a counselor or therapist at Thriveworks Tucson East by booking online or contacting us at (520) 827-6372. We accept various insurance plans. We offer early, late and weekend appointments to best serve your availability. |
When most parents take their kids to gymnastics, they are cheering from the sidelines. Not Nicole Clemens. This mom was happy watching her 14-year old daughter learn tumbling, but didn’t want her to have all the fun, especially when Clemens herself had always wanted to learn to fly. So while her daughter learned, so did she. Now, Clemens, has shared a video documenting her success in perfecting her own round-off back layout and it is the perfect motivational tool.
Clemens posted a video of herself and her impressive tumbling on Twitter, which, according to Buzzfeed, was captured on camera by her daughter. While throwing herself head over heels down a gymnastics mat was a fearless move, so was sharing the video, which Clemens recognized in her caption, “In the spirit of being freaking proud of myself and also knowing I’m about to be fat shamed on the Internet, I present to you me, a 38 year old mom and teacher, doing a thing I was afraid to do when I was a 14 year old gymnast.”
While Clemens was concerned about being “fat shamed” by strangers on the internet, for the most part, Twitter turned into an online cheering section for her and excited to see someone face a fear and live their dream. People across the social media site applauded Clemens for her impressive ability to throw herself through the air on her own power.
Even Oscar-winning actress Patricia Arquette was impressed by Clemens smooth moves, tweeting “That’s rad!!” and, indeed, it is. |
A man once decided to go and find Fate.
On his way, he met a wolf, who told him that his teeth hurt and wondered if he could ask Fate for a remedy.
Then he chanced upon a large crowd of hungry people. They told him that they didn’t have anything to eat, because each harvest they found their crops rotting in the root. They wanted to know the cause for their misfortune.
Finally, he met a king, who wanted to know the reason behind his endless military failures.
At last, the man met Fate.
First of all, he asked her about the wolf’s problem.
– Tell him to eat an ass’s brain. He’ll heal right away.
Then he asked how to help the hungry. Fate replied:
– Just tell them to dig through their fields; they will never be hungry again.
As for the king, Fate advised that he needs to put a good commander at the head of his army, instead of leading the army himself.
Finally, the man asked where he can find his own destiny.
– You will meet your happiness on your way home. But be careful – lest you’re going to miss it.
On the way back, the man first went to the king, who, in return for the advice, gladly offered his daughter to be his wife. The man, however, refused: he was in a hurry to find his own happiness.
He went to the hungry. They dug out their fields and found an immense amount of gold and silver buried under the earth. They offered the man to share their newfound wealth with them, but the man refused. He said he was trying to find his own happiness.
Finally, he went to the sick wolf, and relayed to him the advice Fate shared with him, telling him everything that had happened to him on his way back.
The wolf thought a bit about the advice and the things the man did, and realized that he will never find a bigger ass than the man as long as he’s living. So, he ate the man, and his teeth suddenly stopped aching.
- You will find your happiness along the way. But, be careful not to miss it. |
PHE Story Cards
These PHE story cards have been designed to be used as an integrated PHE community outreach tool by community health agents and/or the community-based staff of environmental organisations. The cards can serve as a visual aid for facilitating small group storytelling and discussion sessions in both marine and terrestrial contexts, with the aim of enabling communities to express and explore their understanding of PHE linkages. It’s hoped that this tool will be effective in fostering critical thinking among community members, leading to the development of health-promoting and environmentally-friendly social norms. The cards are accompanied by a short facilitation guide, which will be elaborated as feedback is received from initial users. |
And, once again, India was the obvious place to start. In the 1830s, the first tea estates were established in the Indian state of Assam, using tea plants brought from China.
How did tea originate in India?
Robert Kyd experimented with tea cultivation in India with seeds from a consignment stated to have arrived from China. … Robert Bruce discovered tea plants growing wild in the Upper Brahmaputra Valley. In May 1823. the first Indian tea from Assam was sent to England for public sale.
How did tea get from China to India?
Commercial production of tea was first introduced into India by the British, in an attempt to break the Chinese monopoly on tea. The British, using Chinese seeds, plus Chinese planting and cultivating techniques, launched a tea industry by offering land in Assam to any European who agreed to cultivate tea for export.
Which city is known as tea city of India?
|Nickname(s): Tea City Of India|
|Dibrugarh Location in Assam, India Show map of Assam Show map of India Show all|
|Coordinates:27.48°N 95°ECoordinates:27.48°N 95°E|
Who is the father of tea?
Lu Yu because of his book, “Tea Classic” is considered to be the “Father of Tea” in Chinese history. When he was a young boy, he was abandoned and Chi Chan, abbot of the Dragon Cloud Zen Monastery, adopted him.
Who had tea first China or India?
Indeed it was the popularity of another commodity – itself first refined in India – that would get the world hooked on tea. The Chinese had been drinking tea for millennia and tea was one of the first new goods Dutch merchants brought back from their trips to the Far East way back at the beginning of the 17th century. |
One great fear is blocking public support for climate protection: The fear that protecting the planet will destroy millions of jobs.
Without a bold program to protect workers from the effects of climate protection, the struggle against global warming can all too easily come to be perceived as a struggle against American workers.
Climate protection advocates have often addressed the threat of possible job losses by pointing out that a transition to green energy would create far more jobs than it would eliminate. While that may be true, it also misses the point. The fact that some people get new jobs provides little solace for the individuals and communities who have lost theirs. They must be protected.
The Great Fear
Fear of job loss is the centerpiece of the campaign against climate protection legislation.
According to the Web site of the anti-climate protection coalition Energy Citizens, “This legislation will cost more than 2 million American jobs – hurting millions of Americans who work in or depend on trucking, farming, manufacturing, mining, small business and energy production – or use their cars to commute to work.” The US Chamber of Commerce, Senator Sam Brownback and local “tea party” protests have similarly made job loss the central argument against climate legislation.
Unless climate protection advocates effectively address these fears, both they and the legislation they support risk a devastating backlash from Americans afraid of losing their jobs.
Recognizing Reality: Some Jobs Will Be Lost
Studies indicate that over the long run climate protection will have limited effect on the total number of jobs in the United States: Jobs gained will more or less compensate for jobs lost. Some studies indicate that, overall, jobs will actually be gained because green jobs are more labor-intensive than those they replace. For example, an analysis by the Union of Concerned Scientists found that 185,000 new jobs would be created by 2020 if utilities generate an average of 20 percent of their electricity from renewable sources.
While the employment effects of climate protection legislation are likely to be neutral or positive, they may be considerably greater in industries that make or use products with high carbon footprints. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) analysis of the House climate bill, for example, says it will probably have “only a small effect on total employment in the long run.” However, “The small effect on overall employment would mask a significant shift in the composition of employment over time.”
“A cap-and-trade program for carbon dioxide emissions would reduce the number of jobs in industries that produce carbon-based energy, use energy in their production process or produce products whose use involves energy consumption, because those industries would experience the greatest increases in costs and declines in sales,” the analysis says.
Studies vary regarding how many jobs might shift as a result of climate change legislation from hundreds of thousands to several million, depending on the year. While this is a small proportion of American jobs, the CBO notes that, “The process of shifting employment can have substantial costs for the workers, families and communities involved.” Of workers who were unemployed during 2003, almost half left the labor force altogether rather than finding another job. Even those who eventually find new jobs may lose twenty percent of their lifetime income. Such effects are likely to be far greater in today’s high-unemployment economy.
What’s Wrong With Proposed Legislation?
Proposed climate legislation includes provisions designed to ameliorate the negative employment effects of climate protection. These programs are to be paid for from the auction of carbon emission allowances.
Industry subsidies: Much of the strategy for such amelioration lies in providing subsidies to particular industries – notably petroleum refiners and trade-exposed, energy-intensive industries. In its summary of the bill, the Senate Committee maintains that the Act “doesn’t just create jobs for the future – it also protects existing jobs in the manufacturing sector as our economy transforms” by providing “support for energy-intensive, trade-exposed industries like chemicals to ensure that US manufacturing remains competitive in the new energy economy.”
As the CBO points out, this “dampens the reallocation of output and employment to industries that produce fewer carbon emissions,” counteracting the bill’s basic purpose of carbon reduction.
This approach has another problem. There is no guarantee that the subsidies will actually be used to maintain or increase employment in such firms. On the contrary, the availability of funds for investment is often used to introduce new employment-reducing technology or to close facilities and relocate production elsewhere in other cities, states or countries. The legislation provides no guarantees against such results. It represents a highly uncertain “trickle down” approach to protecting workers’ livelihoods and economic security.
Transition assistance: The proposed legislation also provides “transition assistance” to individual workers displaced by climate protection policies.
The House bill, for example, establishes a Climate Change Worker Adjustment Assistance program which provides eligible impacted workers 70 percent of average weekly wages for 156 weeks, 80 percent of monthly health care premiums, job training assistance, up to $1,500 for job search assistance, up to $1,500 for moving assistance, and employment services. The Senate “Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act” contains similar provisions.
This approach to transition assistance is largely based on the Trade Adjustment Act (TAA) worker assistance model. It provides a small supplement to unemployment and funding for modest job retraining. But many workers and unions despise that approach. In practice, it strings individuals and communities along in marginality without helping them to establish a new, decent life. It typically provides training for jobs that don’t exist in communities that have already been devastated by economic change. TAA-style programs are also notorious for long strings of fine print that end up excluding a large proportion of workers affected by change from the benefits they seem to offer.
The Solution: Fix Climate Legislation to Protect Workers
Protecting and restoring individuals: Workers who lose their jobs because of climate protection policies should receive full wages and benefits for at least three years. They should be eligible for up to four years of education or training, including tuition and living expenses. Those unable to take advantage of such a program because of age or other reasons should be guaranteed decent pensions with health care. The opportunity for individuals to access higher education and advanced training will also mesh with the need for the region to develop new labor force capabilities for the new green economy.
Protecting and restoring communities: The long-term effects of climate protection require compensation not just for individuals but for hard-hit communities. Surprisingly, a useful model here comes from John McCain’s 1988 tobacco bill. It established a Community Revitalization Trust Fund which would provide economic development grants over a twenty-five-year period for:
* Business development and employment-creating activities “to provide a more viable economic base and enhance opportunities for improved incomes, living standards and contributions by rural individuals to the economic and social development communities.”
* Activities that “expand existing infrastructure, facilities and services to capitalize on opportunities to diversify economies in tobacco communities that support the development of new industries or commercial ventures.”
* Initiatives designed to “create or expand locally owned value-added processing and marketing operations in tobacco communities,” and technical assistance.
A move to protect communities potentially threatened by cutbacks in coal production can serve as a way to jumpstart the transition away from coal and other carbon-intensive industries. Eastern Kentucky, West Virginia and the rest of the Appalachian coalfield can be made a model of job-positive transition from coal to renewable energy and conservation. Green jobs can be specifically targeted to the communities that will be affected by coal production to preemptively create local jobs that will provide an alternative source of employment.
Protecting and Restoring Regions
During the Great Depression, a regional economic development program, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), transformed one of America’s poorest regions by means of massive energy development. While 75 years later the TVA itself has become a target of environmental criticism, the principle of regional economic development through development of a new energy source is highly applicable to the Appalachian coalfields today. While the TVA by no means provides a model to follow slavishly today, it does provide an instructive example of a transformative use of new forms of energy as the basis for the construction of a new economy.
A regional economic development program could make synergistic many aspects of a new green economy. For example, renewable energy production and distribution could provide employment, a secure power supply and an economic base for many local communities. And they could also provide stable demand for products that could be manufactured in those communities, thereby providing additional jobs.
A pioneering program to build a new economy in Appalachia based on renewable energy and the economic development it supports can provide an image of the new economy we need to build nationally.
Protecting and restoring retirees: It is outrageous that American workers can have worked hard all their lives, only to discover that their pension and retirement health benefits are threatened due to their employers’ economic adversity or strategy. Climate legislation should guarantee that no worker will lose pension benefits as a result of climate protection measures.
Steps to strengthen worker protections in climate legislation are already under discussion. For example, on November 5, 2009, Senator Bob Casey introduced S. 2742, the American Worker and Community Assistance Act. Co-sponsored by Senator Sherrod Brown, the bill would establish a Climate Change Worker Transition and Community Assistance program to provide targeted help to workers who may be adversely affected by climate legislation. Under it, communities and groups of communities could receive funding to develop a strategic plan for diversifying employment opportunities, environmental remediation projects, and conversion of underutilized facilities for more productive uses. Communities could then apply for grants to implement the plan. Communities with low per-capita incomes, high unemployment and loss of traditional sources of employment would be given preference for support. Commenting on the bill, AFL-CIO President Richard L. Trumka said, “It is essential that workers and communities impacted by climate change policy be provided with the tools to transition into the new clean energy economy and the millions of new jobs that stand to be created.”
Green and Fair
Protecting the climate and protecting workers are not alternatives. Neither will happen without the other.
It is a basic principle of fairness that the burden of policies that are necessary for society – like protecting the earth’s climate – shouldn’t be borne by a small minority who happen to be victimized by their side effects. Unless workers and communities are protected against the unintended effects of climate protection, there is likely to be a backlash that threatens the whole effort to save the planet. The challenge for the architects of climate protection is to craft and implement policies to give such workers confidence that they will be protected as America goes green.
Advocates can use a worker-friendly climate protection policy to take the offensive to turn around the public debate: Not only will the legislation create millions of new green jobs, it will also honor and protect those workers and retirees who have contributed their working lives to meeting our nation’s economic and energy needs.
The alternative – failure to act in time to save our earth’s climate – will lead to natural and economic devastation for our country and the world.
(Footnotes are available in the Labor Network for Sustainability’s recently released White Paper: Climate Legislation Must Provide a Just Transition for Workers. |
Be you, even if no one likes you
If you are satisfied with yourself, that suffices
You are more beautiful when you have confidence in yourself. -Nizar Qabbani
Nizar bin Tawtheeq Al-Qabbani is a contemporary Syrian poet and diplomat, born on March 21, 1923AD, from an ancient Damascene Arab family, and he inherited poetry from his grandfather (Abu Khalil al-Qabbani) and he is one of the pioneers of Arab theater. He studied law at the Syrian University and graduated from it in 1945, then joined the diplomatic corps in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, moving between different capitals, until he retired from diplomatic work in 1966, and settled in Lebanon to devote himself to writing poems, as he founded a publishing house in Beirut, in the name of “Nizar Qabbani’s publications”.
In 1939 AD, Nizar was on a school cruise to Rome, where he wrote his first verses of poetry flirting with the waves and the fish swimming in it, at the age of 16. During his studies of law, he published his first poetry collection, which is a collection (she told me Al-Samra), where he printed it at his own expense. The poems of his first collection sparked controversy in educational circles at the university, and he wrote for him the introduction of the diwan Munir al-Ajlani, who loved the poems and approved them and continued the authoring process And publication, which amounted to 35 divans, the most prominent of which are:
-Drawing with words
And others, and he singled out women in his poetry, and many artists sang from his words, perhaps the most famous of them (Kazem El-Saher) who sang many of his poems such as Zidini Love, Say I Love You, Impossible Love and many others. (Abdel Halim Hafez) also sang his reciter Al-Fenjan, and (Umm Kulthum) sang an urgent message to you. Damascus and Beirut had a special space in his poems, perhaps the most prominent of them: The Damascene poem and The Yast al-Dunya Yapirout.
Qabbani knew many tragedies in his life, the first of which was the suicide of his sister Wisal after her family forced her to marry a man she did not love, and he left a deep impression on himself, and he may have helped formulate his love philosophy later and his concept of a woman’s struggle to achieve herself and her femininity, and after that was the death of his son Tawfiq from His first wife died of heart disease at the age of 17 years, and after her death, his Iraqi wife Belqis, who is his second wife, was killed during a suicide bombing that targeted the Iraqi embassy in Beirut, where she was working. Bilqis left a bad psychological impact on Nizar and inherited her with a famous poem bearing her name, and after her death he settled in London, where he spent The last fifteen years of his life, and he continued to publish his controversial collections and poems during the nineties, including: (When do they announce the death of the Arabs) and (The Jurassic) in 1997.
Qabbani died on April 30, 1998 AD, at the age of 75, in London due to a heart attack, and he had written in his will that he be buried in Damascus, which he described in his will (the womb) who taught me poetry, which taught me creativity, and who taught me the alphabet of Jasmine. |
Did you know that Alabama is in the top five most bio-diverse states in the United States? Alabama is 1st in the U.S. for number of freshwater fish, mussels, snails, crayfish, and turtles! Even more importantly we depend on clean water for our survival, which is not possible without the aquatic ecosystems in our rivers, streams, and creeks! All of these amazing critters help insure we have clean water, so learning how to help them help us is vital to our own survival.
For our Life of a Stream program we introduce concepts associated with stream ecology, freshwater biodiversity, conservation, and biological assessment and how these concepts are important for us. We then explore how scientist monitor our aquatic systems through biological surveys (i.e. we catch some really cool critters).
Students will participate in fish seining and catching macro-invertebrates to assess the health and biodiversity of Turkey Creek. Afterwards we encourage participants to make critical examine what they have found and observed to determine the overall health of the ecosystem.
For pretty obvious reasons, this is by far our most popular program!
Appropriate age group: 3rd grade – College level
Since participants will be conducing aquatic surveys, everyone will be expected to come prepared to enter the water and get wet! Close toed shoes would be preferred, an old pair of tennis shoes or rain boots work well. A change of clothes is also suggested for after the program. |
The fig, which is of great importance both ecologically and culturally from ancient civilizations to the present, is also one of the oldest fruit species grown in the fertile lands of Anatolia. This precious nutrient is consumed as an aid in weight management and has vitamins and minerals, which are known to be beneficial for heart and bone health, thanks to its high fiber content. The Turkish fig, which ranks first in global fig exports, promises to offer your palate elegance with its unique flavor.
Two medium-sized (100 g)
* The Black Fig contains many compounds necessary for human health. The table above shows only widely known and prominent content.
It has benefits in its peel!
Eating the fig by peeling means giving up half the benefits of figs. For a healthier meal, figs should be consumed with their peel. Moreover, when consumed with milk, it helps remove anemia and increases bone density. |
At what age is appropriate for dating?
Eagar advises not allowing single dating before age sixteen. There’s an enormous difference between a fourteen- or fifteen-year- old and a sixteen- or seventeen-year-old in terms of life experience, he says. You might add or subtract a year depending on how mature and responsible your youngster is.
Should 12 year olds be dating?
The general consensus from the group was that 12 seems to be a good age to begin dating. However, Miller finds that, at that age, the word dating means very different things to different people. Middle-schooler Giovanni, said, “Some people just hang out with their boyfriend or girlfriend.
Is it OK to have a boyfriend at 12?
“There is no law about when you are old enough to have a girlfriend or boyfriend, unlike the age of consent. You need to know your child well, because some children may be ready for a relationship at 12 but another not until they are 17.” A relationship at 12?
Can a 12 year old date a 17 year old?
Dating is not illegal as its only a status and not an action. But the 17 year old would basically be daring and begging people to arrest him and face charges if he actually decided to date a 12 year old. So no a 12 year old should not be dating a 17 year old.
Is it wrong for a 13 to date 17?
It is not illegal for a 13 and 17 year old to date.
Is it weird for a 17 to date a 15?
People of any age can date each other. If either of them are under age their parents have to agree to the dating. It is never illegal to date with parental approval. However, each state has their own rules about sex and intercourse so as long as there is…
What is the youngest age a 17 year old can date?
A 17 year old teenager should not date someone more than 2.5 years younger than them. So, if the 17 year old just turned 17, the youngest they should date is someone 14.5 years of age. If the teenager is 17.5, the youngest they should date is someone 15 years of age.
Is 14 and 17 a big age difference?
And yes, 14 and 17 is too much of an age difference. Generally, the lower the ages of the kids, the narrower the acceptable age range is. This isn’t arbitrary, it’s because in the earlier ages, a tremendous number of changes take place in each person’s life.
Is dating a 14 year old at 17 wrong?
Sexual activity with a person who is underaged, by anyone, including another person under 18, is illegal. After you turn 18, it is still illegal. Dating is not illegal, as long as no sexual activity is involved, but as long as she is a minor, her…
Is it wrong to date a 17 year old?
A: It’s legal for anyone to “date” anyone else. The law is not concerned with dating, but is concerned with sex. It is technically legal for a 22 year old to have a sexual relationship with a 17 year old; however, it still not a good idea. First, a 17 year old is still a minor.
Is it wrong for a 17 year old to date a 25 year old?
There is absolutely no illegality when a 25-year-old dates a 17-year-old.
Is it weird for a 17 year old to date a 24 year old?
It depends. If the 17-year-old is mature. They can date, but the 17-year-old is a minor, so it would be statutory rape if they have a sexual relationship. If they can both wait until the teen is 18 before they consider sex, then it’d be okay But, if they don’t, the 24-year od would be breaking the law.
Can a 17 year old date a 25 year old?
Thus, sexual relations between two 17-year-olds would be illegal, as would relations between a 17-year-old and a 25-year-old. Age differential. Thus, sexual relations between a 15-year-old and an 18-year-old would be legal, while the same relationship between a 15-year-old and a 21-year old would not.
Is 17 and 25 a big age difference?
If you’re the 17 year old, then that gap constitutes 32% of everything you have experiences in life. Roughly one third of all of your life experiences, the 25 year old has done that much more than you. Put in those terms, yes, it’s a dramatic age gap. An age gap is far more relevant at younger ages than old.
Is it OK for a 25 year old to date a 16 year old?
Dating is legal but you are not of an age to consent to sex at 16. However, even though it may be legal, it is still not a good idea. Your parents could also try getting a restraining order against him.
Can a 17 year old legally date a 27 year old?
A 27 year old man having sex with a 17 year old girl is a crime, no matter if it was consensual. |
The best dumbbell biceps exercises are the ones that are going to help you to build big arms the fastest. In this video, I’m going to show you dumbbell exercises for biceps that will target the long head, short head, brachialis and brachioradialis muscles. While it is impossible to isolate any one of the biceps heads from the other, it is possible to influence the activation of each head by selecting bicep exercises that do a better job at this.
It starts with the biceps long head. With an attachment in the shoulder joint above the glenoid, this biceps muscle head gets its name because of the longer travel of the tendon. Anatomically, this is the area of the bicep that sits more to the outside of the arm. If you were to flex your arm and make a muscle, this would be the part that can be seen from behind as if in a back double biceps pose.
It is the long head that is also most responsible for the peak. If you find that you don’t have enough height on your arms and are looking for ways to get bigger biceps peaks then this is the area you’d want to focus on. The best dumbbell bicep exercises for getting the job done here are as follows:
1. Drag Curls
2. Incline DB Curls
3. Row Curls
4. Waiter’s Curls
The key to each of these movements is that they all do one of two things. First, they keep the elbow back behind the body into extension. This places a greater stretch on the long head and therefore allows it to be selectively more highly recruited and helps to increase activation of the area. The other element is that it places the outside of the arm in a more visible position if you were looking into a mirror when you did the biceps exercise.
When it comes to biceps workouts, the thing you want to remember is that what you see is what you are training. If you see more of the outside of the arm because your arm is turned inward, then you are going to be working more of the long head of the biceps. Vice versa, if your arm is turned out and you see more of the inner portion of your biceps then you are training the short head.
Speaking of the short head of the bicep muscle, here are the exercises that are most effective at hitting this area:
5. Offset DB Curl
6. Spider Curls
7. Preacher Curls
8. Seated DB Curl Plus
9. No Money Curls
All of these have the common trait of placing the arm in a position further out in front of the body. They also all do a great job of allowing for a complete biceps contraction by resisting elbow flexion, forearm supination and shoulder flexion. My favorite of these dumbbell biceps exercises is the no money curl. You can clearly see the biceps peaks and strong contraction at the top of every rep and it also helps to improve posture.
Not falling into either of these categories, but rather having a miscellaneous group of their own, there are three biceps exercises that manipulate momentum to help you get bigger arms fast.
10. DB Chin / Eccentric Chin
11. DB Cheat Curl (Eccentric Focus)
12. DB Strict Curl
And finally, back to the muscle groupings to make sure you leave no area of your arms untrained, we have the brachialis exercises.
13. Cross Body Hammer Curls
14. Robot Curls
These help to build wider biceps by developing the muscle underneath the biceps and providing more girth to the upper arm. Remember to minimize the contribution of the biceps when trying to build a bigger brachialis and you will start filling those shirt sleeves before you know it.
Finally, the forearm muscle that also gets looked at and must be trained for bigger arms is the brachioradialis. This is the best exercise for hitting this muscle.
15. Offset Supination Curls
The key to get bigger biceps is not to feel as if you have to do all of these dumbbell biceps exercises but to select the ones that are most appropriate to the areas that you are seeing your most struggles right now. Select a couple for the short head, long head and from the other two groups and you will see bigger biceps and arms in no time.
If you’re looking for a step by step workout to build more than just biceps, and want to develop a ripped athletic body in the process be sure to head to athleanx.com via the link below and check out the programs. Each puts the science back in strength and guides the fast results you will see from the workouts.
For more videos on the best dumbbell exercises for bigger biceps and how to get bigger arms fast, be sure to subscribe to our channel here on youtube via the link below and remember to turn on your notifications so you never miss a new video when it’s published.
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Cultures of Brucella ovis were inoculated into the conceptus of ewes at various stages of gestation, and the fetal lambs were recovered from 10 to 81 days later. All lambs, the youngest of which was recovered on the 54th day of gestation, had lesions. The character of the lesions varied from that of reticuloendothelial hyperplasia and granulomatous inflammation in fetuses up to 91 days of gestation to that of a lymphoreticular nature with well-formed nodules of reticuloendothelial cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in older fetal lambs. It was suggested that the variation in the inflammatory response was attributable to the immaturity of the fetal immunologic system.
ASJC Scopus subject areas |
For the most part, Google's Stadia game-streaming service works as advertised, but it had a hard time out of the gate. Depending on your setup, you might have some performance issues, which can be a big deal when you're streaming a game from a remote server. In this guide, we'll go over some of the most useful ways you can optimize your network to get the best performance while streaming games.
Stick With the Official Stadia Controller
For now, the Stadia controller is the only officially supported controller. You can use a keyboard and mouse if you're playing games on a PC, but you might not want to. Even slightly increased input latency—the delay between when you press a button and when the corresponding action happens on screen—can be the difference between winning and losing a game. Unlike regular controllers, keyboards, and mice—which pair with consoles or PCs via USB or Bluetooth—the Stadia controller connects directly to Wi-Fi, cutting out a step between your buttons and the server housing the games.
Optimize Data Usage and Performance
Stadia doesn't have a lot in terms of optimization features yet, but there is one that can help quite a bit. In the Stadia mobile app, tap your profile picture in the upper-right corner and you'll find an entry called "Data usage & performance." Here, you can choose to prioritize one of three options, each with their own strengths and weaknesses:
- Best visual quality. For Stadia Pro users, this option will stream games up to 4K graphics and generally download about 20GB of data every hour, which is a lot of data. This is a good option if you want to get the clearest picture quality, but it can come at the expense of responsive gameplay (and may push you past your data cap, if you have one).
- Limited data usage. On the opposite end of the spectrum, this option limits you to 720p video, which is lower quality than full HD. You will, however, save a lot of data, using only about 4.5GB per hour, and potentially get a more responsive game.
- Balanced. Stadia doesn't offer much explanation for what, exactly, this option does, but it serves as a middle ground between the previous two. Stadia will try to provide the best experience possible based on your internet speeds, but Stadia can't take your data caps into account. To prioritize latency over visual quality, or to preserve data, "Limited data usage" might still be your best bet.
At the time of writing, you can only change these settings in the mobile app, but they will apply across all devices that support Stadia.
Use Ethernet Over Wireless
Use the Fastest Wi-Fi Hardware Possible
Most of the modern Wi-Fi hardware you can buy on the market today uses 802.11ac—more recently rebranded as Wi-Fi 5 by the Wi-Fi Alliance—which has a theoretical maximum speed of 3Gbps, shared across all devices connected to it. If you haven't upgraded your Wi-Fi hardware in a while, you might be using older, slower standards. If your home internet speed is good enough for Stadia, but you're still not getting a good experience, make sure your router at least supports Wi-Fi 5.
Wi-Fi 6, which has an even higher maximum theoretical speed, is also coming on the scene. Upgrading right now might not be necessary, but it's something to consider in 2020 and beyond. Most phones and the current Chromecast Ultra don't support Wi-Fi 6, so there's not much benefit for Stadia in the short-term, but if you're going to buy a router now, you can future-proof it a bit by opting for something that supports Wi-Fi 6 while you wait for support to roll out more broadly.
Improve Coverage with a Wi-Fi Mesh System
Prioritize Your Device on the Router
Some routers come with a feature that allows you to prioritize devices or applications on your network, ensuring that they continue to work at peak capacity even if other devices use up bandwidth. You can think of it like putting your computer or console into a fast lane. The data to and from the device you’re playing games on go faster, while YouTube streams on a phone have to wait.
In most cases, other people won’t even notice. Maybe a video takes an extra second or two to buffer, but your games will work a lot better since they’re more dependent on a fast connection. The process to enable this feature will differ depending on which model of router you have, so check the manual that came with it for details. |
Pearson Online Academy UK Global is a high-quality personalised online private school delivering Pearson Edexcel International GCSEs and A Levels for 14–18 year olds that can be accessed virtually anywhere. We inspire and empower our students to achieve academic excellence through our affordable, online education that prepares them for brilliant futures.
Kelly Hargreaves-Cox is a Success Coach with Pearson Online Academy UK Global. In this post she describes her passion for supporting young learners, explaining how her experience as an art teacher might come in handy…
Jessica Dowd teaches International GCSE English for Pearson Online Academy UK Global. She shares her excitement on joining a global movement to benefit learners, and what it is about teaching that makes her tick.
