question stringlengths 5 13.5k | choices listlengths 0 5 | answer_index int64 -1 4 | answer_text stringlengths 1 3.61k | source stringclasses 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What is the name for biochemical compounds that consist of one or more chains of small molecules called amino acids? | [
"hormones",
"lipids",
"proteins",
"protons"
] | 2 | proteins | sciq | Proteins are biochemical compounds that consist of one or more chains of small molecules called amino acids. Amino acids are the monomers of proteins. There are only about 20 different amino acids. The sequence of amino acids in chains and the number of chains in a protein determine the protein’s shape. Shapes may be v... |
What are the ionic compounds that produce negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water? | [
"acids",
"bases",
"enzymes",
"isotopes"
] | 1 | bases | sciq | Bases are ionic compounds that produce negative hydroxide ions (OH - ) when dissolved in water. An ionic compound contains positive metal ions and negative nonmetal ions held together by ionic bonds. (Ions are atoms that have become charged particles because they have either lost or gained electrons. ) An example of a ... |
The atomic number of tungsten is 74. therefore, in a neutral atom of tungsten, there are 74 electrons. the atomic number of argon is 18. therefore, in a neutral atom of argon, there are how many electrons? | [
"18",
"36",
"74",
"9"
] | 0 | 18 | sciq | The atomic number of tungsten is 74. Therefore, in a neutral atom of tungsten, there are 74 electrons. The atomic number of argon is 18. Therefore, in a neutral atom of argon, there are 18 electrons. |
What is the apparatus used for carrying out an electrolysis reaction? | [
"Golgi apparatus",
"an aqueous cell",
"an electrolytic cell",
"catalyst"
] | 2 | an electrolytic cell | sciq | An electrolytic cell is the apparatus used for carrying out an electrolysis reaction. In an electrolytic cell, electric current is applied to provide a source of electrons for driving the reaction in a nonspontaneous direction. In a voltaic cell, the reaction goes in a direction that releases electrons spontaneously. I... |
What two ways may light be transmitted? | [
"absorption and refraction",
"magnified or scattered",
"reflected or refracted",
"refracted or scattered"
] | 3 | refracted or scattered | sciq | Transmitted light may be refracted or scattered. When does each process occur?. |
Triggered by changes in the environment, migration and hibernation occur as cycles on what temporal basis? | [
"annual",
"bi-annually",
"monthly",
"seasonally"
] | 0 | annual | sciq | Examples of behaviors with annual cycles include migration and hibernation. Both are innate behaviors. They are triggered by changes in the environment, such as the days growing shorter in the fall. |
What pair of tubes that extends toward the ovaries features a fringelike structure that sweeps eggs inside? | [
"fallopian tubes",
"golgi apparatus",
"ovarian tubes",
"vas deferens"
] | 0 | fallopian tubes | sciq | Extending from the upper corners of the uterus are the two fallopian tubes. Each tube reaches (but is not attached to) one of the ovaries. The ovary end of the tube has a fringelike structure that moves in waves. The motion sweeps eggs from the ovary into the tube. |
In most animals, what sense is related to balance or equilibrium? | [
"feeling",
"hearing",
"tasting",
"vision"
] | 1 | hearing | sciq | |
Terminal pods are located at the end of what? | [
"fruits",
"leaves",
"spines",
"stems"
] | 3 | stems | sciq | Mendel investigated seven different characteristics in pea plants. In this chart, cotyledons refer to the tiny leaves inside seeds. Axial pods are located along the stems. Terminal pods are located at the ends of the stems. |
What forms when the spores from two parents fuse during sexual reproduction? | [
"monospore",
"spirogyra",
"xerophyte",
"zygospore"
] | 3 | zygospore | sciq | Sexual reproduction occurs when spores from two parents fuse and form a zygospore. |
What is the name of the galaxy we live in? | [
"Andromeda",
"Bode's Galaxy",
"Centaurus A",
"milky way"
] | 3 | milky way | sciq | Like other spiral galaxies, our galaxy has a disk, a central bulge, and spiral arms. The disk is about 100,000 light-years across and 3,000 light-years thick. Most of the Galaxy’s gas, dust, young stars, and open clusters are in the disk. |
What are the most common seedless vascular plants? | [
"ferns",
"grasses",
"trees",
"weeds"
] | 0 | ferns | sciq | Ferns are the most common seedless vascular plants ( Figure below ). They usually have large divided leaves called fronds. In most ferns, fronds develop from a curled-up formation called a fiddlehead ( Figure below ). The fiddlehead looks like the curled decoration on the end of a stringed instrument, such as a fiddle.... |
In a monogamous pairing, a male individual is generally paired with what other type of individual in a sexual relationship? | [
"drone",
"female",
"male",
"worker"
