Datasets:
jonathanli
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arc_easy_shuffled

Dataset card Data Studio Files
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Mercury_7220990
Which factor will most likely cause a person to develop a fever?
{ "text": [ "a leg muscle relaxing after exercise", "a bacterial population in the bloodstream", "several viral particles on the skin", "carbohydrates being digested in the stomach" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which factor will most likely cause a person to develop a fever?
[ "a leg muscle relaxing after exercise", "a bacterial population in the bloodstream", "several viral particles on the skin", "carbohydrates being digested in the stomach" ]
1
[ "reduced daylight hours during winter", "a bacterial population in the bloodstream", "type of device making the sound.", "10,000,000 km" ]
MCAS_2007_8_5189
Lichens are symbiotic organisms made of green algae and fungi. What do the green algae supply to the fungi in this symbiotic relationship?
{ "text": [ "carbon dioxide", "food", "protection", "water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Lichens are symbiotic organisms made of green algae and fungi. What do the green algae supply to the fungi in this symbiotic relationship?
[ "carbon dioxide", "food", "protection", "water" ]
1
[ "gravitational", "food", "They both take in water from the soil.", "The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid." ]
Mercury_SC_401169
When a switch is used in an electrical circuit, the switch can
{ "text": [ "cause the charge to build.", "increase and decrease the voltage.", "cause the current to change direction.", "stop and start the flow of current." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
When a switch is used in an electrical circuit, the switch can
[ "cause the charge to build.", "increase and decrease the voltage.", "cause the current to change direction.", "stop and start the flow of current." ]
3
[ "controls movement", "It increases.", "3 tall plants to 1 short plant", "stop and start the flow of current." ]
MCAS_2004_8_27
Which of the following is an example of an assistive device?
{ "text": [ "contact lens", "motorcycle", "raincoat", "coffee pot" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which of the following is an example of an assistive device?
[ "contact lens", "motorcycle", "raincoat", "coffee pot" ]
0
[ "contact lens", "calcium", "to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body", "Continental slopes" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_10
Rocks are classified as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary according to
{ "text": [ "their color", "their shape", "how they formed", "the minerals they contain" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
3
Rocks are classified as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary according to
[ "their color", "their shape", "how they formed", "the minerals they contain" ]
2
[ "similar only to oxygen.", "inertia", "how they formed", "Streams entering the lake" ]
Mercury_7013388
A chewable calcium carbonate tablet is a common treatment for stomach discomfort. Calcium carbonate is most likely used as this type of medicine because calcium carbonate
{ "text": [ "has a pleasant flavor.", "is inexpensive to produce.", "neutralizes digestive acid.", "occurs naturally in the body." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
A chewable calcium carbonate tablet is a common treatment for stomach discomfort. Calcium carbonate is most likely used as this type of medicine because calcium carbonate
[ "has a pleasant flavor.", "is inexpensive to produce.", "neutralizes digestive acid.", "occurs naturally in the body." ]
2
[ "compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation", "thermometer", "neutralizes digestive acid.", "Rock weathering occurred for lichens to grow." ]
Mercury_7179953
Which two body systems are directly involved in movement?
{ "text": [ "muscular and skeletal", "digestive and muscular", "skeletal and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which two body systems are directly involved in movement?
[ "muscular and skeletal", "digestive and muscular", "skeletal and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive" ]
0
[ "muscular and skeletal", "ecological succession", "converging plate boundaries", "conserving resources." ]
Mercury_7205118
Which change in the state of water particles causes the particles to become arranged in a fixed position?
{ "text": [ "boiling", "melting", "freezing", "evaporating" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which change in the state of water particles causes the particles to become arranged in a fixed position?
[ "boiling", "melting", "freezing", "evaporating" ]
2
[ "shape", "a snow storm", "freezing", "in the air" ]
MCAS_2016_8_13
Earth's core is primarily composed of which of the following materials?
{ "text": [ "basalt", "iron", "magma", "quartz" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Earth's core is primarily composed of which of the following materials?
[ "basalt", "iron", "magma", "quartz" ]
1
[ "The cork must also have been magnetized.", "iron", "atomic mass.", "electricity" ]
Mercury_7283255
Which of the following events during meiosis contributes most to the variation within a species?
{ "text": [ "pairing of chromosomes", "creation of haploid gametes", "segregation of alleles", "separation of chromatids" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which of the following events during meiosis contributes most to the variation within a species?
[ "pairing of chromosomes", "creation of haploid gametes", "segregation of alleles", "separation of chromatids" ]
2
[ "circuit", "March 21", "segregation of alleles", "competition with other species" ]
MCAS_2005_5_29
Which of the following was probably most important in the formation of dark, fertile soil that is good for farming?
{ "text": [ "plant decomposition", "radioactive decay", "water erosion", "wind erosion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which of the following was probably most important in the formation of dark, fertile soil that is good for farming?
[ "plant decomposition", "radioactive decay", "water erosion", "wind erosion" ]
0
[ "plant decomposition", "condensation", "increased cellular temperature", "More gases enter the balloon." ]
MCAS_2001_8_7
When igneous rock is changed into metamorphic rock, which form of energy is this process?
{ "text": [ "heat", "chemical", "magnetic", "light" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
When igneous rock is changed into metamorphic rock, which form of energy is this process?
[ "heat", "chemical", "magnetic", "light" ]
0
[ "heat", "topographical features on the ocean floor.", "key", "convection" ]
Mercury_SC_400329
In humans, the digestion process begins in
{ "text": [ "the intestine, with squeezing.", "the mouth, with chewing and saliva.", "the stomach, with churning and acid.", "the esophagus, with pushing towards the stomach." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
In humans, the digestion process begins in
[ "the intestine, with squeezing.", "the mouth, with chewing and saliva.", "the stomach, with churning and acid.", "the esophagus, with pushing towards the stomach." ]
1
[ "is converted into potential energy.", "the mouth, with chewing and saliva.", "take notes.", "gravity" ]
Mercury_SC_407440
Which of these items contains only a solution?
{ "text": [ "a jar of pickles", "a bottle of juice", "a bag of peanuts", "a can of mixed fruit" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which of these items contains only a solution?
[ "a jar of pickles", "a bottle of juice", "a bag of peanuts", "a can of mixed fruit" ]
1
[ "Earth is revolving around the Sun.", "a bottle of juice", "make winter camping easy.", "Albert Einstein" ]
MCAS_2016_8_7
Many natural rock formations change color over time. In Utah, for example, iron oxidized and formed red, orange, and yellow rock. Which of the following is the cause of this change?
