Datasets:

jha-lab
/

med-si-dataset

Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    CastError
Message:      Couldn't cast
hop: int64
type: string
path: list<item: list<item: string>>
  child 0, item: list<item: string>
      child 0, item: string
start_cui: string
bridge_cui: string
end_cui: string
job1_id: string
job2_id: string
prompt: string
job_id: string
completion: string
llm_model: string
primary_bucket: string
buckets: list<item: string>
  child 0, item: string
temperature: double
to
{'hop': Value('int64'), 'path': List(List(Value('string'))), 'buckets': List(Value('string')), 'primary_bucket': Value('string'), 'start_cui': Value('string'), 'end_cui': Value('string'), 'prompt': Value('string'), 'job_id': Value('string'), 'completion': Value('string'), 'llm_model': Value('string'), 'temperature': Value('float64')}
because column names don't match
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1779, in _prepare_split_single
                  for key, table in generator:
                                    ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 299, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 128, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2321, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2249, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              hop: int64
              type: string
              path: list<item: list<item: string>>
                child 0, item: list<item: string>
                    child 0, item: string
              start_cui: string
              bridge_cui: string
              end_cui: string
              job1_id: string
              job2_id: string
              prompt: string
              job_id: string
              completion: string
              llm_model: string
              primary_bucket: string
              buckets: list<item: string>
                child 0, item: string
              temperature: double
              to
              {'hop': Value('int64'), 'path': List(List(Value('string'))), 'buckets': List(Value('string')), 'primary_bucket': Value('string'), 'start_cui': Value('string'), 'end_cui': Value('string'), 'prompt': Value('string'), 'job_id': Value('string'), 'completion': Value('string'), 'llm_model': Value('string'), 'temperature': Value('float64')}
              because column names don't match
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1347, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
                                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 980, in convert_to_parquet
                  builder.download_and_prepare(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 882, in download_and_prepare
                  self._download_and_prepare(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 943, in _download_and_prepare
                  self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1646, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1832, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.