] | 1 | female | sciq | Visit this website (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/sex_selection) for informative videos on sexual selection. In monogamous systems, one male and one female are paired for at least one breeding season. In some animals, such as the gray wolf, these associations can last much longer, even a lifetime. Several explanations ... |
What is a mass spectrometer used to measure? | [
"optical atomic masses",
"partial atomic masses",
"relative atomic masses",
"subatomic masses"
] | 2 | relative atomic masses | sciq | Although the masses of the electron, the proton, and the neutron are known to a high degree of precision (Table 1.3 "Properties of Subatomic Particles*"), the mass of any given atom is not simply the sum of the masses of its electrons, protons, and neutrons. For example, the ratio of the masses of 1H (hydrogen) and 2H ... |
What combines sets of genes from two different parents leading to genetically diverse offspring? | [
"cellular reproduction",
"sexual destruction",
"sexual reproduction",
"subject reproduction"
] | 2 | sexual reproduction | sciq | |
Global warming will raise ocean levels due to melt water from glaciers and the greater volume of what? | [
"greenhouse gases",
"rain",
"rainforests",
"warmer water"
] | 3 | warmer water | sciq | Range shifts are already being observed: for example, some European bird species ranges have moved 91 km northward. The same study suggested that the optimal shift based on warming trends was double that distance, suggesting that the populations are not moving quickly enough. Range shifts have also been observed in pla... |
What are groups of young stars loosely held together by gravity called? | [
"closed clusters",
"constellations",
"galaxies",
"open clusters"
] | 3 | open clusters | sciq | Open clusters are groups of young stars loosely held together by gravity. |
What does a pollinator pick up from its body and carry directly to another plant of the same species? | [
"pathogen",
"pollen",
"seed",
"spore"
] | 1 | pollen | sciq | Wind-blown pollen might land anywhere and be wasted. Another adaptation solved this problem. Plants evolved traits that attract specific animal pollinators. Like the bee in Figure below , a pollinator picks up pollen on its body and carries it directly to another plant of the same species. This greatly increases the ch... |
What is formed when an oxygen atom picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from a solution? | [
"ammonia",
"liquid",
"turpentine",
"water"
] | 3 | water | sciq | |
What does the driving of turbines by the heating of water to steam accomplish? | [
"absorption of electricity",
"depletion of electricity",
"diffusion of electricity",
"generation of electricity"
] | 3 | generation of electricity | sciq | Nuclear reactors heat water to steam to drive a turbine for generation of electricity. |
What is a device that changes kinetic energy to electrical energy through electromagnetic induction? | [
"a battery",
"a diesel engine",
"a windmill",
"an electric generator"
] | 3 | an electric generator | sciq | An electric generator is a device that changes kinetic energy to electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. A simple diagram of an electric generator is shown in Figure below . In a generator, some form of energy is applied to turn a shaft. This causes a coil of wire to rotate between opposite poles of a magn... |
How many naturally occurring elements are known on earth? | [
"60",
"85",
"87",
"90"
] | 3 | 90 | sciq | An element, as defined in Chapter 1 "Chemistry, Matter, and Measurement", is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances. There are about 90 naturally occurring elements known on Earth. Using technology, scientists have been able to create nearly 30 additional elements that do not occur in n... |
What are the two types of vesicle transport called? | [
"dielectric and exocytosis",
"endocytosis and exocytosis",
"epithelium and exocytosis",
"eptocytosis and exocytosis"
] | 1 | endocytosis and exocytosis | sciq | |
What do you call a species that has died out in the past? | [
"endangered",
"extinct",
"inhabit",
"remnant"
] | 1 | extinct | sciq | Life is complex, and there are millions of species alive today. Many millions more lived in the past and then went extinct. Organisms include microscopic, single-celled organisms. They also include complex, multicellular animals such as you. Clearly, life science is a huge science. That’s why a life scientist usually s... |
Where does the embryo develop in a plant? | [
"inside the female plant after fertilization",
"inside the male plant after fertilization",
"inside the stem after fertilization",
"outside the female plant after fertilization"
] | 0 | inside the female plant after fertilization | sciq | In plants, the embryo develops inside of the female plant after fertilization. Algae do not keep the embryo inside of themselves but release it into water. This was the first feature to evolve that separated plants from green algae. This is also the only adaptation shared by all plants. |
What is the method of setting or correcting a measuring device by matching it to known measurement standards called? | [
"calibration",
"distortion",
"parallax",
"precision"
