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susceptibility | Who is at risk for Kidney Stones in Adults? ? | Anyone can get a kidney stone, but some people are more likely to get one. Men are affected more often than women, and kidney stones are more common in non-Hispanic white people than in non-Hispanic black people and Mexican Americans. Overweight and obese people are more likely to get a kidney stone than people of norm... |
causes | What causes Kidney Stones in Adults ? | Kidney stones can form when substances in the urinesuch as calcium, oxalate, and phosphorusbecome highly concentrated. Certain foods may promote stone formation in people who are susceptible, but scientists do not believe that eating any specific food causes stones to form in people who are not susceptible. People who ... |
information | What is (are) Kidney Stones in Adults ? | Four major types of kidney stones can form:
- Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stone and occur in two major forms: calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Calcium oxalate stones are more common. Calcium oxalate stone formation may be caused by high calcium and high oxalate excretion. Ca... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Kidney Stones in Adults ? | People with kidney stones may have pain while urinating, see blood in the urine, or feel a sharp pain in the back or lower abdomen. The pain may last for a short or long time. People may experience nausea and vomiting with the pain. However, people who have small stones that pass easily through the urinary tract may no... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Kidney Stones in Adults ? | To diagnose kidney stones, the health care provider will perform a physical exam and take a medical history. The medical history may include questions about family history of kidney stones, diet, GI problems, and other diseases and disorders. The health care provider may perform urine, blood, and imaging tests, such as... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Kidney Stones in Adults ? | Treatment for kidney stones usually depends on their size and what they are made of, as well as whether they are causing pain or obstructing the urinary tract. Kidney stones may be treated by a general practitioner or by a urologista doctor who specializes in the urinary tract. Small stones usually pass through the uri... |
prevention | How to prevent Kidney Stones in Adults ? | The first step in preventing kidney stones is to understand what is causing the stones to form. The health care provider may ask the person to try to catch the kidney stone as it passes, so it can be sent to a lab for analysis. Stones that are retrieved surgically can also be sent to a lab for analysis.
... |
considerations | What to do for Kidney Stones in Adults ? | - A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in a kidney when substances that are normally found in the urine become highly concentrated. - Kidney stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. - Certain foods may promote stone formation in people who are susceptible, but scientists do ... |
information | What is (are) Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Anemia is a condition in which the body has fewer red blood cells than normal. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues and organs throughout the body and enable them to use energy from food. With anemia, red blood cells carry less oxygen to tissues and organsparticularly the heart and brainand those tissues and organs ... |
information | What is (are) Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine.
Healthy kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin... |
causes | What causes Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | When kidneys are diseased or damaged, they do not make enough EPO. As a result, the bone marrow makes fewer red blood cells, causing anemia. When blood has fewer red blood cells, it deprives the body of the oxygen it needs.
Other common causes of anemia in people with kidney disease include blood loss ... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | The signs and symptoms of anemia in someone with CKD may include
- weakness - fatigue, or feeling tired - headaches - problems with concentration - paleness - dizziness - difficulty breathing or shortness of breath - chest pain
Anyone having difficulty breathing or with shortnes... |
complications | What are the complications of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Heart problems are a complication of anemia and may include
- an irregular heartbeat or an unusually fast heartbeat, especially when exercising. - the harmful enlargement of muscles in the heart. - heart failure, which does not mean the heart suddenly stops working. Instead, heart failure is a long-l... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider diagnoses anemia based on
- a medical history - a physical exam - blood tests
Medical History
Taking a medical history is one of the first things a health care provider may do to diagnose anemia. He or she will usually ask about the patients sy... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Depending on the cause, a health care provider treats anemia with one or more of the following treatments:
Iron
The first step in treating anemia is raising low iron levels. Iron pills may help improve iron and hemoglobin levels. However, for patients on hemodialysis, many studies show... |
considerations | What to do for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider may advise people with kidney disease who have anemia caused by iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid deficiencies to include sources of these nutrients in their diets. Some of these foods are high in sodium or phosphorus, which people with CKD should limit in their diet. Before making any dietary cha... |
considerations | What to do for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | - Anemia is a condition in which the body has fewer red blood cells than normal. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues and organs throughout the body and enable them to use energy from food. - Anemia commonly occurs in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD)the permanent, partial loss of kidney function. Most peopl... |
information | What is (are) Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | You and your doctor will work together to choose a treatment that's best for you. The publications of the NIDDK Kidney Failure Series can help you learn about the specific issues you will face.