To celebrate the beginning of this first term, we’ve brought together a few New (School) Year Resolutions that will help our students kickstart their journey.
Lucy Gilder teaches Biology for International GCSE and A Level. In this chat she shares her enthusiasm for the online school environment, and explains why students should never assume ‘hands on’ lessons aren’t a feature of remote learning…
Liz Eastwell teaches Physics for International GCSE and A Level at Pearson Online Academy UK Global. In this post she shares her excitement about finding online opportunities, and relishes the challenge of bringing home-based science experiments to her students.
Anthony Cioci teaches Computer Science for International GCSE at the Pearson Online Academy UK Global. In this conversation he shares his passion for learning anywhere, anytime, and for creating a digital legacy of resources.
Caron Morrison teaches International GCSE English at Pearson Online Academy UK Global. She describes how her globetrotting career has set her up for online teaching, and shares hints on how students can make the most of their time on the course.
The flipped classroom is being used effectively in tertiary and secondary institutions, but before you jump to implement it in your classroom, there are some key things to consider. Here are five evidence based tips to help you get started.
Jennie Ku teaches International GCSE and A Level Maths for the Pearson Online Academy UK Global. Here she describes her excitement about teaching tech, and describes her joy at sharing Maths with students.
Our parent listed holding company, Pearson PLC, is proud to be a supporting member of COBIS |
The Bank of England has warned those who argue that the worst is over in terms of the economy in the wake of the Brexit vote. Britain might still face a challenging period of uncertainty and adjustment in terms of commercial estate and indebted households.
The Financial Policy Committee of the bank in a statement has said that the markets have calmed down since the referendum vote on June 23, 2016. However, the Bank of England has warned about the ongoing threat of a sharp adjustment in the commercial real estate market. There is also a danger that the investors could decide to divert money flows outside UK.
The bank in a statement said, “Any disorderly adjustment in capital flows would be associated with tighter funding conditions for the UK real economy”. It is also warned that if the economy weakens and the hiring slows, this might become tougher for many of the indebted households to serve their debts. There are chances that such vulnerable households can affect a broader economic activity by cutting severely on expenditure to service the debts.
In all, there are high risks to the UK Financial system from abroad and concerns have been expressed over the European banking system and debts level in China.
Photo Credits: businessinsider |
This study aimed to identify the prevalence of mental disorder in hostels for the homeless in Belfast, Northern Ireland. In addition, it attempted to assess the facilities and support offered from both the hostels and the Health Service to homeless people who have a mental disorder. Lastly it sought to determine whether or not psychiatric hospital bed closure had any influence on the prevalence of homelessness among these persons in Belfast. An exploratory approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews as the method of data collection. The sample consisted of 12 hostels for the homeless with a total occupancy of 250 residents. Officers in charge were surveyed. The results obtained indicated that approximately 25% of the homeless in Belfast hostels have a diagnosed mental disorder and that hospital closure has had a direct effect on the size of this percentage. In addition, it was found that the hostels generally are not able to offer the levels of therapy and support given in hospital or in designated hostels for people with mental health problems. Responses also suggest that support from Health Service personnel is less than satisfactory. While the findings in this study do not look at the entire homeless population in Northern Ireland, interesting and useful information emerged that has implications for policy and further areas of study elsewhere.
|Journal||Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing|
|Publication status||Published - Dec 1995| |
In commemoration of 150 years of power supply to Bangalore, via India’s very first power station in Shivanasamudra falls in Karnataka, the Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Ltd, held an architectural competition for the design of a Light Museum and Energy Center.
Lighting Museum and Energy Centre, at Bangalore, Karnataka, by MayaPraxis
The Bamiyan Cultural Centre is a space for exhibitions and training, that celebrates the wonderful history of Afghanistan, its heritage, local art and craft, knowledge and techniques. UNESCO, in association with the the Afghan Ministry of Information and Culture and the Republic of Korea hosted an architectural competition, the idea behind which is that culture also makes a valuable contribution to socio -economic development, and in the case of Bamiyan, it will pave the way towards future tourism, and encourage the participation of local communities, in not only protecting and preserving their own cultural heritage, but also sharing it.
Bamiyan Culture Centre, at Afghanistan, by MayaPraxis |
The Government of India declared to observe the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda -12thJanuary- as National Youth Day in 1984. KSHITIJ is a social initiative by United Way Baroda for the differently abled children and the youth of Baroda to come together and celebrate Uttarayan & National Youth Day. “KSHITIJ” was organized on 12th January, 2017 at Prof. Manikrao’s Shree Jummadada Vyayam Mandir, Vadodara, wherein 500 special children and youth participated. They enjoyed Kite flying along with music and dance. Traditional food such as Undhiyu, Jalebi, and Chikki was served. It was a soul satisfying experience to bring smile on the faces these children with support of the youth. |
Date Published: April 30, 2018, 8:22 a.m.
igeria is currently the No 8 in the World in terms of mobile connections with 154 million active mobile subscribers, generating enormous amounts of data in the mobile networks - data that can be put to use for the development of the country's communities. Mobile location data is the data exhaust left over when mobile subscribers connect to mobile networks. Each event on the network is located within the coverage area of an antenna – holding information about the time and location of the user event. There can be hundreds of these location events per subscriber per day. In Estonia, mobile phone data has been used for over 10 years for various use cases – for population, commuting, tourism, and other statistics. The use of mobile phone data is supported by international organisations like UNSD, ITU, OECD, GSMA, among others. Cities authorities (local governments) throughout Nigeria lack verifiable data to function efficiently. In the same vein, the presence of improved data could be a catalyst for social and economic growth as individuals and governments alike, stand to gain from new products and services developed from its further application in key sectors such as public security, health, education, tourism, to mention a few. By processing existing data generated by mobile phone subscribers, this project will address the above challenges facing Abuja city administrators by producing population and mobility.Even more important to the economy of the city, the spin off effect in terms of new jobs and businesses will lead to a reduction in existing poverty and inequality levels. Mobile phone location data is the first method that allows for measurements of de facto population – day-time and dynamic population counts. De facto population statistics allows governments, municipalities, urban and transportation planners, and many other users to answer the questions like: how many people are in the location at particular time, compare de facto population of different locations, what is the breakdown of these people, their home area, etc.
Starting date: 14/01/2018
Project ending date: 11/01/2019
The Mobile Big Data project involves the use of anonymized mobile position data obtained from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to produce various statistical modeling for the Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA) and Abuja Municipal Area Council. We are prioritizing with Population statistics, to be followed by Mobility statistics. The Population statistics will reveal such dynamic data as de facto population of the city of Abuja, including day v night populations by city district, or hourly, weekly or monthly population statistics. The MNOs involved are MTN and Glo. Other stakeholders include Keoun (technical partner)’ TD4PIE, an Abuja based incubation hub and the University of Abuja. The project follows the following key steps: Sensitization workshop for identified stakeholders (2 months), development of policy, regulatory and commercial frameworks (3 months), access to sample data and processing of ‘clean’ data for pilot (2 month), Development Use Cases (3 months), dissemination of data to end-users (2 months).
Global cost of the project is $350,000. Initial investment is $50,000 was required for the early stages of the project. Once the initial Use Case (population statistics) is completed, additional Use Cases will be added. NITDA is providing the initial funding for the 1st and 2nd phases (Sensitization Workshop and National Mobile Big Data Analytic Platform. On completion, the project will be sustained through APIs to be granted to developers to develop solutions to end-user organizations
Although the Abuja Municipal Area Council is the primary partner, the use of mobile big data for official statistics will eventually be of benefit to most of the key administrative bodies of the Federal Capital Administration Authority (FCTA). The FCT Population Commission, for the first time, will have access to the de facto population of the FCT, including Abuja city and the suburban settlements. Population and mobility data is highly helpful in the FCT Education, Transport and Health Secretariats and results in better decision making on budgets and social services. For instance, mobility statistics showing migration trends between Abuja urban and the suburban settlements enables the Health Secretariat determine drugs and other medication supplies requirements in the Maitama General Hospital in Abuja city. The FCT police also benefits from the data to plan the allocation of its resources.
The main challenge by far was the absence of policy and regulations to guide the process of commercializing mobile data. Obtaining access to operators’ data is not a never a smooth sail. Creating a balance between public good motives of regulators and the commercial interest of the operators is a big issue which can be overcome through a multi-partnership governance involving the data owner (operators), data processor (Keoun), R&D (University of Abuja and TD4PIE), regulators (NITDA, NCC), among others
Data privacy is at the heart of the issue, therefore putting together a policy framework that is acceptable to the operators and regulators is key. Secondly, development of local data science related skilled sets is absolutely key for project sustainability. Partnership with the local University ensures access to continued human capacity development and research. The presence of a national agency like NITDA is to ensure transferability of experience, reusability of resources and elimination of multiple investment by other cities in Nigeria
Pictures of the project |
Texas Gov. Rick Perry raised eyebrows during his appearance at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco Wednesday night, when he compared homosexuality to alcoholism.
When taking questions at the InterContinental Mark Hopkins hotel on Nob Hill, Perry was asked whether he thought homosexuality was a disorder.
“I may have the genetic coding that I’m inclined to be an alcoholic,” Perry said. “But I have the desire not to do that, and I look at the homosexual issue the same way.
A few people in the audience gasped when they heard the governor’s remarks.
Perry was appearing before the Commonwealth Club on Wednesday to talk about energy independence.
Click here to read more. |
When the Swiss Red Cross Society and other relief organizations brought a number of severely affected Tibetan refugee families to Switzerland in 1964, Henri and Jacques Kuhn were not long in taking action as well. They not only provided company apartments for these families, but even offered them jobs as well.
Together with a circle of friends, they responded to these people’s need for a cultural center by setting up the Tibet Institute in Rikon, Switzerland, in 1968. This institute has since become an important religious center for Tibetans in Rikon and throughout Switzerland and its neighbouring countries.
The center also enables Westerners to gain a unique insight into the riches Tibetan culture has to offer.
Many Tibetans continue to be employed at the Kuhn Rikon works now. The second generation of Tibetans has grown up in Switzerland and most of them are Swiss nationals who have found a new and permanent home for themselves in Rikon.
Having been refused a Swiss entry permit when he wanted to attend the consecration of the monastery, the Dalai Lama was finally able to visit Rikon for the first time in 1973 Rikon.
This was a moving event for all Tibetans in Switzerland and throughout Europe, and most of them saw their leader for the first time in their lives. Over the years, the Dalai Lama has visited his "external station"" in the West more than 13 times.
The library of the Tibet Institute is a scientific, specialist library that is open to the public. With more than 12,000 titles, it is one of the largest specialist Tibetan libraries in the world, and is a member of the IDS Zürich University. |
Indigestion may cause a feeling of heaviness or perhaps a sharp discomfort within the chest, but may that twinge is something more severe, for example microvascular angina. Precisely what is microvascular angina? Continue reading and discover exactly what a microvascular angina diagnosis means and the best way to treat or prevent it.
Microvascular angina is really a concerning supply of chest discomfort since it is generally misdiagnosed. The reason behind this really is that compared to other other heart-related issues, it doesn’t appear like a blockage within the large heart arterial blood vessels during tests. Quite simply, doctors can miss the main cause.
It’s worthwhile to learn that this kind of chest discomfort is much more experienced by women too than in males.
Exactly what does microvascular angina mean?
Chest discomfort can occasionally happen once the oxygen supply towards the heart muscle tissues can’t satisfy the heart’s metabolic demand. This really is what is known angina. Generally, angina is created from the blockage within the heart’s arterial blood vessels as a result of build-from plaque. This build-up limits bloodstream flow towards the heart.
This problem usually can be evaluated with stress testing and often an angiogram, that is a special X-ray that enables a physician to determine blockages or narrowing of arterial blood vessels. When individuals with chest discomfort don’t show blockages within their arterial blood vessels, they might have microvascular angina, which may be brought on by issues with the little arterial blood vessels from the heart that aren’t seen on traditional scans.
It’s thought that sometimes, temporary spasms within the bigger heart arterial blood vessels can result in problems within the smaller sized arterial blood vessels. There’s additionally a theory that abnormal functioning of endothelial cells, that are cells that line the interior the surface of bloodstream vessels, could participate the reason. Endothelial cells release chemicals that relax and contract small arterial blood vessels. This method may become imbalanced in certain people because of a variety of underlying reasons, including inflammation.
It’s interesting to notice that those who have microvascular angina may feel an elevated sensitivity to discomfort because of substances released through the endothelial cells.
Based on the American Heart Association, as much as 50 % of ladies with angina signs and symptoms do not have a blocked artery. They might not really have chest discomfort but might produce other signs and symptoms.
Signs and symptoms of microvascular angina
Microvascular angina signs and symptoms include chest discomfort during physical effort, indications of reduced bloodstream supply towards the heart throughout a stress test, and normal-searching arterial blood vessels with an angiography. Many those who have been identified as having microvascular angina complain about sleeplessness.
Signs and symptoms for example chest discomfort, difficulty breathing, or fatigue frequently occur during occasions of mental or emotional stress. For this reason sometimes the signs and symptoms could be mistaken for anxiety or anxiety attacks.
With regards to chest discomfort connected with microvascular angina, studies have shown that instances of discomfort have a tendency to traverses individuals described in the event of obstructive heart disease. The typical discomfort period may last between ten minutes to half an hour.
Is microvascular angina a significant health concern?
In 1996, about 900 women signed up for a landmark study (The Women’s Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation) backed through the National Heart, Lung, and Bloodstream Institute. They had signs and signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease and went through coronary angiograms.
These were adopted for more than ten years as well as their cases have led to a lot of the data we all know about microvascular angina today. For example, because of the participation of those women, it had been learned that the heart’s arterial blood vessels interact with abnormal patterns or narrowing and relaxing with angina. The information which was collected also helped researchers conclude that microvascular angina is concerning because even without apparent obstructed arterial blood vessels, zinc heightens the speed of cardiac arrest, strokes, heart failure, and dying when compared with ladies who do not have angina. The issue is magnified in individuals ladies who produce other cardiovascular risks, for example high bloodstream pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, weight problems, and smoking. Individuals who are afflicted by microvascular angina in addition have a greater hospital readmission rate for chest discomfort.
While there has been significant enhancements within the diagnosing and management of women with microvascular angina, it’s thought that women continue to be underdiagnosed and undertreated.
How you can identify microvascular angina
It’s not unusual for many people to obtain a chest twinge or discomfort from time-to-time. Oftentimes, it’s a simple situation of indigestion or perhaps a pulled muscle, but you may be wondering how you can identify microvascular angina.
Regrettably, figuring out the reason for chest discomfort from just signs and symptoms alone isn’t possible. Generally, additional assessment is needed. In situations in which a lady is complaining of chest discomfort, a physician will often classify her signs and symptoms first. The physician will either conclude she’s of low, intermediate, or high-risk according to cardiovascular risks. Low-risk women normally don’t undergo any more tests however, low-to-intermediate and intermediate-risk ought to be further evaluated. This could start with exercise on the treadmill, which measures a woman’s fitness capacity, while an electrocardiogram measures electric activity from the heart.
Women within the intermediate-to-high-risk category who test by having an abnormal ECG require more imaging, for example myocardial perfusion imaging, stress echocardiography, and cardiac MRI or cardiac CT-angiography. High-risk individuals may undergo a conventional coronary angiogram. This might be also supported by an invasive test known as coronary flow reserve measurement. The coronary flow reserve test measures just how much the center arterial blood vessels dilate while increasing bloodstream flow over the normal volume whenever a specific drug that relaxes the arterial blood vessels is run. To look for the exact reason for the microvascular problem, more tests are needed.
How you can treat microvascular angina?
Management of microvascular angina isn’t exactly obvious-cut. The goals are basically two-fold – to improve bloodstream flow and lower workload within the heart, in addition to minimize discomfort.
Up to now, microvascular angina treatment involves using medications that address the chest area discomfort and prevents plaque build-in the arterial blood vessels. Research informs us that responses to such treatments won’t be the same in women and men. This can be because of the fact there are variations within the disease mechanisms. Doctors do agree the important factor to bear in mind with regards to treating women with microvascular angina is they are in danger of a few of the same outcomes as individuals with the obstructive heart disease.
Here’s a glance at potential medications active in the management of microvascular angina:
- Beta blockers: Can enhance the heart’s bloodstream flow by reduction of workload.
- Calcium funnel blocker: Improves bloodstream flow and reduces bloodstream pressure.
- Nitro-glycerine: Improves bloodstream flow.
- Aspirin: Can prevent bloodstream clot formation and reduces inflammation.
- Statins: Accustomed to reduce cholesterol levels and stop the build-from cholesterol within the arterial blood vessels.
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: Increases the purpose of the endothelial cells lining the heart’s arterial blood vessels.
There are several newer treatments under review, including medications that act at your bodies cells and electrical nerve stimulation, each of which may potentially improve bloodstream flow.
Stopping microvascular angina
Microvascular angina prevention starts with understanding risks. There are lots of risks that may be controlled. Smoking and weight problems are a few types of controllable factors.
Lifestyle choices, including a healthy diet plan and moderate exercise, might help lower your odds of getting microvascular angina. Keeping an eye on levels of cholesterol and sugar levels could be useful. People should consume an eating plan that’s wealthy in omega-3 essential fatty acids, fruits, vegetables and whole grain products. Restricting junk foods, in addition to foods with fatty foods and levels of sodium a very good idea. Should you smoke – quit. It’s also important to not ignore chest discomfort. A lot of women with chest discomfort write it off simply because they affiliate cardiovascular disease with men’s health. Additionally they mistake it for stress or indigestion.
Autoimmune conditions, for example lupus and rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, can also increase chance of developing microvascular angina. Youthful women with less than normal oestrogen levels will also be in danger.
Today, ladies have packed schedules – families, working, meeting social commitments, and taking part in community and charitable organization work, however they frequently ignore taking proper care of themselves. Making time for health and fitness and relaxation programs, for example meditation, could be vital that you their heart health.
Prognosis of microvascular angina
There’s still a lot to discover microvascular angina. Scientific studies are ongoing, on the other hand, lots of people question microvascular angina prognosis.
With medicine, signs and symptoms of microvascular angina can improve but you should realize that coronary microvascular disorder continues to be associated with an annual stroke rate of two.five percent. Individuals who are afflicted by microvascular angina will have single.5–fold rise in dying when compared with individuals with no condition. About 30 % of patients with microvascular angina undergo repeat coronary angiography. Additionally they appear to possess a worse quality of existence when compared with individuals who do not have the problem.
Apart from sticking to some heart-nutritious diet and looking after a normal workout, it may be beneficial to understand your bmi (Body mass index) and know your loved ones good reputation for cardiovascular disease. As they say, “knowledge is power,” and really should you receive chest discomfort, you will need to be outfitted with the proper information to determine whether checking in with the family physician or creating a sudden visit to the local hospital emergency department is the greatest plan of action.
Related: Unstable angina a standard reason for cardiac arrest: Causes, signs and symptoms, treatment, and prevention
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https://world wide web.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/healthy-lady/conditions/microvascular-angina-why-women-shouldnt-ignore-chest-discomfort-and-fatigue
http://world wide web.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/DiagnosingaHeartAttack/Microvascular-Angina_UCM_450313_Article.jsp# |
Knee effusion is really a condition where fluid builds up round the knee joint. This really is sometimes known as getting a inflamed knee or getting “water around the knee.” Normally, our joints have a tiny bit of fluid surrounding them known as synovial fluid. This reduces friction and promote smooth joint rotation. However, you will find instances where our joints accumulate extra fluid because of injuries, infection, or as a result of adding medical problem.
What can cause knee effusion?
The most typical type of joint disease that is a result of deterioration from the protective cartilage located on the ends from the bone. Osteo arthritis can impact any joint within your body, however the disorder generally affects the joints from the hands, knees, sides, and spine. The disorder worsens with time and may cause joint inflammation and swelling, resulting in knee effusion.
Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms
Chronic inflammation from the joint that leads to discomfort, redness, swelling, and stiffness from the joints. The problem might also cause inflammation of ligaments, muscles, and tendons. Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms is a kind of autoimmune disease by having an unknown origin. A characteristic feature from the condition is inflammatory joint disease, which could present as knee effusion.
An ailment brought on by the buildup of the crystals in the human body with individuals being not able to excrete or excessively make the substance. The crystals is really a breakdown product of food this really is normally passed in with the kidneys. Accumulation and deposit of the crystals crystals can result in a kind of joint disease discomfort from the joints, especially based in the great toe. Knee effusion may also be brought on by gout.
Acute injuries towards the knee, especially throughout a sporting activity, may cause discomfort, swelling, and stiffness. There’s additionally a high possibility of the tendons, muscles, and ligaments to get hurt or perhaps be torn altogether. This leads to conditions for example tendinitis, bursitis, and knee effusion.
Much like gout, pseudogout presents in exactly the same but is caused by the deposition of a different sort of substance known as calcium pyrophosphate round the joints.
Tumors: Cysts or tumors, if based in the knee, can bother the nearby tissue. If based in the knee, it can cause knee effusion.
Psoriatic joint disease
A kind of joint disease that affects some those who have psoriasis—a skin ailment that has red patches with silvery scales. Joint stiffness, discomfort, and swelling can impact any area of the body with signs and symptoms varying from relatively mild to severe.
Transmitted through deer-tick bites, Lyme disease is mainly an illness that’s most generally reported within the northwestern or upper Midwest regions of america. The first signs and symptoms from the condition can instruct as fatigue, chills, fever, headache, inflamed lymph nodes, and muscle and joint aches.
Related: Early manifestation of Lyme disease might be “water around the knee”
What exactly are risks and signs and symptoms of knee effusion?
Risks for knee effusion rely on several factors. Generally, putting any excess force on the knee increases the likelihood of developing the problem. Listed here are some common risks to add mass to knee effusion:
Age: Growing older increases the probability of disease along with your risk for osteo arthritis.
Sports: Wrestling, basketball, soccer, or other kind of sport that may strain or twist your knee can increase the likelihood of developing knee effusion.
Occupation: In case your job requires you to be the knees for longer amounts of time, this could increase the probability of fluid buildup within the bursa, resulting in an ailment known as prepatellar bursitis. These kinds of jobs include carpet layers, gardeners, and roofers.
Weight problems: Being of elevated weight can put excessive stress on the joints from the knee, resulting in degeneration and knee effusion.
Health problems: Included in this are conditions for example osteo arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Both can result in issues with the knee.
Signs and symptoms of knee effusion might not continually be apparent, but generally, the knee will appear inflamed in dimensions. Precise signs and signs and symptoms frequently rely on the specific reason for fluid buildup inside the knee joint, but typically present as discomfort, stiffness, and reduced flexibility.
Knee effusion tests
After realizing that the knee is abnormally red, stiff, or painful, visiting a physician ought to be most of your objective. Inflammatory material that triggers knee effusion can be very unhealthy for the knee joint itself and really should be used proper care of immediately.
The very first factor your physician is going to do is check out the affected joint. Documentation of the existence of discomfort, warmth, any discoloration, the plethora of motion, and also the size is going to be taken. Detailed here is how the joint becomes inflamed is going to be noted to obtain a better concept of its onset.
Preliminary tests using ultrasound or MRI might help give a picture of methods much fluid accumulation has happened inside the joint and provide a precise diagnosis. Ultrasound, particularly, could be a fast and convenient option for a fast diagnosis. An x-ray can also be acquired to eliminate potential fractures. Bloodstream tests can also be come to help identify any reasons for microbial infection affecting your body. However, simply understanding that there’s fluid all around the joint is lack of knowledge to steer treatment. This could require using more specific testing.
Arthrocentesis is really a diagnostic oral appliance a therapeutic procedure. It’s the most accurate test for diagnosing the reason for knee effusion. The process involves utilizing a syringe to gather synovial fluid from the affected joint—also referred to as joint aspiration. Once this fluid is collected, it may be examined searching at color, clearness, viscosity, white-colored bloodstream cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)—a group of white-colored bloodstream cells. Arthrocentesis has the additional advantage to be fast and simple while inflicting minimal discomfort around the patient.
The next tables assistance to guide doctors by supplying clues as to the the foundation from the knee effusion is. Getting a minimal quantity of WBC would indicate non-infection causes for example trauma while getting a higher WBC could indicate contamination of some form.
Synovial Fluid Findings
||Yellow to eco-friendly
||Best to poor
|WBC per mm3
||200 to two,000
||2,000 to 150,000
||15,000 to 200,000
There’s numerous different reasons for knee effusion which is highly suggested to determine a physician immediately. With respect to the degree of inflammation, knee effusion can start to degrade the knee joint further otherwise treated on time. By seeing your physician, you can assist mitigate any potential lengthy term effects.
Fluid round the heart (pericardial effusion) within the seniors: Causes and treatment tips
Essential oils for knee discomfort relief
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http://world wide web.mayoclinic.org/illnesses-conditions/psoriatic-joint disease/home/ovc-20233896
http://world wide web.aafp.org/afp/2000/0415/p2391.html
https://world wide web.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630268/ |
Grand Tableau Cité Mémoire from Montréal en Histoires on Vimeo.
A truly remarkable experience awaits the visitor to Old Montreal this summer. Beginning at dusk every evening, short films inspired by Montreal's history are projected onto large walls of buldings, pavement and even trees, in 23 different locations. The event will be available for four years, and was five years in the making. It was created by Michel Lemieux and Victor Pilon, in collaboration with Michel Marc Bouchard.
Billed as "the largest outdoor projection walking tour in the world", it is supported by a free mobile app, Montréal en Histoires, that provides audio in four different languages. Guided tours are available for individuals and groups, and monitors are positioned at many of the locations to provide technical support to those who prefer to do a self-guided tour.
On a recent Friday evening, we were pleased to see how lively the neighbourhood was, with restaurants and bars filled to capacity at 11 pm and later. The number of visitors enhanced the sense of security we felt as we made our way along the cobbled streets and narrow alleyways.
Once I figured out how to activate the localization feature on the app, and to connect to the free wifi (MTLWIFI), we were off and running.
More information is available on-line. I would recommend spending some time exploring the website so that, once on-site, you can feel comfortable with the technology and the geography of the project. Please note that some of the films end at 11 pm, and all the others at midnight.
This project is part of Montreal's 375th anniversary celebrations. |
Buster Brown Net Worth
Buster Brown made money by Actors niche. For all time, at the moment, 2017 year, Buster Brown earned $15 Million. Exact sum is $15000000.
Short biography, height, weight, dates:
Wikipedia Source: Buster Brown
Buster Brown was a comic strip character created in 1902 by Richard F. Outcault. Adopted as the mascot of the Brown Shoe Company in 1904, Buster Brown, his sweetheart Mary Jane, and his dog Tige, an American Pit Bull Terrier, were well-known to the American public in the early 20th century. The characters name was also used to describe a popular style of suit for young boys, the Buster Brown suit, that echoed his own outfit. |
I made a little remark last week to the effect that on present trends, student fees would pass provincial funding as a source of revenue for universities by 2020-2021 and combined fed-prov government funding by 2025. Based on my twitter feed, that seems to have got people quite excited. But I should have been a little clearer about what I was saying.
First of all, by “on present trends”, I literally meant do the simple/stupid thing and take the annual change from 2014-15 to 2015-16 and stretch it out indefinitely. One could use longer-term trends but for provincial government funds, the difference is minuscule because the 1-year and 5-year trends are pretty similar. It’s harder to do that with the federal money because it jumps around a lot on an annual basis (is there a federal infrastructure program in a given year? Have they given a one-time bump to granting council dollars? etc.) and so medium term trends are harder to discern. Second, when I said it would pass government funding, I meant for the entire budget, not just the operating budget (feds don’t really contribute to operating budgets). And third, I was speaking in terms of national averages: regional averages vary considerably and in some provinces, fees passed government grants as a source of income some time ago.
Anyways, I thought it would be fun to do some inter-provincial comparisons on this. To make things simple, I’m going to exclude federal funds from the exercise, and just look at provincial grants and student fees. As previously, the data source is the Statcan/CAUBO Financial Information of Universities and Colleges Survey.
Let’s start by looking at how grants and fees compare to the size of the operating budget of universities in each province.
Figure 1: Provincial grant and fee income as a percentage of operating income, by province, 2015-16
Now, remember: some provincial and fee income goes to areas other than the operating budget and operating income is not restricted to just student fees and government grants. Thus, you shouldn’t expect the two sets of lines to add up to 100%. In some cases they add to more than 100%, in some cases less. But no matter, the point is here that already in 2015-16 fees represent a greater portion of the operating budget than government grants in Ontario and an equal proportion in Nova Scotia. In BC and PEI, fee and grant income are close-ish, but in the other six provinces government grants predominate.
Now let’s look at the five-year percentage change in income, in real dollars, from fees and grants. This one is kind of complicated, so bear with me.
Figure 2: Change in income from provincial grants and student fees, by province, 2010-11 to 2015-16
There are seven provinces which share a pattern: increasing real fee income and decreasing real provincial grant income, though the extent varies. The biggest shifts here are in Ontario and BC. Quebec is the only province which has seen an increase in income from both sources. In all eight of these provinces, we can do straight-line projections of the future pretty easily.
But then there are two provinces – Newfoundland and New Brunswick – which have seen net decreases in both sources of income. Basically, this is what happens when a demographic collapse happens at the same time as a fiscal collapse. In per-student terms this doesn’t look quite so bad because enrolments are declining, but since staff don’t get paid on a per-student basis that doesn’t help much when it comes to paying the bills. It’s hard to do straight-line projections with these two because it’s quite clear the fee income declines aren’t going to continue indefinitely (the demographic collapse stabilizes, eventually). So we’re going to say good-bye to these two for the rest of this analysis, while wishing them the very best in dealing with their rather significant challenges.
Ok, for the remaining eight provinces, let’s combine the info in those last few graphs. Let’s take the income by source data in figure one, and then apply the trend changes in figure 2 to each province. The easiest way to show this in a graph is to show fee income as a percentage of provincial grant income. We can show this out to 2024-25, as seen below in figure 3.
