onset_type int64 0 9 | quality float64 2 5 ⌀ | solar_source_type float64 -1 40 ⌀ | solar_wind_speed_onset_km_s float64 0 3.68k ⌀ | solar_wind_speed_mean_km_s float64 0 7.31k | solar_wind_speed_max_km_s float64 -99 1.19k ⌀ | imf_b_max_nt float64 -99 65.6 ⌀ | imf_bz_min_nt float64 -61 999 | fd_magnitude_pct float64 0.1 28.1 | fd_magnitude_corrected_pct float64 0.2 29.7 | fd_min_time_hours float64 -10 47 ⌀ | fd_min_depth_pct float64 -7.34 9B | spectral_index_max float64 -99.99 1.13 ⌀ | spectral_index_min float64 -99.99 1.05 ⌀ | kp_max float64 0.33 9 | ap_max float64 -1 400 ⌀ | dst_min_nt float64 -589 10k | cme_width_deg float64 0 360 ⌀ | cme_angle_deg float64 0 359 ⌀ | ground_level_enhancement float64 -5 5.4k ⌀ | sunspot_number float64 0 503 ⌀ | datetime_utc timestamp[us]date 1957-07-02 08:54:00 2016-07-28 09:00:00 | cme_datetime_utc timestamp[us]date 1996-11-26 21:35:41 2016-04-10 11:12:05 ⌀ | solar_source_datetime_utc timestamp[us]date 1976-03-28 19:12:00 2015-12-28 11:20:00 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 21 | -0.69 | 0 | null | 8 | 207 | -101 | 0 | null | 0 | 275 | 1957-07-02T08:54:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 3 | 5.3 | 10 | -0.97 | null | null | 7.33 | 154 | -92 | 0 | null | 0 | 302 | 1957-07-05T00:42:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 0.8 | 1.6 | -2 | -0.71 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -45 | 0 | null | 0 | 320 | 1957-07-06T20:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.9 | 1.5 | -8 | -1.21 | null | null | 2.67 | 12 | -12 | 0 | null | 0 | 229 | 1957-07-09T06:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 9 | -1.23 | null | null | 3 | 15 | -12 | 0 | null | 0 | 152 | 1957-07-11T10:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 8 | -0.78 | null | null | 2.67 | 12 | -2 | 0 | null | 0 | 137 | 1957-07-13T19:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 26 | -0.87 | null | null | 4 | 27 | -26 | 0 | null | 0 | 261 | 1957-07-16T07:12:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 5 | -0.6 | null | null | 4 | 27 | -21 | 0 | null | 0 | 309 | 1957-07-18T13:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 13 | -0.88 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -55 | 0 | null | 0 | 316 | 1957-07-19T15:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.6 | 3 | 3 | -0.67 | null | null | 5.67 | 67 | -30 | 0 | null | 0 | 361 | 1957-07-22T04:18:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 42 | -0.93 | null | null | 4 | 27 | 6 | 0 | null | 0 | 292 | 1957-07-26T04:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 11 | -0.93 | null | null | 4 | 27 | 21 | 0 | null | 0 | 245 | 1957-07-27T20:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2 | 3.6 | 7 | -0.85 | null | null | 3.67 | 22 | -20 | 0 | null | 0 | 201 | 1957-07-29T01:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 2 | -0.53 | null | null | 3 | 15 | -7 | 0 | null | 0 | 204 | 1957-08-01T22:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 45 | -0.69 | null | null | 6.33 | 94 | -39 | 0 | null | 0 | 229 | 1957-08-03T15:54:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.2 | 2.5 | -5 | -0.29 | null | null | 5.67 | 67 | -45 | 0 | null | 0 | 231 | 1957-08-06T05:06:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 0.7 | 1.3 | -10 | -0.24 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -8 | 0 | null | 0 | 171 | 1957-08-09T13:48:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2 | 1.7 | 14 | -0.36 | null | null | 2.33 | 9 | -8 | 0 | null | 0 | 126 | 1957-08-10T16:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1 | 2.1 | -10 | -0.38 | null | null | 5.67 | 67 | -56 | 0 | null | 0 | 164 | 1957-08-12T04:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 1 | -0.57 | null | null | 3.67 | 22 | -43 | 0 | null | 0 | 191 | 1957-08-14T01:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.5 | 2.8 | -10 | -0.51 | null | null | 4 | 27 | -17 | 0 | null | 0 | 278 | 