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{
"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
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"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on medical ethics, the age of majority, and the family law for help.\n\nIn the U.S., the age of majority varies from state to state but the majority of states have the age of 18, with a few states having it at 19 or 21.\n\nHowever, the medical community in the U.S. generally follows the \"Mature Minor Doctrine,\" which states that minors who are deemed mature enough to make their own medical decisions should be able to consent to medical procedures.\n\nThis doctrine is most often applied to minors aged 14 to 17, but the decision of whether a minor is mature enough should be made on a case-by-case basis by the healthcare provider.\n\nIn this scenario, a 15-year-old girl is being evaluated, and she has expressed a desire for medical treatment. She is appearing alone, but no other minors are present. The girl has a child, which indicates she has some level of maturity and responsibility.\n\nTaking into account the Mature Minor Doctrine, it is reasonable to accept the girl's consent as sufficient for initial evaluation.\n\nThe answer is (I).",
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"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
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"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on emergency medicine and minors' consent for help.\n\nTo follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, the patient must provide consent unless the medical provider believes the patient is unable to make a decision for themselves.\n\nIn this case, the patient is a 15-year-old girl who is able to communicate with the healthcare provider and make decisions about her own care.\n\nAdditionally, the patient is acting in loco parentis as the single mother of a 6-month-old child, and she has sufficient maturity to make decisions about her own health care.\n\nTherefore, the healthcare provider should obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness, which would be the most appropriate step.\n\nThe answer is (E).",
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"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
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"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on minor consent laws for help.\n\nIn most jurisdictions, a minor can consent to medical treatment for themselves without parental permission, as long as the minor is deemed mature enough to make an informed decision.\n\nThis patient is 15 years old, but since she has an unrelated child and lives independently, she may be considered mature enough to provide her own consent for medical treatment.\n\nIn this case, the best practice is to obtain the patient's consent in the presence of a witness.\n\nThe answer is (E).\n\n",
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"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
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"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on medical ethics and minors for help.\n\nA minor in need of medical treatment can be treated in accordance with the \"mature minor doctrine\", which holds that a minor can give valid consent for medical treatment if they can demonstrate a level of maturity and understanding of their own situation.\n\nHowever, if the minor is not deemed mature enough to provide valid consent, then treatment can be given if the minor is not in any immediate danger.\n\nThis patient is a 15-year-old girl who appears to be mature enough to consent for the evaluation, but there is no explicit information suggesting she is mature enough or that she has the ability to make her own decisions.\n\nAdditionally, minors in need of general medical evaluation are usually best evaluated with the consent of a parent or guardian.\n\nIn this case the girl has stated she lives with a 28-year-old cousin so either a parent or a Guardian is readily available. However, the girl does not have a parent readily available. Therefore, in order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, obtaining the written consent from her 28-year-old cousin who is acting as the patient's legal guardian may be an appropriate step.\n\nThe answer is (A).",
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"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
"role": "system"
},
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
"role": "user"
},
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
"role": "assistant"
},
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
"role": "user"
},
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
"role": "assistant"
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
"role": "assistant"
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on minors and consent for help.\n\nTo determine the most appropriate step in evaluating the minor, we need to find out which of these options would be considered the correct procedure for treating a minor in the US.\n\nAccording to the law, a minor can provide consent for medical care for certain conditions if she can demonstrate a level of maturity and understanding of the situation.\n\nIn this case, the girl is 15 years old and has presented with a medical concern. She has expressed concern about the condition and has the maturity to understand the situation.\n\nIn the US, minors are allowed to consent for treatment of sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy, and reproductive health.\n\nGiven the information that the girl has reported difficulty passing stools and is concerned about a rectal problem, it is likely that she is seeking care for a reproductive health-related condition.\n\nIn the US, the Girl's Health and Responsibility Act of 2001, Title X Family Planning, and various state laws allow minors to consent for reproductive health care without parental permission.\n\nTherefore, accepting the girl's consent as sufficient is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating her rectal problem.\n\nThe answer is (I).",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
I
|
I
| 0.94079
| true
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"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
