premises listlengths 2 2 | conclusion stringlengths 16 130 | label stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|
[
"Jaws also make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.",
"Cartilaginous fishes have rows of teeth that grow throughout life."
] | some excellent predators have jaws that have rows of teeth that grow throughout life. | True |
[
"Jaws also make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.",
"Shelled animals and other marine invertebrates evolved, then fish, then jawed fishes diversified."
] | Shelled animals and other marine invertebrates are not considered excellent predators | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Experiments are fundamental to the progress of science."
] | things that are fundamental to the progress of science are often done in a lab | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Lab assistants, please prepare the chemicals."
] | Experiments are often done where chemicals are prepared | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Experiments are central to the sciences."
] | labs are where science is done | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Controlled experiments are essential for scientific inquiry."
] | Scientific inquiry is often done in a lab. | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Labs is the research and development arm for the company."
] | experiments are often done for research and development | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Experiments yield controlled experiences."
] | Controlled manipulation can often take place in a lab. | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"UWM's Computer Science labs and facilities are located here."
] | Experiments are often done in a science facility. | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Science classes are lab oriented."
] | Experiments are often done during science classes | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Some researchers work in a lab."
] | some researchers do experiments | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"An experiment is a trial run."
] | Trial runs are often done in labs | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Science is the study of the natural world through experience and experiment."
] | science is often done in a lab | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Lab is short for Laboratory."
] | Experiments are often done in a laboratory. | True |
[
"Experiments are often done in a lab.",
"Chemicals are properly stored during and at the end of each lab period."
] | Experiments are often done where chemicals are properly stored | True |
[
"forming coal requires decaying vegetation",
"Coal, oil and natural gas are all fossil fuels."
] | Forming fossil fuels requires decaying vegetation | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Brakes are also helpful to stop or slow down for turns."
] | Stopping or slowing for turns can cause skidding. | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Skids occur when the car's speed overcomes tire traction."
] | car brakes rely on the tire traction to reduce speed | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Non-skid feet prevent sliding."
] | braking can cause sliding | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Tires leave skid marks and sometimes smoke."
] | braking can leave marks | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Race cars have brakes."
] | race cars can skid | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Harsh braking increases the wear of the brakes and the tyres."
] | Harsh stops can cause skidding and tire wear | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Many wet weather accidents result from skidding on bald or nearly bald tires."
] | braking on bald tires can cause wet weather accidents. | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"With the antilock brakes turned on, the car stops."
] | Stopping a car can cause skidding. | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Brakes work because friction acts against slip."
] | friction can cause skidding | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Brakes are great at stopping."
] | Stopping the car quickly can cause skidding. | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Skids occur when the car's speed overcomes tire traction."
] | Braking can cause a car's speed to overcome tire traction. | True |
[
"braking can cause skidding",
"Skids occur when the car's speed overcomes tire traction."
] | Braking and the car's speed overcoming traction causes cars to slide | True |
[
"x-rays are used in medical technology",
"Radiographers are X-Ray Technologists."
] | radiographers use medical technology | True |
[
"x-rays are used in medical technology",
"An X-ray is a negative image."
] | negative images are used in medical technology | True |
[
"x-rays are used in medical technology",
"Radiographs are X-Ray pictures."
] | Radiographs are pictures used in medical technology | True |
[
"x-rays are used in medical technology",
"Now, medical knowledge and technology provide the means to save their lives."
] | x-rays are used to save lives | True |
[
"x-rays are used in medical technology",
"Medical technology connected to diagnostics."
] | x-rays are used in diagnostics | True |
[
"x-rays are used in medical technology",
"X-Rays are used to see whether bone has been damaged or destroyed."
] | Seeing whether bone has been damaged is used in medical technology. | True |
[
"x-rays are used in medical technology",
"X-rays are a form of electromagnetic energy, or radiation."
] | Electromagnetic energy is used in medical technology | True |
[
"x-rays are used in medical technology",
"X rays can compliment surgery and medical oncology."
] | x-rays are used in oncology | True |
[
"x-rays are used in medical technology",
"Tests X-rays show bone deformities."
] | bone deformities can be found using medical technology | True |
[
"Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.",
"Placental mammals give birth to live young, and house the embryo until it is complete."
] | Placental mammals house the embryo until it is complete and birth large and mature infants. | True |
[
"Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.",
"Humans are also placental mammals."
] | humans give birth to relatively large and mature infants | True |
[
"Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.",
"Infants are a particularly vulnerable group."
] | placental mammals give birth to vulnerable young | True |
[
"Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.",
"Humans are placental mammals."
] | Humans give birth to relatively large and mature infants. | True |
[
"Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.",
"Humans are also placental mammals."
] | Humans give birth to relatively large and mature infants | True |
[
"Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.",
"Placental Mammals Placental mammals have wombs."
] | mammals with wombs give birth to relatively large and mature infants | True |
[
"Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.",
"Cows, horses, dogs, cats and people are all placental mammals."
] | cows give birth to relatively large and mature infants | True |
[
"Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.",
"Humans are also placental mammals."
] | Humans give birth to relatively large and mature infants. | True |
[
"Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.",
"An elephant baby can weigh 200 pounds at birth."
] | an elephant probably has a placenta | True |
[
"Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.",
"Humans are placental mammals."
] | Humans give birth to relatively large and mature infants. | True |
[
"stomata closing reduces water loss",
"Transpiration is the loss of water vapor by plants."
] | Stomata closing reduces transpiration. | True |
[
"stomata closing reduces water loss",
"Plants are able to close stomata."
] | plants are able to reduce water loss | True |
[
"stomata closing reduces water loss",
"Plants have stomata on both their leaves and their stems."
