jimnoneill/paper-to-field
Text Classification • Updated
• 26
Datasets:
openalex_id stringlengths 29 32 | title stringlengths 10 847 | abstract stringlengths 50 30.4k | topic_id stringlengths 5 5 | topic_name stringlengths 14 83 | topic_score float64 0.8 1 | subfield_id stringdate 1100-01-01 00:00:00 3616-01-01 00:00:00 | subfield_name stringclasses 242 values | field_id stringclasses 26 values | field_name stringclasses 26 values | domain_id stringclasses 4 values | domain_name stringclasses 4 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
https://openalex.org/W6949269363 | Methodological And Data Infrastructure Report On Roma Population In The Eu | This paper aims to contribute to the policy discussion on the challenges of mapping the realities of Roma living conditions, and attempts to propose cross-country comparative, relevant indicators of Roma inclusion, which are acutely needed for evidence-based policy making. The reason for the special attention devoted to the situation of the Roma population is clear: a large group of EU citizens, 10-12 million people is living in much worse conditions, and with fewer opportunities for upward mobility, than their peers or neighbours. If these people remain excluded, uneducated, jobless and mired in deep poverty, it not only blights their own lives and determinates the possibilities of the next generations, but also has a significant impact on life for the majority, through burdens imposed on the welfare system and the reduced capacity of the local labour markets. Social indicators based on statistical and survey data are essential to provide clear and comprehensive evidence for policy makers. At present, evidence-based policy making aimed at Roma inclusion faces serious limitations, because basic information is lacking about Roma people’s social and economic situation. The paper addresses issues related to measuring Roma inclusion and the outcomes of EU wide and national policies aiming at this population. In this effort the paper first outlines the political and conceptual framework and describes availability and limitations of data on Roma populations. In a next section it comparatively overviews indicators of Roma inclusion applied by National Roma Inclusion Strategies in 16 EU Member States and critically assesses them. Finally, it proposes alternative indicators that reflect challenges of Roma inclusion in a comprehensive, multidimensional way and discusses the possible data sources as well as gaps in available data. | 12595 | Romani and Gypsy Studies | 0.9601 | 3600 | General Health Professions | 36 | Health Professions | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2599286860 | On Changes in the Properties of the Red Corpuscles of Human Blood in relation to Fever | JOURNAL ARTICLE| 01 July 1861 Original Communications: On Changes in the Properties of the Red Corpuscles of Human Blood in relation to Fever WILLIAM ADDISON WILLIAM ADDISON Search for other works by this author on: This site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information WILLIAM ADDISON Online Issn: 1477-9137 Print Issn: 0021-9533 Copyright © 1861 by the Company of Biologists Ltd.1861 J Cell Sci (1861) s2-1 (3): 166–175. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.s2-1.3.166 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation WILLIAM ADDISON; Original Communications: On Changes in the Properties of the Red Corpuscles of Human Blood in relation to Fever. J Cell Sci 1 July 1861; s2-1 (3): 166–175. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.s2-1.3.166 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All contentAll journalsJournal of Cell Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright © 1861 by the Company of Biologists Ltd.1861 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content. | 12286 | Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology | 0.9807 | 2737 | Physiology | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2950733171 | Site-Planning Guidelines for Low Income Housing in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Based on Poe and Axioms | This paper presents a study on quality of life indicators and site planning parameters for low-income State supported housing projects in the region of Campinas, Brazil. The study is based on a Post Occupancy Evaluation, POE, conducted in five housing estates. Most housing projects are devoid of urban infrastructure and users act on their own in providing for necessary elements to help create an identity and community spirit. In the interior of the State, outside the major metropolitan area of São Paulo, typical housing developments have a fairly low density. Open space is however poorly used and does not contribute to overall neighborhood quality. User satisfaction is related to environmental comfort indicators (thermal, visual, acoustic, functional space aspects and quality of air). Satisfaction also depends on user’s attitudes towards the environment, their psychological wellbeing, their feeling of security and safety (NEWMAN, 1972). The indicators of environmental psychology depend on the users perception of space as territory (GIFFORD, 1997). Feelings of belonging, of privacy and crowding are important. Residents assess the scope for individualization of dwellings and feelings of security are important (CARMONA, 2001; PUNTER & CARMONA, 1997; THOMAS, 2003). Evaluation of housing developments has primarily been based on POE studies, where factors of technical-construction and user-satisfaction are the subjects of inquiry. This research project embarked on a field investigation, using POE methods, of such indicators to create a framework and to validate the indicators proposed for the design evaluation method, and confirm the functional requirements and design parameters of the design evaluation method proposed.The sample of the POE included five percent of residential units in each housing estate. Selection was based on uniform distribution over each site and inclusion of one family residences and apartments on different floor levels. The following topics guided the generation of indicators: spatial qualities; morphological qualities; contextual qualities; visual qualities; perceptual qualities; social qualities; functional qualities.The field study instruments were based on questionnaires, observations and design analysis, built on a preliminary list of general indicators of quality of life and sustainability related public housing project. The literature on environmental psychology and housing design quality directed the content of questionnaires and observation sheets (GRIFFIN, 1997; CARMONA, 2001). Questionnaires were applied to users, technical and behavioral observation made on site. Design aspects were analyzed: building density; percentages of areas and distribution of uses as well as circles of influence of institutions and services. This work is part of a broader study, which aims to develop a design evaluation tool based on the results of the case study described above. Most sensitive quality of life indicators related to site-planning should permeate the tool and establish guidelines (FELCE & PERRY, 1995; CUMMINS, 1998). The tool will be organized according to two axioms coming from the design method by SUH (1990). The axiom of independence establishes the structure of the guidelines and the axiom of information selects design parameters for specific site planning problems. Further references, in the collection of guidelines, are made to ALEXANDER (1977) and the “if-then” structure of his “Pattern Language”. The inclusion of a large number of qualitative design issues into the decision making process and the questioning of existing standardized solutions is seen as an important step in improving housing quality and avoid the repetition of common errors. As a further result, the “workbook” method of user participation (HORELLI, 2002) in introducing improvements to existing housing development will be tested in one of the sample projects of the POE study. | 13497 | Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity | 0.9879 | 1211 | Philosophy | 12 | Arts and Humanities | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4301967313 | Phase II trials in the EORTC. The Protocol Review Committee, the Data Center, the Research and Treatment Division, and the New Drug Development Office. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. | The Protocol Review Committee (PRC) has prepared this document in order to clarify the phases of introduction of a new therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer. Our aim is to define these phases and to make explicit the intentions which lie behind EORTC studies at each stage in the process. The PRC hopes that this will help the Cooperative Groups of the EORTC in developing their protocols for clinical trials carried out under the auspices of the EORTC. This position paper may also assist those undertaking this form of clinical research outside the EORTC. | 11287 | Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics | 0.9456 | 1306 | Cancer Research | 13 | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W6989158256 | Ampliación de la presencia del caracol africano gigante Acathina fulica (Bowdich 1822) (Mollusca: Gastropoda-Achatinidae) en la zona norte del departamento de Sucre, Colombia | The present work determines the presence of the African giant snail (Acathina fulica), in the north area of the Sucre department, in jurisdiction of the Corporación Autónoma Regional de Sucre - CARSUCRE. Density and ranges of sizes were established for each sites sampled: Sincelejo, Corozal y Tolú; the control protocols indicated by the respective environmental authority were followed and the potential impacts that this invasive species could cause were discussed. | 12234 | Mollusks and Parasites Studies | 0.8123 | 1109 | Insect Science | 11 | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W825660258 | Restructuring, migrant labour markets and small business | Changes in global economic patterns have lead to major shifts in both international migratory flows and labour market structures in Australia. This causes a reshaping of the process whereby migrant labour is incorporated, leading to unemployment among existing migrant groups, and restriction of labour market entry points for new arrivals. Another result of restructuring is the growth of small entrepreneurship. Qualitative research in inner Sydney explores the characteristics of migrant small businesses, showing types of enterprises, conditions for establishment, motivations of the entrepreneurs, use of family labour power, and chains of interdependence with larger firms. The analysis points to the need for re-examination of theories of migration and class. | 12693 | Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy | 0.9999 | 3312 | Sociology and Political Science | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4308334503 | Clinical Scoring Systems in the Newborn Calf: An Overview | A scoring system is an instrument that enables the scorers, including farmers, technicians, and veterinarians, to adopt a systematic approach for diagnosis or monitoring, as it decreases bias and confounding and increases objectivity. Practically, it is a number assigned to a patient that correlates with a probability that a diagnosis can be confirmed or that a specific outcome will follow. This article examines the clinical scores designed or adapted to bovine medicine that aim to assess newborn calf viability and to diagnose and monitor neonatal calf diarrhea and respiratory diseases, helping the clinician promptly recognize calves needing medical assistance. Despite the large number of clinical scores described in the literature, these are still barely used in farm animal practice; possibly, the complexity of the scores and missing recommendations for intervention are reasons for their lack of popularity as well as the crosswise lack of consistency among scores designed for the same purpose. Further research is needed in this regard to increase scores validation and encourage their application in bovine calf neonatology. | 12322 | Animal health and immunology | 0.9996 | 3404 | Small Animals | 34 | Veterinary | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1581322565 | Inside outreach: a challenge for health sciences librarians. | Analysis of the data revealed key findings in the areas of strategic planning, funding, and evaluation. A thoughtful definition of outreach ensures that outreach activities are expressions of the library's mission. Funding shifts require flexible programs. Evaluation provides data necessary to create new programs, sustain successful ones, and avoid repeating mistakes. | 11744 | Health Sciences Research and Education | 0.9965 | 3600 | General Health Professions | 36 | Health Professions | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W285757020 | [Mitochondrial toxicity of drugs]. | Considering the complexity of mitochondria, it is not surprising that the pathogenesis of adverse drug events often develop on drug-induced mitochondrial injury. Drug induced mitochondrial toxicity can occur through several mechanisms, such as depletion of mtDNA (e.g. NRTI), inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation (e.g. valproic acid), opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (e.g. anthracyclines), formation of mitochondrial oxidative stress and depletion of mitochondrial glutathione pool (e.g. acetaminophen), uncoupling of electron transport from ATP synthesis (e.g. tamoxifen) and inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes (e.g. simvastatin). This review focuses on the mitochondrial toxicity of drugs in general and explains the practical relevance of these adverse drug events according to specific drugs (metformin, statins, acetaminophen, valproic acid). Furthermore the significance of mitotropic micronutrients such as coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine and glutathione in the prevention and management ofdrug-induced mitochondrial injury is discussed. | 11027 | Metabolism and Genetic Disorders | 0.9935 | 1308 | Clinical Biochemistry | 13 | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W6995909673 | The Psychometric Properties of Probability and Quantile Forecasts | Forecasting tournaments are a well established method for assessing human forecasting skills. Most forecasting tournaments are based on a format where participants estimate the probabilities of discrete events. For predictions of continuous values, the possible range of outcome values is divided into mutually exclusive bins covering the entire outcome distribution so that probabilities for each bin can be elicited. An alternative approach involves directly eliciting forecasts about quantiles of the continuous quantity. Using both simulated data and data from 1,147 participants who completed five surveys focused on forecasting tasks in a longitudinal study, we compared the psychometric properties of quantile and probability elicitation methods. In the simulation, we demonstrated that items in the quantile format recovered parameters that defined forecasters’ latent forecasting skill in fewer items than the probability format, and identified several idiosyncrasies in accuracy scores for the probability format that drive these differences. In the empirical analyses, we elicited forecasts about a set of 36 forecasting questions in both formats: quantile forecasts at five fixed probability values (5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 95%) and probability forecasts for five pre-determined item-specific bins. Consistent with the simulated results, our findings revealed that forecasts in the quantile format showed considerably stronger internal consistency, achieving a suitable reliability level with fewer items. When cross-validating how well individual forecasters’ accuracy on in-sample questions predicted their performance in out-of-sample questions, the variability in the accuracy of quantile forecasts was more statistically explainable. Despite its desirable properties, errors and signs of comprehension difficulties were more frequently observed in the quantile format. Further research is needed to refine elicitations that optimize the effectiveness of quantile-based forecasting judgments. | 11918 | Forecasting Techniques and Applications | 0.9064 | 1803 | Management Science and Operations Research | 18 | Decision Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2999012049 | P1274 Early surgery versus watchful waiting in patients with moderate aortic stenosis and left ventricular systolic dysfunction | Abstract Background Aortic stenosis (AS) induces significant pressure overload to the left ventricle (LV) and its burden may increase if there is concomitant LV systolic dysfunction. Severe AS with LV systolic dysfunction is a class I indication for aortic valve replacement (AVR) irrespective of symptoms, however, this recommendation is not well established in those with moderate AS and LV systolic dysfunction. In this study, we sought to investigate the clinical impact of surgical AVR among patients with moderate AS and LV systolic dysfunction. Methods From 2001 to 2017, we retrospectively but consecutively identified patients with moderate AS and LV systolic dysfunction from a single tertiary hospital. Moderate AS was defined as aortic valve area between 1.0 and 1.5cm2 and LV systolic dysfunction as LV ejection fraction less than 50%. The primary outcome was all-cause death and we additionally analyzed cardiac death as a secondary endpoint. The outcomes were compared between those who underwent early surgical AVR at the stage of moderate AS versus those who were followed without AVR at the outpatient clinic. Results Among a total of 257 patients with moderate AS and concomitant LV systolic dysfunction (70.0 ± 11.3 years, 63.4% of male), 34 patients received early AVR. Patients in the AVR group was younger than the observation group (64.2 ± 8.1 vs. 70.9 ± 11.5, respectively), and had a lower prevalence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. During a mean of 3-year follow up, 112 patients (47.5%) died and the overall death rate was 15.367 per 100 person-year (PY). The AVR group showed a significantly lower rate of all-cause death than the observation group (5.241PY vs. 18.160PY, p-value = 0.002). After multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities and laboratory data, early AVR at the stage of moderate AS significantly reduced the risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.340, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.117 - 0.985, p-value = 0.047). However, there was no risk reduction of cardiac death (HR 0.578 95% CI 0.150 - 2.231, p-value = 0.426). Conclusions In patients with moderate AS and LV systolic dysfunction, AVR reduces the risk of all-cause death. A prospective design study is warranted to confirm our findings in the near future. Abstract P1274 Figure. Kaplan-Meier curves for deaths | 10172 | Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments | 0.9961 | 2705 | Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1836003786 | Effects of parity, age at calving and stage of lactation on fatty acid composition of milk in Canadian Holsteins | Bilal, G., Cue, R. I., Mustafa, A. F. and Hayes, J. F. 2014. Effects of parity, age at calving and stage of lactation on fatty acid composition of milk in Canadian Holsteins. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 401–410. The objectives of the present study were to study the effects of parity, age at calving and stage of lactation on individual fatty acids and fatty acid unsaturation indices in milk of Canadian Holsteins. One morning milk sample was collected from each of 3185 dairy cows between February and June 2010 from 52 commercial herds enrolled in the Quebec Dairy Production Centre of Expertise, Valacta. Individual fatty acid proportions (g 100 g−1 of total fatty acids) were determined for each sample by gas chromatography. Editing for registration status, cow, sire and dam identification, breed, country, age at calving and stage of lactation reduced the data set to 2573 cows representing 46 herds. The statistical model included the fixed effects of parity, age at calving and stage of lactation each nested within parity and random effects of herd-year-season of calving and residual. First-parity cows had relatively higher proportions of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids, from a human health standpoint, and lower proportions of potentially undesirable saturated fatty acids in milk fat as compared with later parity cows. Milk fatty acid profile varied with stage of lactation. The proportions of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (C6:0 to C14:0) were low in the beginning of lactation and increased during the early part of lactation. Long-chain fatty acids (especially C18:0 and oleic acid) and unsaturation indices (C16, C18 and total) showed an opposite trend to that of short- and medium-chain fatty acids. The study showed that parity and lactation stage contribute to variation in bovine milk fat composition. | 10387 | Fatty Acid Research and Health | 0.9999 | 2916 | Nutrition and Dietetics | 29 | Nursing | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W3016676412 | LibGuides: The Effects of Video Games on Child and Teenage Development.: Home | This annotated bibliography has gathered 15 sources that inform parents as to how video games affect the development of their children. This includes information affecting all ages from K-12 and can allow parents to make educated decisions on if and how t | 12060 | Child Development and Digital Technology | 0.877 | 3304 | Education | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2769409943 | Single layers and multilayers of GaN and AlN in square-octagon structure: Stability, electronic properties, and functionalization | Further to planar single-layer hexagonal structures, GaN and AlN can also form free-standing, single-layer structures constructed from squares and octagons. We performed an extensive analysis of dynamical and thermal stability of these structures in terms of ab initio finiteerature molecular dynamics and phonon calculations together with the analysis of Raman and infrared active modes. These single-layer square-octagon structures of GaN and AlN display directional mechanical properties and have wide, indirect fundamental band gaps, which are smaller than their hexagonal counterparts. These density functional theory band gaps, however, increase and become wider upon correction. Under uniaxial and biaxial tensile strain, the fundamental band gaps decrease and can be closed. The electronic and magnetic properties of these single-layer structures can be modified by adsorption of various adatoms, or by creating neutral cation-anion vacancies. The single-layer structures attain magnetic moment by selected adatoms and neutral vacancies. In particular, localized gap states are strongly dependent on the type of vacancy. The energetics, binding, and resulting electronic structure of bilayer, trilayer, and three-dimensional (3D) layered structures constructed by stacking the single layers are affected by vertical chemical bonds between adjacent layers. In addition to van der Waals interaction, these weak vertical bonds induce buckling in planar geometry and enhance their binding, leading to the formation of stable 3D layered structures. In this respect, these multilayers are intermediate between van der Waals solids and wurtzite crystals, offering a wide range of tunability. © 2017 American Physical Society. | 10099 | GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials | 0.9999 | 3104 | Condensed Matter Physics | 31 | Physics and Astronomy | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2140733758 | A Characteristic Inter Database Retrieval System and Its Collaborative Mechanism | Some of the universities or special libraries will have special requirements for the information query. According to some of the special requirements, a multi-agent coalition inter database retrieval system architecture is constructed to support unified access to multiple databases. This paper gives the details about the model structure of collaborative agent and the collaborative mechanism in the system. | 12016 | Web Data Mining and Analysis | 0.9971 | 1710 | Information Systems | 17 | Computer Science | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2238269681 | Quantitative approach to the diffusion of obsidian in the ancient northern Near East | Tracing the transport of obsidian in the ancient Near East has played an important role in identifying prehistoric trade networks. The quantitative aspect of these exchanges has until now been rarely studied, whether the weight of material transported, its correlation with the means of transport (carried by humans, by pack or draught animals, by boat), the number of hours or days necessary between the source and the archaeological sites. Obsidian sources located in the northern Near East (Eastern Anatolia, Transcaucasia) were extensively exploited between the 7th–3rd mill. BC. The GIS modelling and quantification of the provision of obsidian in this mountainous region have revealed the predominance of a direct mode of acquisition, based partly on transhumance. The ethnographic data and the accounts of travellers in past centuries contribute precious information, which clarifies and supports the results of the modelling achieved using the GIS. | 12307 | Ancient Near East History | 0.9989 | 1204 | Archeology | 12 | Arts and Humanities | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4388123376 | Punctuation | Abstract German punctuation differs from English punctuation in a number of import ant points: The Comma. The use of the comma in German is strictly syntactical, whereas the English comma is often used as a stylistic device to indicate a pause in the sentence. | 12373 | Linguistic research and analysis | 0.95 | 1203 | Language and Linguistics | 12 | Arts and Humanities | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2145806328 | On the Fundamental Diagram and Supply Curves for Congested Urban Networks | Macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) of traffic for some networks have been shown to have similar shape to those for single links. They have erroneously been used to help estimate the level of travel in congested networks. We argue that supply curves, which track vehicles in their passage through congested networks, are needed for this purpose, and that they differ from the performance curves generated from MFD. We use a microsimulation model, DRACULA and two networks, one synthesizing the network for Cambridge, England, and one of the city of York, England, to explore the nature of performance curves and supply curves under differing patterns of demand. We show that supply curves differ from performance curves once the onset of congestion is reached, and that the incorrect use of performance curves to estimate demand can thus seriously underestimate traffic levels, the costs of congestion, and the value of congestion relief measures. We also show that network aggregated supply curves are sensitive to the temporal distribution of demand and, potentially, to the spatial distribution of demand. The shape of the supply curve also differs between origin-destination movements within a given network. We argue that supply curves for higher levels of demand cannot be observed in normal traffic conditions, and specify ways in which they can be determined from microsimulation and, potentially, by extrapolating observed data. We discuss the implications of these findings for conventional modeling of network management policies, and for these policies themselves. | 10698 | Transportation Planning and Optimization | 0.9999 | 3313 | Transportation | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1988837461 | Retrieval of snow surface microwave emissivity from the advanced microwave sounding unit | Satellite data assimilation in numerical weather prediction systems requires information on microwave snow surface emissivity in a wide wavelength range. However, the existing models perform poorly for stratified snow or aged snow especially at high frequencies such that they are inapplicable for various snow types. The brightness temperatures at the window channels of the advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) are characterized strongly by surface emissivity and are thus used in this study to retrieve snow surface emissivity from 23.8 to 150 GHz under both clear and cloudy conditions. This algorithm uses an iteration scheme associated with a two‐stream radiative transfer model. The accuracy of the AMSU‐retrieved snow emissivity using this algorithm is first assessed against a set of satellite‐observed emissivity under clear skies and a set of simulated emissivity under cloudy conditions. The algorithm is then assessed by its application to seven consecutive snow events observed at Hagerstown, Maryland, in February 2003 and to a set of mountainous snowpacks observed at the Local Scale Observation Site of the Cold Land Processes Field Experiment in northern Colorado in February and March of 2002 and 2003. Results show that the AMSU‐retrieved snow emissivity spectra are consistent with the snow emissivity model simulations of the snow events in both Maryland and Colorado. Furthermore, the impact of the AMSU‐retrieved snow emissivity on global satellite data assimilation systems is investigated by applying the algorithm to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system. Compared to the existing analytic land emissivity model used in the GSI system, the retrieved emissivity significantly improves the use of the AMSU sounding data in the NCEP GSI system. Therefore, the AMSU‐based snow emissivity retrieval algorithm has demonstrated its potential use in the global satellite data assimilation systems. | 10644 | Cryospheric studies and observations | 1 | 1902 | Atmospheric Science | 19 | Earth and Planetary Sciences | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2562619619 | Plagiarism, politics, science, sport: forced (?) parallels attempt | Polazeci od recentnih rasirenih primjera objeda za plagiranje visokopozicioniranih politicara u Njemackoj, Mađarskoj, Rumunjskoj i Hrvatskoj, rad pokusava rasclaniti slicnosti obrazaca ponasanja i etike pri plagiranju i u politici, pri cemu uzima u obzir izvorne ideale bavljenja politikom i njihovo dezavuiranje u modernoj praksi. U okviru druge pod-teme, pozornost se posvecuje slicnostima plagiranja u znanosti prema dopingu u sportu, sto zakljucke vodi prema sirem razmatranju uzroka epidemijskih zloporaba suvremene kliseizirane znanosti. | 12700 | Doping in Sports | 0.8325 | 3312 | Sociology and Political Science | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4220809350 | Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Conventional and Organic Pig Fattening Farms | Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global problem and complicates successful treatments of bacterial infections in animals and humans. We conducted a longitudinal study in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania to compare the occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in three conventional and four organic pig farms. ESBL-positive E. coli, especially of the CTX-M type, were found in all fattening farms, confirming that antimicrobial resistance is widespread in pig fattening and affects both conventional and organic farms. The percentage of ESBL-positive pens was significantly higher on conventional (55.2%) than on organic farms (44.8%) with similar proportions of ESBL-positive pens on conventional farms (54.3–61.9%) and a wide variation (7.7–84.2%) on organic farms. Metadata suggest that the farms of origin, from which weaner pigs were purchased, had a major influence on the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the fattening farms. Resistance screening showed that the proportion of pens with multidrug-resistant E. coli was similar on conventional (28.6%) and organic (31.5%) farms. The study shows that ESBL-positive E. coli play a major role in pig production and that urgent action is needed to prevent their spread. | 10147 | Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria | 0.9999 | 1313 | Molecular Medicine | 13 | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2405533728 | Rat intestinal amino acid balances after the administration of an oral protein load. | The intestinal amino acid balances in rats given an oral load of protein were measured three hours after the gavage. During that period, about one half of the nitrogen from the protein given appeared as net balance in the portal blood. The release of amino acids was not a continuous process, since two peaks of maximal intestinal efflux were found at 1 and 2.5 hours after gavage. This pattern followed that of portal blood flow with a 30 minute delay. Under prandial conditions, the intestine showed a net uptake of glutamine, aspartate, serine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine and valine. It also showed a net production of alanine, glutamate, ornithine skeleton (arginine + citrulline + ornithine) and ammonia. There was also a surge of taurine, attributed to reabsorption of secreted taurine conjugates. There was a net unchanged absorption of glycine, proline, lysine and histidine, with respect to their proportions in the protein administered. The results suggest that the amino acid metabolism in the intestine under prandial conditions is much less passive than is generally assumed. The intestinal action upon the luminal amino acids is not limited to absorption, but is directly implied in their transformation to complement the ensuing homeostatic action of the liver upon them. | 10858 | Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology | 0.9982 | 2916 | Nutrition and Dietetics | 29 | Nursing | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1997456712 | Aquatic mating in pinnipeds: a review | The goals of this review are to summarize existing information available on aquatic mating strategies in pinnipeds. Considerable advances in knowledge concerning the reproductive strategies of aquatic mating pinnipeds have been made over recent years. Studies have showed that aquatic mating pinnipeds exhibit a range of evolutionary adaptations in their reproductive strategies that differ considerably from those of land-breeding species. However, clear gaps still exist, particularly amongst ice-breeding species. This review introduces the topic and then is divided into 1) techniques for studying aquatic mating pinnipeds, of which acoustic, telemetry, and genetic technologies are discussed, 2) evolutionary consequences of lactation and whelping habitat, 3) male reproductive strategies and, 4) conclusions and future research directions. Based on current evidence, aquatic-mating species are thought to maintain aquatic display areas using vocal and dive displays for the purpose of male–male competition and likely for the attractioon of females. Between species, mating behaviour ranges from lek mating, female defense polygyny, to the use of alternative mating tactics. Observed variations within species in mating behaviour appear to be linked to the influences of local habitat type and changes in female behaviour. Therefore, it is appropriate to reassess our knowledge concerning aquatic breeders and reflect how this alters the development of theories on the evolution of pinniped reproductive strategies. | 10199 | Wildlife Ecology and Conservation | 0.9994 | 2303 | Ecology | 23 | Environmental Science | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2769244605 | Evaluation of CT Image Guided Radiofrequency Ablation in the Management of Painful Bone Metastases Originating from NSCLC | Background: Pain palliation in patients with bone metastases is of great importance.The ideal treatment method has to be fast, safe, effective and tolerable for the patient.Objective: Evaluation of efficacy and safety of computed tomography (CT) guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a treatment method of painful bone metastases originating from NSCLC. Materials and methods:A total of thirty two patients with painful bone metastases originating from NSCLC were included in our study (median age 67; range 35-88 years).Lesion diameter was between 2 and 6 cm (mean ± SD: 2.8±2cm).Pain was assessed in all patients with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI).All patients were treated with RFA under CT guidance, under conscious sedation.RFAs were performed either with RITA Model 1500® electrosurgical generator with a seven-array multitined electrode or AMICA electrosurgical generator, depending on the lesion's size.Mean ablation time was 9.5 minutes.Technically successful ablation was considered when lesion was completely covered according to protocol.After each session a CT scan was performed in order to exclude complications.Patients were hospitalised up to 24 hours for clinical monitoring.Post-ablation assessment with BPI score and report of the use of analgesics was performed with telephone interview one, four and eight weeks after the ablation. Results:We observed significant decrease in the mean past day BPI score for worst pain, for average pain and for pain interference during daily life in comparison to pre procedural symptoms (P<0.001,paired t-test), one, four and eight weeks after treatment.There was also a marked decrease in the use of analgesics.None complication occurred.Conclusions: RFA appears to be a promising treatment method for painful bone metastases originating from NSCLC as it is a safe, fast, minimal invasive method with high efficacy and security. | 12108 | Management of metastatic bone disease | 0.9998 | 2746 | Surgery | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1991388831 | A semi‐analytical model of the influence of phytoplankton community structure on the relationship between light attenuation and ocean color | A model was developed to examine the influence of phytoplankton community structure on the relationship between diffuse attenuation and ratios of upwelling radiance. Shifts in phytoplankton communities were represented by changing mean optical properties as a function of chlorophyll ( C , mg m −3 ), consistent with large data sets from the field and laboratory. The product of cell size and internal pigment concentration, dc i , governs pigment packaging, which alters the specific absorption coefficients of phytoplankton ( , m 2 mgChl −1 ). Pigment packaging was parameterized as a function of C by combining the relationship between dc i and from phytoplankton cultures with that between and C from the field, using data for 675 nm, where absorption by accessory pigments is low. Changes in accessory pigmentation were approximated by quantifying residual variability in at other wavelengths, as functions of C , once the variability with dc i was taken into account. Absorption by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), detrital absorption, and scattering by particles were also parameterized as functions of C , so that bio‐optical relationships could be modeled as functions of trophic status. The model thus reconciled recognized relationships between optical properties and C with ecologically interpretable shifts in phytoplankton communities. Empirical relationships between diffuse attenuation and ocean color were well reproduced at low (0.5 mg m −3 ) to medium (10 mg m −3 ) C . Analysis of variability imposed by a range of dc i suggests that it may be possible to recognize phytoplankton communities with cell sizes and intracellular pigment concentration different from the central tendency, given a set of wavelengths which minimizes the influence of CDOM and detrital absorption. | 10032 | Marine and coastal ecosystems | 0.9996 | 1910 | Oceanography | 19 | Earth and Planetary Sciences | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W3125592704 | Virtual Judgment Proofing: A Rejoinder | In the future, and to the greatest extent possible, Sara Lee will be a virtual company, putting its virtual name on things it doesn't make.'Before Manville, big businesses paid their tort liabilities.In its 1982 bankruptcy reorganization, Manville's investors lost nearly the entire value of the company-over $2 billion-to tort creditors.The damages from Union Carbide's 1984 release of toxic chemicals that killed 4000 people in Bhopal, India were estimated in the billions of dollars before the courts came to Union Carbide's rescue.The following year, A.H. Robins took a $2.5 billion hit from Dalkon Shield claimants, 4 and a Texas jury awarded Pennzoil $11 billion in a tort case against Texaco. 5 In 1989, the Exxon Valdez spilled oil that led to over $9 billion in judgments against Exxon. 6Now, the tobacco companies' tort liabilities are estimated in the hundreds of billions. 7These cases mark a historic shift in the nature and magnitude of liability.In Corporate Judgment Proofing,' Professor James J. White argues-and indeed claims to have proven empirically-that big businesses have erected no legal defenses in response.To do so, he argues, would have been futile.The companies' lenders and trading partners would not have permitted it. 9 The courts would have disregarded limited liability and deemed the companies' t | 12509 | Corporate Insolvency and Governance | 0.9729 | 1402 | Accounting | 14 | Business, Management and Accounting | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2969467320 | Access to Justice and Democratic Governance in Cameroon: Which Lessons in the Light of Constitutional Justice? | Through the constitutional law of January 18, 1996, Cameroon endowed itself with a constitutional justice. The question is to what extent do the mechanisms of access to constitutional justice contribute to the democratic governance of the country? To analyse this fact, it appears that the mechanisms of access to constitutional justice in Cameroon are highly prohibitive and deny the rule of law and participatory democracy; all things that are resolutely situated at the antipodes of a democratic governance. | 13710 | European and International Law Studies | 0.9498 | 3320 | Political Science and International Relations | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W629269354 | Direct and indirect antimicrobial effects of α-mangostin on pathogenic microorganisms | Objective: To test direct and indirect antimicrobial properties of α-mangostin towards a number of bacteria and fungi.
