qtype stringclasses 16
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genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Hashimoto thyroiditis ? | Hashimoto thyroiditis is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of these factors have been identified, but many remain unknown. Hashimoto thyroiditis is classified as an autoimmune disorder, one of a large group of conditions that occur when the immune system attacks the body's... |
inheritance | Is Hashimoto thyroiditis inherited ? | The inheritance pattern of Hashimoto thyroiditis is unclear because many genetic and environmental factors appear to be involved. However, the condition can cluster in families, and having a close relative with Hashimoto thyroiditis or another autoimmune disorder likely increases a person's risk of developing the condi... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Hashimoto thyroiditis ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Hashimoto thyroiditis: - American Thyroid Association: Thyroid Function Tests - Genetic Testing Registry: Hashimoto thyroiditis - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Thyroid Function Tests These resources from MedlinePlus offer in... |
information | What is (are) Cornelia de Lange syndrome ? | Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a developmental disorder that affects many parts of the body. The features of this disorder vary widely among affected individuals and range from relatively mild to severe. Cornelia de Lange syndrome is characterized by slow growth before and after birth leading to short stature; intellec... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Cornelia de Lange syndrome ? | Although the exact incidence is unknown, Cornelia de Lange syndrome likely affects 1 in 10,000 to 30,000 newborns. The condition is probably underdiagnosed because affected individuals with mild or uncommon features may never be recognized as having Cornelia de Lange syndrome. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Cornelia de Lange syndrome ? | Cornelia de Lange syndrome can result from mutations in at least five genes: NIPBL, SMC1A, HDAC8, RAD21, and SMC3. Mutations in the NIPBL gene have been identified in more than half of all people with this condition; mutations in the other genes are much less common. The proteins produced from all five genes contribut... |
inheritance | Is Cornelia de Lange syndrome inherited ? | When Cornelia de Lange syndrome is caused by mutations in the NIPBL, RAD21, or SMC3 gene, the condition is considered to have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Autosomal dominant inheritance means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. Most cases result from new gene ... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Cornelia de Lange syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Cornelia de Lange Syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: De Lange syndrome - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Autism - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Microcephaly These resources from MedlinePlus offer information abo... |
information | What is (are) 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency ? | 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is a type of organic acid disorder in which the body is unable to process proteins properly. Organic acid disorders lead to an abnormal buildup of particular acids known as organic acids. Abnormal levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic acidur... |
frequency | How many people are affected by 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency ? | 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare disorder; its actual incidence is unknown. This disorder is more common, however, among Hmong populations in southeast Asia and in Hmong Americans. 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency occurs in 1 in 250 to 1 in 500 people of Hmong ancestry. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency ? | Mutations in the ACADSB gene cause 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. The ACADSB gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase that helps process the amino acid isoleucine. Mutations in the ACADSB gene reduce or eliminate the activity of this enzyme. With a shortag... |
inheritance | Is 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: - Baby's First Test - Genetic Testing Registry: Deficiency of 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - ... |
information | What is (are) Kearns-Sayre syndrome ? | Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a condition that affects many parts of the body, especially the eyes. The features of Kearns-Sayre syndrome usually appear before age 20, and the condition is diagnosed by a few characteristic signs and symptoms. People with Kearns-Sayre syndrome have progressive external ophthalmoplegia, which... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Kearns-Sayre syndrome ? | The prevalence of Kearns-Sayre syndrome is approximately 1 to 3 per 100,000 individuals. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Kearns-Sayre syndrome ? | Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a condition caused by defects in mitochondria, which are structures within cells that use oxygen to convert the energy from food into a form cells can use. This process is called oxidative phosphorylation. Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus (nuclear DNA), mitochondr... |
inheritance | Is Kearns-Sayre syndrome inherited ? | This condition is generally not inherited but arises from mutations in the body's cells that occur after conception. This alteration is called a somatic mutation and is present only in certain cells. Rarely, this condition is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern, which is also known as maternal inheritance. This patte... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Kearns-Sayre syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Kearns-Sayre syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Syndromes - Genetic Testing Registry: Kearns Sayre syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diag... |
information | What is (are) megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome ? | Megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome (MCAP) is a disorder characterized by overgrowth of several tissues in the body. Its primary features are a large brain (megalencephaly) and abnormalities of small blood vessels in the skin called capillaries (capillary malformations). In individuals with MCAP, megalencep... |
