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If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned produc...
What is a neologism for a government that takes advantage of corruption or embezzlement?
{ "text": [ "kleptocracy" ], "answer_start": [ 166 ] }
56eab1550030b61400a35039
Political_corruption
Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions o...
What was the political structure of the Roman Republic?
{ "text": [ "an alliance of independent city-states and kingdoms" ], "answer_start": [ 374 ] }
572fcad3947a6a140053cccc
Roman_Republic
The Dominican Order came into being in the Middle Ages at a time when religion began to be contemplated in a new way. Men of God were no longer expected to stay behind the walls of a cloister. Instead, they travelled among the people, taking as their examples the apostles of the primitive Church. Out of this ideal emer...
What was the driving force behind the creation of the Dominican Order?
{ "text": [ "taking as their examples the apostles of the primitive Church" ], "answer_start": [ 235 ] }
5727a7df3acd2414000de8f5
Dominican_Order
In Latin, papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD (when it was destroyed) have been found that have been written in old Roman cursive, where the early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r", for example, can already be recognised. According to papyrologist Knut Kleve, "The theory, then, that the lower-case let...
What type of lettering existed before the 13th century?
{ "text": [ "majuscule and minuscule letters" ], "answer_start": [ 446 ] }
5707066b9e06ca38007e92b4
Letter_case
Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. The first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 which proved a major success, despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and ina...
What was the title of the first Burmese sound film?
{ "text": [ "Ngwe Pay Lo Ma Ya (Money Can't Buy It)" ], "answer_start": [ 523 ] }
57290eaeaf94a219006a9ff7
Myanmar
On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constituti...
What was the former name of the Russian Federation?
{ "text": [ "Soviet Union" ], "answer_start": [ 52 ] }
56e09f4a231d4119001ac2d8
Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic
Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th...
What is the purpose of neutering an animal?
{ "text": [ "to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }
56d5d6521c85041400946e19
Dog
The origins of the department store lay in the growth of the conspicuous consumer society at the turn of the 19th century. As the Industrial Revolution accelerated economy expansion, the affluent middle-class grew in size and wealth. This urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, wa...
What was the catalyst for the retail revolution?
{ "text": [ "the affluent middle-class" ], "answer_start": [ 183 ] }
57264ac7f1498d1400e8db59
Department_store
Douglas's business grew astronomically with the onset of World War II, employing as many as 44,000 people in 1943. To defend against air attack set designers from the Warner Brothers Studios prepared elaborate camouflage that disguised the factory and airfield. The RAND Corporation began as a project of the Douglas Com...
What year did RAND Corporation become an independent think tank?
{ "text": [ "May 14, 1948" ], "answer_start": [ 381 ] }
572f332ba23a5019007fc4dd
Santa_Monica,_California
Despite the small land mass, place names are repeated; there are, for example, two islands named Long Island, three bays named Long Bay (on Somerset, Main, and Cooper's islands), two Horseshoe Bays (one in Southampton, on the Main Island, the other at Morgan's Point, formerly Tucker's Island), there are two roads throu...
What is the name of the road that is repeated twice?
{ "text": [ "Khyber Pass" ], "answer_start": [ 339 ] }
572932133f37b319004780e5
Bermuda
Clock shifts are usually scheduled near a weekend midnight to lessen disruption to weekday schedules. A one-hour shift is customary, but Australia's Lord Howe Island uses a half-hour shift. Twenty-minute and two-hour shifts have been used in the past.
What is the most common shift used in clock shifts?
{ "text": [ "one-hour" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
56e7305b37bdd419002c3de7
Daylight_saving_time
The army was still equipped with the Dreyse needle gun of Battle of Königgrätz fame, which was by this time showing the age of its 25-year-old design. The rifle had a range of only 600 m (2,000 ft) and lacked the rubber breech seal that permitted aimed shots. The deficiencies of the needle gun were more than compensate...
What was the range of the Dreyse needle gun?
{ "text": [ "600 m (2,000 ft)" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }
570d2fe9fed7b91900d45cd9
Franco-Prussian_War
Polytechnics in Malaysia has been operated for almost 44 years. The institutions provide courses for bachelor's degree & Bachelor of Science (BSc) (offer at Premier Polytechnics for September 2013 intake & 2014 intake), Advanced Diploma, Diploma and Special Skills Certificate. It was established by the Ministry of Educ...
