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causes
What causes Causes of Diabetes ?
Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. In type 1 diabetesan autoimmune diseasethe bodys immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, ...
causes
What causes Causes of Diabetes ?
Type 2 diabetesthe most common form of diabetesis caused by a combination of factors, including insulin resistance, a condition in which the bodys muscle, fat, and liver cells do not use insulin effectively. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body can no longer produce enough insulin to compensate for the impaired abili...
causes
What causes Causes of Diabetes ?
Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction Hormones produced by the placenta and other pregnancy-related factors contribute to insulin resistance, which occurs in all women during late pregnancy. Insulin resistance increases the amount of insulin needed to control blood glucose levels. If the pancrea...
causes
What causes Causes of Diabetes ?
Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes. Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher...
causes
What causes Causes of Diabetes ?
Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes. Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher...
considerations
What to do for Causes of Diabetes ?
- Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. Scientists believe genes and environmental factors interact to cause diabetes in most cases. - People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia. Diabetes develops when the body doesnt make enough insulin or i...
information
What is (are) Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ?
Childhood nephrotic syndrome is not a disease in itself; rather, it is a group of symptoms that - indicate kidney damageparticularly damage to the glomeruli, the tiny units within the kidney where blood is filtered - result in the release of too much protein from the body into the urine ...
information
What is (are) Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ?
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. Children produce less urine than adu...
causes
What causes Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ?
While idiopathic, or unknown, diseases are the most common cause of primary childhood nephrotic syndrome, researchers have linked certain diseases and some specific genetic changes that damage the kidneys with primary childhood nephrotic syndrome. The cause of secondary childhood nephrotic syndrome is ...
symptoms
What are the symptoms of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ?
The signs and symptoms of childhood nephrotic syndrome may include - edemaswelling, most often in the legs, feet, or ankles and less often in the hands or face - albuminuriawhen a childs urine has high levels of albumin - hypoalbuminemiawhen a childs blood has low levels of albumin - hyperlipidemiaw...
complications
What are the complications of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ?
The complications of childhood nephrotic syndrome may include - infection. When the kidneys are damaged, a child is more likely to develop infections because the body loses proteins that normally protect against infection. Health care providers will prescribe medications to treat infections. Children w...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ?
A health care provider diagnoses childhood nephrotic syndrome with - a medical and family history - a physical exam - urine tests - a blood test - ultrasound of the kidney - kidney biopsy Medical and Family History Taking a medical and family history is one of the...
treatment
What are the treatments for Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ?
Health care providers will decide how to treat childhood nephrotic syndrome based on the type: - primary childhood nephrotic syndrome: medications - secondary childhood nephrotic syndrome: treat the underlying illness or disease - congenital nephrotic syndrome: medications, surgery to remove one or b...
prevention
How to prevent Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ?
Researchers have not found a way to prevent childhood nephrotic syndrome when the cause is idiopathic or congenital.
considerations
What to do for Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ?
Children who have nephrotic syndrome may need to make changes to their diet, such as - limiting the amount of sodium, often from salt, they take in each day - reducing the amount of liquids they drink each day - eating a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to help control elevated cholesterol l...
considerations
What to do for Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ?
- Childhood nephrotic syndrome is not a disease in itself; rather, it is a group of symptoms that - indicate kidney damageparticularly damage to the glomeruli, the tiny units within the kidney where blood is filtered - result in the release of too much protein from the body into the urine - The two types of ...
information
What is (are) Renal Tubular Acidosis ?
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to excrete acids into the urine, which causes a person's blood to remain too acidic. Without proper treatment, chronic acidity of the blood leads to growth retardation, kidney stones, bone disease, chronic kidney disease, and possibly total kid...
information
What is (are) Renal Tubular Acidosis ?
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to excrete acids into the urine, which causes a person's blood to remain too acidic. Without proper treatment, chronic acidity of the blood leads to growth retardation, kidney stones, bone disease, chronic kidney disease, and possibly total kid...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Renal Tubular Acidosis ?
To diagnose RTA, doctors check the acid-base balance in blood and urine samples. If the blood is more acidic than it should be and the urine less acidic than it should be, RTA may be the reason, but additional information is needed to rule out other causes. If RTA is the reason, additional information about the sodium,...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Renal Tubular Acidosis ?