hop int64	path list	buckets list	primary_bucket string	start_cui string	end_cui string	prompt string	job_id string	completion string	llm_model string	temperature float64
1	[ [ "C0787090", "ingredients_of", "C0717827" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0787090	C0717827	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between 24 HR hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 MG / metoprolol succinate 100 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet and hydrochlorothiazide / metoprolol. The relationship is: 24 HR hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 MG / metoprolol succinate 100 MG ...	b1bcff298bf4da200a9868381e265e39edf2923d	<Question> A 68-year-old male with essential hypertension has been well-controlled for 3 years on a 24 HR hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 MG / metoprolol succinate 100 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet once daily. He presents for a routine follow-up. He reports recent onset of mild exertional dyspnea and wheezing, particularly ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0231780", "finding_site_of", "C0018870" ] ]	[ "anatomy_location" ]	anatomy_location	C0231780	C0018870	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Heel pain and Heel. The relationship is: Heel pain --[finding_site_of \| anatomy_location]--> Heel The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoning along the relationship...	3ab56faa15edae495a2a7b7e58469f0ba53274c2	<Question> A 45-year-old overweight male presents with a 3-month history of sharp, stabbing pain localized to the bottom of his foot, most severe with his first steps in the morning and after periods of rest. The pain improves slightly with activity but worsens again towards the end of the day. On examination, there is...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0377355", "inverse_isa", "C0033684" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0377355	C0033684	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase and Proteins. The relationship is: phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase --[inverse_isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Proteins The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 o...	7c29868597be1622dce69e603449b15c3f6074b0	<Question> A 68-year-old male presents with recurrent urinary tract infections caused by a multi-drug resistant bacterial strain. Genetic sequencing of the bacterial pathogen reveals a novel gene encoding phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase, an enzyme essential for its tryptophan biosynthesis pathway. A new investigat...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0270626", "finding_site_of", "C0006104" ] ]	[ "anatomy_location" ]	anatomy_location	C0270626	C0006104	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Acute ascending myelitis and Brain. The relationship is: Acute ascending myelitis --[finding_site_of \| anatomy_location]--> Brain The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical ...	d71468b6dc49693e10910c15e4d78edd48664671	<Question> A 42-year-old male presents with rapidly progressive ascending weakness and sensory loss, starting in his feet and progressing to his trunk over 72 hours. He reports urinary urgency followed by retention. Neurological examination reveals flaccid paralysis and absent reflexes in both lower extremities, with a...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0772043", "has_contraindicated_drug", "C0023895" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0772043	C0023895	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between nicotinic acid propyl ester and Liver diseases. The relationship is: nicotinic acid propyl ester --[has_contraindicated_drug \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> Liver diseases The question should: 1. Be in multiple...	582832924c6882c69ef141d744c4637f22f782b1	<Question> Mr. A, a 58-year-old male, presents for follow-up. He has a history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with persistently elevated liver enzymes (ALT 120 U/L, AST 95 U/L, normal range for ALT <40, AST <35 U/L) and mild hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin 2.1 mg/dL, normal range <1.2 mg/dL). He repor...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1850040", "associated_morphology_of", "C0332447" ] ]	[ "pathology_morphology" ]	pathology_morphology	C1850040	C0332447	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Pelviscapular dysplasia and Morphologically abnormal structure (morphologic abnormality). The relationship is: Pelviscapular dysplasia --[associated_morphology_of \| pathology_morphology]--> Morphologically abnormal s...	9e895fe749eabf97b7aa5421f0eeccda5b194a06	<Question> A 7-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her parents due to a noticeable asymmetry of her shoulders and a limited range of motion in her left arm when attempting to abduct it above her head. Physical examination reveals a high-riding and internally rotated left scapula, a short webbed neck, and mild tho...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0975245", "inactive_ingredient_of", "C0126791" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0975245	C0126791	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between 12 HR carbamazepine 200 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Tegretol] and magnesium stearate. The relationship is: 12 HR carbamazepine 200 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Tegretol] --[inactive_ingredient_of \| drugs_pha...	19f1b9729103cbdc6c4b4820091a2582e2f522c0	<Question> A 45-year-old male with a history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures has been well-controlled on carbamazepine 200 mg extended-release tablets twice daily for several years. He presents to the clinic complaining of a persistent, pruritic, erythematous maculopapular rash that started approximately two weeks...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0032461", "classified_as", "C1868945" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0032461	C1868945	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Polycythemia and Polyglobulia. The relationship is: Polycythemia --[classified_as \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Polyglobulia The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoning ...	8ce952554c70e6e491d13b3995ec13ae7d37d0ec	<Question> A 62-year-old male presents with generalized pruritus, fatigue, and a feeling of fullness in his left upper quadrant. Physical examination reveals splenomegaly. His complete blood count shows hemoglobin 19.5 g/dL, hematocrit 58%, WBC count 15,000/uL, and platelet count 550,000/uL. Further workup confirms a J...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0225897", "isa", "C0580781" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0225897	C0580781	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Left ventricular structure and Structure of apex of left ventricle. The relationship is: Left ventricular structure --[isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Structure of apex of left ventricle The question should: 1. Be in m...	4526c283995f489a2b6dbdda8d26c3e12e7d448a	<Question> A 68-year-old male presents with progressive exertional dyspnea and fatigue. His medical history includes a "silent" myocardial infarction several years ago. Echocardiography reveals a distinct, thinned, and akinetic segment at the left ventricular apex, characteristic of a chronic apical aneurysm. The remai...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0669024", "has_inactive_ingredient", "C0789817" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0669024	C0789817	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between oleth-3-phosphate and sodium fluoride 27.2 MG/ML Oral Foam. The relationship is: oleth-3-phosphate --[has_inactive_ingredient \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> sodium fluoride 27.2 MG/ML Oral Foam The question sh...	091f0c1177d4049be26809ce1dcf428e17c8ae08	<Question> A 68-year-old patient with a history of radiation-induced xerostomia and high caries risk is prescribed a daily topical fluoride application. The patient reports that the oral foam product they recently received from the pharmacy feels "thin and watery," does not spread evenly across their teeth, and quickly...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0024868", "inverse_isa", "C0037813" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0024868	C0037813	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry. The relationship is: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry --[inverse_isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Mass Spectrometry The question should: 1. Be in multiple ...	79a30d1ba7593436a9cb5d5f3c714f827779c3b4	<Question> A 42-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit with profound metabolic acidosis (pH 7.08, HCO3 8 mEq/L), an elevated anion gap (25 mEq/L), and an osmolal gap of 40 mOsm/kg. He is unresponsive and his friends report he was "experimenting" with various chemicals. Routine serum toxicology screens (im...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0085594", "classifies", "C0015967" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0085594	C0015967	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Fever with chills and Fever. The relationship is: Fever with chills --[classifies \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Fever The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoning along t...	6f6775a4c3927ff0363fa11ba763dc3fa90d8cf6	<Question> A 68-year-old male presents to the emergency department complaining of a sudden onset of intense, uncontrollable shivering and a profound sense of coldness, despite being wrapped in blankets. His initial vital signs include a core body temperature of 39.8°C (103.6°F), heart rate 110 bpm, respiratory rate 22 ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0419707", "direct_substance_of", "C0305065" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0419707	C0305065	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Administration of vaccine product containing only Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen (procedure) and Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. The relationship is: Administration of vaccine product containing only Streptococcus...	e0e54f83e2422e65dc66fd94098886bab2515715	<Question> An 82-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes mellitus presents for his annual check-up. He has never received a pneumococcal vaccine. His physician recommends administering a vaccine product specifically designed to elicit an immune response against *Strepto...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0476218", "finding_context_of", "C1444639" ] ]	[ "clinical_qualifiers_context" ]	clinical_qualifiers_context	C0476218	C1444639	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between [D]Athetosis, acquired, NOS and Known present. The relationship is: [D]Athetosis, acquired, NOS --[finding_context_of \| clinical_qualifiers_context]--> Known present The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice for...	c188adfed37657c03761a29f9bf8f8a9a01faffb	<Question> A 68-year-old male, with a history of hypertension and recent ischemic stroke affecting the basal ganglia, presents for follow-up. During the neurological examination, you observe continuous, slow, writhing, involuntary movements predominantly affecting his right hand and forearm. These movements are non-rhy...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0393571", "classified_as", "C5554235" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0393571	C5554235	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Multiple System Atrophy and Multiple system atrophy, parkinsonian type. The relationship is: Multiple System Atrophy --[classified_as \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Multiple system atrophy, parkinsonian type The question ...	f93a9d10077f0686c18cc8b1e55a4e3b63a5726f	<Question> A 62-year-old man presents with a 2-year history of progressive gait instability, frequent falls, and significant orthostatic dizziness requiring assistance to stand. His wife notes he has become very slow in his movements, with a masked facial expression and a soft, monotonous voice. On examination, he exhi...