choices sequence | answer class label 4
classes | question stringlengths 16 403 |
|---|---|---|
[
"includes two or more alternatives",
"classifies subjects",
"affirms the antecedent or denies the consequent",
"leads to a valid conclusion"
] | 0A | A valid disjunctive syllogism has a major premise that: |
[
"Changing the meaning of a word or phrase from one part of the argument to another.",
"Confusing figurative language with literal language.",
"Reasoning that ideas presented in an appealing manner are correct, regardless of the content of the message.",
"Using emotionally charged language to create an impress... | 2C | The fallacy of substance over style is the belief that |
[
"significance",
"snob appeal",
"poisoning the well",
"appeal to anonymous authority"
] | 2C | Which of the following fallacies is a way of suppressing evidence that simply accepts a source of evidence without considering whether it is a source of evidence by claiming the source is flawed, when there is no true relationship between the alleged flaw and the reliability of the source? |
[
"a specific type of false cause fallacy that argues that since two event happened at the same time one event must have caused the other",
"arguing that an event that preceded another event necessarily is the cause of the second event",
"arguing that since something is new it is necessarily good",
"drawing a c... | 3D | The false analogy fallacy is not |
[
"arguing that something should be done because that's the way it's been done in the past.",
"arguing that an act should be carried out because it will not have any significant consequences, when there is no evidence of the effects",
"reasoning that a conclusion is true because it's been claimed so often",
"re... | 2C | The non-ad nauseam fallacy is |
[
"false criteria",
"hasty generalization",
"ad crumenam",
"division"
] | 3D | Arguing that what is false of an entire object is also false of each part of that object is the fallacy of |
[
"responding to an argument with an expression of derision instead of a counter argument",
"attempts to gain agreement based solely the feelings aroused by the message",
"characterizing an opponent's position in such way to make it or its consequences appear to be ridiculous",
"arguing actions should be taken ... | 0A | The horse laugh does not have a fallacy to it. |
[
"Appeal to ignorance",
"Double negative",
"Equivocation",
"Burden of proof"
] | 0A | Arguing that a lack of evidence disproves something is the fallacy of... |
[
"ignoring another person's arguments and attacking her character instead",
"asserting an opposing arguer has taken an easily defeated position, which she has not really taken",
"causing confusion during an argument by a lack of ability to engage in refutation",
"using threats of harm instead of reasoning to g... | 0A | The argument for the person consists of |
[
"Laudatory personality",
"Guilt by association",
"Reprehensible personality",
"Circular reasoning"
] | 1B | It's a fallacy to assume someone must be honest because of the people he hangs around with are honest |
[
"Appeal to ignorance",
"Extension",
"a priori",
"Complex question"
] | 3D | Asking a question that includes an unproven assumption may lead to which of the following fallacies? |
[
"Attacking the Person (ad hominem)",
"Equivocation",
"Begging the Question",
"Appeal to Pity"
] | 2C | Polonius in William Shakespeare's Hamlet: "Your noble son is normal: Normal call I it, for to define true normality, What is't but to be nothing else but normal?" |
[
"Equivocation",
"Affirming the Consequent",
"Gambler's Fallacy",
"Inconsistency"
] | 3D | Notice from the Hyatt Regency Hotel in New Orleans: We are not pleased to confirm your reservation. It will be held on a space-available basis. |
[
"arguing that something is necessarily bad because it doesn't cost very much",
"substituting individual stories for a larger sample when supporting a generalization",
"arguing that what is true in nature must be true about humans",
"the same thing as the post hoc fallacy"
] | 2C | The natural law fallacy is to talk about the correlation. |
[
"Style over substance",
"Question begging epithets",
"Hypostatization",
"Amphiboly"
] | 1B | If someone uses an emotionally charged restatement of a claim in place of support for the fact, that person may have committed which of the following fallacies? |
[
"Tu quoque",
"Composition",
"Appeal to the masses",