{ "text": [ "chemical weathering", "mechanical weathering", "water erosion", "wind erosion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Many natural rock formations change color over time. In Utah, for example, iron oxidized and formed red, orange, and yellow rock. Which of the following is the cause of this change?
[ "chemical weathering", "mechanical weathering", "water erosion", "wind erosion" ]
0
[ "chemical weathering", "plant cells only.", "that are absorbed by the object", "lead" ]
MEA_2016_8_8
A population of small, plant-eating beetles lives in a forest. About half of the beetles are light brown and the others are dark green. If years of drought cause the area to become dry with few trees, what would the beetle population most likely look like after several generations?
{ "text": [ "It would be mostly light brown beetles.", "It would be mostly dark green beetles.", "It would be mostly carnivorous beetles.", "It would be mostly very large beetles." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
A population of small, plant-eating beetles lives in a forest. About half of the beetles are light brown and the others are dark green. If years of drought cause the area to become dry with few trees, what would the beetle population most likely look like after several generations?
[ "It would be mostly light brown beetles.", "It would be mostly dark green beetles.", "It would be mostly carnivorous beetles.", "It would be mostly very large beetles." ]
0
[ "It would be mostly light brown beetles.", "to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out", "bind glucose molecules to each other", "ribosome" ]
Mercury_SC_400124
A scientist wanting to document a change in a river's flow pattern should observe a river over a period of
{ "text": [ "days.", "weeks.", "months.", "years." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
A scientist wanting to document a change in a river's flow pattern should observe a river over a period of
[ "days.", "weeks.", "months.", "years." ]
3
[ "A community is a very large ecosystem.", "a pie chart", "The mantle is composed of hot gases.", "years." ]
Mercury_405944
Automobile engines built today are designed to be gas efficient. Gas-efficient engines most likely affect a city by reducing
{ "text": [ "air pollution.", "heat pollution.", "noise pollution.", "light pollution." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Automobile engines built today are designed to be gas efficient. Gas-efficient engines most likely affect a city by reducing
[ "air pollution.", "heat pollution.", "noise pollution.", "light pollution." ]
0
[ "air pollution.", "meter", "a stable number of charged neutrons.", "forms bubbles with limestone" ]
Mercury_SC_405129
A student in an empty classroom shouts, "Hello!" Which best explains what the student hears after the shout?
{ "text": [ "an increased loudness of sound", "a reflection of sound", "an increased frequency of sound", "a refraction of sound" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
A student in an empty classroom shouts, "Hello!" Which best explains what the student hears after the shout?
[ "an increased loudness of sound", "a reflection of sound", "an increased frequency of sound", "a refraction of sound" ]
1
[ "centimeters, pounds, milliliters", "a reflection of sound", "meteoroid impact", "The schoolyard gets warm in the summer." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_4
Which type of energy in gasoline is transformed into mechanical energy in a motorcycle engine?
{ "text": [ "chemical", "nuclear", "magnetic", "electrical" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
1
Which type of energy in gasoline is transformed into mechanical energy in a motorcycle engine?
[ "chemical", "nuclear", "magnetic", "electrical" ]
0
[ "chemical", "applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants", "excretory system.", "Pollution can be eliminated through water testing." ]
Mercury_SC_406063
A student standing near a campfire feels warmer as the fire grows. Which process most likely transfers heat from the campfire to the student?
{ "text": [ "conduction", "convection", "radiation", "transformation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
A student standing near a campfire feels warmer as the fire grows. Which process most likely transfers heat from the campfire to the student?
[ "conduction", "convection", "radiation", "transformation" ]
2
[ "the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth", "The endocrine system", "radiation", "a compound" ]
Mercury_412056
In snapdragon plants, red flowers are dominant to white flowers. When red-flowered plants are crossed with white-flowered plants, pink flowers are produced. If a researcher wants to produce plants with only white flowers, what color should the parent plants be?
{ "text": [ "both red", "both white", "one red and one white", "one white and one pink" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
In snapdragon plants, red flowers are dominant to white flowers. When red-flowered plants are crossed with white-flowered plants, pink flowers are produced. If a researcher wants to produce plants with only white flowers, what color should the parent plants be?
[ "both red", "both white", "one red and one white", "one white and one pink" ]
1
[ "to make clothes", "both white", "discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "chromosphere" ]
Mercury_7016590
Scientists use the term "light year" to describe
{ "text": [ "how fast light travels in space.", "the distance light travels in one year.", "how large the diameters of different stars are.", "the time it takes the Sun to move through the galaxy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Scientists use the term "light year" to describe
[ "how fast light travels in space.", "the distance light travels in one year.", "how large the diameters of different stars are.", "the time it takes the Sun to move through the galaxy." ]
1
[ "draw a picture", "the distance light travels in one year.", "transportation technology.", "salinity" ]
Mercury_7148628
Plate movement can form different features on Earth. The movement of tectonic plates can be both a constructive and a destructive force. At which type of plate boundary is new crust formed?
{ "text": [ "convergent", "subduction", "transform", "divergent" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Plate movement can form different features on Earth. The movement of tectonic plates can be both a constructive and a destructive force. At which type of plate boundary is new crust formed?
[ "convergent", "subduction", "transform", "divergent" ]
3
[ "an organism", "water freezing", "carbon dioxide", "divergent" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_7
Which group of organisms can show significant trait changes in the shortest period of time?
{ "text": [ "bacteria", "birds", "fish", "reptiles" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
1
Which group of organisms can show significant trait changes in the shortest period of time?
[ "bacteria", "birds", "fish", "reptiles" ]
0
[ "bacteria", "The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.", "rock", "a map of wind currents" ]
CSZ10336
Peach trees have sweet-smelling blossoms and produce rich fruit. What is the main purpose of the flowers of a peach tree?
{ "text": [ "to attract bees for pollination", "to create flower arrangements", "to protect the tree from disease", "to feed migratory birds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Peach trees have sweet-smelling blossoms and produce rich fruit. What is the main purpose of the flowers of a peach tree?
[ "to attract bees for pollination", "to create flower arrangements", "to protect the tree from disease", "to feed migratory birds" ]
0
[ "to attract bees for pollination", "skin", "seconds per gram", "Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea." ]
Mercury_7109393
A group of students are researching changes in climate in their region. Which of these would best provide evidence of changes in temperature and rainfall over a period of years?
{ "text": [ "tree rings", "pollen samples", "harvest production", "carbon dating" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
A group of students are researching changes in climate in their region. Which of these would best provide evidence of changes in temperature and rainfall over a period of years?
[ "tree rings", "pollen samples", "harvest production", "carbon dating" ]
0
[ "tree rings", "seed is dispersed -> plant grows -> seed germinates -> seed develops inside fruit", "atmosphere", "number of earthquakes that occur each year." ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10953
Which of these would help to prevent infections from occurring in small cuts and scrapes?