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0009062", "isa", "C0275612" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0009062	C0275612	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Clostridium Infections and Avian gangrenous dermatitis due to Clostridium. The relationship is: Clostridium Infections --[isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Avian gangrenous dermatitis due to Clostridium The question shou...	74f50d536d126b2ab8259f33e345356ab82c1e7c	<Question> A large commercial broiler chicken farm reports an acute onset of severe dermatological lesions affecting a significant portion of its flock. Affected birds rapidly develop dark, discolored, necrotic patches of skin, often accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema (gas crepitation) and a foul odor. The disease p...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0263871", "associated_morphology_of", "C0011164" ] ]	[ "pathology_morphology" ]	pathology_morphology	C0263871	C0011164	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Degeneration of seventh cervical intervertebral disc and Abnormal degeneration. The relationship is: Degeneration of seventh cervical intervertebral disc --[associated_morphology_of \| pathology_morphology]--> Abnorma...	798590996eef85339953d5aea782cc7d120ad632	<Question> A 58-year-old male, a retired construction worker, presents with a 6-month history of progressive right-sided neck pain radiating down his arm to his middle finger, accompanied by paresthesia and subjective weakness. On examination, he exhibits mild weakness in right elbow extension (triceps muscle) and a di...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0439786", "inverse_isa", "C0332285" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0439786	C0332285	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Inward and Within. The relationship is: Inward --[inverse_isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Within The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoning along the relationship 3. ...	d4be650192cb3c823d87e8e98fcf87a6bb8de40a	<Question> A 45-year-old female presents with a 2-year history of pervasive fatigue, non-restorative sleep, and widespread body pain. She describes her condition as a constant "internal struggle," a feeling that her "body is working against itself from the inside out." Routine laboratory tests, including complete blood...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C4551636", "associated_morphology_of", "C0021368" ] ]	[ "pathology_morphology" ]	pathology_morphology	C4551636	C0021368	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis and Inflammation. The relationship is: Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis --[associated_morphology_of \| pathology_morphology]--> Inflammation The question should: 1. Be i...	c4ce0caea8ed01bdd071aefd2882282842401da9	<Question> A 35-year-old female presents with a 7-year history of recurrent episodes of bilateral ocular irritation, foreign body sensation, photophobia, and tearing. Each episode lasts for several weeks and then resolves, only to recur months later, often triggered by stress or environmental changes. Slit lamp examina...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C5240004", "has_associated_morphology", "C0009768" ] ]	[ "pathology_morphology" ]	pathology_morphology	C5240004	C0009768	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Mucopurulent discharge (morphologic abnormality) and Bacterial conjunctivitis. The relationship is: Mucopurulent discharge (morphologic abnormality) --[has_associated_morphology \| pathology_morphology]--> Bacterial c...	7548b0f0227f975c864c23d43fcc9fd268b0fe4f	<Question> A 28-year-old male presents to the clinic with a 2-day history of bilateral eye redness, irritation, and a sticky discharge. He reports difficulty opening his eyes in the morning due to crusting along the lid margins. On examination, both conjunctivae are hyperemic, and a thick, yellowish-green discharge is ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C4281888", "active_moiety_of", "C0041041" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C4281888	C0041041	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between 5 ML sulfamethoxazole 80 MG/ML / trimethoprim 16 MG/ML Injection and trimethoprim. The relationship is: 5 ML sulfamethoxazole 80 MG/ML / trimethoprim 16 MG/ML Injection --[active_moiety_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formul...	13b80712ceac85a1c4b2a73549112020b78e99d9	<Question> A 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, currently managed with lisinopril and metformin, presents to the emergency department with fever, dyspnea, and a productive cough. Chest X-ray reveals bilateral interstitial infiltrates, and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is hig...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0855739", "has_physiologic_effect", "C0073999" ] ]	[ "targets_effects_outcomes" ]	targets_effects_outcomes	C0855739	C0073999	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Decreased Platelet Aggregation [PE] and phenyl salicylate. The relationship is: Decreased Platelet Aggregation [PE] --[has_physiologic_effect \| targets_effects_outcomes]--> phenyl salicylate The question should: 1. ...	adfdf15bbe15260b561d07444b53550fb810f348	<Question> A 72-year-old male is admitted to the emergency department for an urgent appendectomy. During his pre-operative history, he reports daily use of an over-the-counter medication containing phenyl salicylate for chronic abdominal discomfort over the past 3 weeks. He denies any prior bleeding disorders, recent t...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0010150", "has_causative_agent", "C0343483" ] ]	[ "disease_causes_risk" ]	disease_causes_risk	C0010150	C0343483	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Tracheobronchial diphtheria. The relationship is: Corynebacterium diphtheriae --[has_causative_agent \| disease_causes_risk]--> Tracheobronchial diphtheria The question should: 1. Be i...	4ce6eaa59c98f1e646f279a53b668bee4fb3ad4f	<Question> A 5-year-old unvaccinated child presents to the emergency department with a 3-day history of sore throat, low-grade fever, and malaise. Over the last 12 hours, the child developed progressive hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, and increasing difficulty breathing. On examination, a tenacious, grayish pseudomemb...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0976995", "ingredient_of", "C0939232" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0976995	C0939232	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between fluticasone propionate 0.25 MG/ACTUAT / salmeterol 0.05 MG/ACTUAT Dry Powder Inhaler and fluticasone / salmeterol. The relationship is: fluticasone propionate 0.25 MG/ACTUAT / salmeterol 0.05 MG/ACTUAT Dry Powder Inh...	6989571c0ae27739d2d10cd5d038eda017da88dc	<Question> A 58-year-old patient with a 15-year history of well-controlled asthma presents for a routine follow-up. He reports occasional mild shortness of breath despite using his prescribed fluticasone propionate 0.25 MG/ACTUAT / salmeterol 0.05 MG/ACTUAT Dry Powder Inhaler twice daily. He asks his physician about th...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0555188", "method_of", "C1261322" ] ]	[ "treatments_procedures_methods" ]	treatments_procedures_methods	C0555188	C1261322	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Special urinary procedures and Evaluation procedure. The relationship is: Special urinary procedures --[method_of \| treatments_procedures_methods]--> Evaluation procedure The question should: 1. Be in multiple choic...	beba2b69d4482772b7c5b30c0d654bf080d86dc3	<Question> A 68-year-old male presents with a 6-month history of increasing urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia (4-5 times/night), and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. He denies dysuria, hematuria, or fever. His medical history includes hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), for which he takes...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0002893", "is_associated_anatomic_site_of", "C0005953" ] ]	[ "anatomy_location" ]	anatomy_location	C0002893	C0005953	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Refractory anemias and Bone Marrow. The relationship is: Refractory anemias --[is_associated_anatomic_site_of \| anatomy_location]--> Bone Marrow The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Re...	b5cc1696a94ef461afc25d2e920710c7d8ce6e14	<Question> A 72-year-old male presents with progressive fatigue and dyspnea on exertion. His hemoglobin is 8.5 g/dL, MCV 108 fL, and WBC 3.2 x 10^9/L with neutrophil predominance. Platelets are 95 x 10^9/L. Serum ferritin is elevated, and vitamin B12 and folate levels are normal. He has received multiple transfusions a...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0010552", "inverse_isa", "C0036557" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0010552	C0036557	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between cyclobarbital and Sedatives. The relationship is: cyclobarbital --[inverse_isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Sedatives The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoning along ...	f8f5c12ef80310e328be2fc2569692b30efe844c	<Question> A 35-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by paramedics after being found unresponsive by his roommate. The roommate reports finding an empty bottle of "sleep medication" prescribed to the patient, labeled "cyclobarbital." On examination, the patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 6 (E1V1M...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0853697", "has_definitional_manifestation", "C0270242" ] ]	[ "disease_findings_course" ]	disease_findings_course	C0853697	C0270242	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Neutrophil count decreased and Isoimmune neutropenia. The relationship is: Neutrophil count decreased --[has_definitional_manifestation \| disease_findings_course]--> Isoimmune neutropenia The question should: 1. Be ...	f63fef3233f7db0cd0652027ee64425a4425ce0c	<Question> A 3-week-old infant presents with a history of poor feeding and a recent episode of omphalitis. Physical examination reveals mild lethargy. Initial complete blood count (CBC) shows a hemoglobin of 14.2 g/dL, platelet count of 280,000/µL, and a white blood cell count of 3,500/µL with 10% neutrophils, 80% lymp...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1444938", "active_ingredient_of", "C0016277" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C1444938	C0016277	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Clotrimazole- and fluconazole-containing product and fluconazole. The relationship is: Clotrimazole- and fluconazole-containing product --[active_ingredient_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> fluconazole The qu...	9c1fbbe32aed60ca14cb9bfd40ad6b3850513f77	<Question> A 72-year-old male with a history of type 2 diabetes and stable angina presents with recurrent oral thrush. He has been using an over-the-counter antifungal lozenge, which he believes contains clotrimazole, for symptomatic relief. However, the thrush persists and is now extending to his esophagus, causing dy...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C5441863", "has_procedure_site", "C0188996" ] ]	[ "treatments_procedures_methods" ]	treatments_procedures_methods	C5441863	C0188996	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Turbinates and Partial submucous resection of turbinate. The relationship is: Turbinates --[has_procedure_site \| treatments_procedures_methods]--> Partial submucous resection of turbinate The question should: 1. Be ...	156302aeaa772e8ec10289be914a02e7ab24d39b	<Question> A 48-year-old male presents with a two-year history of chronic bilateral nasal obstruction, predominantly at night, leading to significant mouth breathing and snoring. He reports minimal improvement despite a 6-month trial of intranasal corticosteroids and oral antihistamines. Anterior rhinoscopy reveals mar...