qtype stringclasses 16
values | Question stringlengths 16 191 | Answer stringlengths 6 29k |
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genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to xeroderma pigmentosum ? | Xeroderma pigmentosum is caused by mutations in genes that are involved in repairing damaged DNA. DNA can be damaged by UV rays from the sun and by toxic chemicals such as those found in cigarette smoke. Normal cells are usually able to fix DNA damage before it causes problems. However, in people with xeroderma pigment... |
inheritance | Is xeroderma pigmentosum inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for xeroderma pigmentosum ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of xeroderma pigmentosum: - American Cancer Society: How are Squamous and Basal Cell Skin Cancer Diagnosed? - American Cancer Society: How is Melanoma Diagnosed? - Gene Review: Gene Review: Xeroderma Pigmentosum - Genetic Testing Registry: Xeroderma pigmentosum -... |
information | What is (are) transthyretin amyloidosis ? | Transthyretin amyloidosis is a slowly progressive condition characterized by the buildup of abnormal deposits of a protein called amyloid (amyloidosis) in the body's organs and tissues. These protein deposits most frequently occur in the peripheral nervous system, which is made up of nerves connecting the brain and spi... |
frequency | How many people are affected by transthyretin amyloidosis ? | The exact incidence of transthyretin amyloidosis is unknown. In northern Portugal, the incidence of this condition is thought to be one in 538 people. Transthyretin amyloidosis is less common among Americans of European descent, where it is estimated to affect one in 100,000 people. The cardiac form of transthyretin am... |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to transthyretin amyloidosis ? | Mutations in the TTR gene cause transthyretin amyloidosis. The TTR gene provides instructions for producing a protein called transthyretin. Transthyretin transports vitamin A (retinol) and a hormone called thyroxine throughout the body. To transport retinol and thyroxine, four transthyretin proteins must be attached (b... |
inheritance | Is transthyretin amyloidosis inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person inherits the mutation from one affected parent. Rarely, cases result from new mutations in the gene and occur in people with no hist... |
treatment | What are the treatments for transthyretin amyloidosis ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of transthyretin amyloidosis: - Boston University: Amyloid Treatment & Research Program - Gene Review: Gene Review: Familial Transthyretin Amyloidosis - Genetic Testing Registry: Amyloidogenic transthyretin amyloidosis - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Autonomic neuropa... |
information | What is (are) enlarged parietal foramina ? | Enlarged parietal foramina is an inherited condition of impaired skull development. It is characterized by enlarged openings (foramina) in the parietal bones, which are the two bones that form the top and sides of the skull. This condition is due to incomplete bone formation (ossification) within the parietal bones. Th... |
frequency | How many people are affected by enlarged parietal foramina ? | The prevalence of enlarged parietal foramina is estimated to be 1 in 15,000 to 50,000 individuals. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to enlarged parietal foramina ? | Mutations in the ALX4 gene account for 60 percent of cases of enlarged parietal foramina and mutations in the MSX2 gene account for 40 percent of cases. These genes provide instructions for producing proteins called transcription factors, which are required for proper development throughout the body. Transcription fact... |
inheritance | Is enlarged parietal foramina inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person has one parent with the condition. However, in rare cases, people who inherit an altered gene do not have enlarged parietal foramina... |
treatment | What are the treatments for enlarged parietal foramina ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of enlarged parietal foramina: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Enlarged Parietal Foramina - Genetic Testing Registry: Parietal foramina - Genetic Testing Registry: Parietal foramina 1 - Genetic Testing Registry: Parietal foramina 2 - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Skull o... |
information | What is (are) benign essential blepharospasm ? | Benign essential blepharospasm is a condition characterized by abnormal blinking or spasms of the eyelids. This condition is a type of dystonia, which is a group of movement disorders involving uncontrolled tensing of the muscles (muscle contractions), rhythmic shaking (tremors), and other involuntary movements. Benign... |
frequency | How many people are affected by benign essential blepharospasm ? | Benign essential blepharospasm affects an estimated 20,000 to 50,000 people in the United States. For unknown reasons, it occurs in women more than twice as often as it occurs in men. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to benign essential blepharospasm ? | The causes of benign essential blepharospasm are unknown, although the disorder likely results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain genetic changes probably increase the likelihood of developing this condition, and environmental factors may trigger the signs and symptoms in people who are at... |
inheritance | Is benign essential blepharospasm inherited ? | Most cases of benign essential blepharospasm are sporadic, which means that the condition occurs in people with no history of this disorder or other forms of dystonia in their family. Less commonly, benign essential blepharospasm has been found to run in families. In some of these families, the condition appears to ha... |
treatment | What are the treatments for benign essential blepharospasm ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of benign essential blepharospasm: - Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation: Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Blepharospasm - Dystonia Medical Research Foundation: Treatments for dystonia - Genetic Testing Registry: Blepharospasm - MedlinePlus Encyclop... |