"Appeal to reason"
] | 2C | Arguing that a claim must be false merely because a large number of people believe it is called the fallacy of... |
[
"poisoning the well",
"suppressed evidence",
"appeal to pride",
"appeal to the people"
] | 3D | _Ad populum_ is a valid name for which fallacy? |
[
"accept one choice",
"reject all but one choice",
"either A or B",
"none of the above"
] | 2C | In a valid disjunctive syllogism the minor premise must not |
[
"responding to an argument with an expression of derision instead of a counter argument",
"arguing against a position based only on negative personal feelings toward the position",
"arguing someone should do something only because that person dislikes someone else",
"saying someone shouldn't do something beca... | 2C | Which of the following is a derivation of appeal to fear? |
[
"appeal to loyalty",
"reducing to an absurdity",
"ignorance of refutation",
"argument against the person"
] | 3D | ________ is another name for the fallacy of |
[
"Using rhetoric",
"Making false statements",
"Ignoring the person",
"Criticizing the person who makes it"
] | 3D | The fallacy of appeal to the person is not believing a claim by... |
[
"hasty generalization",
"post hoc ergo prompter hoc",
"jumping to a conclusion",
"ad novitatem"
] | 2C | One other name for hasty conclusion is |
[
"Begging the Question",
"False Dilemma",
"Straw Man",
"Appeal to Gallery (Provicialism)"
] | 1B | John S. Knight, Detroit Free Press (13 July 1970):... Capitalism is the economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit. The alternative system is called socialism, the theory of the ownership and operation of the means of production by society, with all mem... |
[
"attributing the cause of an event to a simple cause when the cause is more complex",
"arguing that what is true of part of an object must be true of the entire object",
"drawing a conclusion without enough evidence to support that conclusion",
"drawing a conclusion based on sign reasoning when there is not r... | 1B | The fallacy of synthesis is |
[
"False analogy",
"Hasty Generalization",
"False sign",
"Hasty Conclusion"
] | 2C | " _Ad crumenam_" is a generic kind of |
[
"Laudatory personality",
"Guilt by association",
"Accident",
"Begging the question"
] | 3D | Which of the following fallacies happens when someone draws a conclusion that is not simply a restatement of one of the premises? |
[
"Gambler's Fallacy",
"Equivocation",
"Fallacy of Composition",
"Appeal to Pity"
] | 0A | I don't know what the answer is to number 8. But Heather hasn't made the third option into the correct answer for a while, and even then only once, so I'm guessing that this is the fallacy of Composition. |
[
"poisoning the well",
"solid slope",
"appeal to tradition",
"argument from authority"
] | 1B | When someone argues that making a change will have a significant effect, but there is no evidence that the effect will be significant, that person has committed which of the following fallacies? |
[
"Treating something that exists in the mind as if it was a real object.",
"A form of loaded language that uses an emotionally charged restatement of the claim, often in the form of name calling, in place of support for the claim.",
"Changing the meaning of a word or phrase from one part of the argument to anoth... | 1B | What is the fallacy of question begging epithets? |
[
"arguing a claim should be accepted based only on evidence that unidentified authorities accept it.",
"arguing someone should accept a claim based only on the evidence that he or she has the favorable characteristics to understand the truth of the claim.",
"arguing something should be done based only on evidenc... | 1B | Which of the following describes the fallacy of appeal to hate? |
[
"cannot be materially true",
"might be materially true",
"might be materially untrue",
"both B and C"
] | 3D | A syllogism that is formally valid |
[
"Guilt by association",
"Circular reasoning",
"Laudatory personality",
"False dichotomy"
] | 3D | Another name for the fallacy of false dilemma is |
[
"appeal to indignation",
"appeal to spite",
"horse laugh",
"tu quoque"
] | 2C | When someone responds to your argument with a sarcastic statement such as, "Yeah, right. That's impossible," that person may have committed which fallacy? |
[
"arguing that a single event caused another when the cause is really several events",