Methods: The experiment was carried out using broth microdilution and checkerboards methods. Activity of α-mangostin paired with an antibiotic was studied by calculating its fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC).
Results: The activity of all four bacteria towards ampicillin, penicillin G, streptomycin and tetracycline showed no interaction with the combination with α-mangostin where the FIC indexes were between the range of 0.5 4. Activity of doxycycline on Pseudomonas aeruginosa fell into other set of range, FICindex≥4 which is an antagonism.
Conclusions: The FIC index is far away in the range. The coupled antibiotic and α-mangostin is considered synergy in action if it lies in FICindex≤0.5 and it was found that the isolated compound, α-mangostin revealed very low synergistic antimicrobial effects when coupled with antibiotics. | 12087 | Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies | 0.9977 | 1110 | Plant Science | 11 | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4297258940 | Red Phosphorus/P25 Nanophotosensitizers Coated with Platelet Membrane for Enhancing Cancer Cells Photodynamic Therapy | Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses targeted photosensitizing drugs, has been regarded as a promising method for cancer therapy. In the present study, photosensitizer red phosphorus modified P25 nanophotosensitizers (P25‐RP) were generated, which were coated with platelet membrane (P25‐RP@PLT) extracted from platelet rich plasma. The biocompatibility of P25‐RP was demonstrated by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and optical microscope assay, more than 93 % cells in the concentration of 100 μg/ml of P25‐RP suspension after co‐incubation for 24 h were still kept alive. The antitumor performance of P25‐RP@PLT was evaluated via CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry and fluorescence staining of live/dead cells. The experiment results showed that P25‐RP@PLT could ablate 55 % malignant tumor cells upon laser irradiation within 5 min, which was 10 % higher than P25‐RP alone against cancer cells. Mechanistically, the cancer cell toxicity of P25‐RP@PLT nanophotosensitizers was attributed to its heterojunction structure that broadens the absorption spectra, whereas PLT membrane coating technology allows for immune escape and selective adhesion capacity to cancer cells. This work provided a novel pathway on the design of novel visible‐light‐driven photosensitizer for cancer therapy. | 10782 | Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics | 1 | 2204 | Biomedical Engineering | 22 | Engineering | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2152124555 | Assessment in Emergent Literacy | "Assessment in Emergent Literacy." International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 57(1), pp. 121–122 | 13532 | Education Systems and Policy | 0.9036 | 3304 | Education | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W7100434014 | Activation and habituation in olfaction—An fMRI study. NeuroImage 13: 547–560 | This study investigated human BOLD responses in primary and higher order olfactory cortices following presentation of short- and long-duration odorant stimuli using a 3-T MR scanner. The goal was to identify temporal differences in the course of the response that might underlie habituation. A short-duration stimulus (9 s) consistently activated the primary olfactory cortex (POC). After a long stimulus (60 s), the temporal form of the response differed in different parts of the olfactory network: (1) The POC (piriform, entorhinal cortex, amygdala) and, interestingly, the hippocampus and, to a certain degree, the anterior insula show a short, phasic increase in the signal, followed by a prolonged decrease below baseline. (2) In the orbitofrontal cortex a sustained increase in activation was seen. This increase lasted approximately as long as the duration of odorant presentation (�60 s). (3) The mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the caudate nucleus responded with an increase in signal which returned to baseline after approximately 15 to 30 s. The correlated biphasic hemodynamic response in the POC, hippocampus, and anterior insula during prolonged olfactory stimulation suggests that these three areas may interact closely with each other in the control of habituation. These results extend recent data which showed habituation of the rat piriform cortex and dissociation between the POC and the orbitofrontal cortex. © 2001 Academic Press Key Words: brain mapping; habituation; human; magnetic resonance imaging; neurons; physiology; odors; olfactory pathways; reaction time; odorant; physiological; stimulation | 10971 | Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies | 0.9988 | 2809 | Sensory Systems | 28 | Neuroscience | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2247580642 | Contact Processes in Grinding | The relevance of investigating the problem of loading a diamond abrasive tool with a metallic binder to improve the efficiency of finishing treatment of a wide range of high-strength materials is addressed in the paper. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the formation of a greasy layer on the surface of diamond wheels in the treatment of high-strength materials are shown. In the theoretical part it is proposed to consider this phenomenon in terms of the equilibrium state of electrochemical potentials at the interface of a diamond wheel and the treated surface. Dependences are revealed that help to determine greasy layer values. The practical part of this work consists in electron-microscopic, spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction studies of wheel specimens with a metallic binder in diamond grinding. Based on the results obtained the composition and structure of a greasy layer are determined. A comparison of the experimental data with the calculated values confirms the adequacy of the proposed theory. The use of combined methods to improve the efficiency of machining high-strength materials is recommended. It can help to reduce the intensity of loading and to improve the cutting properties of diamond abrasive tools with a metallic binder | 11301 | Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques | 1 | 2204 | Biomedical Engineering | 22 | Engineering | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2146062058 | Population Aging and Economic Growth in China | China's future population structure can be projected with reasonable confidence. In recent decades, China has had a 'demographic window of opportunity', in which a large and growing proportion of the population have been of working age. This process is now stalling and will soon reverse. | 12781 | Global Health Care Issues | 0.9775 | 3600 | General Health Professions | 36 | Health Professions | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1972082679 | The Effect of Growth and Measurement Temperature on the Activity of the Alternative Respiratory Pathway1 | Abstract A postulated role of the CN-resistant alternative respiratory pathway in plants is the maintenance of mitochondrial electron transport at low temperatures that would otherwise inhibit the main phosphorylating pathway and prevent the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species. This role is supported by the observation that alternative oxidase protein levels often increase when plants are subjected to growth at low temperatures. We used oxygen isotope fractionation to measure the distribution of electrons between the main and alternative pathways in mung bean (Vigna radiata) and soybean (Glycine max) following growth at low temperature. The amount of alternative oxidase protein in mung bean grown at 19°C increased over 2-fold in both hypocotyls and leaves compared with plants grown at 28°C but was unchanged in soybean cotyledons grown at 14°C compared with plants grown at 28°C. When the short-term response of tissue respiration was measured over the temperature range of 35°C to 9°C, decreases in the activities of both main and alternative pathway respiration were observed regardless of the growth temperature, and the relative partitioning of electrons to the alternative pathway generally decreased as the temperature was lowered. However, cold-grown mung bean plants that up-regulated the level of alternative oxidase protein maintained a greater electron partitioning to the alternative oxidase when measured at temperatures below 19°C supporting a role for the alternative pathway in response to low temperatures in mung bean. This response was not observed in soybean cotyledons, in which high levels of alternative pathway activity were seen at both high and low temperatures. | 10303 | Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms | 0.9983 | 1312 | Molecular Biology | 13 | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4253019892 | 2. Resolution of the General Assembly Creating the Special Committee on Palestine, May 15, 1947 | An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content. | 10749 | International Law and Human Rights | 0.9617 | 3320 | Political Science and International Relations | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4407555055 | Experimental Validation of Numerical Simulation Model for No‐Load Hybrid Greenhouse Solar Dryer | ABSTRACT This study is concerned with the development of a finite element (FE) model using COMSOL Multiphysics for hybrid greenhouse dryers in humid subtropical climate of Ranchi, under no‐load condition. The temperature and humidity distribution in the dryer was visualized using the FE model and compared against experimental data to evaluate its reliability in simulating dryer behavior. The performance evaluation conducted under no load condition showed that the efficiency of the proposed dryer was 42.35% and maximum overall convective heat transfer coefficient was 6.27 W/m 2 °C. The temperature inside the dryer ranged from 55°C to 80°C, while the relative humidity ranged from 37% to 45%. The developed FE model using COMSOL Multiphysics software, shows a close agreement between experimental and predicted results with a lower statistical error. Overall, this study's findings suggest that the hybrid greenhouse dryer could be a useful tool for drying crops in humid subtropical climates and the FEM could be a valuable tool for future research. | 12093 | Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control | 0.9983 | 1110 | Plant Science | 11 | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4400001138 | Why study the UGP gene in grafted woody plants? | Grafting is a technique for cultivating commercial fruit species that guarantees genetic characteristics using selected clones. However, candidate genes involved in the re-establishment of grafted woody plants remain poorly understood. In this way, our manuscript aimed to present current knowledge on UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) gene expression and its enzymatic activity (UGPase) by incorporating Brazilian wild to elucidate the role of “players” in re-establishing post-grafting in woody species. Considerable benefits were observed in grafted plants, explained by the correlation between gene expression, such as that of UGP, and UGPase biosynthesis and enzymatic activity. This enzyme is directly responsible for cell wall formation, which explains faster tissue formation in some grafting combinations than others. Besides, UGP promotes the re-establishment of the vascular connection in plant grafting, thus regulating short- and long-term grafting compatibility in woody plants. These crucial experiments are also highly relevant to many nurseries. In this study, we report that the Annona genus is a valuable plant model for studying plant grafting in wood species. | 12660 | Plant Disease Management Techniques | 0.9995 | 1110 | Plant Science | 11 | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1544464869 | Two distinct oncornaviruses harbor an intracytoplasmic tyrosine-based basolateral targeting signal in their viral envelope glycoprotein | It has been clearly established that the budding of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), a lentivirus, occurs specifically through the basolateral membrane in polarized epithelial cells. More recently, the signal was assigned to a tyrosine-based motif located in the intracytoplasmic domain of the envelope glycoprotein, as previously observed on various other viral and cellular basolateral proteins. In the present study, expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) or Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope glycoproteins was used for trans-complementation of an envelope-negative HIV-1. This demonstrated the potential of oncornaviral retrovirus envelope glycoproteins to confer polarized basolateral budding in epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK cells). Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the importance of a common motif encompassing at least one crucial membrane-proximal intracytoplasmic tyrosine residue. The conservation of a similar basolateral maturation signal in different retroviruses further supports its importance in the biology of this group of viruses. | 12159 | T-cell and Retrovirus Studies | 1 | 2403 | Immunology | 24 | Immunology and Microbiology | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2398101994 | Pupillary and Vascular Effects of Calcium Antagonists in Migraine | In migraine patients the effects of calcium antagonists (flunarizine, verapamil and nifedipine) on both venous and pupillary neuromuscular functions, as well as on blood pressure have been evaluated. A single oral dose of flunarizine (10 mg) and verapamil infusion (50 μg/ml/min) increased venous compliance. Verapamil also counteracted dose-dependent dopamine induced venoconstriction. Nifedipine (10 mg orally) reduced mean arterial pressure in upright position in migraineurs but not in controls. In addition, chronic treatment with flunarizine (10 mg for 2 weeks) induced a transient miotic effect and a reduction of tyramine induced mydriasis. These findings demonstrated that calcium antagonists affect vascular and extra-vascular structures. It is postulated that, in migraine, calcium entry blockers may prevent exaggerated responses to catecholaminergic stimulation. | 10498 | Migraine and Headache Studies | 0.9985 | 2738 | Psychiatry and Mental health | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4237968196 | Decision letter: Shank is a dose-dependent regulator of Cav1 calcium current and CREB target expression | Full text Figures and data Side by side Abstract Introduction Results Discussion Materials and methods References Decision letter Author response Article and author information Metrics Abstract Shank is a post-synaptic scaffolding protein that has many binding partners. Shank mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) are linked to several psychiatric disorders, and to synaptic and behavioral defects in mice. It is not known which Shank binding partners are responsible for these defects. Here we show that the C. elegans SHN-1/Shank binds L-type calcium channels and that increased and decreased shn-1 gene dosage alter L-channel current and activity-induced expression of a CRH-1/CREB transcriptional target (gem-4 Copine), which parallels the effects of human Shank copy number variations (CNVs) on Autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. These results suggest that an important function of Shank proteins is to regulate L-channel current and activity induced gene expression. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18931.001 Introduction Shank is a synaptic scaffolding protein (containing SH3, Ankyrin, PDZ, proline-rich and SAM domains) (Grabrucker et al., 2011). Because Shank is highly enriched in the post-synaptic densities of excitatory synapses, prior studies have focused on the idea that Shank proteins regulate some aspect of synapse formation or function. Through its various domains, Shank proteins bind hundreds of other synaptic proteins (Lee et al., 2011; Sakai et al., 2011) thereby potentially altering diverse cellular functions. Shank proteins have been implicated in synaptic transmission, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, and cytoskeletal remodeling (Jiang and Ehlers, 2013). Mammals have three Shank genes, each encoding multiple isoforms (Jiang and Ehlers, 2013). Several mouse Shank knockouts have been described but these mutants exhibit inconsistent (often contradictory) synaptic and behavioral defects (Jiang and Ehlers, 2013), most likely resulting from differences in which Shank isoforms are impacted by each mutation. The biochemical mechanism by which Shank mutations alter synaptic function and behavior has not been determined. In humans, Shank mutations and CNVs are linked to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), schizophrenia, and mania (Durand et al., 2007; Peça et al., 2011). Haploinsufficiency for 22q13 (which spans the Shank3 locus) occurs in Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS), a syndromic form of ASD (Phelan and McDermid, 2012). PMS patients exhibit autistic behaviors accompanied by hypotonia, delayed speech, and intellectual disability (ID) (Bonaglia et al., 2011). Heterozygous inactivating Shank3 mutations are found in sporadic ASD and schizophrenia (Durand et al., 2007; Peça et al., 2011). These genetic studies suggest that decreased Shank3 function likely plays an important role in the pathophysiology of these psychiatric disorders. A parallel set of genetic studies suggest that increased Shank3 function also contributes to psychiatric diseases. 22q13 duplications spanning Shank3 are found in ASD, schizophrenia, ADHD, and bipolar disorder (Durand et al., 2007; Failla et al., 2007; Han et al., 2013). These 22q13 duplications involve multiple genes; consequently, the contribution of increased Shank3 to these psychiatric disorders was uncertain. To address this issue, a transgenic mouse model was developed that selectively over-expresses Shank3 (Han et al., 2013). This transgenic mouse exhibited hyperactive behavior and susceptibility to seizures. Taken together, these studies suggest that too little or too much Shank3 is associated with several psychiatric disorders. If Shank3 mutations and CNVs are causally associated with these psychiatric disorders, cellular and circuit phenotypes should also be sensitive to Shank3 copy number. Consistent with this idea, several defects have been reported in Shank3+/- heterozygotes, including: decreased mEPSC frequency and spine density (Zhou et al., 2016), decreased Ih current density (Yi et al., 2016), decreased TRPV1 current density (Han et al., 2016), increased tactile sensitivity (Orefice et al., 2016), and decreased post-synaptic Homer abundance (Wang et al., 2016). Increased Shank expression was associated with increased spine density in hippocampus and decreased inhibitory synapses (Han et al., 2013). In many cases (Han et al., 2013; Orefice et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2016), it was not determined if these phenotypes are a cell autonomous consequence of altered Shank3 copy number. While these studies identify cellular deficits associated with Shank3 CNVs, it remains unclear which Shank binding partners and cellular functions are responsible for psychiatric traits, nor why these traits are sensitive to both increased and decreased Shank gene dosage. To further investigate how Shank proteins regulate nervous system development and function, we analyzed Shank function in an invertebrate genetic model. Here we show that C. elegans SHN-1 is a dose-sensitive regulator of Cav1 calcium current and CREB induced gene expression in C. elegans body muscles. Results The SHN-1 PDZ domain binds EGL-19/Cav1 channels C. elegans has a single Shank gene, shn-1. The SHN-1 protein lacks an SH3 domain but has all other domains found in mammalian Shank proteins (Figure 1A). Many protein ligands have been identified for the Shank PDZ domain (Lee et al., 2011). Of these potential binding partners, we focused on EGL-19/Cav1 because human CACNA1C (which encodes a Cav1 α-subunit) is mutated in Timothy Syndrome (TS), a rare monogenic form of ASD (Splawski et al., 2005, 2004), and polymorphisms linked to CACNA1C are associated with multiple psychiatric disorders (Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, 2013). We confirmed that SHN-1's PDZ domain binds the EGL-19 carboxy-terminal motif (-VTTLCOOH) by both yeast two-hybrid and GST-pull down assays (Figure 1—figure supplement 1A and B). Thus, like their mammalian counterparts, SHN-1 binds to EGL-19/ Cav1 (Zhang et al., 2005). Figure 1 with 1 supplement see all Download asset Open asset SHN-1 promotes EGL-19/Cav1 channel function. (A) The protein domains found in SHN-1 and rat Shank3A are compared. SHN-1 lacks an SH3 domain but contains all other domains found in mammalian Shank proteins. Homology between the worm and mammalian protein is shown for each domain. (B–F) Voltage-activated Ca+2 currents were recorded from adult body wall muscles of the indicated genotypes at holding potentials of −60 to +40 mV. Averaged traces (B), mean current density as a function of holding potential (C), normalized conductance as a function of holding potential (D), mean current density at 10 mV (E), and mean deactivation time constants (F) are shown. shn-1 mutants had significantly decreased Ca+2 current-density and this defect was rescued by a single copy transgene expressing SHN-1 in body muscles (nuSi26) (D). No significant differences were observed for voltage-dependence of current activation and de-activation kinetics. The number of animals analyzed is indicated for each genotype. Values that differ significantly from wild type controls are indicated (***p<0.001). Error bars indicate SEM. Mean, standard errors, sample sizes, and p values for this figure are shown in Supplementary file 1. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18931.002 EGL-19/Cav1 calcium currents are diminished in shn-1 mutants The impact of Shank binding on Cav1.3 function has been assessed by over-expression in Xenopus oocytes and in cultured neurons (Stanika et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2005) but has not been tested in mutant or transgenic animals. Because shn-1 is expressed in muscles (Stefanakis et al., 2015), we assayed EGL-19/Cav1 channel function by recording voltage-activated calcium currents in body muscle, using salines containing potassium channel blockers (TEA and 4AP). In these conditions, the remaining voltage-activated inward current is entirely blocked by the EGL-19 antagonist nemadipine (Lainé et al., 2011). In shn-1(tm488) null mutants, calcium current density was significantly decreased (Figure 1B,C,E). Neither the voltage-dependence of calcium current activation (Figure 1D) nor the deactivation kinetics (Figure 1F) were altered in shn-1(tm488) null mutants. The shn-1 calcium current defect was rescued by a transgene restoring SHN-1 expression in body muscles (Figure 1E), confirming that SHN-1 has a cell autonomous effect on EGL-19/Cav1 currrent. To determine if SHN-1's effects on calcium currents were specific, we measured voltage-activated potassium currents in body muscles (Figure 1—figure supplement 1C). Neither the voltage-dependence nor the current density of fast and slow potassium currents were significantly altered in shn-1 mutants. Collectively, these results suggest that SHN-1 specifically regulates the expression or function of EGL-19/Cav1 channels. SHN-1 binding to EGL-19 increases Cav1 current density SHN-1 effects on calcium current density could result from direct binding of SHN-1 to EGL-19/Cav1 or indirectly via other SHN-1 binding partners. We did several experiments to distinguish between these possibilities. First, we utilized CRISPR to isolate two deletion alleles that alter the EGL-19 carboxy-terminus (nu495 and nu496) (Figure 2A). Both deletion mutants exhibited decreased calcium current density (similar to the defect observed in shn-1 null mutants) (Figure 2B–C). The egl-19(nu496) mutation had no effect on the voltage-dependence of calcium current activation nor on deactivation kinetics (Figure 2—figure supplement 1A and B). The egl-19(nu496) and shn-1 null mutations did not have additive effects on calcium current density in double mutants, as would be predicted if SHN-1's effects on calcium current require direct binding to EGL-19's carboxy-terminus (Figure 2D and E). To further examine the functional impact of the SHN-1 PDZ interaction with EGL-19, we analyzed shn-1(ok1241) mutants, which have an in-frame deletion spanning exons encoding the PDZ domain and part of the proline-rich domain (Figure 1—figure supplement 1D). The shn-1(ok1241) mutants exhibited a decrease in calcium current density similar to those observed in shn-1 null and the egl-19 carboxy-terminal deletion mutants and had no effect on voltage-dependence of current activation nor on deactivation kinetics (Figure 2—figure supplement 1C–F). Collectively, these results suggest that SHN-1 binding to EGL-19's carboxy-terminus promotes the expression or function of L-type calcium channels. Figure 2 with 1 supplement see all Download asset Open asset SHN-1 binding to EGL-19's carboxy-terminus promotes the expression or function of L-type calcium channels. (A) Predicted c-terminal sequences of mutant EGL-19 proteins are shown. egl-19(nu496) is a 22 bp deletion and egl-19(nu495) is a 5 bp deletion, both resulting in frame shifts that delete the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of EGL-19 (-VTTLCOOH). Residues in blue represent the PDZ ligand. Residues in red represent those introduced by the frame shift mutations. (B–E) Voltage-activated Ca+2 currents were recorded from adult body wall muscles of the indicated genotypes at holding potentials of −60 to +40 mV. Representative traces (B), mean current density at 0 mV (C, E), and mean current density as a function of holding potential (D) are shown. The egl-19(nu496) and shn-1(tm488) single mutants had similar decreases in Ca+2 current-density, and additive defects were not observed in the double mutant. The number of animals analyzed is indicated for each genotype. Values that differ significantly from wild type controls are indicated (***p<0.001). Error bars indicate SEM. Mean, standard errors, sample sizes, and p values for this figure are shown in Supplementary file 1. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18931.004 SHN-1 promotes trafficking of EGL-19 channels to the cell surface SHN-1 effects on calcium current could result from a change in EGL-19 delivery to the cell surface. We performed two further experiments to test this idea. First, we measured the gating currents of voltage-activated channels in body muscles (Figure 3A–B). The activation of Cav channels is mediated by depolarization-induced movements of positively charged residues in membrane-spanning S4 helices, which are termed gating charges. When there is no net calcium current (by holding the muscle membrane at the reversal potential), gating charge movement can be measured as a small voltage-activated current. The magnitude of gating currents can be used as a measure of Cav channel surface abundance (Fu et al., 2011; Hulme et al., 2006). The total voltage activated gating charge in body muscles was significantly reduced in shn-1 null mutants (Figure 3B). This shn-1 mutant defect in gating charge is unlikely to result from decreased surface delivery of other voltage-activated channels because voltage-activated potassium currents were unaltered in shn-1 mutants (Figure 1—figure supplement 1C). Thus, analysis of gating currents suggests that the decreased calcium current exhibited in shn-1 mutants arises from decreased trafficking of EGL-19/Cav1 channels to the cell surface. Figure 3 Download asset Open asset SHN-1 promotes EGL-19/Cav1 delivery to the cell surface. (A–B) Voltage-activating gating currents were significantly decreased in shn-1 null mutants. Averaged trace of gating current in wild type adult body muscles (A) and mean gating charge (normalized to capacitance) (B) are shown. (C–G) Surface delivery of the Terrier fusion protein is significantly reduced in shn-1 null mutants. (C) A schematic illustrating the structure of the Terrier fusion protein is shown. (D) A schematic illustrating the imaged region (left) and representative images of Terrier pHluorin fluorescence in the nerve ring are shown. Mean pHluorin puncta intensity (E), pHluorin puncta area (F), and total pHluorin puncta fluorescence (G) are shown. Regions of interest utilized to quantify Terrier fluorescence are indicated (D). The number of animals analyzed is indicated for each genotype. Values that differ significantly from wild type controls are indicated (**p<0.01, *p<0.05). Error bars indicate SEM. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18931.006 To further investigate SHN-1's effects on EGL-19 trafficking, we designed a fluorescent reporter construct containing a trans-membrane domain fused to EGL-19's cytoplasmic tail domain (504 amino acids), which includes the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand (Figure 3C). This chimeric protein (designated Terrier to indicate the presence of EGL-19's cytoplasmic tail) was expressed in body muscles. The Terrier protein contains tagRFP in the cytoplasmic domain, and pHluorin (a pH-sensitive GFP) in the ectodomain (Figure 3C). Thus, red fluorescence reports total Terrier protein while green fluorescence reports surface Terrier molecules. When expressed in body muscles, Terrier exhibits a punctate green and red fluorescence in the nerve ring, where body muscles receive synaptic input (Figure 3C–D). In shn-1 null mutants, the intensity and size of green Terrier puncta were significantly decreased (Figure 3D–G), indicating decreased surface Terrier protein in the nerve ring. Thus, decreased calcium current density (20%) in shn-1 mutants was mirrored by similar decreases in gating charge (26%) and total surface Terrier fluorescence (36%). Collectively, these results suggest that the decreased calcium current in shn-1 null mutants arises from decreased delivery of EGL-19/Cav1 channels to the cell surface. gem-4 is an activity-induced CRH-1/CREB target expressed in muscles Increased cytoplasmic calcium activates expression of a large number genes, hereafter designated activity-induced gene expression. Although Cav1 channels account for a small fraction of bulk calcium entry in neurons, Cav1 channels account for the majority of activity-induced gene expression (Ma et al., 2012). This privileged ability of Cav1 channels to activate gene expression is thought to be mediated by direct physical coupling of Cav1 channels to the calcium sensors responsible for activating CREB (Deisseroth et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2008). Because shn-1 mutations alter EGL-19/Cav1 current, we hypothesized that SHN-1 may also play a role in activity-induced gene expression. To test this idea, we first identified activity-induced muscle genes. We analyzed gene expression following depolarization of body muscles with a nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) agonist (levamisole, Lev). Lev-induced genes were identified using the Affymetrix C. elegans gene chip. This analysis identified 427 genes whose expression was significantly increased following muscle depolarization (>2 fold change, FDR p<0.05) (Figure 4, Supplementary file 2). 67% (287/427) of Lev-induced genes contain binding sites for the myogenic transcription factor HLH-1 (<5 kb from the transcriptional start site, TSS) in chromatin-immunoprecipitation experiments (http://www.modencode.org), suggesting that these genes are expressed in body muscles. Of the HLH-1 binding genes, 81% (233/287) contain predicted CREB binding sites (<5 kb from the TSS). These results suggest that C. elegans body muscles (like other excitable cells) have a large number of activity-induced genes, many of which are potential CREB transcriptional targets. Using this Lev-induced gene list, we devised a simple reporter assay for CREB induced gene expression. For this purpose, we focused on the gem-4/Copine gene, which was the top hit from our analysis of Lev-induced genes (induced ~30 fold) (Figure 4). The gem-4 promoter contains multiple CRH-1/CREB binding sites, implying that it could be a direct CRH-1 transcriptional target. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that Lev treatment increased gem-4 mRNA levels 8-fold (Figure 5A). We designed a transcriptional reporter (Figure 5B) that compares expression of the gem-4 promoter (expressing NLS-GFP) with a control promoter unaffected by depolarization (the myo-3 promoter, expressing NLS-mCherry) in individual muscle cells. Using this reporter, we found that Lev treatment increased gem-4 expression 8–12-fold (Figure 5C–D) while myo-3 expression was unaltered (Figure 5—figure supplement 1A). Lev-induction of the gem-4 reporter was eliminated by mutations inactivating a Lev receptor subunit (UNC-29), indicating that gem-4 induction was not mediated by an off target effect of Lev (Figure 5C). Lev-induction of gem-4 was also blocked in mutants lacking CRH-1/CREB and this defect was rescued by a transgene expressing CRH-1 in body muscles (Figure 5D). These results identify gem-4 as a CRH-1/CREB target expressed in body muscles. Figure 4 Download asset Open asset Analysis of mRNA abundance following muscle depolarization. mRNA abundance in Lev (200 µM, 1 hr) versus mock treated synchronized L4 larvae is plotted. Fold change (x-axis) is plotted against the statistical significance (y-axis) for each probeset. Fold changes are shown in log2 scale. Adjusted P values are shown in - log10 scale. Genes with increased (red dots) and decreased (green dots) expression are indicated (>2 Fold-change, FDR p<0.05). Probe sets corresponding to gem-4 and cex-1 are indicated. All genes that are differentially expressed following Lev treatment are listed in Supplementary file 2. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18931.007 Figure 5 with 1 supplement see all Download asset Open asset gem-4 Copine expression in body muscle is induced by depolarization. Induction of gem-4 expression was analyzed by qPCR (A) and using a transcriptional reporter (B–H). (A) The abundance of gem-4 mRNA (assessed by qPCR) was increased following 1 hr levamisole (Lev) exposure. The number of biological replicates is indicated. (B) A schematic diagram of the gem-4 reporter construct (left) and representative images of muscle nuclei (right) before and after a 20 min Lev exposure, and 2 hr recovery. (C–D) The mean fold induction of the gem-4 reporter (Pgem-4) after Lev treatment is shown. Lev-induced gem-4 expression was abolished in mutants lacking UNC-29, an essential subunit of the Lev receptor (C) and in mutants lacking the transcription factor CRH-1 (D). The crh-1 mutant defect in gem-4 induction was rescued by a transgene expressing CRH-1 in body muscles (D). (E) Expression of the gem-4 reporter was measured following photo-stimulation of transgenic animals that express ChR2 in cholinergic motorneurons. Expression of gem-4 was significantly increased by 2, 5, 10, and 20 Hz photo-stimulation (for 20 min). Photo-evoked gem-4 expression was not observed when animals were not cultured with ATR. (F–G) The fold induction of the gem-4 reporter following Lev exposure was significantly reduced in shn-1 null mutants (F) but not in shn-1(ok1241) mutants, which lack the PDZ domain (G). Lev-induced gem-4 expression was significantly increased in egl-19(nu496) mutants, which lack the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand (H). (I–J) Lev induction of the cex-1 reporter is significantly reduced in shn-1 mutants. (I) Schematics of the cex-1 and myo-3 reporters are shown. (J) Expression of the cex-1 reporter (normalized to myo-3 expression in the same nucleus) was significantly increased by Lev treatment. The Lev-induced expression of the cex-1 reporter was significantly reduced in shn-1 mutants. The number of animals analyzed is indicated for each genotype. Values that differ significantly from wild type controls are indicated (***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05). Error bars indicate SEM. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18931.008 Lev treatment is a non-physiological stimulus that produces prolonged muscle depolarization. To determine if synaptic activity induces the gem-4 reporter, we evoked excitatory synaptic input to muscles by photo-stimulating transgenic animals expressing channel rhodopsin in cholinergic motor neurons (Figure 5E). In patch clamp recordings of body muscles, spontaneous action potentials are observed at ~1 Hz (Gao and Zhen, 2011). Therefore, to mimic a realistic pattern of synaptic input, we photo-stimulated motor neurons (25 ms light pulse) at 1–20 Hz for 20 min. The gem-4 reporter was significantly induced following 2, 5, 10, and 20 Hz photo-stimulation (Figure 5E). Induction was not observed at lower frequencies (0.5 and 1 Hz) nor when animals were cultured without all trans-retinal (ATR) (Figure 5E). Photo-induction of gem-4 expression was eliminated in unc-13 mutants (Figure 5—figure supplement 1B), which have dramatically reduced synaptic vesicle exocytosis (Richmond et al., 1999). By contrast, unc-13 mutations did not prevent Lev-induced gem-4 expression (Figure 5—figure supplement 1C). Similar levels of gem-4 induction were produced by 20 Hz photo-stimulation and Lev treatment (Figure 5—figure supplement 1B–C). Thus, the gem-4 reporter was induced by both synaptic and Lev-evoked muscle depolarization. Expression of a mouse gem-4 paralog (N-copine) in hippocampal neurons is also induced by high frequency stimulation of acute brain slices (Nakayama et al., 1998); consequently, activity-induced copine expression is observed in both muscles and neurons and is conserved across phylogeny. SHN-1 is required for gem-4 induction Using this gem-4 reporter construct, we next asked if SHN-1 is required for CRH-1/CREB-induced gene expression. Lev-induced gem-4 expression was significantly decreased in shn-1(tm488) null mutants (Figure 5F). To determine if SHN-1 controls expression of other activity-induced genes, we developed a transcriptional reporter for a second Lev-induced gene (cex-1) 4 and Expression of the cex-1 reporter in body muscles was dramatically induced following Lev treatment (Figure Because cex-1 expression in muscles could not be we were to measure the of the cex-1 reporter following Lev treatment. with the gem-4 reporter, we found that Lev-induced cex-1 expression in muscles was dramatically reduced in shn-1 null mutants (Figure Taken together, these results the idea that SHN-1 promotes activity-induced gene expression in body muscles. we asked if gem-4 induction binding of SHN-1's PDZ domain to EGL-19's EGL-19's PDZ ligand egl-19(nu496) significantly increased gem-4 induction while SHN-1's PDZ domain shn-1(ok1241) had no effect on gem-4 induction (Figure These results indicate that SHN-1 regulates EGL-19/Cav1 current and CRH-1/CREB activation by the PDZ binding to EGL-19 while the current and gem-4 induction are sensitive to shn-1 gene and of human genes are both associated with ASD, schizophrenia, and mania (Bonaglia et al., et al., 2007; Failla et al., 2007; et al., Han et al., 2013). If Shank CNVs are causally associated with these psychiatric disorders, cellular phenotypes should be sensitive to Shank copy number. To test this idea, we analyzed the effect of shn-1 gene dosage on calcium currents and Lev-induced gem-4 expression (Figure We analyzed animals with 0 1 2 and 4 single copy shn-1 of shn-1. to wild type