] | 0 | calibration | sciq | When using measuring devices, we often use a technique called calibration to increase the accuracy of our measurements. Calibration is a method of setting or correcting a measuring device by matching it to known measurement standards. To better understand calibration, we will look at the example of calibrating a thermo... |
What property of warm air causes it to rise above cold air? | [
"greater density",
"greater pressure",
"higher temperature",
"lower density"
] | 3 | lower density | sciq | The warm-air vent is placed near the floor of the room. Warm air is less dense than cold air so it rises. If the warm-air vent were placed near the ceiling instead, how would this affect the transfer of thermal energy throughout the room?. |
Which branch of biology studies animal behavior? | [
"anthropology",
"embryology",
"ethology",
"microbiology"
] | 2 | ethology | sciq | The branch of biology that studies animal behavior is called ethology. Ethologists usually study how animals behave in their natural environment. They try to determine the cause of behaviors, how behaviors develop, and how and why behaviors evolve. |
What unit of measure is equal to the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute? | [
"horsepower",
"joule",
"torque",
"watt"
] | 0 | horsepower | sciq | Power may be measured in a unit called the horsepower. One horsepower is the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute, which equals 745 watts of power. |
What organism is characterized by an incomplete digestive system and a single, tentacled opening? | [
"annelids",
"cnidarians",
"prokaryotes",
"sponges"
] | 1 | cnidarians | sciq | Cnidarians have an incomplete digestive system with a single opening. The opening is surrounded by tentacles, which are covered with nematocyst cells and used to capture prey. Digestion takes place in the digestive cavity. Nutrients are absorbed and gases are exchanged through the cells lining this cavity. Fluid in the... |
What term is not the same as energy, but means the energy per unit charge? | [
"frequency",
"mass",
"speed",
"voltage"
] | 3 | voltage | sciq | The second equation is equivalent to the first. Voltage is not the same as energy. Voltage is the energy per unit charge. Thus a motorcycle battery and a car battery can both have the same voltage (more precisely, the same potential difference between battery terminals), yet one stores much more energy than the other s... |
What specific part of the african violet is used to propagate other plants? | [
"leaves",
"petals",
"roots",
"spores"
] | 0 | leaves | sciq | |
What are fibers that depend on aerobic respiration called? | [
"evaporative fibers",
"fragile fibers",
"hydrogen fibers",
"oxidative fibers"
] | 3 | oxidative fibers | sciq | |
Which form of electromagnetic waves have more energy: low frequency wave or high frequency waves? | [
"high frequency waves",
"low frequency waves",
"neither",
"the same"
] | 0 | high frequency waves | sciq | The energy of electromagnetic waves depends on their frequency. Low-frequency waves have little energy and are normally harmless. High-frequency waves have a lot of energy and are potentially very harmful. |
Something that has all of the characteristics of life is considered to be what? | [
"alive",
"ecosystem",
"molecule",
"organism"
] | 0 | alive | sciq | There is not just one distinguishing feature that separates a living thing from a non-living thing. A cat moves but so does a car. A tree grows bigger, but so does a cloud. A cell has structure, but so does a crystal. Biologists define life by listing characteristics that living things share. Something that has all of ... |
What do the letters in our blood types represent? | [
"alleles",
"genomes",
"iron levels",
"proteins"
] | 0 | alleles | sciq | Another exception to Mendel's laws is a phenomenon called codominance . For example, our blood type shows codominance. Do you know what your blood type is? Are you A? O? AB? Those letters actually represent alleles. Unlike other traits, your blood type has three alleles, instead of two!. |
The two stages of photosynthesis are the light reactions and what? | [
"calvin cycle",
"digestive cycle",
"reproductive cycle",
"respiratory cycle"
] | 0 | calvin cycle | sciq | The two stages of photosynthesis are the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Do you see how the two stages are related?. |
What do living things need to survive? | [
"heat",
"molecules",
"nutrients",
"oxygen"
] | 2 | nutrients | sciq | There are three main ocean zones based on distance from shore. They are the intertidal zone , neritic zone , and oceanic zone . Distance from shore influences how many nutrients are in the water. Why? Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients. Li... |
The denser regions of the electron cloud are called what? | [
"cores",
"isotopes",
"lattices",
"orbitals"
] | 3 | orbitals | sciq | Some regions of the electron cloud are denser than others. The denser regions are areas where electrons are most likely to be. These regions are called orbitals . Each orbital has a maximum of just two electrons. Different energy levels in the cloud have different numbers of orbitals. Therefore, different energy levels... |