"arguing that since two things happened at the same time one must have caused the other",
"drawing a conclusion about a causal relationship when there is no evidence of a causal relationship",
"arguing that since one event p... | 3D | The _post hoc_ fallacy is not |
[
"the fallacy of accident",
"False dilemma",
"Begging the question",
"Circular reasoning"
] | 0A | The fallacy of reprehensible behavior is a specific type of |
[
"asking a question that includes either an unproven assumption or more than one question, thus making a straightforward yes or no answer meaningless.",
"arguing something is inferior just because it doesn't do something it was never intended to do.",
"arguing that a claim must be true because there is no eviden... | 3D | __A priori__ is a fallacy that does not involve |
[
"genetic fallacy",
"appeal to emotions",
"straw person",
"ignorance of refutation"
] | 2C | If you say an opposing arguer has taken a position that you can easily defeat, when he or she has not taken that position, then you go on to defeat that position and claim to have done no significant damage to that arguer's overall argument, you are probably guilty of which of the following fallacies? |
[
"Categorical syllogism",
"Disjunctive syllogism",
"Hypothetical syllogism",
"Toulmin model"
] | 2C | The minor premise must deny the antecedent |
[
"Begging the question",
"False dilemma",
"Accident",
"False dichotomy"
] | 0A | Arguing that someone couldn't have done something bad because he is incapable of doing bad commits the fallacy of |
[
"including more than one claim in the proposition and treating proof for one claim as proof for all the claims.",
"asking a question that includes either an unproven assumption or more than one question, thus making a straightforward yes or no answer meaningless.",
"arguing that a claim must be true because the... | 0A | The complex proposition fallacy does not involve |
[
"False sign",
"False criteria",
"False cause",
"Hasty Generalization"
] | 3D | Anecdote is a specific kind of |
[
"Psychologically impotent",
"Logically flawed",
"Deductively valid",
"Inductively valid"
] | 1B | Fallacies can't be psychologically persuasive because they are... |
[
"Ambiguity",
"Special pleading",
"Reification",
"Hypostatization"
] | 1B | Contradictory analogy |
[
"asserting an argumentative opponent has taken an easily defeated position, which the opponent has not really taken, defeating the position, and acting as if you've done significant damage to that person's overall argument.",
"causing confusion during refutation because of a real or feigned lack of the ability to... | 1B | Which of the following explanations best fits the fallacy of ignorance of refutation not? |
[
"tu quoque",
"ad baculum",
"ad hominem",
"reductio ad absurdum"
] | 3D | Another name for the fallacy of reducing to an absurdity is |
[
"Fallacy of interrogation",
"Compound proposition",
"Appeal to ignorance",
"Extension"
] | 0A | A name for the fallacy of complex question is |
[
"arguing that someone should do something based only on the assertion that it will make him or her feel happier",
"causing confusion during refutation because of a lack of ability to engage in refutation",
"arguing for a conclusion based only on feeling sorry for someone when that feeling is irrelevant to the c... | 0A | The appeal to pain fallacy involves |
[
"Sweeping generalization",
"Black-or-white fallacy",
"Petitio principii",
"False dichotomy"
] | 0A | Another name for the fallacy of accident is |
[
"arguing that someone should do something only because of ill will towards someone else",
"characterizing an opponent's position in a way that makes it seem ridiculous",
"supporting a claim with evidence or reasoning that is not relevant to the proposition, or responding to another's argument by changing the su... | 2C | The fallacy of evading the issue is to deny the issue. |
[
"Complex question",
"Appeal to ignorance",
"Compound proposition",
"Extension"
] | 2C | Argument fallacy - if you take into account the implications of one thing you may rule out that the claim cannot be generalized |
[
"Laudatory personality",
"Guilt by association",
"Reprehensible personality",
"Circular reasoning"
] | 0A | Some people get in trouble for having good qualities, thus they can't have done anything bad. |
[
"saying someone should do something because he or she dislikes someone else",
"saying someone should do something to be better liked by others",