To diagnose RTA, doctors check the acid-base balance in blood and urine samples. If the blood is more acidic than it should be and the urine less acidic than it should be, RTA may be the reason, but additional information is needed to rule out other causes. If RTA is the reason, additional information about the sodium,...
information
What is (are) Renal Tubular Acidosis ?
Type 1: Classical Distal RTA Type 1 is also called classical distal RTA. "Distal," which means distant, refers to the point in the urine-forming tube of the kidney where the defect occursrelatively distant from the point where fluid from the blood enters the tiny tube, or tubule, that collects fluid an...
information
What is (are) Renal Tubular Acidosis ?
Type 1: Classical Distal RTA Type 1 is also called classical distal RTA. "Distal," which means distant, refers to the point in the urine-forming tube of the kidney where the defect occursrelatively distant from the point where fluid from the blood enters the tiny tube, or tubule, that collects fluid an...
considerations
What to do for Renal Tubular Acidosis ?
- Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to excrete acids into the urine, which causes a person's blood to remain too acidic. - Without proper treatment, chronic acidity of the blood leads to growth retardation, kidney stones, bone disease, chronic kidney disease, and possibly tota...
considerations
What to do for Renal Tubular Acidosis ?
- Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to excrete acids into the urine, which causes a person's blood to remain too acidic. - Without proper treatment, chronic acidity of the blood leads to growth retardation, kidney stones, bone disease, chronic kidney disease, and possibly tota...
information
What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your diabetes under control ?
Diabetes problems are health problems that can happen when you have diabetes. If your diabetes is not under control, you will have too much glucose*, also called sugar, in your blood. Having too much glucose in your blood for a long time can affect many important parts of your body, such as your - bloo...
information
What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your diabetes under control ?
The A1C test, also called the hemoglobin A1C test, HbA1C, or glycohemoglobin test, is a blood test that reflects the average level of glucose in your blood during the past 3 months. Your A1C test result is given in percents. Your doctor might use the A1C test to help diagnose your diabetes. Your doctor will draw a samp...
considerations
What to do for Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your diabetes under control ?
Following a healthy eating plan is a key step in living with diabetes and preventing diabetes problems. Your health care team will help you make a healthy eating plan. More information is provided in the NIDDK health topic, What I need to know about Eating and Diabetes or call 18008608747.
prevention
How to prevent Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your diabetes under control ?
You can take steps each day to prevent diabetes problems. Steps Healthy Eating - Follow the healthy eating plan that you and your doctor or dietitian have made. - Learn what to eat to keep your blood glucose levels under control. - Make wise food choices to help y...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your diabetes under control ?
This chart lists important tests, exams, and vaccines to get at least once or twice a year. Tests, Exams, and Vaccines to Get at Least Once or Twice a Year Make Sure to A1C test - Have this blood test at least twice a year. Your result will tell you what your average blood gluco...
information
What is (are) Hepatitis B: What Asian and Pacific Islander Americans Need to Know ?
Hepatitis B is a liver disease spread through contact with blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected with the hepatitis B virus. The disease is most commonly spread from an infected mother to her infant at birth. Hepatitis B is also spread through sex, wound-to-wound contact, and contact with items that...
information
What is (are) Hepatitis B: What Asian and Pacific Islander Americans Need to Know ?
Hepatitis B may start as a brief, flu-like illness. Most healthy adults and children older than 5 completely recover after the bodys immune system gets rid of the virus. Hepatitis B becomes chronic when the bodys immune system cant get rid of the virus. Over time, having the virus can lead to inflammat...
susceptibility
Who is at risk for Hepatitis B: What Asian and Pacific Islander Americans Need to Know? ?
Since 1986, a hepatitis B vaccine has been available and should be given to newborns and children in the United States. The vaccine, however, is unavailableor has only recently become availablein many parts of the world. You are at higher risk for hepatitis B if you or your mother was born in a region of the world wher...
symptoms
What are the symptoms of Hepatitis B: What Asian and Pacific Islander Americans Need to Know ?
Hepatitis B is called a silent killer because many people have no symptoms, so the disease often progresses unnoticed for years. Unfortunately, many people first learn they have chronic hepatitis B when they develop symptoms of severe liver damage, which include - yellowish eyes and skin, called jaundi...
susceptibility
Who is at risk for Hepatitis B: What Asian and Pacific Islander Americans Need to Know? ?