What organization provided funding to the pioneer of Politeknik Ungku Omar?
{ "text": [ "United Nations Development Program (UNDP)" ], "answer_start": [ 473 ] }
56de0a94cffd8e1900b4b56a
Institute_of_technology
Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. One end of a DNA polymer contains an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose; this is known as the 3' end of the molecule. The other end contains an exposed phosphate group; this is the 5' end. The two strands of a ...
What direction do the two strands of a double-helix run?
{ "text": [ "opposite directions" ], "answer_start": [ 340 ] }
56f8a0dd9e9bad19000a0209
Gene
Mechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates. Low cost variable capacitors squeeze together alternating layers of aluminum and plastic with a screw. Electrical control of capa...
How is capacitance electrically controlled?
{ "text": [ "with varactors (or varicaps)" ], "answer_start": [ 342 ] }
57271bd3f1498d1400e8f3b2
Capacitor
In the 1950s and the 1960s, Paris became one front of the Algerian War for independence; in August 1961, the pro-independence FLN targeted and killed 11 Paris policemen, leading to the imposition of a curfew on Muslims of Algeria (who, at that time, were French citizens). On 17 October 1961, an unauthorised but peacefu...
How many people were killed during the violent confrontations between the police and demonstrators in Paris in 1961?
{ "text": [ "40" ], "answer_start": [ 462 ] }
5728c533ff5b5019007da65c
Paris
Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act provided funding for development of programs for management of threatened and endangered species by state wildlife agencies. Subsequently, lists of endangered and threatened species within their boundaries have been prepared by each state. These state lists often include species ...
What section of the Endangered Species Act provided funding for state wildlife programs?
{ "text": [ "Section 6" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572ec920cb0c0d14000f155e
Endangered_Species_Act
After the downfall of the prior Gupta Empire in the middle of the 6th century, North India reverted to small republics and small monarchical states ruled by Gupta rulers. Harsha was a convert to Buddhism. He united the small republics from Punjab to central India, and their representatives crowned Harsha king at an ass...
What title was given to Harsha when he was crowned king?
{ "text": [ "Maharaja" ], "answer_start": [ 363 ] }
572876804b864d1900164a0b
History_of_India
Romanesque architecture in Germany, Poland, the Czech Lands and Austria is characterised by its massive and modular nature. This is expressed in the Gothic architecture of Central Europe in the huge size of the towers and spires, often projected, but not always completed. The west front generally follows the French for...
What is a distinguishing feature of German Gothic cathedrals?
{ "text": [ "their breadth and openness" ], "answer_start": [ 674 ] }
5726c8de708984140094d153
Gothic_architecture
Morales began work on his "indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3, 2009, making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. Speaking in Santa Cruz Department, the President called it "a hi...
What is the name of the policy that President Morales launched in 2009?
{ "text": [ "indigenous autonomy" ], "answer_start": [ 27 ] }
57317b1de6313a140071cf88
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
By the end of 2011, total renewable power capacity worldwide exceeded 1,360 GW, up 8%. Renewables producing electricity accounted for almost half of the 208 GW of capacity added globally during 2011. Wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) accounted for almost 40% and 30% . Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contribute...
What percentage of energy consumption is from traditional biomass?
{ "text": [ "9%" ], "answer_start": [ 474 ] }
57293d583f37b3190047816f
Renewable_energy_commercialization
Phase one mode is activated by a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building. Once an alarm has been activated, the elevator will automatically go into phase one. The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor. Once the ele...
What is the purpose of the fire-service key switch located on the fire-recall floor?
{ "text": [ "to turn fire service off, turn fire service on or to bypass fire service" ], "answer_start": [ 825 ] }
572ec87ac246551400ce4677
Elevator
The term "classical music" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning.
What time period does the term "classical music" refer to specifically?
{ "text": [ "1750s to the early 1830s" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }
56f6fc16711bf01900a448cf
Classical_music
His first professional TV job came when he was hired to direct one of the segments for the 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery. The segment, "Eyes," starred Joan Crawford; she and Spielberg were reportedly close friends until her death. The episode is unusual in his body of work, in that the camerawork is more highly s...