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"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on child protection and minors for help.\n\nIn the United States, when treating a minor, it is essential to follow the procedure for obtaining consent.\n\nThe procedure for treating minors is as follows: minors are generally defined as individuals under the age of 18. For minors who are 14 and above, they are considered mature minors if they demonstrate a level of maturity and understanding. However, minors aged 14-17 may obtain consent by themselves for a medical procedure if it involves a minor's reproductive or sexual health. \n\nHowever, in this scenario, if it appears the minor may be in need of abortion or other reproductive services, physicians should not automatically rely on the minor's consent, but instead, they should follow state-specific laws. They should make a good-faith effort to inform both parents. If that's not possible, they should allow the minor to obtain a judicial bypass of the parental notification requirement or inform an alternative adult, such as a grandparent. \n\nHowever, for this scenario, the patient faces difficulty passing stools. Given that the issue isn't reproductive-related and the patient is under 14, for minors between 13 and under, parental consent is required if the parents are known and reachable.\n\nIn this case, though the girl is afraid to move her bowels, the condition isn't reproductive-related, but since the parents are \"not contributing to her support,\" then parental consent might be difficult to obtain, though reasonable efforts should still be made. \n\nTo follow the correct procedure for treating a minor for this type of non-reproductive concern, it would be best to attempt to obtain written consent from at least one of her parents, unless there is an established procedure for dealing with uncooperative parents.\n\nHowever, another option is for the surgeon to decide to accept the girl's consent if they are able to verify her age and maturity level. \n\nGiven the girl's age (15) and the fact that she's concerned about not moving her bowels, it is likely she is mature enough to give informed consent for her care. She's also having a significant problem that requires medical intervention with potential long term consequences.\n\nSince there is no indication the parents are involved or will be involved, and the minor is 15—so not a minor as per the age definition of 14 or under—it seems that attempting to contact the parents would be futile.\n\nTherefore, (I) is the best option.\n\n\n\nThe answer is (I).",
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"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
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"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on minor consent laws for help.\n\nIn most jurisdictions, a minor can consent to medical treatment for themselves without parental permission, as long as the minor is deemed mature enough to make an informed decision.\n\nThis patient is 15 years old, but since she has an unrelated child and lives independently, she may be considered mature enough to provide her own consent for medical treatment.\n\nIn this case, the best practice is to obtain the patient's consent in the presence of a witness.\n\nThe answer is (E).\n\n",
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{
"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
"role": "user"
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
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"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
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"content": "We refer to the Minor's Consent to Medical Treatment laws, which vary by state or country.\n\nAccording to these laws, in many jurisdictions, a competent 14- to 17-year-old minor can consent to many medical services, including those related to health, without parental consent.\n\nHowever, if the minor is a minor in need of support, such as in this scenario where the girl lives away from home and receives no support from her parents, then the laws of many jurisdictions require that consent be obtained from the girl or another appropriate adult due to her status being that of a \"minor in need of support\" due to her circumstances.\n\nHence considering the girl's circumstances, it is more likely that obtaining the girl's consent in the presence of a witness would be the most appropriate step, as she is 15 and a minor in need of support, and therefore does not require parental consent for the initial evaluation.\n\nThe answer is (E).\n\n",
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{
"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
"role": "user"
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
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"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on medical ethics, the age of majority, and the family law for help.\n\nIn the U.S., the age of majority varies from state to state but the majority of states have the age of 18, with a few states having it at 19 or 21.\n\nHowever, the medical community in the U.S. generally follows the \"Mature Minor Doctrine,\" which states that minors who are deemed mature enough to make their own medical decisions should be able to consent to medical procedures.\n\nThis doctrine is most often applied to minors aged 14 to 17, but the decision of whether a minor is mature enough should be made on a case-by-case basis by the healthcare provider.\n\nIn this scenario, a 15-year-old girl is being evaluated, and she has expressed a desire for medical treatment. She is appearing alone, but no other minors are present. The girl has a child, which indicates she has some level of maturity and responsibility.\n\nTaking into account the Mature Minor Doctrine, it is reasonable to accept the girl's consent as sufficient for initial evaluation.\n\nThe answer is (I).",
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"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
"role": "system"
},
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
"role": "user"
},
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
"role": "assistant"
},
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
"role": "user"
},
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
"role": "assistant"
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We refer to the rules and regulations of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) for help.\n\nIn this scenario, the girl is seeking medical treatment for a potential medical issue, therefore, it is appropriate to obtain her consent before proceeding.\n\nHowever, the girl is a minor, which means that she is under the age of 18. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, and in the presence of a medical emergency, the girl's consent alone is not sufficient.\n\nAccording to the HIPAA rules, a parent or guardian's consent is not required for a minor to receive medical treatment in a life-threatening emergency.\n\nTherefore, if the medical provider believes that the girl's condition is a medical emergency, they can proceed with treatment without parental consent. However, if there are no immediate life-threatening symptoms, it would be best to obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness.\n\nThe answer is (E).",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
E
|
I
| 0.338077
| false
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"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