{ "text": [ "apply a cold ice pack", "raise the injured area", "apply pressure to stop bleeding", "wash the area with warm, soapy water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which of these would help to prevent infections from occurring in small cuts and scrapes?
[ "apply a cold ice pack", "raise the injured area", "apply pressure to stop bleeding", "wash the area with warm, soapy water" ]
3
[ "direction.", "thermal insulation", "sedimentation", "wash the area with warm, soapy water" ]
NCEOGA_2013_5_8
Which best describes why winds at the beach change direction between day and night?
{ "text": [ "because the temperatures over land and over water change", "because warm air over land sinks and stays in place over land", "because cool air rises and is replaced by warm air from the ocean", "because cool air sinks and stays in place over land" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which best describes why winds at the beach change direction between day and night?
[ "because the temperatures over land and over water change", "because warm air over land sinks and stays in place over land", "because cool air rises and is replaced by warm air from the ocean", "because cool air sinks and stays in place over land" ]
0
[ "because the temperatures over land and over water change", "a solid changing to a gas", "a plate sitting on a table", "The molecules will begin to move slower." ]
Mercury_7017763
Soil erosion can be best prevented by
{ "text": [ "removing grass from the steepest slope.", "building terraces into the sides of a slope.", "heavily watering the vegetation on the slope.", "increasing the slope of the land by adding more soil." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Soil erosion can be best prevented by
[ "removing grass from the steepest slope.", "building terraces into the sides of a slope.", "heavily watering the vegetation on the slope.", "increasing the slope of the land by adding more soil." ]
1
[ "frog", "building terraces into the sides of a slope.", "clear skies", "degree" ]
MCAS_1999_4_29
Which of the following properties provides the BEST way to identify a mineral?
{ "text": [ "hardness", "shape", "size", "temperature" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which of the following properties provides the BEST way to identify a mineral?
[ "hardness", "shape", "size", "temperature" ]
0
[ "hardness", "A wild fire scorches a prairie in the upper Midwest.", "Human population would increase.", "plastic" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_20
Which sequence represents the order of development for many plants?
{ "text": [ "seed develops inside fruit -> seed is dispersed -> seed germinates -> plant grows", "seed is dispersed -> seed develops inside fruit -> seed germinates -> plant grows", "seed germinates -> plant grows -> seed is dispersed -> seed develops inside fruit", "seed is dispersed -> plant grows -> seed germinates -> seed develops inside fruit" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
1
Which sequence represents the order of development for many plants?
[ "seed develops inside fruit -> seed is dispersed -> seed germinates -> plant grows", "seed is dispersed -> seed develops inside fruit -> seed germinates -> plant grows", "seed germinates -> plant grows -> seed is dispersed -> seed develops inside fruit", "seed is dispersed -> plant grows -> seed germinates -> seed develops inside fruit" ]
0
[ "seed develops inside fruit -> seed is dispersed -> seed germinates -> plant grows", "larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult", "the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound", "electromagnet" ]
VASoL_2009_5_4
When ice cream is left out of a freezer, the ice cream changes from a ___.
{ "text": [ "solid to a gas", "gas to a liquid", "solid to a liquid", "liquid to a gas" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
When ice cream is left out of a freezer, the ice cream changes from a ___.
[ "solid to a gas", "gas to a liquid", "solid to a liquid", "liquid to a gas" ]
2
[ "the refraction of the sound waves", "A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds", "solid to a liquid", "hiking" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_9
Which equipment will best separate a mixture of iron filings and black pepper?
{ "text": [ "magnet", "filter paper", "triple-beam balance", "voltmeter" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
1
Which equipment will best separate a mixture of iron filings and black pepper?
[ "magnet", "filter paper", "triple-beam balance", "voltmeter" ]
0
[ "magnet", "They both have the same gravitational pull.", "the discovery of cells", "adaptation" ]
NAEP_2011_8_S11+3
Which characteristic is shared by all cells?
{ "text": [ "They need energy.", "They reproduce sexually.", "They make their own food.", "They move from place to place." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which characteristic is shared by all cells?
[ "They need energy.", "They reproduce sexually.", "They make their own food.", "They move from place to place." ]
0
[ "They need energy.", "deer", "It takes 29 days, which represents one cycle of the Moon's phases.", "nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen" ]
Mercury_7018305
On a small, isolated island, a hurricane destroyed all the trees that produced a large, hard-shelled nut. Which bird population would most likely decrease?
{ "text": [ "birds with long, probing beaks", "birds with thick, strong beaks", "birds with thin, short beaks", "birds with large, pouch beaks" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
On a small, isolated island, a hurricane destroyed all the trees that produced a large, hard-shelled nut. Which bird population would most likely decrease?
[ "birds with long, probing beaks", "birds with thick, strong beaks", "birds with thin, short beaks", "birds with large, pouch beaks" ]
1
[ "density", "birds with thick, strong beaks", "ribosome", "light moths in any environment" ]
Mercury_7145250
A cow and a frog have similar bone structures in their forelimbs. Both have phalanges, radius, ulna, and humerus bones. However, the cow and frog are animals with very different life cycles from each other. Which most likely describes why the body structures of these animals are so similar?
{ "text": [ "Both have undergone similar mutations.", "Both descended from a common ancestor.", "Both reacted similarly to environmental pressures.", "Both spread out from the same geographical region." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
A cow and a frog have similar bone structures in their forelimbs. Both have phalanges, radius, ulna, and humerus bones. However, the cow and frog are animals with very different life cycles from each other. Which most likely describes why the body structures of these animals are so similar?
[ "Both have undergone similar mutations.", "Both descended from a common ancestor.", "Both reacted similarly to environmental pressures.", "Both spread out from the same geographical region." ]
1
[ "gram", "Both descended from a common ancestor.", "glaciers", "increasing the frequency." ]
Mercury_7220903
A cell that is unable to import substances required to process chemical energy is most likely a result of a malfunctioning
{ "text": [ "cell membrane.", "endoplasmic reticulum.", "Golgi body.", "nuclear envelope." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
A cell that is unable to import substances required to process chemical energy is most likely a result of a malfunctioning
[ "cell membrane.", "endoplasmic reticulum.", "Golgi body.", "nuclear envelope." ]
0
[ "cell membrane.", "a fireplace fire heating a room on a cold day", "help make medicines from newly discovered plants.", "Recycling consumes more energy than making new paper." ]
Mercury_SC_416457
Which best describes all unicellular organisms?
{ "text": [ "Every cell is round.", "Every cell can make food.", "Every cell can move on its own.", "Every cell performs all life functions." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which best describes all unicellular organisms?