Figure 3: Projected ratio of student fee income to government grant income to 2025, by province
What figure 3 really shows is that Canada is heading towards a much more financially heterogeneous higher education system. For the country as a whole, fee income for universities should surpass provincial government grants in 2020-21. But this masks huge variation at the provincial level. Ontario and Nova Scotia (by now) already exceed that level. BC will get there in three or four years, PEI will get there by 2024-25. But the other provinces aren’t on track to hit that level until 2030 at the earliest (and in Quebec’s case it’s about 2055).
Another way to think of this is that in about a decade’s time, the funding landscape in places like Quebec, Manitoba and Saskatchewan is going to look the way it did in Ontario ten to fifteen years ago. At the same time, Ontario’s funding landscape is going to look a lot like big American public schools, with less than 30% of the operating budget (and probably something like 15% of total funding) coming from provincial governments. Differing incentives facing different universities means they are probably going to be run quite differently too: expect a greater variety of institutional cultures as a result.
Now, as with any straight-line projection, you should take the foregoing with a healthy amount of salt. Politics matter, and funding trajectories can change. This is one possible scenario, not necessarily the most likely but simply the one most in line with current trends.
But keep in mind that the above is the probably good news scenario for Ontario. The bad news scenario would see the percentage of funds coming from fees restricted not by increasing the government grant, but by restricting student intake, or the intake of international students (which is where the big gains in fees are really coming from). So even if you find this scenario disturbing: be careful what you wish for. |
Think of the first time you kissed your partner…I’m sure it led to piloerection. Nerds, stop the giggling…I’m talking about goosebumps! The stunning image above is from a paper describing the relationship between hair follicles and the muscles that cause goosebumps.
We have epidermal stem cells in our hair follicles in a region called the bulge. The cells in the bulge are closely associated with the arrector pili muscle (APM), which is the muscle responsible for causing goosebumps. A recent study describes how bulge cells deposit a protein called nephronectin into the underlying basement membrane, and this provides a niche for APM differentiation during hair follicle development. Image above shows hair follicles (blue) and smooth muscle proteins found in the APM (red, green). The white brackets show groups of hair follicles that share APMs.
Fujiwara, H., Ferreira, M., Donati, G., Marciano, D., Linton, J., Sato, Y., Hartner, A., Sekiguchi, K., Reichardt, L., & Watt, F. (2011). The Basement Membrane of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Is a Muscle Cell Niche Cell, 144 (4), 577-589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.014
Copyright ©2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
155 Downer Avenue
Nancy Melville Downer Cottage
This two-story, 13-room Victorian home did not always overlook Hingham Harbor; built in 1874, it was moved to this location around 1900. Its original location and occupants are lost to time, but we do know that this is the second house to sit on this lot. The first building at this address was an elaborate, Mansard-roofed “cottage” built around 1881 for Nancy Melville Downer, widow of Melville Garden’s founder Samuel Downer. That cottage was demolished, however, by 1897, shortly after Melville Garden was closed, and at some point before 1909 the current 1874 house was moved to the site.
After Melville Garden closed, the property was not simply abandoned. Some buildings were moved, and many continued to be rented as summer homes, perhaps while the trustees of the estate worked out a plan to subdivide and sell the lots.
This house was purchased from the Downer estate by Marie S. Harvey of Wellesley in 1931. Its assessed value at that time was $10,000.
The house was rented annually, starting in 1939, by Corrado Romano, a coin dealer from Hull, and his wife Mildred. The Romanos purchased it after World War II and raised three children there. Their son, Don C. Romano, like his father a coin dealer, lived in the house with his wife, Susan from 1995 until 2002, when it was sold to the current owners. The current owners have extensively renovated the house, a project which has included adding an addition on the back and restoring the old promenade called Alice Walk, which was once a part of Melville Gardens. The walk is now accessible directly from the house, as it was in Mrs. Melville’s day. Although it may not be the original cottage on the site, the whimsical eclecticism of the house at 155 Downer Avenue echoes the frothy architectural spirit of Melville Gardens’ original buildings. |
Many images exist of American families. These images are interesting because they show the fashions that all members of the family wore over time. HBC has limited its analysis to boys' clothing--itself a massive undertaking. These family photographs help to put the boys clothes into better perspective, showing what girls, women, and men were weraing at the same time. The family portraits also add some cultural context as they provides clues as to the social status or occupation of the parents--until the 20th century mostly the fathers. Most of the portraits are of the privligded classes, but by the late 19th centuries falling prices at photographic studios had brought the family portrait within in the reach most American families. Thus family portaits provide wonderful historical records of fashion. They also offer fascinating insights into the structure of the American family.
HBC has collected information on quite a number of American families. Here we have included both nuclear and extended failies. Often the images we have found do not include every family member. For this section we like to include both the children and adult family members to provide a look at how adults were dressed and what adult clothing was associated with chilfren's fashions. We are also interested in sociolgical facrors associated with family fashion.
We have the names of some of the family images we have found. Unfortunately many are unidentified. So we can only list some of them alphabetically. Of course with paintings the families are usually known. With photographs there are many old images that are not identified. It is useful to cross reference the famililies for which we have the names alphabetically. There are many more families listed in the chronological sections. And of course family names can be searched in the biography sections.
Images of American families over time provide awide range of not only fashion informstion. but insights into American society abnd culture. Even if we have no information about a family image, we can usually estimate the decades represented by the fashions, photograpic charateristics (type, mount, frame, ect.), or other characteristic. Family images are fairly limited before the 19th century. There are paintings, but the numbers of such images are relatively small and mostly limited to the upper classes which could afford the cost. This changed with the the 19th century. One factor was the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America and the great wealth it created. Another factor was invention of photography (1839), but really large numbers do not begin to appear until the introduction of albumen prints and CDVs (1860s). This mean that virtually any family that wanted a portrait could afford to have one made. And in the 20th century with the the appearance of the snapshot and simple, inexpensive amateur photography we move outside the studio snd formal images. We thus have much greater insights into family life.
Many available photographs show boys by themselves or with one oir two siblings. Hundreds of these portaits have been added to HBC. They provide in many cases insights on how parents accounted for age in clothing selected for their children. They also raise interestuing questions about sbling relationships. One American reader writes, "I don't think it's any secret that at least 90 percent of people have. Many don't get on with each other well, when adults. This usually extends back to childhood. I know quite a few brothers
who, every now and again, physically scrap with each other, as adults.
They maybe the exception, they do. My brother and I are civil with
each other, and can co-operate in a cause. As children we did not get along well."
The nuclear family of mom and dad and one or two children is now the standard Americamn family. This of course was not always the case. Families used to be larger, a reflection of the largely agricultural backgrounds of most American families. We not only notice more children, but also other fmily members such as grandparents, uncles, and aunts. In the era before Social Security, groen-up children were expected to care for their parents in old age. Maiden aunts were also taken in by family members. This of course in some cases made fir very large families. We can see this in several of the HBC 19th century family pages. Affluent families might have servants are help for the more modestly affluent. These people would not have been considered family members. One exception here was help that cared for the children, nurse maids and governesses. Nanny that stayed with the family over an extended period may havevbeen considered quasi-family members. This varied from family to family. In some instances, nannies who cared for a child might also care for that grown-up child's children. In some 19th century families, the children might be closer to the nannies and governesses than the parents.
One convention that can be seen in many family portaits is age grading. This is actually related to the convention of dressing children in identical or coordinated outfits. Age grading was also used when the children were dressed in differehnt types, but not necesarily identical outfits. This is of course adopted with children that are close in age. In the 19th and early 20th century, families were commonly larger than they are today. Thus it was not appropriate to dress all the children alike. In large families there mighgt be two or three levels of age grading. There were alson refinements of age grading. Children might, for example, wear the same suit, but with alterations such as different collars and neck wear ot trouser types. There are many examples of age grading on HBC. We will start to link some of the here as examples. A good example of a family whichpracticed this approach is the Rockefellers. We note an Louisiana family (1924). Age grading is a convention that virtually disappeared in the late 20th century. We are not sure why age grading when out of style.
Navigate the Boys' Historical Clothing Web Site:
[Return to the Main U.S. country page]
[Return to the Main family page]
[Introduction] [Activities] [Biographies] [Chronology] [Clothing styles] [Countries] [Essays] [Girls]
[Bibliographies] [Contributions] [FAQs] [Glossaries] [Images] [Links] [Registration] [Tools]
[ Boys' Clothing Home] |
Rationing is today generally associated with World War II. The War required such a gargantian national effort on the part of the principal combatents that it was necessary that everybody did what was in their power to support the war effort. World War II was not, however, the only time that rationing has been employed. It has been used many times before and after. There was rationing in old War I. Many counties continued rationing several years after World War II. There was extensive rationing in Communist countries because of persistent shortages of consumer goods. Cubans even in the 2000s are issued ration booklets.
We have little information about rationing in World War I at this time. A Polish reader tells us, "I have found rationing cards for shoes issued in 1918 during World War I. They were issued in Warsaw which was part of the Government General formed in Polish areas seized from the Russians. They were for school children and students. I haven't found any other example of cards for shoes during World War I so I consider them very unusual."
Concerning the World War I cards for shoes in Warsaw, Polish municipal authorities under German occupation authorized the manuacture of shoes initially for low-wage munipal workers and later for the poorest youngsters going to school and universities. Shoes were distributed with ration cards of four kinds (colors). Shoes were distributed with those cards up to June 1918 and may be a little later.
Navigate the Boys' Historical Clothing Web Site:
[Return to the Main fabric page]
[Introduction] [Activities] [Biographies] [Chronology] [Clothing styles] [Countries]
[Bibliographies] [Contributions] [FAQs] [Glossaries] [Satellite sites] [Tools]
[Boys' Clothing Home]
Navigate the Historic Boys' Clothing Web chronological pages:
[The 1840s] [The 1900s] [The 1930s] [The 1940s] [The 1950s]
[The 1960s] [The 1970s] [The 1980s] |
Long stockings were commonly worn by both boys and girls. We note countless portraits showing both boys and girls wearing them. Some portraits show all the children in the family wearing them. In some cases boys wear long stockings and girls wear socles. In other photographs we see just the opposite. Here it is difficult to discern any real pattern. We have no idea why long stockings were worn in some instances and not in others. In fact, we wonder why parents would dress some children in long stockings and other children in socks for the same occassion. We seem to note boys and girls wearing long stockings to a similar extent in the 19th and early 20th century. After World War I both boys and girls continued to wear them, aklthough we seem to note fewer older boys wearing them.
A reader writes, "I wonder if it was an age convention. I often see photos of children younger than a certain age in socks and the older sibling in stockings. Maybe this is the same here." Yes I think age can be a factor, but not with the two here. My guess is that the girl had long stockings and the boy had socks.
Another reader writes, "I suspect that in this case the mother chose long stockings for the boy because they went with his dark, formal-looking sailor suit. It is true that we see German boys with sailor suits and knee socks occasionally, but I think the convention--at least up through the 1930s--was to wear black or dark brown long stockings with dark sailor suits. The convention may have been a bit more flexible with summer or light-colored sailor suits."
Navigate Related Hosiery Pages:
[Return to the main Main stockings gender trends page]
[Return to the main Long stockings]
[Return to the main hosiery page]
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The following case studies and profiles relate to the 2017 Heritage Counts research on conservation areas. They focus on three themes throughout England's nine regions.
Case studies - conservation area profiles
Overviews of conservation areas and how they can often be seen to encourage such attributes as sustainable growth over the long term, heritage protection for future generations, increased in wellbeing, as well as other societal benefits, rather than short term growth through opportunistic developments.
Case studies - developers in a conservation area
Descriptions of developers that work in conservation areas, and their views on these areas regarding a wide range of topics and issues.
Case studies - Heritage Action Zone conservation area profiles
Focusing on the conservation areas at the heart of each region's Heritage Action Zone (HAZ). |
There’s more to writing for magazines than getting your name into Cosmopolitan. Thousands of new magazines are launched every year and it’s a big market for
Writing Career Advice : How to Become a Freelance Magazine Article Writer
Becoming a successful freelance magazine article writer involves adopting the voice of the desired magazines, as they often look for a cohesive style that…
Writing For Magazines – Daily Writing Tips
Want to write for magazines? You can. Write for online and print magazines, and develop a powerful writing career…
They have a multi billion dollar industry in tools to make lawn management easier, fertilizers to make lawns grow better, chemicals to kill lawn problems. My topic is Do we have an “ethical” obligation to help one another.
The play is a comedy, which appears to be written for the amusement of men. Have a glass of chocolate milk and try again after you have spent some time contemplating not the number of words but what your essay was supposed to be about.
I had to writing magazines a 500 magazines essay to be accepted in a youth leadership program. He writing magazines be in the states in very soon and will be coming writing magazines your Place writing 1 hour each morningafternoonevening. Here is the sentence that Writing magazines need help with grammarWhat was not familiar that day and what writing magazines and delighted me, WERE the smiling children who waited wide-eyed for my writing magazines.
My grandmother repeated writing magazines and many writing magazines things for over two writing magazines. The government has no right to intervene in the drawing of a legal contract between two consenting adults if it does not lead the the initiation of physical force upon an unwilling participant. However the level of writing essays has changed and I wouldnt mind reviewing someone doing an essay for me (to get the references and ideas) and not striclty copy it.
though you can extent the ending a bit by lengthening their conversation. )They would be free to concentrate on their studies and excel.
Magazine Writing Leads To Books – Right Writing Home Page
Some Basics on Magazine Writing. by W. Terry Whalin. Blank page. You roll the paper into the typewriter and sit there poised with your hands on the keys…
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“The passage below is an excerpt from a collection of essays titled What Are People For. However, in their case against abortion pro-life constituents try to connect an increase magazines child abuse with abortion. There are some kids that have this idea that high school writing college education is not necessary to get magazines good job and magazines decent money. Keep it in your folder with the writing magazines you have submitted. These are attributes that social workers should practice as professionals and in their everyday lives. My mother came in my room with my sister, Hannah. How involved are your parents in that decision. Animals are given the wrong tests because they cant speak3. Human society both can and has changed – quite dramatically – but God does not change. I would say art is what youre passionate about. |
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The fundamentals on how to write a thesis
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It might be a whole bunch of troubles to be able to do justice to create either in the two.A thesis can’t be a quick paragraph, a thesis must have just about zero grammatical error and should not deviate from the point or topic.You will discover a set of rules that defines thesis writings, as these guidelines make it less complicated to understand and hold a reference to.To write a thesis, one have to gather each of the relevant data on the topic.
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Inside the castle, Mr Monkey scampered up a narrow staircase onto the first of the Outer Defences. These defences were built between 1708 and 1714, to protect the castle from artillery fire. Mr Monkey looked down on the Esplanade, and watched people crossing the bridge into the castle. Behind him, he could see the top of the Palace, and a tiny bit of the Great Hall.
You can read about Stirling Castle at the Historic Scotland website and at the Undiscovered Scotland website.
Copyright Rik Shepherd and Mr Monkey. This page last modified 5 September 2005 |
Every women experiences differently the menstrual cycle. In some of them, there will be some abnormal cramps together with stomach harassment and headaches and in others, there will only be abnormal cramps and so on. The color of the menstrual blood is usually red and pink sometimes, but some women during their period have black or brownish and they feel worried. As we already mentioned, the cycle is different for every women.
All this means that some women will have darker and some brighter color of the blood, some of them will also experience bleeding which is outside the cycle. You must know that each color of the blood indicates something, and by that, you will know when is the right time to visit your gynecologist.
1. Bright color
Having bright color of the blood during your period is nothing you should be worried about. There are a lot of factors that can be the reason for that, such as having a busy day, so the blood is running fast out of the body and there is not time for it to darken. But if this lasts for longer period, more than a week, and if the blood does not fade and it becomes pinkish, you should start worrying about it.
2. Brown – black color
This color of the blood can be usually noticed early in the morning and the reason for that is because the blood has been in the uterus for a longer period. This maybe sounds like something that should really worry you, but it actually the opposite, as in most of the cases this is normal as the blood remained for longer period in the womb. But, when the blood starts becoming yellowish, this may be a sign of infection, and that is the right time of doing something.
3. Dark red color
This type of color is also nothing that should be worrying you. Having red colors of the blood is something normal actually. But, when the bleeding lasts more than usual and the color does not fade, you should start worrying. That can be sign of spontaneous miscarriage or in some cases even tumor.
4. Orange – red color
Having this color of the blood during period is a sign that you should immediately visit your gynecologist.
THIS USUALLY COMES WITH ODOR AND AFTER NOTICING IT YOU SHOULD VISIT THE DOCTOR, AS IT MAY BE A SIGN OF SOME INFECTION.
5. Pink color
This is the normal color of the blood during the menstrual period. It can also be a sign of early pregnancy, hormonal disorder or diseases of the reproductive organs if it occurs earlier. So, if this happens to you, you should visit the gynecologist for sure. |
Employee Morale: Driving Performance in Challenging Times by David Bowles and Cary Cooper
David and Cary created a well-written and well thought out book on employee morale and the links between morale and performance. The biggest benefit of morale is individual and organizational performance and the authors present the evidence for “morale correlating highly with, and driving, performance is strong and growing” (p.59). Morale can empower of disable the organization’s ability to achieve its goals.
A question (questions) of morale. Here is a thoughtful section that began Chapter 2:
Its Monday morning in Beijing, London or Sydney; do you really know how your employees there are doing?
- How do you know?
- From whom did you learn it?
- Do those from whom you learned it represent the whole organization?
- When did you least find out?
- Could there have been a shift since then?
- Are you SURE that what you know is true?
- What are the consequences if what you think is true, is not?
Management upgrade. The most practical chapter was chapter 5 on creating/maintaining the high morale organization. We can manage morale and the strongest effect on morale is a “management upgrade.” The authors offer a number of perspective and suggestions around strengthening morale through strengthening management.
I recommend the book and it would make a great textbook for a university course or Morale and Organizational Behavior. |
Most foods are easily susceptible to bacterial and fungal contamination as well as other food hazards and they require special care to be safe for consumption. Good food hygiene practices must be upheld at all times when food is prepared or handled to avoid sickness, poisoning and other medical problems.
You can read more about all the food hazards that can make food dangerous for your health in our “Food Hygiene Hazards and how to avoid them 101: From bread mold to killer neurotoxins.” article.
Let’s see together some important points about food preparation and proper food handling according to the proper standards of food hygiene.
- All surfaces that will come into contact with food must be kept clean at all times.
- Any dishes, pots, utensils or other cooking tools must also be clean before using them for cooking and must also be cleaned promptly after cooking is done.
- Toddler’s feeding equipment must be sterilized according to the manufacturer’s standards. This is imperative as a young person’s immune system is relatively weak and thus more susceptible to infections and diseases than an adult’s.
- Young children should be properly educated from a very early age about the importance of good personal and food hygiene.
- Pets should not be allowed to eat in the same space as you. It is best to allocate separate eating and toilet spaces for your pets, away from your kitchen.
- Before handling food as well as after food preparation you must wash your hands. Preferably with warm water and with an appropriate cleaning agent.
- Food that has fallen to the floor must be discarded. (Sorry, 3-second rule is bogus!) Even clean floors house at least tens of millions of bacteria per square meter.
- Ovens, refrigerators, cupboards and other kitchen equipment must be cleaned frequently.
- Never use expired food products! Check expiry dates of products before using and discard expired food. |
Iran and China have consolidated their cooperation at the highest level, the Chinese president said at a meeting with President Rouhani.
At a meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping Monday, President Rouhani underlined Beijing’s important role in the success of nuclear talks between Tehran and six world powers and said, “No power can influence good relations between Tehran and Beijing.”
He said, “The Islamic Republic of Iran will not forget its friends that had good relations with the country during the difficult conditions created by sanctions,” adding that friendly Tehran-Beijing ties cannot be influenced by any power.
The Chinese president, for his part, said that China and Iran have lot in common in bilateral relations as well as international and regional issues and they have consolidated their cooperation at the highest level.
“Iran and China can further broaden this trend through their cooperation in a bid to bring more welfare for their nations,” he added. |
Character is the ability to carry out a good resolution long after the excitement of the moment has passed.
— Cavett Robert
Small deeds done are better than great deeds planned.
— Peter Marshall
Half finished work generally proves to be labor lost.
— Abraham Lincoln
Look at a day when you are supremely satisfied at the end. It’s not a day when you lounge around doing nothing; it’s when you’ve had everything to do, and you’ve done it.
— Margaret Thatcher
I always have good finishes. You go as hard as you can until the end. You can always rest when it’s over.
— Janet Evans
Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it into small jobs.
— Henry Ford
Little bitty things make the big difference.
— Dan Reeves
In great affairs men show themselves as they wish to be seen; in small things they show themselves as they are.
— Nicholas Chamfort
We cannot do great deeds unless we are willing to do the small things that make up the sum of greatness.
— Theodore Roosevelt
I have never been especially impressed by the heroics of people convinced that they are about to change the world. I am more awed by those who struggle to make one small difference after another.
— Ellen Goodman
I long to accomplish a great and noble task; but it is my chief duty and job to accomplish humble tasks as though they were great and noble. The world is moved along, not only by the mighty shoves of its heroes, but also by the tiny pushes of each honest worker.
— Helen Keller
You must be willing to do the things that are not fun.
— Pat Summitt
The point is not to do remarkable things, but to do ordinary things with the conviction of their immense importance.
— Teihard de Chardin
Do not despise the bottom rungs in the ascent to greatness.
— Publilius Syrus
A little neglect may breed great mischief. For want of a nail, the shoe was lost; for want of a shoe, the horse was lost; for want of a horse, the battle was lost; for want of the battle, the war was lost.
— Benjamin Franklin
Happiness is found along the way, not at the end of the road.
— Sheryl Johnson
The process of getting there – all the blood, sweat and tears, all the lumps and disappointments – is what makes winning great.
— Joe Gibbs
When you understand that your happiness comes from the process, instead of the results, it becomes much easier to embrace the importance of working your hardest at every job.
— Russell Simmons
The real magic is not so much in achieving the victory, itself. The real magic is in the journey we take to get there.
— Phil Mickelson
Live your life each day as you would climb a mountain. An occasional glance toward the summit keeps the goal in mind, but many beautiful scenes are to be observed from each new vantage point. Climb slowly, steadily, enjoying each passing moment; and the view from the summit will serve as a fitting climax for the journey.
— Harold Melchart
More money is not the answer; more discipline is. Until you decide to live on what you already make, more money will not help.
— Larry Burkett
Your plan to get wealth must include a willingness to do what you do best regardless of whether you are in the spotlight or behind the scenes, if you receive adequate compensation or are underpaid.
— T.D. Jakes
He who gathers money little by little makes it grow.
— Proverbs 13:11
God can release financial increase to those who will not be controlled by the love of money.
— T.D. Jakes
As a kid, my dad made us value everything we ever earned. If I wanted a new pair of skates, I had to caddy for weeks to earn the money to buy them. If I needed a new stick, I cleaned out the stalls in our local hockey rink to earn the money to buy it. You never get something for nothing in our house. It made me appreciate everything that was dear to me.
— Pat LaFontaine
It’s in the little things and in the lonely places that we prove ourselves capable of the big things.
— Charles Swindoll
Every small, positive change we can make in ourselves repays us in confidence in the future.
— Alice Walker
Victory is won not in miles but in inches. Win a little now, hold your ground and later win a little more.
— Louis L’Armour
It is the sweet, simple things of life which are the real ones after all.
— Laura Ingalls Wilder
We must not, in trying to think about how we can make a big difference, ignore the small daily differences we can make which, over time, add up to big differences that we often cannot foresee.
— Marian Edelman
Many things which cannot be overcome when they are together, yield themselves up when taken little by little.
Whoever can be trusted with very little can also be trusted with much.
— Luke 16:10
The power of a man’s virtue should not be measured by his special efforts, but by his ordinary doing.
— Blaise Pascal
Don’t be afraid to give your best to what seemingly are small jobs. Every time you conquer one it makes you that much stronger. If you do the little jobs well, the big ones will tend to take care of themselves.
— Dale Carnegie |
Ian Boyne | Why even happy people cheat
Is it only people who are bored or discontented with their marriages who cheat? Is cheating a sign of some inadequacy in a marriage? Do happy couples cheat? Yes, says marriage therapist Esther Perel in her new book, The State of Affairs: Rethinking Infidelity, parts of which were recently excerpted in The Atlantic.
Perel, who has counselled cheating couples all over the world, explodes the myth that happy couples don't cheat, and she makes a compelling case as to why even they would. She instances cheating wife Priya, who says: "Colin and I have a wonderful relationship. Great kids, no financial stresses, careers we love, great friends. He is a phenom at work, f...ing handsome, attractive lover, fit ... . My life is good." Yet she is addicted to her affaire with a truck man, calling it off only to plunge herself in it again.
It's amazing when you really think about it that people often feel such a sense of shock and betrayal when a spouse has an affaire. I often think that people don't consider the consequences of ideas or cultural trends. We are fiercely anti-intellectual and pride ourselves on being "practical people" who despise "theory", a word of abuse. Yet we have never quite come to terms with the fruits of the spirit of the age. This is an age where the sovereignty of desire is pre-eminent. The most sacred value is self-fulfilment, self-gratification. There is nothing greater than giving full expression to one's desires.
Look after Number One as our famed disc jock Alan Magnus used to say. That aptly summarised modernity's credo.
Marriage is seen as merely the pursuit of that self-fulfilment - two halves trying to make a whole. An incomplete person trying to find himself or herself in the other person. Words like 'commitment', 'fidelity', and 'discipline' are honoured ceremonially. They are the right things to say and invoke, but we all know in our heart of hearts that they mean absolutely nothing in the real world, for in that real world, our only rule is to 'Look After Number One'.
WHY NOT CHEAT?
So I have a happy, fulfilling marriage, with a gorgeous, ravishing wife. But I have a chance to have a new, scintillating experience with a fresh, even more gorgeous body. I can experience new heights of ecstasy. Why not go for it? Especially if I can get away with it and my wife doesn't have to know. As we say in Jamaica, weh eye nuh see, heart nuh leap.
If you or I can get away with cheating, why not? If your overarching principle is the maximisation of pleasure and new experiences, why not go for it? What would prevent you? Some archaic notion about having sex with only one person? Who taught us that? Where did that come from? Was it ordained by God? But if you have thrown out any notion of ethics from on high, why hold absolutely to fidelity?
If you are a deist like Michael Abrahams who does not believe in any Bible or revealed religion, or an atheist like columnist Mark Wignall and letter writer Ethon Lowe, what objective, morally unassailable reason would you have not to cheat even once especially if your partner doesn't have to find out and be hurt? If you are not hurting anybody even subjectively and are pretty sure you can keep this down, why give up that new, heavenly, orgasmic experience, Michael, Mark, and Ethon?
As Perel says in her book: "We live in an age of entitlement; personal fulfilment, we believe, is our due. In the West, sex is a right linked to our individuality, our self-actualisation and our freedom ... . No conversation about relationships can avoid the thorny topic of rules and all-too-human desire to break them. Bucking the rules is an assertion of freedom over convention and self over society."
Having an affaire can be liberating and empowering, some would say. And in an age that privileges the self and its gratification, and in a culture that valorises personal satisfaction, self-expression trumps everything. Ideas have conferences. We have long passed the age of Plato, where the value of the rider's controlling that galloping horse was extolled. There was a time when using willpower to discipline our baser instincts was prized. We have long thrown off platonic restraints or religious scruples. Now, we are down to the rule of our animal nature.
The last shreds of Judaeo-Christian culture and its earlier philosophical moorings are being scattered, yet naive secularists including Hollywood stars, sports celebrities, and Washington elites are expressing shock, dismay, and bewilderment over sex scandals like Weinstein's, etc. What's so shocking about our philosophical chickens coming home to roost?
Now this is not to make the naive, easily debunkable point that religion, per se, is the answer to our infidelity problem. Religious people are among the most promiscuous, adulterous, and morally perverse people. Pastors and priests are among the most lecherous and sexually loose. Being religious does not inoculate us against cheating. That's not the point. It is not that religious values insulate us against cheating or sexual promiscuity. It is that without a moral compass, without a philosophical base and reference point, without the holding of some moral absolutes and the meta-ethical theory to ground it being faithful to one's spouse is dicey.
The Christian might cheat, but if he genuinely believes that it is morally wrong and feels guilty, for there is an objective moral order supervised by a personal God who is the Source of morality, that is a strong base of control for him, rather than someone who believes that norms like sexual fidelity are merely social constructs or a matter of cultural relativism.
I ask, why do people feel betrayed by an affaire? What grounds the view that a spouse really objectively owes his partner sexual exclusivity? Interrogate that. Yes, that's the accepted view. But is it objectively and absolutely true? How do you know that? We have thrown off many things society has taught us. Many have rejected the view that heterosexuality is the only moral option. We have long rejected the view that sex before marriage is sin. Why do we still hang on to the view that an extramarital affaire is morally shameful, disgusting, and wrong?
Even sophisticated people in enlightened societies react with anger and disgust over the affaires of their partners. Why? It seems to be a religious hangover, with no more objectively moral basis, some could argue, than the condemnation of homosexuality, abortion, contraception, divorce, or premarital sex.
Professor F.L. Jackson, in the philosophical journal Animus (Volume 6, 2001), says, "The freedom of the individual is modernity's absolute." He goes on: "The authority of the institution of marriage would seem especially compromised by an ethics wherein individual freedom pre-empts every other basis of human compact. Vows declaring two individuals permanently one in the sight of God, a bond no one may put asunder, are taken as mostly as quaint rhetoric or archaic poetry."