Booklets
- Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Hemodialysis - Treatment Methods for Kidne... |
information | What is (are) Lupus Nephritis ? | Lupus nephritis is kidney inflammation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). SLE is an autoimmune diseasea disorder in which the bodys immune system attacks the bodys own cells and organs. Up to 60 percent of people with SLE are diagnosed with lupus nephritis, which can lead to significant illness and ... |
information | What is (are) Lupus Nephritis ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. The urine flows from the kidneys to the... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Lupus Nephritis ? | The symptoms of lupus nephritis may include high blood pressure, foamy urine, and edemaswelling, usually in the legs, feet, or ankles and less often in the hands or face.
Kidney problems often develop at the same time or shortly after lupus symptoms appear and can include
- joint pain ... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Lupus Nephritis ? | Lupus nephritis is diagnosed through urine and blood tests and a kidney biopsy:
- Urinalysis. Urinalysis is testing of a urine sample. The urine sample is collected in a special container in a health care providers office or commercial facility and can be tested in the same location or sent to a lab fo... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Lupus Nephritis ? | Lupus nephritis is treated with medications that suppress the immune system, so it stops attacking and damaging the kidneys. Standard treatment includes a corticosteroid, usually prednisone, to reduce inflammation in the kidneys. An immunosuppressive medication, such as cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil, is typ... |
complications | What are the complications of Lupus Nephritis ? | In many cases, treatment is effective in completely or partially controlling lupus nephritis, resulting in few, if any, further complications. However, even with treatment, 10 to 30 percent of people with lupus nephritis develop kidney failure, described as end-stage renal disease when treated with blood-filtering trea... |
considerations | What to do for Lupus Nephritis ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing lupus nephritis. People with kidney disease that progresses may need to talk with a health care provider about changes they may need to make to their diet. People with lupus nephritis and high blood pressure may benefit from reducin... |
considerations | What to do for Lupus Nephritis ? | - Lupus nephritis is kidney inflammation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). - The symptoms of lupus nephritis may include high blood pressure, foamy urine, and edema. - Lupus nephritis is diagnosed through urine and blood tests and a kidney biopsy. - Lupus nephritis is treated with medications th... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Skin Manifestation of Celiac Disease (For Health Care Professionals) ? | Dermatitis herpetiformis is characterized by small, clustered papules and vesicles that erupt symmetrically on the elbows, knees, buttocks, back, or scalp. The face and groin can also be involved. A burning sensation may precede lesion formation. Lesions are usually scratched off by the time a patient comes in for a ph... |
causes | What causes Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Skin Manifestation of Celiac Disease (For Health Care Professionals) ? | Dermatitis herpetiformis is caused by the deposit of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the skin, which triggers further immunologic reactions resulting in lesion formation. DH is an external manifestation of an abnormal immune response to gluten, in which IgA antibodies form against the skin antigen epidermal transglutaminase.... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Skin Manifestation of Celiac Disease (For Health Care Professionals) ? | A skin biopsy is the first step in diagnosing DH. Direct immunofluorescence of clinically normal skin adjacent to a lesion shows granular IgA deposits in the upper dermis. Histology of lesional skin may show microabscesses containing neutrophils and eosinophils. However, histology may reveal only excoriation due to the... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Skin Manifestation of Celiac Disease (For Health Care Professionals) ? | The sulfone dapsone can provide immediate relief of symptoms. For patients who cannot tolerate dapsone, sulfapyridine or sulfamethoxypyridazine may be used, although these medications are less effective than dapsone. A strict gluten-free diet is the only treatment for the underlying disease. Even with a gluten-free die... |
information | What is (are) Goodpasture Syndrome ? | Goodpasture syndrome is a pulmonary-renal syndrome, which is a group of acute illnesses involving the kidneys and lungs. Goodpasture syndrome includes all of the following conditions:
- glomerulonephritisinflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny clusters of looping blood vessels in the kidneys that... |
causes | What causes Goodpasture Syndrome ? | The causes of Goodpasture syndrome are not fully understood. People who smoke or use hair dyes appear to be at increased risk for this condition. Exposure to hydrocarbon fumes, metallic dust, and certain drugs, such as cocaine, may also raise a persons risk. Genetics may also play a part, as a small number of cases hav... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Goodpasture Syndrome ? | The symptoms of Goodpasture syndrome may initially include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and weakness. The lungs are usually affected before or at the same time as the kidneys, and symptoms can include shortness of breath and coughing, sometimes with blood. The progression from initial symptoms to the lungs being affected... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Goodpasture Syndrome ? | A health care provider may order the following tests to diagnose Goodpasture syndrome:
- Urinalysis. Urinalysis is testing of a urine sample. The urine sample is collected in a special container in a health care providers office or commercial facility and can be tested in the same location or sent to a... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Goodpasture Syndrome ? | Goodpasture syndrome is usually treated with
- immunosuppressive medications, such as cyclophosphamide, to keep the immune system from making antibodies - corticosteroid medications to suppress the bodys autoimmune response - plasmapheresisa procedure that uses a machine to remove blood from the body... |
considerations | What to do for Goodpasture Syndrome ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing Goodpasture syndrome. |
considerations | What to do for Goodpasture Syndrome ? | - Goodpasture syndrome is a pulmonary-renal syndrome, which is a group of acute illnesses involving the kidneys and lungs. Goodpasture syndrome includes all of the following conditions: - glomerulonephritis - the presence of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies - bleeding in the lungs - Good... |
information | What is (are) What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Interstitial cystitis*painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is one of several conditions that causes bladder pain and a need to urinate frequently and urgently. Some doctors have started using the term bladder pain syndrome (BPS) to describe this condition.
Your bladder is a balloon-shaped organ where your... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Signs of bladder problems include
- Urgency. The feeling that you need to go right now! Urgency is normal if you haven't been near a bathroom for a few hours or if you have been drinking a lot of fluids. But you may have a problem if you have strong urges before your bladder has had time to fill. All ... |
causes | What causes What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Many different problems can cause urgency, frequency, and bladder pain. Just a few of them are
- infections - bowel disorders - endometriosistissue that normally lines the womb that appears in other places outside of the womb - bladder cancer
Your doctor will ask you questions and r... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome? ? | Both men and women can get IC/PBS, though twice as many women are affected as men. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in middle age.
People with IC/PBS rarely have bladder pain all the time. The pain usually comes and goes as the bladder fills and then empties. The pain may go away for week... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Finding the cause of bladder pain may require several tests.
While tests may aid your doctor in making a diagnosis of IC/PBS, a careful review of your symptoms and a physical exam in the office are generally the most important parts of the evaluation. |
treatment | What are the treatments for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | No one treatment for IC/PBS has been found that works for everyone. Your doctor or nurse will work with you to find a treatment plan that meets your special needs. The plan may include diet and lifestyle changes, bladder retraining, activity and exercise, physical therapy, and various types of medicines. You should exp... |
considerations | What to do for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | - Bladder problems have many possible causes. - Your doctor will need to do tests to find the cause of your bladder problems. If all the test results are normal, you may have IC/PBS. - No one treatment option for IC/PBS works for everybody. - Treatments for IC/PBS may include changing your diet and exercising. - Me... |
information | What is (are) Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Hematuria is blood in the urine. Two types of blood in the urine exist. Blood that can be seen in the urine is called gross hematuria. Blood that cannot be seen in the urine, except when examined with a microscope, is called microscopic hematuria. |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Most people with microscopic hematuria do not have symptoms. People with gross hematuria have urine that is pink, red, or cola-colored due to the presence of red blood cells (RBCs). Even a small amount of blood in the urine can cause urine to change color. In most cases, people with gross hematuria do not have other sy... |
information | What is (are) Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage, one on each sid... |
causes | What causes Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Hematuria can be caused by menstruation, vigorous exercise, sexual activity, viral illness, trauma, or infection, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI). More serious causes of hematuria include
- cancer of the kidney or bladder - inflammation of the kidney, urethra, bladder, or prostatea walnut-shap... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)? ? | Almost anyone, including children and teens, can have hematuria. Factors that increase the chance a person will have hematuria include