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1319725", "basis_of_strength_substance_of", "C0028978" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C1319725	C0028978	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between omeprazole 40 MG Delayed Release Oral Tablet and omeprazole. The relationship is: omeprazole 40 MG Delayed Release Oral Tablet --[basis_of_strength_substance_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> omeprazole The qu...	a2378725799f8583ecc853ad2bb6838fd677ec5f	<Question> A 68-year-old male with a history of severe erosive esophagitis, managed with omeprazole 40 MG Delayed Release Oral Tablet daily, presents with increasing dysphagia due to a recent stroke. His caregiver asks the nurse if the omeprazole tablet can be crushed and mixed with applesauce to facilitate administrat...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0016677", "associated_with", "C0041351" ] ]	[ "similarity_association" ]	similarity_association	C0016677	C0041351	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Francisella tularensis and Tularemia. The relationship is: Francisella tularensis --[associated_with \| similarity_association]--> Tularemia The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require...	ad04fbf4848d30cd4cfd811b7e4da2e357bf7add	<Question> A 45-year-old male presents to the emergency department in rural Missouri with a 5-day history of fever, chills, headache, and myalgias. He reports developing a painful, non-healing ulcer on his left forearm approximately one week ago, following a hunting trip where he skinned several wild rabbits. Examinati...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0677908", "inverse_isa", "C0087111" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0677908	C0087111	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Maintenance therapy and Therapeutic procedure. The relationship is: Maintenance therapy --[inverse_isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Therapeutic procedure The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) ...	baab338485d3c992055b9a0731b026f36b15478a	<Question> A 58-year-old male with a history of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme achieved complete radiographic remission following surgical resection, radiation therapy, and concurrent temozolomide. To prolong progression-free survival, he is now prescribed indefinite adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy at a lower dos...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0351865", "concentration_strength_numerator_unit_of", "C0439211" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0351865	C0439211	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between sulfacetamide sodium 0.06 MG/MG Ophthalmic Ointment and microgram. The relationship is: sulfacetamide sodium 0.06 MG/MG Ophthalmic Ointment --[concentration_strength_numerator_unit_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation...	313b486fc529ec6d1ca297129461756a418e1ba5	<Question> A 58-year-old patient presents to the urgent care clinic with symptoms suggestive of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. The attending physician considers prescribing sulfacetamide sodium 0.06 MG/MG ophthalmic ointment. A third-year medical student, preparing for their ophthalmology rotation, is reviewing the me...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1178870", "inverse_isa", "C0006497" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C1178870	C0006497	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Structure of right buttock and Buttocks. The relationship is: Structure of right buttock --[inverse_isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Buttocks The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require c...	ad461aaf4f67b4791f7a811d079d5b40e0711a25	<Question> A 32-year-old male presents with a 3-week history of deep, aching pain in his right posterior hip and gluteal region, radiating down the posterior aspect of his thigh to the knee. The pain is worse with prolonged sitting, standing from a seated position, and internal rotation of the hip. He denies any trauma...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C4756369", "isa", "C1276889" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C4756369	C1276889	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Felodipine and ramipril only product in oral dose form and felodipine 5 MG / ramipril 5 MG Oral Tablet. The relationship is: Felodipine and ramipril only product in oral dose form --[isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> felo...	2d9cf3462bd0b8fa4dfec1ee305fa22c3bde2503	<Question> A 62-year-old male with a history of essential hypertension, previously managed with monotherapy, presents with persistently elevated blood pressure readings (average 155/92 mmHg). His physician decides to initiate a combination therapy and prescribes a medication containing felodipine 5 MG and ramipril 5 MG...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1515370", "has_gdc_value", "C1254351" ] ]	[ "clinical_qualifiers_context" ]	clinical_qualifiers_context	C1515370	C1254351	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Recombinant Fas Ligand and Pharmacologic Substance. The relationship is: Recombinant Fas Ligand --[has_gdc_value \| clinical_qualifiers_context]--> Pharmacologic Substance The question should: 1. Be in multiple choic...	c351d10d45f67740db50d690fab870960d814928	<Question> A 58-year-old patient presents with a highly aggressive, metastatic melanoma refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies. Genomic sequencing reveals high expression of the Fas receptor (CD95) on the tumor cells. Preclinical studies suggest that direct activation of this receptor could i...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0977723", "active_ingredient_of", "C0003451" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0977723	C0003451	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between idoxuridine 1 MG/ML Ophthalmic Solution and Antiviral Agents. The relationship is: idoxuridine 1 MG/ML Ophthalmic Solution --[active_ingredient_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> Antiviral Agents The question s...	007afd062beef6e1617fc70db944cf0a64384662	<Question> A 62-year-old male presents to the ophthalmology clinic with acute onset of unilateral eye pain, photophobia, and blurred vision. Slit-lamp examination reveals a dendritic ulcer on the cornea with positive fluorescein staining. The ophthalmologist diagnoses herpes simplex keratitis and prescribes idoxuridine...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C3535382", "inactive_ingredient_of", "C0043047" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C3535382	C0043047	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between kaolin 196 MG/ML / pectin 4.5 MG/ML Oral Suspension and water. The relationship is: kaolin 196 MG/ML / pectin 4.5 MG/ML Oral Suspension --[inactive_ingredient_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> water The questi...	06dae05c2397a3a363b9282a634ba3ea6a4fa0bc	<Question> A 68-year-old patient with chronic renal insufficiency develops acute diarrhea following a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The physician prescribes Kaolin 196 mg/mL / Pectin 4.5 mg/mL Oral Suspension. The patient, concerned about the taste and consistency, asks if they can mix their prescribed dose wit...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0113566", "has_inactive_ingredient", "C0689283" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0113566	C0689283	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between ammonium phosphate, dibasic and isosorbide dinitrate 5 MG Sublingual Tablet. The relationship is: ammonium phosphate, dibasic --[has_inactive_ingredient \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> isosorbide dinitrate 5 MG ...	07d57b3cb112d845a557116cad59d867fc180a67	<Question> A 68-year-old male with a history of decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh C) due to chronic hepatitis C infection presents to the emergency department with worsening exertional chest pain consistent with angina. His current medications include spironolactone, furosemide, and lactulose. He is prescribed isosor...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0409872", "finding_site_of", "C0007303" ] ]	[ "anatomy_location" ]	anatomy_location	C0409872	C0007303	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Chondrocalcinosis due to pyrophosphate crystals, of unspecified site and Structure of articular cartilage. The relationship is: Chondrocalcinosis due to pyrophosphate crystals, of unspecified site --[finding_site_of ...	fd6a231378df77ec21643bbfc8767d48819a6c14	<Question> An 82-year-old male presents with acute onset of severe right knee pain, swelling, and erythema, resembling gout. He reports similar, though less severe, episodes in the past affecting both knees and wrists. Arthrocentesis reveals inflammatory fluid but no urate crystals. Radiographs of the right knee show f...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0456102", "associated_morphology_of", "C0021368" ] ]	[ "pathology_morphology" ]	pathology_morphology	C0456102	C0021368	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between congenital non-A non-B hepatitis and Inflammation. The relationship is: congenital non-A non-B hepatitis --[associated_morphology_of \| pathology_morphology]--> Inflammation The question should: 1. Be in multiple cho...	929f94b8b4eea8064f7141f937fb50af068c4b4f	<Question> A 10-year-old boy is brought to the clinic due to progressive fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal distension. His medical history is significant for persistently elevated transaminases detected during routine newborn screening, which have gradually worsened over the years. His mother has a documented history of...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0578806", "pathological_process_of", "C0745283" ] ]	[ "pathology_morphology" ]	pathology_morphology	C0578806	C0745283	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Tuberculosis of heart and INFECTIOUS PROCESS. The relationship is: Tuberculosis of heart --[pathological_process_of \| pathology_morphology]--> INFECTIOUS PROCESS The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format ...	7eb1cd32b55e5c4d2d789b8f3e6634e650fb4cff	<Question> A 35-year-old male, recently immigrated from a region with high tuberculosis prevalence, presents with progressive dyspnea, orthopnea, and lower extremity edema over several months. Physical examination reveals jugular venous distention, Kussmaul's sign, and distant heart sounds. Echocardiography demonstrate...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1456692", "related_to", "C0033052" ] ]	[ "similarity_association" ]	similarity_association	C1456692	C0033052	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Prenatal Testing and Prenatal care. The relationship is: Prenatal Testing --[related_to \| similarity_association]--> Prenatal care The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical...	cace92620b879ab07c9dee288459890b03901977	<Question> A 28-year-old G2P1 woman, with an uncomplicated first pregnancy, presents for her 18-week prenatal visit. She has consistently attended all scheduled appointments and adhered to recommended lifestyle modifications. She expresses some anxiety about her baby's health but trusts her obstetrician's guidance. Dur...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1849813", "inverse_isa", "C0017919" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C1849813	C0017919	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Glycogen Storage Disease of Heart, Lethal Congenital and Glycogen Storage Disease. The relationship is: Glycogen Storage Disease of Heart, Lethal Congenital --[inverse_isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Glycogen Storage Di...	831207c0c7db111021937d712f0a4168703e22c8	<Question> A 3-month-old male infant is brought to the emergency department due to severe respiratory distress, poor feeding, and profound muscle weakness. Physical examination reveals an enlarged tongue, significant hepatomegaly, and generalized hypotonia. Cardiac auscultation notes a loud systolic murmur, and an ECG ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C5192099", "method_of", "C0016107" ] ]	[ "treatments_procedures_methods" ]	treatments_procedures_methods	C5192099	C0016107	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Venovenous ECMO and filtration. The relationship is: Venovenous ECMO --[method_of \| treatments_procedures_methods]--> filtration The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical r...	d893473e4a73efef119b54a4dc1803180bfff1d6	<Question> A 45-year-old male is on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to H1N1 influenza. Despite maximal medical management, he has developed anuric acute kidney injury (AKI) with progressive fluid overload (net positive 8L over 48 h...