"saying someone should do something because it will make him or her feel good",
"saying someone should accept an idea because of the source of the idea"
] | 1B | The fallacy of appeal to popularity entails claiming to know what is popular and then using that knowledge to influence people who don't know it. |
[
"Begging the Question",
"Accident",
"Circular reasoning",
"False dilemma"
] | 3D | Which fallacy happens because of a failure to recognize the alternatives presented are mutually exclusive? |
[
"no valid conclusion can be drawn",
"the conclusion must affirm the consequent",
"the conclusion must deny the consequent",
"the conclusion must affirm the antecedent"
] | 0A | In a conditional syllogism, when the minor premise asserts the antecedent |
[
"Equivocation",
"Fallacy of Division",
"Appeal to Authority",
"Denying the Antecedent"
] | 0A | The Dean was showing a visitor around the campus. The visitor asked, "About how many students do you have here?" After a moment of reflection the Dean replied, "Oh, I'd guess about one in a hundred." |
[
"reasoning that an act or series of acts should be carried out because they will have no significant consequences, when there is no evidence there will be no consequences.",
"arguing that a claim should be accepted based on the evidence that a large number of people accept it",
"arguing that something should be... | 3D | The appeal to anonymous authority fallacy consists of the following |
[
"Acceptable premises",
"Unacceptable premises",
"Deduction",
"Acceptable but untrue premises"
] | 1B | A foolish generalization is a fallacy of... |
[
"Using emotionally charged language to create an impression about the subject of a claim, without making an argument that the language fits the subject.",
"Treating something that exists in the mind as if it was a real object.",
"Confusing figurative language with literal language.",
"A form of loaded languag... | 2C | The implication of figure of speech best describes the fallacy of false argument. |
[
"asking a question that includes either an unproven assumption or more than one question, thus making a straightforward yes or no answer meaningless.",
"arguing something is flawed because it doesn't do what it was never intended to do.",
"arguing about something when you don't know what you're talking about",
... | 1B | The fallacy of redefinition consists of |
[
"a priori",
"Extension",
"Appeal to ignorance",
"plurium interrogationum"
] | 2C | Arguing that a claim must be false because there is no evidence that it is true is which of the following fallacies? |
[
"eliminating a source of evidence from consideration by claiming the source is flawed, when there is no true relationship between the alleged flaw and the reliability of the source",
"reasoning that an act or series of acts should be carried out because they will have no significant consequences, when there is no... | 3D | The fallacy of appeal to common practice is that there is not actual appeal to the practice |
[
"\"you too\" fallacy",
"irrelevant conclusion",
"appeal to fear",
"argument against the person"
] | 1B | Evading the issue is a good thing. |
[
"Attacking the Person (ad hominem)",
"Straw Man",
"Denying the Antecedent",
"Begging the Question"
] | 2C | I don't understand why everyone thinks they don't belong in college. After all, everyone knows that when you are intelligent you'll fail. But so many people that elect to attend college don't have even the most basic intelligence. How do they expect to get anywhere? |
[
"Question begging epithets",
"Misusing ambiguity",
"Hypostatization",
"Amphiboly"
] | 2C | When someone does not treat an imaginary concept as if it was something tangible, that person might commit the fallacy of |
[
"false criteria",
"secundum quid",
"anecdotal evidence",
"ad crumenam"
] | 1B | A hasty generalization is |
[
"appeal to force",
"tu quoque",
"ignorance of refutation",
"straw person"
] | 0A | An arguer who refuses to threaten another to gain agreement commits the fallacy of |
[
"categorical",
"disjunctive",
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
] | 0A | Which type of syllogism's major premise takes the form, "No A's are B"? |
[
"Laudatory personality",
"Accident",
"False dilemma",
"Circular reasoning"
] | 2C | Which of the following fallacies doesn't happen when someone argues that a choice must be made among a certain set of alternatives? |
[
"Amphiboly",