What was the first feature length assignment Spielberg received?
{ "text": [ "\"L.A. 2017\"" ], "answer_start": [ 508 ] }
57318d40a5e9cc1400cdc050
Steven_Spielberg
The introduction of the guided missile resulted in a significant shift in anti-aircraft strategy. Although Germany had been desperate to introduce anti-aircraft missile systems, none became operational during World War II. Following several years of post-war development, however, these systems began to mature into viab...
What caused the disappearance of anti-aircraft guns?
{ "text": [ "The introduction of the guided missile" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
570d9ca3df2f5219002ed036
Anti-aircraft_warfare
As of 2010[update], the city of Montevideo has been divided into 8 political municipalities (Municipios), referred to with the letters from A to G, including CH, each presided over by a mayor elected by the citizens registered in the constituency. This division, according to the Municipality of Montevideo, "aims to adv...
What does the Municipality of Montevideo aim to do?
{ "text": [ "advance political and administrative decentralization" ], "answer_start": [ 317 ] }
5725c242ec44d21400f3d4ee
Montevideo
The first 256 code points were made identical to the content of ISO-8859-1 so as to make it trivial to convert existing western text. Many essentially identical characters were encoded multiple times at different code points to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings and therefore, allow conversion from those en...
What was the purpose of encoding essentially identical characters multiple times at different code points?
{ "text": [ "to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings and therefore, allow conversion from those encodings to Unicode (and back) without losing any information" ], "answer_start": [ 225 ] }
5727b735ff5b5019007d933f
Unicode
Arthur Collier published similar assertions though there seems to have been no influence between the two contemporary writers. The only knowable reality is the represented image of an external object. Matter as a cause of that image, is unthinkable and therefore nothing to us. An external world as absolute matter unrel...
What was the title of the book that Arthur Collier was influenced by?
{ "text": [ "An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World" ], "answer_start": [ 481 ] }
572b6e8fbe1ee31400cb8388
Idealism
Terry Eastland, the author who wrote From Ending Affirmative Action: The Case for Colorblind Justice states, "Most arguments for affirmative action fall into two categories: remedying past discrimination and promoting diversity". Eastland believes that the founders of affirmative action did not anticipate how the benef...
What does Thomas Sowell identify as negative results of affirmative action?
{ "text": [ "they tend to benefit primarily the most fortunate among the preferred group (e.g., upper and middle class blacks), often to the detriment of the least fortunate among the non-preferred groups (e.g., poor white or Asian); that they reduce the incentives of both the preferred and non-preferred to perfo...
572751dc5951b619008f884a
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution,...
What did the new constitution grant the president in 2002?
{ "text": [ "new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly" ], "answer_start": [ 386 ] }
56dcf81e66d3e219004dab6c
Republic_of_the_Congo
Upon graduating in September 1785, Bonaparte was commissioned a second lieutenant in La Fère artillery regiment.[note 4] He served in Valence and Auxonne until after the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789, and took nearly two years' leave in Corsica and Paris during this period. At this time, he was a fervent Corsican ...
What did Bonaparte write to Pasquale Paoli in May 1789?
{ "text": [ "\"As the nation was perishing I was born. Thirty thousand Frenchmen were vomited on to our shores, drowning the throne of liberty in waves of blood. Such was the odious sight which was the first to strike me.\"" ], "answer_start": [ 390 ] }
5726544edd62a815002e81b7
Napoleon
Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city. There are also several minor league sports in the city, including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division (third tie...
What minor league baseball team plays in Richmond?
{ "text": [ "Richmond Flying Squirrels" ], "answer_start": [ 350 ] }
57345641acc1501500babe06
Richmond,_Virginia
Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-...
What is the population of the Paris metropolitan area as of 2014?
{ "text": [ "12 million" ], "answer_start": [ 431 ] }
5728b2912ca10214002da5fd
Paris
Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultura...
How much did the average hunter spend on their sport in 2001?
{ "text": [ "$20.5 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 421 ] }
57351665acc1501500bac3fa
Hunting
Philadelphia Gas Works (PGW), overseen by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, is the nation's largest municipally owned natural gas utility. It serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area. Founded in 1836, the company came under city ownership in 1987 and has been providing the majority of...