information | What is (are) tyrosinemia ? | Tyrosinemia is a genetic disorder characterized by disruptions in the multistep process that breaks down the amino acid tyrosine, a building block of most proteins. If untreated, tyrosine and its byproducts build up in tissues and organs, which can lead to serious health problems. There are three types of tyrosinemia,... |
frequency | How many people are affected by tyrosinemia ? | Worldwide, tyrosinemia type I affects about 1 in 100,000 individuals. This type is more common in Norway where 1 in 60,000 to 74,000 individuals are affected. Tyrosinemia type I is even more common in Quebec, Canada where it occurs in about 1 in 16,000 individuals. In the Saguenay-Lac St. Jean region of Quebec, tyrosin... |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to tyrosinemia ? | Mutations in the FAH, TAT, and HPD genes can cause tyrosinemia types I, II, and III, respectively. In the liver, enzymes break down tyrosine in a five step process, resulting in molecules that are either excreted by the kidneys or used to produce energy or make other substances in the body. The FAH gene provides instr... |
inheritance | Is tyrosinemia inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for tyrosinemia ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of tyrosinemia: - Baby's First Test: Tyrosinemia, Type I - Baby's First Test: Tyrosinemia, Type II - Baby's First Test: Tyrosinemia, Type III - Gene Review: Gene Review: Tyrosinemia Type I - Genetic Testing Registry: 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase deficiency... |
information | What is (are) Muckle-Wells syndrome ? | Muckle-Wells syndrome is a disorder characterized by periodic episodes of skin rash, fever, and joint pain. Progressive hearing loss and kidney damage also occur in this disorder. People with Muckle-Wells syndrome have recurrent "flare-ups" that begin during infancy or early childhood. These episodes may appear to ari... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Muckle-Wells syndrome ? | Muckle-Wells syndrome is a rare disorder. It has been reported in many regions of the world, but its prevalence is unknown. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Muckle-Wells syndrome ? | Mutations in the NLRP3 gene (also known as CIAS1) cause Muckle-Wells syndrome. The NLRP3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called cryopyrin. Cryopyrin belongs to a family of proteins called nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) proteins. These proteins are involved in the imm... |
inheritance | Is Muckle-Wells syndrome inherited ? | This condition is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In some cases, the inheritance pattern is unknown. |
treatment | What are the treatments for Muckle-Wells syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Muckle-Wells syndrome: - Genetic Testing Registry: Familial amyloid nephropathy with urticaria AND deafness These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy -... |
information | What is (are) 3MC syndrome ? | 3MC syndrome is a disorder characterized by unusual facial features and problems affecting other tissues and organs of the body. The distinctive facial features of people with 3MC syndrome include widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), a narrowing of the eye opening (blepharophimosis), droopy eyelids (ptosis), highly arc... |
frequency | How many people are affected by 3MC syndrome ? | 3MC syndrome is a rare disorder; its exact prevalence is unknown. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to 3MC syndrome ? | 3MC syndrome is caused by mutations in the COLEC11 or MASP1 gene. These genes provide instructions for making proteins that are involved in a series of reactions called the lectin complement pathway. This pathway is thought to help direct the movement (migration) of cells during early development before birth to form t... |
inheritance | Is 3MC syndrome inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for 3MC syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of 3MC syndrome: - Genetic Testing Registry: Carnevale syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Craniofacial-ulnar-renal syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Malpuech facial clefting syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Michels syndrome These resources from MedlineP... |
information | What is (are) tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency ? | Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) deficiency is a disorder that primarily affects movement, with symptoms that may range from mild to severe. The mild form of this disorder is called TH-deficient dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Symptoms usually appear during childhood. Affected individuals may exhibit unusual limb positioning... |
frequency | How many people are affected by tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency ? | The prevalence of TH deficiency is unknown. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency ? | Mutations in the TH gene cause TH deficiency. The TH gene provides instructions for making the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which is important for normal functioning of the nervous system. Tyrosine hydroxylase takes part in the pathway that produces a group of chemical messengers (hormones) called catecholamines. Tyros... |
inheritance | Is tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of TH deficiency: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency - Genetic Testing Registry: Segawa syndrome, autosomal recessive These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Di... |
information | What is (are) Treacher Collins syndrome ? | Treacher Collins syndrome is a condition that affects the development of bones and other tissues of the face. The signs and symptoms of this disorder vary greatly, ranging from almost unnoticeable to severe. Most affected individuals have underdeveloped facial bones, particularly the cheek bones, and a very small jaw a... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Treacher Collins syndrome ? | This condition affects an estimated 1 in 50,000 people. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Treacher Collins syndrome ? | Mutations in the TCOF1, POLR1C, or POLR1D gene can cause Treacher Collins syndrome. TCOF1 gene mutations are the most common cause of the disorder, accounting for 81 to 93 percent of all cases. POLR1C and POLR1D gene mutations cause an additional 2 percent of cases. In individuals without an identified mutation in one ... |
