jugalgajjar/CS-Knowledge-Graph-Dataset

CS Knowledge Graph Dataset (OpenAlex)

A multi-scale heterogeneous knowledge graph of Computer Science scholarly data, built from OpenAlex. Each scale is an independent, self-contained subgraph centered on Computer Science papers, their authors, publication venues, and concept tags, plus the relationships between them.

The dataset is intended for research on knowledge graph embeddings, link prediction, node classification, scholarly recommendation, and graph neural networks at varying scales of compute.

Scales

Five scales are provided so the same pipeline can be benchmarked from quick prototyping (1k) to large-scale training (10m). Each scale is a strict superset of the smaller ones in spirit, but is sampled independently — treat them as five separate graphs rather than nested cuts.

Config	Nodes	Edges	Parquet size	Raw SQLite (zip)
1k	5,237	32,655	277 KB	961 KB
10k	44,933	252,631	2.0 MB	7.7 MB
100k	348,983	2,162,386	16 MB	68 MB
1m	2,384,896	13,530,177	117 MB	597 MB
10m	7,210,506	44,631,484	384 MB	2.1 GB

Schema

Each scale exposes two configs, <scale>_nodes and <scale>_edges. They share a single split named train (a datasets convention — there is no held-out test split, since the intended use is to define your own splits over the graph).

nodes config

Column	Type	Description
node_id	string	Unique node identifier, prefixed by type (e.g. paper_W2604738573).
node_name	string	Human-readable name (paper title, author display name, venue, etc.).
node_type	string	One of Paper, Author, Venue, Concept.
attributes	string	Type-specific attributes encoded as a JSON string (see below).

The attributes JSON object has different keys depending on node_type:

• Paper: year (int), citation_count (int), venue (string), type (string, e.g. article)
• Author: h_index (int or null), citation_count (int or null), works_count (int or null), institution (string)
• Venue: type (string, e.g. journal, conference), publisher (string)
• Concept: domain (string, e.g. CS)

edges config

Column	Type	Description
source	string	node_id of the source node.
relation	string	One of AUTHORED, CITES, PUBLISHED_IN, BELONGS_TO, COLLABORATES_WITH.
target	string	node_id of the target node.
year	float	Year associated with the edge when applicable (e.g. publication year); null otherwise.

Relation semantics:

• AUTHORED — Author → Paper
• CITES — Paper → Paper
• PUBLISHED_IN — Paper → Venue
• BELONGS_TO — Paper → Concept
• COLLABORATES_WITH — Author → Author (co-authorship; symmetric, may appear in both directions)

Dangling CITES targets. Each scale is built from a Computer Science slice of OpenAlex, so the nodes table only contains CS papers (plus their authors, venues, and concepts). However, those CS papers may cite papers from outside CS — those external papers appear as target in CITES edges but are not present in the nodes table. Filter or add placeholder nodes as appropriate for your task. Sources are always present in nodes; only CITES targets can be dangling.

Usage

Load with the datasets library

from datasets import load_dataset

# Configs follow the pattern "<scale>_nodes" / "<scale>_edges".
# Scales: 1k, 10k, 100k, 1m, 10m
nodes = load_dataset("jugalgajjar/CS-Knowledge-Graph-Dataset", "10k_nodes", split="train")
edges = load_dataset("jugalgajjar/CS-Knowledge-Graph-Dataset", "10k_edges", split="train")

print(nodes[0])
# {'node_id': 'paper_W...', 'node_name': '...', 'node_type': 'Paper',
#  'attributes': '{"year": 2016, "citation_count": 1816, ...}'}

import json
attrs = json.loads(nodes[0]["attributes"])

Load directly with pandas / pyarrow

import pandas as pd
nodes = pd.read_parquet("hf://datasets/jugalgajjar/CS-Knowledge-Graph-Dataset/100k/nodes.parquet")
edges = pd.read_parquet("hf://datasets/jugalgajjar/CS-Knowledge-Graph-Dataset/100k/edges.parquet")