In studying energy, what term do scientists use to refer to the matter and its environment involved in energy transfers? | [
"ecosystem",
"molecule",
"system",
"world"
] | 2 | system | sciq | 6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics In studying energy, scientists use the term “system” to refer to the matter and its environment involved in energy transfers. Everything outside of the system is called the surroundings. Single cells are biological systems. Systems can be thought of as having a certain amount of order. It... |
To measure what changes that occur in chemical reactions, chemists usually use a related thermodynamic quantity, calledenthalpy? | [
"energy",
"entropy",
"evaporation",
"ion exchange"
] | 0 | energy | sciq | (a) Initially, the system (a copper penny and concentrated nitric acid) is at atmospheric pressure. (b) When the penny is added to the nitric acid, the volume of NO2 gas that is formed causes the piston to move upward to maintain the system at atmospheric pressure. In doing so, the system is performing work on its surr... |
A system in what state cannot spontaneously change, and therefore can do no work? | [
"balance",
"equality",
"equilibrium",
"stability"
] | 2 | equilibrium | sciq | |
What is a species that plays an especially important role in it's community called? | [
"Invasive",
"Leader",
"complement",
"keystone"
] | 3 | keystone | sciq | Some predator species are known as keystone species. A keystone species is one that plays an especially important role in its community. Major changes in the numbers of a keystone species affect the populations of many other species in the community. For example, some sea star species are keystone species in coral reef... |
What term that shows how fast a population is growing includes new members added to the population over a given period, as well as old members removed from the population? | [
"birth rate",
"emigration",
"growth rate",
"population density"
] | 2 | growth rate | sciq | The population growth rate is how fast a population is growing. The letter r stands for the growth rate. The growth rate equals the number of new members added to the population in a year for each 100 members already in the population. The growth rate includes new members added to the population and old members removed... |
The rings of what planet can be easily seen from earth? | [
"Neptune",
"Venus",
"jupiter",
"saturn"
] | 3 | saturn | sciq | All of the outer planets have numerous moons. They also have planetary rings made of dust and other small particles. Only the rings of Saturn can be easily seen from Earth. |
What planet is a blue green color? | [
"Mars",
"Mercury",
"sirius",
"uranus"
] | 3 | uranus | sciq | Uranus is a lot like Jupiter and Saturn. The planet is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. There is a thick layer of gas on the outside. Further on the inside is liquid. But Uranus has a higher percentage of icy materials than Jupiter and Saturn. These materials include water, ammonia, and methane. Uranus is also d... |
The simplest class of organic compounds is the what? | [
"Phenols",
"gas",
"hydrocarbons",
"particles"
] | 2 | hydrocarbons | sciq | isolating the individual components, preservationists are better able to determine the condition of an object and those books and documents most in need of immediate protection. The simplest class of organic compounds is the hydrocarbons, which consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen. Petroleum and natural gas are comp... |
Some meteorites are made of iron and nickel and are thought to be very similar to what part of the earth? | [
"core",
"crust",
"mantel",
"shelf"
] | 0 | core | sciq | Scientists study meteorites to learn about Earth’s interior. Meteorites formed in the early solar system. These objects represent early solar system materials. Some meteorites are made of iron and nickel. They are thought to be very similar to Earth's core ( Figure below ). An iron meteorite is the closest thing to a s... |
Which pathway carries somatosensory information from the face, head, mouth, and nasal cavity? | [
"cranial pathway",
"dual pathway",
"posterior pathway",
"trigeminal pathway"
] | 3 | trigeminal pathway | sciq | The trigeminal pathway carries somatosensory information from the face, head, mouth, and nasal cavity. As with the previously discussed nerve tracts, the sensory pathways of the trigeminal pathway each involve three successive neurons. First, axons from the trigeminal ganglion enter the brain stem at the level of the p... |
The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and what else? | [
"density",
"direction",
"velocity",
"volume"
] | 2 | velocity | sciq | The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and velocity. An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy. You can calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object with this equation:. |
Cycling, shoveling snow and cross-country skiing are examples of what kind of heart-strengthening activity? | [
"aerobic",
"anaerobic",
"exercise",
"metabolism"