1957-08-18T12:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 47 | -0.82 | null | null | 5.33 | 56 | -33 | 0 | null | 0 | 241 | 1957-08-20T06:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 17 | -0.82 | null | null | 1.67 | 6 | -25 | 0 | null | 0 | 195 | 1957-08-21T20:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1 | 1.1 | 11 | -0.37 | null | null | 1.33 | 5 | 8 | 0 | null | 0 | 153 | 1957-08-23T13:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 38 | -0.51 | null | null | 3 | 15 | -7 | 0 | null | 0 | 156 | 1957-08-24T23:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 43 | -0.47 | null | null | 4 | 27 | -9 | 0 | null | 0 | 232 | 1957-08-26T21:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 12.42 | 13.4 | 25 | -3.42 | null | null | 6.67 | 111 | -75 | 0 | null | 0 | 334 | 1957-08-29T19:18:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 0 | -0.85 | null | null | 7 | 132 | -54 | 0 | null | 0 | 370 | 1957-08-31T18:12:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 4.1 | 8.4 | 17 | -1 | null | null | 7.67 | 179 | -162 | 0 | null | 0 | 319 | 1957-09-02T03:12:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.9 | 5.5 | 0 | -1.27 | null | null | 8.67 | 300 | -179 | 0 | null | 0 | 269 | 1957-09-03T06:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.4 | 9.6 | 9 | -1 | null | null | 9 | 400 | -324 | 0 | null | 0 | 245 | 1957-09-04T13:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2 | 1.7 | 33 | -0.8 | null | null | 5.67 | 67 | -105 | 0 | null | 0 | 227 | 1957-09-06T19:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 0.6 | 1.3 | -10 | -0.61 | null | null | 3.67 | 22 | -39 | 0 | null | 0 | 244 | 1957-09-08T22:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 3.2 | 7.3 | 0 | -1.65 | null | null | 2.67 | 12 | -33 | 0 | null | 0 | 340 | 1957-09-10T17:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 3.7 | 7.5 | 0 | -1.65 | null | null | 8.67 | 300 | -427 | 0 | null | 0 | 357 | 1957-09-13T00:42:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 4 | -0.49 | null | null | 5.33 | 94 | -130 | 0 | null | 0 | 355 | 1957-09-14T21:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 2 | -0.38 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -47 | 0 | null | 0 | 357 | 1957-09-16T02:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.5 | 2.5 | -2 | -0.5 | null | null | 3.67 | 22 | -22 | 0 | null | 0 | 365 | 1957-09-17T12:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 3.8 | 7 | 13 | -1.31 | null | null | 8 | 154 | -165 | 0 | null | 0 | 473 | 1957-09-21T10:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 3.7 | 6.1 | 4 | -2.18 | null | null | 8.33 | 236 | -173 | 0 | null | 0 | 428 | 1957-09-22T13:42:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.1 | 7.5 | 0 | -1.31 | null | null | 8.67 | 300 | -303 | 0 | null | 0 | 379 | 1957-09-23T02:30:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2 | 1.4 | -7 | -0.54 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -65 | 0 | null | 0 | 331 | 1957-09-25T08:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 7 | -0.51 | null | null | 3.67 | 22 | -39 | 0 | null | 0 | 320 | 1957-09-27T21:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 6.1 | 11.8 | 25 | -1.36 | null | null | 8.67 | 300 | -246 | 0 | null | 0 | 343 | 1957-09-29T00:12:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1 | 3.8 | -7 | -0.53 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -67 | 0 | null | 0 | 334 | 1957-10-01T08:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.5 | 1.6 | -10 | -0.5 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -33 | 0 | null | 0 | 343 | 1957-10-03T12:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1 | -0.74 | null | null | 3 | 15 | -24 | 0 | null | 0 | 310 | 1957-10-05T03:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1 | -0.55 | null | null | 2.33 | 9 | -8 | 0 | null | 0 | 346 | 1957-10-08T01:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2 | 2.4 | 43 | -0.44 | null | null | 4.33 | 32 | -59 | 0 | null | 0 | 374 | 1957-10-10T00:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 0.8 | 1.6 | null | -0.4 | null | null | 6.33 | 56 | -67 | 0 | null | 0 | 334 | 1957-10-12T23:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 14 | -0.64 | null | null | 6.33 | 94 | -88 | 0 | null | 0 | 329 | 1957-10-14T04:36:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 23 | -0.79 | null | null | 3 | 15 | -9 | 0 | null | 0 | 379 | 1957-10-16T22:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 13 | 13.1 | 0 | -2.79 | null | null | 6.67 | 111 | -60 | 0 | null | 0 | 326 | 1957-10-20T12:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 38 | -2.55 | null | null | 6.67 | 111 | -60 | 0 | null | 0 | 336 | 1957-10-21T22:36:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.3 | 1.6 | -10 | -0.54 | null | null | 3.67 | 22 | -13 | 0 | null | 0 | 391 | 1957-10-24T20:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.8 | 2.8 | -10 | -0.52 | null | null | 4 | 27 | -28 | 0 | null | 0 | 396 | 1957-10-27T16:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.3 | 4.7 | 20 | -0.66 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -42 | 0 | null | 0 | 473 | 1957-10-29T22:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 8 | -0.51 | null | null | 3.33 | 18 | -29 | 0 | null | 0 | 354 | 1957-11-02T20:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 3 | -0.64 | null | null | 1.67 | 6 | -14 | 0 | null | 0 | 303 | 1957-11-04T07:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1 | 1 | 10 | -0.61 | null | null | 2.67 | 7 | 9 | 0 | null | 0 | 285 | 1957-11-05T20:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.5 | 4.3 | 10 | -0.91 | null | null | 7 | 132 | -121 | 0 | null | 0 | 258 | 1957-11-06T18:18:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 45 | -0.63 | null | null | 5 | 48 | -65 | 0 | null | 0 | 224 | 1957-11-08T06:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.9 | 1.4 | -8 | -0.45 | null | null | 4 | 27 | -47 | 0 | null | 0 | 329 | 1957-11-11T01:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 39 | -0.41 | null | null | 4 | 27 | -25 | 0 | null | 0 | 313 | 1957-11-13T19:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 11 | -0.29 | null | null | 4 | 27 | -19 | 0 | null | 0 | 251 | 1957-11-15T20:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 44 | -0.65 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -67 | 0 | null | 0 | 256 | 1957-11-17T11:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 44 | -1.15 | null | null | 3.33 | 18 | -1 | 0 | null | 0 | 372 | 1957-11-22T08:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 6.6 | 9.8 | 20 | -1.53 | null | null | 6.67 | 111 | -122 | 0 | null | 0 | 282 | 1957-11-26T01:54:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 4 | -0.36 | null | null | 4.67 | 27 | -59 | 0 | null | 0 | 304 | 1957-11-29T02:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.7 | 2.6 | null | -0.43 | null | null | 5.67 | 67 | -35 | 0 | null | 0 | 326 | 1957-12-01T03:36:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.1 | 1.2 | null | -0.61 | null | null | 3.67 | 22 | -27 | 0 | null | 0 | 326 | 1957-12-03T14:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 2 | -0.61 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -57 | 0 | null | 0 | 344 | 1957-12-04T18:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 45 | -0.5 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -41 | 0 | null | 0 | 269 | 1957-12-07T08:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.6 | 2.7 | 16 | -0.5 | null | null | 5.67 | 67 | -55 | 0 | null | 0 | 215 | 1957-12-09T13:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 0.9 | 1.7 | -8 | -0.47 | null | null | 5 | 48 | -37 | 0 | null | 0 | 222 | 1957-12-12T20:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1 | 1.3 | 26 | -0.47 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -25 | 0 | null | 0 | 236 | 