juliensimon/f107-solar-flux

F10.7 Solar Radio Flux (Penticton)

Credit: NASA

Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face.

Dataset description

Daily F10.7 cm (2800 MHz) solar radio flux measurements from the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory in Penticton, BC. The primary proxy for solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, measured continuously since 1947.

The F10.7 solar radio flux is THE primary proxy for solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. It has been measured continuously since 1947, making it one of the longest running solar activity indices. It is used in atmospheric density models (NRLMSISE-00, JB2008, DTM), orbit propagation for drag modelling, ionospheric models for GPS/GNSS correction and HF radio propagation, and solar cycle monitoring.

The F10.7 index originates from thermal bremsstrahlung and gyroresonance emission in the solar corona and chromosphere, primarily above active regions. Unlike direct EUV measurements -- which require space-based instruments -- the 10.7 cm wavelength penetrates Earth's atmosphere, allowing ground-based observation. The measurement has been made at local noon at the DRAO in Penticton, British Columbia since 1947, making it the longest continuous solar activity proxy available after sunspot numbers.

Three variants are provided: the observed flux (as measured), the adjusted flux (corrected to 1 AU to remove the 3.3% variation from Earth's orbital eccentricity), and the absolute flux (tied to the calibration scale). During solar maximum, F10.7 can exceed 300 SFU for extended periods, increasing thermospheric density at 400 km by a factor of 10-20 compared to deep solar minimum (65 SFU).

This dataset is suitable for tabular regression tasks.

Schema

Column	Type	Description	Sample	Null %
observed_flux_sfu	float64	Daily solar radio flux at 10.7 cm (2800 MHz) measured at local noon in Solar Flux Units (1 SFU = 10^-22 W/m^2/Hz); quiet sun: 65-70 SFU; solar maximum: 200-300+ SFU; required input to atmospheric drag models.	0.0	0.0%
adjusted_flux_sfu	float64	F10.7 flux corrected to 1 AU from the Sun, removing the ~3.3% variation caused by Earth's orbital eccentricity; preferred value for solar cycle analysis and most operational models.	0.0	0.0%
date	datetime64[ns]	Observation date (UTC); Penticton, Canada measurements continuous since 1947.	1947-01-01 16:48:00.000016097	0.0%

Quick stats

• 50,990 daily observations (1947-01-01 to 2026-04-27)
• Mean observed flux: 118.3 SFU
• Peak observed flux: 1645.2 SFU

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/f107-solar-flux", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/f107-solar-flux", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Recent solar activity
recent = df[df["date"] > "2024-01-01"].sort_values("date")
print(recent[["date", "observed_flux_sfu", "adjusted_flux_sfu"]])

# Solar cycle plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(14, 5))
ax.plot(df["date"], df["observed_flux_sfu"], linewidth=0.3, alpha=0.5)
ax.set_xlabel("Date")
ax.set_ylabel("F10.7 (SFU)")
ax.set_title("F10.7 Solar Radio Flux")
plt.show()

Data source

https://lasp.colorado.edu/lisird/data/penticton_radio_flux/

Related datasets

• juliensimon/celestrak-space-weather

• juliensimon/geomagnetic-kp-index

• juliensimon/dst-index

• juliensimon/solar-wind

If you find this dataset useful, please consider giving it a like on Hugging Face. It helps others discover it.

About the author

Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.

Citation

@dataset{f107_solar_flux,
  title = {F10.7 Solar Radio Flux (Penticton)},
  author = {juliensimon},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/f107-solar-flux},
  publisher = {Hugging Face}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0