What was the proposed sale value of Philadelphia Gas Works in 2014?
{ "text": [ "$1.86 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 429 ] }
572aca7d111d821400f38d77
Philadelphia
The ownership of the Spectre organisation—originally stylised "SPECTRE" as an acronym of SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion—and its characters, had been at the centre of long-standing litigation starting in 1961 between Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory over the film rights to the ...
What was the name of the film remake of Thunderball released in 1983?
{ "text": [ "Never Say Never Again" ], "answer_start": [ 874 ] }
56cdd33262d2951400fa68c4
Spectre_(2015_film)
In December 2009, then Indian Navy chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma said at his maiden navy week press conference that concepts currently being examined by the Directorate of Naval Design for the second indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2), are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equippe...
What type of propulsion is being considered for the IAC-2 project?
{ "text": [ "nuclear propulsion" ], "answer_start": [ 578 ] }
570ad72b4103511400d59a73
Aircraft_carrier
Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence.
What is the definition of political corruption?
{ "text": [ "the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
56e9ebac5a205f1900d6d326
Political_corruption
Allied submarines did not adopt a defensive posture and wait for the enemy to attack. Within hours after the Pearl Harbor attack, in retribution against Japan, Roosevelt promulgated a new doctrine: unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan. This meant sinking any warship, commercial vessel, or passenger ship in Axis...
What nickname did Admiral Conrad Helfrich earn for his exploits?
{ "text": [ "\"Ship-a-day Helfrich\"" ], "answer_start": [ 740 ] }
57321a7fb9d445190005e7ee
Pacific_War
Initially, officials were unable to contact the Wolong National Nature Reserve, home to around 280 giant pandas. However, the Foreign Ministry later said that a group of 31 British tourists visiting the Wolong Panda Reserve in the quake-hit area returned safe and uninjured to Chengdu. Nonetheless, the well-being of an ...
How many pandas were found injured at the Wolong Panda Reserve after the earthquake?
{ "text": [ "two pandas" ], "answer_start": [ 537 ] }
56cde1f462d2951400fa6960
2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendents of Incans, they are Kichwa speakers and include the Caranqui, the Otavalos, the Cayambi, the Quitu-Caras, the Panzaleo, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua...
What ethnic groups descended from Incans make up the majority of Ecuador's Indigenous population?
{ "text": [ "Highland Quichuas" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }
57318409e6313a140071cff8
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job creation and income generation.
What is one sign that Somalia's economy has continued to develop?
{ "text": [ "Investment in the telecom industry" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56e1b743cd28a01900c67ab7
Communications_in_Somalia
The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was ...
What did the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission generally contend?
{ "text": [ "that government affordable housing policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis" ], "answer_start": [ 274 ] }
5732add9cc179a14009dabf1
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Tennessee is known as the "Volunteer State", a nickname some claimed was earned during the War of 1812 because of the prominent role played by volunteer soldiers from Tennessee, especially during the Battle of New Orleans. Other sources differ on the origin of the state nickname; according to the Columbia Encyclopedia,...
What event is the "Volunteer State" nickname attributed to?
{ "text": [ "President Polk's call for 2,600 nationwide volunteers at the beginning of the Mexican-American War" ], "answer_start": [ 422 ] }
572bdafedfb02c14005c6aec
Tennessee
The same character converted to UTF-8 becomes the byte sequence EF BB BF. The Unicode Standard allows that the BOM "can serve as signature for UTF-8 encoded text where the character set is unmarked". Some software developers have adopted it for other encodings, including UTF-8, in an attempt to distinguish UTF-8 from l...
What is the Unicode Standard's recommendation regarding the use of byte order marks for protocols using UTF-8?
{ "text": [ "byte order marks be forbidden" ], "answer_start": [ 397 ] }
572805f5ff5b5019007d9b1c
Unicode
In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: "Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software." The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" claims that the "commercial value of this shadow market of pirated software" w...
What was the highest piracy rate in 2011, according to the BSA Global Software Piracy Study?
{ "text": [ "92%" ], "answer_start": [ 558 ] }
5726dd035951b619008f804f
Copyright_infringement
Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories. However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal. In the dual-sovereign system of America...