inheritance | Is Treacher Collins syndrome inherited ? | When Treacher Collins syndrome results from mutations in the TCOF1 or POLR1D gene, it is considered an autosomal dominant condition, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. About 60 percent of these cases result from new mutations in the gene and occur in people with n... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Treacher Collins syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Treacher Collins syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Treacher Collins Syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Mandibulofacial dysostosis, Treacher Collins type, autosomal recessive - Genetic Testing Registry: Treacher Collins syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry:... |
information | What is (are) Fabry disease ? | Fabry disease is an inherited disorder that results from the buildup of a particular type of fat, called globotriaosylceramide, in the body's cells. Beginning in childhood, this buildup causes signs and symptoms that affect many parts of the body. Characteristic features of Fabry disease include episodes of pain, parti... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Fabry disease ? | Fabry disease affects an estimated 1 in 40,000 to 60,000 males. This disorder also occurs in females, although the prevalence is unknown. Milder, late-onset forms of the disorder are probably more common than the classic, severe form. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Fabry disease ? | Fabry disease is caused by mutations in the GLA gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called alpha-galactosidase A. This enzyme is active in lysosomes, which are structures that serve as recycling centers within cells. Alpha-galactosidase A normally breaks down a fatty substance called globotriaosy... |
inheritance | Is Fabry disease inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an X-linked pattern. A condition is considered X-linked if the mutated gene that causes the disorder is located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each cell. In males (who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the GLA gene in each cell is sufficient to cause... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Fabry disease ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Fabry disease: - Baby's First Test - Gene Review: Gene Review: Fabry Disease - Genetic Testing Registry: Fabry disease These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Dr... |
information | What is (are) warfarin sensitivity ? | Warfarin sensitivity is a condition in which individuals have a low tolerance for the drug warfarin. Warfarin is an anticoagulant, which means that it thins the blood, preventing blood clots from forming. Warfarin is often prescribed to prevent blood clots in people with heart valve disease who have replacement heart v... |
frequency | How many people are affected by warfarin sensitivity ? | The prevalence of warfarin sensitivity is unknown. However, it appears to be more common in people who are older, those with lower body weights, and individuals of Asian ancestry. Of the approximately 2 million people in the U.S. who are prescribed warfarin annually, 35,000 to 45,000 individuals go to hospital emergen... |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to warfarin sensitivity ? | Many genes are involved in the metabolism of warfarin and in determining the drug's effects in the body. Certain common changes (polymorphisms) in the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes account for 30 percent of the variation in warfarin metabolism due to genetic factors. Polymorphisms in other genes, some of which have not been ... |
inheritance | Is warfarin sensitivity inherited ? | The polymorphisms associated with this condition are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to result in warfarin sensitivity. However, different polymorphisms affect the activity of warfarin to varying degrees. Additionally, people who have more ... |
treatment | What are the treatments for warfarin sensitivity ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of warfarin sensitivity: - Food and Drug Administration Medication Guide - MedlinePlus Drugs & Supplements: Warfarin - My46 Trait Profile - PharmGKB - WarfarinDosing.org These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of va... |
information | What is (are) Apert syndrome ? | Apert syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis). This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face. In addition, a varied number of fingers and toes are fused together (syndactyly). Many of the char... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Apert syndrome ? | Apert syndrome affects an estimated 1 in 65,000 to 88,000 newborns. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Apert syndrome ? | Mutations in the FGFR2 gene cause Apert syndrome. This gene produces a protein called fibroblast growth factor receptor 2. Among its multiple functions, this protein signals immature cells to become bone cells during embryonic development. A mutation in a specific part of the FGFR2 gene alters the protein and causes pr... |
inheritance | Is Apert syndrome inherited ? | Apert syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. Almost all cases of Apert syndrome result from new mutations in the gene, and occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family. Individuals with Apert s... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Apert syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Apert syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: FGFR-Related Craniosynostosis Syndromes - Genetic Testing Registry: Acrocephalosyndactyly type I - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Apert syndrome - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Webbing of the fingers or toes These resources ... |
information | What is (are) microphthalmia ? | Microphthalmia is an eye abnormality that arises before birth. In this condition, one or both eyeballs are abnormally small. In some affected individuals, the eyeball may appear to be completely missing; however, even in these cases some remaining eye tissue is generally present. Such severe microphthalmia should be di... |