muscle calcium current density was significantly increased in animals containing 1 and 4 of shn-1 and was significantly decreased in animals containing 0 of shn-1 (Figure The kinetics of calcium current deactivation were not significantly altered by changes in shn-1 dosage (Figure when to wild type gem-4 induction was significantly diminished in animals containing and 4 shn-1 (Figure Thus, L-type calcium current density and gem-4 induction were both sensitive to shn-1 copy number. increased and decreased shn-1 gene dosage produced similar defects in calcium current and gem-4 Figure Download asset Open asset shn-1 gene dosage regulates calcium current density and gem-4 The effect of shn-1 gene dosage on calcium current density (A–B) and gem-4 induction (C) was The following genotypes were 0 of shn-1 1 copy of shn-1 2 of shn-1 and 4 of shn-1 in (A–B) Ca+2 current was sensitive to changes in shn-1 gene with decreased shn-1 and increased and 4 shn-1 current density observed in the indicated Mean current density as a function of holding potential mean current density at 10 mV (B), and mean current deactivation time constants (C) are shown. (D) Lev-induced gem-4 expression was significantly reduced in animals with and 4 of shn-1. The number of animals analyzed is indicated for each genotype. Values that differ significantly from wild type controls are indicated (***p<0.001; Error bars indicate SEM. Mean, standard errors, sample sizes, and p values for are shown in Supplementary file 1. is not sensitive to shn-1 gene dosage To determine SHN-1's role in synaptic transmission, we recorded excitatory post-synaptic currents from body muscles. were significantly in shn-1 null mutants (Figure The of evoked in wild type and shn-1 mutants were indicating that the kinetics of evoked was unaltered (Figure The and of spontaneous were unaltered in shn-1 mutants (Figure supplement The change in evoked with unaltered mEPSC a change in cholinergic The shn-1 null defect was rescued by expressing SHN-1 in body muscles, implying that SHN-1 functions (Figure The evoked (Figure and (Figure supplement observed in animals with 2, and 4 shn-1 were not significantly indicating that synaptic is not sensitive to shn-1 copy number. Similar results were reported in where in the was in but this effect was not observed in et al., 2016). Figure with 1 supplement see all Download asset Open asset at the is not sensitive to shn-1 gene dosage. were recorded from adult body wall muscles. Representative traces of evoked shn-1 and evoked (normalized to (B), and mean evoked charge (C) are shown. charge was significantly increased in shn-1 and this defect was rescued by a single copy transgene (nuSi26) that SHN-1 expression in body muscles Averaged normalized shn-1 and evoked have and indicating that and kinetics were unaltered charge (D) and (E) did not differ significantly in animals containing 2, and 4 shn-1 The number of animals analyzed is indicated for each genotype. Values | 10617 | Cellular transport and secretion | 0.9316 | 1307 | Cell Biology | 13 | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2118879829 | Measurement and validation of waterlines and surface currents using surf-zone video imaging. | The continuous monitoring of beaches and structures near, or in the surf-zone, has become a vital task from an environmental and economic standpoint. Specifically, the Durban beaches are continually nourished with sand that is dredged south of the Durban Harbour mouth. Constant monitoring is essential to control the erosion and accretion of these beaches. Currently, infrequent and labour-intensive manual surveys are being used to fulfil this task. This dissertation describes ;the techniques used to process and validate surf-zone video images to extract information, which is equivalent but more frequent and cost effective to that obtained using manual surveying methods. The emphasis is on the extraction of accurate hourly waterlines by analysing video images obtained from Coastal Imaging stations located at Addington Beach and North Beach in Durban, South Africa and the measurement of rip currents in the surf-zone from video images together with the validation of these results. The implementation of a neural network incorporating non-local image pixel data is more reliable than previously used methods, for example, grayscale thresholding or the delta-discriminator. Grayscale thresholding relies on the difference between the water and the sand pixel intensities. The delta-discriminator incorporates huesaturation-lightness (HSL) values to improve the discrimination between water and sand. These methods could not, however, overcome the problem of varying seasonal and diurnal light intensities and require the prior choice of threshold values. | 11164 | Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications | 0.9986 | 2305 | Environmental Engineering | 23 | Environmental Science | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W773951931 | Design and Construction of the MTest Detector | The MINER?A (Main Injector Experiment of the ?-A) neutrino detector is a fine-grained, fully active detector which is to be installed along the NuMI (Neutrinos at the Main Injector) beamline upstream of the MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) near detector at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The goal of the MINER?A experiment is to improve understanding of neutrino-nucleus interactions in the 2 GeV -10 GeV energy region. Before the MINER?A experiment can gather useful data however, it must be calibrated. The primary calibration will be made using the MINER?A Meson Test Detector (MTest), which is essentially a smaller version of the MINER?A detector. Once constructed, the MTest detector will be installed in the Meson Test Beam facility at Fermilab, which will provide beams of protons, pions, and electrons at tunable energies. The patterns of energy depositions from interactions of each of these particles in the MTest detector will be used to optimize simulations of the particle interactions in MINER?A. This will provide the energy calibration for the MINER?A detector and help define distinguishing characteristics for different types of particles in MINER?A. | 10921 | Neutrino Physics Research | 0.994 | 3106 | Nuclear and High Energy Physics | 31 | Physics and Astronomy | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4205745284 | Lophornis gouldii: BirdLife International | Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. | 12618 | Botany and Plant Ecology Studies | 0.9506 | 1110 | Plant Science | 11 | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2948242934 | Evaluation of Meditech ABPM-06 ambulatory blood pressure measuring device, according to the European Society of Hypertension, the British Hypertension Society and the International Organization for Standardization Protocol | The devices to be used in clinical practice should be tested for accuracy and should be validated through the validation protocol. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Meditech-ABPM-06 ambulatory blood pressure monitor.The test was carried out in accordance with the protocol established by the European Society of Hypertension (ESH-IP), the British Hypertension Society, and the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2-2013 protocols.In the European Society of Hypertension validation procedure the subjects with two or three of the absolute differences between observer and device SBP/DBP measurements within 5 mmHg were 31/31. The average device-observer difference was -0.4 ± 3.9 mmHg for SBP and -0.4 ± 2.8 mmHg for DBP. In the British Hypertension Society validation procedure the mean differences of the test device and observer readings were -1.0 ± 4.6 (systolic) and -1.1 ± 4.5 (diastolic). In the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2-2013 validation procedure (criterion 1) the mean ± SD of the differences between the test device and reference BP was -0.5 ± 4.0/-0.3 ± 4.5 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). The two criteria of the ANSI/AAMI/ISO were fulfilled.The Meditech ABPM-06 blood pressure measure device met the requirements specified by the British Hypertension Society, the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol and the AAMI, and therefore was considered acceptable to clinical use with a Grade of A/A. | 10144 | Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies | 0.9991 | 2705 | Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2081357859 | On the Necessity of the Interconnection between Law and Morality* | Abstract. By taking issue with Robert Alexy's claim to correctness, I attempt to cast light on the nature of the necessity that pertains to the claim. With respect to it, I argue that it should be understood as deriving from the metaphysical requirements for normative knowledge in general. These requirements are shown to include a general norm of autonomy which is a priori and necessary, and comprises a minimal morality. The line of reasoning is compatible with discourse theory, but does not presuppose it; therefore more far-reaching conclusions can be drawn. | 13877 | Law in Society and Culture | 0.9679 | 3308 | Law | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2029999519 | Mass movements, geotechnical properties, and slope stability in the outer shelf—Upper slope, northwestern Aegean sea | Abstract Subbottom profiling (3.5 kHz) in the uppermost slope of the outer shelf of the northwestern Aegean Sea has shown downslope slumping and intense sediment deformation as well as a succession of microslumping within the Late Pleistocene delta sequences. Postdeposition bottom erosion by currents and the overconsolidated sediments (Cu/Po > 1) indicate the termination of deformations a long time ago. Deformation processes are estimated to have been active 18,000–10,000 B.P. Large‐scale active downslope deformations with clockwise sediment block rotation have affected the area as well. These longer‐period deformations are associated with regional neotectonics and older unconformities (i. e., Plio‐Pleistocene) as potential slide planes. Geotechnical properties reflect mainly textural variations and locally (within sapropelic layers) high organic matter content. Relatively high values of shear strength were measured (5–29 kPa) with intermediate sensitivities (2–5), whereas relatively low values of water content (33–81%) were found along the five selective sediment cores. Infinity slope stability analysis revealed that the slopes in the study area are most stable, although theoretical evaluations (Cu estimated from linear regression analysis) indicate relative instability for the potential glide plane at 20 m depth. The outer shelf is covered by compact relict sands, and their gentle and low‐angle (<0.2°) slopes are the most stable region of the investigated area. | 14047 | Marine and environmental studies | 0.9993 | 1910 | Oceanography | 19 | Earth and Planetary Sciences | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W3042166854 | Qualitative Study On The Perceived Barriers Of A Physical Activity Program In Toddlers: Classroom Teacher Perspective | Toddler children (18 months-2.8 years) spend a significant portion of their day at childcare settings, where they spend most of their time engaged in sedentary activity. Toddler classroom teachers have a considerable influence on toddlers’ physical activity (PA) levels. Due to the toddler classroom environment, teachers may encounter unique age and ability related barriers to the implementation of PA programs. PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the perceived barriers that toddler classroom teachers may face in implementing PA programs to toddlers. METHODS: Toddler classroom teachers from 3 environmentally matched childcare centers from the Springfield MA area participated in this qualitative study. Focus group meetings (n=3) were conducted separately at each center. At each meeting, a semi-structured focus group format and questionnaire were used to guide the sessions. All focus groups were audio-recorded and later transcribed by a primary, secondary, and tertiary trained researchers. Researchers used open coding to identify themes. Representative quotes were selected for each theme to demonstrate saturation of ideas. RESULTS: A total of 15 teachers participated in this study (age = 38.4 ± 12.5; BMI (self-reported) = 26.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2). Teachers had an average of 9.5 ± 8.7 years of experience as toddler classroom teachers (ranging between 1 to 28 years). Teachers perceived barriers to PA were categorized into 3 main themes. The three main themes were 1) essential childcare needs (e.g., regular diaper changes of the toddlers, child supervision), 2) wide variation in cognitive and motor skill abilities of toddlers (e.g., differences in children that just learned to walk versus those that have been walking for an extended period, short attention span) and 3) limited resources and physical space (e.g., limited activity options, small classroom design to hold 9 toddlers). CONCLUSION: This qualitative study provides preliminary evidence that classroom teachers face unique perceived barriers in implementing PA to toddlers. Future research should examine how these perceived barriers can be incorporated into the design and implementation of PA programs designed for toddlers within the childcare center. | 12241 | Children's Physical and Motor Development | 0.992 | 3204 | Developmental and Educational Psychology | 32 | Psychology | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2072910091 | Root Water Uptake: From Three‐Dimensional Biophysical Processes to Macroscopic Modeling Approaches | The process description of plant transpiration and soil water uptake in macroscopic root water uptake models is often based on simplifying assumptions that no longer reflect, or even contradict, the current status of knowledge in plant biology. The sink term in the Richards equation for root water uptake generally comprises four terms: (i) a root resistance function, (ii) a soil resistance function, (iii) a stress function, and (iv) a compensation function. Here we propose to use a detailed three‐dimensional model, which integrates current knowledge of soil and root water flow equations, to deduct a one‐dimensional effective behavior at the plant scale and to propose improvements for the four functions used in the macroscopic sink term. We show that (i) root hydraulic resistance may be well defined by the root length density but only for homogeneous lateral conductances and no limiting xylem conductance—in other cases a new function depending on the root hydraulic architecture should be used; (ii) soil resistance cannot be neglected, in particular in the rhizosphere where specific processes may occur that alter the soil hydraulic properties and therefore affect uptake; (iii) stress and compensation are two different processes, which should not be linked explicitly; (iv) there is a need for a clear definition of compensatory root water uptake independent of water stress; (v) stress functions should be defined as a maximal actual transpiration in function of an integrated root–soil interface water head rather than in terms of local bulk water heads; and (vi) nonlinearity in the stress function is expected to arise if root hydraulic resistances depend on soil matric head or when it is defined as a function of the bulk soil water head. | 11247 | Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism | 0.9988 | 1110 | Plant Science | 11 | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2782203374 | Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in Lactic acid bacteria | Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used to preserve meat, dairy products and fermented or raw vegetables against food-borne human pathogens. Besides, they have potential as biological control agents of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The success of LAB in preventing the growth and activity of undesirable microorganisms is due to different mechanisms of action including the production of bacteriocins. Bacteriocins of LAB are antimicrobial peptides that have attracted much interest in recent years because of their suitability as food preservatives or plant bio pesticides. One of the prospects on the use of bacteriocins is the possibility of increasing its activity. The synthesis of bacteriocins is controlled by complex regulatory systems, therefore it is of great interest to study the factors affecting the expression of bacteriocin biosynthetic genes. \nThe aim of this study was to set up a technique select the reference genes to evaluate the expression levels of some selected LAB bacteriocin genes using a biomolecular approach based on reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Specifically, the bacteriocins selected for the quantification were nisin synthesized by Lactococcus lactis and mesentericin by Leuconostoc mesenteroides. RTqPCR technique allows quantifying the transcript levels of target genes in order to study the influence of environmental conditions in the synthesis of genes. Hence, to set up the technique a reference gene (internal control gene) for the normalization of gene expression values should be selected | 11970 | Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications | 0.9995 | 1312 | Molecular Biology | 13 | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W3012491150 | Evaluation of Strategic Opportunities and Resulting Business Models for SMEs | This chapter focuses on ubiquitous sensing devices, enabled by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies, that cut across every area of modern day living, affecting individuals and businesses and offering the ability to measure and understand environmental indicators. The proliferation of these devices in a communicating-actuating network creates the internet of things (IoT). The IoT provides the tools to establish a major global data-driven ecosystem with its emphasis on Big Data. Currently, business models may focus on the provision of services, i.e., the internet of services (IoS). These models assume the presence and development of the necessary IoT measurement and control instruments, communications infrastructure, and easy access to the data collected and information generated. Different business models may support creating revenue and value for different types of customers. This chapter contributes to the literature by considering, innovatively, knowledge-based management practices, strategic opportunities and resulting business models for third-party data analysis services. | 11891 | Big Data and Business Intelligence | 0.9988 | 1404 | Management Information Systems | 14 | Business, Management and Accounting | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4283074803 | Linking BIM to Power BI and HoloLens 2 to Support Facility Management: A Case Study Approach | Facility lifecycle data captured in BIM during design and construction are very valuable for effective facility operations and maintenance. Traditionally, model authoring and analysis tools have been used to search and query model information. These tools are not well designed to search and display needed data and they require a steep learning curve. In this paper, the authors propose the use of Power BI dashboards to facilitate easy access and display of lifecycle data embedded in the model. The implementation and use of dashboards for facility management are discussed using a case study. The effectiveness and usability of the dashboards are validated using a focus group of six industry experts that were first interviewed then asked to complete a questionnaire. Feedback from interviews indicated that customized dashboards are effective tools to view, analyze and draw insights on data from