frequency | How many people are affected by megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome ? | The prevalence of MCAP is unknown. At least 150 affected individuals have been reported in the medical literature. Because the condition is often thought to be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, it may be more common than reported. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome ? | MCAP is caused by mutations in the PIK3CA gene, which provides instructions for making the p110 alpha (p110) protein. This protein is one piece (subunit) of an enzyme called phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which plays a role in chemical signaling within cells. PI3K signaling is important for many cell activities,... |
inheritance | Is megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome inherited ? | MCAP is not inherited from a parent and does not run in families. In people with MCAP, a PIK3CA gene mutation arises randomly in one cell during the early stages of development before birth. As cells continue to divide, some cells will have the mutation and other cells will not. This mixture of cells with and without a... |
treatment | What are the treatments for megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome: - Contact a Family - Gene Review: Gene Review: PIK3CA-Related Segmental Overgrowth - Genetic Testing Registry: Megalencephaly cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita - M-CM Network: How is M-CM Diagnosed? Thes... |
information | What is (are) lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia ? | Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia (LCH) affects brain development, resulting in the brain having a smooth appearance (lissencephaly) instead of its normal folds and grooves. In addition, the part of the brain that coordinates movement is unusually small and underdeveloped (cerebellar hypoplasia). Other parts of ... |
frequency | How many people are affected by lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia ? | LCH is a rare condition, although its prevalence is unknown. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia ? | LCH can be caused by mutations in the RELN or TUBA1A gene. The RELN gene provides instructions for making a protein called reelin. In the developing brain, reelin turns on (activates) a signaling pathway that triggers nerve cells (neurons) to migrate to their proper locations. The protein produced from the TUBA1A gene ... |
inheritance | Is lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia inherited ? | When LCH is caused by mutations in the RELN gene, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show sign... |
treatment | What are the treatments for lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia: - Genetic Testing Registry: Lissencephaly 2 - Genetic Testing Registry: Lissencephaly 3 These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic T... |
information | What is (are) Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome ? | Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is a developmental disorder that affects many parts of the body. This condition is characterized by distinctive facial features, small head size (microcephaly), intellectual disability or learning problems, and behavioral problems. Many affected children have the characteristic features of au... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome ? | Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome affects an estimated 1 in 20,000 to 60,000 newborns. This condition is most common in whites of European ancestry, particularly people from Central European countries such as Slovakia and the Czech Republic. It is very rare among African and Asian populations. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome ? | Mutations in the DHCR7 gene cause Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. The DHCR7 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase. This enzyme is responsible for the final step in the production of cholesterol. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is produced in the body and obtai... |
inheritance | Is Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diag... |
information | What is (are) monilethrix ? | Monilethrix is a condition that affects hair growth. Its most characteristic feature is that individual strands of hair have a beaded appearance like the beads of a necklace. The name monilethrix comes from the Latin word for necklace (monile) and the Greek word for hair (thrix). Noticeable when viewed under a microsco... |
frequency | How many people are affected by monilethrix ? | The prevalence of monilethrix is unknown. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to monilethrix ? | Monilethrix is caused by mutations in one of several genes. Mutations in the KRT81 gene, the KRT83 gene, the KRT86 gene, or the DSG4 gene account for most cases of monilethrix. These genes provide instructions for making proteins that give structure and strength to strands of hair. Hair growth occurs in the hair folli... |
inheritance | Is monilethrix inherited ? | Monilethrix can have multiple patterns of inheritance. When the condition is caused by a mutation in one of the keratin genes, it is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In rare cases, the condition results from a new muta... |
treatment | What are the treatments for monilethrix ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of monilethrix: - Genetic Testing Registry: Beaded hair These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - P... |
information | What is (are) Bloom syndrome ? | Bloom syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by short stature, a skin rash that develops after exposure to the sun, and a greatly increased risk of cancer. People with Bloom syndrome are usually smaller than 97 percent of the population in both height and weight from birth, and they rarely exceed 5 feet tall ... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Bloom syndrome ? | Bloom syndrome is a rare disorder. Only a few hundred affected individuals have been described in the medical literature, about one-third of whom are of Central and Eastern European (Ashkenazi) Jewish background. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Bloom syndrome ? | Mutations in the BLM gene cause Bloom syndrome. The BLM gene provides instructions for making a member of a protein family called RecQ helicases. Helicases are enzymes that attach (bind) to DNA and unwind the two spiral strands (double helix) of the DNA molecule. This unwinding is necessary for several processes in the... |