Jackson says: "Ethically, radical individual freedom yields the principle that one has an absolute right to choose ... . This principle is devastating when applied to social and ethical institutions" like marriage. Let deists and arch-critic of Christianity Michael Abrahams tell me by what morally objective, transcultural philosophical absolute is it wrong for him never to sleep with anyone, however tempting, except his very beautiful and charming wife, Gail? Seriously. Why should Mark Wignall be faithful to 'Chupski', or why should he be hurt if she gives it away? By what objective philosophical principle can he rule out cheating? Isn't this one-man, one-woman view just a backward carryover from our Stone Age religious past?
I can stray just as easily as Wignall, Abrahams, or Lowe. That's not the point. The point is, why be alarmed and even call it 'cheating', if we don't accept the existence of moral absolutes?
We don't have a culture or a philosophical foundation of self-restraint. Rather, it's one of self-gratification and self-indulgence. In a culture like this, talking about cheating being a betrayal, or wicked, is just plain foolishness and blindness. We can't eat our philosophical cake and have it. |
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Essays and criticism on daniel keyes' flowers for algernon - critical essays. Scientific name: nelumbo nucifera lotus (also indian lotus, sacred lotus) is the national flower of india it is a beautiful flower with appealing color and fragrance. The importance of plants lies in that they contribute greatly to awesome material for kids it is a good essay for children to learn about plants or trees. Flowers are the most beautiful creation of god their sight is a joy forever they are a subject of poetry and no natural description is complete without reference to. |
Microsoft seems to be paying a lot to buy LinkedIn if you just look at the “P&L” side of the deal.
But if you examine the long term MSFT strategy of making Office 365 thepervasive business and social platform for documents, presentations and spreadsheets, then it makes the deal worth the investment cost.
In doing work for a local healthcare product venture, I was asked to look at the network and database requirements to support mixed content transactions, video streaming all while conforming to HIPAA compliance standards. As a part of this work, I developed a Web Services Cloud-based architecture that took into account, ERH, HL7, document management and provider notation.
This tasking led me to a deep dive on the data architecture and DB requirements analysis that was required to develop the architecture.
The question of utilizing standard RDBMS (SQL) VS NoSQL was an immediate consideration. My conclusion…. It depends on a large number of technical, business and regulatory factors to derive the appropriate architectural answers. For example, what other external systems are interfaced to the applications and how do they require interaction? In general with the prolific growth in web services, mobile and cloud computing today’s enterprise will require a polyglot data architecture to satisfy all stakeholders.
A look at Healcareinformatics provides an operational insight into some of the complexities.
“Healthonomics” can be the key driving factor to trigger enterprise decisions to support multiple types of DB solutions woven together in a heterogeneous way delivering a network of web services that affect healthcare outcomes.
As we start to see the uptake in 4K video content, suppliers of CPUs, NIC (Network Interface Cards), networks (LAN, WLAN, Wi-Fi) and storage technologies will all be struggling to “step up to the plate” in meeting the challenges of this disruptive Video format. Also IAAS platform providers will face huge challenges to configure cloud components that can be rapidly provisioned for 4K content or Video Streaming. Even the security industry will be affected regarding the video surveillance infrastructure (see this Video Security Magazine article).
This is a Technologies Strategic Directions “Sleeping Inflection Point” for multiple industries, manufacturers, eworkers and information consumers.
Ultra-high definition (UHD) resolution is 3840×2160 Pixels now used in displays and broadcast., This does not equal 4K (4096×2160 Pixels) used in digital cinema. People tend to used them interchangeably but there is a significant difference in impact on the networking bandwidth required to service consumption of 4K.
We all are aware from a display technology perspective that TVs are now offering this content. However, how about other network and computer infrastructure components? When will they be able to handle the disruptive impact of 4K?
A recent article of an interview with the Red Hat CEO touts the benefits of private cloud implementation. See it at HERE
This debate is usually short sited and doesn’t include all CAPEX & OPEX cost associated with the “Free OS” type of cloud operations. Also the reusable components from more sophisticated partner communities afford both AWS & AZURE much greater long term valuations when responsible Enterprise accounting methods are used to drive the cost benefits analyses. The proper engineering of a cloud infrastructure which includes smart VMs well orchestrated by business-demand-level-driven auto scaling will always push the TCO/ROI argument to a public solution for large scale systems.
Microsoft actually has a TCO tool that they can use to estimate TCO of on-premises vs. Azure. There are many considerations when comparing costs of running an on-premises datacenter with full infrastructure, servers, cooling, power etc to a cloud-based service like Azure where you pay a cost based on the services consumed such as storage, compute and network egress. It can be difficult to know exactly what typical costs are for your datacenter and what the costs would be for services running in Azure. Microsoft has a pricing calculator available at http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/calculator/ which can help access costs for Azure services and a VM specific calculator at http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/calculator/virtual-machines/.
When running on-premises, you own the servers. They are available all the time which means you typically leave workloads running constantly even though they may actually only be needed during the work week. There is really no additional cost to leave them running (apart from power, cooling etc). In the cloud you pay based on consumption which means organizations go through a paradigm shift. Rather than leaving VMs and services running all the time companies focus on running services when needed to optimize their public cloud spend. Some ways that can help optimize services running are:
Auto-scale – The ability to group multiple instances of a VM/service and instances are started and stopped based on various usage metrics such as CPU and queue depth. With PaaS instances can even be created/destroyed as required
Azure Automation – The ability to run PowerShell Workflows in Azure and templates are provided to start and stop services at certain times of day making it easy to stop services at the end of the day then start them again at the start of day
Local Automation – Use an on-premises solution such as PowerShell or System Center Orchestrator to connect to Azure via REST to stop/start services
I’ve been digesting and expanding on an interesting white paper authored by the Microsoft Azure Incubation team titled: Building the Internet of Things– Early learnings from architecting solutions focused on predictive maintenance. I agree with the premise tha ubiquity in connection technology will be the key enabler and that predictive maintenance will probably be required to instantiate a true global ubiquitous connection state. Recently MS is changing their terminology from Internet of Things to Internet of Everything (IoE). Here I use them interchangeably A key technical enabler of the Internet of Things (IoT) is ubiquitous connectivity. A week or so ago I blogged about a new technology called Active Steering(TM) which should be the winner in patented connectivity hardware/Software/Firmware for antenna products.
Just imagine that the antenna on your device was constantly sampling the wireless signals around your location and finding the strongest source and directing the focus of the antenna to that source. That is what an Active Steering antenna does on your phone, tablet or PC. By using this technique the system is also performing predictive maintenance on the connectivity configuration for your specific device and location. Let’s first look at the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Even though the Internet model uses a simplified abstraction, the models in the previous figure and the associated well-known logical protocols are comparable. Application-layer protocols are not concerned with the lower-level layers in the stack other than being aware of the key attributes of those layers, such as IP addresses and ports. The right side of the figure shows the logical protocol breakdown transposed over the OSI model and the TCP/IP model.
Special-purpose devices differ not only in the depth of their relationship with back-end services, but in the interaction patterns of these services when compared to information-centric devices because of their role as peripherals. They are not the origin of command-and-control gestures; instead, they typically contribute information to decisions, and receive commands as a result of decisions. The decision-maker does not interface with them locally, and the device acts as an immediate proxy; the decision-maker is remotely connected and might be a machine. We usually classify interaction patterns for special-purpose devices into the four categories indicated in the following figure.
All of these models need uninterrupted connectivity to enable the ultimate user experience that Windows 10 could offer with the addition of Active Steering Technologies at the Platform level.
As a member of the Windows Insider Program I have had a while now to install, investigate and update the Windows 10 Technical Preview. I took a 12 year old HP Windows 7 PC and upgraded it to Windows 10. All of my hardware & programs worked flawlessly. The new browser (code named “Project Spartan” ) is really a big step forward in performance and functionality. Key features are built-in natively to the browser and their major purpose is to make web-services content easier to read, share and comment on.
Other more important revelations have to do with the stated goals of Microsoft regarding their key technology – Windows. According to the new CEO Satya Nadella, “Windows 10 marks the beginning of the more personal computing era in the mobile-first, cloud-first world.Our ambition is for the 1.5 billion people who are using Windows today to fall in love with Windows 10 and for billions more to decide to make Windows home.” If you look at the new offerings superimposed on the backdrop of existing “must have” applications, Microsoft seems determined to make itself through Windows the big dog in the internet services arena. According to Terry Myerson, “We think of Windows as a Service – in fact, one could reasonably think of Windows in the next couple of years as one of the largest Internet services on the planet.”
He continued to state that, “Windows 10 is the first step to an era of more personal computing. This vision framed our work on Windows 10, where we are moving Windows from its heritage of enabling a single device – the PC – to a world that is more mobile, natural and grounded in trust. We believe your experiences should be mobile – not just your devices. Technology should be out of the way and your apps, services and content should move with you across devices, seamlessly and easily. In our connected and transparent world, we know that people care deeply about privacy – and so do we. That’s why everything we do puts you in control – because you are our customer, not our product. We also believe that interacting with technology should be as natural as interacting with people – using voice, pen, gestures and even gaze for the right interaction, in the right way, at the right time. These concepts led our development and you saw them come to life today. “
My firm has been engaged by one of the world’s largest small appliance manufacturing PRC-based companies to architect and implement a cloud/mobile/appliance IoT offering. This new small wine appliance will be launched in Q4 of 2014.
In fact this is an exciting project where WilQuest is Partnering with Microsoft, interKnowlogy, Tridea Partners and others to create a “Cloud of Things” CoT infrastructre where a global software/hardware engineering team is developing products on Azure,Windows 8, Android, iPhone, iPad, Intel and ARM platforms to create a seamless web srevices orchestration of devices and applications that each perform a segment of a task that the end user request via gesture/mouse/keyboard action.
It seems that that is the case. In fact the old-style justifications for on site servers and attendant OpEx costs don’t seem to make sense any more. Read this interesting article Is the data center in the Cloud or is the Cloud in the data center?
As heterogeneous computing starts to grow, intelligent networking will be the facilitators of smart enterprise systems architecture. Basically hardware vendors are beginning to put intelligent silicon on network adaptors. This provides the ability through deep packet inspection to realistically provide Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and true Software Defined Networks (SDN) as a part of hardware/software computing infrastructure. This requires an intelligent NIC, Software Defined Networks (SDN) & Web Services/Cloud Servers must be engineered to “be aware” of the intelligence in the hardware so that software can make smart choices based on business logic context.
Both Intel and Google are eyeing the lucrative video delivery domain for possible new expansions. This area if done properly by these two giants could provide a major disruptive technology and business set of offerings changing the face of the computer and TV industries. This may become the major “big stakes” battlefield of the next-gen TV services domain space.
Apple is probably thinking in terms of the “next generation” TV service. With its feet already wet via You Tube, they are giving strong signals that hey are serious about becoming players in this domain.
If able to pull it off, Intel will evolve to the next instantiation of this historic enterprise. This launch (probably 2014-ish) will challenge Intel’s ability to break away from its old internal models and practices to re-invent the enterprise to deal with content as an additional vehicle to achieve revenue goals rather than just HW. If OnCue is allowed to operate as an independent company with separate iMBOs, they may have a chance. The new blood recruited from various media sectors can help if they are given free reigns to establish a separate Intel subculture. Has that ever really worked before for Intel???? |
Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is associated with common variants in three intronic and intergenic regions in MEIS1, BTBD9, and MAP2K5/LBXCOR1 on chromosomes 2p, 6p and 15q.
Methods: Our study investigated these variants in 649 RLS patients and 1230 controls from the Czech Republic (290 cases and 450 controls), Austria (269 cases and 611 controls) and Finland (90 cases and 169 controls). Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the three genomic regions were selected according to the results of previous genome-wide scans. Samples were genotyped using Sequenom platforms.
Results: We replicated associations for all loci in the combined samples set (rs2300478 in MEIS1, p = 1.26×10−5, odds ratio (OR) = 1.47, rs3923809 in BTBD9, p = 4.11×10−5, OR = 1.58 and rs6494696 in MAP2K5/LBXCOR1, p = 0.04764, OR = 1.27). Analysing only familial cases against all controls, all three loci were significantly associated. Using sporadic cases only, we could confirm the association only with BTBD9.
Conclusion: Our study shows that variants in these three loci confer consistent disease risks in patients of European descent. Among the known loci, BTBD9 seems to be the most consistent in its effect on RLS across populations and is also most independent of familial clustering.
Statistics from Altmetric.com
Funding: KS and JV were supported by a grant MSM0021620816. The group of Czech healthy controls was recruited and sampled within the frame of grant IGA NR 8563-5, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic.
Competing interests: None.
Patient consent: Obtained.
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Facebook, Twitter, and Linkedin and countless others. Most professionals uses these sites to improved and increase business contracts.
Many recruiters and business routinely search these online profiles to see more information about applicants. People should make an effort to make their profiles look professional and show off talents.
Managing and mining social media has become an important part of business public relations. Social media can really improve prospects both professionally and socially if managed well.
Wednesday, June 30, 2010
Monday, June 21, 2010
The most effective way to learn how to win is being mentally tough. You must come to the realization that every emotion, motion, and act contributes to a positive outcome. Winning is really an end result of being able to perform your best when it counts the most. Preparing yourself to give the best performance regardless of outcome prepares you mentally to win.
Winning does not guarantee happiness, so defining success can provide some inner peace. Reaching for a goal and enjoying the journey there gives us a chance for fulfillment.
Strength and success is a true inner belief and a positive attitude. Learning to win and being success is a journey, brick by brick, down the golden road. Let enjoy the journey!
Wednesday, June 9, 2010
For years striving to achieve a six pack of abs but always only achieving a three pack. If achieving a three pack is reality, does accepting this image define getting real.
Achieving physical beauty is only part of the mix, but being comfortable with who you are is equally important. When you look in the mirror or walk down the beach, it nice to be happy with your image. Hopefully, insanity work out will lead to the six pack abs I been looking for. Enjoy your summer and have yourself a day at the beach! Here is to a great look!
Sunday, June 6, 2010
BP and their CEO have not take responsiblity for the worst oil spill in U.S. history and they have to pay dearly. Us as consumers must take repsonbility and never purchase purchase products from companies that do not act responsible. In some sense, the US work force and consumers must fight to keep and bring jobs into the US.
As more individuals fail to take repsonbility, more over all corruption occurs. The US as a country and inviduals in particular must get back to doing the right thing. Fight for a better tomorrow and a bright future.
Tuesday, June 1, 2010
The primary cause of the oil spill disaster is the British Petroleum management pushed to continue to make huge profits in the tune of millions per day over implementing and testing safety and security measures to protect the environment and it's employees.
There is an alarming number of industries (banking for example) that have been allowed to focus only on profits, the results have been catastrophic for consumers; and this trend will continue until consumers vote with their dollars. I believe management can balance making profits while providing safety and protection for the environment.
After reviewing British Petroleum summary of what caused the disaster, it is clear that safety was secondary and Government over site and enforcement was lacking at best. The overall set up of the oil rig (which is true across the oil industry) lacks the automatic kill to the oil well that is used in most countries in Europe. This whole incident high lights how far behind the world the US is in regards to developing and managing energy.
The main issue related to the oil disaster is mechanism called the blow out preventer. The oil ring owner and
British Petroleum knew there was a problem with this device, that was never addressed. The systems used to measure and test oil pressure to prevent an explosion failed along with emergency disconnect system. The failure of all these systems is not coincidence, but systemic. Obviously the government decision to provide waivers on this project is tragic.
British Petroleum, US government, and the American people have a huge price to pay for such a deep failure. I hope the oil industry specifically cleans itself up and we, the American consumer demand more from companies we deal with. Hopefully, the tide will turn in the right direction. |
At American Creation, Tom Van Dyke asks them. Of them:
---And the old standby, What is "Christian?" Can you be "Christian" if you believe the Bible is the direct Word of God? If you believe Jesus is the Messiah, although not the Second Person of the Holy Trinity?
---And who decides the answer to this question? Trinitarian clergy? Theologians? Sociologists? Historians?
---Was there a God of the Founding?
---Was His name Providence?
---Is this "theism," or is "theism" just a slippery term for what is the uniquely monotheistic, providential Creator-God who endowed men with certain unalienable rights, one who is unmistakably "Judeo-Christian," at least compared to all of man's other gods?
---What might Judeo-Christian mean? Anything? Everybody seems to know what it means, so does that mean anything?
I focused on these because they parallel questions James Madison asked in his notes preparing for the Memorial and Remonstrance. Madison asked:
3. What is Xnty ? Courts of law to Judge.
4. What edition: Hebrew, Septuagint, or Vulgate ? What copy what translation ?
5. What books canonical, what apocryphal ? the papists holding to be the former what protestants the latter, the Lutherans the latter what the protestants & papists ye former.
6. In what light are they to be viewed, as dictated every letter by inspiration, or the essential parts only ? Or the matter in general not the words ?
7. What sense the true one for if some doctrines be essential to Xnty those who reject these, whatever name they take are no Xn Society?
8. Is it Trinitarianism, Arianism, Socinianism ? Is it salvation by faith or works also, by free grace or by will, &c., &c.
9. What clue is to guide [a] Judge thro' this labyrinth when ye question comes before them whether any particular society is a Xn society ?
10. Ends in what is orthodoxy, what heresy. Dishonors Christianity.
By this time many leading light "Protestants," Madison perhaps among them, began to argue things like Arianism, Socinianism, salvation through works, and a Bible where only the "essential" parts (not the whole thing) were inspired, under the auspices of "Christianity."
Yet others -- the "orthodox" -- maintained believers in these positions "whatever name they take are no Xn Society."
Madison didn't want judges resolving this issue. And they would if government gave aid to "Christianity" generally but not "other" religions.
[This is, ironically, exactly what happened in Mass. and what led to their disestablishment, the last state to do so. In the Dedham decision, Unitarian judges decided Unitarianism was "Christianity" and hence eligible for state establishment aid. To the orthodox that poisoned the well; so they got rid of their state establishment of "Protestant Christianity."]
If the Supreme Court ruled the Constitution permits aid to "Christian" but not other religions, one easy solution would be simply call yourself a "Christian" and get that aid. You can be an atheist, a Muslim, a Jew, just call yourself a "Christian" and you are eligible for government support.
And that relates to another dynamic behind the "Christian Nation" debate. No one argues America wasn't and isn't a "Christian nation" in a nominal or demographic sense. No one argues, for instance, the Founders were predominantly Muslim.
98% of Americans thought of themselves as "Christians" as do roughly 80% today. These include, not just Pat Robertson and the Pope, but Chris Hedges, Andrew Sullivan (who it might surprise you, is orthodox in his Christology), Barack Obama and Mitt Romney.
Plenty of deistic and agnostic minded folks consider themselves "Christians" for heritage, cultural and demographic reasons. I am a baptized Roman Catholic (but went no further). Arguably, I could, but I don't, call myself a "Christian-Agnostic." Or a non-practicing Roman Catholic-agnostic.
Rather, we argue over a tighter, more meaningful definition of "Christian," AND how "Christianity" (however that theology defines) informed the principles of the Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution, and Federalist Papers and other aspects of life during Founding era America. Further, we argue over how the Founders THOUGHT government and religion should intersect. |
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Roger B. H. Tootell, Kathryn J. Devaney, Gheorghe M. Postelnicu, Leslie G. Ungerleider; Cortical fMRI maps in response to 3D morphs between head and house. Journal of Vision 2007;7(9):104. doi: 10.1167/7.9.104.
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© ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)
As in early visual cortex, accurate functional maps should clarify the fundamental information processing steps in inferotemporal (IT) cortex. Tanaka's group suggested that macaque IT is organized based on continuously-varying cortical columns, optimized for specific geometrical features (the ‘feature map’ hypothesis). More recently, human fMRI described larger IT areas responding selectively to specific objects (FFA and PPA for faces and places, respectively), general object categories (animate, tool), or expertise.
Different hypotheses predict correspondingly distinct fMRI maps in IT, in response to virtual 3D objects that were morphed systematically between two shape extremes. These extremes (head and house) were easily recognizable; the intermediate shapes were less (or un-) recognizable. All objects had identical lighting and surface reflectance; other properties (retinotopic extent, position and viewpoint) were equated wherever possible. FMRI data were acquired in response to selected shapes along the morph continuum, using extensive signal averaging. The response to each single shape was resolved independently (‘single stimulus’ imaging).
The feature map hypothesis predicts a continuous shift in the topography of cortical activity, as stimulus shapes changed along the morph continuum. In contrast, the FFA-PPA hypothesis predicts changes in response amplitude in each presumptive area, without any topographic shift. Preliminary results (n = 5) suggest that: 1) recognizable and unrecognizable shapes produce equivalent levels of fMRI activity throughout IT; 2) these virtual shapes (lacking surface reflectance variation) nevertheless activate FFA and PPA selectively, like real-life objects; 3) intermediate shapes may produce higher activity than either head or house, in specific cortical regions; 4) intermediate shapes produce systematic variations in fMRI amplitude in FFA and PPA - but no topographic shifts. Collectively, this evidence suggests that FFA and PPA are classical cortical areas, with differing functional selectivity. However the ultimate functional selectivity may only be approximated by ‘faces’ or ‘places’
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State: New Hampshire
Client(s): New Hampshire Division of Public Health Services
Services: Health Care & Public Health Planning, Training & Technical Assistance, Policy Development & Implementation
Technical Expertise: Emergency Preparedness and Response
Health care organizations play a critical role in protecting the public’s health during emergencies, preventing and reducing illnesses and death. To ensure a comprehensive, statewide response to residents’ health needs in an emergency, the NH Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is establishing a health care coalition to coordinate emergency response and recovery efforts by health care organizations.
JSI provides subject matter expertise in the area of healthcare system emergency preparedness, response, and recovery to the NH Healthcare Coalition (HCC), including technical assistance in the development of coalition preparedness and response plans, implementation of medical surge exercises, conduct of jurisdictional risk assessments (JRAs) and hazard vulnerability assessments (HVAs), and assessment of resource gaps and prioritization.
The HCC is a single, statewide coalition that will include and support healthcare organizations such as hospitals and hospital-based health systems, emergency medical services, long-term care facilities, visiting nurses and home health, primary care and specialty practices, and behavioral and substance use disorder providers, state and local emergency management and public health, dialysis centers, durable medical equipment providers officials. |
I find David Hockney's playful and free experiments with new technology deeply moving. “I draw flowers every day on my iPhone and send them to my friends, so they get fresh flowers every morning. And my flowers last." The way he took hold of the Iphone and then of the Ipad is fascinating. He uses the app Brushes but it took him a while to be able to play with all its possibilities of transparency. The flowers that his partner would buy every day and put on his bed table was a frequent subject but catching the light was his obsession. "The fact that the screen is illuminated makes you choose luminous subjects, or at least I did." A lot of these little works were done in the early hours in the morning. "I've got this lovely bedroom window, and the flowers are there and the light's changing. I go to bed when the sun goes down and wake when it starts getting light, because I leave the curtains open. The little drawings of the dawn are done while I'm still in bed. That's the window I see and the shutters."
More on the parisian exhibition at Fondation Pierre Bergé Yves Saint Laurent. |
Interesting Educational Videos About Frogs
|Back to Frogs||Main Menu||Teacher's Corner|
|Kid's Corner||Holidays & Celebrations||Other Themes|
Click on the video to play
Frog giving Birth, a short interesting video clip
Freaks of Nature: Water Holding Frogs
This little Australian frog will do anything to survive tough times. It uses its body like a canteen, its feet like shovels, and its skin like a cocoon. Must see.
The Surinam Toad
Rare frogs & endangered species - Planet Earth - BBC wildlife
Listen to this frog call.
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as accurate as possible. However, if there are mistakes, we will not be held
liable for anything. Use it at your own discretion.
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2017-07-21 Source: allafrica
Best intentions don t always translate into best practice, as David Dzama found out to his cost. At first, conservation agriculture seemed liked the solution to the climate change-linked problems facing the smallholder farmer in Zimbabwe s Seke district, about 50 kilometres south of Harare.
"When donors introduced conservation agriculture to us, our hopes were raised," Dzama, 60, told IRIN. "They said it would give us good yields, and hunger would be a thing of the past."
Conservation agriculture (CA) is a way of farming that aims to avoid disrupting the structure, composition, and natural biodiversity of soil.
While CA can be applied to a wide range of crop types, it always shares three characteristics: keeping soil covered with residues from previous crops or specially-grown cover plant material; keeping tillage to an absolute minimum; and rotating crops regularly.
To avoid tilling, CA farmers are encouraged to dig shallow basins in the dry season, cover them with mulch, then sow at the onset of the first rains. This increases the chances of crops surviving dry spells and foreshortened rainy seasons because it reduces runoff and evaporation.
Proponents of CA argue that it is a climate-smart practice that promotes food security by increasing yields, especially on farmland that is not irrigated.
Need for solutions
Some 70 percent of Zimbabwe's rural population depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. According to the country's Climate Change Response Strategy, these livelihoods are threatened by ever more frequent and longer dry spells during the rainy season.
"The majority of rural Zimbabweans live in semi-arid zones and will suffer disproportionately from the emerging impacts of climate change and variability, including disasters associated with extreme weather events such as droughts, periodic flooding, disease outbreaks for both humans and livestock, and loss of crop lands," says the strategy document.
The net effect is that the country (particularly rural smallholder farming communities) now experiences perennial food insecurity. This requires the adoption of strategies that will enhance the capacity of farmers to adapt to climate change and build their resilience. But is conservation agriculture the way to go?
When it was introduced in Dzama's Seke community in 2009, almost every farmer took up CA, laboriously digging basins in the pre-farming season, covering them with plant residue, and planting when the first rains began to fall.
The international agencies that introduced CA also supplied free fertiliser and seeds as incentives to farmers to take up the more labour-intensive agricultural work required.
But while yields have been bigger on those portions of land given over to CA methods - generally between a third and a half of an acre - for many the boost is not enough to make much difference to their margins or indeed to overall food security.
Although some are doing well and have never looked back, two years later, Dzama and his neighbours, like a lot of other farmers in other parts of the country, have grown disillusioned and abandoned CA practices altogether.
'Dig and die'
"We call it 'dhiga ufe' [a Shona phrase meaning 'dig and die'] instead of 'dhiga udye' ['dig for good yields'] as the donors referred to it. There is so much labour involved, yet the results have never been good. It's not worth it," Dzama told IRIN, explaining that CA involved the additional chore of weeding crops - in the absence, thanks to mass urban migration, of sufficient manpower to do so.
The UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, which plays the secretarial role in the Zimbabwe Conservation Agriculture Network (ZIMCAN) that also involves the government, concedes there was a significant drop-off rate but maintains that was just an early chapter in a CA story that will continue to evolve.
"In the mid-2000s a lot of input and extension support for CA saw many smallholder farmers coming on board - the majority being vulnerable farmers targeted for the use of humanitarian funds," David Phiri, FAO's head in Zimbabwe, told IRIN.
"A significant amount of these farmers dis-adopted from 2012, in particular when most of the input support was withdrawn," he added.
"However, beyond 2012 to date, we have seen a gradual increase in the number of farmers implementing CA without any input support, therefore being solid adopters and practitioners," said Phiri. "The observation of better performance in CA systems has convinced many farmers, and more and more farmers are recently appreciating the benefits."
FAO says some 300,000 smallholder farmers have now taken part in the CA initiative in Zimbabwe.
Lack of resources
However, not all those involved in implementing CA are so enthusiastic. The government, which is a partner in the project, employs teams of agricultural extension workers to advise farmers about how to make the most of their plots.
"We don't have the resources to meaningfully implement CA here," said one such worker deployed in Mhondoro, a district some 80 kilometres south of the capital where hundreds of people were allotted smallholdings under a fast-track land reform programme in the early 2000s.
"The government gave us very small amounts of seed to distribute to the farmers and there is no fertiliser," said the worker. "[We need] a bigger team to properly demonstrate and educate people on how CA works, and to monitor what the farmers are doing."
The extension worker, who asked that his name not be published, was one of just three sent to promote CA in the district before the main 2016/7 farming season.
The farmers are indifferent too, he added. They lack adequate awareness of the benefits of CA and view it as a poor man's way of farming as it ends up requiring hoes and manual labour rather than tillage using animals or mechanised power.
FAO admitted that "availability and access to CA machinery remains a challenge."
More on the way?
Joseph Made, the minister responsible for agriculture and farming mechanisation, told IRIN the government was mobilising resources to ensure the success of CA.
"We are taking conservation agriculture seriously and are doing our best in the present circumstances to ensure that smallholder farmers, who produce most of our cereals, are supported to beat the adversities of climate change," he said.
"We are encouraging farmers to adopt conservation agriculture and working on ways to ensure that the financial sector funds them as part of our broader policy of boosting farming, which forms the backbone of our economy."
Made would not say how much money had been allocated to CA, but Zimbabwe is currently facing an economic crisis marked by a cash crunch and an inability to fund key projects.
To overcome the burden of intensive labour, efforts were being made to promote mechanised CA by using animal- and tractor-drawn equipment, in addition to training in the better use of manual tools, said FAO's Phiri.
Farmers in areas like Mhondoro and Seke, however, are yet to enjoy the benefits of mechanisation.
Dzama's neighbour, Tilda Magaya, a 34-year-old single mother, is one of the few in her community still toiling away with a hoe to dig basins.
Magaya's yields aren't what they used to be
"I have no cattle to plough with since all the livestock my family had was taken away by late husband's relatives when he died three years ago," Magaya told IRIN. "My two boys help me dig the basins, but it is difficult to prepare enough land and my harvests have always been poor."
For the last two years, every September, she and her children have dug the basins in about an acre of hard, dry soil and then gathered what wild grass they could find in the overgrazed area to use as mulch.
Since Magaya's field is not fenced, roaming livestock trample on the basins and termites eat up the mulch, forcing her to start again when the rains start falling. But by that time material for mulch is hard, if not impossible, to come by.
So poor was her maize yield after the last season that Magaya has resolved to work in her neighbour's field next year, bartering her own labour for the use of animals to start tilling her own plot again.