Anyone can get hepatitis B, but some people are at higher risk, including - people who were born to a mother with hepatitis B - people who have close household contact with someone infected with the hepatitis B virus - people who have lived in parts of the world where hepatitis B is common, including...
information
What is (are) Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ?
Acquired cystic kidney disease happens when a person's kidneys develop fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, over time. Acquired cystic kidney disease is not the same as polycystic kidney disease (PKD), another disease that causes the kidneys to develop multiple cysts. Acquired cystic kidney disease occurs ...
information
What is (are) Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ?
Acquired cystic kidney disease differs from PKD in several ways. Unlike acquired cystic kidney disease, PKD is a genetic, or inherited, disorder that can cause complications such as high blood pressure and problems with blood vessels in the brain and heart. The following chart lists the differences: ...
frequency
How many people are affected by Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ?
Acquired cystic kidney disease becomes more common the longer a person has CKD. - About 7 to 22 percent of people with CKD already have acquired cystic kidney disease before starting dialysis treatments. - Almost 60 percent of people on dialysis for 2 to 4 years develop acquired cystic kidney disease....
causes
What causes Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ?
Researchers do not fully understand what causes cysts to grow in the kidneys of people with CKD. The fact that these cysts occur only in the kidneys and not in other parts of the body, as in PKD, indicates that the processes that lead to cyst formation take place primarily inside the kidneys.2
symptoms
What are the symptoms of Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ?
A person with acquired cystic kidney disease often has no symptoms. However, the complications of acquired cystic kidney disease can have signs and symptoms.
complications
What are the complications of Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ?
People with acquired cystic kidney disease may develop the following complications: - an infected cyst, which can cause fever and back pain. - blood in the urine, which can signal that a cyst in the kidney is bleeding. - tumors in the kidneys. People with acquired cystic kidney disease are more likel...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ?
A health care provider may diagnose a person with acquired cystic kidney disease based on - medical history - imaging tests Medical History Taking a medical history may help a health care provider diagnose acquired cystic kidney disease. A health care provider may sus...
treatment
What are the treatments for Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ?
If acquired cystic kidney disease is not causing complications, a person does not need treatment. A health care provider will treat infections with antibioticsmedications that kill bacteria. If large cysts are causing pain, a health care provider may drain the cyst using a long needle inserted into the cyst through the...
considerations
What to do for Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ?
No specific diet will prevent or delay acquired cystic kidney disease. In general, a diet designed for people on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis reduces the amount of wastes that accumulate in the body between dialysis sessions. More information is provided in the NIDDK health topics, Eat Right to ...
considerations
What to do for Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ?
- Acquired cystic kidney disease happens when a person's kidneys develop fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, over time. - Acquired cystic kidney disease occurs in children and adults who have - chronic kidney disease (CKD) - end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) - People with acquired cystic kidney disease may devel...
information
What is (are) Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
Benign prostatic hyperplasiaalso called BPHis a condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is also called benign prostatic hypertrophy or benign prostatic obstruction. The prostate goes through two main growth periods as a man ages. The firs...
information
What is (are) Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
The prostate is a walnut-shaped gland that is part of the male reproductive system. The main function of the prostate is to make a fluid that goes into semen. Prostate fluid is essential for a mans fertility. The gland surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder. The bladder neck is the area where the urethra join...
causes
What causes Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
The cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia is not well understood; however, it occurs mainly in older men. Benign prostatic hyperplasia does not develop in men whose testicles were removed before puberty. For this reason, some researchers believe factors related to aging and the testicles may cause benign prostatic hype...
frequency
How many people are affected by Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common prostate problem for men older than age 50. In 2010, as many as 14 million men in the United States had lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia.1 Although benign prostatic hyperplasia rarely causes symptoms before age 40, the occurrence and...
symptoms
What are the symptoms of Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
Lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia may include - urinary frequencyurination eight or more times a day - urinary urgencythe inability to delay urination - trouble starting a urine stream - a weak or an interrupted urine stream - dribbling at the end of urination ...