] | 0 | aerobic | sciq | When done regularly, aerobic activities, such as cycling, make the heart stronger. Other aerobic activities include mowing lawn, shoveling snow and cross country skiing. |
What take the shape of their container, and are relatively easy to compress? | [
"fluids",
"gases",
"molecules",
"semi-fluids"
] | 1 | gases | sciq | The story is quite different for gases. Gases take the shape of their container, and they are relatively easy to compress. There are fewer gas particles per unit volume than for the same substance in the liquid or solid form. In fact, the liquid form of a given material is generally several hundred times more dense tha... |
What is moving air called? | [
"clouds",
"humidity",
"steam",
"wind"
] | 3 | wind | sciq | Moving air, like moving water, causes erosion. Moving air is called wind. |
What property makes bone marrow cells ideal for gene therapy? | [
"Matching",
"behavior reproduction",
"irreversible reproduction",
"lifelong reproduction"
] | 3 | lifelong reproduction | sciq | |
What is the name of the two metalloids in the carbon group called? | [
"silicon and germanium",
"silicon and gold",
"silver and gold",
"titantium and copper"
] | 0 | silicon and germanium | sciq | Group 14 is called the carbon group. This group contains two metalloids: silicon and germanium. Carbon is a nonmetal, and the remaining elements in this group are metals. |
What is the name of the zone where water is deeper than 200 meters called? | [
"aphotic zone",
"eccentric zone",
"euphotic zone",
"transition zone"
] | 0 | aphotic zone | sciq | The aphotic zone is water deeper than 200 meters. This is where too little sunlight penetrates for photosynthesis to occur. As a result, producers must make "food" by chemosynthesis , or the food must drift down from the water above. |
Diagnosing and treating cancer is a beneficial use of what potentially dangerous energy? | [
"mechanical",
"radiation",
"solar",
"thermal"
] | 1 | radiation | sciq | Radiation has several important uses, including diagnosing and treating cancer. |
Many adults and some children suffer from a deficiency of lactase. these individuals are said to be lactose intolerant because they cannot digest the lactose found in what? | [
"fruit",
"meat",
"milk",
"peanuts"
] | 2 | milk | sciq | Many adults and some children suffer from a deficiency of lactase. These individuals are said to be lactose intolerant because they cannot digest the lactose found in milk. A more serious problem is the genetic disease galactosemia, which results from the absence of an enzyme needed to convert galactose to glucose. Cer... |
Three-prong plugs, circuit breakers, and gfci outlets are safety features that recognize the danger of what? | [
"electricity",
"gravity",
"heat",
"magnetism"
] | 0 | electricity | sciq | Because electricity can be so dangerous, safety features are built into modern electric circuits and devices. They include three-prong plugs, circuit breakers, and GFCI outlets. You can read about these three safety features in the Figure below . You can learn more about electric safety features in the home by watching... |
Catabolic reactions break down large organic molecules into smaller molecules, releasing the energy contained in what? | [
"chemical bonds",
"crystals bonds",
"liquid bonds",
"molecular bonds"
] | 0 | chemical bonds | sciq | Catabolic Reactions Catabolic reactions break down large organic molecules into smaller molecules, releasing the energy contained in the chemical bonds. These energy releases (conversions) are not 100 percent efficient. The amount of energy released is less than the total amount contained in the molecule. Approximately... |
In qualitative analysis, reagents are added to an unknown chemical mixture in order to induce what? | [
"erosion",
"motion",
"precipitation",
"sunlight"
] | 2 | precipitation | sciq | Selective precipitation can also be used in qualitative analysis. In this method, reagents are added to an unknown chemical mixture in order to induce precipitation. Certain reagents cause specific ions to precipitate out; therefore, the addition of the reagent can be used to determine whether the ion is present in the... |
While climate change in earth history was due to natural processes, what is primarily to blame for recent global warming? | [
"factories",
"human actions",
"volcanos",
"wars"
] | 1 | human actions | sciq | Climate change in Earth history was due to natural processes. Recent global warming is due mainly to human actions. The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases into the air. This creates greater greenhouse effect and global warming. |
What is the simplest life cycle? | [
"binary life cycle",
"diploid life cycle",
"haploid life cycle",
"metamorphic cycle"
] | 2 | haploid life cycle | sciq | The haploid life cycle ( Figure below ) is the simplest life cycle. It is found in many single-celled organisms. Organisms with a haploid life cycle spend the majority of their lives as haploid gametes. When the haploid gametes fuse, they form a diploid zygote. It quickly undergoes meiosis to produce more haploid gamet... |
What keeps the moon orbiting earth? | [