frequency | How many people are affected by microphthalmia ? | Microphthalmia occurs in approximately 1 in 10,000 individuals. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to microphthalmia ? | Microphthalmia may be caused by changes in many genes involved in the early development of the eye, most of which have not been identified. The condition may also result from a chromosomal abnormality affecting one or more genes. Most genetic changes associated with isolated microphthalmia have been identified only in ... |
inheritance | Is microphthalmia inherited ? | Isolated microphthalmia is sometimes inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the conditio... |
treatment | What are the treatments for microphthalmia ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of microphthalmia: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Microphthalmia/Anophthalmia/Coloboma Spectrum - Genetic Testing Registry: Cataract, congenital, with microphthalmia - Genetic Testing Registry: Cataract, microphthalmia and nystagmus - Genetic Testing Registry: Microp... |
information | What is (are) STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy ? | STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) is a disorder involving abnormal inflammation throughout the body, especially in the skin, blood vessels, and lungs. Inflammation normally occurs when the immune system sends signaling molecules and white blood cells to a site of injury or disease to fight micr... |
frequency | How many people are affected by STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy ? | The prevalence of this condition is unknown. Only a few affected individuals have been described in the medical literature. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy ? | SAVI is caused by mutations in the TMEM173 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called STING, which is involved in immune system function. STING helps produce beta-interferon, a member of a class of proteins called cytokines that promote inflammation. The TMEM173 gene mutations that cause SAVI ar... |
inheritance | Is STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, this condition likely results from new (de novo) mutations in the gene that occur during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) or in early... |
treatment | What are the treatments for STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of SAVI: - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center: Autoinflammatory Disease Center - Eurofever Project - Genetic Testing Registry: Sting-associated vasculopathy, infantile-onset - University College London: Vasculitis and Autoinflammation Research Group These reso... |
information | What is (are) ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency ? | Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is an inherited disorder that causes ammonia to accumulate in the blood. Ammonia, which is formed when proteins are broken down in the body, is toxic if the levels become too high. The nervous system is especially sensitive to the effects of excess ammonia. Ornithine transcarbamyl... |
frequency | How many people are affected by ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency ? | Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is believed to occur in approximately 1 in every 80,000 people. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency ? | Mutations in the OTC gene cause ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency belongs to a class of genetic diseases called urea cycle disorders. The urea cycle is a sequence of reactions that occurs in liver cells. It processes excess nitrogen, generated when protein is used by the body... |
inheritance | Is ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency inherited ? | Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is an X-linked disorder. A condition is considered X-linked if the mutated gene that causes the disorder is located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes. A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons. In males (wh... |
treatment | What are the treatments for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: - Baby's First Test - Gene Review: Gene Review: Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency - Gene Review: Gene Review: Urea Cycle Disorders Overview - Genetic Testing Registry: Ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency - Medli... |
information | What is (are) autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness ? | Autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness is a disorder of the retina, which is the specialized tissue at the back of the eye that detects light and color. People with this condition typically have difficulty seeing and distinguishing objects in low light (night blindness). For example, they may not be ... |
frequency | How many people are affected by autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness ? | Autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness is likely a rare disease; however, its prevalence is unknown. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness ? | Mutations in several genes can cause autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness. Each of these genes provide instructions for making proteins that are found in the retina. These proteins are involved in sending (transmitting) visual signals from cells called rods, which are specialized for vision in low ... |
inheritance | Is autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness: - Genetic Testing Registry: Congenital stationary night blindness, type 1B - Genetic Testing Registry: Congenital stationary night blindness, type 1C - Genetic Testing Registry: Congenital stationary nig... |
information | What is (are) primary ciliary dyskinesia ? | Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a disorder characterized by chronic respiratory tract infections, abnormally positioned internal organs, and the inability to have children (infertility). The signs and symptoms of this condition are caused by abnormal cilia and flagella. Cilia are microscopic, finger-like projections that... |
frequency | How many people are affected by primary ciliary dyskinesia ? | Primary ciliary dyskinesia occurs in approximately 1 in 16,000 individuals. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to primary ciliary dyskinesia ? | Primary ciliary dyskinesia can result from mutations in many different genes. These genes provide instructions for making proteins that form the inner structure of cilia and produce the force needed for cilia to bend. Coordinated back and forth movement of cilia is necessary for the normal functioning of many organs an... |