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1297910", "laterality_of", "C0205091" ] ]	[ "clinical_qualifiers_context" ]	clinical_qualifiers_context	C1297910	C0205091	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Left Lumbar Region and Left. The relationship is: Left Lumbar Region --[laterality_of \| clinical_qualifiers_context]--> Left The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reaso...	4be90fee9eea4d4173453085175e5a2b20801ff8	<Question> A 45-year-old male with a history of poorly controlled Crohn's disease presents to the emergency department with a 2-week history of worsening deep, aching pain in his left lumbar region. He describes the pain as constant, radiating slightly towards his left hip, and exacerbated by walking or extending his l...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1096735", "definitional_manifestation_of", "C1291764" ] ]	[ "disease_findings_course" ]	disease_findings_course	C1096735	C1291764	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Allergy to pulse vegetable and Immune System Finding. The relationship is: Allergy to pulse vegetable --[definitional_manifestation_of \| disease_findings_course]--> Immune System Finding The question should: 1. Be i...	cb3b4bcaeeb7a63b1d71f6f909c4f8d4944105b3	<Question> A 28-year-old female presents to the emergency department with acute onset generalized urticaria, angioedema of the lips, and mild dyspnea, which developed within 30 minutes of consuming a lentil soup. She reports a similar, though less severe, reaction several months prior after eating hummus. Her vital sig...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0717750", "contained_in", "C0014563" ] ]	[ "anatomy_location" ]	anatomy_location	C0717750	C0014563	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between epinephrine / prilocaine and epinephrine. The relationship is: epinephrine / prilocaine --[contained_in \| anatomy_location]--> epinephrine The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require ...	08a9a897f0a53a979c1d435d0357207a40e7931a	<Question> A 62-year-old male with a history of well-controlled essential hypertension (on a thiazide diuretic) presents for a minor dermatological excision on his back. After the area is infiltrated with 5 mL of a 2% prilocaine solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine, he suddenly reports feeling "heart racing" and l...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0272071", "interpretation_of", "C0150312" ] ]	[ "diagnosis_measurement_method" ]	diagnosis_measurement_method	C0272071	C0150312	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between HNSHA due to gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase deficiency and Present. The relationship is: HNSHA due to gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase deficiency --[interpretation_of \| diagnosis_measurement_method]--> Present ...	922dc42523ce186608aaded80dbd06413d5cd201	<Question> A 3-year-old boy presents with a history of recurrent jaundice, pallor, and fatigue, particularly after viral infections. Physical examination reveals mild icterus and splenomegaly. Initial laboratory studies show a hemoglobin of 7.2 g/dL, MCV 88 fL, MCH 29 pg, reticulocyte count 12%, unconjugated hyperbilir...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0556180", "characterized_by", "C1622419" ] ]	[ "clinical_qualifiers_context" ]	clinical_qualifiers_context	C0556180	C1622419	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Milk intake and Administration of substance (procedure). The relationship is: Milk intake --[characterized_by \| clinical_qualifiers_context]--> Administration of substance (procedure) The question should: 1. Be in m...	6103943da72602f0283d02d39e65090effcb77dd	<Question> A 55-year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism presents for a routine follow-up. Despite consistent adherence to her prescribed levothyroxine 100 mcg daily, she reports persistent fatigue, cold intolerance, and mild weight gain. Her recent lab results show a TSH level of 8.2 mIU/L (reference range 0.4-...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0033204", "inverse_isa", "C0392762" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0033204	C0392762	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Probability and Quantitative (qualifier value). The relationship is: Probability --[inverse_isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Quantitative (qualifier value) The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options...	9dabcfefbff89016baa35771734a4a9e1eba992a	<Question> A 62-year-old male presents with new-onset urinary hesitancy and a slightly elevated PSA of 4.5 ng/mL. Using a validated online risk calculator that incorporates age, PSA, DRE findings (normal in this case), and family history (negative), his calculated probability of having prostate cancer is 18%. Which of...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C3503329", "inactive_ingredient_of", "C1883053" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C3503329	C1883053	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between 3 ML insulin aspart, human 100 UNT/ML Pen Injector and sodium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate. The relationship is: 3 ML insulin aspart, human 100 UNT/ML Pen Injector --[inactive_ingredient_of \| drugs_pharmacology_form...	601b52d62c2440d90075befcbfc50fef25aa585e	<Question> A 62-year-old male with Type 1 Diabetes, well-controlled for years on insulin aspart (Novolog) pen injector, presents with progressively higher postprandial glucose levels over the past two weeks despite meticulous carbohydrate counting and consistent dosing. He confirms his injection technique is correct an...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C5436061", "manifestation_of", "C0151786" ] ]	[ "disease_findings_course" ]	disease_findings_course	C5436061	C0151786	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between 46,XY GONADAL DYSGENESIS WITH MINIFASCICULAR NEUROPATHY and Muscle Weakness. The relationship is: 46,XY GONADAL DYSGENESIS WITH MINIFASCICULAR NEUROPATHY --[manifestation_of \| disease_findings_course]--> Muscle Weakn...	b64d13874be708777bef2217d6639a74db43bb0c	<Question> A 22-year-old individual, raised female, presents with a lifelong history of primary amenorrhea, absent breast development, and sparse pubic hair. Genetic testing confirmed a 46,XY karyotype, and pelvic ultrasound revealed streak gonads. Over the past year, she has developed progressive weakness in her dista...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C4756255", "isa", "C1576469" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C4756255	C1576469	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Entecavir only product in oral dose form and entecavir 1 MG Oral Tablet. The relationship is: Entecavir only product in oral dose form --[isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> entecavir 1 MG Oral Tablet The question should: ...	38e5f815c869d679b209bfc62dca632cb550c45e	<Question> Dr. Chen is supervising a junior resident on the infectious disease ward. They are discussing Mr. Gupta, a 60-year-old patient requiring initiation of entecavir for chronic hepatitis B. Dr. Chen instructs the resident, "Please prescribe an entecavir only product in oral dose form for Mr. Gupta." The resident...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0708519", "active_ingredient_of", "C0724655" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0708519	C0724655	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between opium tincture 100 MG/ML Oral Solution and opium tincture. The relationship is: opium tincture 100 MG/ML Oral Solution --[active_ingredient_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> opium tincture The question should:...	d69370a2259957366d2495633d333d7d3b8cdabb	<Question> A 68-year-old male with a history of Crohn's disease presents with intractable, severe diarrhea despite maximal therapy with loperamide and diphenoxylate/atropine. His gastroenterologist decides to initiate treatment with opium tincture 100 MG/ML Oral Solution to manage his symptoms. Considering the pharmac...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0856191", "classifies", "C0271429" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0856191	C0271429	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Bilateral otitis media (acute, non-supp) and Acute otitis media. The relationship is: Bilateral otitis media (acute, non-supp) --[classifies \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Acute otitis media The question should: 1. Be in ...	4a07a90e18fe39c3baf5639d62f7b8fa98bd986e	<Question> A 6-year-old girl presents to her pediatrician with a 3-day history of bilateral ear pain, fever (38.8°C), and diminished hearing. Otoscopic examination reveals markedly bulging, erythematous tympanic membranes with absent light reflexes bilaterally. Pneumatic otoscopy demonstrates severely impaired mobility...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C5239665", "presentation_strength_numerator_unit_of", "C0439210" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C5239665	C0439210	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between enzalutamide 40 MG Oral Tablet and milligram. The relationship is: enzalutamide 40 MG Oral Tablet --[presentation_strength_numerator_unit_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> milligram The question should: 1. Be ...	062ffa0fbbe46f24bd95100f2a2f87100ec1b1a1	<Question> A 72-year-old male with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is being discharged after initiation of enzalutamide therapy. The physician's prescription specifies "Enzalutamide 40 MG Oral Tablet, take four tablets once daily." During patient education, the patient points to the "40 MG" on t...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C4473494", "ingredient_of", "C0082607" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C4473494	C0082607	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between fluticasone propionate 0.055 MG/ACTUAT and fluticasone. The relationship is: fluticasone propionate 0.055 MG/ACTUAT --[ingredient_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> fluticasone The question should: 1. Be in mul...	a37b42f5cf87bb45ba1eeabc92bba9e96d36f1e2	<Question> A 48-year-old patient with persistent allergic rhinitis is prescribed fluticasone propionate 0.055 MG/ACTUAT nasal spray. After 6 weeks, the patient reports significant improvement in nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing, but expresses concern about potential systemic corticosteroid side effects, recal...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1168185", "classifies", "C0085619" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C1168185	C0085619	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Supine dyspnoea and Orthopnea. The relationship is: Supine dyspnoea --[classifies \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Orthopnea The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoning alo...	1ebae11aa051e46fc174da5ffa9ef6c2ceecbde9	<Question> A 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension and recently diagnosed systolic heart failure presents with increasing shortness of breath. He reports that for the past several weeks, he wakes up feeling breathless approximately 30-60 minutes after lying down to sleep. He states he needs to use three pillo...