What is the scope of federal preemption limited by?
{ "text": [ "the scope of federal power" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }
57266a17708984140094c531
Law_of_the_United_States
Brigham Young University (often referred to as BYU or, colloquially, The Y) is a private research university located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and, excluding online students, is the largest of any religious university and the...
What is the largest religious university in the US?
{ "text": [ "Brigham Young University" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572823673acd2414000df573
Brigham_Young_University
On October 25, 1989, the Supreme Soviet voted to eliminate special seats for the Communist Party and other official organizations in national and local elections, responding to sharp popular criticism that such reserved slots were undemocratic. After vigorous debate, the 542-member Supreme Soviet passed the measure 254...
How many votes were in favor of eliminating special seats in national and local elections?
{ "text": [ "254-85" ], "answer_start": [ 317 ] }
57280fdc3acd2414000df36e
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in So...
Who replaced Nikita Khrushchev in 1964?
{ "text": [ "Leonid Brezhnev" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
56e0a534231d4119001ac31a
Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic
In Mark, Jesus is crucified along with two rebels, and the day goes dark for three hours. Jesus calls out to God, then gives a shout and dies. The curtain of the Temple is torn in two. Matthew follows Mark, adding an earthquake and the resurrection of saints. Luke also follows Mark, though he describes the rebels as co...
According to Luke, how does Jesus respond to his crucifixion?
{ "text": [ "impassive" ], "answer_start": [ 470 ] }
5727784d708984140094de7e
Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Protestants have founded hospitals, homes for disabled or elderly people, educational institutions, organizations that give aid to developing countries, and other social welfare agencies. In the nineteenth century, throughout the Anglo-American world, numerous dedicated members of all Protestant denominations were acti...
What did Otto von Bismarck refer to as "practical Christianity"?
{ "text": [ "insurance programs" ], "answer_start": [ 539 ] }
57325c4ab9d445190005eaa4
Protestantism
The effective area or effective aperture of a receiving antenna expresses the portion of the power of a passing electromagnetic wave which it delivers to its terminals, expressed in terms of an equivalent area. For instance, if a radio wave passing a given location has a flux of 1 pW / m2 (10−12 watts per square meter)...
What is the effective area of an antenna expressed in?
{ "text": [ "equivalent area" ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
5730404a947a6a140053d32b
Antenna_(radio)
Recently, the Air Force refined its understanding of the core duties and responsibilities it performs as a Military Service Branch, streamlining what previously were six distinctive capabilities and seventeen operational functions into twelve core functions to be used across the doctrine, organization, training, equipm...
What are the Air Force's twelve core functions?
{ "text": [ "doctrine, organization, training, equipment, leadership, and education, personnel, and facilities" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
5730c872aca1c71400fe5ab1
United_States_Air_Force
Several South Slavic languages are spoken by millions of people in Southern Europe. Serbian is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria; Croatian is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia; Bosnian is spoken in Bosnia; Slovene is spoken in Slovenia; and Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia.
What language is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia?
{ "text": [ "Serbian" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
56de51f9cffd8e1900b4b800
Southern_Europe
FBI records show that 85% of COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed "subversive", including communist and socialist organizations; organizations and individuals associated with the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christia...
What percentage of COINTELPRO resources were expended to marginalize and subvert white hate groups?
{ "text": [ "15%" ], "answer_start": [ 1075 ] }
570c26436b8089140040fb7e
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
Scientists are still debating when people started wearing clothes. Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, have conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that suggests clothing originated quite recently, around 170,000 years ago. ...
When did scientists estimate that clothing may have originated?
{ "text": [ "around 170,000 years ago" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }
57261520271a42140099d44d
Clothing
Israel is served by two international airports, Ben Gurion International Airport, the country's main hub for international air travel near Tel Aviv-Yafo, Ovda Airport in the south, as well as several small domestic airports. Ben Gurion, Israel's largest airport, handled over 12.1 million passengers in 2010. On the Medi...
What is the name of the country's main hub for international air travel?
{ "text": [ "Ben Gurion International Airport" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }
5725d09038643c19005acd85
Israel
After the capitulation of Axis forces in North Africa, Eisenhower oversaw the highly successful invasion of Sicily. Once Mussolini, the Italian leader, had fallen in Italy, the Allies switched their attention to the mainland with Operation Avalanche. But while Eisenhower argued with President Roosevelt and British Prim...