- a family history of kidney disease - an enlarged prostate, which typically occurs in men age 50 or older - urinary stone disease - certain medications including as... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Hematuria is diagnosed with urinalysis, which is testing of a urine sample. The urine sample is collected in a special container in a health care providers office or commercial facility and can be tested in the same location or sent to a lab for analysis. For the test, a nurse or technician places a strip of chemically... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Hematuria is treated by treating its underlying cause. If no serious condition is causing hematuria, no treatment is needed. Hematuria caused by a UTI is treated with antibiotics; urinalysis should be repeated 6 weeks after antibiotic treatment ends to be sure the infection has resolved. |
considerations | What to do for Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing hematuria. |
considerations | What to do for Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | - Hematuria is blood in the urine. - Most people with microscopic hematuria do not have symptoms. People with gross hematuria have urine that is pink, red, or cola-colored due to the presence of red blood cells (RBCs). - Hematuria can be caused by menstruation, vigorous exercise, sexual activity, viral illness, traum... |
information | What is (are) What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | Erectile dysfunction* is when you cannot get or keep an erection firm enough to have sex. You may have ED if you
- can get an erection sometimes, though not every time - can get an erection, yet it does not last long enough for sex - are unable to get an erection at all
ED is sometim... |
causes | What causes What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | Erectile dysfunction often has more than one cause. Many diseases can damage nerves, arteries, and muscles. Some can lead to ED, such as
- high blood pressure - diabetes, when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high - clogged arteries - heart and blood vessel disease - chronic kidn... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction? ? | Erectile dysfunction affects men of all races and in all parts of the world. Men are more likely to have ED as they get older. For example, ED occurs in
- about 12 percent of men younger than 60 - 22 percent of men age 60 to 69 - 30 percent of men age 70 or older |
causes | What causes What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | Having ED can cause you to feel depressed or anxious. ED may also cause low self-esteem. When you have ED, you may not have a satisfying sex life. You may not feel as close with your sexual partner, which may strain your relationship.
See Your Doctor if You Have Erectile Dysfunction, ... |
causes | What causes What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | To find the cause of your ED, your doctor may
- take your medical and sexual history - ask you questions about your mental health - give you a physical exam - test your blood - give you a nighttime erection test - perform an injection test - perform a Doppler penile ultrasound
Me... |
treatment | What are the treatments for What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | Your doctor can offer you a number of treatments for ED. For many men, the answer is as simple as taking a pill. Other men have to try two or three options before they find a treatment that works for them. Dont give up if the first treatment doesnt work. Finding the right treatment can take time. You may want to talk w... |
prevention | How to prevent What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | You can prevent many of the causes of ED by making healthy lifestyle choices. Following a healthy diet may help prevent ED. Quitting smoking and getting physical activity are also important ways to prevent ED.
Physical activity increases blood flow throughout your body, including your penis. Talk with ... |
considerations | What to do for What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | To prevent ED, you should eat a healthy diet of whole-grain foods, fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy foods, and lean meats. A diet that causes you to be overweight and have heart and blood vessel disease can also lead to ED. You should avoid foods high in fat and sodium, the main part of salt. You should also avoid ... |
considerations | What to do for What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | - Erectile dysfunction (ED) is when you cannot get or keep an erection firm enough to have sex. You may have ED if you - can get an erection sometimes, though not every time - can get an erection, yet it does not last long enough for sex - are unable to get an erection at all - An erection occurs when blo... |
information | What is (are) Celiac Disease ? | Celiac disease is an immune disorder in which people cannot tolerate gluten because it damages the inner lining of their small intestine and prevents it from absorbing nutrients. The small intestine is the tubeshaped organ between the stomach and large intestine. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley and ... |
causes | What causes Celiac Disease ? | Researchers do not know the exact cause of celiac disease. Celiac disease sometimes runs in families. In 50 percent of people who have celiac disease, a family member, when screened, also has the disease.1
A person's chances of developing celiac disease increase when his or her genestraits passed from ... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Celiac Disease ? | As many as one in 141 Americans has celiac disease, although most remain undiagnosed.2 Celiac disease affects children and adults in all parts of the world and is more common in Caucasians and females.