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0187862", "method_of", "C0011079" ] ]	[ "treatments_procedures_methods" ]	treatments_procedures_methods	C0187862	C0011079	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Debridement of open fracture of femur and Debridement. The relationship is: Debridement of open fracture of femur --[method_of \| treatments_procedures_methods]--> Debridement The question should: 1. Be in multiple c...	0d511a0e7e86b4200c8dad4cd5099f350edf5288	<Question> A 34-year-old male presents to the emergency department after a high-speed motorcycle collision. He has an obvious deformity of his left thigh with a 10 cm laceration exposing comminuted bone fragments and significant muscle damage, consistent with a Gustilo IIIB open femoral shaft fracture. After initial re...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0275578", "associated_with", "C0028241" ] ]	[ "similarity_association" ]	similarity_association	C0275578	C0028241	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Nocardia asteroides Infection and Nocardia asteroides. The relationship is: Nocardia asteroides Infection --[associated_with \| similarity_association]--> Nocardia asteroides The question should: 1. Be in multiple ch...	b58d88eaeef4503e0aec2e2334ff7e356cb992b5	<Question> A 62-year-old male with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus on chronic high-dose corticosteroids presents with a two-month history of worsening cough, fever, and weight loss. Chest CT reveals multiple cavitary lesions in the right upper lobe. Over the past week, he has developed new-onset headaches and...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0975564", "ingredient_of", "C0717587" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0975564	C0717587	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between chlorpheniramine maleate 0.4 MG/ML / dextromethorphan hydrobromide 2 MG/ML Oral Solution and chlorpheniramine / dextromethorphan. The relationship is: chlorpheniramine maleate 0.4 MG/ML / dextromethorphan hydrobromid...	478b1cf4a19f4a3719df3fb015e8b1de3e096595	<Question> A 6-year-old child presents to the emergency department with a productive cough, rhinorrhea, and mild fever. His mother reports giving him an over-the-counter medication for the past two days, specifically "Chlorpheniramine Maleate 0.4 MG/ML / Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide 2 MG/ML Oral Solution," at the reco...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0729268", "inverse_isa", "C0038925" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0729268	C0038925	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Mucosal flap (substance) and Surgical Flaps. The relationship is: Mucosal flap (substance) --[inverse_isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Surgical Flaps The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. R...	d0a973d89cd0b8058f59fc3fbdcb17f02fd80419	<Question> A 65-year-old male undergoes wide local excision of a T2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the posterior buccal mucosa, resulting in a 3x4 cm full-thickness defect extending to the buccinator muscle. The reconstructive plan involves a pedicled palatal mucosal flap to cover the defect. Which of the following st...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0152894", "classifies", "C0041296" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0152894	C0041296	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Tuberculosis of adrenal glands, tubercle bacilli not found by bacteriological examination, but tuberculosis confirmed histologically and Tuberculosis. The relationship is: Tuberculosis of adrenal glands, tubercle bac...	43cb4b09014a417d764fee6eae4cc7179131585f	<Question> A 45-year-old male presents with progressive fatigue, weight loss, darkening of skin, and orthostatic hypotension. Laboratory tests reveal hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, low morning cortisol, and elevated ACTH. Abdominal CT shows bilateral adrenal enlargement with calcifications. A core needle biopsy of the adr...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C4038918", "finding_site_of", "C0459470" ] ]	[ "anatomy_location" ]	anatomy_location	C4038918	C0459470	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Primary chronic gout without tophus of hand and Hand joint structure. The relationship is: Primary chronic gout without tophus of hand --[finding_site_of \| anatomy_location]--> Hand joint structure The question shou...	8ac971c087ba95a02f3c454eceb70bc0adefc8ae	<Question> A 55-year-old male with a history of hypertension and occasional binge drinking presents with his third episode of sudden-onset, severe pain, swelling, and erythema in his left hand over the past year. Each episode lasted several days and resolved completely with NSAIDs. He denies any prior trauma. Physical ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C3219959", "isa", "C2369195" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C3219959	C2369195	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between mesalamine Pill and 24 HR mesalamine 375 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule. The relationship is: mesalamine Pill --[isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> 24 HR mesalamine 375 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule The question shou...	400a2df260eda99c962afa645b4a9c49c0ddd86a	<Question> A 32-year-old female with newly diagnosed mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis affecting the entire colon (pancolitis) has been initiated on an oral mesalamine regimen. She reports significant difficulty adhering to a multi-dose daily schedule due to her demanding work hours and often misses afternoon doses. ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0224254", "insertion_of", "C0560737" ] ]	[ "other" ]	other	C0224254	C0560737	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle structure and Bone structure of hamate. The relationship is: Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle structure --[insertion_of \| other]--> Bone structure of hamate The question should: 1. Be in multi...	81f3e9a5d0b73c76c4b68cd539e50ad32ce1b0b4	<Question> A 35-year-old competitive tennis player presents with acute onset of ulnar-sided wrist pain after a powerful forehand stroke where he felt a sharp "pop." He describes pain localized to the hypothenar eminence, exacerbated by gripping and resisted wrist flexion and ulnar deviation. Physical examination reveal...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0270893", "classifies", "C0039984" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0270893	C0039984	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Hyperabduction syndrome and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. The relationship is: Hyperabduction syndrome --[classifies \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Thoracic Outlet Syndrome The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format...	75b9da7f1f283fbd6396dd468ad9313b0344133e	<Question> A 35-year-old male electrician presents with a 3-month history of intermittent numbness and tingling in his left 4th and 5th fingers, extending up his forearm. He reports these symptoms are most prominent when he works with his arms elevated overhead for prolonged periods, such as installing ceiling fixtures...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0692395", "precise_active_ingredient_of", "C0700442" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0692395	C0700442	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between amiodarone hydrochloride 50 MG/ML Injectable Solution and amiodarone hydrochloride. The relationship is: amiodarone hydrochloride 50 MG/ML Injectable Solution --[precise_active_ingredient_of \| drugs_pharmacology_form...	35536c0a1e7378f5c45d1d87260f0d8c3db669e3	<Question> A 68-year-old male with a history of recurrent ventricular tachycardia is admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit. He is started on a continuous infusion of amiodarone hydrochloride 50 MG/ML Injectable Solution. The patient also has a history of chronic atrial fibrillation and has been stable on warfarin...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1096236", "classifies", "C0199242" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C1096236	C0199242	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Thrombophlebitis prophylaxis and Administration of prophylactic anticoagulant. The relationship is: Thrombophlebitis prophylaxis --[classifies \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Administration of prophylactic anticoagulant Th...	c160941f0e776ac9951f3d49b89099f83ddfda34	<Question> A 72-year-old male with a history of hypertension and osteoarthritis undergoes an elective total hip arthroplasty. He has no prior history of venous thromboembolism. Postoperatively, he is recovering well but is expected to have limited mobility for several days. Given this patient's clinical scenario, whic...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0015131", "has_active_moiety", "C0780681" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0015131	C0780681	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between etomidate and 10 ML etomidate 2 MG/ML Injection. The relationship is: etomidate --[has_active_moiety \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> 10 ML etomidate 2 MG/ML Injection The question should: 1. Be in multiple choi...	ac064773e2b79f34f96d53d10359e003a3c4d89d	<Question> A 68-year-old male with severe sepsis and acute respiratory failure requires emergent intubation. Given his hemodynamic instability, the team decides to use 10 mL Etomidate 2 mg/mL Injection for induction. Post-intubation, the patient remains critically ill, and over the next 24 hours, his vasopressor requir...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0086582", "has_finding_site", "C0242350" ] ]	[ "anatomy_location" ]	anatomy_location	C0086582	C0242350	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Males and Erectile dysfunction. The relationship is: Males --[has_finding_site \| anatomy_location]--> Erectile dysfunction The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoni...	df4319ee84cc45664938f2e0e70e40d2d7452b98	<Question> A 55-year-old patient with a history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension presents to the clinic. He reports a gradual onset over the past six months of an inability to achieve and maintain an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse, causing significant personal distress. He denies any pain, discharge, or...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1146574", "consists_of", "C4048578" ] ]	[ "composition_membership" ]	composition_membership	C1146574	C4048578	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between acyclovir 50 MG/ML and 20 ML acyclovir 50 MG/ML Injection. The relationship is: acyclovir 50 MG/ML --[consists_of \| composition_membership]--> 20 ML acyclovir 50 MG/ML Injection The question should: 1. Be in multipl...	17365c68f1a72d1f392b9655f17ce00531d9c909	<Question> A 68-year-old male presents with altered mental status, fever, and new-onset seizures. CSF analysis is consistent with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitis. The neurology team orders intravenous acyclovir 10 mg/kg every 8 hours. The patient weighs 70 kg. The pharmacy dispenses a 20 ML glass vial labeled "...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0195898", "method_of", "C0005558" ] ]	[ "treatments_procedures_methods" ]	treatments_procedures_methods	C0195898	C0005558	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Biopsy of skull and Biopsy. The relationship is: Biopsy of skull --[method_of \| treatments_procedures_methods]--> Biopsy The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoning...	