1957-12-14T09:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 41 | -0.67 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -31 | 0 | null | 0 | 265 | 1957-12-16T21:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 20 | -1.57 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -46 | 0 | null | 0 | 353 | 1957-12-19T09:36:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 23 | -0.55 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -40 | 0 | null | 0 | 402 | 1957-12-20T22:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 2 | -0.68 | null | null | 1.33 | 5 | -10 | 0 | null | 0 | 447 | 1957-12-22T17:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 30 | -0.74 | null | null | 3.67 | 22 | -23 | 0 | null | 0 | 503 | 1957-12-24T01:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 42 | -0.38 | null | null | 2.33 | 9 | -19 | 0 | null | 0 | 389 | 1957-12-27T20:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.9 | 6.7 | 39 | -2.84 | null | null | 6.33 | 94 | -130 | 0 | null | 0 | 388 | 1957-12-30T07:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 1 | -0.54 | null | null | 6.33 | 94 | -130 | 0 | null | 0 | 303 | 1958-01-01T14:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 16 | -0.31 | null | null | 2 | 4 | -29 | 0 | null | 0 | 283 | 1958-01-03T14:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 10 | -0.5 | null | null | 3 | 15 | -19 | 0 | null | 0 | 307 | 1958-01-04T23:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.1 | 2.1 | -10 | -0.52 | null | null | 4 | 27 | -26 | 0 | null | 0 | 329 | 1958-01-09T22:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 0.7 | 1.6 | -8 | -0.23 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -46 | 0 | null | 0 | 395 | 1958-01-14T10:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 24 | -0.46 | null | null | 3.67 | 22 | -28 | 0 | null | 0 | 394 | 1958-01-16T07:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 27 | -0.74 | null | null | 5 | 48 | -72 | 0 | null | 0 | 350 | 1958-01-17T17:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 9 | -0.47 | null | null | 6.67 | 111 | -72 | 0 | null | 0 | 269 | 1958-01-20T15:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 20 | -0.3 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -47 | 0 | null | 0 | 245 | 1958-01-22T05:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.8 | 2.2 | -7 | -0.31 | null | null | 5 | 48 | -52 | 0 | null | 0 | 194 | 1958-01-25T10:48:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1.4 | 1.4 | -10 | -0.41 | null | null | 4.33 | 32 | -21 | 0 | null | 0 | 239 | 1958-01-27T20:00:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 1 | 7 | 21 | -0.44 | null | null | 3.33 | 18 | -15 | 0 | null | 0 | 184 | 1958-01-29T23:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.1 | 2.6 | -4 | -0.39 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -40 | 0 | null | 0 | 204 | 1958-02-04T13:06:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 33 | -0.33 | null | null | 4.67 | 39 | -42 | 0 | null | 0 | 256 | 1958-02-08T00:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 5.2 | 14 | 3 | -3.23 | null | null | 9 | 400 | -426 | 0 | null | 0 | 242 | 1958-02-11T01:24:00 | null | null |
9 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 8 | -0.5 | null | null | 6 | 80 | -113 | 0 | null | 0 | 251 | 1958-02-12T10:00:00 | null | null |
1 | null | -1 | null | 0 | null | null | 999 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 7 | -0.33 | null | null | 5 | 48 | -44 | 0 | null | 0 | 210 | 1958-02-16T16:36:00 | null | null |
Forbush Decrease Events (IZMIRAN FEID)
Credit: NASA
Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face.
Dataset description
A comprehensive catalog of Forbush decrease events from the IZMIRAN FEID (Forbush Effects and Interplanetary Disturbances) database. Each event includes solar wind parameters, interplanetary magnetic field measurements, Forbush decrease magnitudes, geomagnetic indices, and associated CME data.