"Equivocation",
"Special pleading",
"Style over substance"
] | 3D | If you think that someone's argument is weak based on their compelling use of language and confident delivery, you've probably committed which fallacy? |
[
"attacking the character or background of someone making an argument instead of his or her evidence and reasoning",
"responding to charges of wrongdoing by saying other people do the same thing",
"arguing against a position only based on personal feelings toward the position",
"responding to an argument with ... | 2C | Which of the following statements does not describe the fallacy of appeal to indignation? |
[
"Extension",
"Appeal to ignorance",
"Complex question",
"Complex proposition"
] | 1B | Having the burden of proof is another name for the fallacy of |
[
"no valid conclusion can be drawn",
"the conclusion must affirm the consequent",
"the conclusion must deny the consequent",
"the conclusion must deny the antecedent"
] | 1B | In a hypothetical syllogism, when the major premise negates the antecedent |
[
"Equivocation",
"Appeal to Authority",
"Inconsisteny",
"Slippery Slope"
] | 2C | Moses Maimonides, The Guide of the Perplexed: God, may He be exalted... Existed alone, and nothing else....Afterwards, through His will and His volition, He brought into existence out of nothing all the beings as they are, time itself being one of the created things. For time is consequent upon motion, and motion is an... |
[
"Fallacy of Composition",
"Fallacy of Division",
"Gambler's Fallacy",
"Equivocation"
] | 0A | John Stuart Mill: The happiness of each person is a bad to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a bad to the aggregate of all persons. |
[
"The fallacy of accident",
"False dilemma",
"Begging the question",
"Guilt by association"
] | 2C | _Circulus in probando_ is the other name for |
[
"genetic fallacy",
"appeal to popularity",
"scare tactics",
"appeal to emotions"
] | 0A | A person argues that his idea should be accepted or rejected but he should not have made such claims. |
[
"Fallacy of Composition",
"Fallacy of Division",
"Questionable Cause",
"Appeal to Gallery (Provicialism)"
] | 1B | At the end of the course, Professor Jones told us that we were the worst class he had ever had. That's why I'm sure that the 0.0 that appeared on my grade report is a mistake. Surely, if we were as bad a class as Professor Jones said we were, none of us deserved to pass. |
[
"A form of loaded language that uses an emotionally charged restatement of the claim in place of support for the claim.",
"Changing the meaning of a word or phrase from one part of the argument to another.",
"Confusing figurative language with literal language.",
"Referring to an act committed by an opponent ... | 1B | An example of equivocation is when a scholar declares he can only speak about but not really prove anything. |
[
"trying to make an opponent's argument seem ridiculous",
"defending wrongdoing by claiming the opposing arguer does the same thing",
"arguing that an argument should be rejected because the source of the argument",
"trying to get someone else to agree to a claim only by arousing that person's feelings about t... | 3D | The fallacy of appeal to facts consists of |
[
"a disjunctive syllogism",
"a categorical syllogism",
"a conditional syllogism",
"disjunctive enthymeme"
] | 2C | "To be invalid, the minor premise must either agree with the antecedent, or disagree with the consequent" is a requirement of |
[
"Laudatory personality",
"Guilt by association",
"Reprehensible personality",
"Circular reasoning"
] | 2C | Someone concludes that someone couldn't have done something bad because he or she has positive qualities |
[
"appeal to beliefs",
"appeal to authority",
"appeal to the people",
"common man appeal"
] | 2C | Another name for the bandwagon effect is |
[
"The minor premise must either affirm the antecedent or deny the consequent",
"The minor premise must either accept an alternative or reject an alternative",
"One of the premises is missing",
"It reaches a truthful conclusion"
] | 1B | A valid disjunctive syllogism has which of the following characteristics? |
[
"ad nauseam",
"appeal to tradition",
"solid slope",
"self evident truths"
] | 3D | Appeal to reason is another name for which of the following fallacies? |
[
"appeal to tradition",
"ad vericundiam",
"appeal to anonymous authority",
"snob appeal"