complications
What are the complications of Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
The complications of benign prostatic hyperplasia may include - acute urinary retention - chronic, or long lasting, urinary retention - blood in the urine - urinary tract infections (UTIs) - bladder damage - kidney damage - bladder stones Most men with benign prostatic hyperplasi...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
A health care provider diagnoses benign prostatic hyperplasia based on - a personal and family medical history - a physical exam - medical tests Personal and Family Medical History Taking a personal and family medical history is one of the first things a health care ...
treatment
What are the treatments for Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
Treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia may include - lifestyle changes - medications - minimally invasive procedures - surgery A health care provider treats benign prostatic hyperplasia based on the severity of symptoms, how much the symptoms affect a mans daily life, an...
treatment
What are the treatments for Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
The complications of benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment depend on the type of treatment. Medications Medications used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia may have side effects that sometimes can be serious. Men who are prescribed medications to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia ...
prevention
How to prevent Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
Researchers have not found a way to prevent benign prostatic hyperplasia. Men with risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia should talk with a health care provider about any lower urinary tract symptoms and the need for regular prostate exams. Men can get early treatment and minimize benign prostatic hyperplasia e...
considerations
What to do for Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, a health care provider can give information about how changes in eating, diet, or nutrition could help with treatment. Men should talk with a health care provider or dietitian about wh...
considerations
What to do for Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ?
- Benign prostatic hyperplasiaalso called BPHis a condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous. - The prostate is a walnut-shaped gland that is part of the male reproductive system. - The cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia is not well understood; however, it occurs mainly in older men...
information
What is (are) What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ?
A UTI is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscope. Bacteria * are the most common cause of UTIs. Normally, bacteria that enter the urinary tract are quickly removed by the body before they cause symptoms. But sometimes bacteria overcome the ...
causes
What causes What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ?
Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel, the part of the digestive tract where stool is changed from liquid to solid. The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes most UTIs. The urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the ureters attach to the bladder act like one-way...
susceptibility
Who is at risk for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection? ?
Any child can get a UTI, though girls get UTIs more often than boys. Children with a condition called vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) are at higher risk for UTIs. VUR causes urine to reflux at the point where one or both ureters attach to the bladder. When urine stays in the urinary tract, bacteria have a ...
symptoms
What are the symptoms of What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ?
A child with a UTI may not have any symptoms. When symptoms are present, they can range from mild to severe. UTI symptoms can include - fever - pain or burning during urination with only a few drops of urine at a time - irritability - not eating - nausea - diarrhea - vomiting - cloudy, dark, blo...
exams and tests
How to diagnose What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ?
A UTI is diagnosed by testing a sample of your childs urine. The way the urine is collected depends on your childs age: The health care provider looks at the urine sample with a microscope to check for bacteria or pus. The sample is also sent to a lab. The lab performs a urine culture by placing the sa...
treatment
What are the treatments for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ?
Bacteria-fighting medicines called antibiotics are used to treat a UTI. While the lab is doing the urine culture, the health care provider may begin treatment with an antibiotic that treats the bacteria most likely to be causing the infection. Once culture results are known, the health care provider may switch your chi...
exams and tests
How to diagnose What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ?
Talk with your childs health care provider after your childs UTI is gone. The health care provider may want to do more tests to check for VUR or a blockage in the urinary tract. Repeated infections in an abnormal urinary tract may cause kidney damage. The kinds of tests ordered will depend on the child and the type of ...
prevention
How to prevent What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ?
You can take the following steps to help prevent your child from getting a UTI: - Teach your child not to hold in urine and to go to the bathroom whenever your child feels the urge. - Teach your child how to properly clean himself or herself after using the bathroom to keep bacteria from entering the ...
considerations
What to do for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ?
To help prevent a UTI, make sure your child drinks enough fluids each day. Talk with your childs health care provider to find out how much fluid your child should drink.
considerations
What to do for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ?
- A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscope. - Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel, the part of the digestive tract where stool is changed from liquid to solid. - Any child can get a UT...
information
What is (are) Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ?
Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes the small bile ducts in the liver to become inflamed and damaged and ultimately disappear. The bile ducts carry a fluid called bile from the liver to the gallbladder, where it is stored. When food enters the stomach after a me...
causes
What causes Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ?