Build a PyTorch Geometric graph

import numpy as np
import torch
from torch_geometric.data import HeteroData
from datasets import load_dataset

scale = "10k"
nodes = load_dataset("jugalgajjar/CS-Knowledge-Graph-Dataset", f"{scale}_nodes", split="train").to_pandas()
edges = load_dataset("jugalgajjar/CS-Knowledge-Graph-Dataset", f"{scale}_edges", split="train").to_pandas()

# Build per-type id -> contiguous index maps
data = HeteroData()
id_maps = {}
for ntype, group in nodes.groupby("node_type"):
    ids = group["node_id"].tolist()
    id_maps[ntype] = {nid: i for i, nid in enumerate(ids)}
    data[ntype].num_nodes = len(ids)

# Each node_id is prefixed with its type
type_from_prefix = {"paper": "Paper", "author": "Author", "venue": "Venue", "concept": "Concept"}
def ntype_of(nid: str) -> str:
    return type_from_prefix[nid.split("_", 1)[0]]

# Drop CITES edges whose target isn't in the node set (cross-domain citations).
node_id_set = set(nodes["node_id"])
edges = edges[edges["target"].isin(node_id_set)].reset_index(drop=True)

for relation, group in edges.groupby("relation"):
    src_type = ntype_of(group["source"].iloc[0])
    dst_type = ntype_of(group["target"].iloc[0])
    src = group["source"].map(id_maps[src_type]).to_numpy(dtype=np.int64)
    dst = group["target"].map(id_maps[dst_type]).to_numpy(dtype=np.int64)
    data[src_type, relation, dst_type].edge_index = torch.from_numpy(np.stack([src, dst]))

print(data)

Raw SQLite databases

In addition to the Parquet files, the original SQLite databases used to build each scale are available under raw/:

raw/cs1k_openalex.db.zip
raw/cs10k_openalex.db.zip
raw/cs100k_openalex.db.zip
raw/cs1m_openalex.db.zip
raw/cs10m_openalex.db.zip

These are useful if you want to run SQL queries over the source records directly. Download with huggingface_hub:

from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
path = hf_hub_download(
    repo_id="jugalgajjar/CS-Knowledge-Graph-Dataset",
    repo_type="dataset",
    filename="raw/cs10k_openalex.db.zip",
)

Citation

This dataset was introduced in the following paper. If you use this dataset in your work, please cite it. Please also cite OpenAlex (the source data; see their citation guidance).

BibTeX:

@inproceedings{gajjar2025hypercomplex,
  title={HyperComplEx: Adaptive Multi-Space Knowledge Graph Embeddings},
  author={Gajjar, Jugal and Ranaware, Kaustik and Subramaniakuppusamy, Kamalasankari and Gandhi, Vaibhav C},
  booktitle={2025 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)},
  pages={5623--5631},
  year={2025},
  organization={IEEE}
}

APA:

Gajjar, J., Ranaware, K., Subramaniakuppusamy, K., & Gandhi, V. C. (2025, December). HyperComplEx: Adaptive Multi-Space Knowledge Graph Embeddings. In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData) (pp. 5623–5631). IEEE.

Source and licensing

• Source data: OpenAlex, released into the public domain under CC0.
• This derived dataset: licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. You may use, modify, and redistribute it, including commercially, provided you give attribution and license your derivative works under the same terms.

Repository layout

.
├── README.md
├── 1k/
│   ├── nodes.parquet
│   └── edges.parquet
├── 10k/    (same layout)
├── 100k/   (same layout)
├── 1m/     (same layout)
├── 10m/    (same layout)
└── raw/
    ├── cs1k_openalex.db.zip
    ├── cs10k_openalex.db.zip
    ├── cs100k_openalex.db.zip
    ├── cs1m_openalex.db.zip
    └── cs10m_openalex.db.zip