] | Parts on the leaves and stems close to reduce water loss. | True |
[
"stomata closing reduces water loss",
"More carbon dioxide means fewer stomata and vice versa."
] | The more carbon dioxide a plant receives, the more likely it is to suffer water loss. | True |
[
"stomata closing reduces water loss",
"On the underside of the leaf are small openings or pores called the stomata."
] | The pores on the undersides of leaves close to reduce water loss | True |
[
"Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.",
"Smallpox is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus."
] | The intentional release of smallpox would be bioterrorism. | True |
[
"Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.",
"Variola major, the virus that causes smallpox, is considered a potential bioterrorism agent."
] | The intentional release of smallpox is considered bioterrorism | True |
[
"Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.",
"Bioterrorism is always a criminal act."
] | the intentional release or spread of agents of disease is always a criminal act | True |
[
"Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.",
"With mounting threats of bioterrorism, anthrax has become a rather frightening topic."
] | Anthrax can be intentionally released to spread disease | True |
[
"Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.",
"Pathogens are disease-causing agents."
] | Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of pathogens. | True |
[
"Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.",
"Bioterrorism is always a criminal act."
] | the intentional release or spread of agents of disease is a criminal act | True |
[
"Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.",
"Pathogens are disease-causing agents."
] | Bioterrorism is the spread of pathogens. | True |
[
"Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.",
"Pathogens are disease-causing agents."
] | Bioterrorism is the intentional release pathogens | True |
[
"Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.",
"Second, microbes can be abused for the purpose of bioterrorism."
] | microbes are agents of disease | True |
[
"Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.",
"Bioterrorism is always a criminal act."
] | it is a criminal act to intentionally release or spread agents of disease | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Birds fly using wings."
] | Birds use muscles in the chest to fly | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Birds have very large chest muscles called pectorals which are used to flap the wings."
] | Birds use pectorals to move their wings | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Birds fly using wings."
] | Birds fly using muscles in their chest. | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Eagles are large birds."
] | eagles move their wings using muscles in the chest | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"To move faster, birds flap their wings more quickly."
] | Bird flap their wings more quickly to fly faster | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Bats move their wings by using the large muscles in their backs and chests."
] | Birds move their wings using large back muscles | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Birds fly using wings."
] | birds use muscles for flight | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Flight requires wings."
] | flight in birds uses chest muscles | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Birds fly using wings."
] | birds fly using muscles in the chest | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Birds build their nests in the Trees."
] | Something that builds nests in trees moves their wings using muscles in the chest | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Birds also steer by changing their wing configuration."
] | Birds steer by using muscles in their chest | True |
[
"Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.",
"Eagles are a big bird."
] | eagles move their wings using muscles in the chest | True |
[
"Smog contains particulates.",
"Fine particulates are tiny pieces of soot and dust that lodge deeply in the lungs."
] | smog contains tiny pieces of soot and dust | True |
[
"Smog contains particulates.",
"Particulates penetrate deep into lungs."
] | Smog can penetrate deep into lungs. | True |
[
"Smog contains particulates.",
"Another common pollutant is airborne particulate matter."
] | Smog is an airborne pollutant | True |
[
"Smog contains particulates.",
"And where there's ozone, there's smog."
] | ozone contains particulates | True |
[
"Smog contains particulates.",
"Particulates are fine dust particles."
] | smog can contain fine dust particles | True |
[
"Smog contains particulates.",
"Incinerators also generate particulate air pollution."
] | Incinerators generate smog | True |
[
"Smog contains particulates.",
"Particulate emissions are increasingly dangerous."
] | Smog emmisions are dangerous. | True |
[
"Smog contains particulates.",
"Particulates are matter suspended in air."
] | Smog contains matter suspended in air | True |
[
"Smog contains particulates.",
"Particulates are fine dust particles."
] | smog contains fine dust particles | True |
[
"Smog contains particulates.",
"Sulfur dioxide is a gas and sulfate particulate is a solid."
] | Smog contains sulfur. | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"Lemon juice is acidic."
] | Lemon juice changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"Acids turn blue litmus paper red and have a sour taste."
] | Acids that taste sour will change a litmus paper red | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"Examples are citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and malic acid."
] | citric compounds will turn the color of litmus paper from blue to red | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"For example vinegar is dilute acetic acid."
] | Vinegar changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"Acids cause color changes in acid-base indicators."
] | acid-base indicators can go from blue to red | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"Another name for color is hue."
] | an acid changes the hue of litmus paper from blue to red | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"Acidity is traditionally measured with litmus paper which changes color at a certain acidity."
] | Acid changes the color of certain paper at different acidity. | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"Acids turn blue litmus paper red and have a sour taste."
] | Sour tasting things changes litmus paper from blue to red. | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"Acid rain Coal-fired power plants create precipitation that deposits nitric or sulfuric acids."
] | Rain downwind from a coal-fired power plant is likely to change the color of litmus paper from blue to red | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"For example vinegar is dilute acetic acid."
] | Vinegar changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red. | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"Nitric acid contributes to acid rain."
] | some rain can changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"HCl is a strong acid."
] | HCl changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red | True |
[
"an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red",
"Lemons and oranges are obviously acid."
] | lemon changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red | True |
[
"Smog also contains particulates.",
"Ozone and particulates are lung irritants."
] | smog contains lung irritants | True |
[
"Smog also contains particulates.",
"Smoke, smog and exhaust all contain carbon particles which are breathed in and stay in the lungs."
] | Smog is made up of carbon particles. | True |
[
"Smog also contains particulates.",
"Particulates have also been linked with cancer, especially lung cancer."
] | Smog has been linked with lung cancer | True |
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