[ "Every cell is round.", "Every cell can make food.", "Every cell can move on its own.", "Every cell performs all life functions." ]
3
[ "the air in the oven", "An ecosystem is a very large community.", "igneous rock", "Every cell performs all life functions." ]
Mercury_7015313
When a transverse wave passes from right to left through a medium, what happens to the particles of the medium?
{ "text": [ "Particles travel from right to left along the wave.", "Particles travel from left to right along the wave.", "Particles move back and forth parallel to the wave.", "Particles move back and forth perpendicular to the wave." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
When a transverse wave passes from right to left through a medium, what happens to the particles of the medium?
[ "Particles travel from right to left along the wave.", "Particles travel from left to right along the wave.", "Particles move back and forth parallel to the wave.", "Particles move back and forth perpendicular to the wave." ]
3
[ "Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.", "after a heat wave", "unstable.", "Particles move back and forth perpendicular to the wave." ]
Mercury_7001663
Which characteristic below most likely accounts for our limited knowledge of galaxies?
{ "text": [ "their tiny size", "their magnetic cores", "their inability to produce light", "their great distance from Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which characteristic below most likely accounts for our limited knowledge of galaxies?
[ "their tiny size", "their magnetic cores", "their inability to produce light", "their great distance from Earth" ]
3
[ "uranium", "0°C.", "carnivores", "their great distance from Earth" ]
Mercury_7172778
Decomposers increase the fertility of the soil and prevent dead organisms from building up in the environment. In which way do decomposers make the soil more fertile?
{ "text": [ "by adding carbon", "by adding nitrogen", "by removing excess water", "by removing excess minerals" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Decomposers increase the fertility of the soil and prevent dead organisms from building up in the environment. In which way do decomposers make the soil more fertile?
[ "by adding carbon", "by adding nitrogen", "by removing excess water", "by removing excess minerals" ]
1
[ "increased rainfall rates near power plants", "by adding nitrogen", "boiling point", "The tilt of Earth changes throughout the year." ]
Mercury_7024168
When oxygen combines with hydrogen, which substance is formed?
{ "text": [ "water", "vinegar", "hydrochloric acid", "hydrogen dioxide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
When oxygen combines with hydrogen, which substance is formed?
[ "water", "vinegar", "hydrochloric acid", "hydrogen dioxide" ]
0
[ "water", "coal.", "It was once a hot desert.", "nuclear reactions in the stars" ]
Mercury_7150360
When plants undergo photosynthesis, a reaction produces sugar, oxygen, and water. During respiration, stored energy from the products of photosynthesis is converted to usable energy. In what form is the energy stored prior to use in respiration?
{ "text": [ "chemical energy", "kinetic energy", "light energy", "heat energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
When plants undergo photosynthesis, a reaction produces sugar, oxygen, and water. During respiration, stored energy from the products of photosynthesis is converted to usable energy. In what form is the energy stored prior to use in respiration?
[ "chemical energy", "kinetic energy", "light energy", "heat energy" ]
0
[ "chemical energy", "to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission", "The lightest layers are closest to the core.", "Because it reflects a mixture of yellow and blue light" ]
Mercury_7071558
Which of the following is a typical example of a unicellular organism?
{ "text": [ "earthworm", "bacteria", "fungi", "green algae" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which of the following is a typical example of a unicellular organism?
[ "earthworm", "bacteria", "fungi", "green algae" ]
1
[ "asthma", "bacteria", "long roots near the surface", "Rocks can destroy trees." ]
Mercury_7245403
Over geologic time, global mean sea level has varied significantly. Which change is most likely responsible for an increase in global mean sea level?
{ "text": [ "erosion of sediment from a mountain range", "mass extinction of marine organisms", "formation of an ocean trench", "melting of polar ice caps" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Over geologic time, global mean sea level has varied significantly. Which change is most likely responsible for an increase in global mean sea level?
[ "erosion of sediment from a mountain range", "mass extinction of marine organisms", "formation of an ocean trench", "melting of polar ice caps" ]
3
[ "conduction in the ocean", "a black cloth", "increases for metals.", "melting of polar ice caps" ]
Mercury_SC_401822
Which body system is most responsible for the removal of waste?
{ "text": [ "skeletal system", "nervous system", "muscular system", "excretory system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which body system is most responsible for the removal of waste?
[ "skeletal system", "nervous system", "muscular system", "excretory system" ]
3
[ "rabbit", "Ural Mountains", "using bright fluorescent lights", "excretory system" ]
OHAT_2007_8_23
In which environment is white fur color an advantage for survival?
{ "text": [ "desert", "grassland", "arctic tundra", "temperate forest" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
In which environment is white fur color an advantage for survival?
[ "desert", "grassland", "arctic tundra", "temperate forest" ]
2
[ "the number of steps taken by the runners", "change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.", "arctic tundra", "outer core" ]
Mercury_7212380
Which of these will best separate iron filings from sand?
{ "text": [ "water", "a magnifying glass", "a magnet", "rubbing alcohol" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which of these will best separate iron filings from sand?
[ "water", "a magnifying glass", "a magnet", "rubbing alcohol" ]
2
[ "a telescope", "The leaves provide shelter to growing seeds.", "a magnet", "valleys" ]
Mercury_414132
Which of these is the chemical symbol for magnesium?
{ "text": [ "Ma", "Mg", "Mn", "Mu" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which of these is the chemical symbol for magnesium?
[ "Ma", "Mg", "Mn", "Mu" ]
1
[ "helium.", "Mg", "plastic straw", "erosion" ]
Mercury_7121800
Which of the following is most likely to lead to error in an experiment?
{ "text": [ "bias", "repeated trials", "peer review", "use of a control" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which of the following is most likely to lead to error in an experiment?
[ "bias", "repeated trials", "peer review", "use of a control" ]
0
[ "bias", "swamp", "air", "light energy" ]
MCAS_2001_8_2
Which best describes transportation technology?
{ "text": [ "a system that is used to move people and products", "an enterprise that changes raw materials into goods", "the building and finishing of structures", "the conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which best describes transportation technology?
[ "a system that is used to move people and products", "an enterprise that changes raw materials into goods", "the building and finishing of structures", "the conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy" ]
0
[ "a system that is used to move people and products", "erosion.", "evaporation", "grain" ]
Mercury_7121765
In a gasoline-powered car, chemical energy from gasoline is transformed to make the car move. The motion of the car is what form of energy?
{ "text": [ "radiant energy", "nuclear energy", "electrical energy", "mechanical energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
In a gasoline-powered car, chemical energy from gasoline is transformed to make the car move. The motion of the car is what form of energy?