various sources and can improve facility operations and management. Numerical results from the PSSUQ using fourteen questions indicated positive responses overall with an average score of four or five from the majority of respondents. Finally, the authors tested integration of the Power BI dashboards with the HoloLens 2 to deliver relevant up-to-date facility lifecycle data in near real-time to field staff. | 11006 | BIM and Construction Integration | 0.9999 | 2215 | Building and Construction | 22 | Engineering | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2244652912 | Case report: spontaneous splenic rupture during acute parasitemia of Babesia microti. | Babesia is a malaria-like protozoan parasite spread by Ixodes ticks primarily from the white-footed deer mouse to humans. Typically it causes subclinical disease, but occasionally causes acute febrile disease with hepatosplenomegaly. We report a case of spontaneous splenic rupture of a 56-yr-old man with acute Babesia microti infection. | 11267 | Abdominal Trauma and Injuries | 0.9984 | 2746 | Surgery | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2557358740 | Star Bodies with Completely Symmetric Sections | Abstract We say that a star body $K$ is completely symmetric if it has centroid at the origin and its symmetry group $G$ forces any ellipsoid whose symmetry group contains $G$, to be a ball. In this short note, we prove that if all central sections of a star body $L$ are completely symmetric, then $L$ has to be a ball. A special case of our result states that if all sections of $L$ are origin symmetric and 1-symmetric, then $L$ has to be a Euclidean ball. This answers a question from [12]. Our result is a consequence of a general theorem that we establish, stating that if the restrictions to almost all equators of a real function $f$ defined on the sphere, are isotropic functions, then $f$ is constant a.e. In the last section of this note, applications, improvements, and related open problems are discussed, and two additional open questions from [11] and [12] are answered. | 11830 | Point processes and geometric inequalities | 0.9961 | 2604 | Applied Mathematics | 26 | Mathematics | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W7088102686 | LHD nb4a_fraction #122439.1 (analyzed) | Particle fraction (E, E/2, E/3) of positive-ion-based beam injectors (ion sources) NBI#4A. | 10307 | Head and Neck Cancer Studies | 0.8614 | 2733 | Otorhinolaryngology | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2045571656 | AC Susceptibility of Superconducting La-Sr-Cu-O System | The complex susceptibility χ'- i χ'' of the superconducting La 1.8 -Sr 0.2 -Cu 1 -O 4 was measured. The complete Meissner effect of the whole volume was observed below 20 K, though the transition temperature of the resistance was 36 K (at the midpoint). Both χ' and χ'' are found to be very sensitive to the magnitude of the a.c. magnetic field. The measurements were made on several specimens prepared in different conditions. From these measurements it was concluded that the boundary and the surface of grains play an important role in the superconductivity in this system. | 10037 | Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism | 0.9987 | 3104 | Condensed Matter Physics | 31 | Physics and Astronomy | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W336504552 | Researching the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics: Proceedings of MATHED Intensive Programme 2003 | Researching the teaching and learning of mathematics : Proceedings of MATHED Intensive Programme 2003 | 10130 | Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques | 0.9908 | 3304 | Education | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2063416007 | Corrosion of copper plates in presence of phosphoric acid‐formaldehyde mixtures | The rate of copper dissolution in presence of phosphoric acid‐formaldehyde mixtures were studied by measuring the limiting current which represents the rate of electropolishing. It is found that the rate of dissolution is decreased by increasing H3PO4 concentration, electrode height and mole fraction of formaldehyde. It is found that the decrease in the rate of dissolution ranges from 24 per cent to 63.88 per cent depends on the mole fraction of formaldehyde. The thermodynamic parameter ΔH* ΔG* ΔS* was calculated. | 10310 | Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition | 0.9571 | 2505 | Materials Chemistry | 25 | Materials Science | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W3100926317 | Light fermionic NNLO QCD corrections to top-antitop production in the quark-antiquark channel | We present the NNLO corrections to top pair production in the quark-antiquark channel proportional to the number of light quark flavors N l . While the double real corrections were derived previously, here we compute the real-virtual and virtual-virtual contributions in this partonic channel. Using the antenna subtraction formalism, we show that the subtraction terms correctly approximate the real-virtual contributions in all their infrared limits. Combined with the integrated forms of the double real and real-virtual subtraction terms, we show analytically that the explicit infrared poles cancel at the real-virtual and virtual-virtual levels respectively, thereby demonstrating the validity of the massive extension of the NNLO antenna formalism. These NNLO corrections are implemented in a Monte Carlo parton level generator providing full kinematical information on an event-by event basis. With this program, NNLO differential distributions in the form of binned histograms are obtained and presented here. | 10048 | Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies | 1 | 3106 | Nuclear and High Energy Physics | 31 | Physics and Astronomy | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2314034361 | Frege's Theory of Judgement. | Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Frege’s Theory of Judgement. By David Bell. (Oxford: Clarendon Press: O.U.P. 1979. Pp. xii+166. Price £8.50) Peter Long Peter Long Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 30, Issue 120, July 1980, Pages 254–255, https://doi.org/10.2307/2219252 Published: 01 July 1980 | 10258 | Philosophy and Theoretical Science | 0.9849 | 3205 | Experimental and Cognitive Psychology | 32 | Psychology | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2016837137 | The Variation in Chemical Composition of Swedish Oats | Abstract The chemical composition of 121 samples of oats grown in Sweden was investigated. On average, the grains contained 46.2% starch, 32.3% total fibre, 11.6% crude protein, 5.7% crude fat, 3.0% ash and small amounts of free glucose, fructose, sucrose and fructans. The mean values of the free sugars showed the highest coefficients of variation and that of starch the lowest. The range of variation of the main constituents was 17.7%-units for total fibre, 15.9%-units for starch and 7.4%-units for crude protein. Highly significant (p< 0.001) negative coefficients of regression were obtained of total fibre (-0.75), crude protein (-0.19) and ash (-0.04) on starch. Further analysis of fibre constituents in 16 samples with widely differing starch contents revealed a close relationship between total fibre, calculated by difference, and dietary fibre, analysed as non-starch polysaccharides and Klason lignin. Cellulose, arabinoxylans, ß-glucans and Klason lignin were the major components of the dietary fibe. Xylose residues showed the highest variation in mean value. Significant correlations were obtained between all pairs of combinations of dietary fibre, arabinoxylans, cellulose, crude fibre and thousand kernel weight, while no significant correlations were found between ß-glucans or Klason lignin and any of the other fibre variables determined. Key Words: oatschemical compositioncarbohydratesdietary fibres | 10140 | Food composition and properties | 0.9984 | 2916 | Nutrition and Dietetics | 29 | Nursing | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1841493855 | Predictive value of brachial reactive hyperemia and flow-mediated dilation in stable coronary artery disease | BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of a single measurement of reactive hyperemia (RH) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients with established stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: RH and brachial artery FMD were ultrasonographically measured in 325 patients with stable CAD. Patients were followed for cerebro-cardiovascular events. The median follow-up was 3.7 years (range 0.01–5.7 years). RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients (20.6%) had an cerebro-cardiovascular event. Patients with subsequent events had lower FMD (4.9 ± 3.3% versus 6.3 ± 3.5%, p = 0.003), higher brachial artery resting diameter (5.1 ± 0.7 mm versus 4.8 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.002) and lower NMD (11.2 ± 5.1% versus 12.8 ± 5.4%, p = 0.02), while the mean hyperemic flow velocity and shear stress did not differ from patients without cerebro-cardiovascular events. Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for sex, age, BMI, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors revealed a hazard ratio of 0.84 for lower FMD (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that single spot measurements of peak RH do not provide long-term prognostic information, but evaluation of conduit artery FMD predicts long-term cerebro-cardiovascular events in patients with stable CAD. The prognostic value of FMD is incremental to traditional cardiovascular risk factors and may therefore be of clinical importance. | 10924 | Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention | 0.9995 | 2705 | Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2385429634 | Growth characteristics of photoautotrophic biofilm in Donghu Lake in Wuhan. | Photoautotrophic biofilms were cultured and collected in different water layers of the Donghu Lake of Wuhan City from October to November 2005 in an experiment to study characteristics of their growth and activity. Several parameters including biomass, extracelluar polysaccharides, COD and dehydrogenase, were determined. Results show that the photoautotrophic biofilms in different depths experienced four growth periods like "latent adaptation period, growing period, abscising period, and regrowing period". The photoautotrophic biofilm growing in the water 20 cm in depth was higher than those in the water 100 cm in depth in growth rate, biomass and activity. The findings indicate that the physiological characteristics of the photoautotrophic biofilm in hypereutrophic water are quite similar to those in the clean natural water and eutrophication doesn't have significant effect on the growth of biofilm. | 11791 | Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology | 0.8955 | 2303 | Ecology | 23 | Environmental Science | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2744070690 | Novel<i>SOX17</i>frameshift mutations in endometrial cancer are functionally distinct from recurrent missense mutations | Extensive genomic profiling for endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) has pointed to genes and pathways important in uterine development as critical mediators of endometrial tumorigenesis. SOX17 is a developmental transcription factor necessary for proper endoderm formation that has been implicated as a tumor suppressor and shown to modulate WNT signaling. <i>SOX17</i> mutation analysis in 539 primary EECs revealed frequent missense and frameshift mutations with an overall 11.5% mutation rate. More than half the mutations identified were frameshifts (32 of 62), and the hotspot missense changes, p.Ala96Gly and p.Ser403Ile, were seen in 14 tumors. None of the cases with a mutation had a second <i>SOX17</i> mutation or evidence of allelic loss. Immunofluorescence microscopy performed on primary samples showed that there were no changes in SOX17 protein expression associated with mutation. Low/absent SOX17 staining was significantly associated with advanced stage, high tumor grade and reduced recurrence-free survival. Functional assessment of the two hotspot missense mutations and three representative frameshift mutations showed that SOX17-A96G and SOX17-S403I have transcriptional activities similar to SOX17 wild-type (WT), whereas none of the frameshift mutant proteins showed transcriptional activity. Forced expression of SOX17-WT, -A96G or -S403I in EC cell lines moderately increased β-catenin mediated transcription, which contrasts with previous data showing SOX17 is an inhibitor of TCF/β-catenin signaling. The proliferation of EC cell lines was expectedly reduced by transfection with SOX17-WT, and further reduced by SOX17-A96G and SOX17-S403I. These data implicate <i>SOX17</i> mutation as a selected event in EEC, with clear differences between the missense and frameshift mutations. | 10668 | Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments | 0.9984 | 2729 | Obstetrics and Gynecology | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2056211042 | CERTAIN FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES INVOLVING HYPERGEOMETRIC OPERATORS | A remarkably large number of inequalities involving the fractional integral operators have been investigated in the literature by many authors. Very recently, Baleanu et al. [2] gave certain interesting fractional integral inequalities involving the Gauss hypergeometric functions. Using the same fractional integral operator, in this paper, we present some (presumably) new fractional integral inequalities whose special cases are shown to yield corresponding inequalities associated with Saigo, Erd<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>lyi-Kober and Riemann-Liouville type fractional integral operators. Relevant connections of the results presented here with those earlier ones are also pointed out. | 11564 | Mathematical Inequalities and Applications | 0.9997 | 2604 | Applied Mathematics | 26 | Mathematics | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4226139756 | Teaching and learning in integrated social studies | • Teaching shows patterns of different discourses of learning in varying degrees of integration • When grading is introduced, the subject knowledge discourse turns more dominant. • Students show greater engagement in higher degrees of integrated teaching directed by overarching curriculum objectives. • Macro policies direct the characteristics of the teaching, but there are variations in the strength with which different policies are implemented. Purpose: The purpose is to analyse how teaching and learning take place in integrated social studies teaching in relation to various curriculum goals and what consequences the teaching has for students’ approaches to learning. Design/methodology/approach:Ethnographic fieldwork is used in ten integrated thematic units conducted in four classes in four Swedish schools, with students in Years 5 and 6. Findings: The grading in Year 6 contributes to the integrated teaching being more adapted and directed towards subject knowledge goals. Students are very committed and involved in higher degrees of integration and discourses of learning connected to overarching curriculum objectives and are more focused and performance-oriented when the subject knowledge discourse creates a dominant pattern. Practical implications: Teaching in social studies should consist of the whole range of learning discourses, and how different knowledge conceptions can affect teaching and students’ learning should also be considered | 11859 | Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy | 0.9646 | 3312 | Sociology and Political Science | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W7087268076 | LHD LHDGAUSS_MODE_PURITY #140325.1 (analyzed) | Ordinary (O) mode and extraordinary (X) mode purity in the ECH (electron cyclotron heating) system. | 11665 | Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior | 0.9964 | 1309 | Developmental Biology | 13 | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4312804646 | Codonopsis pilosula | This datasheet on Codonopsis pilosula covers Identity. | 12012 | Diatoms and Algae Research | 0.9064 | 2502 | Biomaterials | 25 | Materials Science | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2175282183 | Fatigability of rat hindlimb muscles after acute irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition | The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional impact of acute irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on the fatigability of medial gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats. After treatment with methanesulfonyl fluoride (a lipid-soluble anticholinesterase), which reduced their AChE activity by >90%, these muscles were subjected to an in situ indirect stimulation protocol, including a series of isolated twitch and tetanic contractions preceding a 3-min fatigue regimen (100-ms trains at 75 Hz applied every 1.5 s). During the first minute of the fatigue regimen, the effects of AChE inhibition were already near maximal, including marked reductions in peak tension and the force-time integral (area), as well as a decrement of compound muscle action potential amplitudes within a stimulus train. Neuromuscular transmission failure was the major contributor of the force decreases in the AChE-inhibited muscles. However, despite this neuromuscular transmission failure, muscles of which all AChE molecular forms were nearly completely inhibited were still able to function, although abnormally, during 3 min of intermittent high-frequency nerve stimulation. | 12023 | Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases | 0.9992 | 2736 | Pharmacology | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2269079665 | Numerical Conformal Mapping of Unbounded Multiply Connected Regions onto Circular Slit Regions | This paper presents a boundary integral equation method for conformal mapping of unbounded multiply connected regions onto circular slit regions. Three linear boundary integral equations are constructed from a boundary relationship satisfied by an analytic function on an unbounded multiply connected region. The integral equations are uniquely solvable. The kernels involved in these integral equations are the classical and the adjoint generalized Neumann kernels. Several numerical examples are presented. | 10739 | Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis | 0.9998 | 3107 | Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics | 31 | Physics and Astronomy | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W3200000932 | The Case for Carbon Pricing | Abstract When it comes to responding to the problem of anthropogenic climate change, the overwhelming preference among policy experts is for a system of carbon pricing. This is normally justified on the grounds that it maximizes the welfare of future generations. The objective of this chapter is to provide a philosophical defense of carbon pricing based instead on contractualist foundations. The central claim is that the negative externality of greenhouse gas emissions violates a reciprocity condition that is a central normative constraint in the system of cooperation in our society. A system of carbon taxation is recommended on the grounds that it addresses this externality problem more directly than any other policy alternative. The merits of such a regime are illustrated using the example of agricultural production and the carbon emissions associated with food supply. | 10471 | Climate Change Policy and Economics | 0.9994 | 2002 | Economics and Econometrics | 20 | Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W6930522362 | Cabalodontia albofibrillosa Westphalen | 10. Cabalodontia albofibrillosa (Hjortstam & Ryvarden) Westphalen, in Westphalen, Motato-Vásquez, Tomšovský & Gugliotta, Mycologia: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1894536, 5 (2021). White rot in a broad-leaved forest. Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve, Puer, Yunnan Province, China, on a trunk of angiosperm, 25 August 2018, CLZhao 8722. | 10934 | Heat shock proteins research | 0.9711 | 1312 | Molecular Biology | 13 | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2584942962 | Resilience in the event of long-term absenteeism | Long-term absenteeism is a persistent problem in the police organisation in the Netherlands. Around 4% of staff has been absent for over three months. For the National Police's Enhancing Professional Resilience programme, we conducted research into opportunities for increasing people's resilience when returning to work after such a long period of absenteeism. This research provides suggestions for dealing with the problem of long-term absenteeism effectively. The following issues turned out to be important: the scope of employees of their reintegration process, reciprocity in the relationship between line manager and police employee, greater knowledge of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its causes and finally, dealing with diversity in the organisation in an active manner. | 10809 | Occupational Health and Safety Research | 0.9909 | 3614 | Radiological and Ultrasound Technology | 36 | Health Professions | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1946873992 | DNA in situ sensitivity to denaturation: a new parameter for flow cytometry of normal human colonic epithelium and colon carcinoma. | Modal DNA (ploidy) and sensitivity of DNA in situ to denaturation by acid have been analyzed by flow cytometry of 10 colorectal adenomas and 35 adenocarcinomas; 39 normal mucosa samples served as controls. A new method was developed to denature DNA in chromatin of the freshly isolated, intact, and unfixed individual cell nuclei from surgically resected material. The sensitivity of DNA denaturation (T alpha) was assayed by metachromatic staining with acridine orange and calculated as a ratio of the alpha t index of the tumor sample to the alpha t index of normal mucosa; the alpha t index is that fraction of DNA, following treatment at pH 1.4, that stains metachromatically with acridine orange at pH 2.6. All adenomas were diploid and in nine of 10 the T alpha value was close to 1.00, indicating no difference from control specimens in DNA sensitivity to denaturation. Forty-nine% of adenocarcinomas were aneuploid. Forty-six% of adenocarcinomas differed from normal in sensitivity of DNA to denaturation; the T alpha value was lower than 0.90 indicating that chromatin of the tumor cells was more resistant to denaturation than control cells. There was no correlation between sensitivity to denaturation of DNA and incidence of aneuploidy. However, there was a correlation between T alpha and the pathologically determined stage of disease. There was increased resistance to denaturation in 58% of tumors classified as Dukes' C/D stage, in 36% of tumors classified as Dukes' B, and in 20% classified as Dukes' A stage of the disease. Statistical analysis of these results revealed significant differences between distributions of T alpha in noninvasive (Adenomas and Dukes' A) versus invasive (Dukes' B and C/D) tumors with level of significance at P = 0.02. The data suggest that acid denaturation of DNA in situ may be a valuable adjunct in assessing the biology of colon cancer. The molecular basis for this phenomenon is discussed. | 11369 | Genetic factors in colorectal cancer | 0.9953 | 2734 | Pathology and Forensic Medicine | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2204965096 | Evaluation of semi-automated cells counting in peritoneal fluid | ABSTRACTIntroduction:Currently, the cytological analysis of biological fluids, such as peritoneal fluid, is performed by manually cells counting in Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber. However, this method has a number of limitations. Because of these limitations, automatic counters have been evaluated for cell counting in this type of sample in order to make it faster and more reliable test.Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the manual and semi-automated leukocytes and erythrocytes counting in peritoneal fluid.Materials and methods:The samples were analyzed manually and using the CountessTM(Invitrogen).Results:The results showed that although there is a correlation between the two counting methods, the correlation is relatively low, for both leukocytes and erythrocytes analysis.Conclusion:The results suggest that peritoneal fluid should continue to be analyzed in Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber. However, further studies should be conducted with a greater number of samples to investigate the possibility of using automated cells counting in serous fluids and, thus, provide greater speed and quality of results. | 11356 | Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases | 0.9913 | 2740 | Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2983490905 | Impact of an Educational Program on a Year- Round Forage Production and Grazing Management System in Alabama | Raising animals on supplementary feeds in the lean months is economically unfeasible due to the increasingly high price of grains and commercial feeds. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic impact of educational events on year-round pasture and grazing management. A survey was introduced through SurveyMonkey to 78 trainees to collect data on a pre-structured questionnaire. A conceptual framework of production function was applied to measure the impact of the events using a before vs. after impact assessment approach. Forty-six percent of respondents completed the survey. The results revealed that the educational events had a positive impact on the cultivation of cool and warm season grasses and legumes, rotational grazing, technology adoption, multiplication of acquired knowledge and skills, changes in attitude and behavior, and household income. Reaching out to small-scale livestock farmers with need-based technological support helps them in sustaining their farms. | 12904 | Diverse Educational Innovations Studies | 0.9779 | 1100 | General Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 11 | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1481441860 | Design of oil-free simple turbo type 65 K/6 KW helium and neon mixture gas refrigerator for high temperature superconducting power cable cooling | For the requirement of HTS facility cooling, we propose oil-free simple turbo-type refrigerator. The working gas is a helium and neon mixture. Two single-stage turbo compressors and two expansion turbines are applied to the cycle. The rotor consists of the compressor impeller, turbine impeller and driving motor, and is supported by foil type gas bearing. The refrigerator requires two rotating machines with excellent reliability and compactness, and the motor power required is 72.5 kW for a refrigeration load of 6 kW. For the cooling of power cable, sub-cooled pressurized liquid nitrogen and a circulation pump must be provided. If the estimated distance between inter-cooling stations is quite long, for example 5 km, plural refrigerators may be set up on one cooling station. | 11808 | Superconducting Materials and Applications | 0.9988 | 2204 | Biomedical Engineering | 22 | Engineering | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W3037700213 | Low- and No- Calorie Sweeteners (LNCS): critical evaluation of their safety and health risks | Abstract The increase of the prevalence of type-2 diabetes as a consequence of overweight and obesity has stimulated public health authorities worldwide to develop strategies for its risk management and prevention. Among them, a reduction on the content of sugar in sugar-sweetened foods and beverages has been suggested, which led the food industry to replace partially sucrose with food additives, such as low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS). As a consequence, there has been an increase of their consumption, which has made regulatory agencies to evaluate their exposure and possible consequences. At the same time, speculations about adverse effects, such as carcinogenicity, preterm delivery and metabolic changes involving appetite, weight increase and glucose intolerance, have been published. This scenario led ILSI Brasil to organize a meeting to update scientific knowledge on the safety of LNCS and to promote discussions among academia, regulatory bodies and food industries to clarify currently controversial information. The results of this initiative are presented in this review. It is suggested that LNCS, when used according to recommendations provided by scientific committees and regulatory authorities are considered safe. Further studies are required to evaluate the current level of exposure in general population and specific ones as children. | 12964 | Diet, Metabolism, and Disease | 0.9996 | 2712 | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4316657868 | Towards a Psycholinguistic Database of Arabic | Psycholinguistic databases are indispensable resources for psycholinguistic and computational research. Many languages have such valuable resources, such as English, Croatian, Dutch, French, and Chinese. Unfortunately, Arabic doesn't have such databases. This research aims at introducing the guidelines for building a psycholinguistic database of Arabic. The database will be available in two phases: the first is a psycholinguistic phase in which subjective ratings are collected for several variables such as concreteness, imageability, subjective frequency, and number of meanings, the second is a computational phase in which ratings are stacked with other linguistic information obtained from corpora, such as root, stem, objective frequency, number of syllables, and word length. This phase is meant to provide an online searchable release that can be used by psycholinguists and computational linguists for building cognitive-based artificial intelligence models. This survey is meant to introduce the building process of the psycholinguistic phase in detail. | 10465 | Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism | 0.9954 | 2805 | Cognitive Neuroscience | 28 | Neuroscience | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4403452026 | Effect of Plow Pan on the Redistribution Dynamics of Water and Nutrient Transport in Soils | Plow pans are an essential part of the agricultural soil structure. By adjusting the soil bulk density and plow pan height, the water and nutrient transport are dynamically redistributed. Plow pans play a crucial role in promoting crop growth, increasing yields, and supporting sustainable land management. In this study, a column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of plow pan height (10 cm and 15 cm) and bulk density (1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 g cm⁻3) on soil nutrient and water leaching under high-volume (HV) and low-volume (LV) fertilizer applications. The results reveal that the leachate volume decreased by 61.9% at a plow pan height of 10 cm and by 96.2% at a plow pan height of 15 cm when the bulk density was increased from 1.2 to 1.4 g cm⁻3 under HV conditions. There was no leachate when the plow pan bulk density was 1.6 g cm−3. The reserved concentration of alkali-hydrolyzable N in the plow pan soils was the highest when the plow pan had a bulk density of 1.4 g cm−3 and a height of 15 cm. However, when the plow pan height was 15 cm, the available P content in the plow pan soils decreased by 27.0% and 21.0% at bulk densities of 1.4 g cm⁻3 and 1.6 g cm⁻3, respectively, when compared with 1.2 g cm⁻3. Furthermore, the available P concentrations in the plow pan and subsoil layers decreased with an increase in the plow pan height. The available K concentrations in the topsoil decreased by 26.8% and 24.0% when the plow pan bulk density was increased from 1.2 to 1.4 g cm−3 at heights of 10 and 15 cm, respectively. Thus, the optimal plow pan height and bulk density are closely related to the types of soil nutrients. However, it is clear that excessively high bulk densities (e.g., 1.6 g cm−3) negatively impact soil properties. For different nutrient requirements, a bulk density of 1.2 or 1.4 g cm−3 can be chosen, with each providing suitable options based on the specific nutrient needs. This research offers practical insights into changes in nutrient adsorption and fixation in agricultural production associated with alterations in plow pan bulk density. | 10004 | Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics | 0.9981 | 1111 | Soil Science | 11 | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2520428398 | Allied health management of technology‐related musculoskeletal complaints among children and adolescents | Background/aim Children and adolescents are prolific users of information and communication technologies ( ICT ) in learning, leisure, and social communication activities. High exposure to ICT is associated with musculoskeletal injuries in adults; however, the management of ICT physical complaints in children is not well‐understood. Methods An online survey of allied health professionals (occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and chiropractors) was undertaken to determine (i) the number of children and adolescents in Perth, Western Australia who accessed treatment for musculoskeletal complaints related to use of technology; (ii) the typical frequency and duration of service provision; and (iii) the nature of treatment provided. Costs associated with service provision were estimated. Results Data from 101 identified the most commonly treated musculoskeletal complaints among children and adolescents included: non‐specific neck pain; thoracic postural pain disorder; non‐specific low back pain; and lumbar postural pain disorder. Approximately 1445 children were treated in the previous 12 months; with one‐third of chiropractors each reported treating 31+ children. Most common treatments were soft tissue release, mobilisation, flexibility and conditioning exercises, soft tissue massage and kinesio‐taping. Verbal education about healthy use of technology was provided by most clinicians (88%), with some inconsistent recommendations. The estimated cost of treatment was AUD $1,057,715; of which AUD $544,886 was health system funded. Conclusions Children and adolescents received allied health treatment for a range of musculoskeletal complaints associated with ICT use. The potential long‐term impacts on their health and wellbeing, and the economic burden associated with this health issue warrant the development of systematic risk reduction strategies. | 12006 | Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders | 0.9963 | 3207 | Social Psychology | 32 | Psychology | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W3161765576 | Chemotaxonomy of <i>Aster</i> species from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau based on metabolomics | Abstract Introduction The genus Aster plants have been widely used for thousands of years in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau for the clearing of heat, detoxification, and the treatment of seasonal pandemic diseases. Although the presence of several flavonoid compounds in Aster has been reported by previous studies, the diversity of secondary metabolites within and among species is relatively unknown. Objective The metabolite profile of one Aster species was systematically compared with those of other taxa to find potential chemotaxonomic markers, delimit species, and assess chemodiversity. Method Samples of the above‐ground parts of 11 Aster species were collected and their metabolites were analysed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Unsupervised principal component analysis, supervised orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, heatmap analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were employed to analyse 95 representative samples from 11 Aster species and determine species‐specific chemical markers based on a metabolomics database. Results Six phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected and quantified in all Aster species, suggesting that these compounds may be common constituents in the Aster genus. Metabolite analysis showed terpenoid compounds to be potential chemical markers for interspecies differentiation. Ent‐ kaurane‐type diterpenoid glycosides were the main class of compounds in all Aster species except for A. farreri , which mainly contained oleanane‐type pentacyclic triterpenoids. Diterpenoid glycosides were low‐content chemotaxonomic markers and were detected for the first time in Aster species from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Conclusion Chemotaxonomy and metabolomics were used to support the phylogenic relationships of the Aster genus. | 11613 | Phytochemistry and Biological Activities | 0.9999 | 1110 | Plant Science | 11 | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2800522910 | OpenCV image stitching analysis | Computer vision software has been widely used in the area of Photography creating an amazing effect. One of the tools that has been developed and widely used in the digital camera is the panoramic image, where multiple images are “stitched” together. In this project, the analysis was carried out on the open source library OpenCV and two of its feature detectors ORB and AKAZE. Three programs were built or updated from the old version of OpenCV to the newer version to carry out the experiments. One is the ABS-DIFF program which calculated the absolute difference between two images. The program is used to measure the difference between the original image and the “stitch” image. The second draw matches program was also developed to highlight the “matched” points when we stitch two images together. This program helps us to understand the stitching software better as it shows the matching points of the reference and target image side by side. The third program is an image stitcher which was modified and updated from an old version to verify the stitching process and runtime. A number of experiments were carried out to compare ORB and AKAZE. It is concluded that ORB has a better performance in terms of computation time requirement and AKAZE has better performance in the cumulative absolute difference value. | 11439 | Video Analysis and Summarization | 0.9815 | 1707 | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition | 17 | Computer Science | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4245922166 | Chūgoku shi ni okeru kakumei to shūkyo (Revolution and religion in Chinese history). By Suzuki Chūsei. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1974. 