What was the operation name for the Allied invasion of Italy?
{ "text": [ "Operation Avalanche" ], "answer_start": [ 230 ] }
57324b3be99e3014001e665c
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages. The order is famed for its intellectual tradition, having produced many leading theologians and philosophers. The Domin...
What letters do members of the Dominican Order carry after their names?
{ "text": [ "O.P" ], "answer_start": [ 449 ] }
572784efdd62a815002e9f5f
Dominican_Order
New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The European diaspora residin...
How many Arab Americans live in New York City?
{ "text": [ "160,000" ], "answer_start": [ 1058 ] }
56cf36e5aab44d1400b88e6e
New_York_City
In 1929, Lionel Robbins assumed the helm of the London School of Economics (LSE). Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world (centred at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work ...
Who invited Hayek to join the faculty at the London School of Economics in 1931?
{ "text": [ "Lionel Robbins" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
572a6b587a1753140016af2c
Friedrich_Hayek
Starting in 1984, some of these DJs, inspired by Jesse Saunders' success with "On and On", tried their hand at producing and releasing original compositions. These compositions used newly affordable electronic instruments to emulate not just Saunders' song, but the edited, enhanced styles of disco and other dance music...
What year did DJs begin producing their own compositions?
{ "text": [ "1984" ], "answer_start": [ 12 ] }
57069bdd52bb891400689ad1
House_music
A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of "mutual recognition." However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned...
According to Climacus, what did Hegel believe was the best solution to the interrelation between individual humans?
{ "text": [ "surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State" ], "answer_start": [ 409 ] }
572b77b2be1ee31400cb83b6
Idealism
Although the two displayed great respect and admiration for each other, their friendship was uneasy and had some qualities of a love-hate relationship. Harold C. Schonberg believes that Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite" towards Liszt's virtuosity on the piano, and others have also argued that he had beco...
What did Chopin tell Liszt to do when performing one of his nocturnes?
{ "text": [ "play the music as written or not play it at all" ], "answer_start": [ 748 ] }
56cfdb3e234ae51400d9bf7d
Frédéric_Chopin
Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po...
Who was the first secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1946–1956?
{ "text": [ "Bobojon Ghafurov" ], "answer_start": [ 457 ] }
5733abe2d058e614000b5fe7
Tajikistan
Bohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech literature (a biblical transl...
Who founded Charles University in Prague?
{ "text": [ "Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }
572b8885be1ee31400cb841c
Czech_language
Treatment of TB uses antibiotics to kill the bacteria. Effective TB treatment is difficult, due to the unusual structure and chemical composition of the mycobacterial cell wall, which hinders the entry of drugs and makes many antibiotics ineffective. The two antibiotics most commonly used are isoniazid and rifampicin, ...
What two antibiotics are most commonly used to treat TB?
{ "text": [ "isoniazid and rifampicin" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }
5727ae4dff5b5019007d9270
Tuberculosis
Several large companies are headquartered in or around Miami, including but not limited to: Akerman Senterfitt, Alienware, Arquitectonica, Arrow Air, Bacardi, Benihana, Brightstar Corporation, Burger King, Celebrity Cruises, Carnival Corporation, Carnival Cruise Lines, Crispin Porter + Bogusky, Duany Plater-Zyberk & Co...
What company is headquartered in Miami?
{ "text": [ "Akerman Senterfitt" ], "answer_start": [ 92 ] }
572a77f7fed8de19000d5c4f
Miami
Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014. It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most-successful tours of all time. In May, Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black" with André 3000 o...
What was the most successful tour of Beyoncé's career?
{ "text": [ "The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour" ], "answer_start": [ 20 ] }
56bfa3cca10cfb14005511ef
Beyoncé
In Norway, students having seen celebrations in Paris introduced Carnival processions, masked balls and Carnival balls to Christiana in the 1840s and 1850s. From 1863, the artist federation kunstnerforeningen held annual Carnival balls in the old Freemasons lodge, which inspired Johan Svendsens compositions "Norsk Kuns...
What organization began producing annual masquerade balls in Oslo in 1988?