5aae74f7137e47e99161cc6a7a184bca0adf1139	<Question> A 68-year-old male presents with new-onset headaches, progressive left-sided weakness, and a palpable, tender lump on his right parietal scalp. MRI of the brain reveals a 3 cm lytic lesion within the right parietal bone with associated soft tissue mass extending both intracranially and extracranially. Given ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0008670", "disease_mapped_to_chromosome", "C1857844" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0008670	C1857844	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 and Williams-Beuren Region Duplication Syndrome. The relationship is: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 --[disease_mapped_to_chromosome \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Williams-Beuren Region Duplication ...	e353ad34f0aa2570f1a4030b4d91fb77fcb244a4	<Question> A 7-year-old boy is brought to the genetics clinic due to concerns about global developmental delay, significant expressive and receptive language impairment, and behaviors consistent with autism spectrum disorder, including repetitive motor mannerisms and difficulties with social reciprocity. He has a histo...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0015846", "isa", "C0976877" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0015846	C0976877	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between fentanyl and fentanyl 1.2 MG Oral Lozenge. The relationship is: fentanyl --[isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> fentanyl 1.2 MG Oral Lozenge The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clini...	857037e931a389cc7c0359e9aeafa1b8bc094098	<Question> A 68-year-old male with metastatic pancreatic cancer, currently managed on a stable dose of long-acting oxycodone, presents to the emergency department with an acute exacerbation of severe, sharp abdominal pain despite his usual pain regimen. His pain is rated 9/10. The attending physician considers prescrib...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C4303790", "finding_site_of", "C0262950" ] ]	[ "anatomy_location" ]	anatomy_location	C4303790	C0262950	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with periventricular heterotopia and Skeletal bone. The relationship is: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with periventricular heterotopia --[finding_site_of \| anatomy_location]--> Skeletal bone The que...	bb0ab6ce3234b49ac3247402672f9f45204093c2	<Question> A 25-year-old female presents with a complex medical history. She has been managed for intractable epilepsy since childhood, with her most recent brain MRI revealing extensive bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia. Clinically, she exhibits marked joint hypermobility, recurrent dislocations of her sho...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0185130", "isa", "C0185908" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0185130	C0185908	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Operation on musculoskeletal system and Operative procedure on spine. The relationship is: Operation on musculoskeletal system --[isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Operative procedure on spine The question should: 1. Be ...	a5fdd8e403609b540fa02bed27dbdb7a28ab9bcf	<Question> A 68-year-old male presents with chronic low back pain and neurogenic claudication refractory to conservative management. Imaging reveals severe lumbar spinal stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis at L4-L5. He is scheduled for an L4-L5 decompressive laminectomy and instrumented posterolateral fusion. ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0339966", "inverse_was_a", "C0729704" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0339966	C0729704	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Lobar pneumonia, unspecified organism and infective pneumonia. The relationship is: Lobar pneumonia, unspecified organism --[inverse_was_a \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> infective pneumonia The question should: 1. Be in m...	cddaa559515897945ad91242f504094c4e51675d	<Question> A 68-year-old male with a history of COPD presents to the emergency department with acute onset fever, productive cough with rust-colored sputum, pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea. Physical examination reveals tachypnea, tachycardia, and crackles with egophony over the right lower lung field. A chest X-ray s...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0494354", "mapped_to", "C0002726" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0494354	C0002726	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Organ-limited amyloidosis and Amyloidosis. The relationship is: Organ-limited amyloidosis --[mapped_to \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Amyloidosis The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require...	4f0e37fc53002ee32f33969617c4de2731b7346a	<Question> A 65-year-old male presents with recurrent, painless lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Colonoscopy reveals a friable, polypoid lesion in the sigmoid colon. Biopsy demonstrates amorphous, eosinophilic deposits that stain positive with Congo Red and show apple-green birefringence under polarized light, consiste...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0793792", "precise_active_ingredient_of", "C0000970" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0793792	C0000970	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between acetaminophen 300 MG Rectal Suppository and acetaminophen. The relationship is: acetaminophen 300 MG Rectal Suppository --[precise_active_ingredient_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> acetaminophen The question...	904dd7342a3726dcd2a63a7624ef37f8ca5b73a8	<Question> A 5-year-old child weighing 20 kg is admitted to the pediatric ward with viral gastroenteritis, presenting with fever and mild dehydration. The physician orders acetaminophen 300 mg rectal suppositories every 6 hours as needed for fever > 38.5°C. After 24 hours, the child's nausea has resolved, and they are ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0978584", "inactive_ingredient_of", "C1572745" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C0978584	C1572745	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between 8 HR methylphenidate hydrochloride 20 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet and anhydrous lactose. The relationship is: 8 HR methylphenidate hydrochloride 20 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet --[inactive_ingredient_of \| drug...	138afcc4b09a318aa0bbe2d9a9b05dbc50f1f5d5	<Question> A 10-year-old boy with a recent diagnosis of ADHD is prescribed 8 HR methylphenidate hydrochloride 20 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet. During the medication counseling, his mother mentions that he frequently experiences bloating, gas, and abdominal cramps within an hour or two of consuming dairy products, wh...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1268828", "active_ingredient_of", "C0017710" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C1268828	C0017710	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Amcinonide in topical dosage form and Glucocorticoids. The relationship is: Amcinonide in topical dosage form --[active_ingredient_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> Glucocorticoids The question should: 1. Be i...	a0c8ef4627fe5ae77f63f6279fe2127847b4bbc8	<Question> A 48-year-old male presents for follow-up regarding his chronic severe atopic dermatitis. He has been applying Amcinonide cream 0.1% twice daily to large areas of his body (approximately 30% BSA) for the past 6 months under occlusive dressings due to recalcitrant lesions. He reports significant improvement i...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0022631", "see", "C0599816" ] ]	[ "similarity_association" ]	similarity_association	C0022631	C0599816	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Ketone Bodies and ketogenesis. The relationship is: Ketone Bodies --[see \| similarity_association]--> ketogenesis The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoning along ...	1c485f94cd194382fc10608f154b040ffee670b8	<Question> A 32-year-old male with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus presents to the emergency department with altered mental status, Kussmaul respirations, and severe abdominal pain. His blood glucose is 650 mg/dL, arterial pH is 7.08, bicarbonate is 5 mEq/L, and serum osmolality is elevated. Urinalysis reveals 4+ ketones. Giv...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0332306", "isa", "C2986815" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0332306	C2986815	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Quality and Robust. The relationship is: Quality --[isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Robust The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoning along the relationship 3. Includ...	f87b1b80c50b3ba79e2b3cee1e19672b0425f481	<Question> A large academic medical center successfully piloted a novel care pathway for acute ischemic stroke, significantly reducing time to thrombolysis in a controlled research setting. Encouraged by these results, the pathway was adopted hospital-wide. However, post-implementation audits revealed that while some t...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C1273870", "isa", "C1638311" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C1273870	C1638311	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Management procedure and Blood glucose management. The relationship is: Management procedure --[isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> Blood glucose management The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) ...	397ddb0a9de0971d7e44aaa45bb8db960a151d66	<Question> A 72-year-old male with a history of poorly controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is admitted for elective total knee arthroplasty. On the surgical ward post-operatively, his capillary blood glucose readings are consistently ranging from 200-350 mg/dL despite orders for sliding scale regular insulin every 6 ho...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C3213053", "doseformgroup_of", "C3205659" ] ]	[ "drugs_pharmacology_formulation" ]	drugs_pharmacology_formulation	C3213053	C3205659	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between mechlorethamine Topical Product and Topical Product. The relationship is: mechlorethamine Topical Product --[doseformgroup_of \| drugs_pharmacology_formulation]--> Topical Product The question should: 1. Be in multip...	02d66bc2778f3aa066051a7c5bdd3f517d4a99bf	<Question> A 58-year-old patient with patch-stage Mycosis Fungoides is initiating therapy with mechlorethamine 0.016% solution for daily application to affected skin areas. During the initial consultation, the patient expresses concern about the long-term implications of using a chemotherapy agent topically. Which of ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0360392", "isa", "C0022209" ] ]	[ "taxonomy_hierarchy" ]	taxonomy_hierarchy	C0360392	C0022209	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Hydrazide antituberculosis drug and isoniazid. The relationship is: Hydrazide antituberculosis drug --[isa \| taxonomy_hierarchy]--> isoniazid The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Requi...	c3dbbc4847d19e3e0cbb3933e03729bdeabd7445	<Question> A 45-year-old male is receiving standard four-drug therapy (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) for pulmonary tuberculosis. After two months of treatment, he reports progressive numbness and tingling sensations in his feet and hands, consistent with a symmetrical peripheral neuropathy. His liver...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7
1	[ [ "C0013772", "has_occurrence", "C0700597" ] ]	[ "temporal_occurrence" ]	temporal_occurrence	C0013772	C0700597	Create a medical examination question for advanced medical students that tests the relationship between Elder Abuse and Adulthood. The relationship is: Elder Abuse --[has_occurrence \| temporal_occurrence]--> Adulthood The question should: 1. Be in multiple choice format (4 options) 2. Require clinical reasoning along ...	22c004447abba47e1398dfdb8263e19457f237d1	<Question> An 82-year-old woman, Mrs. Eleanor Vance, is brought to the emergency department by her adult daughter. Mrs. Vance has severe Alzheimer's disease and is entirely dependent on her daughter for daily care. Examination reveals advanced pressure ulcers, severe dehydration, and signs of significant malnutrition. ...	gemini-2.5-flash	0.7