inheritance | Is Bloom syndrome inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for Bloom syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Bloom syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Bloom's Syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Bloom syndrome - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Short Stature These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions... |
information | What is (are) myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy ? | Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy is a rare condition characterized by reduced body fat and increased muscle size. Affected individuals have up to twice the usual amount of muscle mass in their bodies. They also tend to have increased muscle strength. Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy is not known to cause any me... |
frequency | How many people are affected by myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy ? | The prevalence of this condition is unknown. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy ? | Mutations in the MSTN gene cause myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy. The MSTN gene provides instructions for making a protein called myostatin, which is active in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles) both before and after birth. This protein normally restrains muscle growth, ensuring that muscles do not grow ... |
inheritance | Is myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy inherited ? | Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy has a pattern of inheritance known as incomplete autosomal dominance. People with a mutation in both copies of the MSTN gene in each cell (homozygotes) have significantly increased muscle mass and strength. People with a mutation in one copy of the MSTN gene in each cell (heterozygo... |
treatment | What are the treatments for myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Myostatin-Related Muscle Hypertrophy - Genetic Testing Registry: Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of vari... |
information | What is (are) autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome ? | Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES), also known as Job syndrome, is a condition that affects several body systems, particularly the immune system. Recurrent infections are common in people with this condition. Affected individuals tend to have frequent bouts of pneumonia, which are caused by certain kinds o... |
frequency | How many people are affected by autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome ? | This condition is rare, affecting fewer than 1 per million people. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome ? | Mutations in the STAT3 gene cause most cases of AD-HIES. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays an important role in several body systems. To carry out its roles, the STAT3 protein attaches to DNA and helps control the activity of particular genes. In the immune system, the STAT3 protein regula... |
inheritance | Is autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome inherited ? | AD-HIES has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, which means one copy of an altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In about half of all cases caused by STAT3 gene mutations, an affected person inherits the genetic change from an affected parent. Other cases result from new mutations in ... |
treatment | What are the treatments for autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Autosomal Dominant Hyper IgE Syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offe... |
information | What is (are) Cohen syndrome ? | Cohen syndrome is an inherited disorder that affects many parts of the body and is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, small head size (microcephaly), and weak muscle tone (hypotonia). Other features include progressive nearsightedness (myopia), degeneration of the light-sensitive tissue at t... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Cohen syndrome ? | The exact incidence of Cohen syndrome is unknown. It has been diagnosed in fewer than 1,000 people worldwide. More cases are likely undiagnosed. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Cohen syndrome ? | Mutations in the VPS13B gene (frequently called the COH1 gene) cause Cohen syndrome. The function of the protein produced from the VPS13B gene is unknown; however, researchers suggest it may be involved in sorting and transporting proteins inside the cell. Most mutations in the VPS13B gene are believed to prevent cells... |
inheritance | Is Cohen syndrome inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for Cohen syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Cohen syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Cohen Syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Cohen syndrome - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Hypotonia These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - D... |
information | What is (are) Leber hereditary optic neuropathy ? | Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is an inherited form of vision loss. Although this condition usually begins in a person's teens or twenties, rare cases may appear in early childhood or later in adulthood. For unknown reasons, males are affected much more often than females. Blurring and clouding of vision are... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Leber hereditary optic neuropathy ? | The prevalence of LHON in most populations is unknown. It affects 1 in 30,000 to 50,000 people in northeast England and Finland. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Leber hereditary optic neuropathy ? | Mutations in the MT-ND1, MT-ND4, MT-ND4L, or MT-ND6 gene can cause LHON. These genes are found in the DNA of cellular structures called mitochondria, which convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount ... |