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"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on minors and the medical treatment of minors for help.\n\nAccording to the laws in most jurisdictions, when a minor comes to the emergency department, doctors are permitted to provide treatment without parental consent if the minor is emancipated or if the minor consents to the treatment.\n\nHowever, since this patient is 15 years old and not emancipated, prior parental consent is required if she is deemed incapable of consenting for herself.\n\nIn this situation, if she is deemed incapable of consenting for herself, but she has no parents supporting her, a court order may be needed, but this could be time-consuming and may not be the best option given the urgent nature of her situation.\n\nSince she has no parents contributing to her support, the best option is to involve child protective services and to obtain a court order permitting evaluation.\n\nThe answer is (C).",
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"content": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about health. Think step by step and then finish your answer with \"the answer is (X)\" where X is the correct letter choice.\nEach reasoning step in your response should end with two line breaks.",
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"content": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\nA. Ventral\nB. Dorsal\nC. Buccal\nD. Thoracic\nE. Pericardial\nF. Abdominal\nG. Spinal\nH. Pelvic\nI. Pleural\nJ. Cranial",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain, and it is contained in the Cranial cavity.\n\nThe answer is (J).",
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"content": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\nA. The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB. The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC. The third pharyngeal arch\nD. The second pharyngeal arch\nE. The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF. The first pharyngeal arch\nG. The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH. The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI. The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ. The first and second pharyngeal arches",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on anatomy for help.\n\nLet’s solve this problem step by step.\n\nThe hyoid bone, which is also known as the hyooid, is a a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.\n\nIn its resting position, it lies between the ase of the mandible and the third cervical vertebrae.\n\nWe know that the second and the third pharyngeal arches give rise to the horns of the hyoid bone; therefore, the embryological origin of the hyoid bone are the second and the third pharyngeal arches—this information is covered in option (G).\n\nTherefore, we conclude that (G) must be the correct answer.\n\nThe answer is (G).",
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"content": "What is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\nA. Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB. Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC. Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD. Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE. Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF. Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG. Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH. Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI. Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ. Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nThe difference between a male and female catheter is that male catheters tend to be longer than female catheters.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "How many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\nA. 1\nB. Unlimited attempts\nC. 5\nD. 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE. 7\nF. 2\nG. 4\nH. 6\nI. 3\nJ. 8",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on clinical knowledge for help.\n\nAccording to the medical protocol as of 2020, you should make two attempts to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a more-senior practitioner.\n\nThe answer is (F).",
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"content": "Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\nA. They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB. Because they have no nucleic acid\nC. They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD. Only replicate in dividing cells\nE. They can infect multiple species\nF. They don't require a host to survive\nG. Can integrate into host chromosomes",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on virology for help.\n\nParoviruses are highly impactful because they do not have nucleic acid.\n\nThe answer is (B).",
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"content": "A 15-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because, she says, \"something has been sticking out of my bottom since I had a bowel movement this morning.\" She has not had previous episodes, although for more than 1 year she has had occasional difficulty passing stools. She is not in pain but is afraid to move her bowels for fear that the problem will worsen. She tells you that she moved away from home more than a year ago and that her parents contribute nothing to her support. She has a 6-month-old child and lives with a 28-year-old female cousin. She has never been married and does not work or attend school. She has no other symptoms. In order to follow the correct procedure for treating a minor, which of the following is the most appropriate step prior to evaluating this patient's rectal problem?\nA. Obtain written consent from her 28-year-old cousin\nB. Obtain written consent from at least one of her parents\nC. Obtain a court order permitting evaluation\nD. Obtain the written consent of at least two licensed physicians\nE. Obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness\nF. Obtain written consent from the child's father\nG. Obtain verbal consent from at least one of her parents\nH. Wait until the girl turns 16 to perform the evaluation\nI. Accept the girl's consent as sufficient\nJ. Obtain written consent from a social worker",
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"content": "We refer to Wikipedia articles on medical ethics for help.\n\nAccording to the laws and regulations regarding minors' consent in many countries, a minor (typically a 16-year-old in the US) has the right to consent to medical treatment for themselves if they are deemed emancipated.\n\nIn this case, the girl is 15 years old but has been emancipated by being away from home for more than a year and having a child of her own. As such, she is considered emancipated.\n\nThe most appropriate step in this situation is to obtain the girl's consent in the presence of a witness, as this will ensure that her rights are respected and that the evaluation can proceed.\n\nThe answer is (E).\n\n",
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1
] | 13
| 0
|
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