inheritance | Is primary ciliary dyskinesia inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for primary ciliary dyskinesia ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of primary ciliary dyskinesia: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia - Genetic Testing Registry: Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 17 - Genetic Testing Registry: Kartagener syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Primary ciliary dyskinesia These resourc... |
information | What is (are) maple syrup urine disease ? | Maple syrup urine disease is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to process certain protein building blocks (amino acids) properly. The condition gets its name from the distinctive sweet odor of affected infants' urine and is also characterized by poor feeding, vomiting, lack of energy (lethargy), and dev... |
frequency | How many people are affected by maple syrup urine disease ? | Maple syrup urine disease affects an estimated 1 in 185,000 infants worldwide. The disorder occurs much more frequently in the Old Order Mennonite population, with an estimated incidence of about 1 in 380 newborns. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to maple syrup urine disease ? | Mutations in the BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes can cause maple syrup urine disease. These three genes provide instructions for making proteins that work together as a complex. The protein complex is essential for breaking down the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine, which are present in many kinds of food, par... |
inheritance | Is maple syrup urine disease inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for maple syrup urine disease ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of maple syrup urine disease: - Baby's First Test - Gene Review: Gene Review: Maple Syrup Urine Disease - Genetic Testing Registry: Maple syrup urine disease - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Maple Syrup Urine Disease These resources from MedlinePlus offer information... |
information | What is (are) short stature, hyperextensibility, hernia, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly, and teething delay ? | Short stature, hyperextensibility, hernia, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly, and teething delay, commonly known by the acronym SHORT syndrome, is a rare disorder that affects many parts of the body. Most people with SHORT syndrome are small at birth and gain weight slowly in childhood. Affected adults tend to have sh... |
frequency | How many people are affected by short stature, hyperextensibility, hernia, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly, and teething delay ? | SHORT syndrome is a rare condition; its prevalence is unknown. Only a few affected individuals and families have been reported worldwide. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to short stature, hyperextensibility, hernia, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly, and teething delay ? | SHORT syndrome results from mutations in the PIK3R1 gene. This gene provides instructions for making one part (subunit) of an enzyme called PI3K, which plays a role in chemical signaling within cells. PI3K signaling is important for many cell activities, including cell growth and division, movement (migration) of cells... |
inheritance | Is short stature, hyperextensibility, hernia, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly, and teething delay inherited ? | SHORT syndrome has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, which means one copy of the altered PIK3R1 gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, the condition results from a new mutation in the gene and occurs in people with no history of the disorder in their family. In other cases, an... |
treatment | What are the treatments for short stature, hyperextensibility, hernia, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly, and teething delay ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of SHORT syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: SHORT Syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: SHORT syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surg... |
information | What is (are) Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome ? | Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome is an inherited condition that affects many parts of the body and has been described only in the Japanese population. Beginning in infancy or early childhood, affected individuals develop red, swollen lumps (nodular erythema) on the skin that occur most often in cold weather; recurrent fevers;... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome ? | Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome appears to be rare and has been described only in the Japanese population. About 30 cases have been reported in the medical literature. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome ? | Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome is caused by mutations in the PSMB8 gene. This gene provides instructions for making one part (subunit) of specialized cell structures called immunoproteasomes, which are found primarily in immune system cells. Immunoproteasomes play an important role in regulating the immune system's response... |
inheritance | Is Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome: - Genetic Testing Registry: Nakajo syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Geneti... |
information | What is (are) hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis ? | Hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis (HMDPC) is an inherited disorder in which excessive amounts of the element manganese accumulate in the body, particularly in the brain, liver, and blood (hypermanganesemia). Signs and symptoms of this condition can appear in childhood (early-onset), typically... |
frequency | How many people are affected by hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis ? | The prevalence of HMDPC is unknown. A small number of cases have been described in the scientific literature. |
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