A Forbush decrease is a rapid reduction in the galactic cosmic ray intensity observed at Earth, caused by the passage of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) or co-rotating interaction region (CIR) through the heliosphere. The enhanced magnetic field within these structures acts as a shield, temporarily deflecting galactic cosmic rays away from the inner solar system. Typical decreases range from 1-10% of the ambient cosmic ray flux, with the largest events exceeding 15%.
Forbush decreases are measured by the worldwide network of ground-based neutron monitors at ~10 GV rigidity. The FEID catalog cross-references each cosmic ray decrease with its solar source (flare, CME), the interplanetary disturbance parameters (solar wind speed, IMF magnitude, Bz component), and the geomagnetic response (Kp, Ap, Dst indices). This multi-parameter approach makes the FEID one of the most richly annotated Forbush decrease catalogs available.
These events are important for: (1) understanding cosmic ray modulation by solar activity, (2) forecasting radiation environment changes relevant to aviation and spaceflight, and (3) studying the propagation and geo-effectiveness of CMEs and ICMEs through the heliosphere.
This dataset is suitable for tabular regression, time-series forecasting tasks.
Schema
| Column | Type | Description | Sample | Null % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
onset_type |
int64 | Onset type code: 1=shock+SSC (sudden storm commencement), 2=interplanetary shock without SSC, 3=weak SSC, 9=no shock detected; characterizes how the interplanetary disturbance arrived at Earth | 1 | 0.0% |
quality |
float64 | Data quality rating from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent); reflects the clarity of the Forbush decrease signature in neutron monitor data and the completeness of associated measurements | 3.0 | 82.1% |
solar_source_type |
float64 | Solar source type code identifying the kind of solar event (flare, filament eruption, etc.) that produced the interplanetary disturbance | -1.0 | 1.1% |
solar_wind_speed_onset_km_s |
float64 | Solar wind bulk speed at the onset of the Forbush decrease (km/s); typical quiet values ~400 km/s, disturbed values 500-1000+ km/s | 232.0 | 90.7% |
solar_wind_speed_mean_km_s |
float64 | Mean solar wind speed during the Forbush decrease event (km/s); averaged over the decrease and early recovery phase | 0.0 | 0.0% |
solar_wind_speed_max_km_s |
float64 | Maximum solar wind speed recorded during the event (km/s); peaks often coincide with the passage of the ICME sheath or ejecta | 612.0 | 29.9% |
imf_b_max_nt |
float64 | Maximum interplanetary magnetic field magnitude during the event (nT); enhanced B inside ICMEs is the primary cause of cosmic ray shielding | 15.2 | 29.3% |
imf_bz_min_nt |
float64 | Minimum IMF Bz component during the event (nT, GSM coordinates); large negative Bz drives geomagnetic storms via dayside reconnection | 999.0 | 0.0% |
fd_magnitude_pct |
float64 | Forbush decrease magnitude at 10 GV rigidity (%), measuring the peak reduction in galactic cosmic ray intensity; typical values 1-10%, extreme events >15% | 3.6 | 0.0% |
fd_magnitude_corrected_pct |
float64 | Magnetosphere-corrected Forbush decrease magnitude (%); removes the contribution of geomagnetic cutoff changes to isolate the interplanetary modulation | 4.2 | 0.0% |
fd_min_time_hours |
float64 | Time from onset to minimum cosmic ray flux (hours); characterizes the speed of the decrease phase, typically 6-24 hours | 21.0 | 2.5% |
fd_min_depth_pct |
float64 | Minimum depth of cosmic ray decrease (%); the deepest point of the Forbush decrease profile | -0.69 | 0.0% |
spectral_index_max |
float64 | Maximum spectral index (gamma) of the Forbush decrease; describes the rigidity dependence of the cosmic ray modulation during the decrease phase | 0.0 | 61.1% |
spectral_index_min |