"Coriolis effect",
"axial tilt",
"gravity",
"the Sun"
] | 2 | gravity | sciq | Gravity keeps the Moon orbiting Earth. Gravity keeps the planets orbiting the Sun. |
What are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions? | [
"inept bonds",
"ionic bonds",
"magnetic bonds",
"soluble bonds"
] | 1 | ionic bonds | sciq | Ionic bonds are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
What produces hormones that directly regulate body processes? | [
"hippocampus",
"hypothalamus",
"lymph glands",
"pancreas"
] | 1 | hypothalamus | sciq | The hypothalamus also produces hormones that directly regulate body processes. For example, it produces antidiuretic hormone. This hormone travels to the kidneys and stimulates them to conserve water by producing more concentrated urine. |
Comparing anatomy, and characterizing the similarities and differences, provides evidence of what process? | [
"devolution",
"emergence",
"evolution",
"regression"
] | 2 | evolution | sciq | Take a close look at this gorilla hand. The similarities to a human hand are remarkable. Comparing anatomy, and characterizing the similarities and differences, provides evidence of evolution. |
What is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust? | [
"carbon",
"helium",
"nitrogen",
"silicon"
] | 3 | silicon | sciq | What is this intricate orb? It is the greatly magnified skeleton of single-celled ocean organisms call radiolarian. The skeleton is made of an element that is extremely common on Earth. In fact, it is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust. It is also one of the most common elements in the entire universe. W... |
Which kind of genetics approach involves mutating or deleting genes provides researchers with clues about gene function? | [
"impossible genetics",
"inverse genetics",
"possible genetics",
"reverse genetics"
] | 3 | reverse genetics | sciq | Watch this short video (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/transgenic) explaining how scientists create a transgenic animal. Although the classic methods of studying the function of genes began with a given phenotype and determined the genetic basis of that phenotype, modern techniques allow researchers to start at the DNA ... |
More than half of all known organisms are what? | [
"enzymes",
"insects",
"mammals",
"spiders"
] | 1 | insects | sciq | The majority of arthropods are insects (Class Insecta). In fact, more than half of all known organisms are insects. There may be more than 10 million insect species in the world, although most of them have not yet been identified. In terms of their numbers and diversity, insects clearly are the dominant animals in the ... |
For what purpose does liver use the excess carbohydrate? | [
"convert starches",
"dilute carbohydrates",
"process sugar",
"to synthesize glycogen"
] | 3 | to synthesize glycogen | sciq | Obesity With obesity at high rates in the United States, there is a public health focus on reducing obesity and associated health risks, which include diabetes, colon and breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease. How does the food consumed contribute to obesity? Fatty foods are calorie-dense, meaning that they have mo... |
What are alkenes organic compounds that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms described as? | [
"insulated",
"saturated",
"strong",
"unsaturated"
] | 3 | unsaturated | sciq | Alkenes Organic compounds that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms are described as unsaturated. You have likely heard of unsaturated fats. These are complex organic molecules with long chains of carbon atoms, which contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarb... |
Electrons in covalent compounds are shared between the two atoms, unlike the case in what type of bonds? | [
"horizontal bonds",
"ionic bonds",
"soluble bonds",
"weak bonds"
] | 1 | ionic bonds | sciq | The two materials do have at least one thing in common. The atoms in the materials are held together by covalent bonds. These bonds consist of electrons shared between two or more atoms. Unlike ionic bonds, where electrons are either lost or gained by an atom to form charged ions, electrons in covalent compounds are sh... |
What is the resistance of a liquid to flow called? | [
"elasticity",
"permeability",
"turbulence",
"viscosity"
] | 3 | viscosity | sciq | Viscosity (η) is the resistance of a liquid to flow. Some liquids, such as gasoline, ethanol, and water, flow very readily and hence have a low viscosity. Others, such as motor oil, molasses, and maple syrup, flow very slowly and have a high viscosity. The two most common methods for evaluating the viscosity of a liqui... |
The mass of atoms is based on the number of protons and neutrons in what? | [
"components",
"electrons",
"molecules",
"nucleus"
] | 3 | nucleus | sciq | Atoms have a mass that is based largely on the number of protons and neutrons in their nucleus. |
Where do polychaete worms live? | [
"attached to marine life",
"in coral reefs",
"in tide pools",
"the ocean floor"