[ "radiant energy", "nuclear energy", "electrical energy", "mechanical energy" ]
3
[ "increased salinity", "solar energy.", "perimeter.", "mechanical energy" ]
Mercury_7011165
Which characteristic is affected by interactions with the environment?
{ "text": [ "weight", "eye color", "blood type", "handedness" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which characteristic is affected by interactions with the environment?
[ "weight", "eye color", "blood type", "handedness" ]
0
[ "weight", "increased fish populations", "Earth rotates around the sun.", "The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell." ]
Mercury_7033793
Which is the greatest impact humans have had on the carbon cycle?
{ "text": [ "clear-cutting forests", "manufacturing plastics", "burning fossil fuels", "growing agricultural crops" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which is the greatest impact humans have had on the carbon cycle?
[ "clear-cutting forests", "manufacturing plastics", "burning fossil fuels", "growing agricultural crops" ]
2
[ "Leaves help the plant absorb water.", "muscular", "burning fossil fuels", "a filament." ]
Mercury_SC_400301
The floating arrow on a compass always points towards the
{ "text": [ "west.", "east.", "south.", "north." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
The floating arrow on a compass always points towards the
[ "west.", "east.", "south.", "north." ]
3
[ "The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun.", "a centimeter ruler", "digestion.", "north." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_21
Which color shirt will reflect the most light on a hot, sunny day?
{ "text": [ "black", "blue", "red", "white" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which color shirt will reflect the most light on a hot, sunny day?
[ "black", "blue", "red", "white" ]
3
[ "green plants only", "cycling hydrogen into the soil", "digestive", "white" ]
MCAS_2005_9_13
A 10 g sample of aluminum and a 10 g sample of iron were each heated by 100 joules of energy. The temperature of the aluminum sample rose 11°C, while the temperature of the iron sample increased 23°C. Which statement best accounts for these results?
{ "text": [ "Iron is twice as dense as aluminum.", "Atoms of aluminum are smaller than atoms of iron.", "Using equal masses results in similar heat capacities.", "The specific heat of iron is less than that of aluminum." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
A 10 g sample of aluminum and a 10 g sample of iron were each heated by 100 joules of energy. The temperature of the aluminum sample rose 11°C, while the temperature of the iron sample increased 23°C. Which statement best accounts for these results?
[ "Iron is twice as dense as aluminum.", "Atoms of aluminum are smaller than atoms of iron.", "Using equal masses results in similar heat capacities.", "The specific heat of iron is less than that of aluminum." ]
3
[ "melted into liquid magma.", "half as fast as its revolution.", "the convection within Earth's mantle", "The specific heat of iron is less than that of aluminum." ]
MCAS_1999_4_31
If its food supply in a field decreases, the mouse population in that field will probably
{ "text": [ "increase.", "decrease.", "remain the same.", "become extinct." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
If its food supply in a field decreases, the mouse population in that field will probably
[ "increase.", "decrease.", "remain the same.", "become extinct." ]
1
[ "snowing.", "decrease.", "turn off Bunsen burner.", "There would be more days in each year." ]
Mercury_7234413
Overuse of soil for farming causes local disruptions of several Earth subsystems. Which of these is a part of the biogeochemical cycle that experiences the most severe local disruption?
{ "text": [ "release of carbon into the atmosphere", "release of oxygen into the atmosphere", "cycling phosphorus into the soil", "cycling hydrogen into the soil" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Overuse of soil for farming causes local disruptions of several Earth subsystems. Which of these is a part of the biogeochemical cycle that experiences the most severe local disruption?
[ "release of carbon into the atmosphere", "release of oxygen into the atmosphere", "cycling phosphorus into the soil", "cycling hydrogen into the soil" ]
2
[ "longer seasons.", "motorcycle", "cycling phosphorus into the soil", "high elevation snowfall." ]
MCAS_2007_8_5167
Which of the following is an example of a physical change but not a chemical change?
{ "text": [ "A log gives off heat and light as it burns.", "A tree stores energy from the Sun in its fruit.", "A penny lost in the grass slowly changes color.", "A water pipe freezes and cracks on a cold night." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which of the following is an example of a physical change but not a chemical change?
[ "A log gives off heat and light as it burns.", "A tree stores energy from the Sun in its fruit.", "A penny lost in the grass slowly changes color.", "A water pipe freezes and cracks on a cold night." ]
3
[ "percentage of the runners who finished the race.", "light", "they were formed millions of years ago.", "A water pipe freezes and cracks on a cold night." ]
Mercury_7080938
While conducting an investigation on refraction, a teacher uses a red laser pointer to show how a beam of light is affected as it passes through several glass objects. The teacher should make sure that the
{ "text": [ "room is totally dark.", "light source is ultraviolet.", "beam of light does not travel toward the students.", "room walls are shielded with insulating material." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
While conducting an investigation on refraction, a teacher uses a red laser pointer to show how a beam of light is affected as it passes through several glass objects. The teacher should make sure that the
[ "room is totally dark.", "light source is ultraviolet.", "beam of light does not travel toward the students.", "room walls are shielded with insulating material." ]
2
[ "climate change", "by the person who located the item", "beam of light does not travel toward the students.", "an increase in oxygen demand" ]
Mercury_SC_408443
One student wrote a report about an investigation in which fertilizer was added to tomato plants. Which information from that student's report would most help a second student repeat the investigation?
{ "text": [ "the amount of fertilizer added", "the height of the fertilized plants", "the size of each tomato produced", "the number of tomatoes produced" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
One student wrote a report about an investigation in which fertilizer was added to tomato plants. Which information from that student's report would most help a second student repeat the investigation?
[ "the amount of fertilizer added", "the height of the fertilized plants", "the size of each tomato produced", "the number of tomatoes produced" ]
0
[ "the amount of fertilizer added", "m^3/s", "It is transferred out of the system.", "Climate varies, but weather stays the same." ]
VASoL_2007_3_5
A student wants to look under a heavy rock. Which simple machine would be BEST to use to lift the rock?
{ "text": [ "Wheel and axle", "Lever", "Inclined plane", "Screw" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
A student wants to look under a heavy rock. Which simple machine would be BEST to use to lift the rock?
[ "Wheel and axle", "Lever", "Inclined plane", "Screw" ]
1
[ "The small size of cells keeps reactants together.", "Lever", "dimensions of the parts", "wind direction and amount of erosion" ]
Mercury_403680
Rust is a compound with the formula Fe_{2}O_{3}. Which elements combine to form rust?
{ "text": [ "iron and water", "iron and oxygen", "iron and air", "iron and acid" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Rust is a compound with the formula Fe_{2}O_{3}. Which elements combine to form rust?