The devil's in the data
CA's champions insist the practice is helping many farmers in Zimbabwe.
"Most CA farmers experienced yield gains and have been able to harvest adequate amounts of the staple cereals even during difficult years," said Phiri.
Yet hard evidence to back this up is scarce, according to a 2015 study conducted in the Chipinge district of Manicaland Province.
"Most evaluations are largely self-assessments conducted by implementing organisations and their close partners, hence raising more questions on the authenticity or sincerity of the presented outcomes," said the study, based on a detailed survey and observation of 200 farmers, and published by the Zimbabwe Journal of Science and Technology.
The survey found that most farmers adopted CA "not for the good of it in fighting food insecurity but to benefit from free agricultural inputs and free food during trainings and meetings."
The report found that food security didn't improve among farmers who adopted CA (and in some areas actually worsened), but it did note that this was not so much a result of the shortcomings of CA as a concept but because of poor implementation.
Had there been more consultation with farmers, a rollout more tailored to local conditions, and a greater supply of hoes and picks, the results might have been more promising.
The evidence in Zimbabwe to date shows that "conservation agriculture is oversubscribed as a panacea to food security," it concluded.
Wonder Chabikwa, the president of Zimbabwe Commercial Farmers Union (ZCFU), told IRIN it is now time to think again: "There is [a] need to reconsider the whole CA strategy for it to work because, as it stands, it has not achieved much."
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The next five years should see the multi-million pound project completely redevelop the existing Claas site.
Within this will be the construction of a new signature building that reflects both the importance of Claas within the UK agricultural industry and also the site’s prominent position alongside the A14.
“By giving go-ahead for this new building, both the Claas Group and the Claas family have shown their commitment to both Claas in the UK, and also to west Suffolk where we’re now one of the largest employers,” Claas UK chief executive Trevor Tyrrell said.
Founded more than 100 years ago and still privately owned by the Claas family, the Claas Group is one of the largest private agricultural machinery manufacturers in the world.
Based in Germany, the company operates 14 manufacturing plants around the globe and employs more than 11,300 people.
Today, Claas UK employs more than 400 people throughout the UK and Ireland.
“When the current building was constructed, they would never have imagined that 50 years later we would now have over 100 people working on site and that as the headquarters for Claas UK, it would be providing sales, service, parts and training support to dealerships throughout the UK and Ireland, in addition to receiving visitors from around the world,” Mr Tyrrell added. “The site is at maximum capacity.”
Designed by architects Barber Casanovas Ruffles of Cambridge, the new state-of-the-art building uses solar passive design techniques, renewable energy and rain water harvesting to support the daily operations. |
Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 search grows as pilots face increased scrutiny
KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia — Where do you even begin to look, when the search area covers vast swaths of land and water, stretching thousands of miles, from Kazakhstan to the Indian Ocean?
That’s the question for Malaysian officials and authorities from 24 other nations as people search for a ninth day, trying to find Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 and the 239 people on board.
As the search area grows bigger, authorities are also increasing their scrutiny of the pilots, searching their homes in the quest for clues. That included a flight simulator from the captain’s home.
“Police are still working on it. … Nothing conclusive yet,” a senior police official who has direct knowledge of the investigation told CNN on Sunday night, speaking on the condition of anonymity because the official was not authorized to speak to the press.
With news that the Boeing 777-200ER may have flown for more than seven hours after its transponder stopped sending signals March 8, officials said the expanding search area extends over land in southern Asia as far north as Kazakhstan.
“This is a significant recalibration of the search,” Malaysia’s acting Transportation Minister Hishammuddin Hussein said Sunday.
The plane disappeared on March 8, en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. The airline’s CEO Ahmad Jauhari Yahya said Sunday the missing passenger jet took off with its normal amount of fuel needed for the route, and did not have extra fuel on board that could have extended its range.
One of the nations involved in the search, Pakistan, said Sunday that the plane never showed up on its civilian radars and would have been treated as a threat if it had.
The Times of India reported that India’s military also said there was no way the plane could have flown over India without being picked up on radar.
A study of the flight’s cargo manifest showed there were no dangerous materials on board that concerned investigators, he told reporters.
Investigators are still looking into the backgrounds of the passengers to see if any of them were trained pilots.
“There are still a few countries who have yet to respond to our request for a background check,” said Khalid Abu Bakar, inspector general of the Royal Malaysian Police Force. “But there are a few … foreign intelligence agencies who have cleared all the(ir) passengers.”
U.S. intelligence officials are leaning toward the theory that “those in the cockpit” — the captain and co-pilot — were responsible for the mysterious disappearance, a U.S. official with direct knowledge of the latest thinking told CNN.
The official emphasized no final conclusions have been drawn and all the internal intelligence discussions are based on preliminary assessments of what is known to date.
Other scenarios could still emerge. The notion of a hijacking has not been ruled out, the official said Saturday.
Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak told reporters on Saturday that the plane veered off course due to apparent deliberate action taken by somebody on board.
‘Someone acting deliberately’
The first clue that the captain or co-pilot may have been involved stems from when the plane made a sharp, deliberate turn just after it last communicated with Kuala Lumpur air traffic controllers, and before it would have to communicate with Vietnamese controllers, according to the U.S. official with knowledge of the latest intelligence thinking.
“This is the perfect place to start to disappear,” the official said.
Adding to the intrigue, ABC News reported that the dramatic left turn was preprogrammed into the plane’s navigation computer. It’s a task that would have required extensive piloting experience.
Two senior law enforcement officials also told ABC that new information revealed the plane performed “tactical evasion maneuvers” after it disappeared from radar. CNN was unable to confirm these reports.
Military radar showed the jetliner flew in a westerly direction back over the Malaysian peninsula, Najib said. It is then believed to have either turned northwest toward the Bay of Bengal or southwest elsewhere in the Indian Ocean, he said.
“Evidence is consistent with someone acting deliberately from inside the plane,” the Prime Minister said, officially confirming the plane’s disappearance was not caused by an accident. “Despite media reports that the plane was hijacked, we are investigating all major possibilities on what caused MH370 to deviate.”
Kazakhstan to Indian Ocean
As the focus of the investigation has shifted, so, too, has the focus of the search.
Information from international and Malaysian officials indicates that the jet may have flown for more than seven hours after the last contact with the pilots.
Flight 370 took off from Kuala Lumpur at 12:41 a.m. on March 8. The last satellite communication from the plane occurred at 8:11 a.m., Najib said, well past the scheduled arrival time in Beijing. It is possible this contact could have been made from the ground, as long as the airplane still had electrical power, Malaysia’s civil aviation chief Azharuddin Abdul Rahman said Sunday.
That last communication, Najib said, was in one of two possible traffic corridors shown on a map released to the press. A northern arc stretches from the border of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan to northern Thailand, and a southern arc spans from Indonesia to the southern Indian Ocean.
“Due to the type of satellite data, we are unable to confirm the precise location of the plane when it last made contact with the satellite,” Najib said.
Because the northern parts of the traffic corridor include some tightly guarded airspace over India, Pakistan, and even some U.S. installations in Afghanistan, U.S. authorities believe it more likely the aircraft crashed into waters outside of the reach of radar south of India, a U.S. official told CNN. If it had flown farther north, it’s likely it would have been detected by radar.
On Saturday, Malaysian police searched the home of pilot Zaharie Ahmad Shah, 53. Shah lives in an upscale gated community in Shah Alam, outside Malaysia’s capital, Kuala Lumpur.
The Ministry of Transport said Sunday that police were examining a flight simulator found at the pilot’s house a day earlier.
Two vans were loaded with small bags, similar to shopping bags, at the home of the co-pilot, 27-year-old Fariq Ab Hamid, according to a CNN crew who observed activities at the residence. It was unclear whether the bags were taken from the home, and police made no comment about their activities there.
Najib made clear in a press conference that in light of the latest developments, authorities have refocused their investigation to the crew, ground staff and passengers on board.
Hussein, the transportation minister, told reporters the pilots didn’t request to work together.
Peter Chong, a friend of Shah’s, said he had been in the pilot’s house and tried the simulator.
“It’s a reflection of his love for people — because he wants to share the joy of flying with his friends,” Chong said.
He was bothered by speculation about the captain’s credibility and questions about possible ties to terrorism.
“I think it is a little bit insensitive and unfair to the family,” he said, adding he thought there was no evidence to suggest any ulterior motives on Shah’s part.
Undoubtedly, authorities will scour through the flight manifest and look further to see whether any of the passengers on board had flight training or connections to terror groups.
According to The New York Times, one of the passengers was an aviation engineer on his way to Beijing to work for a private-jet company.
A senior U.S. law enforcement official told CNN that investigators are carefully reviewing the information so far collected on the pilots to determine whether there is something to indicate a plan or a motive.
That would seem supported by preliminary U.S. intelligence reports, which the U.S. official said show the jetliner was in some form of controlled flight at a relatively stable altitude and path when it changed
Malaysia’s Ministry of Transport said Sunday that both the northern and southern corridors are being treated with equal importance. Malaysian officials are working with 25 countries, many of them along the corridors. They include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Australia, France, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Afghanistan’s Ministry of Transport said it has joined the search, but said there is no evidence the plane flew over Afghan soil.
Separately, India has “temporarily halted” its search for the missing plane while Malaysian authorities reassess the situation, according to a top military official.
“We are conserving our assets for now,” Rear Adm. Sudhir Pillai, the chief of staff of India’s joint Andaman and Nicobar command, said Sunday. “We are on a standby.”
He said the Malaysians are reviewing India’s deployment.
Meanwhile, according to Najib, new satellite information leads authorities to be fairly certain that someone disabled the Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System, or ACARS, just before the aircraft reached the east coast of peninsular Malaysia.
ACARS is the system that routinely transmits information like turbulence and fuel load back to the airline.
“Shortly afterward, near the border between Malaysian and Vietnamese air traffic control,” Najib said, “the aircraft’s transponder was switched off.”
A transponder is a system controlled from the cockpit that transmits data about the plane via radio signals to air traffic controllers. It combines with ground radar to provide air traffic controllers with details about the plane, including its identification, speed, position and altitude.
The last voice communication from the cockpit more than a week ago was these words: “All right, good night.”
They were uttered at the Vietnam air traffic control border at about the same time the transponder was shut off, Najib said. That suggests the incident on the plane began sooner than initially thought.
But some have questioned the Prime Minister’s account, given the dearth of information available.
Malaysia investigation criticized
In the days since the flight disappeared, the Malaysian government has been under intense scrutiny for its handling of the investigation. The government has been criticized by some U.S. officials for not sharing information or accepting more offers of help.
Shortly after Najib delivered his remarks, China demanded Malaysia provide more information on the investigation. Of the 239 people aboard the plane, 154 were Chinese.
“Today is the 8th day of the missing MH370, and the plane is still yet to be found,” said a statement from the Foreign Ministry. “Time is life.”
The criticism was more pointed in an editorial published by China’s state-run news agency Xinhua.
“And due to the absence — or at least lack — of timely authoritative information, massive efforts have been squandered, and numerous rumors have been spawned, repeatedly racking the nerves of the awaiting families,” the editorial said.
Malaysia Airlines defended its actions, saying there has never been a case where information gleaned from satellite signals alone could potentially be used to find the location of a missing airliner.
“Given the nature of the situation and its extreme sensitivity, it was critical that the raw satellite signals were verified and analyzed by the relevant authorities so that their significance could be properly understood,” the airline said in a statement. “This naturally took some time, during which we were unable to publicly confirm their existence.”
Families at boiling point
For the families and loved ones of those aboard Flight 370, tensions boiled over Sunday in Beijing at the daily briefing by Malaysia Airlines.
Nine days after the plane went missing, patience is running thin with officials.
Before a packed room, one man told them that the families have already lost faith.
“A liar can lie once, twice or three times, but what’s the point (to) keep lying?” he said. “What we ask for is the truth. Don’t hide things from us.”
A majority of the people in the room stood up when the man asked how many had lost trust in the airline and the Malaysian government.
Another man rushed the front of the room and tried to throw a punch, but was stopped.
The airline has been picking up the tab for families of the Chinese passengers to stay in Beijing during the ordeal.
China is sending technical experts to join the investigation, and two Chinese search vessels headed for the Strait of Malacca, according to Xinhua.
People are across the world have shown their support for those involved.
During his weekly Sunday message following prayers at the Vatican, Pope Francis asked the crowd to pray for the crew members and passengers of the missing Malaysia Airlines plane and their families. “We are close to them in this difficult moment,” Pope Francis said.
By Steve Almasy, Chelsea J. Carter and Jim Clancy
Barbara Starr reported from Washington, Jim Clancy from Kuala Lumpur and Ed Payne and Chelsea J. Carter reported and wrote from Atlanta; CNN’s Harmeet Shah Singh, Moni Basu, Faith Karimi, Hamdi Alkhshali, Evan Perez, Saima Mohsin and Yuli Yang contributed to this report. Journalist Ivy Sam also reported from Kuala Lumpur. |
Colorado’s new Marijuana Enforcement Division has a sustainable and predictable financing plan thanks to La Follette School alum Dorinda Floyd.
As chief financial officer for Colorado’s Department of Revenue, the 1988 grad served on the governor’s Marijuana Task Force that proposed a regulatory and taxation structure for retail marijuana after voters approved a constitutional amendment in 2012 to allow the sale and use of marijuana by people 21 years and older.
“I was appointed to serve on the Tax/Funding and Civil Law Working Group with an objective to address the taxation of retail marijuana and the funding of the Marijuana Enforcement Division,” Floyd says. “I developed a financing plan for the division that ensures the division has sufficient resources to provide adequate oversight and enforcement of marijuana businesses to prevent product diversion, illegal use, and the appropriate application and collection of excise and sales taxes on marijuana sold.”
The working group and the task force adopted all aspects of Floyd’s financing plan, which was incorporated in legislation introduced in 2013. “Additionally, the working group and task force adopted a taxation structure for retail marijuana that was adopted by the Task Force and passed by the state’s general assembly,” Floyd says. “Our work became Proposition AA that voters approved in November 2013 to establish a 10 percent sales tax and a 15 percent excise tax on retail marijuana.”
As the Department of Revenue’s CFO, Floyd oversees financial operations, including budgeting, accounting, purchasing and contract management, financial planning and management, and policy and program analyses. “These functions support the department’s diverse operations, including taxation, motor vehicles, marijuana, gaming, liquor and tobacco and the lottery,” Floyd says. “I manage 55 professional staff in the Office of Budget and Financial Services, and I am responsible for an annual operating budget totaling $300 million, the collection of $12 billion in revenue and the distribution of $2.1 billion to other units of government.”
Floyd notes she used the quantitative skills she gained at La Follette early in her career when conducting budget and policy analyses. Now she applies them when reviewing work by her staff or consultants hired to study specific policy issues. “The ability to critique research methodologies and resulting recommendations or conclusions is critical to finding the most effective solutions,” Floyd says. “Any student interested in pursuing a career in public administration should consider the La Follette School for a broad-based education that encourages critical thinking and supports progressive ideas and solutions to today’s challenging public policy issues.”
Implementation of the legalization of marijuana in Colorado is a highlight of Floyd’s 25 years of public service, she says. “I thoroughly enjoy working on behalf of the public to find the best solutions to oftentimes very complex public policy issues,” Floyd says. “Most of my career has focused on budgeting and financial management. I take great pride in finding cost-efficient and effective solutions while maintaining transparency and accountability to the public during times of scarce resources.”
Floyd attributes part of her success to her training at what had just become the La Follette Institute of Public Affairs a few years before she enrolled. “While at La Follette I learned to think critically and develop excellent analytical skills,” Floyd says. “Because I was required to write a number of research papers, I developed sound written communication skills that allowed me to communicate complex public policy and financial issues effectively to diverse audiences.”
Floyd joined the Wisconsin Legislative Fiscal Bureau after she graduated in 1988. “I have always been interested in budgeting and public policy analysis,” Floyd says. The Legislative Fiscal Bureau was a great learning experience as I was exposed to both budgeting and policy analysis. Also, I had a great mentor in director Bob Lang.”
In 1990, Floyd moved to Milwaukee and spent 18 years with the city, starting as a budget and management special assistant, then serving as legislative fiscal manager, and then as administrative services director for eight years. “I thought I would like local government the least, but I ended up liking it the most,” Floyd says. “It is extremely rewarding to see firsthand the impact on the public of decisions that I was intimately involved in. It also exposes you to the failures, which can be a great learning experience.”
In Milwaukee, Floyd applied her fiscal and management skills by serving on several nonprofit boards. “I was the City of Milwaukee’s representative on the Social Development Commission Board, which is a community action agency,” Floyd says. “I served for six years, and I was elected treasurer, and I chaired the budget and finance committee. I also served on the board of directors for the Milwaukee Ballet and was a member of the Milwaukee Forum.”
Floyd also consulted for six months in 1996 for the Municipal Finance and Management Project in Atyrau, Kazakhstan, for the U.S. Agency for International Development. “I served six months on the project to increase local government management capacities through improved financial management, frame future development to encompass finance mechanisms and an implementing authority, promote market-based economic growth and encourage development of democratic processes,” Floyd says.
In 2008, Floyd moved to Colorado, where her husband, Daniel Alexander, is the federal disaster recovery coordinator for Federal Emergency Management Agency Region 8. She became CFO for the Colorado Department of Revenue in 2009.
“Throughout my 25-year career in the public sector, I worked for both the executive and legislative branches of government,” says Floyd. “My education at the La Follette Institute prepared me to serve successfully and work collaboratively with diverse groups of people to resolve complex social problems and develop good public policy.” |
Some people use "exit tickets" to double check that their students got that one main thought from the day. But, if you're like me, you have come to the conclusion that you are incapable of stopping class in enough time for the students to successfully complete their exit ticket. So, I decided to do the exact opposite...come up with a super quick assessment that is their ticket IN the door.
If we have just introduced new vocabulary, for example, the following day I meet the students in the hallway before they get a chance to walk in the door. I have a stack of pictures in my hand, along with my gradebook. I show the students a picture, one at a time, and have them recite the word to me in Spanish. If they can do it on the first try, they earn 3 points and they can enter the classroom. They then can begin their "Para Empezar" on the board. If they cannot answer the first question, they go to the back of the line and wait to try again, but now they can only earn 2 points...and so on, until they are out of points to earn. Those students enter the classroom after repeating after me and receive a 0 for the day.
I have noticed that this practice takes care of 4 objectives:
- Students are held immediately responsible for information they learned the day before. It is not a test next week, nor a homework assignment they can look up information for, but rather a quick "got it or don't got it" type of wake up call.
- This has all but eliminated my tardy issue. If you are late to class, chances are you are still waiting in line to enter and you are already mentally rehearsing your vocab. If you are so late that we are already finished, you have earned a 0 until you have made up your word.
- It feels fair. It's straight forward. No tricks. No test taking strategies. If you mess up, you get 2 more chances. If you bomb a whole day, it was only 3 points. But, after you consistently do well at this for a week, you have a 15 point assessment in the gradebook to be proud of.
- It helps me conference one-on-one with my students. I get a brief moment with each individual to hear them pronounce a word or two. I can see how long they have to think before they respond. I no longer have to wait until a paper quiz to see how students are doing...I know before they enter my classroom. And, oftentimes, I base my instruction on that!
As the week progresses, I typically stray from rote memorization to more complex things. Sometimes they have to translate a sentence. Sometimes they have to answer a question. Sometimes they have to simply pronounce a word. It varies. This idea could work for all content areas, too! It is a great way to assess students in a non threatening way, with very little prep for the teacher. Plus, it gives me a few minutes of classtime back...and I need every minute I can get! |
It’s often said that the most important task for leaders is to develop their people. While there’s more than a grain of truth in this, there’s also an old saying from personal growth, Let It Begin With Me. To be able to develop others, you need to care for your own development if only so they can see you’re walking your talk. Nurturing three key skills will serve you well in this: get to know yourself, learn from what you do, and develop a tolerance for ambiguity.
As you get to know yourself, you can better understand what you like to do – and not, and where your strengths and weaknesses lie. When what you like aligns with what’s important in your job, work becomes very enjoyable. However, that’s not always the case.
I was coaching a research group leader recently who felt that while the role of “Disciplinarian” was important in his group, he was most uncomfortable in filling out this role. This was leading to a host of problems that were slowing down the pace of research. It transpired the discomfort was a combination of aversion to needing to do this and a lack of tools to help him. In a matter of minutes, as he saw the impacts more clearly, he dropped his aversion and then was open to learn some simple tools that would enable him to set boundaries and say “no” as needed.
Some leaders are recommended to “focus on your strengths and ignore your weaknesses.” While staff in technical positions can follow this advice, it’s dangerous for leaders. For example, you can’t just ignore your weakness for numbers and hope your budget takes care of itself. Neither can you outsource that completely. You need enough to be able to understand where you are with your money, what you can afford, and what not.
I was introduced to the habit of self-reflection before I took on my first leadership challenge. Little did I know at the time how valuable this would prove to be during my career. Learning from what you do starts, at the end of the day, by looking at key incidents during the day.
Sometimes it’s enough to simply replay the conversation or scene in your mind. What you and the others said or did. The impact of these words or actions and the responses they triggered. This helps you to identify what works for you and where you might need to improve.
Another way is to use the Left-Hand/Right-Hand tool from pp246—247 of Peter Senge et al’s The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook. Here you take a few sheets of paper and draw a line down the middle of each sheet. On the right-hand column, record a conversation you have had about an important or difficult topic (or a conversation you might have, if one has not been possible). Then review the conversation and at each point in the conversation, note in the left-hand column what you were thinking, but didn’t say. As you examine the difference between thought and said, pennies will drop.
Andy Grove, former CEO of Intel and author of Only the Paranoid Survive kept a Decision Journal. On each page, he recorded a decision he took, including the reasoning behind the decision. Later, he reviewed the decision and made notes about how the decision turned out and his reasoning held up. This allowed him quickly and continuously to improve his decision-making capacities, which in turn helped him in his career development.
No matter how disciplined and insightful you are, you can’t manage this all on your own. Each of us has blind spots, so we need help from others to complete the picture. The willingness to seek out and act on feedback is, according to Daniel Goleman, the best predictor of success in developing as a leader. I have written before on how to give feedback; the same steps hold for receiving it.
The third quality is to develop a tolerance for ambiguity. You need this for two reasons: you will almost never enjoy the luxury of having enough time to gather all the information you need to take a decision. You need to be able to work well with partial information. This can take some getting used to, especially if your personality is such that you dot all your i’s and cross your t’s. Secondly, these day it is almost certain your team is drawn from different natures or cultures. This means that the signals you send and receive won’t always have their usual meaning.
One simple example concerns what “yes” means. If you ask your German colleague if she’ll deliver something by 5pm and she says yes, you expect to receive it. With a colleague fresh from India – it may or may not be there on time. He comes from a culture where to say “no” is considered rude, so “yes” takes on a range of possible meanings, from “yes, it’ll be there at 5pm”, over “yes, I hear you”, to “yes, that has no chance”. This particular source of ambiguity you can deal with by shifting from closed (will you deliver the report by 5pm?) to open (when will you have the report ready?) questions.
Navigating cultural ambiguity involves being curious to learn about other cultures and being open to slip-ups – nobody gets it right all the time.
Nurturing the three key qualities of getting to know yourself, learning from what you do, and developing a tolerance for ambiguity also helps you with developing your people. One advantage of this is that they appreciate it and show more loyalty.
In an industrial setting, this leads to lower turnover rates of more highly qualified and motivated staff, which in turn saves a lot of money on recruitment. In an academic setting, a new skill can help them get to the result faster while a new skill can help them push the project forward. |
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很多人可能都知道了 CSS 的选择器浏览器在解析的时候是从右往左的，和你所熟悉的从左往右的规则是不同的。但是这是为什么呢？这么做的性能是否更高？
为什么排版引擎解析 CSS 选择器时一定要从右往左解析？
Keep in mind that when a browser is doing selector matching it has one element (the one it's trying to determine style for) and all your rules and their selectors and it needs to find which rules match the element. This is different from the usual jQuery thing, say, where you only have one selector and you need to find all the elements that match that selector.Boris Zbarsky
If you only had one selector and only one element to compare against that selector, then left-to-right makes more sense in some cases. But that's decidedly not the browser's situation. The browser is trying to render Gmail or whatever and has the one it's trying to style and the 10,000+ rules Gmail puts in its stylesheet (I'm not making that number up).
In particular, in the situation the browser is looking at most of the selectors it's considering don't match the element in question. So the problem becomes one of deciding that a selector doesn't match as fast as possible; if that requires a bit of extra work in the cases that do match you still win due to all the work you save in the cases that don't match.
If you start by just matching the rightmost part of the selector against your element, then chances are it won't match and you're done. If it does match, you have to do more work, but only proportional to your tree depth, which is not that big in most cases.
On the other hand, if you start by matching the leftmost part of the selector... what do you match it against? You have to start walking the DOM, looking for nodes that might match it. Just discovering that there's nothing matching that leftmost part might take a while.
So browsers match from the right; it gives an obvious starting point and lets you get rid of most of the candidate selectors very quickly. You can see some data at http://groups.google.com/group/mozilla.dev.tech.layout/browse_thread/thread/b185e455a0b3562a/7db34de545c17665 (though the notation is confusing), but the upshot is that for Gmail in particular two years ago, for 70% of the (rule, element) pairs you could decide that the rule does not match after just examining the tag/class/id parts of the rightmost selector for the rule. The corresponding number for Mozilla's pageload performance test suite was 72%. So it's really worth trying to get rid of those 2/3 of all rules as fast as you can and then only worry about matching the remaining 1/3.
Note also that there are other optimizations browsers already do to avoid even trying to match rules that definitely won't match. For example, if the rightmost selector has an id and that id doesn't match the element's id, then there will be no attempt to match that selector against that element at all in Gecko: the set of "selectors with IDs" that are attempted comes from a hashtable lookup on the element's ID. So this is 70% of the rules which have a pretty good chance of matching that still don't match after considering just the tag/class/id of the rightmost selector. |
NJ Workers Compensation
What is Workers Compensation?
Workers compensation is a set of laws put in place to allow employees to collect money, wages, etc (as applicable) in the event of an injury at their workplace, without the need for litigation. Workers compensation laws vary from state to state, but in New Jersey, all corporations, partnerships, and sole proprietorships must provide workers compensation insurance or “be approved for self-insurance”.
Examples of Workers Compensation Claims
New Jersey workers compensation claims come in many forms. Here are a few of the most common types of workers compensation claims in New Jersey:
• Lifting injuries
• Slip and Falls
• Repetitive use injuries
• Industrial equipment-related injuries
• Construction injuries
• Electrical shock injuries
• Motor vehicle accidents
Even if you believe your workplace injury or ailment does not fall into one of these areas of workplace injury above, you should seek legal representation, as any accident that occurs in the workplace might be the result of your employer’s negligence.
Workplace Injury in New Jersey: The Next Steps
1. Tell Your Employer
2. Fill Out and Submit a NJ Workers Comp form (provided by employer)
3. Contact a workers compensation attorney (for your Ocean or Monmouth County claim): Though you may well be covered under the NJ workers compensation laws and your employer carrying offering no dispute to your claim, it is vital to always be well aware of your rights and the due process of the law.
If you have been injured on the job at your NJ workplace, and feel that your employer was negligent in some way, an initial consultation with one of our Brick workers compensation lawyers will at the very least ensure your rights as an employee are protected.
Give our qualified workplace injury/workers compensation lawyers a call at Lepore&Luizzi in Brick, New Jersey, serving Ocean County, Monmouth County, and New Jersey State. Learn more about our NJ workers compensation legal services. |
American Periodicals Series Online, 1741-1900, 1741 - 1940's
Searchable database of full text articles from a wide variety of American periodicals published between 1741 and the mid 1940's (despite the dates in the title). This a great place to find articles, illustrations, recipes, poems, ads, etc. published during 1741-1815.
Free Internet site with browsable and searchable of six British magazines: Annual Register (1758-1778), Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (1843-1863), Gentleman's Magazine (1731-1750), Notes and Queries (1849-1869), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1757-1777), and The Builder (1843-1852)
A monthly antislavery newsletter published in Jonesborough, TN in 1820.
Collection of digitized periodicals from the 19th century.
These databases are available only to students, faculty and staff of Bowling Green State University and walk-in users. |
This research guide pulls together a variety of sources you may want to use if you're conducting historical research into European international relations since 1945.
Want to know where to start your research? Click on the above tabs to find lists of resources and related information about Books, Articles, Newspapers, Government Documents, Archival Resources, Microform Collections, or Internet Sites.
In you need more assistance, see the options on the AskUs! page. |
Merchants Quay Ireland (MQI), shows 75% of heroin addicts in Dublin are also dependent on other drugs.
During a study at an MQI needle exchange, researchers found that half of heroin addicts shot up at least 6 times per week and two thirds of addicts were also using drugs like methadone, benzodiazepine tranquilisers, cannabis, alcohol, steroids and cocaine.
In an interview, Tony Geoghegan, MQI chief executive said, "The report confirms people are still using heroin, but polydrug use is now the dominant trend. This means detox services in Ireland have to match the need. In Ireland there are currently no detox options for this group."
Most of the current crop of detox centres focus on people addicted to a single drug. This makes them less effective for people with multiple addictions and often leaves people with only a partial solution to their drug problem.
Potentially more worrying is the fact that 27% of the 338 study participants admitted to sharing needles or other injecting equipment in the past month. This risky behaviour contributes to both the prevalence of HIV in and hepatitis in the injection drug community. |
~ National Lightning Safety Institute ~
21st Century Lightning Protection for High-Altitude Observatories
By Richard Kithil, President & CEO, NLSI
One of the first recorded lightning insults to an observatory was in January, 1890, at the Ben Nevis Observatory in Scotland. In more recent times, lightning has caused equipment losses and data destruction at the U.S. Air Force Maui Space Surveillance Complex, the Cerro Tololo observatory and the nearby La Serena scientific and technical office, the VLLA, and the Apache Point Observatory.