Celiac disease is also more common among people with certain genetic diseases, including Down syndrom... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Celiac Disease ? | A person may experience digestive signs and symptoms, or symptoms in other parts of the body. Digestive signs and symptoms are more common in children and can include
- abdominal bloating - chronic diarrhea - constipation - gas - pale, foul-smelling, or fatty stool - stomach pain - nausea - vomi... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Celiac Disease ? | Signs and symptoms of celiac disease vary from person to person because of numerous factors, including
- the length of time a person was breastfed as an infant; some studies have shown that the longer an infant was breastfed, the later the symptoms of celiac disease appear - the age a person started e... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Celiac Disease ? | A health care provider diagnoses celiac disease with
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - blood tests - an intestinal biopsy - a skin biopsy
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history may help a health care provider diagnose celiac... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Celiac Disease ? | In some cases, a health care provider will order genetic blood tests to confirm or rule out a diagnosis of celiac disease. Most people with celiac disease have gene pairs that contain at least one of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene variants.4 However, these variants are also common in people without celiac disea... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Celiac Disease ? | Most people with celiac disease have a significant improvement in symptoms when they follow a gluten-free diet. Health care providers typically refer people to a dietitian who specializes in treating people with the disease. The dietitian will teach the person to avoid gluten while following a healthy and nutritious di... |
considerations | What to do for Celiac Disease ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition play a significant role in treating celiac disease. People with the disease should maintain a gluten-free diet by avoiding products that contain gluten. In other words, a person with celiac disease should not eat most grains, pasta, and cereal, and many processed foods.
Peop... |
considerations | What to do for Celiac Disease ? | - Celiac disease is an immune disorder in which people cannot tolerate gluten because it damages the lining of their small intestine and prevents absorption of nutrients. - When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villithe tiny,... |
information | What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | Your nervous system carries signals between your brain and other parts of your body through your spinal cord. Nerves are bundles of special tissues that transmit these signals.
The signals share information between your brain and body about how things feel. The signals also send information between you... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | Nerve damage symptoms depend on which nerves have damage. Some people have no symptoms or mild symptoms. Other people have painful and long-lasting symptoms. As most nerve damage develops over many years, a person may not notice mild cases for a long time. In some people, the onset of pain may be sudden and severe. |
information | What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy, and it affects the sensory nerves of your feet, legs, hands, and arms. These areas of your body may feel
- numb - weak - cold - burning or tingling, like pins and needles
You... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | The treatment for nerve damage from diabetes is based on your symptoms. No treatment can reverse nerve damage; however, it can help you feel better. Your doctor might suggest taking low doses of medicines that both treat other health problems and help the pain of neuropathy. Some of these medicines include
... |
considerations | What to do for Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | You can keep your nervous system healthy by taking these steps:
- Eat healthy meals and follow the meal plan that you and your doctor or dietitian have worked out. - If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit your intake to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. Drinking... |
information | What is (are) Hemochromatosis ? | Hemochromatosis is the most common form of iron overload disease. Too much iron in the body causes hemochromatosis. Iron is important because it is part of hemoglobin, a molecule in the blood that transports oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues. However, too much iron in the body leads to iron overloada buildup of... |
causes | What causes Hemochromatosis ? | Primary Hemochromatosis
Inherited genetic defects cause primary hemochromatosis, and mutations in the HFE gene are associated with up to 90 percent of cases.1 The HFE gene helps regulate the amount of iron absorbed from food. The two known mutations of HFE are C282Y and H63D. C282Y defects are the most... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Hemochromatosis ? | A person with hemochromatosis may notice one or more of the following symptoms:
- joint pain - fatigue, or feeling tired - unexplained weight loss - abnormal bronze or gray skin color - abdominal pain - loss of sex drive
Not everyone with hemochromatosis will develop these symptom... |
complications | What are the complications of Hemochromatosis ? | Without treatment, iron may build up in the organs and cause complications, including
- cirrhosis, or scarring of liver tissue - diabetes - irregular heart rhythms or weakening of the heart muscle - arthritis - erectile dysfunction
The complication most often associated with hemoch... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Hemochromatosis ? | Health care providers use medical and family history, a physical exam, and routine blood tests to diagnose hemochromatosis or other conditions that could cause the same symptoms or complications.
- Medical and family history. Taking a medical and family history is one of the first things a health care ... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Hemochromatosis ? | Health care providers treat hemochromatosis by drawing blood. This process is called phlebotomy. Phlebotomy rids the body of extra iron. This treatment is simple, inexpensive, and safe.