[ "iron and water", "iron and oxygen", "iron and air", "iron and acid" ]
1
[ "movement of air from water to land", "iron and oxygen", "a cave drawing", "maintain blood pressure." ]
Mercury_400223
The chemical equation below shows a reaction of copper (Cu) with silver nitrate (AgNO_{3}) yielding silver (Ag) and copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO_{3})_{2}) Cu + 2AgNO_{3} -> 2Ag + Cu(NO_{3})_{2} Silver and copper(II) nitrate are called the
{ "text": [ "reactants.", "products.", "catalysts.", "inhibitors." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
The chemical equation below shows a reaction of copper (Cu) with silver nitrate (AgNO_{3}) yielding silver (Ag) and copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO_{3})_{2}) Cu + 2AgNO_{3} -> 2Ag + Cu(NO_{3})_{2} Silver and copper(II) nitrate are called the
[ "reactants.", "products.", "catalysts.", "inhibitors." ]
1
[ "as an acquired characteristic", "products.", "The weather stripping increases heat transfer by radiation.", "increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species" ]
Mercury_184625
What role does the centromere play in cellular reproduction?
{ "text": [ "It is the area where microtubules are formed.", "It is the area where the nucleus is during cell division.", "It is the area of alignment for the chromosomes.", "It is the area of attachment for chromatids." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
What role does the centromere play in cellular reproduction?
[ "It is the area where microtubules are formed.", "It is the area where the nucleus is during cell division.", "It is the area of alignment for the chromosomes.", "It is the area of attachment for chromatids." ]
3
[ "the serving size", "Conversations", "water", "It is the area of attachment for chromatids." ]
MCAS_2005_8_14
If 1 kg of the compound toluene melts at -95°C, then 500 g of toluene will
{ "text": [ "melt at -47.5°C.", "melt at -95°C.", "boil at 95°C.", "boil at 47.5°C." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
If 1 kg of the compound toluene melts at -95°C, then 500 g of toluene will
[ "melt at -47.5°C.", "melt at -95°C.", "boil at 95°C.", "boil at 47.5°C." ]
1
[ "reflectivity", "melt at -95°C.", "They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.", "precipitation" ]
Mercury_409478
A calculation based on the chemical energy of gasoline shows that a car should be able to go 100 miles on a gallon of fuel. When the car was driven on a test track, the car only went 25 miles on a gallon of fuel. What accounts for most of the difference?
{ "text": [ "the mass of the driver and the fuel carried by the car", "the wind resistance between the car and the air nearby", "the waste heat from the combustion of fuel in the engine", "the friction between the tires and the surface of the track" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
A calculation based on the chemical energy of gasoline shows that a car should be able to go 100 miles on a gallon of fuel. When the car was driven on a test track, the car only went 25 miles on a gallon of fuel. What accounts for most of the difference?
[ "the mass of the driver and the fuel carried by the car", "the wind resistance between the car and the air nearby", "the waste heat from the combustion of fuel in the engine", "the friction between the tires and the surface of the track" ]
2
[ "digestive and reproductive", "prevent braking of the bicycle.", "the waste heat from the combustion of fuel in the engine", "a reduction in the rate of species change" ]
Mercury_7038325
A student wants to find the relationship between the diameter of several plastic disks and the circumference of each disk. Which of these types of graphs should be constructed to determine this relationship?
{ "text": [ "pie graph", "line graph", "scatterplot", "box-and-whisker plot" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
A student wants to find the relationship between the diameter of several plastic disks and the circumference of each disk. Which of these types of graphs should be constructed to determine this relationship?
[ "pie graph", "line graph", "scatterplot", "box-and-whisker plot" ]
1
[ "decomposing", "line graph", "rubbing a penny against the mineral.", "landslides." ]
Mercury_SC_402624
When light is bounced off a mirror, the light is
{ "text": [ "reflected.", "refracted.", "absorbed.", "diffracted." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
When light is bounced off a mirror, the light is
[ "reflected.", "refracted.", "absorbed.", "diffracted." ]
0
[ "reflected.", "Energy loss increases the order in a system.", "The book is not very heavy.", "to protect the eggs from the wind" ]
Mercury_185430
Which of the following sentences best explains what happens when puddles evaporate?
{ "text": [ "The water absorbs into the ground.", "The particles of matter move more slowly.", "The water changes from one form to another.", "The particles of matter move closer together." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which of the following sentences best explains what happens when puddles evaporate?
[ "The water absorbs into the ground.", "The particles of matter move more slowly.", "The water changes from one form to another.", "The particles of matter move closer together." ]
2
[ "The speed and direction of the object will change.", "drilling for oil on the ocean floor", "The water changes from one form to another.", "a physical characteristic." ]
Mercury_SC_416101
Plants on hills keep dirt in place during a rain storm. Plant roots grow into the dirt and keep the dirt from moving. Why do roots grow into the dirt?
{ "text": [ "to release gases", "to release water", "to absorb energy", "to absorb nutrients" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Plants on hills keep dirt in place during a rain storm. Plant roots grow into the dirt and keep the dirt from moving. Why do roots grow into the dirt?
[ "to release gases", "to release water", "to absorb energy", "to absorb nutrients" ]
3
[ "flood", "the type of rock tested", "fishing from a bridge over the river", "to absorb nutrients" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_12
In animal skin tissue, cell division is responsible for
{ "text": [ "growth and repair", "sexual reproduction", "obtaining energy", "production of sex cells" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
1
In animal skin tissue, cell division is responsible for
[ "growth and repair", "sexual reproduction", "obtaining energy", "production of sex cells" ]
0
[ "growth and repair", "a plant cell", "Temperature", "potential energy that heats the air." ]
Mercury_7239680
Which process drives most of the ATP synthesis in a chloroplast?
{ "text": [ "flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient", "flow of tRNA across an electrochemical gradient", "exposure of ADP to electromagnetic waves", "exposure of carbohydrates to electromagnetic waves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which process drives most of the ATP synthesis in a chloroplast?
[ "flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient", "flow of tRNA across an electrochemical gradient", "exposure of ADP to electromagnetic waves", "exposure of carbohydrates to electromagnetic waves" ]
0
[ "flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient", "They lack genetic material.", "a shoelace being tied", "Creating shade for the plant" ]
NAEP_2000_8_S21+9
Which of the following is most consistent with the modern theory of evolution?
{ "text": [ "Parents pass their physical traits to their offspring; those offspring with traits that help them survive in the environment are able to reproduce.", "Parents change their physical traits in order to survive in the environment, then those parental traits are passed to their offspring.", "Life on this planet came from another planet far out in space.", "Living organisms have not changed for hundreds of millions of years." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which of the following is most consistent with the modern theory of evolution?