] | 3 | the ocean floor | sciq | Annelids called polychaete worms live on the ocean floor. They may be filter feeders, predators, or scavengers. The amazing feather duster worm in Figure below is a polychaete that has a fan-like crown of tentacles for filter feeding. |
What is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do? | [
"biogeography",
"geomorphology",
"heredity",
"lithography"
] | 0 | biogeography | sciq | Biogeography is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do. It provides more evidence for evolution. Let’s consider the camel family as an example. |
What are the two major types of seed plants called? | [
"deciduous and evergreen",
"flowers and fruits",
"gymnosperms and angiosperms",
"perennials and annuals"
] | 2 | gymnosperms and angiosperms | sciq | The two major types of seed plants are the gymnosperms (seeds in cones) and angiosperms (seeds in ovaries of flowers). Figure below shows how the seeds of gymnosperms and angiosperms differ. Do you see the main difference between the two seeds? The angiosperm seed is surrounded by an ovary . |
What do we call the energy-rich product of photosynthesis? | [
"chloride",
"glucose",
"insulin",
"sugar"
] | 1 | glucose | sciq | Glucose is the energy-rich product of photosynthesis, a universal food for life. It is also the primary form in which your bloodstream delivers energy to every cell in your body. |
How is oxygen transferred into the bloodstream? | [
"brain diffusion",
"hard diffusion",
"mean diffusion",
"simple diffusion"
] | 3 | simple diffusion | sciq | The oxygen enters the bloodstream from the alveoli , tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place ( Figure below ). The transfer of oxygen into the blood is through simple diffusion. |
Ringworm and athlete's foot are human diseases caused by what simple organisms? | [
"bacteria",
"fungi",
"insects",
"viruses"
] | 1 | fungi | sciq | Fungi are simple eukaryotic organisms that consist of one or more cells. They include mushrooms and yeasts. Human diseases caused by fungi include ringworm and athlete’s foot. Both are skin diseases that are not usually serious. A ringworm infection is pictured below ( Figure below ). A more serious fungus disease is h... |
What is the measure of the change in the velocity of a moving object called? | [
"acceleration",
"compression",
"pressurization",
"transmission"
] | 0 | acceleration | sciq | A car’s gas pedal, like the one in Figure below , is sometimes called the accelerator. That’s because it controls the acceleration of the car. Pressing down on the gas pedal gives the car more gas and causes the car to speed up. Letting up on the gas pedal gives the car less gas and causes the car to slow down. Wheneve... |
What is the usual treatment for acute bronchitis? | [
"antibiotics",
"pesticides",
"physical therapy",
"surgery"
] | 0 | antibiotics | sciq | Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, the air passages that conduct air into the lungs. The bronchi become red and swollen with infection. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria, and may last several days or weeks. It is characterized by a cough that produces phlegm, or mucus. Symptoms includ... |
What are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian? | [
"carnivores",
"insects",
"primates",
"rodents"
] | 2 | primates | sciq | Primates are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian primates. |
The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason what moves? | [
"animals",
"continents",
"oceans",
"planets"
] | 1 | continents | sciq | In some places, the oceanic crust comes up to a continent. The moving crust pushes that continent away from the ridge axis as well. If the moving oceanic crust reaches a deep sea trench, the crust sinks into the mantle. The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason that continents move. |
What is the concept by which two species within the same area to coexist by adapting by developing different specializations? | [
"character concept",
"character development",
"character displacement",
"feature displacement"
] | 2 | character displacement | sciq | Looking at different types of competition, ecologists developed the competitive exclusion principle . The principle states that species less suited to compete for resources will either adapt, move from the area, or die out. In order for two species within the same area to coexist, they may adapt by developing different... |
A turbine that spins a generator will produce? | [
"electricity",
"light",
"magnetic fields",
"solar energy"
] | 0 | electricity | sciq | You can follow the operation of an electricity-generating fission reactor in the image above. The reactor core is submerged in a pool of water. The heat from the fission reaction heats the water, which is pumped into a heat exchange container. There the heated water boils the water in the heat exchanger. The produced s... |
Meiosis in the sporophyte produces haploid cells called what? | [
"fibers",
"ions",
"seeds",
"spores"
] | 3 | spores | sciq | |
In this type of reaction, an element replaces another element in a compound, and the element is in any state of matter but is not an ion? | [
"double-replacement reaction",
"polar reaction",