In August 1997 NOAA’s Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory at Mauna Loa Observatory was out of commission for a month due to lightning outages to data acquisition computers and connected cabling. The University of Arizona has reported “lightning strikes have taken a heavy toll at all Steward Observatory sites.” At Kitt Peak, extensive power down protocols are in place where lightning protection for personnel, electrical systems, associated electronics and data are critical.
Design-stage lightning protection defenses are to be incorporated at NSO’s ATST Hawaii facility. For high-altitude observatories, lightning protection no longer is as simple as Franklin’s 1752 invention of a rod in the air, one in the ground and a connecting conductor. This paper discusses selection of engineered lightning protection sub-systems in a carefully planned methodology that is specific to each site.
Lightning behavior is arbitrary, capricious, random and stochastic. The statistical probability of lightning strikes to high altitude facilities is low. The consequential damages may be high. Since there is ample evidence of lightning-caused upsets to observatories, it is a prudent organizational policy to analyze facilities and operations so as to identify lightning vulnerabilities. Proactive designs and operational means to mitigate potential accidents should be developed. For the lightning hazard, safety should be the prevailing directive.
3. Lightning Characteristics
3.1. Physics of Lightning
Lightning’s characteristics include current levels peaking at about 600 kA with the fifty percentile being about 20kA; temperatures to some 15,000 C; and voltages in the hundreds of millions. The phenomenology of lightning flashes to earth, as presently understood, follows an approximate behavior:
3.2 Lightning Effects
When lightning strikes an asset, facility or structure (AFS), return-stroke current will divide up among all parallel conductive paths between attachment point and earth. Division of current will be inversely proportional to the path impedance, Z (Z = R + XL, resistance plus inductive reactance). The resistance term will be low, assuming effectively bonded metallic conductors. The inductance and related inductive reactance presented to the total return stroke current will be determined by the combination of all the individual inductive paths in parallel.
Essentially lightning is a current source. A given stroke will contain a given amount of charge (coulombs = amp/seconds) that must be neutralized during the discharge process. If the return stroke current is 50kA —that is the magnitude of the current that will flow, whether it flows through one ohm or 1000 ohms. Therefore, achieving the lowest possible impedance serves to minimize the transient voltage developed across the path through which the current is flowing [e(t) = I (t)R + L di/dt)].
4. Lightning Protection Designs
Absolute lightning safety is impossible. Mitigation of lightning consequences can be achieved by the use of a detailed systems approach. Defenses are described below in general terms.
4.1 Air Terminals
Since Franklin's day, lightning rods have been installed upon ordinary structures as sacrificial attachment points, intended to conduct direct flashes to earth. This integral air terminal design can limit physical damage, but does not provide protection for electronics, explosives, or people inside modern structures.
Inductive and capacitive coupling from lightning-energized conductors can result in significant voltages and currents on interior power and signal conductors. Overhead shield wires and mast systems located above or next to the structure are code-suggested alternatives in many circumstances. These are termed indirect air terminal designs. Such methods presume to collect lightning above or away from the sensitive structure, thus avoiding or reducing flashover attachment of unwanted currents and voltages to the facility and equipments.
Unconventional air terminal designs that claim the elimination or redirecting of lightning (charge dissipators – CTS/DAS) or lightning preferential capture (early streamer emitters - ESE) have received a very skeptical reception (see: NASA/Navy Tall Tower Study; 1975, R.H. Golde “Lightning” 1977; FAA Airport Study 1989; T. Horvath “Computation of Lightning Protection” 1991; D. MacKerras et al, IEE Proc-Sci Meas. Technol, V. 144, No. 1 1997; National Lightning Safety Institute “Royal Thai Air Force Study” 1997; A. Mousa “IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, V. 13, No. 4 1998; Google, “unconventional air terminals”.) Merits of radioactive air terminals have been investigated and dismissed by reputable scientists (Golde, 1977).
Downconductor cable pathways should be installed outside of the structure. Rigid strap is preferred to flexible cable due to inductance advantages. Conductors should not be painted, since this will increase impedance. Gradual bends always should be employed to avoid flashover problems. Building structural steel may be used in place of downconductors where practical as a beneficial subsystem emulating the quasi-Faraday Cage concept and to sub-divide currents.
Bonding assures that unrelated conductive objects are at the same electrical potential. Without comprehensive bonding, lightning protection will not work. All metallic conductors entering structures (for example, AC power lines, gas and water pipes, data and signal lines, HVAC ducting, conduits and piping, railroad tracks, overhead bridge cranes, roll up doors, personnel metal door frames, and hand railings) should be electrically referenced to the same ground. Connector bonding should be exothermal and not mechanical wherever possible, especially in below-grade locations. Mechanical bonds are subject to corrosion and physical damage. HVAC vents that penetrate one structure from another should not be ignored as they may become troublesome electrical pathways. Frequent inspection and measuring (maximum 1 milliohm per the Federal Aviation Administration) of connectors to assure continuity is recommended.
The grounding system must address low earth impedance as well as low resistance. A spectral study of lightning's typical impulse reveals both a high and a low frequency content. The grounding system appears to the lightning impulse as a transmission line where wave propagation theory applies. A considerable part of lightning’s current may respond horizontally (radial arcing) when striking the ground. As a result, low resistance values (25 ohms per NEC) are less important that volumetric efficiencies.
Ground rods, with a significant impedance of some 2.4 microhenries (8 ft. long X 5/8 inch diameter), are a poor selection option in most rocky environments. Equipotential grounding is achieved when all equipment within the structure(s) are referenced to a master bus bar, which in turn is bonded to the external grounding system.
Earth loops and consequential differential rise times must be avoided. The grounding system should be designed to reduce AC impedance and DC resistance. The use of counterpoise or "crow's foot" radial techniques can lower impedance as they allow lightning energy to diverge as each buried conductor shares voltage gradients.
Buried ground rings (counterpoise) encircling structures are useful. Proper use of concrete footing and foundations (Ufer grounds) increase volume. Where high resistance soils or poor moisture content or absence of salts or freezing temperatures are present, treatment of soils with carbon, Coke Breeze, conductive cements, bentonite, chemical ground rods, natural salts or other low-resistance additives may be useful. These concepts should be deployed on a case-by-case basis where lowering grounding impedances are difficult an/or expensive by traditional means.
Corrosion and cathodic reactance issues should be considered during the site analysis phase. Where incompatible materials are joined, suitable bi-metallic connectors should be adopted. Joining of aluminum down conductors together with copper ground wires is a typical error. Inserting copper conductor leads directly into concrete is another issue.
4.6 Transients and Surges
Ordinary fuses and circuit breakers are not capable of dealing with lightning-induced transients. Surge protection devices (SPDs aka transient limiters aka TVSS) may shunt current, block energy from traveling down the wire, filter certain frequencies, clamp voltage levels, or perform a combination of these tasks. Voltage clamping devices capable of handling extremely high amperages of the surge, as well as reducing the extremely fast rising edge (dv/dt and di/dt) of the transient are recommended.
Protecting the AC power main panel and protecting all relevant secondary distribution panels and protecting all valuable plug-in devices, such as process control instrumentation, computers, printers, fire alarms, data recording and SCADA equipment, is suggested. Protecting incoming and outgoing data and signal lines (modem, LAN, etc.) is essential. All electrical devices that serve the primary asset, such as well heads, remote security alarms, CCTV cameras, and high mast lighting, should be included.
SPDs should be installed with short lead lengths to their respective panels. Under fast rise time conditions, cable inductance becomes important and high transient voltages can be developed across long leads. SPDs with replacable internal modules are suggested. In all instances the use high-quality, high speed, self-diagnosing SPD components is valuable. SPDs may incorporate spark gaps, diverters, metal oxide varistors, gas tube arrestors, silicon avalanche diodes, or other technologies. Hybrid devices, using a combination of these techniques, are preferred. Avoid SPDs using internal potting compounds.
SPDs conforming to the International CE mark are tested to a 10 X 350 us waveform, while those tested to IEEE and UL standards only meet a 8 X 20 us waveform. It is suggested that SPD requirements and specifications conform to the CE mark, as well as ISO 9000-9001 series quality control standards. All mode protection is essential.
An uninterrupted power supply (UPS) provided battery backup in cases of power quality anomalies: brownouts, capacitor bank switching, outages, lightning, etc. A UPS is employed only as a back-up or temporary power supply. It should not be used in place of a dedicated SPD device. The correct IEEE Category A installation configuration is: AC wall outlet to SPD to UPS to equipment.
Lightning detectors, available at differing costs and technologies, are useful to provide early warning to outdoor personnel and for equipment shutdown purposes. Users should beware of over-confidence in detection equipment. It is not perfect and it does not always acquire all lightning data. Detectors cannot “predict” lightning.
An interesting application is their use to disconnect from AC line power and to engage standby power, before the arrival of lightning. A notification system of radios, sirens, loudspeakers or other means should be coupled with the detector. A lightning safety policy should be a part of every site’s overall safety plan.
4.8 Testing and Maintenance
Modern diagnostic testing is available to “verify” the performance of lightning conducting devices as well as to indicate the general route of lightning through structures. With such techniques, lightning paths can be forecast reliably. Sensors that register lightning current attachments are available. Regular physical inspections and testing should be a part of an established preventive maintenance program. Failure to maintain any lightning protection system may render it ineffective.
5. Codes And Standards
In the U.S. there is no single lightning safety code or standard providing comprehensive guidance. The NFPA-780 lightning protection installation standard applies only to “ordinary structures.” U.S. government lightning protection documents should be consulted. The Federal Aviation Administration FAA-STD-019d is valuable.
Other recommended federal codes include military documents MIL HDBK 419A, Navy NAVSEA OP5, NASA STD E0012E, MIL STD 188-124B, MIL STD 1542B, MIL B 5087B, Army PAM 385-64 and USAF AFI 32-1065. The IEEE Emerald (IEEE-1100) and the IEEE Green (IEEE-142) series Technical Standards are invaluable.
The International Electro-Technical Commission IEC 62305 series for lightning protection is the single best reference document for the lightning protection engineer. Adopted by many countries, IEC 62305 is a science-based document applicable to many design situations.
Ignored in most codes is the very essential electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) subject, especially important for explosives safety and facilities containing electronics, VSDs, PLCs, and monitoring and security equipment.
Lightning has its own agenda and may cause damage despite application of best efforts. Any comprehensive approach for protection should be site-specific to attain maximum efficiencies. In order to mitigate the hazard, systematic attention to details of grounding, bonding, shielding, air terminals, surge protection devices, detection and notification, personnel education, maintenance, and employment of risk management principles is recommended.
Proceedings, International Conferences on Lightning Protection (ICLP) 2000-2008.
IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 40, No.4, Nov. 1998.
NCHRP Report 317, National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, June 1989.
Gardner RL, Lightning Electromagnetics, Hemisphere Publishing, NY, 1991.
Waters, WE, Electrical Induction from Distant Current Sources, Prentice-Hall, NJ, 1984.
Williams, T and Armstrong, K, EMC for Systems and Installations, Newnes, London, 2000.
IEEE-STD 142, Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems, IEEE, NY, 2007.
IEEE-STD 1100, Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment, IEEE, NY, 1999.
Lightning Protection Guide, Dehn & Sohn GMBH, Neumarkt, 2007.
Lightning Protection for Engineers, NLSI, Louisville, CO, 2010. |
Born in Nova Scotia circa 1825 to African-American parents who were freed from the U.S. slave trade, William Hall V.C. proved to be a man of valour. In 1844, he began his seafaring career by working on an American trading ship. He then enlisted in the British Royal Navy in 1852 and participated in the Crimean War for which he received both British and Turkish medals. Following this, he volunteered with a relief force in Lucknow, India. For his outstanding acts of bravery there, he was awarded the Victoria Cross, the first Canadian of African descent to have been given this honour.
This stamp for Canada Post portrays Hall as an older, proudly-decorated man. The illustration combines different elements – the sea, his vessel (the HMS Shannon), and his various medals – to tell his story. The larger stamp pane extends this story by highlighting some of the key areas Hall travelled to and lived in. The artwork also incorporates details tied to sea travel, such as a map, compass, and sea birds. William Hall’s signature appears front and centre to bring authenticity to the design. |
|[Home] [Credit Search] [Category Browser] [Staff Roll Call]||The LINUX.COM Article Archive|
|Originally Published: Friday, 17 August 2001||Author: Anurag Phadke|
|Published to: enchance_articles_security/Basic Security Articles||Page: 1/1 - [Printable]|
Using Credit Cards Online, Are you Safe?
We've all been scared by FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt) articles when it comes to online security and online transactions. But how many of those journalists have actually taken the time to go out and talk to crackers or search out their tools and techniques? How many of those dangers are real, and how many are a load horseshit? Intrepid Linux.com reporter Anurag Phadke gives us a glimpse of the online world through the eyes of a cracker.
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When the Internet first surfaced to the general public in the early 90's everyone welcomed the beginning of a new era. Many hopes were floated and everyone seemed to be of the opinion that the Internet would change the standard of living for every individual. Of course, along with Internet came the blooming of on line credit cards and the convenience of Online Shopping coupled with a frenzy new products and loads of discount offers. Just when everything seemed to be "too good to be true" came the era of so called code breaker-crackers.
Every year millions of dollars are lost to credit card fraud. Just who is supposed to be held responsible for all this stuff? The online shopping sites, the end user or your over friendly neighbour? In this article, I shall talk about the detailed anatomy of a credit card, the loop holes of some of the online shopping sites and a few other details. I will try to show you, the honest citizen, the Internet world through the eyes of a cracker. Believe me, some of the facts here can give sleepless nights to anyone who loves his/her hard earned money.
Understanding Credit CardsA quick glance at a credit card and you have a name, an expiration date and a long 13 or 16 digit number imprinted on a wonderful glossy card. This number should not be mistook for any random number. It is a carefully designed number, that perfectly fits into a self-checking formula that is specific to each and every credit card company.
For instance, the first four to five digits of every card points to the issuing bank:
4032 = Household Bank 5286 = First Card / F.C.C. National Bank
How Credit Card Processing takes Place"The people who commit credit card frauds don't even care what will happen to the victims, for these people you are not a person but an object, an object that shall help them realize their ultimate fantasy.....unlimited money."
Lots of porn sites and online shops have a technique called real time processing of cards. This means that as soon as one enters his/her information, it is validated by the merchant who has a direct connection with the credit card company itself, and the result is available immediately. On the other hand, rediff.com (a popular Indian Portal) uses a manual technique to check credit cards. This means, your vital information is actually passed onto a third party before the transaction is finalised which also might be dangerous.
Try to do your shopping at a site that uses real-time processing of credit cards.
Server ExploitsThe presence of numerous exploits in servers is yet another reason for crackers to make merry. To date more than 100 patches have been released for Win2K. Some time back, I had a IRC chat with some person in Europe who told me how he applied the IIS/4.0 exploit to a website, giving him access to the harddisk of the computer hosting the website. He was then able to browse the entire hard disk of the remote PC via Internet Explorer and what he found was a login and password for a bank account. On checking it, it had balance of more than HK $20000 and the password actually worked for more than 2 weeks! Now whether this particular anonymous "voice" was telling the truth or not is irrelevant, the fact is this kind of thing can and is done every day.
Recently a lot of hype was created by companies such as flooz.com and paypal.com. Though flooz.com has now closed down, during its operations a person could easily use someone else's credit card and apparently go scot free with the stolen earned source of income. This is not a rare case.
Paypal.com which puts money on a account from a cc and can also send a cheque is equally vulnerable.
How does a Cracker find Credit Card Numbers?The three main ways appear to be server "expliots" (attacking the server directly), attacking software services and weak or badly written .cgi programs.
Another Problem with Online Merchant AccountsOnline merchant accounts such as ibill.com and authorize.net allows verification of credit card data entered by the user. A transaction is considered to be valid not only if the credit card details match but the user should also have adequate amount of balance on his account. For example say, I have just $30.00 USD in my bank account and I buy stuff worth $100 USD. Even though my information is correct, it hardly makes sense for the e-site to validate my transaction.
Another potential style of credit card fraud is not to use a stolen credit card at all, but simply to use the Internet to effcectivley increase your credit limit for a short period. Once a person get's access to these merchant accounts, they have hard cash at their disposal.
IRC: Another Haven for CC'sAnother way to get stolen credit cards numbers is simply to bareter for them. One of the best place to get loads of CC's is to wander around in some IRC channels (but there are plenty of other chat and Internet services and protocols to use too). Just log on to your favourite server (irc.dal.net) and join the channel #cc . Mainly a trading channel (cc's are being traded there as if they were Pokemon cards) you can get whatever you want by trading.... porn passes, virgin cc's, calling cards and sometimes even a laptop. If you are good at psychology, getting your hands on files that contain hundreds of credit card lists with details is a fairly simple task, albiet very illegal, of course. Some of the credit cards over there have as high limit as $5000/- Now isn't it time that someone took notice of all these activities? Agreed, IRC is an unmoderated forum of free speech but isn't it playing with a person's life?
Final WordsAs days pass by we all are strving to make our lives easier. Technology and its drawbacks are here to stay. If you have a look around yourself, 80% of hacking occurs because of admin being careless when installing a firewall, not updating the server regularly with patches or just turning a blind eye to the suspicious logs that keep on getting accumulated on the server.
You can have your credit card number stolen in any store, every time you use it, not just on the Internet. But a little knowledge about what is happeneing, how it is happening and why will help everybody feel more secure. The more you know, the better off you are.
Anurag Phadke, an Electronics Engineering student is in his final year of graduation. He loves Dominos Pizza and hopes to own a hotel sometime in the near future.
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[En-Nut-Discussion] Designing Interfaces, e.g. DMA
harald.kipp at egnite.de
Tue Jul 3 10:59:46 CEST 2012
On 02.07.2012 22:00, Ulrich Prinz wrote:
> Am 29.06.2012 11:20, schrieb Uwe Bonnes:
>> void DMA_Enable(uint8_t ch);
>> void DMA_Disable(uint8_t ch);
I'm still not very familiar with LPC and STM32 chips. Still I'm wondering, who would want to enable or disable DMA.
Are these functions usable by application code or are they just for drivers?
More information about the En-Nut-Discussion |
[En-Nut-Discussion] AVR: Use of _delay_loop_2 versus nut_delay_loops
bon at elektron.ikp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de
Thu Sep 27 13:51:44 CEST 2012
>>>>> "Harald" == Harald Kipp <harald.kipp at egnite.de> writes:
Harald> Hi Uwe, On 24.09.2012 14:17, Uwe Bonnes wrote:
>> in SVN Head for NutMicroDelay for AVR, I replaces the usage of
>> nut_delay_loops with all it's magic constants with a call to the
>> avr-libc supplied _delay_loop_2() Funktion. Beside setup, the
>> functions eats 4 cycle for each pass. This change made the BitBanging
>> One-Wire example work with AVR too.
>> Please let me know if I broke anything.
Harald> It doesn't work for AVR devices, which automatically detect
Harald> their CPU frequency and do not have NUT_CPU_FREQ defined.
Harald> Furthermore, there seem to be other problems with AVR as well,
Harald> possibly introduced by
Harald> #if !defined(NUT_DELAYLOOPS) && !defined(__AVR) &&
Harald> where two underscores are missing.
I checked in two changes for that subject. They fix the __AVR versus __AVR__
and handle the loop calculation when NUT_CPU_FREQ is not defined.
However a setup without NUT_CPU_FREQ only works with MCU_ATMEGA103 and
MCU_ATMEGA128. This is caused by the special timer setup for CountCpuLoops()
in arch/avr/dev/ostimer.c in
#ifdef NUT_CPU_FREQ /* ----- NUT_CPU_FREQ */
I don't have a test setup with these CPUs. And to understand to logic
used there is some bigger effort.
Can you please report back?
Uwe Bonnes bon at elektron.ikp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de
Institut fuer Kernphysik Schlossgartenstrasse 9 64289 Darmstadt
--------- Tel. 06151 162516 -------- Fax. 06151 164321 ----------
More information about the En-Nut-Discussion |
Here’s what comes to mind when I think of these terms: hierarchy, and community.
To serve, or being of service, always always always involves one higher and one lower…even if the one serving has more advantages than the one being served; for example, politicians and the government. How well has that worked, by the way?
In the old paradigm (including the new (c)age movement), it’s all about service (service to the g.o.d. program, service to others, service to self). Follow the energy flow here…where is it going?
What really, really grates, like fingernails on a chalkboard, is the shift in the business realm from serve to service/d. How did that happen? And why?
To serve, in the English language, is a transaction between animate objects. A waiter, changed to server some time ago (interesting, no?) as a work around to delete the word waitress (the feminine) and thereby gender neutral the position (whew! run on sentence acknowledged), serves me. Not services me.
To service is a transaction between animate and inanimate objects. My mechanic services my car.
The only exception I’ve ever heard to this rule is in the realm of prostitution where a prostitute services the john. Lacking passion, it is, I suppose, a form of mechanical transaction, implying and invoking a soullessness.
So, who does this shift in word choice serve? or service?
Are we more accurately servicing the g.o.d. program, rather than serving it? And, what does that make us?
Conversely, contribute and contribution feel to me like a joining in. Just in showing up, we contribute. Our individual energy is so underestimated in its power to influence.
What, then are we bringing with us? Clouds or sunshine? Is this why we tend to hibernate when feeling low? I know I don’t want to inflict my clouds on anyone. I don’t want to share my blues.
Contribution feels like the gifts I, and others, bring to the table; to the conversation. In giving, we receive. It’s that circular dynamic.
How do those feel to you?
If each were a swimming pool, which would you rather dive into?
Or, if you were having a party, which would be more fun to invite in?
© 2015, Elz. All rights reserved. |
Everyone knows that exercise is an important component of staying healthy, but the importance of strength training is often overlooked. Training with weights or other resistance is important for many reasons; building muscle mass helps to prevent certain injuries, control weight, and build stamina. But resistance training has another very important goal: developing strong bones.
A rising health concern in America is osteoporosis, or low bone mineral density (BMD). BMD is a critical factor in bone strength, and a low BMD places you at a significantly higher risk of fracture as you age. Bone mass increases throughout childhood and 90% of peak bone mass is achieved by age 18 for women and age 20 for men. Around age 40, bone mass starts to decrease and continues to decrease every year for the rest of our lives, usually at a faster rate in women than in men. Since fractures such as hip and spine fractures can have a major impact on quality of life as we age, and can even cause death in certain cases, it is imperative to maximize bone mass throughout our lives to help avoid these scenarios. The problem with osteoporosis is that most people don’t start to worry about it until it’s too late. If you are diagnosed with low BMD at age 65, there may be no way to regain enough bone mass to avoid fractures. Newer medications may be able to slow or halt the loss of bone mass, but building new bone after age 40 is difficult.
The easiest and most effective way to build bone mass is with strength or resistance exercise. As bone is stressed with resistance exercise, the body’s response is to stimulate bone cells to create new bone, making the bones denser and stronger. This response only occurs in the local area where the bone is stressed, so it is important to incorporate all muscle groups in strength training. It was once thought that strength training was a bad idea in growing children for fear of damaging the growth plates in developing bones, but more recent studies have shown that this couldn’t be farther from the truth. Since most of our bone mass accrues during childhood, strength training for children helps to maximize BMD so that there is a much greater reserve for later in life when the inevitable losses begin.
Continued strength training after adulthood helps to maintain the bone mass and density that is present, and slows the losses of bone in the elderly. The increased muscle strength and balance derived from resistance training can help to prevent falls as well, which in turn decreases fracture risk even further.
I urge you not to forget about strength training as a part of a balanced exercise regimen. Your bones will thank you later. |
In November we had a short session pitching to the directors of the Drama Center London, and I had learnt some tips of how to pitch your own scripts.
1. Picture and movement is what Directors see, so use the sentence like “Picture it, two people jumping up from the bed at exactly the same time, turning their head towards each other with huge horror and confusion, their eyebrow raised, eyes wide open, and the tension is there, woman thought the man is gonna kill him, out of self-defense, or “imagined” self-defense, she stabbed him using a knife she’s been hiding next to her pillow for a long time.” (*Use a lot of verbs and the objects, description of the face and parts to help Directors build the image that you wish to convey) And also could use the storytelling board, or other diagrams of structures, etc to better help Directors to have an image of your story.
2. Goal of the film. Everyone’s ambitious, it’s really a matter of enough teasing, if you mention “this film I have the goal of bringing it into the 2 minutes short film festival, Virgin Media short film festival”, they will remember you, and if they come back home and check those festival, and they will have the idea “I want to go to that festival as well”, and he will come back and contact you to team up.
3. Genre is SO important for professional people, because only when given enough genre studies, we know what the expectation of the audience is, hence we will be able to tilt all our techniques towards that part. Different shooting techniques will fit in different genre, color and tones will differ from genre and genre, so please be aware of your own genre for the story, and understand what’s expected from the Director who’s got experience working in such a genre
4. Directing Style, maybe for beginners this is a really scary topic as people think there must be supplied with enough skills to have style, not necessarily. Everyone’s living with one’s own style, like it or not, there’s always a way of “describing” your OWN way of doing this, it’s probably you are not REALIZING it, but it’s so important to work with people who understand their own style. Good example from Rory, he understands what kind of Theatre he love, complicite, he used a lot of adjective to share with me what’s his style, and I immediately get the point that ‘s his way of doing this, and in return I shared with him that I understand and I found my story fit in that style, and it will turn out to be obvious that this is the style gets us together working.
5. Role Models to bring closer the vision, usually people, in every profession, there’s someone who’s already achieving a lot and influencing our generation of creators, name them and show your enthusiasm and what have you learnt from those great minds, this will help people to understand your vision. Today I did a really good example of bringing the Butterfly Effect, Inception and Saw, because these are my favorite films in a way I believe people who understand these films will be able to understand my vision, as the genre, effect and story telling structures are quite similar. So I used this way to shorten our distance of vision. Bring these BEFORE you actually start to tell your story, will be tremendously helpful, please let’s use the halo effect in psychology.
6. No Experience? You can have no experience, it’s ok, but never mention you have NO experience, squeeze and leverage your past experience. You can even say, I have tons of experiences in theatre and I believe this will help in the film directing because…, to just cover your lack of experience in film instead of “exposing” yourself too much and dilute your own confidence. I feel I am able to work with people who are confident about their strengths and not shy to say that he loves to try in film. But I do not accept people who said: I have absolutely no film experience, maybe it’s risky to pick me. This is shaking my previously well-built confidence in them, which is not good. As a writer, if I am just starting, I do not want to mention I have NO film experience, I will say I have what experience and what can be leveraged in film, and I will even say I studied a lot of scripts and understand how those great works are made, and I intend to do the same work with that standard everytime I can.
7. Raise curiosity. Ask questions like “Have you experienced re-occurring dream?” How did you feel about it? Isn’t it mysterious? Is it? Wow, I know this is the idea you will love if you have experienced. “Wow you like surrealistic topics, that’s great cos I am really developing my direction in the surrealistic world and intend to bring my audience into that world, are you with me? So, the story is about…” So, ask a lot of interactive questions, and be a really really good listener about their answers, getting the vocabularies from their answers, and re-organize them to creat the feeling that’s actually they are TALKING about YOUR ideas. And they will understand your ideas much clearer because you’ve activated their central brain by supplying them with questions
8. Help towards completion. When story is almost finished, ask them to guess the ending, ask like “What do you think the woman will do?” “You can imagine how sad he feels, right?” “You see? This is coming back again? That dream!”, to allow the listener to complete the story themselves to put an end. And have those expectation answered, and sometimes their “continued” story-telling may surprisingly give you a different twist or ending, and usually that’s a good thing for writer
9. Ask for feedback directly, honesty is better than anything. How do you think about the idea? I believe you must have thought about similar 2 minutes ideas, do you think my thoughts give you a strong hunch feeling that you wish to see this through together with me? What more can I tell to complete your mental picture? Could you ask me some questions to help complete the mental picture together?
10. Seek for suitability check. If given a rating from 0 to 5, how much you would rate this idea? How would you rate my fitability with your style and vision? And scrutinize their facial expressions, you could almost tell how much they would love to work with you. Ask directly so that they could be upfront and face their heart, I feel it’s so important to seize the first chance as much as you can. Make the first impression really well, be beautiful and professional, enthusiastic about the others and your own idea, do NOT be TOO proud of yourself. |
BEGREEN--Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) head Scott Pruitt denied a 10-year-old petition late Wednesday to ban the use of chlorpyrifos, a widely-used pesticide that harms children's brains, in a decision that outraged public health advocates and environmentalists.
In greenlighting the dangerous chemical, the EPA defied its own research—and acquiesced to Dow Chemical, the maker of chlorpyrifos, which has been lobbying the agency for years to allow the pesticide's continued use.
"Without the ban, farmworkers, their children, and others can't escape exposure because the poison is in [the] air they breathe, in the food they eat, the soil where children play."
United Farm Workers
As the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) observed: "The Trump EPA's denial of the NRDC and Pesticide Action Network 2007 petition to ban chlorpyrifos contradicts EPA's own analysis from November 2016 (just five months ago!) that found widespread risk to children from residues of the pesticide on food, in drinking water, and in the air in agricultural communities. Up until last night, EPA explained that because of these risks a ban was needed to protect children's health."
Environmental law group Earthjustice listed the risks the EPA discovered through its own research into chlorpyrifos:
- All exposure to chlorpyrifos through food exceeds safe levels of the chemical. The most exposed population is children between one and two years of age. On average, this vulnerable group is exposed to 140 times the level of chlorpyrifos the EPA deems safe.
- Chlorpyrifos contaminates drinking water.
- Chlorpyrifos drifts to schools, homes, and fields in toxic amounts at more than 300 feet from the fields.
- Workers face unacceptable risks from exposures when they mix and apply chlorpyrifos and when they enter fields to tend to crops.