[ "Parents pass their physical traits to their offspring; those offspring with traits that help them survive in the environment are able to reproduce.", "Parents change their physical traits in order to survive in the environment, then those parental traits are passed to their offspring.", "Life on this planet came from another planet far out in space.", "Living organisms have not changed for hundreds of millions of years." ]
0
[ "Parents pass their physical traits to their offspring; those offspring with traits that help them survive in the environment are able to reproduce.", "break down dead animal matter.", "quartz", "a bird." ]
Mercury_7164115
Felicia investigated whether water color affected how fast the water heated in sunlight. She poured tap water into five beakers and placed food coloring in four out of the five beakers. Felicia then used a thermometer to measure the temperature of the water in each of the beakers. Which of these was used as control in her investigation?
{ "text": [ "mixing the food coloring in water", "testing the beaker of uncolored tap water", "using the same amount of water in each trial", "testing the colored water samples at different times" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Felicia investigated whether water color affected how fast the water heated in sunlight. She poured tap water into five beakers and placed food coloring in four out of the five beakers. Felicia then used a thermometer to measure the temperature of the water in each of the beakers. Which of these was used as control in her investigation?
[ "mixing the food coloring in water", "testing the beaker of uncolored tap water", "using the same amount of water in each trial", "testing the colored water samples at different times" ]
1
[ "sperm", "testing the beaker of uncolored tap water", "speed will be decreased", "desert sand" ]
Mercury_7085365
One process in the formation of sedimentary rocks is when rocks are
{ "text": [ "compressed by moving plates.", "heated and subjected to high pressure.", "broken up and deposited in layers.", "moved up along fault planes." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
One process in the formation of sedimentary rocks is when rocks are
[ "compressed by moving plates.", "heated and subjected to high pressure.", "broken up and deposited in layers.", "moved up along fault planes." ]
2
[ "Venus", "sneezing", "broken up and deposited in layers.", "Venus" ]
AIMS_2008_4_12
Western coral snakes have a striped color pattern and are poisonous. Arizona mountain king snakes look like western coral snakes but are not poisonous. The color pattern of the Arizona mountain king snake is an example of
{ "text": [ "camouflage.", "mimicry.", "mutualism.", "parasitism." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Western coral snakes have a striped color pattern and are poisonous. Arizona mountain king snakes look like western coral snakes but are not poisonous. The color pattern of the Arizona mountain king snake is an example of
[ "camouflage.", "mimicry.", "mutualism.", "parasitism." ]
1
[ "consumer to producer", "mimicry.", "rotation of Earth on its axis", "meters/minute." ]
Mercury_400056
Which plant trait is inherited?
{ "text": [ "the shape of its leaves", "the amount of water it receives", "the number of minerals it absorbs from soil", "the level of sunlight to which it is exposed" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which plant trait is inherited?
[ "the shape of its leaves", "the amount of water it receives", "the number of minerals it absorbs from soil", "the level of sunlight to which it is exposed" ]
0
[ "the shape of its leaves", "skeletal system", "hibernation", "The speed and direction of the object will both change." ]
Mercury_SC_406463
A student put 200 milliliters (mL) of water into a pot, sets the pot on a burner, and heats the water to boil. When the pot is taken off the burner, it contains only 180 milliliters (mL) of water. What happened to the rest of the water?
{ "text": [ "It was used up.", "It condensed.", "It was absorbed by the heat.", "It turned into water vapor." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
A student put 200 milliliters (mL) of water into a pot, sets the pot on a burner, and heats the water to boil. When the pot is taken off the burner, it contains only 180 milliliters (mL) of water. What happened to the rest of the water?
[ "It was used up.", "It condensed.", "It was absorbed by the heat.", "It turned into water vapor." ]
3
[ "matches, beaker, thermometer", "trait acquisition", "to use up all the materials", "It turned into water vapor." ]
Mercury_SC_408702
Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?
{ "text": [ "make food", "attract insects", "release pollen", "grow roots" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?
[ "make food", "attract insects", "release pollen", "grow roots" ]
0
[ "make food", "their environment", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "industrial" ]
Mercury_406518
Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest?
{ "text": [ "Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars", "Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury", "Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus", "Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest?
[ "Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars", "Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury", "Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus", "Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth" ]
3
[ "The Moon", "number of isotopes.", "activity of enzymes", "Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth" ]
Mercury_SC_410872
The aloe plant can absorb a lot of water during a rain shower. The extra water is stored in its leaves. The ability to store water in its leaves is most likely an adaptation to which type of environment?
{ "text": [ "one near the ocean", "one with dry conditions", "one with a variety of organisms", "one that receives a lot of sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
The aloe plant can absorb a lot of water during a rain shower. The extra water is stored in its leaves. The ability to store water in its leaves is most likely an adaptation to which type of environment?
[ "one near the ocean", "one with dry conditions", "one with a variety of organisms", "one that receives a lot of sunlight" ]
1
[ "migration.", "one with dry conditions", "sunburn on the skin surface", "grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them." ]
Mercury_7107258
When stratospheric ozone levels are reduced, the amount of ultraviolet radiation hitting Earth increases. Ozone depletion is most often caused
{ "text": [ "by the reversal of the magnetic field of Earth.", "when fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere.", "when electromagnetic waves from the Sun increase.", "by abrupt changes in weather and climate patterns." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
When stratospheric ozone levels are reduced, the amount of ultraviolet radiation hitting Earth increases. Ozone depletion is most often caused
[ "by the reversal of the magnetic field of Earth.", "when fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere.", "when electromagnetic waves from the Sun increase.", "by abrupt changes in weather and climate patterns." ]
1
[ "inertia of the ball", "when fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere.", "diamond.", "their respiratory system stops functioning." ]
MCAS_2010_5_11992
Owen tested a physical property of a mineral. He rubbed a mineral sample on a piece of white tile. The mineral left a red mark on the tile. Which of the following physical properties of the mineral was Owen most likely testing?
{ "text": [ "cleavage", "hardness", "luster", "streak" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Owen tested a physical property of a mineral. He rubbed a mineral sample on a piece of white tile. The mineral left a red mark on the tile. Which of the following physical properties of the mineral was Owen most likely testing?
[ "cleavage", "hardness", "luster", "streak" ]
3
[ "paper", "oak tree", "aerobic.", "streak" ]
TIMSS_2011_4_pg91
Which of these animals has a young form that looks the most like the adult form?
{ "text": [ "moth", "human", "frog", "butterfly" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which of these animals has a young form that looks the most like the adult form?
[ "moth", "human", "frog", "butterfly" ]
1
[ "protect its young.", "human", "Pine cones", "electrical." ]
Mercury_7093275
Two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in Earth's crust. Into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure?