The causes of primary biliary cirrhosis are unknown. Most research suggests it is an autoimmune disease. The immune system protects people from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful foreign substances. An autoimmune disease is a disorder in which the bodys immune syste...
symptoms
What are the symptoms of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ?
The first and most common symptoms of primary biliary cirrhosis are - fatigue, or feeling tired - itching skin, and darkened skin in itching areas due to scratching - dry eyes and mouth Some people may have jaundice, a condition that causes the skin and whites of the eyes to turn yel...
complications
What are the complications of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ?
Most complications of primary biliary cirrhosis are related to cirrhosis and start after primary biliary cirrhosis progresses to cirrhosis. In some cases, portal hypertension and esophageal varices may develop before cirrhosis. Portal hypertension. The portal vein carries blood from the stomach, intest...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ?
A health care provider may use the following tests to diagnose primary biliary cirrhosis: - a medical and family history - a physical exam - blood tests - imaging tests - a liver biopsy A health care provider usually bases a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis on two out of thre...
treatment
What are the treatments for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ?
Treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis depends on how early a health care provider diagnoses the disease and whether complications are present. In the early stages of primary biliary cirrhosis, treatment can slow the progression of liver damage to cirrhosis. In the early stages of cirrhosis, the goals of treatment are...
considerations
What to do for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ?
A healthy diet is important in all stages of cirrhosis because malnutrition is common in people with this disease. Malnutrition is a condition that occurs when the body does not get enough nutrients. Cirrhosis may lead to malnutrition because it can cause - people to eat less because of symptoms such a...
considerations
What to do for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ?
- Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic disease that causes the small bile ducts in the liver to become inflamed and damaged and ultimately disappear. - When chronic inflammation damages the bile ducts, bile and toxic wastes build up in the liver, damaging liver tissue. This damage to the liver tissue can lead to cir...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Kidney Disease of Diabetes ?
People with diabetes should be screened regularly for kidney disease. The two key markers for kidney disease are eGFR and urine albumin. - eGFR. eGFR stands for estimated glomerular filtration rate. Each kidney contains about 1 million tiny filters made up of blood vessels. These filters are called gl...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Kidney Disease of Diabetes ?
People with diabetes should be screened regularly for kidney disease. The two key markers for kidney disease are eGFR and urine albumin. - eGFR. eGFR stands for estimated glomerular filtration rate. Each kidney contains about 1 million tiny filters made up of blood vessels. These filters are called gl...
prevention
How to prevent Kidney Disease of Diabetes ?
Blood Pressure Medicines Scientists have made great progress in developing methods that slow the onset and progression of kidney disease in people with diabetes. Drugs used to lower blood pressure can slow the progression of kidney disease significantly. Two types of drugs, angiotensin-converting enzym...
prevention
How to prevent Kidney Disease of Diabetes ?
Blood Pressure Medicines Scientists have made great progress in developing methods that slow the onset and progression of kidney disease in people with diabetes. Drugs used to lower blood pressure can slow the progression of kidney disease significantly. Two types of drugs, angiotensin-converting enzym...
considerations
What to do for Kidney Disease of Diabetes ?
- Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure in the United States. - People with diabetes should be screened regularly for kidney disease. The two key markers for kidney disease are estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin. - Drugs used to lower blood pressur...
considerations
What to do for Kidney Disease of Diabetes ?
- Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure in the United States. - People with diabetes should be screened regularly for kidney disease. The two key markers for kidney disease are estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin. - Drugs used to lower blood pressur...
information
What is (are) What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ?
Lactose * intestine lactase , enzyme *See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the words in bold type.
information
What is (are) What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ?
Lactose intolerance means you have symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas after you have milk or milk products. If your small intestine does not produce much lactase, you cannot break down much lactose. Lactose that does not break down goes to your colon. The colon is an organ that absorbs water ...
symptoms
What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ?
Common symptoms of lactose intolerance include - bloating, a feeling of fullness or swelling, in your belly - pain in your belly - diarrhea - gas - nausea You may feel symptoms 30 minutes to 2 hours after you have milk or milk products. You may have mild or severe symptoms.
considerations
What to do for What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ?
Talk with your doctor about your dietary plan. A dietary plan can help you manage the symptoms of lactose intolerance and get enough nutrients. If you have a child with lactose intolerance, follow the diet plan that your childs doctor recommends. Milk and milk products. You may be able to have milk and...
considerations
What to do for What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ?