334 pp. ¥ 2400 | An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content. | 10893 | Chinese history and philosophy | 0.9851 | 3312 | Sociology and Political Science | 33 | Social Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2340486918 | The European Monetary Union nominal convergence and real sectoral volatility | The European Monetary Union (EMU) requires member economies follow similar business cycles. In 1992, the Maastricht Treaty (MT) created numerical targets for EMU member inflation, government bond yields, government debt and government deficits designed to facilitate member economy nominal convergence. Nominal convergence is purported to facilitate convergence in the real economy so that member economies respond to shocks in a similar way. The European Sovereign Debt Crisis (ESDC) of 2010-12 was the first assessment of real business cycle synchronisation, or symmetric shock response, in the EMU since the Euro was adopted in 1999. Economies experienced marked volatility over this period, which is associated with a welfare loss. This study investigates three research questions over the sample period 1999 to 2013. Firstly, has the nominal convergence process impacted sectoral real volatility? secondly, has nominal convergence occurred? and thirdly, has real convergence occurred? The first question was approached using regression analysis. This study finds that changes in bond yields have a negative relationship with volatility in the Construction sector and the total economy. There is also a negative relationship between public deficits and Construction sector volatility. Next, using methodology developed by Marshall (1990) which jointly considers time and cross-sectional dimensions, the underlying trend in the variables were estimated, crucially accounting for the correlation between units in cross- sectional time series data that is inherently characteristic of a currency area such as the EMU. The “stochastic cycle” was then recovered from this estimated stochastic trend. Absolute convergence was assessed using cointegration tests developed by Engle and Granger (1987)on the trend and its stochastic cycle for each variable. There is evidence of absolute convergence in the cyclical component of inflation over 1999 to 2013 whereas there is no evidence of real absolute convergence; that is, convergence in real volatility. This suggests that the transmission of nominal to real convergence is weak over the sample period. The joint consideration of time and cross-sectional dimensions inherent in the method developed by Marshall (1990)provides efficiency gains, even despite the short time dimension of 15 years, relative to a univariate analysis (Marshall, 1990). | 10007 | Monetary Policy and Economic Impact | 0.9173 | 2000 | General Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 20 | Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4300720223 | сисOptimization of the state information policy of Ukraine in the conditions of contemporary modernization processes | The article discusses the different concepts of the State information policy, its purpose and content. Notes that existing concepts, strategies, etc. in information sphere are unfortunately still fragmented (focused above all on the creation of scientific-technical and technological base of the transition to the information society, in particular through the development of information and communication infrastructure and advanced information technologies) and the lack of systematic integrity of regulatory documents. According to this, in all of greater relevance is the question of development and approval of Unified Code of public documents regarding the management sphere. The strategic weight of today become the issue of legislative regulation of various aspects of its development of information-communicative sphere of Ukraine, in accordance with international practice, where already successfully tested the relevant legislative technology of solving them, not only by the approval of amendments to existing laws or the development of new, and by codification – the development and adoption Of Code of Ukraine. However, still conceptual appropriateness of adopting an information code in Ukraine has not found adequate technological support, that negatively affects the development of information-communicative System State. Today in Ukraine is a strategic document that at the national level to govern the main priorities, directions, principles, principles and ways of realization of the State policy on implementing its information and communication functions. Moreover the communicative component state is not clearly separated from the information, and therefore does not have the proper conceptual, technological and functional software, also destablzacjno affects the livelihoods of its public sector. | 13172 | Economic Issues in Ukraine | 0.9874 | 2000 | General Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 20 | Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2060845550 | Structural Symmetry and Optical Properties of Dielectric Multilayers | We have investigated the structural symmetry and optical properties of the dielectric multilayers. By using the transfer-matrix method, the propagation of electromagnetic wave in the dielectric multilayer film is obtained. It is shown that if a mirror symmetry is induced to the structure, perfect transmissions will definitely happen. And the perfect transmission can be controlled at certain wavelengths if the special structure with symmetry is achieved. Experimental observations are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. This finding will have potential applications to optoelectric devices, such as the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system. | 10666 | Photonic Crystals and Applications | 0.9988 | 3107 | Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics | 31 | Physics and Astronomy | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4384696577 | Evaluation of herd and within-herd prevalence of bovine leukemia virus in eastern Kansas beef cattle | The last U.S. national beef BLV herd prevalence study occurred in 1997 by the USDA and found an AGID/ELISA herd prevalence of 36.4% and an individual animal prevalence of 7.73% of animals tested in the northcentral U.S. which included the state of Kansas. Kansas State University and Michigan State University, in a collaborative effort, performed a BLV herd and with-in-herd prevalence study of beef cattle in eastern Kansas in the fall of 2021. | 12159 | T-cell and Retrovirus Studies | 0.9991 | 2403 | Immunology | 24 | Immunology and Microbiology | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W1715098042 | Structural anthropometric measurement of Atlantic offshore workers | This study provides information on structural dimensions of offshore workers with and without a helicopter passenger suit. Forty-one structural measures, with and without a helicopter passenger suit, were obtained from 42 subjects (38 M, 4 F). The structural dimensions of the subjects demonstrate an increase with suit, circumferences increased by as much as 246 mm, vertical measures (stature) increased by 14 mm to 41 mm, and horizontal measures (breaths) increased by 15 mm to 37 mm. The difference (suit vs. no suit) in waist circumference is less for a larger subject compared to a smaller subject indicating suit sizes need further consideration. | 12006 | Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders | 0.9993 | 3207 | Social Psychology | 32 | Psychology | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2023553671 | Effect of (1→3)(1→6)-Β-Glucan Containing PLGA Scaffold on Human Dermal Fibroblast Attachment and Proliferation | The effect of β-glucan-reinforced PLGA scaffold on cell proliferation was investigated. The PLGA scaffolds were prepared by salt-leaching method. The prepared scaffolds were grafted with (1→3) (1→6)-β-glucan in various ratios after plasma treatment on the surface. The surface of the scaffold was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The HDFs (Human dermal fibroblasts, 1105 cells/scaffold) were used to evaluate the cell proliferation on PLGA scaffold before and after plasma/β-glucan treatment. In results, in the β-glucan treated scaffolds, the pores seemed to become narrower and even looked like closed form. The result of cell proliferation showed that the plasma/β-glucan treated scaffolds had narrower pores because the β-glucan was attached in the pores that would not be allowed the cells to penetrate into the inner areas. Consequently, cell proliferation was not effective in the plasma/β-glucan treated scaffolds in this study. | 10997 | Ocular Surface and Contact Lens | 0.9883 | 2739 | Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2415505829 | Cytogenetic analysis of choriocarcinoma cell lines. | Five permanent cell lines were established in vitro from patients with gestational choriocarcinoma. Chromosome study with Q-band technique showed a modal chromosome number per cell in the hypotetraploid range in all cell lines. There were unidentifiable, structurally altered chromosomes in each cell line. BeWo cell line from choriocarcinoma following delivery of a normal male baby lost identifiable Y chromosome, whereas Jar cell line following delivery of a normal male did have a Y chromosome. One of the two cell lines following complete hydatidiform mole had a Y chromosome. The significance of this finding is discussed. | 12587 | Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Studies | 0.9958 | 2739 | Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4411897549 | MODEL FOR CALCULATING THE LEVEL OF CYBER SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES | The growing number of cyberattacks on critical infrastructure facilities in Ukraine is a steady trend that necessitates systematic improvement of approaches to cybersecurity. The issue of improving the security of information and communication systems and information resources of critical information infrastructure facilities is of particular relevance. Despite the existence of certain mechanisms in Ukrainian legislation for assessing the state of cybersecurity of such facilities, their practical implementation remains difficult and resource-intensive. In many cases, critical infrastructure owners and operators do not have sufficient capacity to effectively implement the established requirements, which necessitates the development of more accessible and adaptive assessment models. At the current stage in Ukraine, the process of identification and protection of critical infrastructure is at an initial level, which creates risks for national security and the functioning of important social systems. The article proposes a model for calculating the level of cybersecurity of critical information infrastructure facilities, which provides for the possibility of expanding the system of characteristics by applying a set-theoretic approach. The formalization of subsets of criteria (classes of cybersecurity measures) and the corresponding system of parameters is carried out, which allows for a quantitative assessment of the level of security of the object. The proposed model has the potential for practical use as a tool for monitoring and improving the effectiveness of cybersecurity measures. In further research, it is planned to use the proposed model to develop a method for improving the level of cybersecurity. | 13181 | Economic and Technological Systems Analysis | 0.9566 | 1405 | Management of Technology and Innovation | 14 | Business, Management and Accounting | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2034299617 | Partial Prior Information and Decisionmaking | In a desionmaking situation if prior information is vague, indecision may result. A model for partial prior information is established and from this arises the notion of a set of feasible decisions. The existence of more than one feasible decision represents the existence of indecision. In many practical situations the partial prior information may be given by linear inequalities on the prior probabilities in which case there is a computationally attractive method for determining the set of feasible decisions. | 10050 | Multi-Criteria Decision Making | 0.9923 | 1803 | Management Science and Operations Research | 18 | Decision Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2063100714 | The exact distribution of cusum estimator of a changepoint in a Bernoulli sequence | Abstract Changepoint problems have been studied by several authors. The asymptotic distribution but not exact distribution has been derived for the estimator of the changepoint r. In this paper, a closed form of exact distribution of CUSUM estimator of changepoint r under Bernoulli sequence is considered. | 11443 | Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring | 0.9976 | 1804 | Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty | 18 | Decision Sciences | 2 | Social Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2005134212 | Decameter-Wavelength Observations of Jupiter: the Apparitions of 1961 and 1962. | view Abstract Citations (27) References (17) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Decameter-Wavelength Observations of Jupiter: the Apparitions of 1961 and 1962. Smith, Alex G. ; Lebo, G. R. ; Six, N. F., Jr. ; Carr, T. D. ; Bollhagen, Heins ; May, Jorge ; Levy, Jorge Abstract A final reduction has been made of extensive observations of Jupiter conducted during 1961 and 1962 in the radio-frequency range 5-31 Mc/s. Both probability-of-emission and intensity studies have been made of the several decametric "sources." It appears that a change in the apparent rate of rotation of the sources occurred in 1960. Both the over-all Jovian activity and the apparent widths of the sources have increased as the solar cycle declined, although the gross source geometry remains much the same as in previous years. Television techniques have been used in a search for optical activity correlated with the Jovian outbursts. Venus and Mars have shown no detectable decametric activity, while Saturn remains, as before, a dubious source. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: February 1965 DOI: 10.1086/148137 Bibcode: 1965ApJ...141..457S full text sources ADS | | 10325 | Astro and Planetary Science | 0.9801 | 3103 | Astronomy and Astrophysics | 31 | Physics and Astronomy | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W3021084454 | death-dying-and-end-of-life-care-in-the-us-and-the-netherlands-a-scoping-review | Introduction: The aim of End of Life (EOL)-care in any setting is to improve the quality of life of patients and families through medical or non-medical interventions. The study aims at identifying gaps in the literature produced on the topic and informs areas for future research in the field.\n\nObjective: To identify articles that discuss death and dying, with the elderly > = 70, living at home, or in nursing homes, in assisted living, or community centres, in hospice or palliative care, in hospitals or emergency care.\n\nMethods: A scoping review of studies in the U. S. and in the Netherlands. Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the selected studies were analysed and categorized by themes, and then summarized based on positive, negative and ambiguous views on death discussions at all four (4) levels of discussion.\nResults: From a total of one hundred and fifty-nine studies, twenty-five studies passed the selection criteria. Twenty-one were for the U. S., and four were for the Netherlands. The selected studies were analysed and categorized by themes.\n\nConclusion: The review pointed to a dearth of material that measured the outcome of discussions on the subject of death and dying with the elderly. Future studies could consider discussions on death and dying from the perspective of patients’ anxiety and distress, instead of concerns over financial support, religious and ethnic issues, ethical and legal parameters, and extra medical training. | 10177 | Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues | 1 | 2739 | Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W4229987274 | Vapor-Phase γ-Radiolysis of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and the Xylenes | Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the three xylenes have been irradiated in the vapor phase with gamma rays. Products and yields have been compared with those in liquid-phase radiolysis. G values for disappearance in the vapor phase range from 6 to 10, more than five times greater than in the liquid phase. The principal product in each case is "polymer." All of the identified products are also found in the liquid phase, but relative yields are markedly different. The high yields of acetylene and some other products in the vapor phase suggest that ionic processes are more important here than in the liquid phase. | 12468 | Radiation Effects and Dosimetry | 0.994 | 1106 | Food Science | 11 | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | Life Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2419506903 | [CHANGES IN COLON MICROBIOCENOSIS COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF COLONOCYTES UNDER THE CONDITION OF EXPERIMENTAL DYSBIOSIS AND EMOXIPIN PROPHYLAXIS]. | The study results allow to consider, that use of emoxipin results in an increase of adaptive-compensatory capabilities of the macroorganism during experimental dysbiosis. | 13365 | Medical and Biological Ozone Research | 0.8906 | 2736 | Pharmacology | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W3196319567 | Managing Patients With Textured Implants | Van Wicklin, Sharon Ann PhD, RN, CNOR, CRNFA(E), CPSN-R, PLNC, FAAN, ISPAN-F Author Information | 11258 | Breast Implant and Reconstruction | 0.9999 | 2746 | Surgery | 27 | Medicine | 4 | Health Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2046004351 | Low overhead anonymous routing | Privacy is one of the main concerns for Internet users. In many situations, users would like to conceal their identities when accessing the Internet. Some would want to hide their identities when accessing specific services, and others may even want to be anonymous to other hosts they are communicating with. Anonymity is sometimes a must for applications like electronic voting, and in other situations it is optional such as the case of Web browsing. Moreover, hiding the identities of communicating parties helps alleviate problems related to traffic analysis. In this paper, we propose two anonymity models to ensure the privacy of communicating parties and to protect the sender address during the routing process and hence render such sender unidentifiable and untraceable. The results analyses show that our models have anti-spoofing capability and high anonymity degree even when some nodes on the path are compromised. In the first proposed model, the request and the reply can be linked, however, in the second model they cannot be linked at an additional overhead cost. The measurements showed that the additional incurred delay on each collaborative router varies between 1.35 and 3.3 ms, and hence the end-to-end delay is negligible for typical Internet paths. | 11598 | Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting | 1 | 1702 | Artificial Intelligence | 17 | Computer Science | 3 | Physical Sciences |
https://openalex.org/W2560788472 | Design of the Beam Transfer Line Magnets for HIE-ISOLDE | This paper describes the design of the beam transfer line magnets of the HIE-ISOLDE facility. The technical solutions selected to face the challenges associated with the machine requirements are presented, and the final design parameters and field quality are reported. | 11367 | Particle accelerators and beam dynamics | 0.9997 | 2202 | Aerospace Engineering | 22 | Engineering | 3 | Physical Sciences |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
Paper-to-Field Training Dataset
~50K domain-balanced scientific paper abstracts with OpenAlex topic labels, extracted from the OpenAlex bulk data.
Dataset Details
- Size: ~50,000 records
- Balance: ~12,500 per domain (Life Sciences, Social Sciences, Physical Sciences, Health Sciences)
- Quality filter: English language, primary topic score > 0.8
- Format: JSONL
Fields
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
openalex_id |
OpenAlex work ID |
title |
Paper title |
abstract |
Full abstract text |
topic_id |
OpenAlex topic ID |
topic_name |
Topic display name |
topic_score |
OpenAlex confidence score (>0.8) |
subfield_id |
Subfield ID |
subfield_name |
Subfield name |
field_id |
Field ID |
field_name |
Field name |
domain_id |
Domain ID |
domain_name |
Domain name |
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training")
- Downloads last month
- 9
Size of downloaded dataset files:
81.7 MB
Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:
41.1 MB
Number of rows:
50,000
Models trained or fine-tuned on jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training