{ "text": [ "fossils", "sediments", "igneous rock", "metamorphic rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in Earth's crust. Into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure?
[ "fossils", "sediments", "igneous rock", "metamorphic rock" ]
3
[ "having a scar", "Wedge, wheel and axle, and screw", "frog", "metamorphic rock" ]
Mercury_7083493
A student states that plants grow taller when grown in natural light than they do in artificial light. Which method is the best way to determine if the statement is fact or opinion?
{ "text": [ "conduct a controlled experiment", "discuss the statement with other students", "ask several teachers their thoughts", "propose a scientific conclusion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
A student states that plants grow taller when grown in natural light than they do in artificial light. Which method is the best way to determine if the statement is fact or opinion?
[ "conduct a controlled experiment", "discuss the statement with other students", "ask several teachers their thoughts", "propose a scientific conclusion" ]
0
[ "conduct a controlled experiment", "melting butter", "egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult", "light" ]
Mercury_SC_401793
Which object is powered by an electrical circuit?
{ "text": [ "a drum", "a flashlight", "a matchstick", "a wind-up toy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which object is powered by an electrical circuit?
[ "a drum", "a flashlight", "a matchstick", "a wind-up toy" ]
1
[ "add ice", "a flashlight", "shining a light on a sundial", "Parents are able to identify the nest." ]
Mercury_7245560
Which concept supports the endosymbiotic origin of complex, eukaryotic double-membrane structures?
{ "text": [ "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting endomembrane systems.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in the nucleus.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in ribosomes." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which concept supports the endosymbiotic origin of complex, eukaryotic double-membrane structures?
[ "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting endomembrane systems.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in the nucleus.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in ribosomes." ]
0
[ "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts.", "a pH imbalance", "test multiple variables.", "30" ]
VASoL_2010_5_1
Which of these human activities most relies on high-quality soil?
{ "text": [ "Hiking", "Hunting", "Coal mining", "Growing crops" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which of these human activities most relies on high-quality soil?
[ "Hiking", "Hunting", "Coal mining", "Growing crops" ]
3
[ "plant transpiration", "The gas is more visible than the air.", "excretory", "Growing crops" ]
Mercury_SC_415075
What is an example of a shelter in an ecosystem?
{ "text": [ "a gray squirrel eating an acorn", "a raccoon in a hollow log", "a blue whale migrating", "a tick feeding on a coyote" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
What is an example of a shelter in an ecosystem?
[ "a gray squirrel eating an acorn", "a raccoon in a hollow log", "a blue whale migrating", "a tick feeding on a coyote" ]
1
[ "Are dogs better pets than cats?", "a raccoon in a hollow log", "sand", "Limestone" ]
Mercury_7026408
Some areas of the world are experiencing more desert-like conditions. This change most favors survival of species with the ability to do which of the following?
{ "text": [ "consume large amounts of food", "become dormant for long periods", "sense infrared and ultraviolet light", "transpire water through the skin to the atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Some areas of the world are experiencing more desert-like conditions. This change most favors survival of species with the ability to do which of the following?
[ "consume large amounts of food", "become dormant for long periods", "sense infrared and ultraviolet light", "transpire water through the skin to the atmosphere" ]
1
[ "growth and reproduction", "become dormant for long periods", "packaging and transport of proteins", "the Sun to rotate once on its axis" ]
NAEP_2009_4_S11+2
Roger poured water over a pile of sand. Some of the sand washed away. This process is similar to which of the following?
{ "text": [ "The eruption of a volcano", "The erosion of the walls of a canyon", "The uplifting of mountain ranges", "The forming of dunes or mounds in a desert" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Roger poured water over a pile of sand. Some of the sand washed away. This process is similar to which of the following?
[ "The eruption of a volcano", "The erosion of the walls of a canyon", "The uplifting of mountain ranges", "The forming of dunes or mounds in a desert" ]
1
[ "They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells.", "The erosion of the walls of a canyon", "warm temperatures", "sunlight, soil, and heat" ]
Mercury_7081428
When an earthquake wave passes from the crust to the mantle, the wave
{ "text": [ "reverses direction.", "changes speed.", "increases energy.", "stops moving." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
When an earthquake wave passes from the crust to the mantle, the wave
[ "reverses direction.", "changes speed.", "increases energy.", "stops moving." ]
1
[ "A mule does not resemble either parent.", "changes speed.", "Earth's magnetism", "the train has a low density" ]
OHAT_2008_5_20
A student wraps a wire around an iron nail. The student then connects the wire to a battery. The nail attracts another nail and they stick together. What force holds the two nails together?
{ "text": [ "gravitational force", "magnetic force", "electric force", "friction force" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
A student wraps a wire around an iron nail. The student then connects the wire to a battery. The nail attracts another nail and they stick together. What force holds the two nails together?
[ "gravitational force", "magnetic force", "electric force", "friction force" ]
1
[ "size of seeds and amount of solution used", "magnetic force", "a volcano erupting", "sunset" ]
MSA_2015_5_8
Natural processes cause rapid and slow changes to Earth's surface. Which event causes changes to Earth's surface most rapidly?
{ "text": [ "an earthquake shaking the ground", "sediment washing into a bay", "a rainstorm weathering rock", "water flowing in stream" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Natural processes cause rapid and slow changes to Earth's surface. Which event causes changes to Earth's surface most rapidly?
[ "an earthquake shaking the ground", "sediment washing into a bay", "a rainstorm weathering rock", "water flowing in stream" ]
0
[ "an earthquake shaking the ground", "a microscope", "The granite forms a tall mountain.", "magnetism" ]
Mercury_7219135
Since 1961, Nevada has led the United States in production of which resource?
{ "text": [ "gold", "uranium", "lumber", "iron" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Since 1961, Nevada has led the United States in production of which resource?
[ "gold", "uranium", "lumber", "iron" ]
0
[ "gold", "wind turbine", "latitude", "meters" ]
Mercury_SC_407594
A class is testing the effect of exercise on heart rate. The heart rate of two students before exercise is compared to their heart rate after running around a track. Which procedure will most likely help the class correctly compare the results of the two students?
{ "text": [ "test students who are the same height", "have the students run on the same day", "measure the distance each student runs", "have the students run for the same amount of time" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
A class is testing the effect of exercise on heart rate. The heart rate of two students before exercise is compared to their heart rate after running around a track. Which procedure will most likely help the class correctly compare the results of the two students?
[ "test students who are the same height", "have the students run on the same day", "measure the distance each student runs", "have the students run for the same amount of time" ]
3
[ "skeletal and circulatory", "light", "fracture", "have the students run for the same amount of time" ]