{ "text": [ "Tårnseilerne" ], "answer_start": [ 559 ] }
57277b0fdd62a815002e9e18
Carnival
It was not until the Northern and Southern dynasties that regular script rose to dominant status. During that period, regular script continued evolving stylistically, reaching full maturity in the early Tang dynasty. Some call the writing of the early Tang calligrapher Ouyang Xun (557–641) the first mature regular scri...
When did regular script rise to dominant status?
{ "text": [ "Northern and Southern dynasties" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }
5726db92708984140094d3d0
Chinese_characters
The baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Architecture (1715), De Re Aedificatori...
What book was the most popular in the first quarter of the 18th century?
{ "text": [ "Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell" ], "answer_start": [ 437 ] }
572975523f37b31900478422
Neoclassical_architecture
Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the ...
What was the date of the Treaty of Cahuenga?
{ "text": [ "January 13, 1847" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
572fe048b2c2fd1400568546
San_Diego
In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up unt...
What proportion of the population of Miami-Dade County in 1960 was non-Hispanic white?
{ "text": [ "80%" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
572a776bfed8de19000d5c48
Miami
In the mid-18th century, Paris became the center of an explosion of philosophic and scientific activity challenging traditional doctrines and dogmas. The philosophic movement was led by Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued for a society based upon reason rather than faith and Catholic doctrine, for a new civi...
What concept did Montesquieu introduce that was adopted by the authors of the United States Constitution?
{ "text": [ "separation of powers in a government" ], "answer_start": [ 467 ] }
57109e32b654c5140001f9cf
Age_of_Enlightenment
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trad...
What was the historic name of Kaliningrad before 1945?
{ "text": [ "Königsberg" ], "answer_start": [ 406 ] }
572a50227a1753140016ae9a
East_Prussia
Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics. Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek int...
What replaced Roman numerals in this period of European history?
{ "text": [ "decimal positional number system" ], "answer_start": [ 135 ] }
56fb81078ddada1400cd64a7
Middle_Ages
In October 1919, Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year. On 4 June 1920, he was created Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards....
What nickname did Albert acquire due to his factory visits?
{ "text": [ "\"Industrial Prince\"" ], "answer_start": [ 373 ] }
572814934b864d1900164408
George_VI
On October 21, 2008, Apple reported that only 14.21% of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods. At the September 9, 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event, Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million. The continual decline of iPod sales since 2009 has not ...
What percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPods in fiscal quarter 4 of 2008?
{ "text": [ "14.21%" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }
56d12e4917492d1400aabb86
IPod
After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Han...
What battle did the King's German Legion fight in?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Waterloo" ], "answer_start": [ 548 ] }
570a0ae44103511400d59520
Hanover
Consistent with Calvin's political ideas, Protestants created both the English and the American democracies. In seventeenth-century England, the most important persons and events in this process were the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, John Milton, John Locke, the Glorious Revolution, the English Bill of Rights, an...
What social contract did the Congregationalists create?
{ "text": [ "The Mayflower Compact" ], "answer_start": [ 703 ] }
57325886b9d445190005ea73
Protestantism
The number of entrants has increased greatly in recent years. In the 2004–05 season, 660 clubs entered the competition, beating the long-standing record of 656 from the 1921–22 season. In 2005–06 this increased to 674 entrants, in 2006–07 to 687, in 2007–08 to 731 clubs, and for the 2008–09 and 2009–10 competitions it ...
How many clubs entered the 2004-05 season of the FA Cup?
{ "text": [ "660" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
57274f575951b619008f880c
FA_Cup
Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium in Parque Batlle, was opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centennial of Uruguay's first constitution. In this World Cup, Uruguay won the title game against Argentina by 4 goals to 2. The stadium has 70,000 seats. It is listed by FIFA as...
What is the capacity of Estadio Centenario?
{ "text": [ "70,000 seats" ], "answer_start": [ 283 ] }
5725e6a389a1e219009ac071
Montevideo
Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran's enemies and in particular Israel. Many countries have expressed concern that Iran's nuclear program could divert civil...
What did the UN Security Council do in response to Iran's nuclear program?