float64 | Minimum spectral index during the recovery phase; the rigidity spectrum typically softens as cosmic rays recover | 0.0 | 39.2% |
kp_max |
float64 | Maximum Kp geomagnetic index during the event (0-9 scale); Kp >= 5 indicates a geomagnetic storm, often concurrent with large Forbush decreases | 8.0 | 0.0% |
ap_max |
float64 | Maximum Ap geomagnetic index during the event; linearized version of Kp providing a more physical measure of geomagnetic disturbance | 207.0 | 3.3% |
dst_min_nt |
float64 | Minimum Dst index during the event (nT); Dst < -50 nT indicates a geomagnetic storm, < -100 nT an intense storm; measures ring current enhancement | -101.0 | 0.0% |
cme_width_deg |
float64 | Angular width of the associated CME (degrees); halo CMEs (360 deg) are most likely to impact Earth and produce large Forbush decreases | 0.0 | 1.1% |
cme_angle_deg |
float64 | Position angle of the associated CME (degrees from solar north); indicates the direction of initial CME propagation in the plane of the sky | 270.0 | 94.5% |
ground_level_enhancement |
float64 | Ground-level enhancement (GLE) flag; values >0 indicate that this Forbush decrease coincided with a GLE — a rare event where solar energetic particles are detected at ground level | 0.0 | 0.0% |
sunspot_number |
float64 | Daily international sunspot number at the time of the event; proxy for overall solar activity level, correlates with Forbush decrease frequency over the solar cycle | 275.0 | 1.0% |
datetime_utc |
datetime64[us] | Event onset time in UTC, constructed from the IZMIRAN Date and Time fields; marks the beginning of the cosmic ray intensity decrease as observed by the neutron monitor network | 1957-07-02 08:54:00 | 0.0% |
cme_datetime_utc |
datetime64[us] | UTC timestamp of the associated coronal mass ejection (CME) as observed by coronagraphs (typically SOHO/LASCO); null if no CME association was identified | 1996-11-26 21:35:41 | 90.8% |
solar_source_datetime_utc |
datetime64[us] | UTC timestamp of the identified solar source event (flare or eruption) that produced the interplanetary disturbance causing this Forbush decrease | 1976-03-28 19:12:00 | 85.9% |
Quick stats
- 7,097 Forbush decrease events (1957--2016)
- Median FD magnitude: 1.0%, maximum: 28.1%
- 656 events with associated CME data
- 7097 events with Dst index measurements
- 91 events coinciding with ground-level enhancements (GLEs)
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/forbush-decreases", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/forbush-decreases", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
# FD magnitude distribution
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df["fd_magnitude_pct"].dropna().hist(bins=50)
plt.xlabel("Forbush Decrease Magnitude (%)")
plt.ylabel("Count")
plt.title("Distribution of Forbush Decrease Magnitudes")
plt.show()
# FD magnitude vs solar wind speed
valid = df.dropna(subset=["fd_magnitude_pct", "solar_wind_speed_max_km_s"])
plt.scatter(valid["solar_wind_speed_max_km_s"], valid["fd_magnitude_pct"], alpha=0.3, s=10)
plt.xlabel("Max Solar Wind Speed (km/s)")
plt.ylabel("FD Magnitude (%)")
plt.title("Forbush Decrease vs Solar Wind Speed")
plt.show()
# Annual event count (tracks solar cycle)
df["year"] = df["datetime_utc"].dt.year
df.groupby("year").size().plot(kind="bar", figsize=(14, 4))
plt.ylabel("Events per year")
plt.title("Forbush Decrease Events by Year")
plt.show()
Data source
http://spaceweather.izmiran.ru/eng/dbs.html
Related datasets
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About the author
Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.
Citation
@dataset{forbush_decreases,
title = {Forbush Decrease Events (IZMIRAN FEID)},
author = {juliensimon},
year = {2026},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/forbush-decreases},
publisher = {Hugging Face}
}
License
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