End of preview.

Clinical Reasoning Curriculum Training Dataset

Multi-hop clinical reasoning QA dataset grounded in an expanded UMLS-based biomedical knowledge graph (45,746 nodes, 702,290 directed edges). Generated via Gemini 2.5 Flash with DeepSeek-V3 validation, as described in:

One Hop at a Time: Knowledge Graph-Grounded Curriculum Learning for Multi-Hop Clinical Reasoning with Bottom-Up Superintelligence Isha Yerramilli-Rao, Princeton University ECE, 2026. Advised by Prof. Niraj K. Jha.

Dataset Splits

File	Split	Description
`data/sft_train.jsonl`	train	Combined 1-hop + 2-hop curriculum SFT items
`data/sft_train_1hop.jsonl`	train_1hop	1-hop items only
`data/sft_train_2hop.jsonl`	train_2hop	2-hop items only
`data/rl_holdout.jsonl`	rl_holdout	Held-out items for GRPO RL training
`data/eval_3hop_novel.jsonl`	test_novel	3-hop novel (no training edge overlap)
`data/eval_3hop_comp.jsonl`	test_comp	3-hop compositional (one training edge overlap)

Knowledge Graph

The kg/ directory contains the UMLS-based biomedical knowledge graph used to ground curriculum generation and reward learning:

File	Description
`kg/umls_50k_iter4_explore0.05.edges.tsv`	Full edge list (702,290 directed edges, TSV format: `src_cui`, `relation`, `dst_cui`)
`kg/umls_50k_iter4_explore0.05.graph`	Serialized graph object (NetworkX-compatible)
`kg/rela_bucket_ma.json`	Mapping from UMLS relation strings to 27 clinical relation buckets

The KG was constructed from UMLS 20245A using XGBoost learning-to-rank node scoring with iterative pruning, selecting 45,746 clinically relevant nodes from an initial candidate pool of ~300k concepts.

Models

Fine-tuned models trained on this dataset:

Downloads last month: 1

Total file size:

1.13 GB