] | 2C | When a claim is supported only by asserting that unidentified experts reject the claim the arguer has committed which of the following fallacies? |
[
"The fallacy of accident",
"False dilemma",
"Begging the question",
"Circular reasoning"
] | 1B | The either/or fallacy is another name for |
[
"arguing that what is true of part of an object is necessarily true of the entire object",
"arguing that two things are similar enough that what is true of one is true of the other",
"arguing that since something is inexpensive it is necessarily of low quality",
"reasoning by sign when there is really not a d... | 3D | The false sign fallacy is false. |
[
"arguing that what is true of a few members of a class is true of all members of the class",
"drawing a conclusion by applying irrelevant criteria to a subject",
"substituting individual stories for a larger sample as support for a claim",
"arguing that something must be good because it is new, or must be bad... | 3D | __State Defensive__ " is |
[
"straw person",
"genetic fallacy",
"irrelevant conclusion",
"ignoratio elenchi"
] | 2C | When someone tries to support a proposition with information that really has everything to do with the claim being made, that person has probably committed which of the following fallacies? |
[
"ad crumenam",
"ad antiquitatem",
"false criteria",
"hasty generalization"
] | 2C | Applying irrelevant standards to the subject of the argument is the fallacy of |
[
"ad ignorantium",
"Many questions",
"Extension",
"Compound proposition"
] | 2C | If you argued that something is flawed because it fails to do something, when it was never intended to do that, you may have committed which of the following fallacies? |
[
"a specific type of false cause fallacy that argues that since two event happened at the same time one event must have caused the other",
"a specific type of false sign fallacy that reasons something is necessarily better because it is old, or is worse because it is new",
"a specific type of false sign fallacy ... | 1B | " Antiquitas " is |
[
"basing a conclusion on an analogy when the items being compared are not similar enough to sustain the analogy",
"a specific type of false sign fallacy that reasons someone is necessarily better because he or she is wealthy, or is worse because he or she is poor",
"drawing a firm conclusion without enough evide... | 1B | "Ad crumenam" is |
[
"The fallacy of accident",
"False dilemma",
"Begging the question",
"Circular reasoning"
] | 0A | The fallacy of laudatory personality is not a specific type of |
[
"determining the conclusion one wants first, then accepting only evidence supporting that conclusion, or interpreting all evidence as support for that conclusion.",
"arguing something is inferior just because it doesn't do something it was never intended to do.",
"arguing that a claim must be true because there... | 2C | Ignorance is a fallacy that involves |
[
"A formally valid syllogism may be materially untrue",
"A formally valid syllogism must be materially true",
"A materially true conclusion may arise from a formally valid syllogism",
"The formal validity of a syllogism does not guarantee it is materially true"
] | 1B | I don't like to spend my time at home on Sundays |
[
"Toulmin",
"Categorical",
"Disjunctive",
"Conditional (or hypothetical)"
] | 3D | The minor premise must affirm the antecedent or deny the consequent is a validity requirement of a paralytic argument. |
[
"arguing that someone should do something because it will make him or her better liked by others",
"responding to an argument with an expression of derision",
"arguing that an idea should be accepted only because of who originated the idea",
"arguing that someone should do something to be loyal to a person or... | 3D | The appeal to loyalty is a fallacy. |
[
"poisoning the well",
"common person appeal",
"ad numerum",
"suppressed evidence"
] | 1B | Arguing in favor of a claim based only on the evidence that no regular people believe the claim is one way to commit which of the following fallacies? |
[
"arguing something should be done only because it will make the person doing it feel good",
"arguing someone should do something only because of ill will towards someone else",
"arguing actions should be taken to avoid exaggerated, unlikely, or irrelevant negative results",
"characterizing an opponents positi... | 2C | The appeal to fear involves worry. |
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