There is little doubt about the science. Mother Jones' Tom Philpott reported that "Stephanie Engel, an epidemiologist at the University of North Carolina and a co-author of [a major study on chlorpyrifos at Mount Sinai], says the evidence that chlorpyrifos exposure causes harm is 'compelling'—and is 'much stronger' even than the case against BPA (bisphenol A), the controversial plastic additive. She says babies and fetuses are particularly susceptible to damage from chlorpyrifos because they metabolize toxic chemicals more slowly than adults do. And 'many adults' are susceptible, too, because they lack a gene that allows for metabolizing the chemical efficiently, Engel adds."
And the New York Times reported that "Jim Jones, who ran the chemical safety unit at the EPA for five years, and spent more than 20 years working there until he left the agency in January when President Trump took office, said he was disappointed by Mr. Pruitt's action. 'They are ignoring the science that is pretty solid,' Mr. Jones said."
The decision is in line with Pruitt's anti-science, pro-corporate stance. Yet advocates and researchers who have followed the years-long campaign to end the use of chlorpyrifos were still shocked by Pruitt's outrageous move.
As a result of Pruitt's decision, children and farmworkers nationwide are endangered, rights advocates and environmental groups charge.
"Without the ban, farmworkers, their children, and others can't escape exposure because the poison is in [the] air they breathe, in the food they eat, the soil where children play," observed Erik Nicholson, national vice president of United Farm Workers. "We all have a basic right to a healthy life."
Some further argued that the decision breaks the law.
"We have a law that requires the EPA to ban pesticides that it cannot determine are safe, and the EPA has repeatedly said this pesticide is not safe," Patti Goldman, managing attorney at Earthjustice, told the New York Times.
Earthjustice has vowed to fight Pruitt's decision in court, reported NPR.
(Nika Knight writes for Common Dreams … where this report was first posted.) |
A X.509 certificate is a structured grouping of information about an
individual, a device, or anything one can imagine. A X.509 CRL
(certificate revocation list) is a tool to help determine if a
certificate is still valid. The exact definition of those can be found
in the X.509 document from ITU-T, or in RFC3280 from PKIX. In OpenSSL,
the type X509 is used to express such a certificate, and the type
X509_CRL is used to express a CRL.
A related structure is a certificate request, defined in PKCS#10 from
RSA Security, Inc, also reflected in RFC2896. In OpenSSL, the type
X509_REQ is used to express such a certificate request.
To handle some complex parts of a certificate, there are the types
X509_NAME (to express a certificate name), X509_ATTRIBUTE (to express a
certificate attributes), X509_EXTENSION (to express a certificate
extension) and a few more.
Finally, there's the supertype X509_INFO, which can contain a CRL, a
certificate and a corresponding private key.
X509_..., d2i_X509_... and i2d_X509_... handle X.509 certificates, with
some exceptions, shown below.
X509_CRL_..., d2i_X509_CRL_... and i2d_X509_CRL_... handle X.509 CRLs.
X509_REQ_..., d2i_X509_REQ_... and i2d_X509_REQ_... handle PKCS#10
X509_NAME_... handle certificate names.
X509_ATTRIBUTE_... handle certificate attributes.
X509_EXTENSION_... handle certificate extensions.
X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID(3), X509_NAME_print_ex(3), X509_NAME_new(3),
d2i_X509(3), d2i_X509_ALGOR(3), d2i_X509_CRL(3), d2i_X509_NAME(3),
d2i_X509_REQ(3), d2i_X509_SIG(3), crypto(3), x509v3(3)
1.0.1f 2014-01-06 x509(3SSL)
Man Pages Copyright Respective Owners. Site Copyright (C) 1994 - 2018
All Rights Reserved. |
Security is a very important consideration for all MPC operations and facilities. MPC conducts security vulnerability and threat assessments and implements loss prevention strategies and site measures in order to protect its employees, contractors, facilities and the communities in which it operates. Assessments provide an understanding of potential security weaknesses and a framework for determining any appropriate security countermeasures.
In addition, some facilities in the U.S. must comply with Department of Homeland Security laws and regulations designed to protect critical infrastructure and ensure chemical security. This includes certain MPC facilities or operations that fall under the jurisdiction of the Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA), Transportation Workers Identification Credentials (TWIC) regulation and/or the Chemical Facility Anti-terrorism Standard (CFATS). Other segments of our operations must also comply with hazardous materials transportation security regulations under the Department of Transportations’ regulation HM-232 and the Transportation Security Guidelines for pipelines.
MPC also participates in the Custom and Border Protection (CBP) program Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT). This program provides additional protection for supply chain security at several of our facilities. |
Here's an old one I found - I did this a couple of years ago in Steve Brodner's class at FIT.
Did you know that eating meat leads to global warming? The fossil fuels used in storing, shipping, and slaughtering animals, not to mention the transportation and refrigeration of those animals once they've been prepared for human consumption, release CO2, one of the primary gases that cause global warming. In 2006 the University of Chicago found that "eating a vegan diet prevents the equivalent of 1.5 tons of CO2 emissions every year, more than the 1 ton of CO2 emissions prevented by switching from a typical large sedan to a Toyota Prius."
Along with CO2, methane and nitrous oxide (a gas 296 times more portent than CO2!!!!) are released from the manure, fertilizer, flatulence, and belching created by the massive amounts of factory animals raised for meat. The process of deforestation in order to make room for these animals also adds to our immense Carbon footprint.
Go Veg! Happy Earth Day!!! |
A Caregivers Guide: A handbook about end-of-life care - Translated into Chinese - Box of 25633C In Stock
Translated into Chinese - A Caregiver’s Guide presents family and informal caregivers the medical and nursing information they will need in clear, easily understood language. This guide will help family and informal caregivers to understand the journey upon which their loved ones have embarked, to become effective, informed members of the palliative care team and to provide essential physical, spiritual and emotional support. Published in 2005, this exceptional resource is a national adaptation of an earlier version published and distributed in Alberta, Canada by the Alberta Hospice Palliative Care Association and the The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem. Production of this product has been made possible through a financial contribution from Health Canada. This national guide was made possible with the financial support of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem. |
In a Vox poll taken last month, an overwhelming majority (85 percent) of the respondents claimed to support equality for women, but a mere 18 percent were willing to label themselves feminists. To understand why the disconnect is so striking, look no further than the controversy attending recent university talks presented by “Factual Feminist” vlogger and writer Christina Hoff Sommers.
Ms. Sommers, author of the must-reads Freedom Feminism, The War Against Boys, and Who Stole Feminism?, spoke recently at Georgetown University on the topic “What’s Right (and Wrong) About Feminism” at a standing-room only, Clare Booth Luce Policy Institute-sponsored event. You can see that here. If you’ve ever seen her speak in the media or on YouTube, you know that there couldn’t be a friendlier, less threatening face of feminism.
And yet she was greeted, if you can call it that, by a small faction of horrified students who issued “trigger warnings” for anyone who might be traumatized by her “hate speech,” notices of “safe spaces” elsewhere as refuge from her intimidating presence, and ludicrous accusations that she supports rape. Protesters also made their own presence felt during the speech itself. These students didn’t simply disagree with Ms. Sommers – they didn’t want her viewpoint heard, so they resorted to demonizing her.
Predictably, there was more of the same at Ms. Sommers’ more recent talk at Oberlin College, where she was hosted by the Oberlin College Republicans and Libertarians (OCRL). Among the messages posted on campus in advance of the talk were such misrepresentations and shameful lies as “Christina Hoff Sommers and OCRL support rapists!!” and “F*ck anti-feminists.” Shouldn’t college students at least be able to exhibit a broader vocabulary than the F-word?
Prior to Ms. Sommers’ Oberlin talk, two young women made an announcement to the audience about a “safe space” alternate event, where they warned that they wouldn’t allow any “toxic people.” When one of the pair urged anyone with questions to come talk to them, the other half-joked that “We’re pretty cool. We only bite people we dislike” – in other words, people with whom they disagree. You know, toxic people.
In attendance was a male blogger from Third Base Politics, who reported on the unconcealed hostility toward Ms. Sommers. It’s worth quoting him at length to get the full feel of the protesters’ petulant extremism:
Many in the audience were quite rude and frequently interrupted Sommers. Many students sat in the audience with duct tape over their mouths, inferring that Sommers’ mere presence was an attempt to silence them. Ironically, by labeling her a “rapist supporter” and interrupting her, they were actually striving to silence her.
For most in the audience, rational discussion of facts is not even welcome.
Don’t give me facts. Just shut up. That’s how Sommers was responded to.
At the end, Sommers took questions. All but one were obviously hostile to her presence, and she took questions from an equal number of male and female attendees. A female student behind me exclaimed “Oh look! She called on a boy!” every single time she took a question from a male student, even though every one of the male questions she received was equally as hostile to her as the female questions.
After taking questions from three women in a row, she took the final question from a man. The student behind me again remarked “Oh look another question from a boy!”
I politely asked her, “But weren’t the last three girls?”
She glared at me and said, “This is an event about FEMINISM!”
So, as far as these loud-and-proud feminists are concerned, males aren’t allowed to express ideas or opinions about feminism, even when they align with those of the females in the audience. That’s because they don’t view men, even sympathetic ones, as partners in resolving the growing divide between men and women, but as the enemy. Men are guilty of “rape culture” simply by virtue of their genitalia. It’s the very definition of sexism and bigotry.
Even before Ms. Sommers’ appearance, dozens of feminists signed a letter to the Oberlin Review called “In Response to Sommers’ Talk: A Love Letter to Ourselves,” a title which fittingly captures their insistence on wrapping themselves in a protective layer of self-righteous narcissism. The fact that they “responded” to her talk even before having heard it speaks volumes about their closed-mindedness.
The letter included this dismissive gem: “We could spend all of our time and energy explaining all of the ways [Ms. Sommers is] harmful. But why should we?” Well, you should because without specifics and evidence, your accusations have no merit or substance.
This is the reason so many people today reject the “feminist” label despite supporting equality wholeheartedly: the movement has been hijacked by a radical minority of intellectually intolerant and militant misandrists whose rude, crude fanaticism alienates the rational majority represented by Christina Hoff Sommers. Their bitterness, anger, resentfulness, and determination to perpetuate the War Between the Sexes are not shared by most Americans, male or female.
The militants will learn this the hard way when they depart their safe spaces on American campuses where their sensitivity is coddled, and they enter the real world where – at least for now – there is no shield against facts and different viewpoints.
(This article originally appeared here on Acculturated, 4/28/15) |
Evidence presented at the 39th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference here in Houston, Texas indicates that significant volumes of water ice have been discovered in Mars' mid-northern latitudes. The Sharad radar experiment on Nasa's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has been looking at distinctive geological features called lobate debris aprons (LDAs). These dome-shaped structures are concentrated around the mid-latitudes in the planet's northern and southern hemispheres. By penetrating the domes with the Sharad radar, scientists were able to judge their geological makeup. Very little attenuation (reduction in signal strength) was detected, suggesting they were predominantly made of ice. Commenting on the likely concentration of water bound up in the features, lead scientist Dr Jeff Plaut estimated, "robustly, more than 50% ice by volume - but it could be much more." The ice is thought to have formed during the mid to late Amazonian era, the cold, dry period of Martian history which began around 1.8 billion years ago and lasts to the present day.
Record Bin Roulette
3 years ago |
Quick, what's your No. 1 qualm about smartphones? Chances are, you said "battery life." Most smartphones today, even high-end ones, barely last a day of heavy use.
Apple is looking to fix that problem with a new patent, filed in March and published Sept. 3, that describes a "fuel cell system for a portable computing device."
The patent envisions a system consisting of a fuel cell, which converts fuel to electrical power, an interface to the portable computing device (e.g. smartphone) and a controller that monitors the state of the fuel cell and controls it.
As far as patent applications go, this one seems pretty broad; for example, it mentions many possible fuel sources, ranging from lithium hydride and water mix to liquid hydrogen.
The patent posits that a hydrogen fuel cell could "enable continued operation of portable electronic devices for days or even weeks without refueling" (wouldn't that be dreamy), but also immediately mentions that it's "extremely challenging" to design portable, cost-effective hydrogen fuel cell systems.
As always, a patent filing does not mean we'll soon (or ever) see a product using the technology. A duo of very similar patents, also filed by Apple, were published in 2011, and they definitely haven't resulted in any real world products yet. At least the new filing shows Apple is still interested in the technology, rekindling hopes of a fuel cell iPhone in the future. |
I love this meme. Until now, I have only seen the standard “Keep Calm and …” , which I think is a little overrated.
I love this meme because it spoke to me. If there is a recurring topic that we (bloggers/vloggers) talk about, I think it’s procrastination. And it’s not without a reason. It can be difficult trying to meet schedules and staying organized especially when you have a busy life balancing work, school and some other activities. But sometimes, we simply can’t find the motivation to get work started on time. And that’s one of every college student’s albatrosses. I was late posting this blog because I had waited until the last minute to do an assignment I should have done days before. Oops.
Throughout the years, I have noticed that I do better when I see that things are organized. My handwriting definitely isn’t the best and my pens and lip glosses are almost indistinguishable in my bag, but I am pretty OK at organizing school materials. I have to be. So I’ve listed a couple of things for you that have helped me stay organized (and sane) throughout my college career:
1.) Use folders.
One for each class. Don’t forget to include your class syllabus; you’ll never know when it will come in handy.
Not the one we use for our cheeks, ladies!
Highlighting our papers can help us remember important details. Our notes will look colorful and it can improve our grades.
3.) Know your strengths and weaknesses
If you tend to misplace things a lot, it’s not a good idea to not have a place to put things in. You don’t want to misplace that assignment you worked really on the night before.
It all comes down to knowing how to correct yourself after doing things wrong so many times.
4.) Write the Chapter.
More often than not, Chapter 4 will be different from Chapter 6. If you want to know where to look on your textbook for future references, see what Chapter your notes were on.
5.) Don’t forget anything at home.
If you have anything you would like to add to this list, please feel free to comment and let me know how you keep yourself organized 🙂 . |
Pre-Vet Practical Experience
As soon as you decide you want to become a veterinarian – or even think you might want to be a vet – you should find positions where you can either volunteer, shadow, or work with a veterinarian. Documentation that you have worked with vets in different fields (large/farm animal, equine, small animal, exotic, wildlife, laboratory animals, primates) is very important. You MUST have some kind of experience with more than one type of veterinarian, and ideally, having exposure to at least 3 kinds of “clinical” practices will emphasize your commitment to your chosen career path and demonstrate diversity in your experiences. Additional kinds of work in other animal related fields, such as research, necropsy, field studies, rescue/rehabilitation work in animal shelters or zoos – are also excellent forms of supplemental experience.
Keep a log of the hours you volunteered/worked. Keep a record of the kinds of cases you see and some of the duties you are either exposed to or allowed to perform. If you are volunteering – be responsible and reliable – ask lots of questions – learn about the business side of the practices – not just the medical side. Ideally - you should have a letter of recommendation from at least one practicing veterinarian, who can attest to your desire, natural curiosity, and ease of interactions with the patients.
"Attached are two pictures of me on the Broadreach Veterinary Medicine program in Costa Rica the summer after my freshman year. The first is when we learned to do physical exams on cows at a ranch, and the second was when we got to do physical exams at a wildlife rescue center (I got to do mine on an anteater). It was a four week program, and I got a really great introduction to lots of different kinds of vet med." |
The Ryan Report, which examined the psychological and physical abuse of young children within Irish industrial schools over a period of decades, found evidence of horrible suffering inflicted by cold-hearted priests, brothers, and nuns. Many children suffered severe sexual abuse, including rape. Countless numbers endured relentless hardship, terror, and emotional deprivation - and this went on day after day for years. This is (yet another) disgusting episode in the history of the Catholic Church, demonstrating yet again how little effect its teachings have in producing compassion for real, suffering people. In this case, it was young children who were able to feel enduring pain and misery, leading very often to life-long mental scars.
Clearly, the Church just doesn't get it. This is just the kind of monstrous thing for which we justifiably reach for the extreme word "evil".
But they never learn. Now we have the news story of a senior Vatican official, Cardinal Antonio Canizares, claiming that all this inhuman treatment of real children is nothing compared to abortions. He is quoted as saying "What happened in some schools cannot be compared with the millions of lives that have been destroyed by abortion. It (abortion) has legally destroyed 40 million human lives."
Yes, this is why we call it the Cult of Misery. This is why the Catholic Church is an evil institution, which is not to say that all the individual religious and lay members of the Church are evil, which would be nonsense. But they just don't get it at the very highest levels of the Church. They seriously believe that it is worse to destroy a fetus in a quick operation - either at a sufficiently early stage of pregnancy that there is no pain involved for the fetus, or in any event long before there can be misery, terror, or the slightest understanding of what is happening, or any feelings of confusion if it comes to that - than to inflicting terrible physical and mental harm upon real children ... on young, confused, defenceless people who are old enough to suffer exquisitely, day after day, for years that must feel, at that age, as if they will never end. No words of condemnation are strong enough for this, but Cardinal Canizares evidently doesn't see it that way. This is a kind of moral stupidity or sickness.
Don't believe the Church's propaganda. Its so-called morality is not about avoiding and relieving suffering; it is about absurd moral rules that are applied in a mindless fashion, irrespective of their consequences for human happiness.
The Catholic Church holds itself out as having moral authority, as being able to give us moral leadership, as being a respectable source of guidance to individuals and even governments. It is nothing like that. It's the opposite of all that. Yes, it has some good people amongst its membership. But as an institution, it is not only intellectually bankrupt; it is morally contemptible. The sooner it is totally marginalised in all societies, the better. |
Pros Of Green Revolution Essay, Research Paper
With the rapid growth of our global population
pouring into the next millennium, we will witness an ever-growing hunger
rate around the world. That is unless we call for a revolution on the global
scale. The Green Revolution which already sprouted in the early part of
the century only need to add a bit more momentum and we will see a bright
future for the human race, a future without hunger and starvation ¡V
It is becoming increasingly difficult for
the planet to support its overwhelming population. And since the amount
of arable land available is becoming scarce, we must seek ways to dramatically
improve crop yields of existing cropland. By implementing new farming techniques
provided with the new technological advances in machines we can see abundant
harvest in even the poorest third world countries. For example, the Green
Revolution has already showed admirable progress in the northern part of
India ever since it took start in 1950. By 1997, northern India increased
its grain production by 37 percent. This has proven that traditional farming
methods are being rendered obsolete. And because by the year 2000, there
will be half the land per person in developing countries as there was in
1970, we need to apply ultra-efficient methods to sustain the growing need.
Not only does the Green Revolution enhances
food output, it also preserves the environment. Traditional agriculture
requires massive forest and grassland removal to obtain land necessary
to farm on. Deforestation and overgrazing has caused erosion flooding,
and enabled the expansion of deserts. But with drainage systems, leveling,
and irrigation provided by the Green Rev, all this terra deforming will
unlikely happen again. We can retain clean air and lessen the global warming
effect caused by deforestation.
Many people argue that a revamp in agriculture
will be way too expensive and unrealistic especially for those poor farmers
in third world countries. However many times, they exaggerate the price.
In reality, farmers who take the first step in the revolution will most
likely succeed and will have more money to invest in further development
such as irrigation systems and wells and machineries. And since poverty
is caused by low productivity of food which results in over expensive food
prices, we can eliminate this problem by raising crop yields.
We don’t have much time and room to speculate
on this issue. The turn of the century is approaching quickly and so is
overpopulation. What we should be speculating on is how the development
process proceeds not should it proceed. The Industrial Revolution altered
the world one step ahead. The Green Revolution will take the next. |
The Castle (‘Castellum’) Guinnion has been identified with the Roman fort of Vinovium at Binchester, although the great Professor Kenneth Jackson thought this unlikely. It has since been noted, however, that Ptolemy’s alternative Vinnovium (B. *Uinnouion) brings us very close to the later name set down by Nennius. Vinnovium should have given in Old Welsh at this stage a form in –wy, but it could be that – ion has been maintained as a so-called ‘learned form’. Thus the identification should not be rejected.
Binchester is not far south of Hadrian’s Wall on the Roman Dere Street. The fort stands on a spur of high ground some one and a quarter miles north of Bishop Auckland. It overlooks a loop in the river Wear and is in an excellent defensive position.
The fort was built in 79 CE during the Roman advance into northern England. From the early second century Binchester and the other Dere Street forts became important supply depots for Hadrian’s Wall and developed as military centres controlling the region south of the Wall.
The fort was in continuous military use until the early years of the 5th century. After the final withdrawal of the garrison the fort and the surrounding vicus (civilian settlement) continued to be occupied by the local, native population and it would seem that Binchester remained an important small town. By the beginning of the 6th century the fort buildings were being torn down and stripped of stone. Part of the site was ut lized by Anglo-Saxons as a cemetery.
I had at one time proposed Carwinning in Dalry parish, Ayrshire, which is from a Caer + Winnian. This looks very good, but if a battle were fought here during Arthur’s time it was certainly not against the English.
There are, of course, several “Gwynion” place-names in Wales, but again, none of them work for Arthur.
In passing, I would put forward an additional, though tentative argument in support of Binchester as Guinnion. In the Introduction I alluded to Arthur’s carrying of the image of Mary on his shield during the Guinnion battle. It may not be a coincidence that Binchester is known for having a cult of the Mother Goddesses at its Roman fort. It is possible Mary in the Arthurian battle context is a Christian substitution for the Binchester ‘Mother.’
From http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2009/beck_n#p=0&a=top (Goddesses in Roman Religion, thesis by Noemie Beck, 2009):
“In Britain, the dedications to the Matres amount to approximately fifty inscriptions, all but a few from military sites, notably along Antonine’s and Hadrian’s Wall, and dedicated by soldiers. One of the few exceptions is the inscription to the Matres Ollototae, which is from the non-military site of Heronbridge, Cheshire. This suggests that the cult of the Matres and Matronae was brought to Britain by auxiliary troops from the Continent, such as by the Germanic legionaries of the Roman army. However, it does not mean that the Celtic peoples from Britain did not have any cultural notions of the Mother Goddesses, only that some particularities in the worship must have come with the army. The cult of the Mothers in Britain is clearly Romanized, for they all bear Roman epithets, such as Transmarinae, Campestres, Domesticae or Fatae, apart from the Matres Ollototae and the Matres Suleviae. The Matres Ollototae are undeniably Celtic, for their name is composed of Celtic ollo-, ‘all’ and teuta, touta, ‘tribe’. They are thus ‘The Mothers of All the Peoples’. They are mentioned in an inscription from Heronbridge (Claverton, Cheshire): Deabus Matribus Ollototis Iul(ius) Secundus et Aelia Augustina, ‘To the Mother Goddesses Ollototae, Julius Secundus and Aelia Augustina (set this up)’, and in three inscriptions from Binchester (Durham): Deab(us) Matrib(us) O[l]lot(otis) T[i]b(erius) Cl(audius) Quintianus b(ene)f(iciarius) co(n)s(ularis) v.s.l.m., ‘To the Mother Goddesses Ollototae Tiberius Claudius Quintianus beneficiaries of the governor, willingly and deservedly fulfilled his vow’ ; [M]atrib(us) O[lloto(tis)] CARTO VAL MARTI Vetto(num) GENIO LOCI LIT . IXT, ‘To the Mother Goddesses Ollototae … Cavalry Regiment of Vettonians….’ ; I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(axiom) et Matribus Ollototis sive Transmarinis, ‘To Jupiter, Best and Greatest, and to the Ollototae or Overseas Mother Goddesses’.” |
NATURAL LAW and the LAW of NATIONS
Samuel Gregg, Acton Institute
The origins of the idea of the law of nations – the ius gentium – are not to be found in the early modern period. It was first articulated by Greek and Roman classical philosophers and jurists. In the Institutes of the Roman jurist Gaius (130–180), the ius gentium is closely associated with the ius naturale. “Every people”, Gaius wrote, “that is governed by statutes and customs observes partly its own peculiar law and partly the law common to all mankind. That law which a people establishes for itself is peculiar to it, and is called ius civile as being the special law of that state, while the law that natural reason establishes among all mankind is followed by all peoples alike, and is called ius gentium as being the law observed by all mankind.” Gauis’s distinction between ius naturale and ius gentium lies in the notion that the origins of this law lie in human reason while ius gentium represents its application.
Roman law, however, also articulated a second sense of ius gentium. In the ancient world, the law applicable to persons depended on the person rather than where they lived. Athenians were governed by Athenian law, while Romans were governed by Roman law. The problem was determining what law was applicable to a person (e.g., an Athenian) living within a Roman jurisdiction, especially when it came to his relationships with people of other jurisdictions. To address potential conflicts, a Roman body of law had emerged by the first century B.C. applicable to citizen and non-citizen alike and distinguishable from the ius civile (the law specific to a particular state).
Following Rome’s fall in the West, Isidore of Seville (560–636) played a major role in preserving and codifying Gaius’ concept of the ius gentium. In his Etymologiae, Isidore listed a number of institutions (such as peace treaties and the treatment of prisoners in wartime) that he regarded as belonging to the law of nations. He added that this law was so called because it is in force among almost all peoples. The adverb “almost” was a minor but important modification insofar as it weakened the association between natural law and the ius gentium.
The medieval treatment of ius gentium differed slightly from that of the Roman jurists. While Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) agreed with Gaius’s distinction between ius civile and ius gentium, Aquinas’ scattered references to the ius gentium specified that the ius gentium was that aspect of positive law that was immediately derived by deduction from the natural law and which was universally applicable across jurisdictional boundaries. In this sense, the force of ius gentium was grounded both in natural law and the human reasoning that created the institutions that flow directly from natural law. For Aquinas, an example of this is the norm of pacta sunt servanda (agreements are to be performed). On one level, making a contract is a social convention which has developed and been given legal force because it has been proved to serve the common good. Contract (and other legal institutions such as property) is thus a matter of positive law by means of its mode of promulgation. Yet contract is so essential for justice and social order in any human community that it should be understood as immediately deducible from principles of natural law. It thus belongs to the ius gentium rather than the ius civile. In short the convention of contract would be meaningless unless there was a general natural law principle that promises should be kept. To this extent, Aquinas held that fulfilling contracts is not a principle of natural law per se. Rather it is a principle of ius gentium, which is nonetheless a matter of natural law.
These distinctions – which were not without their ambiguities – began breaking down in the early modern period. To some Jesuit and Dominican scholastics, it seemed that the precepts of the law of nations could be assigned to either the natural law or the positive law, thus rendering the category of ius gentium redundant. Rather than taking this step, they argued that the ius gentium had become invested with the definitional feature that it was constituted by “the common consent of peoples”, even though consent had not been mentioned by any of the medieval or classical authorities.
Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) maintained that the ius gentium was somewhere between natural and positive law. It was “a mean between natural and human law, and very much closer to the former”. Suárez then used an adapted version of Isidore’s description of the contents of ius gentium, and divided it into two groups. The first group was those laws that were part of the domestic law of most commonwealths, such as laws governing property and domestic commerce. These intrinsically belonged to the civil law. The second group was those laws that were common in the way they coordinated relationships between peoples and commonwealths (laws inter nationes). Examples included the laws governing war, international commercial interactions, and the treatment of diplomats. These, Suárez held, were most worthy of the title of ius gentium. Francisco de Vitoria (1483/1486-1546) had tentatively made a similar point when he shifted the emphasis of ius gentium from inter omnes homines to inter omnes gentes.
It was the almost completely universal character of the ius gentium, Suárez held, that invested it with a moral status more authoritative than other positive laws. According to Suárez, the ius gentium emerged through “by practice itself and by tradition” and “without any special meeting or consent of all peoples at a particular time.” Its universal usage, however, was derived from the fact that the ius gentium “is so close to nature and so suited to all nations and the fellowship between them that it would have been almost naturally propagated along with the human race itself, and thus it was not written, because it was laid down by no lawgiver, but prevailed by usage”. Clearly Suárez regarded the ius gentium as an instance of customary law and tradition rather than formal prescription. Nevertheless, in light of people’s propensity to disagree about so many things, agreement about something across the divisions of nation and people was, in Suárez’s view, significant proof of the reasonability of the matter upon which almost everyone agreed.
Suárez also made the crucial point – perhaps partly because of the impact of the European encounter with the Americas – that, regarding the ius gentium, there was a type of res publica that bound people together over and above the political community once thought to be the communitates perfectae. The ius gentium’s provisions thus extended to everyone, “even foreigners and members of any nation whatsoever”. This did not mean that humanity in its entirety had at some time consented to the content of the ius gentium. Rather all peoples were expected to have independently recognized its content. Failure to know the ius gentium was considered proof of a society’s corruption.
These arguments underwent further modification following the rise of the modern nation-state with its particular claim to sovereignty and the increasing instances of war between such states after the Reformation. The effect was to generate an appropriation and rethinking of the principles of the ius gentium as part of the public international law designed to govern relations between sovereign nation-states after the Treaty of Westphalia (1648). In the works of Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) the connection of the ius gentium to the natural law remains, but is less evident than in Suárez’s writings. Grotius sought to discover “a body of law that is maintained between states” which was conceptually distinct from the civil law of states and grounded in “the law of nature and nations”. Grotius did not deny that the natural law ought to be the basis for relations between sovereign states. He did, however, stress that the ius gentium – like all positive law – was the result of human will.
Another prominent seventeenth-century philosopher and jurist, Samuel von Pufendorf (1632-1694), played a major role in weakening the links between the older traditions of natural law and the idea of the ius gentium. Pufendorf insisted that the ius gentium was more than just convention, but accepted Grotius’ argument that the law of nations was, strictly speaking, the law between states as opposed to the law shared by all humanity. Pufendorf, however, largely adopted Thomas Hobbes’ idea of the law of nature: i.e., the law which all rational humans follow in order to survive and prosper. He also accepted Hobbes’ division of the law of nature into the laws of man and that of states, the latter being, according to Hobbes, the law of nations. While Pufendorf argued that the law of nations was the state of nature applied to relations between states, he disagreed with Hobbes’s claim that the state of nature was one of war. But Pufendorf also believed that the peaceful relations naturally prevailing between states were sufficiently weak that laws were inevitably developed to maintain the peace.