inheritance | Is Leber hereditary optic neuropathy inherited ? | LHON has a mitochondrial pattern of inheritance, which is also known as maternal inheritance. This pattern of inheritance applies to genes contained in mtDNA. Because egg cells, but not sperm cells, contribute mitochondria to the developing embryo, children can only inherit disorders resulting from mtDNA mutations from... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy - Gene Review: Gene Review: Mitochondrial Disorders Overview - Genetic Testing Registry: Leber's optic atrophy - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Blindness - MedlinePlus ... |
information | What is (are) nemaline myopathy ? | Nemaline myopathy is a disorder that primarily affects skeletal muscles, which are muscles that the body uses for movement. People with nemaline myopathy have muscle weakness (myopathy) throughout the body, but it is typically most severe in the muscles of the face, neck, and limbs. This weakness can worsen over time. ... |
frequency | How many people are affected by nemaline myopathy ? | Nemaline myopathy has an estimated incidence of 1 in 50,000 individuals. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to nemaline myopathy ? | Mutations in one of many genes can cause nemaline myopathy. These genes provide instructions for producing proteins that play important roles in skeletal muscles. Within skeletal muscle cells, these proteins are found in structures called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are necessary for muscles to tense (contract). Many of the... |
inheritance | Is nemaline myopathy inherited ? | Nemaline myopathy is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. Less... |
treatment | What are the treatments for nemaline myopathy ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of nemaline myopathy: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Nemaline Myopathy - Genetic Testing Registry: Nemaline myopathy - Genetic Testing Registry: Nemaline myopathy 1 - Genetic Testing Registry: Nemaline myopathy 10 - Genetic Testing Registry: Nemaline myopathy 2 - G... |
information | What is (are) Dubin-Johnson syndrome ? | Dubin-Johnson syndrome is a condition characterized by jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. In most affected people jaundice appears during adolescence or early adulthood, although a few individuals have been diagnosed soon after birth. Jaundice is typically the only symptom of Dubin-Johns... |
frequency | How many people are affected by Dubin-Johnson syndrome ? | Although Dubin-Johnson syndrome occurs in people of all ethnic backgrounds, it is more common among Iranian and Moroccan Jews living in Israel. Studies suggest that this disorder affects 1 in 1,300 Iranian Jews in Israel. Additionally, several people in the Japanese population have been diagnosed with Dubin-Johnson syn... |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to Dubin-Johnson syndrome ? | Dubin-Johnson syndrome is caused by mutations in the ABCC2 gene. The ABCC2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2). This protein acts as a pump to transport substances out of the liver, kidneys, intestine, or placenta so they can be excreted from the body. For exampl... |
inheritance | Is Dubin-Johnson syndrome inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
treatment | What are the treatments for Dubin-Johnson syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Dubin-Johnson syndrome: - Genetic Testing Registry: Dubin-Johnson syndrome - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Bilirubin - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Dubin-Johnson syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various... |
information | What is (are) 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development ? | 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development is a condition in which individuals with two X chromosomes in each cell, the pattern normally found in females, have a male appearance. People with this disorder have male external genitalia. They generally have small testes and may also have abnormalities such as undescende... |
frequency | How many people are affected by 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development ? | Approximately 1 in 20,000 individuals with a male appearance have 46,XX testicular disorder. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development ? | People normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell. Two of the 46 chromosomes, known as X and Y, are called sex chromosomes because they help determine whether a person will develop male or female sex characteristics. Females typically have two X chromosomes (46,XX), and males usually have one X chromosome and one Y chro... |
inheritance | Is 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development inherited ? | SRY-positive 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development is almost never inherited. This condition results from the translocation of a Y chromosome segment containing the SRY gene during the formation of sperm (spermatogenesis). Affected people typically have no history of the disorder in their family and cannot pass ... |
treatment | What are the treatments for 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Nonsyndromic 46,XX Testicular Disorders of Sex Development - Genetic Testing Registry: 46,XX sex reversal, type 1 - Genetic Testing Registry: 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development ... |
information | What is (are) moyamoya disease ? | Moyamoya disease is a disorder of blood vessels in the brain, specifically the internal carotid arteries and the arteries that branch from them. These vessels, which provide oxygen-rich blood to the brain, narrow over time. Narrowing of these vessels reduces blood flow in the brain. In an attempt to compensate, new net... |
frequency | How many people are affected by moyamoya disease ? | Moyamoya disease was first identified in Japan, where it is most prevalent, affecting about 5 in 100,000 individuals. The condition is also relatively common in other Asian populations. It is ten times less common in Europe. In the United States, Asian Americans are four times more commonly affected than whites. For un... |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to moyamoya disease ? | The genetics of moyamoya disease are not well understood. Research suggests that the condition can be passed through families, and changes in one gene, RNF213, have been associated with the condition. Other genes that have not been identified may be involved in moyamoya disease. It is also likely that other factors (su... |