"replication reaction",
"single-replacement reaction"
] | 3 | single-replacement reaction | sciq | A single-replacement reaction is one in which an element replaces another element in a compound. An element is in either the solid, liquid, or gas state and is not an ion. The example below shows the reaction of solid magnesium metal with aqueous silver nitrate to form aqueous magnesium nitrate and silver metal. |
What are the two distinct types of cells found in the animal kingdom? | [
"DNA and Eukaryotes",
"bacteria and eukaryotes",
"chromosomes and eukaryotes",
"prokaryotes and eukaryotes"
] | 3 | prokaryotes and eukaryotes | sciq | |
What category of elements are chacterized by their ability to reflect light, called luster, their high electrical and thermal conductivity, their high heat capacity, and their malleability and ductility? | [
"halogens",
"metals",
"noble gases",
"nonmetals"
] | 1 | metals | sciq | Metallic Solids Metals are characterized by their ability to reflect light, called luster, their high electrical and thermal conductivity, their high heat capacity, and their malleability and ductility. Every lattice point in a pure metallic element is occupied by an atom of the same metal. The packing efficiency in me... |
Angiosperms are also known as what? | [
"dead plants",
"dry plants",
"flowering plants",
"uncommon plants"
] | 2 | flowering plants | sciq | Introduction Plants are as essential to human existence as land, water, and air. Without plants, our day-to-day lives would be impossible because without oxygen from photosynthesis, aerobic life cannot be sustained. From providing food and shelter to serving as a source of medicines, oils, perfumes, and industrial prod... |
An estimated 100 trillion of these live in the gut of an average person? | [
"algae",
"bacteria",
"pathogens",
"viruses"
] | 1 | bacteria | sciq | It is estimated that 100 trillion bacteria live in the gut. This is more than the human cells that make up you. It has also been estimated that there are more bacteria in your mouth than people on the planet. There are over 7 billion people on the planet. |
The ability to regulate what, which is possessed by mammals, was an advantage as earth’s climate went through sudden and dramatic changes? | [
"body temperature",
"hair growth",
"mutations",
"reflex behaviors"
] | 0 | body temperature | sciq | Mammals have the ability to regulate body temperature. This is an advantage, as Earth’s climate went through sudden and dramatic changes. Mastodons, saber tooth tigers, hoofed mammals, whales, primates and eventually humans all lived during the Cenozoic Era ( Figure below ). |
What is the term for very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding dna? | [
"addition dna",
"models dna",
"recombinant dna",
"satellite dna"
] | 3 | satellite dna | sciq | The majority of the human genome is non-coding sequence. These sequences include regulatory sequences, and DNA with unknown functions. These sequences include tandem repeat elements known as satellite DNA , and transposons. Satellite DNA consists of very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding DNA. The repeating... |
What kind of map can show the features of the bottom of a body of water? | [
"basic",
"bathymetric",
"country",
"topographic"
] | 1 | bathymetric | sciq | Oceanographers use bathymetric maps to show the features of the bottom of a body of water. |
What evolved, adapted response to resource availability is the long-range seasonal movement of animals? | [
"Stagnation",
"changing",
"migration",
"regulating"
] | 2 | migration | sciq | Migration Migration is the long-range seasonal movement of animals. It is an evolved, adapted response to variation in resource availability, and it is a common phenomenon found in all major groups of animals. Birds fly south for the winter to get to warmer climates with sufficient food, and salmon migrate to their spa... |
When animals get rid of their gaseous waste, what is exhaled through their mouth and nose? | [
"carbon dioxide",
"carbon monoxide",
"hydrogen",
"oxygen"
] | 0 | carbon dioxide | sciq | |
What is another name for composite volcanos? | [
"fault lines",
"fjords",
"seismic giants",
"stratovolcanoes"
] | 3 | stratovolcanoes | sciq | Composite volcanoes are also called stratovolcanoes. This is because they are formed by alternating layers (strata) of magma and ash ( Figure below ). The magma that creates composite volcanoes tends to be thick. The steep sides form because the lava cannot flow too far from the vent. The thick magma may also create ex... |
Fossil records support the idea that periods of little change may be interrupted by bursts of rapid change, an evolutionary model contrasted by what? | [
"darwinian",
"elitism",
"gradualism",
"minimalism"
] | 2 | gradualism | sciq | When geologic and climatic conditions are changing, evolution may occur more quickly. Thus, long periods of little change may be interrupted by bursts of rapid change. This model of the timing of evolution is called punctuated equilibrium . It is better supported by the fossil record than is gradualism. |
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