By the eighteenth century, concepts of the ius gentium as the common law of humanity, or customs shared by almost all peoples, or that aspect of positive law immediately deduced from the first principles of natural law had been largely marginalized. In his highly influential Droits des Gens (1758), Emer de Vattel presented the law of nations as simply the law of nature of individuals in the state of nature applied to states. Vattel disagreed, however, with Hobbes (and Pufendorf) that “the maxims of the law of nature and those of the law of nations were precisely the same”. Nations and individuals were very different entities and there subsequently results, Vattel wrote, “in many cases, very different obligations and rights”. This was particularly true when it came to international commercial relations which, from Vattel’s standpoint, increasingly formed the subject matter of the law of nations. Discerning these differences involved “the art of thus applying [the law of nature] with a precision founded on right reason”. It was this, Vattel added, “that renders the law of nations a distinct science”. With this reference to “right reason”, we find a very faint echo of the classical, Thomistic, and early-modern natural law tradition of conceptualizing the ius gentium.
Gai Institutiones or Institutes of Roman Law by Gaius, with a Translation and Commentary by Edward Poste, 4th ed. revised and enlarged by E.A. Whittuck, with an historical introduction by A.H.J. Greenidge (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1904), 1.
A slightly different distinction appears in Justinian’s Institutes. This defines natural law as “that which nature has taught all animals” (rather than simply humans). Ius gentium is interpreted as the law common to humans and derived from human reason See Justinian, Institutes, trs. and introduction by Peter Birks and Grant McLeod (New York: Cornell University Press, 1987), Book I, 2.
See Barry Nichols, An Introduction to Roman Law (Oxford: OUP, 1962), pp. 57-58.
Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae, tr. W. M. Lindsay (Oxford: OUP, 1911),5.6.
Fathers of the English Dominican Province, eds., Summa Theologica, 3 vols. (New York: Benziger Brothers, 1947) (hereafter ST) I-II, q.95, a.2, 4.
ST II-II, q.77 a. 1c.
ST I-II, p. 95 a. 4c and II-II q. 57 a. 3c.
See Harro Höpfl, Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State, c. 1540-1630 (Cambridge: CUP, 2004), p. 302.
Francisco Suárez, S.J., De Legibus, II.17.1. Selections from three works of Francisco Suárez, S.J: De legibus, ac deo legislatore, 1612; Defensio fidei catholicae, et apostolicae adversus anglicanae ... theologica, fide, spe, et charitate, 1621 (New York: W.S. Hein, 1995).
Ibid. II.20.7.
Ibid. II.19.8.
Ibid. II.19.8.
Francisco de Vitoria, O.P., De indis et iure belli relectiones, ed. Ernest Nys (Washington, The Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1917), rel. I, sect III: “Quod naturalis ratio inter omnes gentes constituit vocatur ius gentium”.
Suárez, De Legibus, II.20.1.
Ibid., III.2.6.
Ibid. II.19.50.
Ibid., II.10.9.
See Thomas Hobbes, De Cive, ed. H. Warrender, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983), 28.
See Emer de Vattel, Les Droits des Gens, ed. and with an introduction by Béla Kapossy and Richard Whatmore (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2008), Preface, 9.
Ibid., 9
Ibid. Preliminaries, 6.
Ibid. Preliminaries, 6.
Published 2011 by the Witherspoon Institute |
22 April 2016 - 28 August 2016
On its last weekend the closing hour of the PICASSO-exhibition is changed: Fri-Sun, 26-28 August, admission and ticket office is from 10 am until 7 pm, closing starts at 7.30 pm, the building closes at 8 pm.
Boasting a hundred paintings, drawings, sculptures and other artworks, this exhibition embraces every period of Picasso's career, paying particular attention to one aspect of his ouvre: the constant transfigurations in his portrayal of the human figure. Most of the exhibited works have been generouslyloaned by the Musée national Picasso-Paris, which, with some 5000 works, preserves the largest Picasso collection in the world. The collection was bequeathed to the French state by the artist's heirs, and contains works from every period of his activity, as well as 200,000 documents - letters, periodicals and photographs - from Picasso's private archive.
Visitors to the show are invited to take an informal journeythrough Picasso's distinctive creative method, focusing on the series he produced, his recurring motifs, and the landmark moments of breakthrough. The central theme is the evolution of Picasso's approach to figural depiction as he progressed through a career in art that spanned more than seven decades. In every period, the most prominent role was played by the human form, whether in the shape of the woman, the sensitive and passionate human, the thinker, the artist, the socio-political player, or the élite star. The changes in the way Picasso modelled his figures reveal the very essence of his art: his incessant innovation of form can be traced through his paintings - which make up the lion's share of the exhibition - as well as his prints and drawings, his sculptures and ceramics, and his film and photography.
The exhibition is divided into seven sections. The first unit presents Picasso's Early Periods, the decade leading up to 1906. The first work in the exhibition is the realistically styled Barefoot Girl of 1895, painted when the artist was just fourteen years old. This period is characterised by lyrical paintings and moral scenes, the melancholy of his Blue Period, and portraits of poets and artists. This is followed by the completely new and revolutionary pictures of his Cubist period. Picasso's output from the years 1907-1916 is shown under the title of Cubist Deconstruction and Reconstruction, featuring studies he painted for one of his most outstanding masterpieces, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, as well as one of the most valuable loaned items at the exhibition, his Portrait of Ambroise Vollard from the Pushkin Museum, Moscow. After 1917 - as the title of the next section, Reinventing the Classical Line, implies - Picasso's painting returned to the purer lines of classical painting, beautifully modelled bodies, simpler drawings, and the world of nudes, dancers and ballet. The years between 1925 and 1936 are presented under the title of Surrealist Metamorphosis. This period witnessed the birth of European Surrealism. New themes and forms appeared at this time in Picasso's art as well, including the half-man, half-monster Minotaur. The section titled War Figures is devoted to works created between 1937 and 1945, most of which were born under the shadow of war. In the post-war years, Picasso made renewed journeys of discovery into the world of primitive art. He had spent most of his life searching for the simple, primeval form, and had previously taken a great interest in the art of the Far East, believing it to be closer to the origins of art. Works that fit into this approach have been brought together in the section entitled Return to the Origins. The last unit in the exhibition explores one of Picasso's lifelong subjects, The Artist and his Model. In these works, made between 1954 and Picasso's death, the artist quoted from works by the Old Masters, and dealt with the eternal theme of the relationship between man and woman.
The vast majority of the artworks on show - 74 in all - have come from the collection of the Musée national Picasso-Paris. These are supplemented by selected masterpieces kindly loaned by other major, global museums: The Israel Museum of Jerusalem, the Beyeler Foundation of Basel, the Kunstmuseum Bern, the Pushkin Museum of Moscow and the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart. Visitors can also see three paintings from the Ludwig Museum of Budapest, and an exquisite selection of etchings from the Collection of Prints and Drawings at the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest.
The exhibition catalogue - published in Hungarian and in English - contains essays by eminent French and Hungarian scholars, who offer a variety of perspectives on Picasso's artistic method. The catalogue covers all the works displayed, and is the first publication to print the documents in the Parisian museum archive that are connected with Hungary.
Curator of the exhibition: Emilie Bouvard (Musée national Picasso-Paris), co-curator: Ferenc Tóth (Museum of Fine Arts of Budapest)
Cooperating partner: Musée Picasso Paris |
"The study of the past with one eye, so to speak, upon the present is the source of all sins and sophistries in history."
Herbert Butterfield (1900–1979) was a British historian of science and religion who is probably best remembered for his essay The Whig Interpretation of History (1931). In it he made several important and closely related points about historical writing, which possess something like canonical authority within the Anglo-American profession.
According to Butterfield, throughout the nineteenth century most historical writing, at least in Britain, had been done by protestant, liberal, upper class, and, needless to say, white male scholars, such as Thomas B. Macaulay, George M. Trevelyan, Henry Thomas Buckle, and so on—the eponymous “Whig historians.” They tended to write history as if it were a grand symphony, conducted by providence or some other mysterious agency, which had been building up all along to the magnificent crescendo of the present. When they looked to the past, what they saw in it was people like themselves, “the friends of progress,” heroically struggling against people unlike themselves, its “enemies.” But this view misunderstood the past, for, although it had indeed produced the present, it had not done so through a straightforward process whereby “the children of light” triumphed over “the children of darkness.”
Rather, it was the whole of the past that had produced the whole of the present...
Part of a Series on Philosophy of History |
Miami homeowners have special challenges when it comes to the care and maintenance of their lawns. First, Miami is close to the sea and gets salt-filled sea breezes that most grasses dislike. Second, there’s the blasting heat of the sun in the summer. The third thing to consider with lawn maintenance in Miami is the soil, which tends to be sandy, clayey, or marly. How do homeowners keep their lawn healthy and lush despite heat, sea breezes, and difficult soil? It all comes down to the type of grass to choose for your lawn.
Grasses that thrive in the hot and humid south Florida climate are warm season grasses such as St. Augustine grass, centipede grass, zoysiagrass, and seashore paspalum. Here are some details:
St. Augustine Grass
St. Augustine grass is Florida’s most popular lawn grass. It can thrive in most kinds of soil and have moderate tolerance for salt and shade. It’s easy to establish, but can only be propagated through sprigs, plugs, or mats of sod. Frequent watering is needed for the first week or 10 days after the grass is first planted. Watering can then taper off until the grass is established. This should take about a month. After that, water the grass as needed.
This grass is slow growing and does not need to be fertilized as often as other grasses grown in Miami. Indeed, over-fertilizing weakens the plant and makes it less tolerant of cold snaps. It is an excellent choice for acidic and poor soils. During times of drought, it goes dormant and turns brown, and a homeowner needs to know if that’s acceptable before planting this grass. Centipede grass can be grown from seed, plugs, or sod.
This tough grass can be grown not only in Miami but in much of the United States. It is salt and shade tolerant, bears up well under traffic, and can thrive in different types of soil. The turf is dense enough to keep down weeds. It’s mowing height is generally less than other warm season grasses, and it does best when treated with a rotary mower. Zoysia can tolerate more types of herbicides than some other grasses. Like centipede grass, zoysia goes dormant and brown if it lacks water.
As its name suggests, seashore paspalum is highly salt tolerant. It can also tolerate heat, some shade, and some traffic. This grass needs moderate watering and fertilizer and can be a bit difficult to mow. Still, it needs to be mowed with care because it recovers slowly if it’s damaged.
These are a few of the grasses that can determine how much maintenance your Miami home will require to have a healthy and thriving lawn.
Choosing a Lawngrass, solutionsforyourlife.ufl.edu
How to Choose the Best Type of Grass for Your Lawn, bhg.com
Warm-Season Grasses for Warm-Season Climates, learn2grow.com |
Discover all the practical information before your visit and the programme of adapted visits.
How to get to the museum
In the urban spaces of the city centre there is an adapted guided itinerary (tactile paving surface and audio posts) which enables visitors to reach the museum entrance from the Corum tram stop.
Finding your way in the museum
The ticket office is situated in the reception hall, accessible from the entrance at 39 Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle.
• Reception staff will help visitors in need of information, assistance or accompaniment during their visit. The programme for temporary exhibitions and the auditorium is available from reception staff.
• The cloakrooms and toilet facilities are available on the ground floor. Guide dogs are allowed into the museum
• The permanent collections are displayed on different levels in the three main buildings which form the museum: the former Jesuit College, the Hotel de Massilian private town house and the contemporary wing.
• The temporary exhibition space has a seasonal exhibition programme and is accessible at ground level from the reception hall.
• The auditorium is a meeting place which hosts a programme of events suitable for visually impaired visitors. It is accessible from the reception hall down a gently sloping ramp.
• The workshops, documentation centre, bookshop and restaurant are accessible by adapted access points.
Enjoy different media
Using Braille signage the information points enable visually impaired visitors to identify the room's number and theme. Some galleries offer folders with texts in Braille or large print which describe the gallery's theme and list the artists. There are also details about interesting architectural features of the museum itself.
are available to rent from the reception. There are several types of visits on offer: 50 artworks for children, 150 works from the permanent trails for adults and 20 texts from famous visitors about their visit to the collections.
Guided and themed visits, and workshops.
The majority of visits are accessible to visually impaired visitors; some events which involve a musical or corporal approach are particularly recommended. Workshops which are based upon manipulation of materials, tactile models and objects yield an understanding of techniques and give a more precise reading of certain works. We recommend that visitors contact the Public Service or the museum reception for more information. The programme of adapted visits can be downloaded from the page 'Find out more'.
Prepare a group visit
For groups who wish to be accompanied in the exhibition spaces please contact the Public Service before your visit.
For more information about this subject please contact the Public Service.
- 04 67 14 83 22 |
July 25, 2014
Dr. Alan Tennant, Chief Scientist, Neutron Sciences Directorate from Oak Ridge National Laboratory gave a seminar at UVa on Wednesday. Dr.Tennant and Dr. Ian Anderson, Director, Graduate Education & University Partnerships at ORNL, traveled... from Tennessee to share the multiple opportunities for UVa faculty and students to access the neutron facilities at ORNL and collaborate on leading edge research programs. If you were not able to attend, you can still get this valuable research information by contacting Jeff Fox at email@example.com. Learn more about Oak Ridge National Laboratory at http://www.ornl.gov/. |
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The European Union foresees millions of new immigrants for the coming years. Politicians claim this is a positive development, which will benefit the economy and will counter the negative effects of aging, which supposedly threatens our pensions. It seems evident to us that with the huge (youth) unemployment and misery in the European Union, there is already more than enough workforces present. Of course the organized international capital doesn't care for social politics for their own populations, nor for the wellbeing of the immigrants from Eastern-Europe, Asia, Africa, whose social needs are presented to us and instrumentalized as a 'humanitarian' case.
The mass immigration and alienation of the European nations and cultural territories serves imperialism on different levels. On the short term the workforce from low wage countries is delivered right in front of the doors of the great capitalist concerns. This way the wages can be decreased by a saturation of the labourmarket. On the long term it secures a cultural, social and state disintegration, which breaks open the achievements of bourgeois democracy. Organized international capitalism and its globalist agenda do not recognize the territorial boundaries of international law, nor those of the right of national self-determination.
Of course this underlying political-strategical goal of imperialism needs some media participation to let the European peoples and cultures participate in their own demise. To co-operate with this imperialist agenda they are emotionally conditioned. "Look", so they say, "these people, among them pregnant women and children, drowned in the sea because you didn't help them." Who doesn't know the tear-jerking reports about refugees such as Mauro Manuel, who ultimately led to the children's pardon for asylum seekers.
Unfortunately, those who fell for this gullible disinformation did not understand that we are in the middle of an imperialist war. "No borders, no nations" has become the new marketing slogan of imperialism. Also the cosmopolitan left has made this their slogan. These agents of imperialism make no effort at all to refer in their protests and speeches to the cause of this all and offer no solutions at all.
It is now more than three years ago that NATO bombs, paid from our tax money, sentenced tens of thousands of people to death in Libya. "No borders, no nations" became the bloody imperialist reality for the people over there. "No borders, no nations" is the slogan that goes hand in hand with war, mass murder, terror, torture, hunger and social misery worldwide. From Afghanistan to Iraq, from Libya, Syria, to Ukraine, with Iran in its gun sight. "No borders, no nations" has become synonymous for the war of imperialism against international law and the national right on self-determination.
Vagabonds from Africa camped and protested in The Hague, in Amsterdam and beyond. These refugees, who according to themselves came from the Italian isle of Lampedusa and don't speak a word of Dutch, parade behind professionally made banners in perfectly written Dutch. Who brought them to the Netherlands? Who organizes them, who formulates their demands, who pays for their expensive PR material and launches their media-campaigns? Many thousands of dollars these vagabonds had to pay per person to human traffickers to get to the European Union. Who pays all these sums of money?
The answers to these questions come from the officials of imperialism themselves. Since the European Union was founded, EU-politicians advocate a more flexible asylum policy and immigration. Now the multicultural rhetoric’s seem to be outdated, the "open society" has become the new credo. As if Europe was not open enough already. In the port-town of Rotterdam the native population is already largely a minority. In neighboring Germany according to the statistics already about twenty million immigrants live in a population of about 80 million people (so they represent almost a quarter of the entire German population).
Everyone who dares to defend the right on self-determination for peoples is labeled 'racist'. But where are these antiracists when it is about international law and national self-determination? They play a filthy game and not in the least they do this behind the backs of their foreign extras.
As national-revolutionaries our international solidarity goes out to the struggling working class and their peoples. The imperialist sham is not our cause! |
OTTAWA — The military’s dream of buying a fleet of F-35s appears to be in growing danger of bumping against a hard spending cap imposed by the Conservative government.
A new Defence Department report shows the anticipated cost per plane has increased since December, which combined with other factors has left very little room for error if Canada is to buy 65 of the stealth fighters for $9-billion.
That number is politically important because the government has stated it will not pay more than $9-billion to buy a replacement for Canada’s aging fleet of CF-18s.
(The full cost of the F-35s has been pegged at $45 billion, but only $9 billion of that is for actually buying the planes. The remaining $36-billion is for development, maintenance, operating costs and disposal when the aircraft reach the end of their usefulness, expected around 2052.)
Defence officials blame the most recent price hike on higher than expected production costs, foreign currency fluctuations and, in particular, changes some allies have made to their own F-35 purchase plans.
Because some allies have scaled back or delayed their plans to purchase the stealth fighter, Canada will be forced to buy them when they are in a more expensive period of production, the report indicates.
To compensate, defence officials have opted to shrink the contingency fund that has been set aside to offset any surprises when it comes time for Canada to purchase the stealth fighters.
The department had already faced criticism from accounting firm KPMG late last year when it found the government had set aside only $602-million as a contingency.
KPMG noted the contingency was far below National Defence’s own estimate of the need for $1.5-billion.
Now with the latest cost increase, the contingency has shrunk further to $382-million.
National Defence acknowledges in its report that it reduced the contingency “to remain within the $9B ceiling” established by the government.
They go on to say that should a larger contingency fund be required, “the shortfall could be met by buying fewer aircraft” — even though senior military leaders have said the air force needs a minimum of 65 F-35s to meet its needs.
Former military procurement chief Alan Williams says even though it appears National Defence is in danger of breaking the $9-billion ceiling with the F-35, “you can make it fit just by playing so many games.”
National Defence has previously been accused of juggling numbers to stay within the $9-billion target.
Defence officials have refused to include more than $1-billion in anticipated costs to replace any F-35s that are lost through attrition even though internal reports show the military expects to have lost several of the stealth fighters before the last one is even delivered.
National Defence also initially planned to spend $420-million of the $9-billion budgeted for purchasing the F-35s on Canadian-specific modifications, such as making the country’s refuelling aircraft compatible with the stealth fighters.
But it has since said it will contract out air-to-air refuelling instead, meaning the $420-million doesn’t need to be included in the price of purchasing F-35s, thus keeping the program within the $9 billion budget as the fighter’s price tag continued climbing.
Similarly, National Defence has slashed the amount of ammunition it plans to purchase if it goes with the F-35, from $270-million to $59-million. Planned spending on upgrades to infrastructure such as hangars has also been cut from $400-million to $244-million.
Williams says the true issue is the overall cost of buying, maintaining and operating the stealth fighters over their life span.
The National Defence report indicates maintenance and operating costs have actually dropped significantly, though it acknowledged the most recent numbers have not been verified.
As a result, it kept the estimated overall cost of the F-35 program relatively unchanged at just over $45-billion.
The Conservative government ordered bureaucrats to go back to potential competitors and ask them to fill in several questionnaires about their own fighter aircraft following an auditor general’s report and revelations the stealth aircraft would cost taxpayers more than $45-billion last year.
There are five possible contenders, including the Dassault Rafale, the Eurofighter Typhoon, the Saab Gripen, the Boeing Super Hornet and Lockheed Martin’s F-35, though Saab has decided not to participate in the re-assessment.
The remaining companies were expected to hand in the final questionnaire around midsummer, with officials putting all the options — including the pros and cons of continuing to operate the Royal Canadian Air Force’s aging CF-18 fighters — to cabinet in the fall.
Cabinet will then decide what course of action to take, including whether to go ahead with the F-35 purchase, hold an open competition or take some other action.
Canada has so far paid $322-million to remain a part of the F-35 program. A Canadian decision not to go with the stealth fighter will have ramifications for other partners by potentially driving up the price or otherwise complicating their planned purchases. |
Anderson, Charles H.(born: 1924 - died: 2001)
Anderson was born in Crab Orchard, KY. In 1969 he became the first African American to win a magistrate election in Jefferson County, KY, and, in 1975, he became the first circuit judge in Jefferson County, 3rd Chancery Division. Anderson was also the first African American candidate for election to the Kentucky Supreme Court, in 1982. For more see "Magistrates, constables are only black county officials," in the Kentucky Directory of Black Elected Officials , p. 9; and "Eleven blacks hold county level posts," in the Kentucky Directory of Black Elected Officials, Fifth Report , pp. 11-12, both by the Commission on Human Rights; and Profiles of Contemporary Black Achievers of Kentucky, by J. B. Horton. Death date researched by Nathan Moore. |
Here is a walk through some of what was on display. The exhibit was located in a room of a ca. 1810 log house that has been incorporated into Locust Grove's modern museum gallery.
Representation of Croghan's early life. In the foreground are images of the miniatures of his parents, William and Lucy Croghan, the original owners of Locust Grove. The actual miniatures are in Locust Grove's collection but were too fragile to be displayed. The ca. late 18th Century hunting sword (collection of the Frazier History Museum), ca. early 19th Century hunting bag and bullet mold (my collection), and ca. early 19th Century powder horn (collection of Nathanael Logsdon/Historic Tunnel Mill) represent Croghan's enthusiasm for hunting in his early life. The books belonged to George Croghan and his brothers, John Croghan and William Croghan, Jr; they were all successful students.
George Croghan was the only one of his brothers to follow in the footsteps of his father and uncles by joining the military. He was first with Kentucky Volunteer Dragoons during William Henry Harrison's campaign in the Indiana Territory in 1811. The campaign culminated in the Battle of Tippecanoe where Croghan served as aid to Colonel Boyd. When the War of 1812 came the following year, he was made a captain in the regular United States Army (17th Infantry Regiment) and promoted to the rank of major following his contribution to the defense of Fort Meigs and urging of his superiors by his father. The uniform in this exhibit (collection of Historic Locust Grove) belonged to George Rogers Clark Floyd who was also at Tippecanoe (it does not reflect the style worn by Croghan- the dragoons had been directed to wear plain blue single breasted coats by Major Daviess). The sword was likely carried by a militia officer or NCO around the time of or during the War of 1812 (collection of Nathanael Logsdon/Historic Tunnel Mill; consultation on origin by Ric Cusick). The pipe tomahawk head (collection of Frazier History Museum) is also from about the same time as the war and represents the Native American forces that engaged Harrison's army at Tippecanoe under Tecumseh's brother, "the Prophet."
The high point of Croghan's life was his defense of Fort Stephenson in August, 1813. When the intent of attack upon the fort by British General Proctor's combined force of British regulars and Native allies became known to William Henry Harrison (still Croghan's superior), he sent orders from his his base at Seneca Town (10 miles from Ft. Stephenson) to Croghan that he was to abandon the fort, burn it down, and join him at Seneca Town. The courier carrying the orders got lost in the woods and, by the time he arrived, the presence of Proctor's Native allies near by was already apparent. Croghan responded to Harrison's orders stating that a safe retreat had become impossible and that he intended to remain at Ft. Stephenson and attempt a defense. This insubordination caused Harrison to have Croghan arrested and brought to him at Seneca Town. Croghan successfully argued that a defense was the only option and was returned to his command. With 150 men and a single 6-pound cannon known as "Old Betsy," Croghan forced Proctor's force to retreat. They had 500 British regulars, 700-800 Natives, howitzers on the river and multiple 6-pounders on land. The details of the battle are fascinating but perhaps too long of a story to go into here. Afterwards, Croghan was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and moved to the 2nd Regiment of Rifles.
The book in this display is an 1815 copy of The Portfolio (collection of Lou Scholtz) detailing Croghan's defense of Fort Stephenson, a basic account of his life, and an engraved image of him. The sword with the hilt in the fore ground (collection of the Frazier History Museum) is an American officer's sword from the War of 1812 period. The sword laying across it is a 1795 pattern British officer's sword (collection of the Frazier History Museum). The rifle and shako (hat) (collection of Michael Cooper) are reproductions reflecting equipment used by the U.S. rifle regiments late in the war, during the time Croghan was serving with them. The reproduction pattern 1808 cartridge box (collection of Nathanael Logsdon/Historic Tunnel Mill) is the same type likely carried by troops of the 17th US Infantry during the Battle of Fort Stephenson.
The Portfolio, 1815, collection of Lou Scholtz
Croghan's life following the war was a catastrophe. He married Serena Livingston of New York, the Livingstons being one of the richest most powerful families in the country. George and Serena had several children over the course of their marriage; three survived to adulthood. He bought a plantation near New Orleans and moved his family there. Serena did not favor the location or the climate and George eventually sold it to a Mr. Bell of New York. Mr. Bell found, though, that the horses on the plantation were emaciated and the sugar works had never been completed because Croghan had never paid the workers building it. By Louisiana state law at the time, this created a lien on the property; it really was not Croghan's to sell. He and Serena escaped New Orleans by cover of night back to Kentucky. George would spend most of the rest of his life trying to pay off the consequences. Partially due to the influence of his friend, Andrew Jackson, Croghan returned to New Orleans in 1825 as Post Master. Not long after he received the rank of full Colonel and Inspector General with the U.S. Army and resigned from the post office. An audit revealed that he had been embezzling funds, partially to pay off debt from the plantation and partially to fuel a toxic drinking and gambling habit that was just now becoming apparent. Indications are that he attempted suicide by cutting his wrists. Serena was able to get him to Pennsylvania where she did her best to keep the situation quiet. He was able to keep his new position with the army but, from 1826-1841, his behavior grew steadily worse. Family and army correspondence reflect continuous drunken spectacles and extreme irresponsibility with money followed by pledges to improve and periods of behaving well around family, only to return to the same patterns when back on the road.
Bottle, decanter and glasses collection of Historic Locust Grove. Early 19th Century bank notes recreated by Albert Roberts. The sword (collection of Historic Locust Grove) is the only one known to still exist that belonged to George Croghan. It dates to 1821 or later so was with him either during his Inspector General or Mexican War service. Donated by his descendants. The medal in the back (collection of Historic Locust Grove) was awarded to Croghan by Congress in 1835 for his 1813 defense of Fort Stephenson. It was the result of his long standing struggle with William Henry Harrison over what Croghan considered slanderous remarks and insufficient recognition for the defense. It was the only time Congress awarded such and honor so long after the fact. The two miniatures in the front are John Croghan and George Croghan (both collection of Historic Locust Grove). No matter how bad things got, John never failed to do whatever he could to support George. The Bible in the rear was a gift to Serena from George on New Years Day, 1838. Possibly one of many attempts to prove that he was going to clean himself up.
In 1841, Croghan moved back to Locust Grove, now owned and occupied by his brother Dr.John Croghan, the perpetual bachelor. He cleaned up his act, assisted John with his other property, Mammoth Cave, and joined the local temperance society. The Bible in the foreground (collection of Historic Locust Grove) belonged to him. Still plagued by debt, Serena legally separated himself from him, in part to protect the property and inheritance of her and her children. She was aided in this by their only surviving son, St. George Croghan. Ultimately, he served in the Mexican War as a Colonel with his friend and long time Locust Grove neighbor, Zachary Taylor. The Colt Dragoon revolver (1980s reproduction by the Colt company, collection of the Frazier History Museum) represents how far technology had come since his last battle. In war, he seemed to find himself again, but contracted cholera and died in New Orleans in 1849, three days before John died at Locust Grove. The ribbon and ceramic pitcher both bear his image and are commemorative pieces from Fremont Ohio, the site of Fort Stephenson, where he has always been honored as a hero.
Oldest daughter Mary Angelica (painting at left, collection of Historic Locust Grove) and youngest daughter Serena "Tiny" (photograph at right, collection of Historic Locust Grove) both married and moved to San Francisco, California along with their mother (George's widow) Serena. Many of their descendants are still there and have been a tremendous help to Locust Grove since it has been transformed from a farm into a museum. St. George inherited Locust Grove following his uncle's and father's deaths. He served in the Confederate Army as a Colonel and was shot and killed in West Virginia in 1861.
Mary Angelica Croghan Wyatt, Collection of Historic Locust Grove
Lt. Col. George Croghan, ca. 1816, by John Wesley Jarvis. Collection of Historic Locust Grove
Serena Livingston Croghan, ca. 1816, Collection of Historic Locust Grove |
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Thanksgiving is given when one recognizes that they are a debtor to someone else. They recognize that they have been a beneficiary of someone else's mercy or grace. They recognize that they have received something that they did not earn or deserve. Therefore, true thanksgiving must be directed towards an individual or individuals. To give thanks without directing it to the person or persons who provided the blessings is truly an immoral thing to do. It purposefully slights the one or ones that should be honored. This is why God should be the primary recipient of our thanks for without His mercy and grace we would not have life and all the blessings that come with it. This Thanksgiving let's honor the One that is due it. Let's give Him our praise and our thanks! |
Tablets and their effect on children essay
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Answer to i need a revise my essay the influence of internet the influence of internet may affect children and they may do not know what their kids. Over-use of ipads, iphones and smart screens hurting kids tablet apps pose risk to children: children can become literally addicted to their screens. How media use affects your child tablets, and smartphones well streaming their favorite programs, or buying or renting dvds. |
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