inheritance | Is moyamoya disease inherited ? | Up to 15 percent of Japanese people with moyamoya disease have one or more family members with the condition, indicating that the condition can be passed through generations in families; however, the inheritance pattern is unknown. Research suggests that the condition follows an autosomal dominant pattern, which means ... |
treatment | What are the treatments for moyamoya disease ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of moyamoya disease: - Barrow Neurological Institute: What Medical Therapies Are Used To Treat Moyamoya Disease? - Boston Children's Hospital: Learn More About Treatment for Moyamoya Disease - Genetic Testing Registry: Moyamoya disease - Genetic Testing Registry: ... |
information | What is (are) vitelliform macular dystrophy ? | Vitelliform macular dystrophy is a genetic eye disorder that can cause progressive vision loss. This disorder affects the retina, the specialized light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye. Specifically, vitelliform macular dystrophy disrupts cells in a small area near the center of the retina called the mac... |
frequency | How many people are affected by vitelliform macular dystrophy ? | Vitelliform macular dystrophy is a rare disorder; its incidence is unknown. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to vitelliform macular dystrophy ? | Mutations in the BEST1 and PRPH2 genes cause vitelliform macular dystrophy. BEST1 mutations are responsible for Best disease and for some cases of the adult-onset form of vitelliform macular dystrophy. Changes in the PRPH2 gene can also cause the adult-onset form of vitelliform macular dystrophy; however, less than a q... |
inheritance | Is vitelliform macular dystrophy inherited ? | Best disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person has one parent with the condition. The inheritance pattern of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy is uncertain. Some studies hav... |
treatment | What are the treatments for vitelliform macular dystrophy ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of vitelliform macular dystrophy: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy - Genetic Testing Registry: Macular dystrophy, vitelliform, adult-onset - Genetic Testing Registry: Vitelliform dystrophy - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Macula (image) ... |
information | What is (are) methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria ? | Methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to properly process protein building blocks (amino acids), certain fats (lipids), and a waxy fat-like substance called cholesterol. Individuals with this disorder have a combination of features from two separate conditions, ... |
frequency | How many people are affected by methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria ? | The most common form of the condition, called methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria, cblC type, is estimated to affect 1 in 200,000 newborns worldwide. Studies indicate that this form of the condition may be even more common in particular populations. These studies estimate the condition occurs in 1 in 100,000 peo... |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria ? | Methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria can be caused by mutations in one of several genes: MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBRD1, ABCD4, or HCFC1. Mutations in these genes account for the different types of the disorder, which are known as complementation groups: cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, and cblX, respectively. Each of the above-... |
inheritance | Is methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria inherited ? | Methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptom... |
treatment | What are the treatments for methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria: - Baby's First Test: Methylmalonic Acidemia with Homocystinuria - Gene Review: Gene Review: Disorders of Intracellular Cobalamin Metabolism - Genetic Testing Registry: METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA AND HOMOCYSTINURIA, cblF TY... |
information | What is (are) 2q37 deletion syndrome ? | 2q37 deletion syndrome is a condition that can affect many parts of the body. This condition is characterized by weak muscle tone (hypotonia) in infancy, mild to severe intellectual disability and developmental delay, behavioral problems, characteristic facial features, and other physical abnormalities. Most babies wi... |
frequency | How many people are affected by 2q37 deletion syndrome ? | 2q37 deletion syndrome appears to be a rare condition, although its exact prevalence is unknown. Approximately 100 cases have been reported worldwide. |
genetic changes | What are the genetic changes related to 2q37 deletion syndrome ? | 2q37 deletion syndrome is caused by a deletion of genetic material from a specific region in the long (q) arm of chromosome 2. The deletion occurs near the end of the chromosome at a location designated 2q37. The size of the deletion varies among affected individuals. The signs and symptoms of this disorder are probabl... |
inheritance | Is 2q37 deletion syndrome inherited ? | Most cases of 2q37 deletion syndrome are not inherited. They result from a chromosomal deletion that occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) or in early fetal development. Affected people typically have no history of the disorder in their family. Rarely, affected individuals... |
treatment | What are the treatments for 2q37 deletion syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of 2q37 deletion syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: 2q37 Microdeletion Syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Brachydactyly-Mental Retardation syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditi... |
information | What is (are) congenital mirror movement disorder ? | Congenital mirror movement disorder is a condition in which intentional movements of one side of the body are mirrored by involuntary movements of the other side. For example, when an affected individual makes a fist with the right hand, the left hand makes a similar movement. The mirror movements in this disorder prim... |
frequency | How many people are affected by congenital mirror movement disorder ? | Congenital mirror movement disorder is a very rare disorder. Its prevalence is thought to be less than 1 in 1 million. Researchers suggest that some mildly affected individuals may never be diagnosed. |
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