{ "text": [ "impose sanctions against Iran" ], "answer_start": [ 407 ] }
57302839b2c2fd140056898e
Iran
On 18 January 2014, the interim government successfully institutionalised a more secular constitution. The president is elected to a four-year term and may serve 2 terms. The parliament may impeach the president. Under the constitution, there is a guarantee of gender equality and absolute freedom of thought. The milita...
What is the term length of the president under the constitution?
{ "text": [ "four-year term" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }
5731715ce6313a140071cf45
Egypt
Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty so...
How often is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?
{ "text": [ "every five years" ], "answer_start": [ 217 ] }
56d3aa352ccc5a1400d82de2
Frédéric_Chopin
Female houses differed from male Dominican houses in a lack of apostolic work for the women. Instead, the sisters chanted the Divine Office and kept all the monastic observances. Their lives were often much more strict than their brothers' lives. The sisters had no government of their own, but lived under the authority...
What were the Dominican sisters compelled to do?
{ "text": [ "obey all the rules" ], "answer_start": [ 397 ] }
5727e65a3acd2414000def44
Dominican_Order
Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocra...
What was Elizabeth's middle name?
{ "text": [ "Alexandra" ], "answer_start": [ 657 ] }
57101de3a58dae1900cd68ab
Elizabeth_II
The remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic—especially late in t...
What type of organisms is Triassic stratigraphy mainly based on?
{ "text": [ "organisms living in lagoons and hypersaline environments" ], "answer_start": [ 912 ] }
57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a33
Geological_history_of_Earth
In August 2012, the AFL announced a new project into China, known as the China American Football League. The CAFL project is headed up by ESPN NFL analyst and Philadelphia Soul majority owner president Ron Jaworski. The plans were to establish a six-team league that would play a 10-week schedule that was slated to star...
Who was given exclusive rights to the new Chinese league?
{ "text": [ "Ganlan Media International" ], "answer_start": [ 536 ] }
56e7b06e37bdd419002c435d
Arena_Football_League
Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton from plants not genetically modified and that is certified to be grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers or pesticides. Its production also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological cycles. In the United States, organic ...
What institution regulates organic cotton production in the United States?
{ "text": [ "National Organic Program (NOP)" ], "answer_start": [ 367 ] }
572754b1f1498d1400e8f656
Cotton
Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop pos...
What can LGBT people do that presents challenges?
{ "text": [ "Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children" ], "answer_start": [ 406 ] }
570ff84db654c5140001f706
Sexual_orientation
In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism. Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on t...
What is often misquoted by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry?
{ "text": [ "Albert Pike" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }
5724eebf0a492a190043567c
Freemasonry
The British Prime Minister, the Duke of Newcastle, was optimistic that the new series of alliances could prevent war from breaking out in Europe. However, a large French force was assembled at Toulon, and the French opened the campaign against the British by an attack on Minorca in the Mediterranean. A British attempt ...
When did Britain and France formally declare war?
{ "text": [ "18 May" ], "answer_start": [ 526 ] }
572eb4c8cb0c0d14000f149c
Seven_Years%27_War
Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than th...
What was the last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position?
{ "text": [ "Berlin Philharmonic" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373de
Classical_music
The members of The Beatles were made MBEs in 1965. John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people… We received ours for entertain...
What did John Lennon compare his MBE to?
{ "text": [ "military membership in the Order" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }
570e67880dc6ce1900205027
Order_of_the_British_Empire
Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham. By winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region. Fradiani released "Beautiful Life" as his coronation single while Beckham released "Champion". Jax, the third place finalist, also released a single called "Forcefield".
Who was the first winner from the Northeast region of American Idol?
{ "text": [ "Nick Fradiani" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56db3c93e7c41114004b4f77
American_Idol
John grew up to be around 5 ft 5 in (1.68 m) tall, relatively short, with a "powerful, barrel-chested body" and dark red hair; he looked to contemporaries like an inhabitant of Poitou. John enjoyed reading and, unusually for the period, built up a travelling library of books. He enjoyed gambling, in particular at backg...
How tall was John?
{ "text": [ "5 ft 5 in (1.68 m)" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
570c51f3b3d812140066d0ef
John,_King_of_England
Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ...
What freeway forms the middle loop around Houston?
{ "text": [ "Beltway 8" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
570ab5396d058f19001830a4
Houston