- Lactose is a sugar found in milk and milk products. - Lactose intolerance means you have symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas after you have milk or milk products. - Your doctor will try to find out if you have lactose intolerance with a medical, family, and diet history; a physical exam; and medical tests....
information
What is (are) Cystocele ?
A cystocele, also called a prolapsed or dropped bladder, is the bulging or dropping of the bladder into the vagina. The bladder, located in the pelvis between the pelvic bones, is a hollow, muscular, balloon-shaped organ that expands as it fills with urine. During urination, also called voiding, the bladder empties thr...
causes
What causes Cystocele ?
A cystocele occurs when the muscles and supportive tissues between a womans bladder and vagina weaken and stretch, letting the bladder sag from its normal position and bulge into the vagina or through the vaginal opening. In a cystocele, the bladder tissue remains covered by the vaginal skin. A cystocele may result fro...
symptoms
What are the symptoms of Cystocele ?
The symptoms of a cystocele may include - a vaginal bulge - the feeling that something is falling out of the vagina - the sensation of pelvic heaviness or fullness - difficulty starting a urine stream - a feeling of incomplete urination - frequent or urgent urination Women who hav...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Cystocele ?
Diagnosing a cystocele requires medical tests and a physical exam of the vagina. Medical tests take place in a health care providers office, an outpatient center, or a hospital. The health care provider will ask about symptoms and medical history. A health care provider uses a grading system to determine the severity o...
treatment
What are the treatments for Cystocele ?
Cystocele treatment depends on the severity of the cystocele and whether a woman has symptoms. If a womans cystocele does not bother her, a health care provider may recommend only that she avoid heavy lifting or straining, which could worsen her cystocele. If a woman has symptoms that bother her and wants treatment, th...
considerations
What to do for Cystocele ?
Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing a cystocele.
considerations
What to do for Cystocele ?
- A cystocele, also called a prolapsed or dropped bladder, is the bulging or dropping of the bladder into the vagina. - A cystocele occurs when the muscles and supportive tissues between a womans bladder and vagina weaken and stretch, letting the bladder sag from its normal position and bulge into the vagina or throug...
information
What is (are) Whipple Disease ?
Whipple disease is a rare bacterial infection that primarily affects the small intestine. The infection may spread to any organ in the body; however, it more commonly affects the - joints - central nervous system, which includes the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves located throughout the body - hea...
information
What is (are) Whipple Disease ?
The small intestine is part of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is a tube-shaped organ between the stomach and large intestine. The upper GI tract also includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, or the first part of the small intestine. Most food digestion and nutrient absorption ta...
causes
What causes Whipple Disease ?
Bacteria called Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei) cause Whipple disease. T. whipplei infection can cause internal sores, also called lesions, and thickening of tissues in the small intestine. The villi take on an abnormal, clublike appearance and the damaged intestinal lining does not properly absorb nutrients, causing...
symptoms
What are the symptoms of Whipple Disease ?
Signs and symptoms of Whipple disease can vary widely from person to person. The most common symptoms of Whipple disease are - diarrhea - weight loss caused by malabsorption A person may not have diarrhea. Instead, other signs and symptoms of Whipple disease may appear, such as ...
complications
What are the complications of Whipple Disease ?
People with Whipple disease may have complications caused by malnutrition, which is due to damaged villi in the small intestine. As a result of delayed diagnosis or treatment, people may experience the following complications in other areas of the body: - long-lasting nutritional deficiencies - heart ...
exams and tests
How to diagnose Whipple Disease ?
A health care provider may use several tests and exams to diagnose Whipple disease, including the following: - medical and family history - physical exam - blood tests - upper GI endoscopy and enteroscopy A patient may be referred to a gastroenterologista doctor who specializes in d...
treatment
What are the treatments for Whipple Disease ?
The health care provider prescribes antibiotics to destroy the T. whipplei bacteria and treat Whipple disease. Health care providers choose antibiotics that treat the infection in the small intestine and cross the blood-brain barriera layer of tissue around the brain. Using antibiotics that cross the blood-brain barrie...
prevention
How to prevent Whipple Disease ?
Experts have not yet found a way to prevent Whipple disease.