Based on the severity of the iron overload, a patient will have phlebotomy to remove a pint of blood once or twice a ... |
considerations | What to do for Hemochromatosis ? | Iron is an essential nutrient found in many foods. Healthy people usually absorb less than 10 percent of iron in the food they eat.6 People with hemochromatosis absorb up to 30 percent of that iron.6 People with hemochromatosis can help prevent iron overload by
- eating only moderate amounts of iron-ri... |
considerations | What to do for Hemochromatosis ? | - Hemochromatosis is the most common form of iron overload disease. Too much iron in the body causes hemochromatosis. - Inherited genetic defects cause primary hemochromatosis. - Primary hemochromatosis mainly affects Caucasians of Northern European descent. - A person with hemochromatosis may notice one or more of ... |
information | What is (are) Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | Adrenal insufficiency is an endocrine, or hormonal, disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of certain hormones. The adrenal glands are located just above the kidneys.
Adrenal insufficiency can be primary or secondary. Addisons disease, the common term for primary adrenal ins... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | Adrenal Insufficiency
The most common symptoms of adrenal insufficiency are
- chronic, or long lasting, fatigue - muscle weakness - loss of appetite - weight loss - abdominal pain
Other symptoms of adrenal insufficiency can include
- nausea -... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | People with adrenal insufficiency who have weakness, nausea, or vomiting need immediate emergency treatment to prevent an adrenal crisis and possible death. An injection with a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone called a corticosteroid can save a persons life. People should make sure to have a corticosteroid injection wi... |
causes | What causes Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | Autoimmune disorders cause most cases of Addisons disease. Infections and medications may also cause the disease.
Autoimmune Disorders
Up to 80 percent of Addisons disease cases are caused by an autoimmune disorder, which is when the bodys immune system attacks the bodys own cells and ... |
causes | What causes Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | A lack of CRH or ACTH causes secondary adrenal insufficiency. The lack of these hormones in the body can be traced to several possible sources.
Stoppage of Corticosteroid Medication
A temporary form of secondary adrenal insufficiency may occur when a person who has been taking a synthe... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | In its early stages, adrenal insufficiency can be difficult to diagnose. A health care provider may suspect it after reviewing a persons medical history and symptoms.
A diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency is confirmed through hormonal blood and urine tests. A health care provider uses these tests first ... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | After Addisons disease is diagnosed, health care providers may use the following tests to look at the adrenal glands, find out whether the disease is related to TB, or identify antibodies associated with autoimmune Addisons disease.
- Ultrasound of the abdomen. Ultrasound uses a device, called a transd... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | Adrenal insufficiency is treated by replacing, or substituting, the hormones that the adrenal glands are not making. The dose of each medication is adjusted to meet the needs of the patient.
Cortisol is replaced with a corticosteroid, such as hydrocortisone, prednisone, or dexamethasone, taken orally o... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | Adrenal crisis is treated with adrenal hormones. People with adrenal crisis need immediate treatment. Any delay can cause death. When people with adrenal crisis are vomiting or unconscious and cannot take their medication, the hormones can be given as an injection.
A person with adrenal insufficiency s... |
prevention | How to prevent Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | The following steps can help a person prevent adrenal crisis:
- Ask a health care provider about possibly having a shortage of adrenal hormones, if always feeling tired, weak, or losing weight. - Learn how to increase the dose of corticosteroid for adrenal insufficiency when ill. Ask a health care pr... |
considerations | What to do for Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | Some people with Addisons disease who are aldosterone deficient can benefit from following a diet rich in sodium. A health care provider or a dietitian can give specific recommendations on appropriate sodium sources and daily sodium guidelines if necessary.
Corticosteroid treatment is linked to an incr... |
considerations | What to do for Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease ? | - Adrenal insufficiency is an endocrine, or hormonal, disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of certain hormones. - Addisons disease, the common term for primary adrenal insufficiency, occurs when the adrenal glands are damaged and cannot produce enough of the adrenal hormone cortisol. The... |
information | What is (are) Hypothyroidism ? | Hypothyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone to meet the bodys needs. Thyroid hormone regulates metabolismthe way the body uses energyand affects nearly every organ in the body. Without enough thyroid hormone, many of the bodys functions slow down. About 4.6 perce... |
information | What is (are) Hypothyroidism ? | The thyroid is a 2-inch-long, butterfly-shaped gland weighing less than 1 ounce. Located in the front of the neck below the larynx, or voice box, it has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe. The thyroid is one of the glands that make up the endocrine system. The glands of the endocrine system produce and store h... |
causes | What causes Hypothyroidism ? | Hypothyroidism has several causes, including
- Hashimotos disease - thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid - congenital hypothyroidism, or hypothyroidism that is present at birth - surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid - radiation treatment of the thyroid - some medications
... |
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